MARTIN MARK-ALL, BEADLE OF BRIDEWELL; His defence and answer to the bellman of LONDON.  
discovering the long-concealed original and Regiment of Rogues, when they first began to take head, and how they haue succeeded one the other successively unto the six and twentieth year of King HENRY the eight, gathered out of the Chronicle of Crackeropes, and( as they term it) the Legend of LOSSELS.  
By S. R.  
Oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,  
Oderunt peccare mali formidine poenae.  
LONDON Printed for John Budge, and Richard Bonian. 1610.   

To the courteous Reader.  
GEntlemen, a Preface to a Pamphlet is as foolish as fancied, and verses ( in laudem authoris) are far worse then a Horse-coursers commendation of a Smythfield-Iade, the one too too common, the other frivolous: for mine own part, if the inside of my labour cannot win your content, let the outside of the subject show his authors intent: I know I shall be contemned of some for being too forward, controlled of others who perhaps are rubbed on the sore, and condemned of a third sort for a loose style and lame phrase: Indeed Gentlemen this I do confess, I shall bring vpon this great Stage of fools( for omne sub Sole vanitas) a piece of folly; if such as count themselves wise dare venture the reading of it over, I cannot let them, but when they haue perused it, and find therein nothing but folly, let them reprehend neither the work nor workemaster, but rather themselves, in that they would spend their time so foolishly, being before warned of so foolish and idle a subject.  
Yours in love, S. R.   

MARTIN MARK-ALL his apology, to the Bel-man of London.  
THere hath been of late dayes great pains taken on the part of the good old Bel-man of London, in discovering as he thinks, a newfound Nation and People, Let it be so for this time: hereupon much ado was made in setting forth their lives, order of living, method of speech, and usual meetings, with diuers other things thereunto appertaining. These volumes and papers, now spread every where, so that every Iacke-boy now can say as well as the proudest of that fraternity,( will you wapp for a win, or tranie for a make,) the gentle Company of Cursitours began now to stir, and look about them, and having gathered together a convocation of Canting Caterpillars, as well in the North parts at the 
Where at this day the Rogues of the North part, once every three yeeres assemble in the night, because they will not be seen and espied, being a place to those that know it very fit for that purpose, it being hollow, and made spacious under ground, at first by estimation half a mile in compass, but it hath such turnings and roundings in it, that a man may easily be lost, if he enter not with a guide.  divels arse apeake, as in the South, They diligently inquired, and strait search was made, whether any had revolted from that faithless fellowship, hereupon every one gave his verdict, some supposed that it might be some one, that having ventured too far beyond wit and good taking heed was fallen into the hands of the Magistrate, and carried to the training cheats, where in show of a penitent heart, and remoarse of his good time ill spent, turned the cock, and let out all: Others thought it might be some spie-knaue, that having little to do, took vpon him the habit and form of an hermit, and so by daily commercing and discoursing learned in time the mystery and knowledge of this ignoble procession: and others because it smelled a of a study, deemed it to be some of their own company, that had been at some frée-schoole, and belike because he would be handsome against a good time, took pen and ink, and wrote of that subject, thus, Tot homines, tot sententiae, so many men, so many mindes. And all because the spiteful Poet would not set too his name. At last up starts an old Cacodemicall academic with his freeze bonnet, and gives them al to know, that this invective was set forth, made, and printed above forty years ago. And being then called, A caveat for Cursitors, is now newly printed, and termed, The Bel-man of London, made at first by one Master Harman a Iustice of Peace in Kent, in queen Maries daies, he being then about ten years of age.  
At this news the whole Company of Clapperdudgions, were indifferently well resolved, yet their mindes were not fully satisfied, because they knew not by whom this book was set out, hereupon for this time the Synagogue of satan was dismissed, and the whole Regiment of Raggamuffins betook themselves to their usual occupations, expecting that this villainous If willer of theirs, at one time or other, would be known and brought to light. Not long after, this perverse persecutor of poor Pilgrims, not content with the former injury done against them, but seeking by all means, to roote out and scatter them, if it were possible out of the land, raises new forces, and persecutes them, with fire, and sword, and deadly war.  
The fury and malice of the Bel-man once again bruited abroad, and they not knowing the author of the first, now grow outrageous, begin to curse with Bell, book, and candle: That if he were to be known, they would spare neither cost nor labour for the search, and enquiry of him forth.  
mean time the Rogues of the North, that had before met at the divels arse apeake, hearing of this unexpected news with rage inflamed, trot on their lusty tentoes, with bag and baggage toward the southern Regiment, who being entertained with such welcomes and compliments, as are used among themselves. They presently sand to the Beadle of the Hall, to summon and warn, all of that Company and fraternity, to make his personal appearance at the Swan with five necks in Kings street as the fittest place to receive so ignoble a Court of Crack-ropes.  
The Congregation of Caterpillars gathered together, and the Court of Couzoners now set: up starts a ragged over roasted jack of the clock house with his crutch in his hand, in stead of a Tip-staffe, makes three solemn O yes, which done with a fiery face, and filthy Throat, he proclaymes, as followeth.  
All maner of people that were summoned to appear here this day, 
corporal Fize.  before corporal Fize chief Commander of the Regiment, and Corporation of good fellowes, and Maunders, let them draw near, and give their attendance, for the Court is set.  
As soon as ever the proclamation was ended, Lord, what a company of petitioners pressed to the bar to prefer their papers of miuries, that were offered and done among themselves, here one complains that he could not travell safely, nor carry any money without danger of the vyright man and Tinker, but that they would rob and spoil them of all that was ought about them, here another that they could not quietly take their rast in the night, nor keep his Autem, or dorie sole unto himself: but that the Ruffier, padder, or any upright man, would take them away perforce, and others that they could not converse, and keep company with those that they met, but that in the night they are sure to be Clyd in the night, by the Angler, or hooker, or such like pilferers that live vpon the spoil of other poor people. These were generally the effect of their petitions, but O, if a man were there to hear the noise, the clamour, and bawling that was there among them, you would sure think, that all the dogges in Parish garden were broken loose, and came thither on purpose to yawle: yea, I think in my conscience, Cerberus that thrée-throat horrible hel-hound never kept a more doleful, nor horryd noise, than those kennel of Clapperdugeons did at that time, but after that proclamation was made for silence, corporal Fize chief Commander of that court, began as followeth.  

corporal Fize his speech to appease the tumult.  My friends and fellowes, our meeting héere at this time is not to discuss and determine of matters between party and party. But our assembly now is to find out, judge, and determine of one that of late hath published two malicious and injurious Pamphlets: concerning us and our whole course of life. Therefore, I would request you forbear until the Court haue fully finished and ended this matter: and if we haue any spare time afterward we will be ready to redress any wrong, you, or any of you haue sustained. At this motion the wind was calm, then they proceeded to call forth the grand jury, or Quest of enquiry: who being called they did appear, and then the charge was given them as followeth.  


The names of the grand jury, or Quest of enquiry of Crackropes. 
The grand Inquest of Crackropes.   
anthony ap Hugh, the Aplesquire of Apesbury. bartholomew Barfilching, the Bottlemaker of bristol.  
Christopher Chafelitter, the Chymneysweeper of Knoctiuergos.  
Demetrius Dingethrist, the Dorsermaker of Dorneby.  
Edwin Euesdropper, the Eele-pie eater of Elton.  
Friskin Fitz-Fizler, my Lady brach Gent. usher of Feuersham.  
Gregory Greenewinchard, the Gunfounder of Goggleton.  
hance Haltersicke, the Harnismaker of Hornchurch.  
Iefferie Iobbernall, the jerkin maker of Iorley.  
Kenericke Coleprophet, the Cockletaker of canterbury.  
lecherous Lowsicote, the lark taker of Lalum.  
Martin Marke-a-knaue, the millstone cutter of Marbury.  
Nunquam Neuerthriue, the Nutcracker of Newberie.  
own overthwart, the Onion seller of Ockingham.  
Peter Poundkarlicke, the Powchmaker of Pindle bury.  
Quinton Corrifauell, the quacksaluer of Quanton.  
Rowland Rinceprichard, the Ratcatcher of Ramsey.  
Stephen Stinck-a-pace, the Sowgelder of Stamford.  
Timothy Hol-hazard, of Tritrace, the Tilemaker of Tonbridge.  
Vincent Veriknaue, the Vintener of the Vintry.  
Wilkin wiredrawer, the Welsh wizard of Wickham.  
Hextus Sextus, the Sexton of Sexbury.  
Yanikin Yanner, the yarn spinner of Yarmouth.  
Nicholas Chathorne, the bowsie bag bearer, or clerk of the Snapsacke,   good men in nothing, but true in villainy, stand near and hear your charge.  

corporal Fizehis charge to the jury.  My Masters of the jury, and you my good friends; the cause of our unexpected and unaccustomed meeting at this time is not unknown unto you all, how an upstart pamphletmaker and a most injurious and Satiricall libeler hath of late dayes done as much as in him lieth: not onely to disgrace and defame our so ancient and long continuing profession: but also extirp and overthrow all our customs, acts and ceremonies, which time out of mind haue been accustomend, and now are daily in use and custom among us, The cause of this his muddy humour, I cannot guess otherwise then this, that being weary of his good name and reputation( if ever he had any) is now contented to disburden himself thereof: and gives the whole world to understand, that delighting in Rogerie more then honesty: he would show himself to be little better then a tame Rogue. The matter that he busieth himself about, favoureth onely rancour and malice: The end whereat he aimeth, tendeth to death and desolation, subversion of ourstate and fashion. And therefore my masters, it behoveth you as at all other times, so especially at this time, wisely and considerately to way and ponder of this fact, for it is not an offence against one or two private men: but it toucheth the whole company in general. And therfore a thing not to be passed slightly over, you therefore that haue the managing of this business, without whom wee of ourselves can proceed in nothing, you being our right hand herein, bend all your care for the good of this little Common-wealth. And as you are elected and chosen to suborn and uphold this small Regiment, so I pray you show yourselves, as I hope you will the true supporters and pillars of the same. But briefly to make an end, because I purpose not to use many words, you shall not need to inquire and search for the Author, or his name of this invective, for he is known. And in his second Round as he calls it, hath set to his name: and therefore you may save that labour, your charge is onely to find of the slander and scandal comprised in the Inditement, or no, if you find him guilty, you shall return on the back side of the Inditement that he is guilty, and so give it in Court, that we may proceed against him accordingly: mean time because it is fit to proceed with equity and iustice, and not to give iudgement rashly and hastily against any man, before he haue made his apology, or purgation, our pursuivant shall be speedily sent to him to bring him before us, that he may answer to the objections and crimes laid against him.  

A messenger sent to call the Bel-man.  strait was a stout sturdy and bigbone knave sent in ambassage to signior the Bel-man to appear, who assoon as his message was delivered( he need d not to ebb bid make hast) speedily hastens to the Belmans house, where he finds him at home by the fire side, mumbling a piece of bread and cheese. The bellman seeing this rude and vnmannerly fellow come in puffing, without any God speed, was ready to choke for fear: but after they had parled on the matter, and delivered his message, the bellman locks fast his door, and puts the key under the Still, and away they go together toward the Court of Crackeropes. In the mean time the jury gave up their verdict, they made not a long harvest of a little corn, but suddenly they laid their knaves heads together, and concluded that the bellman was guilty of the slander comprised in the Inditement: and thereupon delivered up again the Inditement into the Court; and so for that time they all departed to dinner. By this time the Gentlemen of the ragged order, had almost dined, and now come in all hast, the bellman and his keeper, who assoon as they were now come; word was carried in to the Masters of misrule, that the bellman was in the hall ready to avouch what he had published: At this word they all strait rose( although scarce well dined) as all moved with a covetous and greedy desire to see the confusion of the poor bellman.  
As soon as the Benchers of the ragged Robes were set, in was called the bellman to make his apology, where after he had made his appearance, The chief commander of Crackropes began thus as followeth.  

Corporal Fize his Oration to the bellman.  signor bellman, I marvell what madness hath bewitched you, or what fury hath made you so fantastic thus to rail on us poor Vagrants, penilesse pilgrims, hath your nightly watchings and continual disorder of your brains so whorried your senses, that you can let fly at none other but on us, poor forlorn wretches, that trouble you not, no not so much as once in seven yeares.  
me thinks it should haue been your part rather to haue told of domestical affairs and household matters, what good rule is kept among your watch, how here one lies drunk when he should stand Sentinel, There another lying along a sleep vpon a bench complaining how his back aches, with carrying the Tankard and burdens in the day time; so that he were more fit to haue been at home in bed a fléepe, then busied with any service for the City abroad at night, how you found this door left open by prentices, either to let in their whores when their Masters be a sleep, or to purloin their Masters goods to maintain their Trulls, here to find out a knave picking open a lock by the help of his black Arte, and there in a Taylors stall hote luxury making riot. These and many more might you haue busied your brain about, and not thus scandalously and satirically to tyramnize over us as your Crosbiters do over their Simplers.  
No, no, Goodman Bel-man, though we are of the contemned sort, yet we haue supporters, and those that will fight in our quarrel were you never so strong.  
But to the matter, surely you think you haue done a noble exploit, thus to descry and declare to the world our manner of living and customary laws, our inns, feasts, and meetings: And that herein you haue done the part of a good subject, thus to Anatomize and picture out such kind of people as you term base, that live by the sweat of other mens brows( as you say.) This I sent your reason, In deed I will say as you say: But shall I tell you, your praise had been much more the greater, if you had preached into the particular enormities,& palpable villainies committed daily in your City: Let us poor folk live as wee do, we do no man hurt but ourselves, nor no mans foe but our own, we haue nothing but what other men can spare, other mens shavings are our refreshings, and if it were not for us, much good meate would be in danger of Fly-blowing, or cast to dogges. If there bee any in our vocation or calling, that live disorderly and out of compass, what trade can you name that do not the like. If wee sometimes lye with our neighbours wives, is it not usual else-where?( nay herein by your favour, we do best paint out the family of love, who do not stick but to haue all things in common:) If in bousing we ouer-drinke ourselves, do not some of the best in your City do the like? If some make little conscience in lying, swearing, and stealing, I think few of your Trades-men go free: If then it be all one in City as in country, among the rich as amongst us poor, and generally in all Trades and Occupations deceit and abuses, sith it is so that he that cannot dissemble cannot live: why then should you bee so spiteful goodman Saunshell to inveigh against us poor souls above the rest, who of all others, in shifting are the most simplest souls in this over wise world.  
But you good sir, like a Spider to entrap onely the smallest flies, suffer the great ones to fly through, you scour the ditch of a company of croaking frogs, when you leave behind you an infinite number of venomous toads, you decipher and paint out a poor Rogue, or a doxy that steal and rob hedges of a few ragged clothes( which you can make but petit larciney.) And never speak of those Vultures that ruin whole Lordships, and infect the common wealth, by their vallainous living to the discredit of some, and ill example to all.  
Sir reverence on your Mastership, good Mas bellman, had you such a moat in your eye, that you could not see those Fox-surd gentlemen, that harbour more deceit under their dammaske cassockes, then is in all the poor Rogues in a country, Brokers I mean and usurers, that like vultures prey vpon the simplo, those that are moths in a Common-wealth, living vpon the spoil of young gentlemen, as thirsty as a horse-léech, that will never leave drinking until he burst: A knave that hath the interest in the leases of forty bawdy houses, and a receiver of lifts, and a dishonourable supporter of Cutpurses, sleeping with his neighbours pledges all night in his bosom, and feeding vpon forfeits and penalties, as ravens do vpon carrion, one that is a bowzie bawdy miser, good for none but himself, and his trugge, the scum of your seven deadly sins, and an enemy to all good mindes.  
What say you to these now, good signior Bel-man, had you not been better occupied to haue discovered, and lain open these kind of Caterpillars then thus at Randum, to rail on us poor harmless Pilgrims, these are within your precinct and liberty, with whom you are daily conversant. But you will verify the old saying, where the ditch is lowest, there men go over thick and thrée-fold: but it seems you durst not make any mention of these, because they be your good Masters and Benefactors, but for my part I care for none of them, no more then they care for me.  
The nearest to our profession that I know, you are most like to the whip-iacke, who( as you say) being an idle fellow, and a fresh-water soldier, never sailing further than Graues-end, will talk and prate of the low Countreys, of this battle,& that skirmish that he fought in, whereas indeed he never durst say so much as boo to a Mouse, so you never going further out of town thē a farthing candle will light, you will talk,& prate,& make a flourish of a number of things done both out of your precinct, and capacity: say you are acquainted with all the damned Crew about the city, must it needs follow that you haue the in-sight and myshery of our calling and prrofession likewise? No good sir, know you are wide by the length of your nose, yea, and so wide that you shall never know the full depth therof, until you haue undertaken the sublime habit, and shape of a poor Pilgrim, and humble eremite. And so Benedicite.  
After this profound Drator had thus bespoken, licence was granted to the Bel-man, to make his answer and purgation, where when he had cleared his throat with a hem, and made himself ready for that purpose, he proceeded thus.  
My Masters, and you that are héere present to hear 
The Belmans Answer and defence  me, I take no care how to answer you, knowing my cause to be just and honest, it hath been ever known, that those that haue guilty consciences will think, that every thing that is saidis spoken against themselves. And now I find it too true, that it is not good meddling with galled jades, least they winch and kick. For mine own part, what I haue said I dare avouch, and I am sully resolved to stand to my tackling, come what tempest will. And since you haue given me leave freely to speak my mind without interruption, I will begin with your lives, and show you how vilde and base it is before God and the world. For I think there be none here but such as you call Maunders, Clapperdugeons, and a few Padders, and those of the meanest sort, al which I may rightly term you,& give you this one name drowsy Drones, and lousy loiterers: and what is a Lopterer or Drone, nothing but a sucker of honey, a spoiler of corn, a destroyer of fruit, a waster of money, a spoiler of victual, a sucker of blood, a breaker of good orders, a séeker of brawls, a queller of life, a Baseliske of a common-wealth, which by company and sight doth poison a whole country, and stayneth honest minds with the infection of his venom, and so draweth the Common-wealth to death and destruction, and such is the end of your lives& commanding: when we see a great number of flies in a year, we judge it like to be a great plague: and having so great a swarming of loitering vagabonds,& sturdy Rogues ready to brawl and swagger at every mans door, doth it not declare a greater infection ready to ensue.  
Who therefore can otherwise deem. But that this pestilence wherewith this our flourishing Commonwealth is so plagued with, is above all other most pestilent, yea and so pestiferous, that indeed there can bee no more hurtful a thing to a well governed estate: and therefore it is not onely most odious, but also pestilent in that it hath spotted the whole country with such a stain and blot of idleness.  
What say you to a number of Vagabonds, and sturdy Rogues that after the overthrow of the enemy, and breaking up of the camp, will swarm in every corner of the realm, and not only lye loitering under hedges, but also stand sturdely in Cities, and beg boldly at every door, leaving labour which they like not, and following idleness which they should not? For after wars it is commonly seen that those that went out honest, return home again like roisters: and as they were brent to the warres bottom, they haue ever after all their daies an vnsauory smack thereof, and smell still towards day-sléepers and hedge-tréepers, purse-cutters, padders, quarrelers and blood-shedders.  
Is it not seen commonly after wars, more robbing, théeuing, begging and murdering then before? and those to stand in highways to ask alms, whom men are afraid to say nay unto honestly, least it be taken away from them violently, and haue more cause to suspect their strength, then to pity their need: men cannot safely ride in the high-way, unless they ride strong: work is left at home undone, and loiterers laze in the street, lurk in Ale-houses, and range in the highways: sturdy knaves play in Towns, and complain of need, whose filchman or staff, if it be once warm in their hands, or sluggishness bread in their bosom, they will never be alured to work, according to the saying that you haue among yourselves ( If you can Cant, you will never work) showing, that if they haue been rogues so long, that they can Cant, they will never settle themselves to labour again. And what more noisome beasts in a Common-wealth can there be, then you loiterers are? Diuers vermin destroy corn, kill pullen, and engines and snares are made for them: but for yourselves, although you are made men that should haue reason, yet nothing will serve to bridle you, or keep you in compass, until your neck be compassed with a With or Halter.  
And what a grief is it to an honest man, to labour truly in youth, and to gain painfully by labour, wherewith to live honestly in age, and to haue this( gotten in a long time) to be suddenly caught and rapt away by violence.  
Here the Bel-man would haue said more, and scarce hither to could they refrain themselves, but with indignation and choler, were ready to tear the poor bellman in pieces amongst them; for the sun being in Cancer, and the midsummer moon at full: their mindes were embrued with such follies, and their heads carried away with such vanities, that as men of Athens, they would hear no man speak but themselves, and thought nothing well said, but what came out of their own mouths. But after the storm was past, and an O Yes was made for silence, 
A post from Don-Purloyningo.  in comes a post and Messenger in all hast from Don-Pourloyningo of Theuengen, to the Masters and gouernours of this wicked rabblement, in this fashion:  
room my Masters, I bring you news, not common tidings of old matters, but an answer of your letters of complaint, 
His Message to the Court of Crackropes.  sent to my Master Don-Pourloyningo: They came to his hands, he hath perused them, and sent you his general protection, to defend you from the hands of the impatient and severe people: now you may be of good comfort, and pull up your hearts: if you offend again, you need fear no punishment, but swagger till your guts crack: you shall haue all at your own wills to the full: Nay, tis true as I tell you; if you will not beleeue, you shall see his letters of comfort and writing Consolatory, which he hath granted in favour to you: dispatch, get up all your trumpery, for the ships will be ready for you at the next wind. With that he pulled forth of his pocket the protection sent from Don Purloyningo, which followeth. But before we go any further, you shall hear the copy of the Letter, sent by them to this new found Knight: The endorsement of which is thus.  To the thrice renowned Potentate Don-Purloyningo, chief governor of the Region of Theuingen. 
creeping at your vnreuerend feet your Suppliants, 
corporal Fize his letter to Don Purloyningo.  the Gentlemen of the ragged Order. That whereas in all places we are daily persecuted by all sorts of Officers, as Marshals, Beadles, Sergeants, bailiffs, Constables, and such other officers, lying continually as spies to entrap and catch us poor souls, as wee are following our callings in Markels, fairs, frays, throngs, and assemblies, wherein heretofore we haue lived reasonable well, though not with any great credite, yet void of suspicion or apprehension: and being so taken, haue been carried to places of correction, there woefully tormented by Blew-coates, cowardly fellowes, that durst not let us haue our hands at liberty; but without al humanity, haue so scourged us, that flesh and blood could hardly endure it. And whereas our predecessors before, for the good of this Common-wealth of ours, took great pains in devising a new speech or language, to the end we might utter our mindes freely, and speak boldly without controlment one to another, which no doubt was a great help to us and our predecessors heretofore; yet such is the malice of some envious il-willer of ours, that hath we know not how, not onely discovered our manners and fashions, but also this our language and speech, whereby we are often times ouer-hard, and taken and sent to prisons and tortures, and onely by our own confessions, which we haue uttered in this our language, and which haue trust unto us boldly, as if wee had been safe bolted in a Castle or strong hold. Now forasmuch as wee haue not any friend to whom we may haue access that will hear or tender our causes in these affairs, we know not whether to resort for aid, but to your good worship, who wee assure ourselves love and favour us, and will stretch yourself to the uttermost of your power, for our enlargement and delivery from these perplexities by your mediation to Papa beelzeebub the black Prince: for whose sake we haue endured many bitter storms, cursings and reuylings contrary to our expectation when we first began to practise our trade and occupation.  
Besides the loss of many good booties, as silver, plate, jewels, apparel and such like things, which when we haue fingered to do us credite, haue been taken as wayfes to our great impouerishments, when wee haue been driven to yield to the officers, by which we finding ourselves to grow so weak in purse, dare hardly adventure to get to discharge our daily consumations and expenses: nay although we would, we cannot; for the very vulgar are grown so crafty, that we are known so well as the beggar knows his dish, although we dissemble our habits and estates never so much.  
Therefore presuming you will vngratiously consider of our hardness, and speedily fetch us away from these places which in torture, as to us more hote then hell: we lye thick and thrée-fold under staules, bulks and hedges, praying for your worship, whose good word we make no question of, knowing well the pitty remaining in your good head, and often extended in love to us, expecting your answer, we leave you.  
Yours in the basest fashion, The Derickmans,  
Don Purloyningo at the receipt of these woeful letters, having an extraordinary tender care over them, as being of one stock and kindred, hath first invented a course for their transportation and conveyance into his Territories and Dominions, considering how they are likely to decrease, and their trade like to fail, through the proditions and betrayings of the people which are contrary to them, and of another sex, hath appointed them a place, set and being in the plant Country of Theuingen near Knaues-borough plain, for their more quiet and peaceable living: which place, and whose manners I think good to describe, being that it was never heard of, until of late* daies; to the intent that such as shall by Don Purloyningo his Patent, haue right and title there, 
By M. I.H.  in the onfines of the same land, may make a preparado to haue passage when the wind shall sit faire for that place and voyage.   

The description of the state and situation of Theuingen, with the nature and disposition of the people there INHABITING.  
THe land of Theuingen is a country bordering vpon the famous and thrice renowned city 
Signifying a close& strong place to keep Treasure in.  Gazaphilatium: it is a country vast, full of deserts and thick woods: and although the land be mightily replenished with al sorts of nations and people, yet is it turned to no use at al, neither for pasture nor arable, but only améere wilderness, it hath been a country inhabited from the beginning, although not discovered so plainly heretofore as of late daies; people from all Countries daily resort and flock thither for case and quietness, as the Proditorians, Curtatoriences, Vacabundi Piratorij, Iesuites, Seminacies, and generally all of the Popes Sectaries, all murderers, outlaws and fugitives, Banckrouts and Brokers to the divels grace, parasites, day sléepers, and generally all that haue fought in defence of Lecheritania: These are naturally given and inclined to idleness and lazy lives, insomuch that it cometh to pass, that being hungry they will steal one from another, and often cut one anothers throats: They never take pains for any thing they haue, and yet they haue all things without money. Their beer is of that force, and so mighty, that it serveth them in stead of meate, drink, fire, and apparel, which they learn of their neighbour Drinktalians to brew: And they haue the praise above all other, far beyond the Darbalians, the Labourinvaynalians or the Pymlyconians.  

The City Gazaphilacium.  Close vpon this country East-ward, is situate a goodly, faire, and most rich city, called, as I said before Gazaphilacium: this city is very strongly defenced, for it is environed about with a wall of silver beaten out with the hammer; and yet for all this, the Inhabitants are very covetous, and fearful to lose that which they haue got together. And for that it is so rich and opulent; all the whole world are daily plotting how to supprize the same, sometimes with policy, and sometimes by force: but above all the rest, they are troubled and pestered with the Theuengers that they are forced day and night to keep continual watch and yet for all that, do what they can, they are so peeled and robbed by them, vpon the Sea Coasts called mere Discontentaneum, that often times they are driven into great ecstasies and perplexities.  

The people Melancholy.  These are altogether bent to Malancholy, and given much to be malcontent, for that the Sea mere Discontentaneum floweth often over the banks of this country at every full moon; as also because this land being full of Créekes and small Riuers, which run out and in this Sea, and the Inhabitants using to live thereof; having little or no other water for their sustenance and contentation, doth so work within their bodies, such a distemperature, that thereof proceedeth a marvelous lumpishnesse and melancholy blockishness in their wills and dispositions, some to cruel murders, others to plot Treasons, some to burn houses, and others to run mad for reuenge; so that the Inhabitants round about them are wonderfully plagued with them, as the 
Not so much with the recited misdemeanours, as in cozening and deceiving them of Victuals, and beer, which by long running on the Score, often is seen.  Eatealians, the 
Not so much with the recited misdemeanours, as in cozening and deceiving them of Victuals, and beer, which by long running on the Score, often is seen.  Drunkalians, 
Making faire promises but no deeds.  Lecheritanians, and especially the Foolianders, who oftentimes are cozened and cheated of so much silver and riches in an hour, as they haue been gathering and raking together in ten yeares before.  
They are of a strange Religion, for they fear neither God nor the devil: their first father was 
Which is as much to say, the remembrance of our great Grandfather cain who was a runagate, for killing his brother Abel.  cain, from whence proceeded the race of Runagates, for after that cain had murdered his brother, I suppose he ran away out of his native country into this new found land to hid himself, wherein he lived some few years& died, whose posterity from age to age haue possessed the same. And at this day there is a monument, called in times past Canabels 
Now called Canabello quafi, Can and a bel: Because Cans with bells are there altogether used, such a one is in Hounsdich with us, but it is a Polony show with a Bel, that will not be left for ten pound, because he hath it by inheritance: But Ingle-bels at the vpper end of Whit-crosse-street, comes very near this country fashion.  pyramids; to blot out the remembrance of which, they haue invented long cans and ston pots, in form of that monument, still retaining she form, but altering the matter or substance.  
They haue an imperial seat of black and brittle substance, and therefore subject to mouldering, as fast therfore as that consumes away, there are workmen daily appointed to maintain and repair the same: there are 7. 
Subperbranes.  wise Mast. of his council, the wisest whereof once in four& twenty houres, declares himself openly a notorious fool by custom: all their council plotting and devising is to surprise that goodly city Gazaphilatium: their minds are as brave as Caesars, for their wils must stand for laws: they are possessed with a very humorous disposition of flattery, for they will look you in the face smilingly, and in the mean time pick your pocket: And for their apparel they are so fantastic, that to day they will go in a suit of satin, and to morrow in tottered rags, to day a pound, and to morrow nere a penny.  

Their Language.  They haue a language among themselves, composed of omnium gatherum; a glimering whereof one of late daies hath endeavoured to manifest, as far as his author is pleased to be an intelligencer; The substance whereof, he leaveth for those that will dilate thereof, enough for him to haue the praise, other the pains, notwithstanding Harmans ghost continually clogging his conscience with Sic vos non vobis.  
Vpon their banners they display an owl in an Iuy tree with this Motto proceeding out of his mouth, desertis desertus. Their houses are made cursary like our Coaches with four wheels that may be drawn from place to place, for they continue not long in a place: and although this country be their own by inheritance, yet now it is peopled and inhabited by the Eatealians, Drunkalians, and people of other nations, who do dwell and haue increased marvelously since the late discovery of this country by Master I.H. Yea sometimes like to the snail they carry their houses about them, 
The fashion of their Houses.  like good husbands which are made and tempered of such fine stuff, that when they are hungry they may feed thereof; insomuch oftentimes it comes to pass, that hauingeaten up their lodging, they are fain to lye in the strubble for want of featherbeds.  
They above all other people observe that ancient command: Care not for to morrow, for to morrow will care for itself; imitating the men of the old world, who taking vpon them the habit of pilgrims and friars, earry neither wallet nor scripp, nor yet oftentimes any money in their purses.  

Knaues-borow plain.  In a large and spacious plain called Knaues-borough plain, doth Don-Purloyningo keep his Court, which many men of sundry nations and trades haue desired to see and to behold; who when they haue had their desire, and remained but some small time there, haue so fashioned themselves to the manners and conditions of those people, that many haue from thenceforth turned Turks, smelled of the country, and savoured of their detestable and vicious kind of life all their daies after: and most of your travelers hitherto are your vain and curious Taylors, Myliners, Tyrewoman, Semsters, S. Martin observants, Shuttle-cocke and Farthingal makers, and twenty other occupations, who to fill the world full of vanities and toys, care not whither they travell, so they may find out new fashions and fooleries to cousen and deceive the whole country again.  

Diuers villages▪  In this plain are situate diuers petty villages and hamlets, as Filchington, Foystham, Nymington, Liftington, Swearinghampton, the great and the little. These towns at first were made to entertain and lodge all such travelers as came to see that ancient seat of Don-Purloyningo, who were so name, as the Pharoes in Egypt, the Ptolomeys in Gréece, the Cesars in Rome. Now people strangers finding the country very pleasant to inhabit, take up their abode and content themselves there to live and die. The end of their travell is not so much for curiosity, necessity or pleasure, as for their experience and learning: The ready high way to this palace; and the chief places of abode and lodging in this journey, I will briefly set down as fitting most directly for the Latitude of great britain, and generally for the whole world.  
The first day then that they leave their own native country,& begin to enter the Dominions of Don-Purloyningo, they pass along a very faire meadow, passing pleasant to the eye, which is in the confines and uttermost part of Foolania the less: but after half a daies journey, they come to bogs and quagmyres, much like to them in Ireland, of which unless they be very careful, they may quickly slip up over head and ears in mire.  

The first daies journey.  having past the pikes of the first daies danger, they enter into a goodly faire palace, but inhabited by few, having this superscription over the gates, A Ethiopen lauas, whereupon our English travelers call it the Labour-in-Vaine: here many at the first are purposed to remain and abide: but seeing the place very spacious and without any Inhabitants, and used onely as a Tap-house for travelers, they take it for their lodging the first night, and away they hast in the morning forward on their journey.  
The second day after three or four mile, they ascend very high and craggy Mountaines, 
The second dayes journey  far passing the Clée or Mauluern hills in Wales, where when they come down again, at the foot of these hills standeth yet at this day, the Image of the Vicar of Saint fools, to which every passenger before he can pass, must offer vpon his knees for his pass and safe conduct through the Country of Foolania the great( Thirty board).  
In the middle of this country is built a very faire city called ( Vanita) beautiful to the eye, but of no permanence, for it is built after such a slight manner, 
The City Vanita.  that they are fain to re-edify their houses, walls, and Temples every year a new: This city is governed by a woman called Madona Instabilita, 
Madona Instabita. Noting the seven deadly sins.  sitting vpon an imperial Throne, far excellent beyond the seat of Rome, she wears vpon her head seven imperial Diadems: she is of that power and command, that she makes the proud Pope to be at her obeisance: yea and so rules in his Dominions that his land is altogether governed by her and her council.  
Their city walls seem to be made of changeable fifty, their houses of painted papers, of sundry cullours; they are busied all day about nothing but inventing of new fashions, of Tires, garments, behaviours, 
The cities description,& the fashions of the people there.  speeches, words, and oaths: In their apparel fantastical; their hats sometime of the Italian block, another while of the French, and another time of the Spanish: their doublets with great bellies with the Duchmen, and small skirts; sometimes with small skirts, and grieves seamed, and quartered, as if they were to put on armor of proof, to fight under the bloody ensign of the Duke of Shordich: their hose sometimes Spanish, like to Ship mens hose, and sometimes close to the buttock like the Venetian galligascoigne: Lord, it would ask a whole ream of paper to describe their fashions; It were tedious likewise to speak of the variety of their shoes, and of their Shooe-strings, Garters, cuffs, ruffs, Hat-bands, and all things they wear, not one month, nay scarce a week do they continue in one fashion: for their lives they are dissolute in behaviour, Apish, doggish, and Swinish, according to the disposition of their bodies, flattering in speech, deceitful in words, and in oaths not a divell can surpass them: In all sin they abound, because with them they haue a toleration, like to Rome, Omnia Venalia Romae. Our gallants in England come most near them in fashions and behaviour: too near them, more is the pity. Through this city thou maiest pass along, but see thou tarry not long there, onely mark them and their fashions, as superficially as thou art able, least too much desiring their company, thou art forced in the end to cry out thus: O pain thou art compaine too nigh.  

The Fountain Tribulamenti Fons.  Among the rest, this is to be noted, that in the midst of this City there issueth out of the earth, a spring in great abundance, which is walled about with Marble, and serveth the Inhabitants to bathe and wash themselves, much like to our baths here in Europe, onely it is of another operation: The people there call this bath Tribulamenti fons;& it runneth from thence with a swift course along the fields and ways with a thousand turnings and wyndings, until it come to a steep promontory, that ouerlooketh all the country of Theuingen, Lecheritania, and the rest, and there maketh so great and violent a fall, that it spreadeth itself, and runneth round about the Countries by diuers small créekes and Riuers, where meeting with other small Springs of the same nature, run altogether, as by one consent into the Sea called mere Discontentaneum.  

The third dayes journey.  leaving this City as well as you can, you pass a whole day along towards Theuingen, crossing this river twenty times over straight and narrow bridges, until you come to this steep and high mountain before spoken of: vpon the edge whereof, dwelleth an old Hermit called father Aduisall, a man aged and of long continuance, and therefore well experienced in the world: a hater of flattery, and a lover of truth. As soon as you come to that place, this new well-willer of yours will strait be in hand with you to know from whence you came, whither you mean to go in so dangerous a place, and in mere love and pitty will be inquisitive how you durst travell without a warrant from the Magistrate of your country, persuading you by all means, to return back, and not venture your life in so dangerous a country as that is, telling you that few return back the same men they were, when they first entred that land, but that some return maimed and lame, others sick of one disease or other, and others of frenzy and madness, so contaminat a place, so loathsome the manners, so despised a country, that a man unless he were half besides himself would never once desire to behold that place. Thus, and to this effect will he speak, and many good persuasions will this good old man use, and many motives he will urge you with to retire, but all in vain, for when men feel the reins of liberty on their necks, and may take a course without controlment, such, whose lust is law, and whose will must not be controlled for a world, little regarding all wise admonitions or sayings of the aged, do with the untamed Colt, and fat fed steed, let fly their heels into the air, 
Dictis tamen ille repugnat▪ Propositumque petit Flagratque cupidine currus.  and with the extravagant and erring libertine run headlong into a thousand eminent dangers: then when the black Ore hath trod vpon their feet, and haue been well beaten with their own rod, in the end they come home by weeping cross, and cry Pecaui, when their ambitious conceits gains them nought but this, to comfort them in their destruction, that when by their aspiring brain, they haue procured their own overthrow: 
Hic situs est Phaeton currus auriga pattern: Quem si non tenuit, magnis tamen excidit ausis.  men may say after their deaths, this fellow carried a brave mind and shot at mighty matters.  
But to return, leaving father Aduisall with his good aduise behind, and following 'vice now before you, you must down this hill( you need no help down) at the bottom whereof, you shall be at a trice. And albeit it be ten dayes journey up, yet so is the stéepnes thereof, that you shall be conveyed to the bottom in half an hour: at the foot of this mountain are two great port ways, the one on the right hand, 
Two port ways.  leading to the countries of Lecheritania, Drunkalia and Eatealia, and the other on the left hand, leading toward Theuingen and the neighbour Countries thereabout. To leave the right hand way for such as haue traveled thither to discourse on, 
Temple of Venus and her picture.  we will take our journey toward Don Purloyningoes palace: this onely by the way; about ten miles from the foot of this hill in Lecheritania standeth the Temple of Venus, and there is the goodly picture of Venus framed of silver, naked in her Chariot, drawn by two tens and two doves, her head bound with myrtle leaves, a burning star on her breast, a Globe representing the earth in her right hand, and three golden apple in her left, behind her were the three Graces back to back, hand in hand, and apple in their hands: not far off that place, is likewise to be seen the story of Venus her original, lively painted out, how Saturne deprived his father Caelus, of those partes which were fittest for generation, and throwing them into the Sea by wonderful power, La. Venus was made, the blood whereof falling short, sell into the land of Theningen. which country we are now about; of which sprang fierce, hote, and cruel people, with which at this day the land is mightily replenished and pestered.  

The original of these peopple.  Concerning the original and beginning of these people, Historiographers do differ and disagree: lo Hebreus out of the ancient Poet Pronapides, reports that Demogorgon perceived that a dangerous and pernicious tumult was breeding in the bowels of Chaos: wherefore of very love and pity, he stretched out his hand and opened her womb, whence presently issued forth a most deformed issue called Litigium, which no sooner appeared but presently it bread brabbles, and made such a foul stir, that it waxed proud, and strove so mount up to heaven: but Demogorgon soreséeing what would ensue, threw him down with his neck forward into this country.  
But others more likely, report that they came of Neptune and Iphimedea, which very well may be, for Neptunes brood is furious and unruly, by reason of the superabundant store of unbridled humors, and Iphimedea is nothing else but an obstinate and selfe-wil'd conceit, and desire; grounded in the mind, and not removable: such are your idle vagabonds, that after war will betake themselves to no honest course of life to live in, but bee robbers by the high ways, cousoners and cony-catchers, that live by their wits, and will not betake them to honest trades, but especially seditious& rebellious subiects in a Common-wealth, schismatical and heretical seducers in the Church, as Brownists, Papists, Iesuites and such like. And for this cause as there was a school erected for villains in times past called Cacademica Lycaon, so called because he was the first that did violate the laws of truce, and league, by killing and sacrificing unto jupiter a certain hostrage, sent from the Molessi, whereof came the fable, that he set mans flesh before. jupiter, to try whether he were a God or no: So the Pope now hath erected another, because this was not large enough called ( Sattani Senatus) wherein is taught the arte of stabbing, poisoning, betraying, perjury, treason in all degrees, blowing up and consuming by Gun-powder, Wichcraft and Sorcery, Sodemytry and buggery, torments for innocents. And in truth for the archieuing and bringing to pass of all mischief: so that now if any be so minded to murder his Prince, Father or Mother, friend, wife or any else, he shalbe here protected, holpen backed, encouraged, and pardons granted for them and their children for ever.  

The fourth dayes journey fearful sights and Monsters.  After a daies journey, you shall come into deserts and solitary woods, wherein you shall see very strange and fearful sights, and apparitions: there will appear to you monsters that haue faces and bodies comelylike to women, ready to 'allure and entice you with them, but their lower partes are ugly and deformed, having vpon their hands and feet sharp clasping claws, that if they once grasp you, you shall hardly escape their clutches. And if they seize on you, they will bring you out of the way, through distraught and sear, until you meet another company more horrid and terrible: Their hair all of crawling snakes, their garments down to the heels, close gird with a snaky girdle, serpents in the one hand and firebrands in the other, their eyes, face, and teeth portending malice and vengeance. these are the ministers of death, they dwell in dark dens thereabout, their office is to bring such passengers as travell that way to a most unspeakable horryd den, out of which procéedes so noisome an exhalation, that birds as they fly over the same are poisoned with the very breath and ayze thereof. 
Auernus▪  This is that place which in the old world was called Auernus, round about which, and at the entrance of which cave, virgil 6. Aenead. placeth a rabblement, as woe, vengeance, wrath, sickness, old age, fear, famine, penury, death, labour, sleep, war, discord and such like: in the midst of this cave, is seated an imperial throne, whereon sits the black Prince with a crown on his head, a sceptre in his hand, and his great dog Cerberus between his feet, fawning on those that to leave this way, if thou be wise, take heed of the first insinuating flatterers, leave their pretended friendship and keep on thy way.  
In this Country nothing is worthy of praise or commendation, for in all this solitary traveling, you shall find no comfort, but the skriching of owls, croaking of Ratiens, and such vncoth and baleful echoes, the best part of your food will be herb Rue, a bitter herb to feed on: but after when you haue better looked into your lives and carriages, you will call it herb-grace, your drink is altogether of the water of that country, called throughout Aqua discontentanea.  

The fift dayes journey.  After two or three daies thus traveling, you shall come into a faire plain, called Knaues-borough plain, wherein Don Purloyningo keeps his Court; you shall at the first be made very welcome, yet so that they will narrowly spy into your carriage and behaviour: And although they pretend never so great love and friendship unto you, yet will they not stick to cousen and deceive you if they can, of all you haue.  
And thus much for the description of the state and situation of Theuingen, with the nature and disposition of the people there inhabiting. And now to give over this tedious journey, you shall hear the protection of Don Purloyningo, sent to corporal Fize, chief commander of Rogues, and his assistants. The Copy whereof is as followeth.   

The copy of the Commission and grant, sent from Don Purloyningo to corporal Fize and his Assistants.  
I Don Purloyningo, great Commander over the province of Theuingen, haue received diuers woeful and pitiful letters from sundry nations and people, but especially from those under the government of Corporal Fize, chief commander of the poor persecuted Pilgrims in Europe, wherein they lay open to me their woeful sorrows, vexations, and troubles that they endure by sundry persons, in sundry places where they abide. Now forasmuch as it is not onely a Charity, to redress their foresaid griefs, by sending for them into a country where they shall be at quiet and hearts ease, but also a pleasure to people of better fashion, that cannot by any means digest their idle and untoward lives, which may prove hurtful both to King and people: Be it therefore known, that I haue granted to all persons whatsoever, that will take the benefit of this my Grant and Commission, free leave and licence to come and inhabit within my country of Theuingen, and the profits of my land, to use and enjoy as freely without contradiction, as if they were there bread and born.  
Now for the more speedy execution of the same, we command all sailors as well within our jurisdiction, as without, that they make present search for all old boats, hoys, ships and barks, which haue long restend to be ready for this voyage; and that all things be in a readiness, to the end that when they are in a good mind, they may be gone, that never after any good land be troubled and cumbered with so filthy and noisome a people.  
And that all Carmen, Cochmen, and Carters haue their charge in a readiness at a day, that they may bee carried in pomp to the water sides: and that all Trumpeters, Bagpipers, fiddlers and Drummers be ready with their music to bring them onward of their journey. moreover we command all jailers to open their prison doors, and let them all out that mean to see my Dominions, and that never hereafter they once suffer any to come within their hold or jurisdiction: and further vpon their departure we will all inventions for punishments appointed for the torturing of such persons be immediately pulled down, cut in pieces, and be made in Bon-fires, for ioy that the land is disburdened of so loathsome a people.  
And further we expressly command that the sailors and mariners( because we know them to be hasty and surly) to use them kindly, and not by any means to cross them, least they take snuff in the nose, and so fall together by the ears: for they being very choleric( as we haue heard) are subject to disagréeing.  
And that at their arrival, they be presently placed every one according to his degree, and that with quietness they receive the profits of my land, without the let of those, that haue been dead five hundred yeares before.  
Further that no man mock or delude them, or so much as bid them farewell, for fear that a little familiarity cause them to haue a desire to remain and tarry rather then to walk: but let them haue quiet passing, because they go to a land better for their turns, for they desire only ease, which there they shall haue, if once they can arrive and get to the borders thereof.  
These our Letters and Commission now at your request granted, our desire is, that you may do well, if otherwise betide you then well, look to yourselves, and use your own discretions; and so fare you well.  
At this news the whole fraternity of Vagabonds whooted for ioy, as glad at the heart to think what a swaggering and dominéering they should keep in this new foundland, and wherein they made account to be young Lords and Masters: so that the poor honest bellman had licence without any controlment or contradiction to depart: and if he would spit out any more his malice against them, let him spit till he were dry for them, for they would little regard what he did, and cared not two chips, because they were determined to travell, and meant to be out of the walks and dangers of the honest.  
Now Gentlemen( by my troth) I could find in my heart to haue spent a bottle of Ale, that you had been there with me, to haue seen the concourse of these caterpillars, and heard the confused noise of these cozening Crack-ropes, singing, hollowing and whooping, dancing and whistling: at this time there you should haue seen one that had been lame near forty yeares, and gone on his Crowches fifteen to my knowledge, throw away his stilts, and dance the round morris: there another that puts on a foul cloth on his head counterfeiting the falling-sickness, throw it away in a corner, and falls to swagger with his doxy: here another with pitiful sore legs and arms to see to, can now leap and wrestle as well as the best, and diuers with scalde pates and other diseases going before double in the streets, to cause and move pitty, can now for ioy stand on their heads, fetch friskes about the house, pull one another by the ears: and indeed what did they not do? none could perceive but that they were all youthful and lusty.  

Hoist up sailors, the drummers and pipers are at hand, lay planks, make ready, they come, they come: A jolly crew, God sand they want no shipping: A faire company I promise you, when they are all gone, we shal haue corn good cheap, Ware your purses hoe,  All took all pleasure, and all for ioy to be sailing.  
Suppose now by this the greatest part of them are sailing on the black Sea, what will become of them, how they arrived, how entertained by the Inhabitants there, and of their prosperous voyage, you shall hear at the next boat-post. In the mean time, because the bellman entreateth any that is more rich in canting, to lend him better or more with variety, he will repay his love double: I haue thought good not only to show his error in some places in setting down old words used forty years ago before he was born; for words that are used in these dayes( although he is bold to call me an usurper( for so he doth in his last round) and not able to maintain the title) But haue enlarged his Dictionary( or Master Harmans) with such words as I think he never heard of( and yet in use too) but not out of vain glory, as his ambition is, but indeed as an experienced soldier that hath dearly paid for it: and therefore it shall be honour good enough for him( if not too good) to come up with the rear( I do but shoot your own arrow back again) and not to haue the leading of the Van as he means to do, although small credite in the end will redound to eysher.  
You shall know the words not set in either his Dictionaries by this mark§: and for showing the error in his words, and true englishing of the same and other, this mark¶ shall serve.  


§ Abram mad.  
§ He mands Abram. he begs as a mad man.  
Autem the Church.  
Autem mort, a married woman.  
¶ Bung is now used for a pocket, heretofore for a purse.  
board a shilling.  
half a board, fixepence.  
Bowse drink.  
bousing ken, an Ale-house  
Ben good.  
Benship very good.  
Buffa a dog.  
Bing a wast, get you kence.  
§ Budge a beak, run away.  
§ A Bite, secreta() mulierum.  
Caster a clock.  
§ Crackmans the hedge.  
commission a shirt.  
§ To castle, to see or look.  
§ A room Cuttle, a sword.  
§ A Cuttle bung, a knife to cut a purse.  
§ Chepemans, cheapside market.  
To Cut, to tell or call.  
¶ Cut me ben whids, tell me truth.  
¶ To Cut choir whids, to lye.  
Crashing cheats, apple.  
¶ Chates, the gallows: here he mistakes both the simplo word, because he so found it printed, not knowing the true controversial thereof, and also in the compound; as for Chates it should be cheats, which word is used generally for things, as Tip me that cheat, give me that thing: so that if you will make a word for the gallows, you must put thereto this word Treyning, which signifies hanging; and so Treyning cheat is as much to say, hanging things, or the gallows, and not Chates.  
cove a man.  
¶ Cowch a Hogshead, to lye down and sleep: this phrase is like an Alminacke that is out of date: now the duch word to slope is with them used, to sleep, and liggen to lye down.  
§ Crancke, the falling sickness: and thereupon your Rogues that counterfeit the falling sickness, are called counterfeit Crancks.  
To Cly the Iarke, to be whipped.  
Drawers Hosen.  
Dudes Clothes.  
Darkemans the night.  
Dewsauell the country.  
Dup the gigger, open the door.  
§ Afflicke a thief.  
Fambles hands.  
Fambling cheats, Kings.  
§ Famblers, a pair of gloves.  
§ To Filch, to beate.  
§ A Filchman, a cudgel or staff.  
Flag, a groat.  
§ To Fence properly, to sell any thing that is stolen.  
§ To foist, to pick a pocket.  
§ A Feager of Loges one that beggeth with counterfeit writings.  
glaziers, eyes.  
§ Greenemans the fields.  
'gan a mouth.  
gauge a quart pot.  
Granam corn.  
Glymmer Fire.  
Gigger a door.  
§ Gilkes for the gigger, false keys for the door or pick-lockes.  
§ Gracemans, gracious street market.  
Gentry mort, a Gentlewoman.  
Gentry Cous ken, a Gentlemans house.  
Harman beck the Constable.  
Harmons the stocks.  
§ Iockam a mans yard.  
§ Ian a purse.  
§ Iere a Turd.  
Ken an house.  
Stawling ken, a house to receive stolen goods, or a dwelling house.  
§ Lugges ears.  
lag of dudes, a buck of clothes.  
§ Loges a pass or warrant.  
§ A Feager of loges, one that beggeth with false passes.  
Lybbeg a bed.  
Lower money.  
Lybkin a house to lodge people.  
lag water or piss.  
Lightmans the day.  
mint gold.  
The Muggill, the Beadle.  
Make an halfpenny.  
Maunding begging.  
§ What maund do you break, what kind of begging use you?  
§ Ile mill your maund, Ile spoil your begging.  
§ To nip a Ian, to cut a purse.  
§ Nab a head.  
§ Nab cheat an hat.  
§ Numans Newgate market.  
¶ Nigling, company keeping with a woman: this word is not used now, but wapping, and thereof comes the name wapping morts neighbours.  
Prat a buttock.  
§ Your prat whids Romely, you fart lustily.  
¶ peck meate, peck is not meate but peckage, peck is taken to eat or bite: as the Buffa pecks me by the stamps, the dog bites me by the shins.  
Ruff perk Bacon.  
§ Peckage meat or Scroofe scraps.  
§ To Plant to hid.  
§ Stow your whids and plant  
§ The cove of the ken can kant.  
Prauncer an horse.  
Prigging riding.  
Patrico a Priest.  
Pad a Way.  
§ Padder an high-way robber or purse taker.  
§ choir, this word is always taken in il sense for nought  
§ choir ken a prison house.  
§ choir bowse bad drink.  
§ What a choir whidding keep you, what a scolding keep you?  
Quarroms the body, or arms, or back.  
room vile a great town, commonly taken for London.  
room bowse wine: this word is always taken in the best sense, to show a thing extraordinary or excellent.  
§ room bowsin ken, a tavern.  
room mort a queen or Gentlewoman, and so room cove a Gentleman.  
¶ Ruffmans, not the hedge or bushes as heretofore: but now the eauesing of houses or roofs: Cragmans is now used for the hedge.  
Ruffian the divell.  
§ Scrappes, fat and glorious bittes: sound blows and bangings.  
§ The muggill will tip you fat scraps and glorious bits, the Beadle will well bumbast you.  
stamps legs.  
Stampers shoes.  
state a sheet.  
Scew a cup or glass, a Dish or any thing to drink in.  
Skipper a barn.  
¶ Salomon the mass: Now when many do press the poor rogues so earnestly to swear by the Salomon, do not blame them though they refuse it; for although you know not what it means, yet they very well know: Many men I haue heard take this word solomon to be the chief commander among the beggars; but to put them out of doubt, this is not he: mary there was one Solomon in K. HENRY the eights time that was a jolly fellow among them, who kept his Court most an end at fox Hall at the vpper end of Lam beth( if it be true as their Records make mention) who was successor to cock laurel: of him and his successors much is to bee spoken if licence may be granted, and of whose Ruannagate race I could frame a whole treatise: but here enough.  
§ A slander, he that stands sentinel vpon the Pad or highway to rob.  
Stromell the straw.  
§ Spreader butter.  
¶ Smellar a garden, not Smelling cheat, for thats a Nosegay.  
§ Treyning hanging.  
§ Treyning cheat the gallows.  
§ To tip to give.  
§ Tip a make ben room cove, give a halfpenny good Gentleman.  
To tower or castle to see.  
§ To whid to speak.  
§ A win a penny.  
§ Whittington Newgate.  
Yarrim pottage or milk.    
And thus haue I run over the Canters Dictionary, to speak more at large, would ask more time then I haue allotted me, yet in this short time that I haue, I mean to sing song for song with the bellman, ere I wholly leave him.  


1. Canyzon.  tower out ben morts& tower,  
look out ben morts& tower,  
For al the room coves are budgd a beak,  
And the choir coves tip the lower.   

The choir coves are budgd to the bousing ken,  
As Romely as a ball,  
But if we be spid we shall be clyd,  
And carried to the quirken hall.   

Out budgd the cove of the Ken,  
With a ben filtch in his quarr'me  
That did the prigg good to bingd in the Risome,  
To tower the cove budge alar'me.   
But now I will show you what I heard at Knock-vergos, drinking there a pot of English Ale, two Maunders born and bread up rogues wooing in their native language.  


2. Canyzon.  O Ben mort wilt thou pad with me,  
One ben siate shall serve both thee& me,  
My Caster and commission shall serve us both to maund,  
My bong, my lower& fambling cheat  
Shall be at thy command.   

O Ben cove that may not be,  
For thou hast an Autem mort who ever that is she,  
If that she were dead& bingd to his long Libb,  
Then would I pad and maund with thee,  
And wap and for thee fibb.   

O ben mort Castle out& tower,  
Where all the room coves slopne that we may tip the lower,  
When we haue tipped the lower& fenc't away the duds  
Then binge we to the bousing ken,  
Thats cut the Robin Hood.   

But O ben cove what if we be clyd,  
Long we cannot foist& nip at last we shal be spied,  
If that we be spied, O then begins our woe,  
With the Harman beak out and alas,  
To Whittington we go.   

Stow your whids& plant, and whid no more of that,  
budge a beak the Crackmans& tip lowr with thy prat  
If treyning thou dost fear, thou ner wilt foist a Ian,  
Then mill, and wap and treine for me,  
A gear perk in thy 'gan.   
As they were thus after a strange maner a wooing, in comes by chance a clapper dudgeon for a pint of Ale, who as soon as he was spied, they left off their roguish poetry, and fell to mock the poor maunder thus.  


3. Canyzon.  The Clapper dugeon lies in the skipper,  
He dares not come out for shane,  
But when he binges out he dus budge to the Gigger,  
Tipp in my skew good dame.   
And thus hath the Bel man through his pitiful ambition caused me to writ that I would not: And whereas he disclaims the name of Brother-hood, I here utterly renounce him& his fellowship, as not desirous to be resolved of any thing he professeth on this subject, knowing myself to be as fully instructed herein as ever he was. But hereof enough, if not more then enough: I mean now to show the original and beginning of these people, when they began to gather to an head, and how they first came up.   

The runagates Race, or the original of Regiment of Rogues, when they first began to take head, and how they haue succeeded one the other successively, until about the six and twentieth year of King HENRY the eight, collected out of the Legend of LOSSELS.  
AT what time King Henry the sixth of famous memory bare rule over the Britanes, there was one John Mendal( alias jack Cade) an Irish man, 
29. K.H. 6.  that name himself by the name of John Mortimer, cousen to the Duke of york, whereupon he gathering together a great company out of Kent, assured and persuaded them, that the enterprise he took in hand, was both honourable to God and the King, and profitable to the whole realm: the Kentish men moved with these persuasions and other faire promises, marched to black heath, where they lay for a month pilling the country round about.  
At the same time, which was about one thousand four hundred and fifty, two unruly fellowes( the one name Blewbeard, the other Hugh Roberts) which were lately come over from France, who had been souldiers under the Duke of Somerset and the earl of Shrewsbury in the winning and losing of Constance, Guysons, Roane and diuers other Cities in France: the which Blewbeard in a Commotion, shortly after he came over, being made their captain, 
Roberts the first Commander.  before he had attempted any thing at all, was taken and executed: But Roberts keeping in Kent, gathered a number of camels and Vagabonds together to the number of an hundred in that country, to whom likewise masterless men after they heard of his famed, came cluttering on heaps, so that he had in a short space to the number of five hundred followers.  
These sturdy Vagabonds joining with jack Mendall in this rebellion, march toward London, and enter southwark, and there lodged at the white heart for a night or two, prohibiting al from Rape, robbery and murder, the more to 'allure the hearts of the people to favour his enterprise. After, they come into London, and there they play Rex. and return back into southwark again, where, after many conflicts between them and the Citizens, the Kings pardon was proclaimed: at which hearing, the poor people were so glad, and so ready to receive it, that without bidding farewell to their Captaines, withdrew themselves every man towards his own home.  
jack Mendall despairing of succours, and fearing the reward of his lewd dealings, fled away into the woods. But Proclamation made, that whosoever could bring jack alive or dead to the King, should haue a thousand marks for his pains, was after slain by a Gentleman in Kent, and so brought to the King.  
But Roberts kept himself in the woods closely a long time after, although not with so great a company as he had before, and there lived by robbing and spoiling in the night, and kept themselves close in all the day. And thus by the space of a twelve month, they passed their time in villainy, robbing and spoiling the Country people of their poultry, pigs and other sustenance, wherewith they sustained themselves and their families. In which time he set down laws and customs to be kept and observed among them, and to keep them in awe and fashion, who are prove of themselves to live out of all rule and fashion.  

1 First he appointed that of every thing that they got, he had first the taking and leaving of the best thereof at his pleasure.  
2 That if any of their fellowes could not purchase any victuals or necessities for food that night, that then they should be in commons with the rest the day following.  
3 That no robbery or violence bee used vpon any man within four miles of the wood, or the place of their abode.  
4 That none be so hardy, as to run to the wood for succour or relief, after he hath perpetrated any thing, lest that hugh and cry follow, and so descry the whole company.   
Thus after a year and upward was spent by them in this sort, they broke up their camp, and Proclamation was made, to meet there in that place every three yeares for a memorial, if they then lived: In the meane time they spread themselves abroad in the country, some remaining there, others traveling North-ward, and join themselves with the Duke of york, and generally in all Commotions and rebellions. These in memory of there first acquaintance and love to their new found captain, called themselves by the name of Roberts-men, as the seruants of Hugh Roberts their commander.  
This Roberts lived roving up& down the country for the space of ten years: in which time he kept his Court daies as himself listed, and in which time there came to him diuers new followers, and as some decayed and died, some hanged& dead of the pox( for to that end they all come) so others succeeded in their places.  
In the first year of Edward the fourth, this Roberts in the warres against Henry the sixth in the North partes( who was deposed) was there slain, besides 36776. persons all Englishmen.  
Hereupon presently( their late captain now dead) all that were left alive of this company, hye themselves to their wonted place of meeting, where, by the general assent, they choose one ( jenkin Cowdiddle) to bee their ring-leader.  
This jenkin Cowdiddle was a man given much to swearing, drunkenness and lechery: 
jenkin Cowdiddle. 2.  he was never out of England as soldier or traveler, but from his first beginning he continued a wandring rogue, he was stout of stomach, audacious and fierce, he was known to all the damned crew for a boon companion, and therefore chosen as fittest for their captain: he first ordained, that none were so hardy as to haue the vndooing of a maid wanderer, or any thing to do with her, unless first she were brought to him to be broken up, or to some of his assigns, that could obtain the same of him by friendship or bribery.  
he commanded likewise that all beggars should spend all their gettings in the day past, 
A custom.  in good beer or Ale at night, or at the farthest by saturday night: and if any were found or known to haue above two pence half penny in his purse on monday morning, he should forfeit a dozen of beer, to any whatsoever of their company would challenge it. He exercised his command about ten yeares, until the time that the great rebellion and uproar was in the Western parts, as Summersetshire, Wilshire, Dorset-shire and cornwall, about the crowning of Prince Edw. son to K. H. 6. who had been all this while in France: and this fell out about the 11. year of Edw. 4. then this jenkin Cowdiddle accompanied with 300. tottered knaves, 
Edw. 4.11. year 1471.  joined in battle against the K. with the western men, in which battle at Teuxbury he was slain, and butted there with the rest of the dead bodies.  
The battle ended, these Robert-men( for so they were termed a long time after) hye them to their Kandauow, their usual and known place, 
Spising 3.  and there with the full consent of the whole company, They choose one Spysing to be his successor.  
And now when as the feast and solemnizing of this new made squire was newly ended, news was brought to this Spising, how that one Thomas Neuell son to Fankenbridge( who had been at Sea as a Pirate, and robbed diuers Merchants) was newly arrived in England, and got a great company of mariners out of all parts of the land, and many traytors and misgouerned people to follow him, whereunto as fitly for his turn this Spising accompanies and enters into league and familiarity, besides diuers also forth of other Countries that delighted in theft and robberies.  
And now his strength increased daily, for having been at calais, and brought from thence into Kent many evil disposed persons, he began to gather his power in that Country, meaning to attempt some great and wicked enterprise against King Edward and his kingdom, but his quarrel he pretended, was to haue King Henry the sixth out of the tower, and to restore him to his sceptre again. Thus accompanied with seuentéene thousand men, they marched into London by ships which lay between black wall and Redriffe: and then came Spising with his hand at Algate, who behaved themselves stoutly, that they wan the bulwark there, and drove the Citizens back within the Port cullis, and entred the gate with them to the number of a dozen; but some of them were slain with the fall of the Port cullis, that was let down vpon them to keep the residue out: but those that were within the walls was suddenly dispatched.  
To be short, at last the Bastard was vanquished and utterly despaired; for hearing the King coming with thirty thousand men, durst stay no longer, but broke up and dispersed themselves some one way, and some another. The Bastard with his Mariners and such rebels, robbers& wicked persons, as sought nothing but spoil, got them to Ship-board as fast as they could. Those that were left behind, and those of Spysings company lurked a day or two about the country secretly in woods, until they thought the coasts to be clear, and after met at their wonted place, where they, as merry as pot and can pass their time in villainy and robbery.  
This Spising was a man given to voluptuousness, pleasure, and delight in bousing and Venery: He ordered, that every one that professed himself a Wanderer, and taking vpon him the occupation of begging, shal be stauled to the order of rogues; that is, 
A custom.  he shall bee brought to the chief Commander then being, and there he shall show the cause of his going abroad, and what country man he is: which done, he pays a dozen of beer as a fine for his freedom and Instaulment, and so is permitted to live and die a rogue: but if he be born a rogue: that is, if his Grandfather were one, so that consequently he must be one also, such a one shall bee freely discharged from such enstaulement, as being made free by his fathers copy. This Spising about the first year of King Edward the fift, committed a robbery and murder( near High-gate in Middlesex) where after he fled and took sanctuary at Westminster, 
K. Edw. 5.3, 1483.  for these places in that time were wonderfully abused by wicked men: rablements of thieves, Murderers and Traytors would thither flock when they had achieved any villainy, unthrifts riot and run in debt vpon boldness of these places, rich men run thither with poor mens goods; there they build and there they spend, and bid their creditors go whistle, mens wives run thither with their husbands plate, and say they dare not abide with their husbands, for fear of beating: Theeues bring in thither their stolen goods, and there live vpon them until al is spent, and when nothing is left, they again in the night range abroad to seek other booties: there they devise new plots to rob and kill, and then to come in again at their pleasure: so those places did not only give them safeguard for their villainies, but a licence also to do more. Such a one was this Spysing for a year or two before he was hanged; for being taken the second time at Womburne in Stafford shire, for killing a man in a drunken humour, was presently apprehended, and carried to the goal, and after hanged all save the head: he Dominéered about eleven yeares.  
Not long after, when certain news was blazed abroad of their Captaines confusion, they choose a notable swaggering rogue called Puffing dick, to revel over them, 
Puffing dick the fourth.  who played revel rout with them indeed: in this Squire there were no villainies left unattempted, but he was still at the one end.  
He first gave terms to robbers by the high way, that such as rob on horseback were called high lawyers, 
2. Sorts of robbers by the way. The first sort.  and those who robbed on foot, he called Padders: the difference of these two sorts of villanes is this.  
The first sort are called Gent. robbers or thieves; and these ride on horses well appointed, and go in show like honest men: the other rob on fooke, and haue no other help but a pair of light heels and a thick wood, Concerning the first sort, that delight in the credite of a high Lawyer, that with their swords fréeboote abroad in the country like Cauileroes on horseback, are commonly such men, that either are younger brethren, who being brought up in idleness and game, when their friends are dead, do fall to this kind of life to maintain the main chance: others again being left well by their friends, having no government of themselves, but banqueting with Whores, and making late suppers, do greatly impoverish and beggar themselves: and when all is spent after this manner, and their money wasted like snow against the sun: they for their ultimum refugium, as forced to undertake this wretched and abhorred profession, robbing honest poor men, and taking all their money from them, yea and often more then is their own, to the utter undoing of their poor man, his wife and children for ever, who when they haue it, wast it as vainly as they wickedly purchased it. And others, that having been souldiers when they come from the warres, either by breaking up of the camp, or by running away from their colours to see their friends, or what way soever, cannot betake themselves to any honest trade of life, but loving to live in idleness, betake themselves to robbing and stealing, until they be taken and carried westward there to make their rehearsal.  
These fellowes first that they may not be known, bespeak and get such artificial beards and heads of hair, that although you ride, dine, and sup with them from day to day, you shall not be able to discern them, nor espy their falsehood. And in this practise all their villainy consists: for I haue heard and partly know a high-way lawyer rob a man in the morning, and hath dined with the martin or honest man so robbed the same day at an inn being not descried, nor yet once mistrusted or suspected for the robbery.  
Their knavery is on this manner; they haue always good geldings and trusty, which they can make Curtailes when they list, and again set too large tails, hanging to the fetlockes at their pleasure, yea and so artificially, that it shall not be perceived or spied of the Ostler that dresseth them: besides they haue cloaks Tormosant, as they call them, made with two out-sides, that wear them howsoever the right side will bee always outward: now their artificial beards and heads of hair withall, will make them seem to dance in a net a long time ere they be espied. Now how easy it is for them to escape all dangers, all Hues and Cries, it may easily be perceived, for the complexion of the man, and his beard, the garments that he wears, and the making of his horse, three things which are the especial marks whereby notice is taken to make enquiry: which being changed and altered, they may escape as safely as they did the robbery.  
The other sort of robbers, that having no means to relieve them, in stead of swift courses to eschew danger, fly away vpon their trusty tenn-toes into woods and close places, there to continue until Hue and cry bee past: these fellows we are counterfeit beards and heads of hair, as the other sort do, using not many words, but Stand and deliver: some will haue cursed and man kind Masties following them, to further and help them in this enterprise: some under the name of the upright man or soldier as they go through towns, beg the charitable devotion of people, they will go also strongly with three or four in a company to a farm house, where oftentimes they are relieved more for fear then devotion: but when they can come in place where they may conveniently take a purse, it shall go hard but that they will either win the horse or loose the saddle▪ although their hardy adventure be paid home with a crack of the best joint they haue after.  

The first cousoner at dice.  But to return again to Puffing dick; this divell incarnate, as he was bold to attempt any wicked enterprise, so he wanted not wit first to lay the plot to achieve it, and to bring it to pass. He used first the cozenage at dice, and to invent for that purpose false dice, whereby he got much money. But as it was ill got, so was it as ill spent in all manner of 'vice that could bee name, wherein he excelled all before him: yet this by the way, it is reported of him, that he was free from murder, and commanded, that whosoever under his conduct, was so cruel as to murder any man or woman in the attempt of robbing them, should forthwith be discovered to be apprehended: he likewise ordered that all high lawyers, padders, Lifts, Foists, Cheaters or Cony-catchers, 
A custom.  shal not presume to purchase any lands or revenues, nor whord up their money to the hindrance of good fellowship, maintenance of good natured damsels, and impeachment of the fraternity: but that they shall hearty spend it, among good company and fellowes, such as themselves are, and as they came lightly by it, so lightly to let it fly: he was a man crafty and bold, yet he died miserable; for after he had commanded now fully eight years, he had the pining of the pox and neapolitan scurf. And here an end of Puffing dick.  

laurence Crosbiter 5. The first glister of crosbiting.  In his place was chosen by the consent of the rabblement, one not much inferior in 'vice to the former, but in regard of manhood a mere crauant, called laurence Crosbiter, or long laurence. This laurence had been brought up all his daies a Seruing-man, and now being about fifty or three score, at what time servingmen are past the best, and commonly grow lazy, was cast out of service, and so was fain to live among the wicked, sometimes a slander for the padder, sometimes a verser for the cony-cacher, sometimes a stale for a foist, but most commonly an Apple-squire for a trudging house: he first used that art which now is name Crosbiting, and from whose name, this damned art( Crosbiting) took her first call, as of laurence Crosbiter that first invented the same. The manner in brief is thus: Some base rogue without the fear of God or man, that keepeth a whore as a friend, or marries one to be his maintainer, consents or constrains those creatures to yield the use of their bodies to other men, that so taking them together, they may strip the lecher of all the money in his purse or that he can presently make.  
He commanded about six yeares, and then as he lived in filthiness, so was his end, for it was reported that his bowels were eaten out with the pox, whilst he was yet alive, so miserable was the end of this wretch.  
All these six yeares that this laurence lived in his controlment, he durst never be so hardy as once to aid Perken Warbeck, in the attempting of the crown: so slavish was his mind, and given to cowardice, for all the time that he bare rule among his companions, which was from 1491. until 1497. did Perkin Warbeck assay to win the kingdom, feigning himselue to bee the Duke of york, son to K. Edw. 4. deceased: to the bringing to pass of which devise, he assayed many ways, plotted diuers devises, and attempted mighty matters, and yet all in vain, for after almost six yeares( all which time he was busied about this enterprise) he was taken prisoner, after he had taken Sanctuary at Bewdly not far from Southampton.  
To set down the whole story of this Perkin Warbeck it would be long,& besides from the matter now in hand: but because the sequel of the story a little concerneth us, I will briefly run it over: and thus it was.  

Perkin Warbeck his pedigree.  He was a man base of stock, a Flemin by birth, and provoked to fain himself the son of K. Edward 4. by the duchess of Burgony, sister to King Edward 4.  
He first went into Ireland out of france, to entice the Irish to rebel, after called back by the French King to go against King Henry the seventh then invading france: after this he lands in Kent, purposing to prove the people, how they were affencted towards him: hereupon he sends some of his men out of the ships to know their minds: but they were suddenly taken by the sheriff of Kent, and railed in ropes like horses in Carts, were adiudged most to be hanged; but Perkin hoysts up his sails at these tidings, 
sails into Scotland and marries the Kings kinswoman. & away sails he again into Ireland, where he stays not long, being a place not sit for his turn, the people being poor& naked, he sails into Scotland, where after a smooth long Oration, to the King he is royally entertained by the said King: afterward the King to persuade the world the all was true, espouseth the La. Katharine, 
He goes against Engl.  daughter to Alexander earl of Huntley his nigh kinsman, to him: then go they both against England, wasting all Northumberland,& committing many outrages and enormities: 
Retyres.  but when they saw no aid to come from England they retire; after Perkin( vpon the truce between England and Scotland) with his wife sail into Ireland again: 
After into cornwall.  from thence cuts over into cornwall, where he gathered to him above 3000. persons, all promising him to take his part, and follow him till death.  

His three Councellors.  First then by the aduise of his councillors, John Heron Mercer, a bankrupt, Richard Skelton a tailor, and John Asteley a scrivener, they assay the winning of Exeter, where for lack of Munition for war, and Ordnance to break open the Gates, they endeavoured by casting of stones, 
They assay to win Exet.  lifting with Iron bars, and kindling of fires under the Gates, to bring to pass their purpose: much a do there was here about this enterprise: But when he heard the King coming with his power, he reproves to Taunton, and the King after him: 
He takes Sanctuary at Bewdley.  upon this he flies to Bewdley, and there takes Sanctuary, but after péeldes himself to the mercy of the King, who being delivered to the Kings Guard carefully to be kept, notwithstanding escapeth, and thought to get over into Flanders: but the Sea coasts being all laid that he could not pass, he was in a great perplexity, came back to the Prior of sheen besides Richmond, and there entreats the Prior, even for Gods sake to beg his life of the King: The K. at the request of the Prior pardonned him, but was set in the stocks at Westminst. hall door a whole day,& so like wise that next day was he set on a Scaffold at the Standard in Cheapside, with many mocks& settlings cast against him: being now in hold again by false persuasions and great promises corrupted his kéepers, and would haue fled away, but his purposes being known, 
Executed at tyburn.  he was at last apprehended, taken, and executed at tyburn, he and his kéepers. And this is the end of Perkin warbeck: laurence Crosbiter now dead, and Perkin Warbecke, with two of his Councellors Hearne and Asteley, fled to Sanctuary: it booted not the company to stay there, 
1497.  but their chief leaders fled, every one threw away his armor as people amazed, and betake themselves to their heels: among the rest Skelton a notable knave, one of Perkins Councellors before mentioned, 
H. 7.13.  being well known among the Rascalitie, was lead to the wonted place of meeting, and there solemnly was stawled a rogue, and made their general.  
This Skelton was sometimes a tailor in Taunton in somerset shire, 
Skelton 6.  who being blown down with an unfortunate blast, was forced and ready for any Commotion or rebellion: he was of a proud and haughty disposition: he lived in this new government until about the fourth year of King Henry the right, which was in the year 1501.  
This fellow among other decrees and orders confirmed this: That if any one using the necessary help of his crutches( although indeed he hath not any need or use of them, 
A custom.  but onely to deceive people therewith) shall at any time forsake them for a time, either to run for a wager with another, or to play at nine holes, loggets or bowls, or any other game, so that he be seen and marked by some that haue seen him else-where with his crooches halting, and by them so challenged for a counterfeit rogue, he shall forfeit for every such offence two dozen of beer, as a fine for disgracing so ancient a trade as peregrination.  
After him succeeded by the general council, one cock laurel, 
Cock laurel 7 K. H. 8.4.1511.  the most notorious knave that ever lived: by trade he was a Tinker, often carrying a pan and a hammer for a show: but when he came to a good booty, he would cast his profession in a ditch, and play the padder and then would away, and as he past through the town, would cry, Ha you any work for a Tinker. To writ of his knaveries, it would ask a long time: I refer you to the old manuscript, remaining on record in maunders hall.  
This was he that reduced and brought in form the Catalogue of Vagabonds or quartern of knaves called the five and twenty orders of knaves: 
The quarters of knaves made by Cock laurel.  but because it is extant and in every mans shop, I pass them over.  
And now about this time, when as warres abroad, and troubles domestical were ended, swarmed in every part of the land these caterpillars, like slies against a plague: in the northern partes another sort of Vagabonds( at the diuels-arse-a-peake in Darbishire) began a new regiment, 
egyptians,  calling themselves by the name of egyptians: These were a sort of rogues, that lived and do yet live by cozening and deceit, practising the arte called legerdemain, or fast and loose, whereby they got to themselves no small credite among the country people by their deep dissembling and deceitful practices, feeding the common people wholly addicted and given to novelties, toys and new fangles, delighting them with the strangeness of the attire of their heads, and practising palmistry to such as would know their fortunes.  
The first that invented this new fellowship was one Giles Hather: he carried about with him his whore called( Kyt Calot) which was termed the queen of Egipties: 
Kyt Calot.  they go always never under an hundred men or women, causing their faces to be made black, as if they were Egyptians: they wander up and down the Country as it pleaseth them best, with their horses to carry their bastards and baggage after them: and when they come into any country town, they pitifully cousen the poor country girls, both of money, silver and the best linen onely in hope to hear their good fortunes told them.  

red of these in the first pag  After a certain time that these vp-start Lossels had got unto a head; the two chief commanders of both these regiments met at the Diuels-arse-a-peake, there to parley and entreat of matters that might tend to the establishing of this their new found government: and first of all they think it fit to devise a certain kind of language, 
Canting, when brought up.  to the end their cousenings, knaveries and villainies might not be so easily perceived and known, in places where they come: And this their language they spun out of three other tongues, viz. latin, English, and Dutch: these three especially, well-being some few words they borrowed of the Spanish and French. They also gave names to such persons of their company according to the kind of life that he undertook: as for example, A common beggar or rogue, they termed a Clapper-dudgeon, one that counterfeited the falling sickness, they termed him a counterfeit crank, for crank in their language is the falling sickness, and so Counterfeit crank is the false falling sickness: and so of the rest.  
This cock laurel continued among them longer then any of his predecessors before him, or after him: for he ruled almost two and twenty yeares, until the year An. Dom. 1533. and about the six and twenty year of K. Henry the eight.  
1 He made among other, 
Orders.  these Statutes among them, that whosoever he be, that being born and bread up in the trade of maunding, nipping and foisting for the space of ten years, and hath not the right dexterity in his fingers to pick a pocket, but is fain to cloy his fellowes, and cowarly to demand scrappage; such a one is to be known and brought hither to be fined for his faint-heartedness: and it such a one after venture and be taken vpon the first fault, let him know, that he is going the high way to perdition without pitty, as a just punishment for his folly, that he betook himself so soon to the occupation.  
2. Item, We think it meet that none eat meat, as pigs, Capons, geese or such like, unless he purchase it by privy pilfery and cleanly conveyance, neither shal they be merry in every bousing Ken or Alehouse as they list, but in some odd out-house remote from dwellers: a Stawling ken that is known of purpose to be trusty, yea and that in the night too, least they be notified and suspected, to the scandalising of the profession: neither shall they be merry out of measure, least by their extraordinary noises, the Constable and Watch men take them, and so carry them to ward, as a just punishment for their presumptuous and unordinate misunderstandings: for which some of late daies haue woefully felt the smart.  
captain Giles Hather first began in Anno Domini one thousand five hundred twenty and eight: concerning whom, there is nothing made mention of, but of his cousonage and deceit, for these kind of people lived more quietly and out of harm in respect of the other sort, making themselves as strangers, and would never put forth themselves in any tumult or Commotion, as the other sort did: but what 'vice they exercised not one way, they were not inferior to them in the like, or rather worse another way; so that what between them both, they were two pestiferous members in a Common-wealth: but I will leave them both, and pray for a prosperous wind to bring my bark to the wished port of her desire, which is to be favoured and well liked of in your sight: which if good fortune favour me so much, I shall be bouldened once more to play the Merchant venturer: at whose second arrival I will present you with things more strange, not far fetched but dearly bought, and wherein, if licence may be permitted, I will proceed and set down the successors from cock laurel until this present day, and who at this day bears the greatest sway amongst them.  
FINIS.