magnetical Animadversions.  
Made by mark Ridley, Doctor in physic.  
Upon certain magnetical Advertisements, lately published, From master WILLIAM BARLOW.  
LONDON, Printed by Nicholas oaks. 1617.   

THE EPISTLE TO the Courteous and judicious Reader.  
Courteous Reader.  
IT is an old proverb, That nothing can bee perfect at the first invention of it; and in an Arte that is new, the more that writ of it, the better it is for the Learner; for from every man he may glean somewhat: and the more any matter is argued, the more knowledge there will be had of the truth of the matter proposed, and the falsehoods will so much the sooner be espied. Therefore in reading the book of magnetical advertisements, I observed that the Author had been industrious in some things; in other things somewhat forgetful, devising some things not so pertinent as he esteemed they would bee: but no new thing was added, some old things mistaken, some things censured imperfectly: whereupon I haue taken a little pains to make a survey of this book; no way going about to examine all, lest I should seem either too diligent or too curious; but clearing as well as I could, that which I took to be doubtful, opening that which I thought to bee obscure, and where any thing was unprofitably devised, I made what use I could of it, or else rejected it; and look what I thought was mistaken, I haue answered, and made it manifest for all men easily to understand; wherein being desirous to satisfy all, I hope that I haue set a way open for every man to enter in, and tread in the paths of Truth. The particulars will be better understood in the reading of both books together, then can bee if some of them were here inserted, and therefore wishing the courteous and judicious Reader health and benefit hereof, I cease,  
Yours in all affection, M. R.   

magnetical animadversions.  
THE Author of the Treatise of magnetical animadversions delivereth in his Epistle before his book to Sir Dudley digs, that he had somewhat entred into the admirable and secret virtues of the Load-stone by the space of these forty yeares, by reading other mens Writings, by his own industry and practise: and what he hath collected and found, this little treatise will show. Which, whether it bee any thing or nothing, he referreth to the judicious Readers consideration; but in special, to Sir Dudley digs his favourable construction and good acceptance.  
This great allegation of his long and continual pains for these forty yeares, in searching out the properties of the Magnet, would draw any man into a wonderful expectation of very rare, obstruse, laborious inventions, such as the learned wits of the world never imagined or suspected would ever haue come to light: but now that they are set abroad in print, all may see what strange inventions they are, most of them being before set out by doctor Gilbert, and there is almost no proposition or portraiture in this book, which most Mariners Instrument-makers, Compasse-makers, Clocke-makers, Smiths, and Cutlers of the better and more understanding sort about London and the Suburbs haue not known, practised, and made, long before the copy of this Treatise was delivered to sir Thomas Challenor seven yeares since, who by reason of their daily use of Load-stones, may likewise prescribe in the virtues of them. For when the Smiths and Cutlers that cut and formed that excellent Load-stone in the time of queen Elizabeth, before doctor hearts death, which took up an Anchore weighing about twenty four pounds in weight, which my Lord arundel then bought of them, with all their implements, and now possesseth: with what practices and experiments did these men drive the people into an admiration of the properties of the Load-stone? and also with what great variety of tricks and devices did they wonderfully content the common people, being very subtle and observant to learn and increase their skill, not sparing their pains to visit all whom they thought knew any thing in that kind of practise.  
Many yeares since, his friends, some honourable personages before and since Doctor Gilbers book was printed, and the Doctor himself, unto whom he had shewed his observations, were desirous to haue him publish them, but above all, Sir Thomas Chalenor prevailed most, and he delivered him this Treatise finished as now it is, saving some new Additions to print, seven yeares since which was lost, so that three yeares after he had another sent, and knoweth not what is become of that also: but it is said that many portratures of his, and propositions, are in another mans book, who usurpeth that he understandeth not.  
In this Treatise of his there be not many, or scarce any propositions or forms, which Doctor Gilbert hath not, and I find by now borrowing your written copy, which I never saw but one night before, that this book hath not half so many forms or lordships as your book hath, which are but very few, and very easy to be invented; so that if you had name, and noted the portratures and propositions you do claim as your own, then the matter had sooner been answered, then now it can be roued at. And I know very well, that some noble personages, and others haue had some few forms, now by you set down, made them by Smiths, and Instrument-makers, and many other fine forms and implements magnetical: I guess some long time before your late copies came forth, and such as none hath as yet set forth, being oppropriate unto their own cabbanet; so that a man may wonder at this mans overweening of his own inventions and wit, that he would tie all under his conceit, not to devise or know any thing that he thinketh that he knoweth, where most of those propositions and devices, that he uttereth in this book, are most of thē in Doctor hearts book, as I said before, or else such ordinary things that any ingenious workman hath or may easily in uent and make; unless you hold al men Dulberts like your rare workman of Winchester, whom our master work men of London account a very bungler; neither booteth it much who doth own them, whereas in truth, learning and ingenious devices are subject to al men, that shall study and labour curiously in the same: and what reason is there that you should take what you list out of Doctor hearts book, as you say in the Preface, and somewhat out of mine, and yet go about in bad terms to deny that liberty unto others. If you had printed your devices first, before Doctor Gilbert set forth his book, or presently vpon it: then had you been author of these matters, but now you make claim too late, when all men possess them, before you Printed this Treatise or gave out your written copies; and such as desired the same of you, peradventure expected from forty yeares practise, greater matters then these, which, no doubt, they knew for the most part before.  
moreover, you say in the Preface, that you may truly affirm, that searching with diligence Doctor hearts first five books, you found all things agreeable to the diligent observations of diuers men of experience, although in some matters of the Load-stone his experiments and yours did disagree, for which you haue his letters to show: and concerning the sixth book entreating of the Motion of the Earth, you do no whit beleeue it, by any persuasions out of the reasons he produceth out of other men, or by his own inventions from magnetical force, to prove the Earths motion, which you think to bee untrue.  
Here you seem to tax Doctor Gilbert for having magnetical Experiments disagreeing from yours, whereof you admonished him in his life time, and he took it in good part, his books are in print for all men to red, your exceptions you do not make known either in this Preface; or in your book following, therefore I hold this a needless imputation, making yourself both a secret accuser and judge, But his sixth book can no ways bee acceptable unto you, being for forty yeares a Student in Magniticall philosophy, and daily conversant in his books, I wish you had set down your reasons, why you persist in a contrary opinion unto him. If I might bee so bold I desire to ask you this question; it is written in the first Chapter of Genises the sixth verse, that God made the Firmament before he cleared and made the earth, in the 10. verse; I would demand what this Firmament was? is it not expausuum tennissimam vniuersi, in quo omnia ponuntur& mouentur. For wheresoever wee travell, wee see the brightness and thinness of it, and most of the Globes and stars placed and moving in it: Then the next thing I would learn is, whether when God created the Earth, he did not lay the foundation thereof in this Firmament as wee see other Globes to be, as the Psamist King david recordeth, that God hath laid the foundation of the world, and all that therein is. psalm 89 verse 11. where in the 12 verse he saith that God created the North and the South, which in my opinion is as much as if he should say that God created the magnetical virtues, as we term it of North and South in the earth, to hold him sure as vpon a foundation from altering his position, and placing North and South, in his just elevation, and therefore it is true that the earth is thus firmly seated by virtue tending from the whole body to the two Poles, as I haue demonstrated in my book of magnetical bodies and Motions; likewise in the 48 Chapter of Ieb the 4 and 5 verses, God telleth job, that he laid the foundation of the earth, with all the measures thereof, and the line over it. Whereby I conceive, that God founded and seated the earth by magnetical virtue in the North and South, and the measures thereof and lines be Meridians, Parralels, and equinoctial line, whereby travelers and mariners measure the earth about, both by the degrees of Longitude, and also by the Degrees of Latitude, so that this is a true maxim and axiom that Deus& natura nihil fecerunt frustra. That whereas there is an aequator on the body of the earth and parralells thereunto, which haue no power magnetical to retain themselves in any place, but all such abilities of retention pass with the Meridians, to fortify and make a sure stay at the Poles in the North& South, what natural thing can there be that should hinder the Globe of the earth thus firmly fixed on his Poles to keep his seat in the North and South from moving other parts, which can resist no vigorous power that is able to turn his whole body round about, as it were vpon an Axoltree from the West towards the East, and if the earths weight and gravity might peradventure be an hindrance hereunto, then thereis an other axiom that nihil in proprio loco grave, or rather that nile mobile insuoperfecto vigore grave, for let a man be in youth, health, and perfect strength, it is not a weariness but a pleasure to walk and move; but in these great Globes and stars, whose vigour and power is coeternal with the world, God hath set an ordinance that shall not pass, and as it is in the metre; To them he made, a Law and trade for ay to last, Psal. 148.6. Now I would learn what Ordinance, Law and Trade these Globes and stars haue, which are placed in this thin Firmanent, which are coaeternall with the world; and which shall continue as long as the world shall last, if it be not there indefatigable motion to move naturally, or erraticably like baly errants to turn about, to give and receive thee lightsomes beams and influences benefitiall one to an other, and to make other motions about their Center, according unto the faculties given them at their creation. And who is there that can imagine that the Earth being mother of so many Infants, as shee is enjoined presently vpon the Creation, Gen. 1. vers. 11.12. to bring forth should be such a lazy and unkind nurse, that shee should onely foster them with the natural heat of her bosom, and to take no pains to move and turn herself about, and carry them all to receive indifferently the lively and warm beams and lights of the sun and stars, which were created the day after, verses 16, 17, 18, 19. These things I haue set down, not hoping to persuade you any whit, or others who are to much addicted to that they sucked from their youth out of Philosophers, which all Schollers red after they haue been two yeares in the universities, especially from their old friend Aristotle, whom you say you would forsake to embrace the truth, and though many things of great moment in him of philosophy and anatomy were confuted demonstratively by Galen long since, yet because all red the first, and very few the latter, but onely professors in physic, so that his opinions are almost embraced by all, yet now in these daies, where dies Diemdocet, by the multitude of the writings and labours of late most learned Writers, it is come to bee an usual assertion in the schools that, in Anatomicis& Astronomies erravit Aristoteles; and certainly if wee shall observe and ponder what a thing the wonderful vastness of expansion, the fine and thin Firmament hath, and what a great distance there is between the earth and the farthest limits( for Spheres are but feigned) of the aduancement of Saturne from the earth, but especially of the fixed stars, which are held to be removed as far again and much move from Saturne, it might be said, that the earth firmed in her position might move her whole body many thousand miles from place to place, and yet there would bee found no excentritie of the fixed stars by the earth, and all those arguments which are used by Aristotle, Ptolomie, Regiomontamis, johannes de Sacrobosco and others to prove, that the earth is centrum vniuersi would bee no otherwise, then now they are, for the earth is not centrum vniuersi, but is as it were punctum insensibile respectu vniuersi& stellarum fixarum, and no doubt but that Copernicus and Tichobrahe most perfect and exact Astronomers, who make the sun to be centrum vniuersi& planetarum accounted the said arguments and proofs to be of force, and as truly verified of the sun, as of the earth if a man might pass thether to try the same, and whereas you profess yourself to be so diligent a reader of Doctor hearts books, most worthy of great commendations for his first inventions, and great pains in the Magneticalls, that you would a little peruse Master Wrights Epistle unto him prefixed before his book; he was a very skilful and painful man in the mathematics, a worthy reader of that lecture of navigation for the East-Indian Company, and it is a great defect to that art, that that Lecture should not bee continued and more liberally maintained, their gains being so great, this man took great pains in correcting the printing of Doctor hearts book, and was very conversant with him; I having often conferred with him, and considering of the sixth book which you no way beleeue, I asked whether it was any way of his making or assistance, for that I knew him most perfect in Copernicus from his youth, and he denied that he gave any aid thereunto, I replied that the 12 Chapter of the 4 book must needs be his, because of the table of the fixed stars, so he confessed that he was the Author of that Chapter, and enquiring further whether he observed the Author skilful in Copernicus, he answered that he did not, then it was found that one Doctor Gissope was much esteemed by him, and lodged in his house whom we knew always to be a great scholar in the mathematic, who was a long time entertained by Sir Charles Chandish, he was a great assistance in that matter as we judged, and I haue seen whole sheets of this mans own hand writing of Demonstrations to this purpose out of Copernicus, in a book of philosophy copied out in an other hand, this man should haue succeeded me in Russia, had not God called him by death to a better place.  
Now at length wee come to your book, where your needles discourse of electricall attraction interruptteth your doctrine of your long piece of day, burnt in the fire, and laid to cool, with his ends North and South.  
You say in the fourth page. that that end which cooled towards the South, will draw the true North end of the needle, and that end which cooled towards the North, will draw the true South end of the needle.  
This assertion might very well haue been one of those differences you say, was between you and Doctor Gilbert, if you had printed it as it was in your written copy without that word True, which I haue borrowed to red with your printed book, and so it had been contrary to all experience, but by inserting that word of equivocation, you may make any thing of it either way, for you tell us that the true North end, will draw the true South end of the directory needle, as though there were a true and a false South-end, and a true and a false North-end; why do you not set down that you teach certainly, for thus you may make chalk cheese, and cheese chalk; either call that North, that keepeth the North; and that South that aspecteth the South, or else you had better say nothing, and so you should not distracted the Reader, for we call all that dwell on this side the river of Trent, Southeren men though some were born in yorkshire, and all northern men that dwell on the North-side of the river Trent. For these be two things to animate and to aspect; needles are animated from the North-pole of the Load-stone, but aspecteth the South province of the Earth, and is to be called a South-end, and so it is a rule in all magnetical endowments at the first, that if you hang this burnt day by a thread or rush fastened about the midst of it, then that end that cooled North, and was excited from the North province of the magnetical Globe of the Earth, will turn itself South, and so always rest itself, and never will serve on the North-side, and if you had set down this devise for mariners and others to practise it, that at such times as it shall please God that they should suffer shipwreck, and escape by pieces of the ship, or other happy means to any unknown or vnhabited land; yet they might, having lost all but their lives, by this devise haue used it as a mariners compass to direct them to the place where they first arrived, or some other near convenient shore to watch whether any ships passed that way to carry home unto their native country again.  
moreover whereas you haue added in the 10 page., which is not in your written copy, that if a weak Load-stone be excited from a strong Magnet at both the ends with one Pole, that the violence of it driveth the contrary virtue into the midst of it, where being divided will presently show the contrary property unto the other two ends.  
As touching the trench hereof in weak Magnets I will stay a while to make experience of it, because it is not so easy a thing for to divide and saw a sunder Magnets presently, but this I dare assure you that in a wire excited at both ends from one pole, this assertion is not true, for divide this wire in the midst and the parts cut a sunder, will be of a contrary nature on to the other, and but one of the other two ends will hold his first endowment.  
As concerning your second Chapter, where you insert a matter of ambiguity, whether to justify that you set down in the fourth page. or no, wee may doubt, and that which you affirm out of Doctor Gilbert, to call that end North which aspecteth the North, would overthrow the frame and foundation of magnetical philosophy, if it bee seriously defended, there can be no such cause of fear as you answer yourself Loquendum vt vulgus, for as you say in the 12 page. in my words ends of like denomination will fly the one the other, also you say in the 13 page., That it is the true South-end that pointeth to the North, and the true North end that looketh towards the South, you should rather and more truly haue said, that that end that pointeth towards the North was a part animated from the South province of the Load-stone, so cut out of his mine, or from a great ston, and thus shall you leave all equivocating ambiguities.  
In the latter end of the 14 page. you utter a contrariety to that you taught in the 13 page., that parts cut off Meridionally will point as the entire did.  
This being false and contrary to that you set down in the 13 page. before, and contrary also to Doctor Gilbert, fol. 100. deserveth no other confutation.  
In the 15 page. you teach this doctrine that dissagreeing of the ends is onely within the orb of their forces, but not in their general disposition to the earth.  
It seemeth, that that your iudgement is very uncertain; for in the 12. and 13 page. you taught the clean contrary to this, and to your opinion afterwards in the 43 page. at large delivered, because a part cut off is totum integral, and severed, will disagree from the entire or great one, in the latter end of this page. you make a needless repetition of that you spoke of in the 12 page. afore.  
In the 26. and 27 pages, you haue inserted, that which is not in the written copy, but it is more new then true, whose type you haue set down in the 22 page., the matter is thus, If that the Poles bee not in the ends of the long Oual Magnet, then this long ston will not point unto the magnetical North and South, but falsely, and by this experiment you may so order the Magnet, that you may make him stand to any point of the compass whatsoever. Also you may so touch the wires of the compass, that the Flower-de-lice shall stand to any point, although the wires bee justly fastened under it.  
This is somewhat a deformed proposition you add here, but it is altogether untrue if the Magnet be vigorous, for shift the thread so that the Poles may be set level with the Horizon, and the Loadstone hanging thus, will point out the magnetical Meridian, or else place him in his boat on the water, and he will seat himself North and South, for all round Magnets, forms of many corners, all rude forms though as rough and deformed as they were broken from the Rock, having their Poles placed level with the Horizon, being put into a boat loaden with sand for that purpose, all these will rest their Poles North and South, and not to every point of the compass as you writ, Also you tell us of a new devise to touch the wires of Compasses to turn to any point, but I guess your wires must be of or nere a round form, not strait, which form you commend though vntruely in the 68 page., to bee the best form for wires, or of a steel picked ring for Compasses, which I hope you will not maintain, because you teach more truly in the 60 page., that the magnetical force must pass along in the true axis, and these round wires or plates haue no axis, or a very short on, if not two, but if I would go about to tell falshoods, and trouble the reader therewith, I can say, that if you touch a ring of steel or iron in twenty places with one pole, and after touch as many opposite places with the other pole, then bring the needle of your dial to the ring, and it will point and turn to all these contrary touches you made, first by one point, and then by the other point, as the nature of the touches were, and therefore I may conclude that this proposition is unperfect, unprofitable and very dangerous to be followed, for my part I think you had done more advisedly to haue left it out of your book, being a new toy to lately hatched.  
You propound in the 32 page., this conceit of your long Ouall Load-stone with two teeth, taking up more with them, or rather twice as much, as either end taketh up severally; because the virtue of both ends of the ston is infused into both the ends of the capitell of iron, and the violence of both these virtues in the ends do strive to repel his contrary unto his proper end, hereby either end becometh the stronger.  
This conceit is your own, but it is contrary to other your propositions in this book, but how do the ends of a wire or a capitell receive their virtue? but by touching and exciting from the Load-stone; for if you touch any wire at one end, the virtue of that Pole goeth but to the midst of it, and the contrary virtue unto the other end, and all magnetical force is strongest in the ends as you set down in the 63 page., and the midst is weakest; therefore the force of touching is not repelled into the ends, by the North or South property but is there naturally, as in his poles, and this square piece of iron, is as it were a thick wire excited at once at both ends from the two teeth of the Load-stone; so that this thing is no violent driving to be stronger then otherwise it would bee 31 page. but natural as being united unto the Magnet, I pray you to observe your proof and demonstration, how all the virtue is in the ends of the long piece of iron: A. and this you endeavour to prove by three other square Capitells that haue brass in the midst, as B. more. C. less and D. least brass of them all. A. being all of iron is held fast, B. having most brass and least iron applied to the two teeth of the Magnet is held weakly, C. having more iron then B. being applied is held more strongly, D. with least brass and most iron is retained most strongly in comparison of the other two B. and C. if the virtue were most in the ends and teeth, why should not B. bee strongly held by his short pieces of iron in the ends of the Capitell, that fitteth the ends rather then the midst space, C. is held better; and D. better then both the other B. and C. but clap B.C.D. and A. altogether one above the other, but A. must bee lowest, as it is in the 32 page., then the two teeth of the Load-stone will lift them all up together very easily, the iron parts being like an halfe-moone: he had need haue his wits together to observe what this demonstration and business proveth, in my conceit it proveth not that the virtue is most in the ends of A. but that the teeth will rather take up a great whole piece of iron, then two little pieces, or that that pieces with most iron is held alongest the midst better then at both ends, or that wee may make a Capitell of iron like an halfe-moone as well as a strait one, therefore all this is unprofitable to prove this position that the strength is violently driven into the ends of A.  
Also in the 33 page. you haue another conceit, that the Capitell being joined to both the teeth will extend his virtue downward scarce half an inch at his ends, by reason of the striving of the virtue to make the Capitell strong at both the ends.  
By this I gather that the ends are strong to hold, but unfit to sand virtue downward, but I hold them no way fortified by any striffe of virtue, as you haue imagined which no way by these devises is demonstrated, But contrary hereunto in the 34 page., you prove rather that the force of taking up is in the middle of the Capitell, rather then in the ends.  
In the 36 page. you would haue two prominent pieces of iron fitted for, and to the image of Arsinoe or such like made of any light stuff for to take hold of the two teeth of a long Ouall Load-stone, placed in the roof of some building, and no doubt but this devise of yours would prove as convenient, as your Capitell of B. with much intermediat brass, which is the worst Capitell for retention, that you propounded page. 31.  
In the 40 page. in conjoining and piecing Load-stones together, you join North to North, and South to South, but in the 42 page., if your egg form bee sawen a sunder in the midst, then if you attempt to join the two halves together, again in length you do join them at like ends, a thing directly repugnant to the principles of magnetical philosophy, yet in the 43 page. if you place these precisely as they were at first, they will agree together as one and the same Magnet.  
Here is a mingle mingle-mangle of contrarieties, they will conjoin being of like name, if you do conjoin the like ends together, it is directly repugnant to this arte, and yet they will agree as one Magnet, so that here you say and unsay, and yet say and affirm again the same thing, so that here you play fast and loose with magnetical principles at your pleasure.  
In teaching to find the variation of the magnetical Meridian, from the true Meridian in the 46 page., you do define it rightly, to the swerving of the magnetical needle in the Horizon from the true Meridian; but in the latter end of this same page., you use the help of an other circled called an Almicanther, which is a circled of Allitude, so called of all that wright of the Sphere, first in the definition of the variation you thought the horizontal circled sufficient to show it, and to get the quantity of it which way it lieth Easterly or Westerly, so that for this purpose there is no need of any other as of an Almicanther circled, which is a little circled.  
Presently after in the 47 page., you tell us of a magnetical respective Pole, which you say is the Pole of the magnetical Meridian, which is so much distant from the true Pole, as the variation is; and it is as far off the vertical point, as the true Pole is,& is of the same height above the Horizon.  
It is strange to observe how he runneth on with this respective pole in a Magnetiall Meridian, as thought it were very true, and a thing confessed by all, but indeed it is a new matter never heard of before, or at least never allowed by any that was skilful in magnetical philosophy, or by yourself in an other, as shall appear presently, I had thought that Doctor Gilbert had so refuted these respective Poles, feigned by diuers, whom he nameth with the magnetical Mountaines on the earth, so as the world would never haue been deceived with them again, or that any man should imagine that ever there was any such matter in truth.  
And you yourself in your written copy, whereof you had another copy under this mans hand, delivered you by the party that lent me now this copy, profess in your Epistle unto Sir Thomas Challenor, that the reason why you writ this Treatise was, because you had seen a discourse called Niecometria Magnetica, written by a French man, that understood not the magnetical Doctrine, and therefore missed far on the mark he aimed at, which man also calculated laborious tables from a wrong& erroneus foundation, namely from his supposed fixednes of the magnetical Poles of the Earth, in the two polar circles, or near the same within some few minutes, because you would be loathe, that many or any of our nation should bee carried away with this or the like vain position; you haue made somewhat the more hast to publish this book, therefore what a great novelty or rather forgetfulness is it, that you should discourse of magnetical Poles in the same Almicanter and hight with the Pole, disliking the same matter, but a little different so highly in an other: but it may be that you will answer, that you speak here of respective Poles and not of fixed poles as other haue done, I pray you in examining the variation, doth the Flower-de-lice or the needle respect any poles, I hope you will not affirm it although you talk here of respective poles, what way then shall we fish out your meaning? In the 21 page., you bid us make a respective or declinatorie needle, and by his axis to put him on a forked stick, I judge that now wee haue catched what you do mean; belike this respetiue needle, will aspect your respective poles, and here I am afraid that by ignorance of the Magneticals and true use of this needle, you will run your ship on ground, where these new Load-starres or poles will no way advantage you, do you think that this respective needle will point at your respective poles; it is certain that it mounteth up with the one point, being placed in his ring or box, and descendeth with the other end under the Horizon, but whether in this situation he respecteth and pointeteth to the true Altitude of the respective poles is a matter which hereafter shal be decided; and first I will prove that by your assertion there is not onely two, but many respective poles, and that shalbe thus, respective poles are many almost infinite, and therefore not onely two; moreover all respective poles are in number proportioned to the vanity of variations, but there bee many and almost infinite sorts of variations as you instruct us in the 53 and 54 pages; therefore therebe many, and almost an infinite number of respective poles, which if you shall grant, into what a multitulde of absudities will you fall? for though that variations should be infinite, yet it is not necessary that they should haue any poles or whole Meridians at all, being wholly measured and reckoned vpon the Horizon from the true Meridian to the needles point, which needeth not to be called a magnetical Meridian, being but a line of position called so for distinction sake, and not in truth, and then if there bee no whole continued magnetical Meridians, how can there then bee any respective poles?  
And therefore in the latter end of the 53 page., you propound a truth of this matter, from a round unperfect Load-stone, that hath weak matter of a Load-stone or other corrupt stuff in it, then take a little needle of a dial, and set it vpon the sound part of the Load-stone, and it will point on that Meridian towards the true Pole of the Magnet, after set this needle where the part is weak and corrupt, then it will point and respect an other Pole, again set it to another false part, and the needle will respect neither of these former Poles, thus in a multiude of impefections you shall find the needle to point according to every particular defect, and if you should go about to join the places of resting the needle, you shall trace out a wonderful crooked line or circled, for rectum est unicum, obliquum infinitum, therefore these kind of circles cannot be called magnetical Meridinns, but rather falshoods, imperfections and deuiations from the truth, now we shall prove that your respective needle so termed of you, doth not respect the Altitude of the respective Pole, for although he hath an ascension above the Horizon, yet it is always a great deal more then the elevation of the pole of the world is, and therefore cannot any ways behold and aspect the respective Pole as you writ being in the same Almicanter and Altitude with the Pole of the world, but must needs ouershoot him far, unless the observation should be made just under the Pole, and the truth is for ought that I can find in this book, you haue uttered almost nothing to inform us that you do understand Doctor hearts fift book, or the nature of the conversion of this needle partly set out in other his former books; now to tell you the truth; the inclinatory needle maketh always one kind of angle in one and the same elevation of the pole, and in one parallel, but the variation in one parallel is diuers and most uncertain, for it may be 10.20. or 30. degrees and so infinitely, then accordingly you must find out such like respective poles in your Almicanter removed accordingly from the true pole, both in the foresaid places and in infinite others, therefore these respective poles being uncertain infinite and unprofitable, are therefore to bee rejected as things feigned, and in themselves merely false, so that it is a thing absolutely unnecessary, that when you teach to find the variation from the true Meridian vpon the Horizon, you must needs enter into a discourse of describing the same magnetical Meridian, which you would haue pass by the respective Pole in that same Almicanter with the Pole of the world, for if the quantity of variation be plainly found vpon the Horizon, by finding out the true Meridian, you having but one point of a magnetical Meridian, as I may truly affirm, which if you should follow but one mile or less, you shall lose your Meridian quiter, and enter in an other, for if you could sinned it much further to hold out, yet it will not cause the variations thereof to bee all one and of the same quantity; and this was the thing that deceived Gulielmus Nantonerius, that he set down his magnetical poles as you say about the polar circled, and Antony Linton our countryman, whose laborious works likewise never came to the press, being deciued with the like matter, wherefore I hope that hereafter all fixed and respective poles with their Meridians willbe utterly exploded from all mens books, and utterly obliterated and blotted out as though they had never been feigned.  
Further in the 48 page., you affirm that an Axis is the line of variation.  
Here is taught a Doctrine much differing from the understanding of the Sphere, or of the proiection thereof in Plano, for variation being a declination of the point of the needle or compass from the true Meridian, is observed and found by lines of position or azaemuthes, and need not any axis or Meridian Diamiter to show it other, then the said lines from the Center of the Horizon. I am very forgetful if you do not deliver unto us in some place of this book it may be about the 74 page., That a needle well and artificially excited and touched: will keep the said touch a mans life time and longer. Yet I thought good to set down what I larely herd that Sir Thomas row, who was 〈…〉 from the Kings majesty unto 〈…〉 Mogoll in India, being very skilful in navigation, and very painful in observing the variations of his voyage, found the variation to be but one degree about the scape of good hope, and so coasting along the East-side of afric, even unto the Islands without the mouth of the Red-sea to the river Indus, found the variation of the needle to increase by degrees till it varied about twenty degrees, but that which is most memorable, is this, that in comparing his variations with other mens, he found this difference, that he touching his own compass, and some others every ten daies, these variations for the most part, observed from a quicker and more lively touch, did always exceed the observations of other Compasses, onely touched at home in England about some three degrees, which sheweth that the Magenitall vigour will spend and prove weak and exhausted in these hot voyages in Torrida Zana.  
You affirm in the 50 page., that a continent in the vast Ocean will not cause a variation of declination, in the Inclinatory instrument, which was Doctor hearts fear, because his hanging is but in length and breadth, and not in depth.  
Although that the frame of the Inclinatory needle be such by the crosse-barre in the ring, that it cannot bee much drawn awry side-long to a vigorous magnetical continent, yet no doubt, the needle being subject to attraction will be a little drawn aside, so that at least he will play more stiffly vpon his Axis, then if he were free from collateral attraction, and by this means his liberty is barred from moving truly to his due angle, and though that this exception hindereth this needle but a little, yet there is a variation of the Inclinatory needle from his due angle, as magnetical forces shalbe placed either before or behind him, as I haue proved in my book of magnetical bodies and Motions, which thing any man may make experience of vpon the round Magnet; but to be informed what your length, breadth and depth meaneth, we had need of an Oedipus to open it unto us, and though you do deny a variation of the Inclinatory needle in this place, Yet in the 49 page. you affirmed a variation of both the needles.  
moreover in the 56 page., you haue this saying, That that end that pointeth to the North, will hang downward, yea although you touch him with the South-end of the Magnet.  
I haue two very good Load stones, the one about seven pound weight, the other of three pounds weight, if you give a slight touch to the Inclinatory needle from the North-pole of the Load-stone, by the ouer-weight of the touch, as I take it, It will hang downward on the North-side of the Horizon near 20.30. or more degrees, as the touah is, in heaviness, and your opinion concurreth with Doctor Gilbert, fol. 186. and the other end will ascend above the Horizon on the Sought-side of the Instrument, so that this needle thus scituted will haue an Axis descending by his Centre towards the North; when I be held first of all, this position of this needle it seemeth very strange unto me, but unto others very familiar and ordinary, and if there should be any other Inclination, the fault did seem to men of experience to proceed from some thing amiss in the needle, either in form or matter, or some other attractive matter in the instrument about it, or in it, and weighing that which is set down by you in the 47. page. where you would haue this respective needle as you call it, to behold the respective Pole so termed by you, and according to the quantity of the variation from the true Meridian, the respective pole shall differ so much from the true pole, comparing this situation of this Axis, which the other supposed Axis aspecting the respective pole, and observing that it was very obliqne thereunto, and did cross the former Axis from the respective pole, and did so differ in such an vnexspected manner, that that pole which you termed to bee a respective pole, aspected by that needle with us: On the Noth side of the Zenith about an eleven Degrees towards the East from the true pole, is now by this new position of this respective needle noted to bee on the South side of the Zenith so many Degrees to the West, as it was afore towards the East, so that now by this new doctrine some respective magnetical poles are on our South Meridian side, a matter never so much as dreamed of by any, that I could ever hear of, therefore I hope that this assertion will not bee approved of by any, no not by your self after that you shall haue better considered of this matter and consequence, being a practise most manifestly repugnant to magnetical philosophy, for that all position of poles and axis is from the Noth in our Hemi-sphere to the South-pole or part under our Horizon, and that there bee no respective poles in the South part above our Horizon, either on the North or South-side of the Zenith is a matter that al men will now I think easily assent unto.  
Therefore this matter and point of touching the Inclinatory needle is to bee melted and coined a fresh, that the true stamp may appear, and the old called in again; and now again take this Inclinatory needle and excite him perfectly, from the pole or tooth of an excellent and strong Load-stone; that the vigour thereof may infuse a virtue into the needle, able and powerful to overrule the abstacle and resistance of the heaviness and weight of the touch; then place this needle in his instrument& ring always marking the North-end, which will not descend, but ascend above our Horizon on the Northside of our Hemi-sphere as I haue often tried with diuers needles a foot long, which the smaller and narrower they are the better will the vigour of the magnetical Globe of the earth, erect them above the Horizon, especially if the ends of the needles be not overcharged with a cross or Flower-de-lice or such like, and being artificially animated as I haue said, putting them into their great hanging instrument; as also I put other the like needles into a ring, and frame of six inches diamiter, that standeth on his foot with a little directory needle thereon, and then the North-end will ascend, therefore against the former received opinion the truth of this business shall by this means appear to all, and I shalbe ready to show any these needles and instruments, which their true situation as I haue declared that shall desire it, to see the North end of the needle to ascend, and the South-end to hang downward under our Hemi-sphere, and this matter will thus fall out whether you do excite the needle from the North-end of the Magnet, or from the South, or from both; so that now I hope well, that hereafter their willbe no contradiction made herein by any that shal be indifferent and judicious, and not to much self opinionated in his own conceit with out better and truer experience hereof; and one thing more is to bee observed in this inclinatory needle, that that end which is excited and touched from the North-pole of the Magnet, will not convert itself into the South, but still will keep himself on the North-side contrary to the course of directory needles and compasses, which being excited from the North do presently turn South by the disposition from the earth, yet I haue observed that the needle being excited from the North, and then if you take of this touch from the South-pole, the North-end will convert and turn South.  
And I am persuaded that the reason why this excellent instrument is not taken into more continual and frequent use, is because the true making and touching of the Inclinatory needle hath not been rightly practised, nor his ascending on the Northside any way demonstrated, but that the makers of this instrument haue always made the needle to descend on the North-side, to seuentie two Degrees here with us, which may bee done by often and easy touching to descend to this Degree or any other, or else by siling the South-end, and so haue delivered them to bee used as truly excited, which thing hath been a great abuse, and hath shewed a great ignorance in the makers, and the mariners haue been greatly deceived with this dealing, not able to make any good observation by this so profitable an Instrument, being skilful and righted mayed and used.  
In the end of this book you add a new Chapter, and in the 81. page., you begin to find fault with a picture of the Inclinatory and directory needles, which I haue described to bee placed together in one Instrument in the 143 page. of my book, which is that these needles there placed bee with in two inches one of the other, and so the orbs of their virtue bee too near, and the one of them will hinder the other.  
You should haue considered what was written in the text, and red and weighteth the same; where it is advised that head be taken that the needles bee not one within an others orb, and also you should haue had so much understanding, that in lordships and figures the true distance of the matters specified in the text cannot always bee demonstrated and described in their true proportion, in little plates and pages: and all our great Mathematisians which set down the orbs of all the stars planely, and elements do set it fourth in a little page., but cannot present to our sight and view, the true distances and positions thereof, but onely a little show of their situation, the which if it should be perfectly represented unto us would require not onely a sheet of papour, but rather a large field thereof, and yet the distances would be unperfect and scanted for room, so that an offer to wise men in these matters is sufficient.  
You allcage in the latter end of the 81 page., that the little needle in the bottom of that instrument will give little direction for that purpose.  
certainly he that should use the Inclinatory needle, as you would haue him, had need be a man of great observance, that could place this needle North and South perfectly without a directory needle and compass for that purpose, either within an house, or cabin, or abroad in cloudy weather, and this thing Doctor Gilbert adviseth to do, and to use the little needle fol. 186.  
But you say that this needle is altogether needless because the instrument will find the magnetical Meridian by his least declination under the Horizon.  
I having this needle standing on his foot with a directory needle, did turn and place this instrument to ward the East, and after to the Westward, and I found that the more he was turned either way the less he did ascend and descend by four or five Degrees or more, then he would do being set in his magnetical Meridian, having experimented it now diuers times vpon the occasion of your assertion. But place him perfectly by the directory needle in his magnetical Meridian, and then you shall observe him to ascend and descend to his greatest inclination which is his true place from the Horizon, which here in England I hold to be about seventy degrees, although some tables would haue it be seuentie and two degrees, but diligent observation must clear this point.  
moreover in the 82 page., you observe an other error of mine( which you greatly mistake) saying that that end of the Inclinatorie needle which is prepared to hang towards the North, I would haue it formed somewhat heavier then the other end is, as is usual in horizontal needles.  
Indeed there is a proposition in the 65 page. of my book, that I would haue that end which is touched from the North-end of the Load-stone, to be made lighter to countervail the touching which in the level ends will sway down a little, and although you took hold of the contrary, yet by looking into the place, I do observe something that it may bee you doubt of, the which may be rectified by reason and experience, and therefore we would entreat those Masters and mariners that travell to the East-Indies, that they would make trial thereof by having two Inclinatory needles fitted for their instrument, or else to haue two instruments, the one needle to be made level when he is laid with the Horizon, the other to be a little abated for the sway of the touch, and thus we do commit this point to be determined by these mens reports at their return. Now as concerning the reason, I will allege to prove that one end must be a little abated is this: If there should be no detraction of weight from the end of the needle; then when as the traveler shall draw nere unto the equinoctial within a Degree, ten mile, or a mile of the same, where the Inclinatory needle will show very few Degrees above the Horizon, because he should become almost level with the same, the poles of the world lying very near the Horizon, in these cases, here reason saith that the ouer-weight of the touch will sway the needle below the Horizon, which should be scarce descended to a level with it, as it doth here with us in the compasses& directory needles that haue there counterpoise. And although that with us the Inclinary needle ascending and descending about seuentie degrees from the Horizon, by the conformity he maketh with the magnetical Globe of the Earth, and hanging somewhat prependigular, though a little a slope, this ouer-weight of the touch doth not altar him much from his true Inclination and place though peradventure it doth a little, which diligent observation may teach us better hereafter, some few leaves before this.  
I affirmed that if you did slightly touch the Inclinatory needle with the North-end of your Loadstone, that it would being before level with the Horizon now descend under the same 20.30. or to what else degrees the heaviness of the touch swayed him, which practise proceeded from the weight of the touch, this thing then I set down to follow you in an error the better to demonstrate your own error unto you.  
The Inclinatory needle being equally level at both ends, is like unto the beam of a balance of a pair of fine Scoales, where a grain weight will readily cast the Scoales, yea the Mint Master are so perfect and exquisite in weighing that their Scoales will declare the twentieth part of a grain which they call a Mite. And they haue other lighter subdiuisions to droites, periots even unto very blanks, whereof they haue 24 in one periote, all which there exquisitnesse in weighing they ordinarily use; I think that these Masters were very fit to graduat your needle you speak of in the 59 page., which you would haue to serve any Latitude. But( as I haue delivered before) touch the Inclinatory needle from the midst of it unto the end vpon the pole or tooth of a very good Load-stone some five or six times, that he bee perfectly animated with a quick and full magnetical virtue, then put him into his instrument, and you shall observe that he presently ascendeth by the vigour of the magnetical Globe of the earth, composing himself to his due hight, as nere as may be, in the North quadrant of our Hemispere, and will in no case descend on the Northside under the Horizon, because that all the magnetical conformity from the earth, is to convert this needle, so that he ascend on the North-side, and descend on the South-side to his due angle having much advised and argued with myself about this controversy, why this Inclinatorie needle naturally and most truly ascending on the North-side of our Hemi-sphere, to make his conformity with the North superficies and axis of the earth, should be found by common practise of our workmen, contrariwise to descend on the North-side, and the other end of the needle to ascend on the South-side; yet I do find by Doctor hearts own instruments and his needle well touched and animated, that they do ascend on the North-side, and not descend as he writeth, and therefore to declare the very cause of this usual discent of the needles, being made most artificially and comely by our trimming for destruction sake, either with a cross or with some other such loading devise, whereas it were better and is necessary that the way from the midst of the needles to the ends be always made of equal weight as wires are, or else to be equally lessened from the midst to the ends, when as they shalbe made level before the touch, for I find that a grain weight laid on the end that ascendeth, causeth him with great speed to descend to about seventy two degrees, yea half a grain doth the same, and being very curious herein I observe that one mite loadeth him down in a manner as low, therefore this needle as I haue said is very carefully to be made, that he may haue his natural position with the axis of the Earth, and in use I would aduise that observation be had whether the strength of the touch do decay within certain time or no, as it doth in the directory needle and compass.  
I said immediately before, that the reason wherefore the North-end of the needle did descend, was either because it was ouer-clogged with some devise, so that the magnetical virtue of the whole needle could not erect it above the Horizon, or else that the North-end was more heavy then the South-end though it were not so much as one mite, which will easily cast the descent of that end; for all confess that the making of this needle is very troublesone, that though it be level before touching with the Load-stone, yet somewhat else must be done to make the North-end thereof to fall unto his seventy two Degrees, which must needs be by abating a little of the South end.  
And what is more unnatural and absurd, then to say that the North-pole with us doth descend, and the South-pole to ascend, for what are the ends of the needle, but the poles of the same; yet notwithstanding if workmen cannot make the true and natural ascent of the needle, as afore I haue taught; yet it is a thing worthy to be known by experience, whether the adverse angle which the unnatural site of the needle maketh, may bee found to be the true angle answerable unto the elevation of the pole, which if it fall out to be true, then the instrument thus furnished may be of profitable use, though the situation of the Axis of the needle bee adverse unto the site of the Axis of the earth: for we haue observed that if two wires of equal length and thickness bee thrust thorough their corks, and after they be animated from the ston, if you do place the North-end upward in water, then the wire will compose itself in the magnetical Meridian, and also bend a slope North-wards unto his true angle. After place the other wire in the water with his South-end upwards, and this wire will also set himself in the magnetical Meridian, making the like angle unto the South, which the other did unto the North, so that here it may be expected that ex falsis verum aliquando sequatur, and thus we leave this last matter to be approved by our wise mistress experience.  
You tell us in the 82 and 83 pages, that for navigation under the pole if there be any passage that way, that the Inclinatory needle is the onely instrument of the world, being their strengest and held in a direct line with the Axis of the earth.  
There may be a doubt made of the truth of these words that the needle should be so strong here as you speak, for we cannot find by any experiment intrauelling that the earth doth convert and compass magnetical bodies, by attraction to bee the stronger, although on the Load-stone we find it to be so. For their is a great orb unknown to us and distance between the magnetical Globe of the earth, and the superficies or uppermost part of the same with many interiacent substances, whereby the virtue attractive is become very weak& Magnetical bodies vpon the earth are placed out of the orb of attraction, and only the converting& composing of them is vigorous and available, as wee see in our needles placed far off from the Load-stone, and this assertion is demonstrated by Doctor Gilbert, fol. 195 and 196. where it appeareth, that the Magnet doth no ways attract the needle in his near orb, between the equator and the pole, but onely convert conform and compose the needle to a certain magnetical conformity with his superfices or his axis, and further he proveth that the earth itself doth not attract the long wire thrust through a cork and swimming on the water, that it should descend to the bottom which it doth not, but onely composeth him a slope over the magnetical Meridian, fol. 203. If it should be questioned what use there is of the Inclinatory needle nere the pole beside his declaring of the Latitude, it willbe difficul to answer, becauso you do neither nominate, nor deliver any profitable use thereof, onely you appoint a great instrument at the pole and a less at that equinoctial, because there he standeth goggingly and vnsteadily, but no doubt for the reason before alleged from the conformatiue power, he is steady in all places alike, and ought to haue his instrument of like greatness, for more exacter observation, onely it may be that nere the equinoctial, the heaviness and gravity of touch may be some obstacle in his use, as I haue already delivered.  
And also you set down in the foresaid pages, That the Horizon tall and directory needles, had need of a counterpose, especially in our northern climates, but I haue immediately before shewed, that it is needless against danger of attraction, and only behooueful for equilibration, as well here as there, and you do counsel us to provide great compasses at and nere the equinoctial, and less at the pole, where ther is no use of any, nevertheless you may observe if you please, that between 80 and 90 degrees, there is a great general use of compasses, if first diligent care be had of pricking the card, to set down from what known Meridian they departed, a true reckoning kept of the way they make, with the trenching and capes of lands viewed from their known Meridian, and the distances also esteemed by the quadrat, from the top of the ship, whose heightof the water is one side of the triangle, so that easily the distance to such Capes is known, where it is very convenient to fasten on of these trunk prospective glasses nere and parallel to the sights, as Master Edward Wright did use to do, so that with these few rules I hope the mariner may easily sail in those northern seas always eschewing to come over nere the pole if it may be, which if it should chance he must be sure of his known land,& his other accounts,& although the perfect use of the compass be very much weakened here, and as it were of no use for a little space, yet the other rules and positions carefully observed willbe sufficient directions, and the skilful Pilot will easily return to his known Meridian again. Here I do greatly desire such as it doth concern, not to give over the seeking of a passage unto japan from the back side of King james his Greeneland, for that it is discovered that the seas are open from the North of japan to 63 degrees, where some of our countrymen haue been, and the distance from Greenland thither cannot be much above six or seven hundred leagues, Also I would request all Pilots that sail to Greeneland; and unto the East Indies, that they would make a column in their table of courses, for to set down the angle of the Inclinatorie needle every day as they do the variation, which no doubt would be a great help unto them to find the Latitude, by the variety of tables and means set down in my book of magnetical bodies and Motions.  

A corollary.  
His an ancient figment, first devised by Aristotle, that there is a primum mobile, or first movable which because he would haue it to be the heaven where that fixed stars are placed, this first movable must carry and turn them all with the inferior Planets from the farthest heauens to the moon which is nearest the earth, round about with it, and they that were farthest off this first movable, followed it more slowly and came short of moving out of the East into the West by certain houres or parts; but the first movable with his stars fixed in him as in a vault as he imagined, kept and performed the divrnall motion most justly in twenty and four houres above all the rest.  
But he never suspected or could gather by any reason, that the Earth would salve and ease all this infinite labour, by moving and turning her body easily and exactly, round about in four and twenty houres. For Aristotle being a wise and an acute Philosopher, look what he purposed to prove, he laid a large foundation, and used most demonstrative reasons, beginning from the least pertinent matters and ascending to the greatest; so that this Philosopher is still vulgerly red in the universities at this day, whereby he hath drawn almost all Schollers to be of his opinion, and although that he writ almost eight books before he could well as he thought maintain this assertion and figment of his primum mobile or first movable; yet by the way he is discovered many times, to haue used arguments rather to fit his own purpose, then to demonstrate the truth, for in speaking of Motion, Time, and place, whereof one of them cannot stand without the other, he divideth motion to be circular, right, or obliqne, and whereas he would appoint right motion to these bodies and eliments, which are not existent of themselves, but only are by reason& discourse conceived to be in things mixed and compounded, where the simplo elements themselves are not to be found soly and simply existing or being in this world, which he supposed most certainly: for Galen hath most plainly and truly taught, that no man is able to show that earth which is called that element earth, and so of the rest, because that always there be some other elements mixed with them. Galen reporteth that Aristotle had culled this piece of learning out of Hipocrates the father of all good learning, both in Philosophy and physic, and so Aristotle took that to be existent of himself, which was not, and would give every one of these elements, not onely a place but also a simplo motion, because they were simplo and prime Bodies; but indeed he gave these four elements, but two Motions, the one to move in a right line upward, the other accordingly downward; and the Circular motion, which better befitted the whole earth, he bestowed vpon his far distant body of the firmament where the stars were, which was rather to be esteemed a place for sirmer substances, then any compact body. Notwithstanding he professeth that the earth hath a Globous body, and that it is equilibrated one every side very fitly for motion, and that it is coeternal with the world, which assertion doth not onely prove the earth to be very apt for Circular motion, but also that it doth consist of a quint essence, by those his arguments of eternity. moreover as Aristotle was deceived in giuing the enements which were not, a place one above an other, so likewise he failed about the place of the first movable, for when Hipparchus an exact observer of the fixed stars, and after him Ptolomie had observed that the fixed stars beside the divrnall motion out of the East into the West from the first movable, were noted and observed in certain yeares to move somewhat out of the West into the East, as also from their Southerly place into the North, this great Astronomer ptolemy was faint to fain two heauens more, beside that where the fixed star were seated, the outmost and farthest to be the primum mobile or first movable that moved and carried all the stars after him out of the East into the West by his divrnall motion. The second heaven was to make a motion in certain yeares out of the West into the East to guide the stars in that point. And Aristotles heaven of his first movable must lease this name and properties he gave it, and now is ordained to carry the stars out of their South seat, and to place them more Northerly; because that a simplo motion doth onely appertain unto a simplo body, and the stars having three motions must needs haue them from three simplo bodies, but certainly these supposed heauens be as thin, as simplo, and therefore it is a wonder how they should hold and carry the stars as was supposed, being thick bodies that would soon penetrate these heauens vpon the least motion, being but the same and one Firmament, expounded from the earth to the farthest parts of the world that filleth all emptiness and places, and it agreeth with better reason that God at the Creation gave virtue and power to the natural bodies of the stars to make their motions whether one or many, and not unto these feigned Spheres. Beside we may observe that this firmament wherein we walk and travell is filled with the gross fumes, vapours, and exhalations driven out of the earth, or sucked upwards by the sun and stars, and after a time of engrossing for lack of that heat wherewith they were at first endued, they fall to this earth again, being rather violently carried out or drawn, then naturally ascending, which thing also Aristotle delivereth though somewhat doubtfully, as we daily see in the smoke of our chimneys, that at the first going out ascendeth a little, but after a while flutterateth here and there vncertainely falling again down to the earth, whereout it was forced.  
There be many other imperfections or rather impossibilities which will dissable the first movable, to move his vast greatness round about in four and twenty houres, the which is the way he is to make in this time, for this motion must be of that swiftness and giddiness considiring the greatness of his body and circumference, far beyond that which Aristotle feigned, that he must move diuers thousands of miles in a second minute of an hour, which is far beyond any mans capacity or conceit any way to believe. But to propound a truer matter which will be less trouble and no violence to the stars and planets, let the body of the earth turn about, out of the West into the East from a natural virtue, from within her, which thing Aristotle also conceited, though he did not apply it, and in the space of a fast pulse, or one ticking of a small watch, which is held equal with on second minute of an hour, and thus let the earth pass but one furlong as some think in this little moment of time and the diurnal motion, will truly be performed by her in four and twenty houres, without any danger to high Turrets, Churches or other buildings, taking along with her all the clouds and other exhalations as parts of her, this motion being very easy unto the earth, considering the greatness of her body: and though we no way feel this motion of the earth, being carried in so great a ship and ark, far greater then Noes ark, it maketh no greater marvell that we feel not this moving no more, then we can perceive the suins moving, which notwithstanding we observe to be moved as Cicero reporteth, and we may say that we are moving to and from the sun, though we think the sun to be moved.  
Therefore I may conclude, that the Earth having parts very fit for motion, as her Globious body with equator and parralels ready and apt to obey all internal virtue and power, which shall move and turn her out of the West into the East, in four and twenty houres without any stop or stay, either from her own body, or outwardly by any other body, being fast fixed and firmed with a sure foundation from her creation laid on her two poles, North and South by a strong vigour and virtue, which we haue called else-where magnetical, because the virtue of North and South is observed in a ston called the Magner, which kind of virtue is also demonstrated in the Earth, passing by the Meridians to the poles, as also experimentally the Inclinatory ring with his needle carried about the Earth vpon a Meridian circled, maketh this Circular motion from the Equator to poles and so back again, showing by his variety of application and angles, the Altitude of the pole, a matter beneficial and of great use, for all sea-men and mariners as hath been else-where declared.  
Therefore most naturally and truly the Earth moveth about from the West into the East, in twenty and four houres about the Center of her body, as all the fixed stars do according to Tichobrahe, and the sun doth by others in his due time.  
FINIS.    

Faults in printing.  
page. 1 line 28 for laborius, red and laborius, p. 3 line 2 it is said, re. he is sure, page. 3 l. 22 Cabanet r. Cabinet, p. 4 l. 29 Earths r. earths p. 6 l. 10 Meridians r. the Meridians, p. 7 l. 24 warn r. warm, p. 8 lin. 17. for much move, r. much more, p. 9 li. 28 Mathematicke r. mathematics, p. 10 l. 4 better r. a better, p. 10 l. 8 endt r. end, p. 11 l. 1 river Trent r. river of Trent, p. 11 l. 22. to carry home, r. to carry them home, p. 11. lin. 24 in tenth page., r. in the tenth page., p. 12. li. 32 dissagreeing, r. the dissagreeing, p. 13 l. 20 flowerdelice r. flower-deluce, p. 15 li. 32 midst r. middle p. 16. l. 11 that that, r. that the, p. 17 l. 23 to the r. to be the, p. 17 li. 32 almicanther, r. almicantar, p. 19. li. 29 is a matter, r. it is a matter, p. 20 l. 29 impefections, r. imperfections, p. 21. l. 3 Meridinns, r. Meridians, p. 22 lin. 10 in an, r. into an, p. 22 l. 18 deciued, r. deceived, p. 2● li. 30 Azismuthes, r. Azimuthes, p. 23 l. 5 herd, r. heard, p. 23 l. 25 Torrida zana, red Torrida zonae, p. 25 l. 4 seemeth, r. seemed, p. 26 l. 5 Noth, r. North, p. 28 l. 5 siling r. filing, p. 28 l. 11 skilful and righter, rea. skilfully and rightly, p. 28 line 22 weigheth, r. weighed, p. 28 l. 29 Mathematisians, r. Mathematicians, p. 28 l. 30 stars plainly, r. stars, planets, p. 31 l. 16 altar, r. alter, p. 31 li. 32 mintmaster r. mintmasters, p. 33 l. 1 needle r. needles, p. 38 l. 2 that fixed, r. the fixed, p. 39 l. 9 that, r. the, p. 40 l. 29 expounded, r. expanded.