A TREATISE OF METALLICA.  
but NOT THAT WHICH WAS published by Mr. SIMON STVRTEVANT vpon his Patent, which is now by order canceled and made void, by reason of his standing out-lawed at the time of the grant, and so still continuing, and his neglect, and not performance of the works.  
whereupon privilege, BY Patent, is granted by the Kings most excellent majesty, to John RO●IN●ON, Esquire, for the making of Iron, and other metals and Materials with sea-coal, Pit-cole, &c. for one and thirty yeares. According to which Patent and direction therein, this Treatise, composed by the same John ROVENZON, is published in Print before the end of Easter term, viz. the 15 of May. 1613.  
And containeth a brief Explanation, Demonstration, or discovery of the inventions privileged, and the means, Instruments, engines, Furnaces, &c. with the materials, things, and works to be made by the said fuels.  
The charge of an Iron-worke to work with Sea-cole, is set down in the latter end of this book.  
LONDON.  
Printed for THOMAS THORP. 1613.  

Cum privilegio.    

TO THE KINGS MOST EXCELLENT majesty.  
Most dread sovereign,  
YOur majesty having been pleased to grant unto me sole privilege for one and thirty yeares by your gracious Letters Patents, to make and work Iron, other metals, and diuers other materials with Sea-cole, and such other fuels: wherein it hath pleased God to bless my poor inventions and endeavours, by effecting those works which haue been heretofore worthily attempted by others, though with fruitless success, I held it my duty vpon publication of these inventions, to present the same to your royal view, humbly beseeching your majesty to accept them as a neuer-dying memorial of the late most excellent Prince Henry your son; whose desire of the public good( besides many particular favours which he was pleased to vouchsafe unto me) was the first motive and Author to encourage me to make trial, and to accomplish these works, which I hope will prove so profitable to your majesty, and so enriching to your kingdoms, as you will never haue cause to repent your gracious favour and privilege herein bestowed vpon me. The Lord of heaven and Earth bless and preserve your majesty, your most excellent queen, and hopeful royal Issue.  
Your majesties most humble and obedient subject, John ROVENZON.   

TO THE READER  
IT is not my purpose to commend my inventions of making and working metals, and other Materials, and things with Sea-cole, and such other fuels: What I haue performed herein, in that which hath been held most difficult, by making Iron with Sea-cole, is sufficiently known, to the full satisfaction of some judicial Iron-masters, Founders, and others experienced in Iron-workes, who haue seen one of my Furnaces, and the works therein done. Yet am I far from arrogating all to my own mere invention: For howsoever the main works, and the use of the privileged fuels thereabouts, with the Furnaces, haue been devised and acted by myself in the works of most difficulty; yet many Instruments, operations, and means metallical, being necessary to be used for the better, more easy, and cheap working and effecting the works, I do willingly aclowledge to the world, that the conferences and informations of many my good friends, who haue been desirous to further these works, and the privilege granted by his majesty to me, haue added much to my own inventions, and given great light and furtherance, by means of diuers new-deuisedoperations, instruments, and Engines: Onely thus much more I thought good to give notice; That whereas it pleased the late most excellent Prince deceased, vpon a grant of privilege obtained by his means for one master sturtevant, for the like works, to commit the trust of making and registering of all Indentures and conveyances thereabouts, with acquittances vpon all receipts of money, or other profits thereby to master Ferrour of Graies-Inne, Esquire, his majesties seruant, to the end that every adventurer, and other that was to receive benefit thereby, might haue his due without deceit, or diminishment, which was also agreed unto, and confirmed to master Ferrour, by grant of master sturtevant under his hand and seal: which Patent is by reason of the neglect of performance by master sturtevant, and by his standing out-lawed at the time of the Patent granted, and still so continuing, become forfeited, made void, and canceled. And the like privilege granted by his majesty to me; in regard whereof, and for that master Ferrour hath been my chief assistant, and aid, to effect these works, and an eye-witnesse of all my endeavours therein. And besides, I know and am privy, that it was always the purpose& intention of the late Prince, that vpon my performance of these works, and obtaining his majesties grant of privilege thereupon, master Ferrour should make and register all conveyances and Acquittances that should bee made, by reason of my privilege, as he should haue done, if master Sturteuants had remained in force: I haue therefore authorised master Ferrour, accordingly, to make and register the same, giuing hereby knowledge therof to all whom it may concern; and such as shall be willing, or desirous to adventure, or deal in, or about any thing concerning ought contained within his majesties Letters Patents to me made and granted, that they may repair to master Ferrour at his Chamber in Graies-Inne, or to such other place as he shall appoint, wherein to writ, make, and register the said conveyances, and Acquittances, where they may know of him, in what sort, and vpon what terms and conditions they shall be dealt with. And because some adventurers with Mr. sturtevant, by his neglect& forfeiture, were in danger to sustain loss, such hath been his majesties royal care of such as dis-bursed money, to, or with master sturtevant, by, or vpon mere adventure, to forward the works, that a special clause and proviso is contained in the Indenture of privilege, to me made& granted, that I am to perform and undergo such order for their recompense and satisfaction, as shall be held fit in equity by his majesties Barons of his Highnesse Court of Exchequer. But if such adventurers shall bee willing to make known the manner and truth of their adventures, to me, or master Ferrour, and to treat with us thereabouts, I doubt not but such conclusion shall bee made, as they shall not need to make any further complaint else-where for their relief. To print the whole patent is a work both tedious and superfluous; only the Inducement of his majesties grant, the term of yeares, the effect of the things privileged, and the distribution of the profits, is fit to be made known; to which end I haue caused an Abstract thereof to bee abridged out of the Indenture, and committed to the press, together with the Treatise of Metallica, containing a brief of the means, and manner of the works intended. And so I rest.  
Your loving friend, John rovenzon.   

THE INDVCEMENT to his majesties grant, made to John rovenzon, Esquire, abstracted out of the Indenture of privilege.  
VPON affirmation by Simon sturtevant, that he could perform the works, and had effected the same in small trials, the same John ROVENZON, made known the same to the late Prince his Highnesse, who thereupon, at the humble svit of the said John rovenzon, obtained Letters Patents of privilege to master sturtevant for 31 yeares.  
master sturtevant oft promised to haue performed the works long since in the said late Prince his own view; yet neglected it to his majesties hindrance of profit that might in this space haue accrued, by endeavours of others.  
The late Prince encouraged the said John ROVENZON to make trial if he could perform the works; who, after many chargeable trials by himself and friends, satisfactorily effected the same. The said Prince having been graciously pleased to assure him, that vpon such performance, master Sturteuants Patent should bee delivered up, and made void; and thereupon like privilege should bee granted to the said John rovenzon, according to the effect of his inventions.  
master sturtevant stood out-lawed at the time of the grant to him made, and so still continueth, which was found by office, and his Patent seized, and apprized, and delivered up to bee canceled, which is done, his Patent made void, and privilege granted to the said John rovenzon for one and thirty yeares to work the works, &c.  

The effect of the privilege.  
1 SOle privilege to make Iron and all other metals, Ash-mettals, Bugles, Tiles, Potters-ware, Concrets of boyleryes, &c. with many other things, with Sea-cole, Pit-cole, Earth-cole, &c. The particulars of the things are most of them specified hereafter.  
2 Sole privilege for making all Instruments, Engines, and means, &c. onely for these works; which Instruments, &c. are by this new invention converted to these works, having been heretofore used in other Sciences, Arts, or Mysteries.  
3 Sole privilege for making all the new-devised Furnaces, fireworks, Instruments, Engines, means and inventions, either for the working of the works with the said fuels, or for any other end or purpose whatsoever.  
These are granted in as absolute manner and form as they are contained, or mentioned in the Indenture of privilege, or the Schedules thereunto annexed, or shall be more fully demonstrated, specified, or mentioned in the Treatise of Metallica, to be printed before the last day of Easter term; which Treatise is this present book.  

The distribution of the profits.  
The clear yearly profits are to bee divided into 33 parts, whereof the said John rovenzon is to pay twelve parts to the Kings majesty; five parts to the now Prince his Highnesse; one part to the Lord Viscount Rochester; one part the said John rovenzon is to keep to himself; And the residue, being fourteen parts, are to be distributed by his discretion, and by such proportions as he shall think fit, amongst the Aiders, Assisters, adventurers, and Owners of the works.     

THE TREATISE OF METALLICA.  

The means whereby the works are to bee performed, containing a brief of the new-diuised Instruments, Engines, &c.  
THE INSTRVMENTS, Engines, devises, and means for performance of the works, are either Preparatory before the metals, or Materials come to be wrought; or Preparatory after the Minerals, or fuel drawn; or else are used about the works themselves.  
Preparatory before the metals or Materials come to bee wrought, are the means of most easy and least chargeable getting, and acquiring the Ewers, Minerals, metals, Materials, or fuel, which consisteth in speedy digging, in quick sinking of pits, in speedy removing of impediments that may hinder the digging or sinking of pits; in the easy drawing the Ewers, Minerals, or coals out of the pits; and in the speedy and easy lading forth of the water therein, and draining the pits.  
Preparatory, after the Minerals or fuel drawn, are the more easy and speedy carriage; and after that, the making, drying,& nealing of the Furnaces, and preparing some of the Materials, by beating, burning, or breaking; and others by tempering and commixing, forming, moulding, and then drying and nealing, before the work of burning, or melting be performed.  
The Instruments, Engines, devises, and means used about the works themselves are expressed amongst the new inventions hereafter mentioned.  
There are diuers new-devised Engines for the drawing of water out of cole-mines, or other mines, which may bee also converted to the dra●… king of fens, marrish, or moorish grounds; some of which Engines are to go and work with wheels, and buckets; others with wheels and pumpes: other devises by falls or descents, making waters to mount continually, and may be converted to haue passage through pipes, cocks, or conduits, for serving of Houses, towns, or cities: others are new-devised milns, to go by labour of men, wind, water, horse, or diuers of them together, to raise Hammers, or bellows for metallical works; or to grind, or break metallical Ewers, and Minerals into powder; and may bee employed to drai●ing of mines, coalpits, fens, marrishes, or to such common uses of grinding, fulling, tucking, &c. that other common milns are used for, and will do as much with less charge, toil, and expense.  
A new kind of artificial cloth, devised for Saile-clothes, for the new-devised winde-milnes, made either of linen, or wollen, or both mixed together, by a new kind of weaving, which may be transferred to making of a very broad new kind of Wollen cloth, never heretofore usually made or known, in any of his majesties Dominions,& will serve for curtains or hangings, mentioned in the Schedules, annexed to the said Indenture of privilege, and may bee so dyed in wool, and woven by this new kind of weaving, and dressed on both sides, that it shall bee of two several colours; one colour( as green, or any other colour) on the one side; and blew, or crimson, or any other colour, on the other side; the cloth being much finer then any now usually made, and saving abundance of wool, by using less in weight, and thereby increasing the number of clothes; and yet as durable, or more durable then the now usual broad-clothes, and reasonable cheap to be bought, and are some of them to be made two yards broad, so as a cloak may be made thereof without seam. The making hereof will set more people( by many) on work, then the clothing in common use.  
There is a new-devised Engine which will either with Awgors, bore holes, under the clampes of Sea-cole, or Pit-cole, or any other mineral, or with a raping wheel, make such Rigals that they may fall the easier, and with less charge, and toil of men, and will serve for many other uses.  
certain new-devised Engines for the pulling up of great roots of trees, or great stones, with one mans strength at once: which roots and stones may otherwise hinder the speedy digging and sinking of coalpits, or mines.  
A new-devised Engine, or Instrument for sawing of timber for props, or otherwise in mines; or for sawing Free-stones, or Fire-stones, or for Furnaces, which with one mans labour will saw as much as six or eight men now usually saw, and may bee converted to sawing of boards, or other things, or to raping of Log-wood, brasil, or other woods for dying▪  
Diuers new-devised Turne-barrels, or motions for Turne-barrels, for the easy drawing of coals out of the coalpits, or other minerals out of mines, and may bee converted to vnloding, or raising of any thing of great weight, for ships, or for building.  
certain new devises, or engines to ease Carts, and wanes in carriage of coals, or other minerals, half in half; and may be converted to Coaches, Caroches, and other carriages; so as two horses may draw as much as four do usually: And by this device, and engines, with some other additions, three ploughs, in light ground, and two ploughs in other ground, may bee made to go and work with one man onely, and as few cattle as are now used for one plow, ridding twice or thrice as much work in one day.  
A new devise, engine, or means for the easy rowing of Barges and Boats, for carriage of coals, metals, or any other thing.  
A device, or engine for the drawing up such Barges or Boats through weeres or locks for their speedier passage and carriage.  
certain new-devised Carriages, Carts, or wanes, to bee made to go, or travell alone, by reason of certain motions, or screws to bee used by one man; and in some a horse may bee set, onely to turn withall: and these carriages will carry thir●● hundred weight at once, an ordinary place, and an usual dayes journey, and may bee converted to Coaches, Caroches, and other common carriages.  
Diuers new-devised Engines, Instruments, and means for the rearing of Hammers or Bellows for Iron-milnes, or works, or other metallical operations, and may be converted to the dressing, rowing, and fulling of cloath; and also to the sawing of timber, so as one man may perform as much as many. And some of these engines will make both bellows and Hammer to work at once, and with one and the same engine, and with one mans labour, without wind or water.  
A new-devised Engine or Instrument to dig with, which with labour of two men shall perform as much as twenty men, and serveth chiefly for the speedy and easy getting of the fuels of pet, and turf, and is of excellent use for the speedy cutting and scouring of riuers.  
Diuers new-devised means or engines, whereby a breach in any bank, or stoppage, for conveying of water out of coalpits, or mines, the dambe or pool of any Iron-mill, or other-mill, may be speedily, and easily stopped; and may be converted to stop any breach in the banks of any riuers, or sea-bankes  
The press and mould and Instruments devised, or used for making of Presse-wares.  
Diuers new-devised fireworks, instruments, or kilnes to put fire into, which are to be made of Iron, or other metals, or materials, with funnels, or passages to vent the smoke, are devised to dry and neal furnaces, before full fire be put therein, and serve also to dry potters ware, before it be burnt; and may bee of excellent use in ordinary kilnes to dry malt, starch, hops, saffron, or any such thing, with New-castle sea-cole, or any other sea-cole, or pit-cole; or with any turf, pet, or flag; so as the malt, or other thing shall be dried exceeding sweet and faire, without sent, taint or touch of the fuel, or any smoke proceeding there-from.  
A new-devised ventible, round,& hollow, with a long spout to be made of some mettall, or potters earth, wherein water being put, and the same placed on a fire, as it heateth, and the water euaporateth by the spout, it maketh a continual blast to kindle, or increase the fire in furnaces, or fireworks, and may be converted to many other excellent uses; and the same may be so made in several pieces with the top or vpper part removable at pleasure, so as the lower part being made to stand on feet, may serve at pleasure for a possenet, skellet, or boylatory; and when the top is put on, and well fastened and luted, it may then serve for the ventible to make the blast.  
For such of the works as require light to work by in the night, being distant from the places where the Furnaces are, there is a new-devised luminary of glass, or glasses filled with water,& a candle placed to give light through it, which giveth a very great light a great distance off, with small charge; and may be converted to excellent use, being placed in high places, in crosse-wayes, and streets of cities and towns, to the saving of lantern, and candlelight, and the avoiding of inconveniences happening by darkness.   

The Description of the Furnaces, and fireworks, and Additaments.  
FVrnaces are either such as are not of division, wherein the mettall or material, to be melted, or wrought, lieth together in one place vndiuided: or Furnaces of division, wherein the mettall or material to be melted, or wrought, is kept divided from the fuel in several places; so as no substance of the fuel, but onely the heat and flamme thereof can touch the mettall or material.  
The Furnaces, or fireworks of division may be made with bellows, or without bellows, as wind-furnaces, which are best, and least chargeable.  
These Furnaces may bee made to haue the flamme come up in the midst, with a cistern, or Hearth, wherein the mettall lieth on all sides encompassing the flamme; or else the flamme may come up betwixt two, or more cisterns or Hearths; or else the flamme may come up on one side of the Hearth, or cistern, or on both sides, or in several angles, or places, without the Hearthes or cisterns, at pleasure of the owner.  
The fuel always lying on grates without the cistern or Hearth, through which grates the air, or wind gathereth, and so maketh the fire to burn, the Ashes falling through the grates.  
The Furnaces or Fire-works may be made round, or long, or triangular, or quadrangular, or with more angles, or part circular, or semi-circular, or part angular, or in as many several forms or fashions as the owner pleaseth; and in every of them the works may be wrought, though in some better, or more readily then in others.  
The Furnaces may be made with one, two, three, or more cisterns, or Hearthes, to contain the ewers, or metals to bee melted, or wrought, so as one, two, three, or more sows of Iron, or other mettal, may be made to run all out at once, and every of them of as great or greater weight as any sows now ordinarily cast.  
The Furnaces may bee made either close on the top, with some vent-holes, and so merely reuerberatory, the metals, or materials to bee melted, or wrought lying in the cistern or Hearth before it be melted, and is therein melted, and thence run forth.  
Or else the furnaces may be made with one, or more funels, as it were attorneys on the top, or in the sides, or ends, with grates of free-stone made in the bottoms of those funnels, placed right over the cisterns, or Hearthes: in which funnels the materials, to be melted, may be put, and the flamme and fire shall haue only passage through those funnels, there melting the materials; so as they fall melted thence into the cisterns and Hearthes, where they are cleansed, and thence run forth into sows.  
The Furnaces may be made with out-wings, into which the flamme may pass by vent-holes, or without such out-wings. These out-wings may serve to roast the ewer, or for many other purposes.  
The Furnaces may be made with convenient places therein for the Finery and Chaffery; so as one& the same furnace, with one and the same charge of fire, may serve both to melt, cleanse, and fine the metals, and to do all the works at once,& in one place, that are now done in several places, by furnace, Finery, and Chaffery; and may bee set up close at the mine, with an engine to raise the hammer, &c. with one mans labour, there to be used without trouble of carriage, and without the charge of any watermilne.  
The Furnaces may be made great and fixed for greater works; or small and movable, for smaller works, and trials; and by conveying, circling, or twining pipes of mettal, or burnt earth, through any of them, through which pipes water may haue passage, the one end thereof being fastened on a cock or conduit, and the other end kept stopped with a cock, or otherwise, and opened at pleasure. It may be made to run hot water continually, or so long as the party pleaseth to use it; and then being removed, the main cock or conduit may run could water again. All which may be performed with far less charge then is now used in heating of cauldrons, kettles, or receivers of water by Felt-makers, Launderers, or any others.  
One and the same furnace may be so contrived and made, as it may do all the works metallical of burning, melting, fining, &c. the Ewer or Mettall: And also the work of any boylery, to gather the concrete thereof, or for any other purpose; and also to make a cock, or conduit run hot water; and also to make Bugles, China work, and glasse-worke therein. And to bake and burn potters-ware, and other burntearthes, or as many of those several works as the owner pleaseth to be done at one and the same time, with one and the same fire.  
All boylatories of things liquid, and all kilnes to dry Malt, or other things,& all clampes or kilnes to burn tiles, or potters-ware, or any thing of burnt earth( except onely where New-castle Sea-cole is intermixed in burning of bricks) are fireworks of division.  
The said metals of Iron, &c. may bee also made with the said fuels in common Blomeries, Fineries, and Chafferies, but much better in Blomeries, Fineries and Chafferies of division, which are of new invention, not yet usually used about the said works, wherein the materials, to bee melted or wrought, may be kept divided, from touch of the fuels.  
certain new devises in framing of attorneys, and other things thereabouts, for drying of earthen vessels, before they be burnt, and for drying of concrets made by boyleries; which devises may be transferred to common attorneys, whereby half the fuel, now spent therein, may be saved.  
certain new devised vessels, or cauldrons, made of wood, or mettall, or both, for boiling of liquours, or wort for Brewers, or others.  
There are certain Fluxes, and Additaments for the speedier and more perfect melting, separating, and purifying of Iron, and other metals from their slagge, dross, and cyndar; as transparent or glassy stones, or sand, Criso●all, or Borax, gull of glass, glass beaten to powder; and for small trials of tin, or led, Soap, or Wax, or some fatty substance, are pro[er Additraments; and led itself is fit for separating of other metals: The slagge of former melted metals, as the slagge of Iron to melt and purifiy Iron over, for which also lime and ashes of wood, and dust of char-coale, are used; and for small trials, Arsnicke, sulphur, Vitriol, Tartar, Saltgemme, Salt-niter, and Stybium, some of which may be also used in greater works, for which also saltpeter is by new invention devised to bee made cheap, and in one place continually, without trouble of digging of houses, or Stables, and may bee converted to make gun-powder in abundance.  
There is also some special new devised Additraments, for the more speedy and perfect separating& purifying of Iron, from the slag, dross, and cynder, in making of Iron with royal, or other the privileged fuels; which special Additraments are specified and declared in writing, with the descriptions, or models of diuers engines, instruments, devises, and inventions drawn in parchment, and remaining in custody of the fore-named John Ferrour.  
A new devised stove, for the opening and better dressing of wool, with a new kind of dressing, and spinning thereof, for a new kind of clothing.   

The Materials and things to bee melted, made, or wrought, by the fuels of Sea-cole, &c.  
ALL Ewers, or oars, and metals of Iron, steel, brass, Copper, latin, tin, Pewter, led, Alchimy-ware, Bel-mettals, Candlestickemettals, and all other metals and minerals whatsoever, either simplo, or commixed.  
All Ash-mettals, Sand-mettals, Bugles, Ammels, and all other things whatsoever, simplo, or commixed, to be melted, made, or wrought, or converted into any stony, or glassy substance.  
All burnt earths, earthen vessels, stone-pots, earthen-pots, Potters-ware, Tobacco-pipes, pipes of earth, cast Iron, or other Mettall, or stuff whatsoever to convey water in; pauing-stones, Mantletrees for chimneyes, pillars, monions for windows, or other ornaments of burnt earth, artificial marble, or things of burnt earth like marble; burnt earth like free-stone, or other ston for building, or other uses; tiles, way-earthes, lime, plasters, the making, moulding, perfecting and burning of certain white earthen vessels, painted with diuers colours, commonly called by the name, or names of Fatanza vessel;& a certain earthen vessel of Iaspercolour, or such as are brought out of the Straights, Italy, spain, France, Germany, and the low Countries, together with pauing-tiles, chymney-peeces, monions for windows, and such other things framed and fashioned of earth, not usually heretofore made in any of his majesties Dominions or Countries: and all things whatsoever, made, or to bee made of earth, and then burnt, or hardened.  
All kind of Presse-ware, to be made by press and mould, or either of them, and framed or fashioned of earth, or other stuff or substance.  
brick may be made with pit-cole, or stone-cole, or any other of the privileged fuels, better then with New-castle sea-cole, without danger of that loss which oft happeneth by New-castle coal; which, as it is now used, doth many times spoil much of the bricke-clampe by making it run together in a lump.  
All boyleries, and hot waters, and all concrets gathered by boyleries, all Copperosses, Allomes, saltpetre to be made in one place continually, without trouble of digging houses, or stables, being a new invention. Sugers, Rosins, Gums, Turpentines, Waxes, Tallowes, Sopes, the making, boiling, and perfecting of certain Sopes, called white Sopes, hard soap, sweet soap, and Castle-sope, not usually heretofore made in any of his majesties Dominions or Countries oils, distilled waters, commixtures, and all other boyleries, or dicoctions whatsoever, heretofore boiled or heated usually with wood fuel, or char-cole.  
converting, or making of Iron into steel, or Copper.  
The burning of any weeds, or herbs, or other thing into ashes; or any stony, or glassy substance for Dyers or Glasse-makers.  
Extractions of silver out of led, or led ewer, or either of them, converting of led, or led ewer into litarge, or into white, or read led, or into Caeruse.  
A new-devised stuff wherewith ships, boats, or other vessels may be trimmed as cheap as now they are; and shall endure ten yeares together water-tite, without new-dressing, or hurt by moss, or worms, so as they run not on grauelly shelves; and will bee exceeding good to preserve all timber-workes from worms and rotting, a small example, or parcel of the stuff remaineth in custody of Mr. Ferrour.  
A new devised hard congealed stuff, which will make a liquour, or commixture, which will fix false dying-woods, so as they will endure all could and wearing trials, and much more; as may appear by a Certificate made to the right Ho: the Lords of his majesties most honourable privy council, by the Lo: Mayor, and Recorder of London, on behalf, of that friend, by whose information the said John Rovenzon attained to this invention: An ensample, or parcel of this congealed stuff remaineth in custody of M. Ferrour.  
All chemical works, and operations whatsoever hitherto done usually, by fire of wood, or charcoal, may by these new inventions, means, instruments, or operations, be made, wrought, or done by fire made with Sea-cole, pit-cole, and other the privileged fuels.  
The Models of all, or most engines, and instruments before mentioned, remain in the custody of the said M. Ferrour, and had been now expressed in Print, but that the shortness of time limited for the Impression hereof will not permit. To express the Furnaces by model is needless, in regard that some of them haue been already set up by me the now Patentee; and beside, they may be varied into so many several forms and figures, according to the several humors of the owners, as cannot be well expressed by models.   

The Charge of an Iron-worke, or Furnace.  
1 A Reasonable, or convenient house close by the mine, to set the furnace in, so as carriage of the ewer shall be thereby saved: the charge of that house cannot be great.  
2 The Furnace itself to work withall( which shal do as much, or more then any Furnaces now used with char-cole) may bee set up in the Country, for less then ten pounds charges, if their Fire-stone bee not fetched too far.  
Vpon decay of the Furnace in the fire-stone or hearth, the one end of the Furnace may bee pulled down, and a new fire-stone, or hearth put in, and the Furnace reedified and built all again for forty shillings charge, or less.  
The Furnace being a winde-furnace( which is best) saveth the charge of the bellows, and of a milne to make them blow. And the Engine to raise the hammer for the Finery and Chaffery, by help of one man, saveth the charge of the milns for the Finery and Chaffery: and if the Engine, Finery and Chaffery be set up in the place where the Furnace to make Sow-Iron is, which may well be done; it will save the charge of infinite carriage of coal, ston, and Sow-Iron.  
The Furnace may be so contrived, that it may serve also for Finery, and Chaffery; so as the Sow-Iron may bee fined at one time, and in one and the same Furnace, where it is made Sow-Iron.  
After the Furnace cometh to full heat, which will be after 8 or 9 dayes, or fewer, heating and nealing by degrees, every tun of Sow-Iron will not require, for the most part, above a Tun of pit-cole to be made withall.  
Whereas an Iron-worke cannot be well set up, and set on work, after the usual manner, without a 1000 pound, or 1500 pound dis-bursement, and stock; now, by this new invention, an 100 l' stock will perform as much with sea-coal, and the new-devised Furnaces, having a convenient house to set the Furnace in.   
FINIS.