Travis S. Dowdle BS, Todd K. Brown BS, Joshua A. Peterson BS, Kiana Banafshay BSA, Jeannie M. Nguyen MD, Ashley L. E. Sturgeon MD
Background: This brief review considers major aspects of COVID toes as currently understood. Topics discussed include etiology, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, treatment, and management. Media characterization, potentially leading to intense public interest in COVID toes during the summer of 2020, is also discussed.
Methods: The literature review was conducted by selecting articles from PUBMED, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Google Scholar based on the relevance to our topic. To determine the relative search interest of the general population, a Google Trends analysis was queried on 11/17/20 for the retrospective duration of 11/17/2019–11/17/2020.
Results: The majority of patients who have presented with COVID toes are children and young adults. COVID toes generally present as acro-ischemic lesions, which are microthrombotic events in the extremities, leading to symptoms such as pseudo-chilblains or pernio-like lesions. Chilblains are histologically classified as an inflammatory disorder with a prominent perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate seen on microscopy. The regions are described as appearing erythematous to purple purpuric macules, papules, and/or vesicles. In many cases, COVID toes symptoms are self-limiting.
Conclusion: The development of COVID toes represents an additional manifestation of COVID-19 that should lead to additional testing. Knowledge of these symptoms can give healthcare workers and the general public another tool for recognizing COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID toes, COVID-19, coronavirus, chilblains, pernio
Article citation: Dowdle TS, Brown TK, Peterson JA, Banafshay K, Nguyen JM, Sturgeon ALE. COVID toes: A unique cutaneous indicator of COVID-19. The Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 2021;9(39):15–21
From: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center– School of Medicine (TSD, JAP, KB) Lubbock, Texas; Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine– Business School (TKB), London, UK; Department of Dermatology (JMN, AES) Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
Submitted: 2/28/2021
Accepted: 4/1/2021
Reviewer: Drew Payne DO
Conflicts of interest: none
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.