〈◇〉 true and only Causes of the want of Money in these Kingdoms; And the Remedies. Mentioned in these General Assertions, in order to more particular Demonstrations, how these kingdoms may yet be made the Richest, and most Powerful, Kingdoms in the World.  

THese Kingdoms may be Exceedingly increased in Riches and Power, by the industrious Labours of the multitude, carefully, and diligently Employed, to preserve, Improve, and increase, their most profitable native Produce, Manufactures, and Shipping, for by Improving and Increasing them, our Exportations will be much Increased.  
2. But our Exportations may be very great, and yet these Kingdoms may in a short time become very poor, weak, and contemptible, if there should be more goods Imported, and consumed in these Kingdoms, then the yearly valves of our Native Produce, and of our Manufactures Exported, shall amount unto.  
3. For the vain and excessive wasting of the inhabitants( especially upon foreign Growth, and Manufactures) maintains their poor; and Exports our Stock, and discourageth, and Impoverisheth our Poor, and our Artificers, who leave us, and enrich foreigners. And these are the true causes of the want of Money in these Kingdoms.  
4. For though all our Exportations and Importations in Trade will be near equal in value, accounting the valves in foreign parts( first deducting the charges there) of what is Exported ●… her, or imported from thence by us, and accounting the charges, and valves in these Kingdoms, of what is Imported or Exported by foreigners.  
5. Yet if the valves Exported, be more then of Goods Imported and consumed, the Remainder( to make it equal in value) will be Imported in Bullion, Plate, Money, or Jewels, or will be converted ●… to a Trading Stock for the future benefit of these Kingdoms. For the yearly increase thereof will be so much added to our Exportation.  
6. Though therefore particular persons should be much Impoverished, by idly misspending too much time, and Money, in game, and Drinking, or in Plays, shows, and such like divertions, or by ●… igious, unprofitable Law-suits, occasioning the neglect of grater concernments, or by being cheated, by Thefts, Lotteries, excessive usery, by Extortions, or by colour of office,  
7. Yet if( by Increasing the profitable labours of the Inhabitants, and moderate using them) our Exportations should be much increased, and if by our forbearing excessive Consumptions of the foreign ●… oduce, and Manufactures, our Importations should be decreased, then would the Merchants bring into these Kingdoms as much in value( to increase the Riches and strength thereof) as our Exportati●… s are more then our Consumptions of the said Forregin, Produce, and Manufactures.   

To Export more then we Import and Consume.  
8. Our Exportations should be Increased, and our Importations diminished; which may be effected by the industrious Inhabitants diligently, and profitably employed, to Increase and Improve their most ●… ofitable Native Produce, manufactures, and Shipping; and to invite in useful foreigners to assist us therein; and by forbearing foreign superfluous trifles; and moderate using their more necessary goods.  


To Increase our Exportations. 

May Increase and Improve 

Their Native Produce. 

By being Industriously, diligently, and Artificially employed, to increase, preserve, and improve, the most profitable, and useful of them, and by spending frugally out of them,  
And what may( by frugality) be spared there out, might be Exported, and vended, at seasonable times, upon reasonable restrictions, and customs first paid.    
Manufactures 

By making them good, to increase their esteem, 

employing none to make any for foreign sail, but such as are approved of, to be able Artists.  
Punishing those that make them Defective. 

If the Cities, and Corporations, most conveniently seated for clothing should, have the searching, and sealing of them( the Kings Aulnager being first satisfied) then if they seal any Defective Clothes, they might forfeit the valves according to the Statute of the 4th and 5th. of Phil. and Mary, Chap. 5.    
Rewarding those that make them best. These Cities, and Corporations would emulate, and strive to excel each others in making good Clothes.    
By affording them cheapest to increase their vent. 

By the diligent industry, and frugality, of those that are employed therein; and by lessening the superfluous Excess, and number, of foreign retailers,  
By inhabiting the cheapest( convenient) places for making them, and by Exporting them from The nearest Ports,( not to the next) but best markets.  
By using all advantages of Arts, engines, and creatures, to spare the labour of carriage, and of doing that by many, which may as well be done, by a few.  
By paying small Interest for money. 

Whereby they that take up Money to employ in Increasing, or improving, our Produce, or Manufactures, and the Merchants that take up Money to Trade with, may afford them cheaper: Onely plenty of Money makes Interest low, Et contra.    
But Erecting Lumbards, or banks of charity, would much help the indigent, industrious poor, and abate the Extorsive Usury, practised on them.  
By small Taxes upon such of the Inhabitants as are employed in making Manufactures and in the most profitable Labours.  
By small customs on such wrought goods Exported as foreigners can as well make, and on such unwrought goods Imported, as are useful to us.    
By using them ourselves. 

Prohibiting the Importation of Destructive, or needless Manufactures, such as would serve but to corrupt the natives.  
Putting great Customs on wrought goods Imported( if Bulky) and unwrought goods Exported.  
All concerned in the making, or Disposing of them( especially our factors) should, by their Examples, invite others to use them.      
And shipping 

By Building in the cheapest, and convenientest places, such great Ships, and Busses, as may be most supposable for the Voyages, Ports, and Fishings, for which they are intended.  
By Increasing and encouraging. 

Merchants, 

By special privileges, and Immunities. 

To delight, and become Expert in Merchantdising, and in Building Ships rather then Houses.  
To gain most of the Exportation, Importation, and Transportation, to themselves.    
By erecting four or five Companies, and Counsels for Trade, to whom all Ports may be free for Goods Imported by them tell sold, and who by other special privileges might be encouraged and enabled. 

To govern and regulate skilfully, our Manufacture.  
To employ, and improve, the Kingdoms Stock, and public banks, in Trade,  
To increase, improve, and settle, our Plantations.  
To enrich these Kingdoms, by increasing, and improving, our most profitable fishings.    
By suffering them to trade to any of our Plantations, and( as freely as any foreigners) to any part of the world, they employing( most, of) our native Seamen    
Seamen. 

By some convenient free Ports for his Majesties Subjects( employing most the Native Seamen) to increase, our Transportation.  
By freeing their Persons from Imprisonments, for small debts, or in Personal Actions, between private persons.  
By employing them in Land Services, or southern Voyages, or the Coal-Trade, or in fishing in Pinks, &c. in the winter.          
May invite Foreigners. 

To labour for our benefit. 

As a considerable in number, of Seamen, and Fishermen, and such as might be usefully employed, to increase the vast Trades, of Transportation, and Fishing.  
And such Artists as are best skilled, in building Ships, or Busses, &c. and in the linen, woollen, and Silk, Manufactures.    
To employ our Natives. 

As all Merchants, and others, that will Trade, or employ their stocks, in our Ships, or Companies, or in their Banks.  
All industrious persons( comforming to the Government of our Plantations) might profitably be admitted, to Plant, in any of them.        
To diminish our Importations. 

May forbear to Import, or exceed in, foreign Lace, Ribonds, Pictures, or such like unnecessary, and useless Trifles.  
May moderately use. 

Meat, and drink; laying greater customs on wines fruits, spice, sugar, and Tobacco, and on other unnecessary foreign Superfluities.  
clothing; settling constant decent frugal fashions according to the several qualities of persons, consuming therein sparing, foreign Manufactures.  
Building; prohibiting Building for seven years upon any new foundations, excepting Sea Port Towns, or near some Navigable River.  
Furnitures, the usefulness should be more regarded therein, then the costliness.    
May lessen the excessive number of Coaches, able Idlers; and Idle debauched Servants. Such servants should be taught Trades, at Idle times, to prevent their future beggary.      
Thus by our diligent care, and labour, in increasing and improving our useful Native Produce, Manufactures, and shipping, and by our frugal, and careful, use of them, we may benefit ourselves, and ●… ld, for supplying their wants we may enrich ourselves, and by being useful to them, may increase their friendship to us, and dependence upon us.  
And( although it is of greatest concernment to these Kingdoms so much to improve, and increase, our Produce, Manufactures, and Shipping, wherein our wealth, and safety consists, that there should 〈◇〉 want inhabitants for these profitable employments, then employments for the Inhabitants) yet if any of the Inhabitants should not be fully employed therein, it would be advantageous, to employ 〈◇〉 mending High-ways or in making Bridges or Causwaies, that thereby the Portage of Goods may be easier, and cheaper, or in making Keys, or Moles for Shipping, or in mending Harbours, or in ●… king Sea Ports, or in setting up Land Marks, or in such like employments, for the security of Shipping.  
Or it would be safer, more profitable, and less chargeable, to these Kingdoms to employ the poor, that want other employments, in making enclosures, or Fortifications, or in planting Trees, or in ●… g Store-Houses, or Work-Houses, or other public structures, then to suffer them to be idle, and take ill courses.  
The better to explain these assertions, it may be considered, that fruitful Countreys, so well provided with all necessaries for Food and raiment, &c. that they can Export more of them to strangers, the●… ●…ed to Import, and consume, may preserve themselves from being Impoverished, though they should have little or no foreign Trade, and may maintain themselves with necessaries, though half ●…●… nts, that are able and fit to work should be idle or unprofitably employed.  
These three Kingdoms are such, and therefore if eight Millions of the Inhabytants thereof are able to work, four Millions of them are sufficient to provide necessaries for them all.  
And though two Millions of the other four were employed in providing for the superfluous delights, and pleasures, of the Inhabitants, yet if they would exceed no more then the value of what the tw●… 〈◇〉 can provide, any part of the other two Millions might be employed in the wars, or in any other public employments, and these Kingdoms would not be impoverished by maintaining them.  
This will hold proportionably to the number of Inhabitants that are really in these Kingdoms, so that a fourth part may well be employed, by his Majesty, or his Subjects in the wars, or towards the i●… 〈◇〉 the strength; and Riches, of these Kingdoms;  
Then his Majesty doth not employ the tenth part of those he might well employ without Impoverishing these Kingdoms, if the idleness; and excess, of the Inhabitants did not hinder.  
We may likewise consider, that if the Riches and consequently the strength of these Kingdoms are decreased( as certainly they are) it is not the greatness of Taxes which( being well expended) is b●… ●… uting of it by those that are rich to those that are poorer amongst us) that causeth the decrease; but because the greatest part of those that are able, and fit to work, are idle; or labour in vain, by spen●… ●… e only in providing to maintain, the excessive, and wasteful, expenses of themselves, and of the other Inhabitants, and such do no more increase the Riches, and strength of these Kingdoms, 〈…〉 ●… ased by them, if they remained idle.  
For these Kingdoms are at as much charge to maintain such, as live idly, or are employed only in providing to maintain the excessive expenses, of themselves, and the rest of the inhabitan●… 〈…〉 ●… r more impoverished by maintaining them, then they would be if they paid so much in Taxes as would maintain as many Souldiers though their poverty comes more incensibly upon 〈…〉 ●… paing Taxes.  
That customs, and import excise may be so laid on, and ordered, that the inhabitants of these Kingdoms, may grow richer by them, then they would, if they were wholly taken away.  
And( though Land Taxes were more then double what they are now) the Inhabitants of these Kingdoms, may be so employed, that most may find plenty, and few want, and these Kingd●… 〈…〉 ●… y be made the Richest, the most powerful, and flourishing, Kingdoms, and his Majesty may become the most Powerful, and the Richest Monarch, in the World, without any injustice to 〈…〉 and with little effusion of Blood. All which, and much more shall at convenient opportunities ( God willing) be fully Demonstrated, By J. H. Esq;    

The second Edition, Corrected and Enlarged  
With All 〈…〉  
LONDON, Pri●… 〈…〉