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THE SELIGMAN LIBRARY OF ECONOMICS  
PURCHASED BY THE UNIVERSITY 1929   

SHORT Notes and Observations DRAWN FROM The present decaying condition of this Kingdom in Point of TRADE, Laid down in TWELVE PARTICULARS Some of which might( if seasonably applied) possibly contribute to our Recovery.  

I. Against Transportation of our Wools, &c.  
II. Reformation in our Manufactures.  
III. To encourage our Fishings.  
IV. All persons, as well Strangers as English, that shall contribute to the increase of our Manufactures, to be equally encouraged.  
V. All Commodities employed in our Manufactures, as well as our Manufactures, to be free of custom, or other Imposition whatsoever.  
VI. Vain and unnecessary Commodities to be most laden with Duties.  
VII. foreign Commodities Exported, to have the whole custom paid back.  
VIII. Ireland to be encouraged in setting up of Woollen Manufactures.  
IX. A free Trade to Virginia, is the only way to make that country thrive.  
X. His Majesties Revenue will be best laid for the Nation in general, where it shall least burden or disturb Trade.  
XI. Of Officers to be employed in the Management of His Majesties Revenue.  
XII. To Restrain our great Excess in Apparel, &c.   
LONDON: Printed in the Year, M DC LXII.   

Short Notes and Observations drawn from the present decaying condition of this Kingdom, in Point of Trade, laid down in Twelve particulars; some of which might( if seasonally applied) possibly contribute to our Recovery.  
I. THat our Laws against the Transportation of our English and Irish Wools, and Yarn, and Fullers-earth, may be further strengthened, where they are found deficient; because we are thereby at presenr robbed of our best and most Staple-Trade. The French, Dutch, Flemings, and others, have at present those vast quantities and constant Supplies from us, as that they therewith give employment to at least 200000. 
The Dutch, French, &c. keep 200000 persons in work on our Wools.  persons, whilst we must sadly look upon, and maintain as many of our own poor, who are rendered miserable for want of Work: And this destroys and spoils our Trade every where, because they having our Wools in so great plenty, can make Cloth very much cheaper than we can deliver it to them, which otherwise 'twere impossible for them to do. This evil being prevented, we should not only have opportunity to employ our own Poor, but, sell so much the more of our Commodities in foreign parts; by which we should gain the whole manufacture and benefit of our industry of so much Wool as they now steal from us, which would be of very high honour and advantage to these Kingdoms. Certainly, tis an Error in those Gentlemen, who are of an opinion, 
Wools the cheaper in England, because so much is Transported.  that they should not be able to make any thing valuable of their Wools, if there were not so much Transported( they will see no further then their present Market); but I am sure 'twere better for them, and for the Nation in general( if we have an overplus of Wool) to buy it up upon a public Stock, and burn so much as we cannot work up, rather than 
'twere better for us to burn our Wools, then sell them to Strangers.  to sell it to foreigners. The Dutch very prudently observe somewhat the same Method in another case, which is worthy here to be taken notice of. 'tis well known that the East-India Company of Holland are at present Masters of the 
The Dutch in another case observe the like order in the East-Indies.  Grand Spice-Trade in India; they consider and calculate what quantities of each sort they ought to bring home to furnish their several Markets; and in such a way and proportion of Importation, as to keep up the Price and Reputation of their Commodity; and therefore if they find they have too great a Crop in India, they only bring home their just proportion, and burn all the rest, and yet lose not a penny thereby, but 'tis those that come to buy of them that pay for what is burned; because they not only save so much freight and Charges, but make as much or more of what they Import, than if they had brought home their full Crop, to glut or overly the Market. From whence I think I might conclude, that our Wools are the less wor●h with us at home, and our Manufactures the less in esteem abroad; because so much Wool is Transported and Manufactured in foreign parts. There are good Laws already in force against this evil, but either they are not well executed, or do not reach fully home; Somewhat is yet wanting which might be easily provided for.  
II. That the good old Laws for more faithful working of our Woollen, and all other Manufactures, may be revived 
Strengthen our Laws for the more faithful working of our Cloth.  and executed, according to their true intent and meaning; and may be further strengthened by such other new Laws, as our present condition may most require; wherein there will certainly want some Alterations and Amendments. We have been so grossly faulty herein, every way, that our Neighbours have, without any great difficulty, got ground of us; they being very exact in all their Manufactures; and we, on the contrary, have lost very much of our former reputation in foreign parts by our remissness. A well appointed Committee would soon discover many abuses herein, and direct to a very good Reformation. There are at present many 
That all old Grants and Patents intended for the benefit of our Manufactures may be more faithfully executed or made voided.  old Patents in force, which were at first granted upon just and honourable grounds; but at present, the only Design of them is, how to gather up the fees and deuce allotted for the Officers or Undertakers; never taking care duly to visit the several Commodities, which they are bound to do: By which neglect( or, which is worse, Fraud) all persons are left at liberty to work and sell as they please. This, I am sure, is one of our grand National Concernments, and Grievances.  
III. That our Fishings may be Protected and encouraged, by all good ways and means: which will not only give a 
encourage our Fishing.  constant employment to our Poor of both Sexes; but also, wonderfully enrich the Nation. His Majesty hath been very plentifully gracious in his late Grant for the propagating of this Honourable Design; every particular whereof, I am confident, will be very Religiously observed, how busy soever some would be to persuade His Majesty to deface his Commission, in that part of it which grants the returns of Fish, as well as the Fish, to be Custom-free for seven years; whereby they would insinuate to His Majesty, how considerable his loss 
Some appear too busy in their endeavour to persuade the King to deface His late Commission or Patent.  would be in his Customs, having no respect to the high and many advantages that His Majesty, and the whole Kingdom, will receive, by the employment and industry of so many thousands of persons as will be concerned therein, abundantly transcending any such petty loss as they can make out will fall on the Customs. Besides, they will not consider, that if His Majesty lose it in his Customs, it goes not into particular Purses, every Consumptioner having his share of it; and therefore His Subjects will be hereby the better able, and more ready, to double that sum to His Majesty upon all occasions. His Majesty knows very well, that great designs are commonly attended with great Difficulties; this business of the Fishing is of high Concernment, the entrance upon it will require large disbursements, and very great care and pains, and the profit is hardly to be discerned at so great a distance; whosoever expects to be a gainer the three first years, may be mistaken; and therefore His Majesty out of His Royal Grace hath been pleased to invite his people to engage in this honourable and charitable Work; by granting them great Immunities, and particularly that of freeing them from the Customs for seven years; as a part of the returns of all their pains and hazards to which they must necessary be liable. But the true meaning and design of some herein is 
Tis by the Fishing chiefly that the Dutch are arrived to that height of wealth and power by Sea and Land. ( I fear) to stifle this good Design, because it will threaten and unsettle their profit, as Officers, or Farmers, very much, and take off much of that opportunity, which they now have or may have by the Customs in their places, not only to wrong His Majesty, but the Kingdom in general. In a word, if we should yet be so unhappy as that his Majesty should be induced by the subtlety of such persons, to recall but that one clause, I should then remain but with very small hopes of any vigorous proceedings in that noble Fishing-design.  
IV. To give encouragement and Countenance to such persons as shall contrive and endeavour the advantage and 
encourage all persons as shall endeavour the increase of our Manufactures.  increase of our Manufactures, in England and in Ireland, in imitation of other Countries whether it be by Natives, or by ingenious and industrious foreigners; And certainly I cannot but here take notice with what an unreasonable bitterness we generally inveigh against admitting of strangers to live amongst us; I am so much of another opinion, as that I am persuaded if we had 30000 or more able workmen, out 
Liberty to foreigners to live and work in England.  of France, Holland, and Flanders, incorporated and naturalised with us, they would be so far from doing us hurt, as that they would be of very great advantage to these Kingdoms, in our general concernments in Trade and otherwise; and would not only be helpful to us, by what they themselves should work or contrive; but by their good example engage our own Poor and idle people( who now live by begging and what is worse) to be more industrious, than now they are. And here likewise I meet with another fit occasion to offer to your serious consideration, How many thousands of persons in Holland, and elsewhere, have not a house wherewithal to cover their heads; and that in Holland especially, where so many Families live altogether in their Boats and other Vessels, floating still upon the streams, sometimes in one place, and then in another; and being frequently driven, to very hard shifts. And then on the other side, when I consider, How many thousands of houses, we have lying voided; and how much Land lying waste, not only in our Inland country, but also along our Sea-Coasts; I have by very good reason been persuaded to believe that many of those poor industrious people( who now live under sundry straights and oppressions) would easily be invited to remove their poor and wild Habitations, if they might find entertainment with us. Certainly, if we did but seriously consider the infinite number of people there are in Holland, in comparison and proportionable to what we have in England, and the great freedom they give to all strangers, and that tis thereby they grow so potent in Trade and Wealth 
The Dutch grow rich by the mult●tude of people, and the great freedom they grant to all persons.  beyond other Nations( who are( otherwise) more advantageously situated than they are): We must then conclude and confess, that tis not that we have already too many people in England, as indeed too many do not now only strangely, but strongly and passionately, endeavour to maintain; but rather that we want good Order and Government in the execution 
The Parliaments of Ireland and Scotland, by their late Acts, have granted great Immunities to strangers, for the encouragement and advance of Trade.  of our good Laws, whereby to keep our people well employed. And therefore if we would so far mind our own interest, as to admit and receive some of those industrious foreigners amongst us; I should have fair hopes, that we might not only thrive in our new Fishing design, to which His Majesty on his part hath been so very gracious in giving large encouragements; but also in all other parts of our Trade. We would very willingly be as rich and flourishing in Trade as the Dutch are: but we will not observe their Method, nor tread in their paths.  
V. That all Commodities employed in any kind, in perfecting 
Our woollen Manufactures, and all Gommodities employed in the perfecting of them, to be free of Custom and Excise.  of our Manufactures, may be free from Custom or Excise, or any other Imposition whatsoever; and that on such of our Manufactures as may be had in other parts, there may be no Custom charged; by which means we shall be able to sell our Goods the cheaper, to the prejudice and discouragement of other Nations, which at present, as we now stand, is the only way left us to enlarge our Exportation very much, and to regain our Reputation in foreign parts; whereas when our Goods are dear and ill conditioned, they will accustom themselves to some other sorts of Clothing of their own inventions, as we have found by woeful experience, and a Trade is sooner lost than gained.  
VI. That if there be an absolute necessity that we must pay high Customs, to which( I must confess) I am no friend, because 'tis so great an enemy, and obstructor of Trade, and thereby of the Nation in general, That foreign Commodities, Imported and Expended by us, may be valued in the Customs or Excise, according and proportionable to the real want we have of them; That is to say, that Silks, and innumerable other Commodities, which serve more to please our various fancies, 
Those Commodities which we want least, and which are most destructive to our own Manufactures, to be most laden with Duties.  than to supply our necessities, and are most destructive to our own Manufactures, may be the highest charged with duties; whereby our own Manufactures, of the same nature, will find more encouragement. This is known to be the practise and policy of other Countries; and this will be one grand means and motive to draw over foreign Workmen to us: which, I am sure, will be more our advantage, than to have them sand their Commodities to us. But some will say, That to charge fine Goods with high Duties, is the way to have none paid at all. And I should very willingly submit to their Opinion, if businesses were not better looked after, than it is at present; but yet, I will dare to say with boldness, that were there a through Reformation in the management 
The Custom or Excise of fine Goods to be secured, as well as Goods of greater bulk.  of that part of His Majesties Revenue; the Customs of fine, rich Goods, might in some good proportion be as well secured, as of Commodities of the greatest bulk; wherein, I think, I could make appear there is as great fraud at present, as in any other; as to instance only Wine and Tobacco, which you will say cannot be easily conveyed ashore in a Pocket, or under a Cloak. By all which, we shall very much lessen the Importation of foreign Manufactures, and by so much the more encourage our own, and save ourselves from a great deal of loss, which we now bear, far beyond what most persons are sensible of.  
VII. That for the further and more effectual encouragement of Strangers to come and live, and incorporate amongst us; 
foreign Commodities Exported to have the whole Impost paid back, which will draw a great Trade to us from all parts, and make England in a short time the grand Mart of the World.  and make use of our Ports and Shipping, all manner of Goods Imported, and afterwards Exported, may have the whole Duty repaid them( reserving only so much as will defray the charge of Officers, &c.) this not to be the privilege of one Port only( as is Dover at present, which will but help further to cheat the King of his Revenue, and destroy the Trade of other parts of the Nation, who do not enjoy the same liberty) but of all the Ports and Creeks of England and Ireland. This I am sure( next to the utter throwing down of the Customs, to which, I confess, I am most inclined) would draw a great Trade to us from all parts, and make England, in a short time, to be really that grand magazine of Trade, now so much talked of, and desired by all persons. What at this time more loudly proclaims the decay of our Trade, than the daily failing of so many persons in their Estates, who have been very well looked upon, and the filling of all our Gaols and Prisons; the great 
The multitude of our poor in England, do loudly proclaim our decay in Trade.  numbers of poor, miserable wretches who lye begging in every corner of the Nation; yea, many Starved to Death even in this great City of London: Certainly, whoever walks our streets, and are so tender hearted as to observe the several sad objects of Charity, of poor Men, Women, and hunger starved Children lying in every corner, and takes notice of their doleful groans and complaints, must bear me witness of this sad truth; To which I might also add another sort of Poor, who, God knows, are as necessitous as any others, and yet dare not, or are ashamed to discover their sad and languishing condition; and although their secret sighs and complaints are seldom heard here below, yet certainly they are of that nature, as that they do very often ascend up to heaven And if these be truths, then certainly 'tis worthy the consideration and care of the Great Council of the Nation, to provide for the relief and redress of those evils which so much threaten our utter destruction, by all good ways and means; for which nothing can be more proper, than to remove every thing that obstructs our Trade; and herein I look upon the Customs to be very considerable.  
VIII. That there may be somewhat of Tenderness and Indulgence used towards Ireland, for its improvement in Trade, 
That Ireland may not be discouraged in their setting up of wollen Manufactures, because otherwise 'twill be almost impossible to keep their Wools out of the hands of Strangers.  and that particularly in their Wollen Manufactures; I fear the discouraging of them from working up their Wools, and, in lieu thereof, setting them upon a linen Manufacture, is not so strongly and prudently founded, as some will imagine; for if England will neither permit them to work up their Wools, nor yet take them off at moderate rates, I cannot understand but that 'tis very rational for them to sell them to foreigners; yea, certainly, let what Law will be made in England to the contrary, I fear 'twill be hard to keep them out of the hands of Srtangers; and if this be granted me, then I know 'twill not be denied, but that there can be no Wools transported out of Ireland into France, Holland, or Flanders, but must consequently tend to the destruction of our English Drapery, as we see it is at this day. I must confess, that I am of opinion, that if we did but keep our Wools in England and Ireland, and both take care in their manufacture( leaving the Grand Trade of linens to other Nations, who thrive in it at present, and have been so many ages settled therein) we should find our account better than by making of linens; for, unless we can content ourselves to exchange our Woollen for their linen( which else they will not be able to buy) I know not what Trade we shall drive with them: If we had all Commodities necessary within ourselves, we should soon lose the honour we have gotten by our Navigation; Merchants, Seamen, and Ships would then signify but little; whereas, at present, they have the honour to be styled Englands walls.  
IX. That whereas some of our foreign Plantations are at present but very ill furnished with Persons and Planters of our 
Liberty to foreigners to trade and inhabit in some of his Majesties Plantations, especially in Virginia, where there wants nothing but able and industrious persons. 500 Frenchmen shall do more good in Virginia, then 3000 of our English, such as we commonly sand  own Nation: encouragement may be given to foreigners to Trade and Plant especially in Virginia, where there wants nothing but good Workmen, that country giving so very fair hopes of producing several rich Commodities, far above Tobacco; which would be of very great benefit to those Plantations, as well as to his Majesties Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. If his Majesty would but admit a Trade with the French, only for some years, there would soon be Transported of all sorts of able Workmen from thence, fit for any employment: whereas, we only( or generally) sand thither the very Rubbish and overpowering of his Majesties Dominions; Persons, for the most part bread up to nothing but Idleness, and all manner of 'vice. And from thence, I humbly conceive it is, that we reap no better fruits: But I durst not say more herein, because I have very good reason to believe, that the interest of those Plantations will be now pleaded for by those who know it far better, and are more nearly concerned; and likewise because it would strike at our Act of Navigation, which I must not adventure to Oppose.  
X. That whatever revenue may be settled on his Majesty that will be best for every degree of Persons in the Nation, 
That Revenue which shall be settled on his Majesty will be be best for the Nation, which will least distrub Trade.  which will least disturb or burden our Trade, and which may be managed with the least Charge, and number of Officers, and will be subject to the least Fraud. A multitude of Officers( we know) strike deep in the spoiling and consuming of a Noble Revenue. I must confess, my thoughts are strongly fixed upon a kind of Excise, or Duty raised by way of Licence upon the Retailers of Beer, Ale, Wine, and other liquors, 
An In-land Excise better than the Customs.  and also upon Tobacco, and some other Inland Excise; which with a small Monthly Tax, and some other ways, which I am informed are at present under Consideration, will be found a Revenue more certain and Honourable for his Majesty, 
The Customs occasion a multitude of sins in the Nation, by bribery, lying, perjury, and all manner of indirect and disingenuous ways.  than the Customs, and less grievous to the people: whereby the Salary of 10000 persons( at least) would be saved; besides the innumerable frauds that too many of them, and generally most other persons concerned, now frequently practise; whereby his Majesty loses at least half of his Customs: those persons would then be forced to put themselves upon some more ingenious employment, the return whereof 
'tis the Nobility and Gentry that suffer most by the Customs: they pay at least 2 s. in 20 s. more than if there were no Custom on all foreign goods.  would be of better concernment to the Common-wealth, whereas at present some will adventure to say. that they are very unprofitable members. If our Nobility and Gentry would but be persuaded, that it is they who really bear the great burden of the Customs, by paying( it may be) triple the Customs upon all the Goods they buy, of what really comes into the Kings Coffers; and that the Customs being taken off, they should buy all Commodities so much the cheaper, and that by a free Trade, their Lands would be advanced very much; I should then have some hopes that they would appear the Greatest Opposers of the Customs in the Nation.  
XI. That his Majesties Revenue may be committed to the care and management of such persons as may be every way 
Care in placing Officers for the Management of his Majesties Revenue.  qualified for so great a Trust; not only for their Faithfulness, but also for their Ability: wherein the purchasing of Offices is very unsafe, and frequently begets much corruption in Officers; and that such salaries may be settled and allowed, as may( if possible) engage Officers to resist every temptation. His Majesty, I am confident, knows ere this to His cost, that he hath gained little by this kind of Husbandry. A salary of 30 or 40 l. per annum to him that hath been accustomend to spend 2 or 300l. goes but a little way, and it must be raised one way or other. We see frequently, that persons well educated, and who have known what it is to live well, by being reduced to a low and necessitous condition, are too apt to be tempted to some dishonourable action, to maintain their port.  
XII. That some way may be found out to restrain our great and sinful excess in Apparel, throughour all his Majesties 
Our great excess and wantonness in Apparel, and all other expenses above other Nations, is one great cause of our decay in Trade.  Dominions( at least until such time as we are better able to support it) and that especially in persons of low ●anck. That sin hath no other good in it, but to enrich our Neighbours, and ruin us in our Estates and Manufactures, and to lea●● us into all other vices and disorders. And I am confident, that whosoever shall make a strict inquiry into the Causes of the sad decay we now complain of in our Trade, and the great scarcity of Money throughout these Kingdoms, will find that our Undoing proceeds from nothing more, then our most abominable extravagant expenses of all kinds( wherein we yet seem to glory in that which is our shane, and will perpetually lye as a reproach upon us, that we will exceed the proudest Nations in the World). And certainly, if it be true, that the French and other Nations have the advantage of us in the overbalance of Trade; 'tis altogether as true, that this our vain humour( which cannot be satisfied with any thing but what costs dear and comes from far) is one great cause of it. We might still have from them so much of their Gallantry a la mode as might 
The French gain abundantly more in proportion in returns of their Mode, than by their more Staple Commodities, for we have in effect that which is little berter than nothing for our ready money, or, indeed, that which is worse then nothing, because the Mode is a Tyrant, and too often ruins he best servants by engaging them into many other kind of expenses and inconveniencies.  be fit for all persons who are fit to use them; and yet not Import by many hundred thousand pounds per annum, so much as now we do. This I am sure would help to set the balance of Trade right betwixt us, and soon beget a greater plenty of Money in England; especially if together with this restraint, there were an absolute decry and prohibition against all gold and silver Lace, Cloth of gold or silver, embroideries, gold and silver Ribbons, Fringe, Buttons, Hatbands, guilding of Coaches, and other the like undoing vanities; also, the waste and folly of Funeral gold Rings( now so highly in fashion, and so common in the City of London). Our conveniences and advantages hereby would be very many, and very great, as may be observed in the following Particulars.  
1. When all persons shall be thus habited agreeable to their Q●ality, there must then necessary follow a far greater expense and consumption of our own Manufactures, then at present; a good sarge Gown and a Hat will then serve for those who now think a plain Silk to be somewhat beneath their degree, and th●s will be one good means to keep our Wools from being Transported, and give employment to so many thousands more of our own people, as our extravaga●cies maintain in foreign 
Advantage by a restraint in Apparel.  parts; whereby we may have hopes in few years to be come again the greatest Masters of all Wollen Manufactures in the World. Let us but encourage the we●●ing of our own Manufactures ourselves, we should grow rich although the French or Dutch should not buy a pound of us in seven years, which they can never do▪ if we can keep our Wools from them.  
2. Hereby we shall be able to buy all rich Silks and other costly Commodities, which we shall then want from foreign parts, abundantly cheaper than we can at present; we know too well that they make us pay dear for our fancies, I am sure this will save to persons of Q●ality a great deal of money yearly.  
3. By this means we shall turn our present want into a greater plenty of money: Our gold and silver Lace, &c. will then go to the Mint, which is computed( by some who pretend to know most) to amount to, in England, Scotland, and Ireland, near Two Millions Sterling; whereas, I am sure at present, his Majesties Mint must expect but little work, as long as Goldsmiths can afford to give 2 d. per ounce for Bullion above the Mint rate, which then they would not be able to do. A plenty of money will set all the wheels of Trade going, and that will gain the hearts of the Commons to their Superiers, whereas at present, we are apt to murmur, and lay the blame of all our straights and miscarriages upon our Magistrates.  
4. This will also take off very much of that occasion of expense to which many persons of Honour are now engaged, above and beyond their real abilities in point of fortune, whereby either to be distinguished from the inferior sort of people, or in hopes thereby of some preferment or advantage; and by a plenty of Money, and their keeping within compass, preserve them from taking up Goods and moneys upon such disadvantageous and ruining terms, as they now do, whereby the Shopkeeper, the Usurer, the Scrivener, and the Broker, make a daily pray of them, constraining them either to sell or mortage their Estates upon very dishonourable terms, to the utter undoing of many good Families; by which means( besides the ill reputation they gain the basest Commons might again become their Masters: from the sad effects whereof we are but so lately delivered, as I think we have just cause to dread the very thoughts of it for time to come; and yet, although I must not dare plainly to charge any of our Nobility or Gentry, with any kind of Extravagancies; yet, I may be bold to say, that 'tis their G●llantry, &c. that not only gives example, but life and support also to the Pride of the Commons; if they would be but more moderate in their expenses, they would buy all Commodities much cheaper, and pay better: the Commons( especially the Citizens) would soon be brought to know themselves better; and yet, all honest and serious men amongst them would be far more pleased, and honor the Court more then now they think they have reason to do.  
5. This will also keep persons of low degree and inferior Trades in so good order, as they will be better able to provide for their Families, then now they do, because, at present, rather then not be in some kind accommodated, as well as their richer neighbours, they will run in debt every where, for Meat, Drink and Apparel, which they take up of a certain sort of People in London at excessive rates, to pay by we●kly proportions, whereby they can never arrive to any Estate, so as to leave their children any provision for their support and maintenance, so that the Parent dying, the Children are left in charge on the Parish, which falls heavy in many parts of the Nation▪ being worse than a Tax of A hundred thousand pounds per Mensem.  
6. This good Order and Decency in Apparel will beget more faithfulenss in Servants, who now, too many of them, and too frequently rob their Masters, to support their Pride and other Vices which attend it. What will not some Men and Women now dare to attempt to satisfy their Ambition, and their lusts? 'tis sad to consider how vainly prodigal, and corrupt the generality of the Youth are in this age; and how little of good example can be expected they will be able to give their Children in the next age, if God doth not in mercy to us, direct our Magistrate to contrive some way for our Reformation.  
7. By this Restraint and Order in Apparel, we shall know how to give honour to whom honour is due; we shall know the quality of the person( in some measure) by the habit, which, I am sure, we cannot now easily do, being disguised with too much Pride; that which now is thought hardly good enough for an ordinary Servant, will then become better persons, and each have more money in their purses. Good English Sarge, or other of our English Stuffs, will be cheaper and wear three times as long as Silk will do.  
8. By this good Order and restraint in Apparel, and Reformation in our other concernments, as is before expressed, there will be so great a plenty of money, and so flourishing a Trade, that Lands will be valued very much higher, and all foreign Commodities be brought very much cheaper, than at present; which will be of great advantage and improvement in the Estates of all persons of Quality; and hereby also will your Tenants find themselves better able to pay their Rents, and all men generally be better able to pay their Debts, without being compelled to such dishonourable shiftings, as too many( otherwise Honourable persons) do now make use of.  
9. By this means also, the Merchant will not have so much occasion to use his Credit in foreign parts, for the buying of those superfluous Commodities, at so great disadvantage and loss; which for want of plenty of money, and good payment from his Debtors, he is forced to do by taking Credit, by exchange from French, Dutch, Italian, and other Banquers, for which he pays after the rate of 20 per Cent. per annum.( which in truth is but a refined Extortion with a better name) all which goes at present out of our English Stock, and is one great means to undo so many good Merchants and Trades-men, as we see daily fail, which would be then much remedied; whereas at present we are strangely become a prey to all the Nations round about us, they growing rich by our wantonness and ill husbandry.  
10. And lastly, by all this his Majesties Revenue will come in more plentifully and cheerfully then we find it doth at present; for when the Kingdom flourisheth in Trade, certainly the King can never want a Revenue, whereby the reproach and dishonour which now lies on the Court,& all that have relation to it( wherein indeed the good suffer with, or rather for, the unhandsome dealing of the bad, who lye so deeply in Debt, without taking any thoughts how to satisfy, but dishonourably sheltering themselves under a Protection) will then be very much taken off, to the gre●t Honour, Happiness, and satisfaction of his Majesty, and all his Loyal Subjects; and then the mouths of men of ●ll Princ●ples and worse Affections to h●s Majesties Government will be stopped, whereas at present they are very zealously watchful to take hold of any occasion, whereby they may render the Court odious, and thereby take advantage to debauch as many as they can from their allegiance; but yet, if God shall so far direct his Majesty, and his great council to such means as may tend to our Recovery and Prosperity, I doubt not but he will turn all the black designs, plots and contrivances of wicked and unpeaceable men upon their own heads, and that we shall yet live to enjoy once more both the blessings of Peace and Plenty.  
Which God grant.