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THBJ 



Great Atlantic Coast Line 

THE DIRECT ROUTE to 

CHARLESTON, SAVANNAH, JACKSONVILLE 



AND ALL POINTS IN 



53 DVH I X. El S S IKC O I^ T El ]R ! 

THAN BY ANY OTHER ROUTE. 



For comfort this route is unexcelled. Its improved passenger transportation 
arrangements for the Fall and Wint.er business of 1873-74 with its 

DOUBLE DAILY FAST SCHEDULES 

Via Richmond, Wilmington and Augusta, 

And the advantage of the 



Via BALTIMORE, PORTSMOUTH AND WELDON, 

Especially recommend it to the traveling public as the best and most desirable 
route between the 

FIRST-CLASS PASSENGER COACHES, 

Unsurpassed in style of modern finish, run through to Wilmington from Rich- , 
mond and Portsmouth, and from Wilmington to Charleston and Augusta. 

^PULLMAN'S ELEGANT PALACE SLEEPING CARS 

Are run through from 

BALTIMOEB TO SAVANNAH WITHOUT CHANGE! 

Thus affording through sleeping car accomodations on 
one continuous schedule between 

BALTIMORE AND SAVANNAH. 

TRAINS RUN WITH SPEED, REGULARITY AND CERTAINTY OP CON- 
NECTION, AND PASSENGERS AVOID ALL MIDNIGHT CHANGES. 

FIItST-CZiASS EATINQ HOUSES along the entire line, where ample 
time is afforded and at suitable hours. 

Baggaffe Checked Through. Tickets Good Until Used, 

With privilege of stopping oflf at all terminal points. 

THROUGH TICKETS sold throughout the East to all points South via this line 
and all information given at the principal Railroad OfBoes, North and South. 

General Office 397 Broadway, New York. 

"W. J, WALKER, A. POPE, 

General Agent. Geu'l Freight & Ticket Agent. 









Brid*^ 




^A 
















SEWI NG M ACHINES. 

Tlie sales of Sewing Machines in 1873, as reported under oath, in 1873, to the owners of 
the Sewing Machine Patents, show that the 




I 




^ 






Manufacturing Co. 

LAST YEAR SOLD 

219,758 

MACHI NES, 

OR 

38,498 more than in 1871, 

Ninety per Cent, of them "being for 

E^^M^ILY USE. 

THIS IS OVER, 

4 6 „ O O O 

More Sewing Machines than were sold by any other company during the same 

period, and over 

Of all the MacMnes sold in 1872. 



9Mm Mim^m^ Mmmmimmtmwims Cm® 

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 
General Office, No. 172 Broughton Street, Savannah, Gra- 

Local Agents in the principal Towns and Cities. 



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7 



CONTAIKING AN 



HISTORICAL SKETCH, GEOGRAPHICAL. AGRICULTURAL AND 

CLIMATIC STATISTICS, ROUTES OF TRAVEL BY LAND 

AND SEA, AND GENERAL INFORMATION 



INVAI.UABI.E TO THE 



Jnualili, tourist ot (Jtmiioirant. 



''^JL.^-%^'^^^^^ 



(//. uC\^\j^f 



Entered according to Act of Congrees, in the yeai- 1873, by the 

RAILROAD AND REAL ESTATE PUBLISHING BUREAU, 

in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



PTXBLISHED EX THE _^ 

' Railhoad and Real. Estate PuBLisHiNa Bcbbau," 

KEW TOKK, 

1873. 




•k%iif)i'^i 




CHAELESTOIT, SOUTH CAEOLIITA. 



M< * * O 



This well-known and popular first-class Ilotcl, situated in the centre of 
the City, and also in the centre of the Wholesale Business Houses, affords 
facilities, comforts and attention to Travelers for pleasure, and Merchants on 
business, second to none in the United States. 

Having been recently thoroughly repaired and newly furnished throughout, 
the Proprietor pledges himself to spare no pains in its management to main- 
tain the high reputation heretofore enjoyed by the old " CHA.JtI.ESTOK" 
as a first-class house. 

•E. H. JACKSON & CO., 

JProprivtorst 



General Railway and Steamship Ticket Offlce. Through Tickets sold by 
Rail to all points in the United States, and by Rail or Steamship to BALTI- 
MORE, PHILADELPHIA and NEW YORK. 

A. BUTTEEPIELD, General Ticket Agent, 

P3l^ CHARLESTON HOTEL. 

0S3 



V 



y;^4 



Guide to 'Florida. , 



Five years after Christopher Columbus first saw land in 
the New World, another navigator, Sebastian Cabot, sailing 
under the English flag, discovered the coast of Florida. 
This was in 1497. It was not until the spring of 15 12 
that the Europeans made a permanent landing. A veteran 
cavalier of Spain, Juan Ponce de Leon, impelled by a 
romantic fancy that in the West there existed a fountain 
whose waters restored the aged to perpetual youth, raised 
an expedition of enthusiasts like himself and set sail on 
this wondrous voyage of discovery. He saw the coast for 
the first time on Easter Sunday, in April, 15 12, which day 
the Spaniards call Pasqua Florida, and because the 
charming country spread before him was fairly radiant 
with wild flowers, he gave it the beautiful nam^of Florida. 
This landing was made near the site of the present city of 
St. Augustine 

The cavalier's search for the immortal spring was 
fruitless. The Indians harassed and picked off his band 
with poisoned arrows, and he was finally forced to quit 
the country. He carried with him to Cuba a mortal 
wound which caused his death soon after his arrival there. 
A dozen years later Spain again attempted to colonize the 
peninsula. Narvaez was appointed Governor and landed 



4 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

with three hundred men. He made no attempt at settle- 
ment however, but wandered off on an exploring expedi- 
tion, and after many hardships, finally reached the far off 
country of the Mexicans. The illustrious Ferdinand de 
Soto, the discoverer of the Mississippi river, followed him 
to Florida. He landed in Tampa Bay with a thousand 
followers, in the spring of 1539. His march through the 
interior was disputed at every step by the aborigines, and 
his little army was so decimated by war, fatigue and sick- 
ness, that when his own body was committed to the bosom 
of the " Father of Waters" two years later, but a third of 
them survived. 

The first actual settlement of Florida was made oy the 
French Huguenots who, under Jean Ribault, attempted to 
plant a colony at the mouth of the St. Johns River in 
1564. This roused the ire of the Spaniards, who claimed 
the country as their own, and an expedition was sent out 
under the command of Don Pedro Menendez to extermi- 
nate the Frenchmen. The Don did his bloody work 
effectually. The little French city was taken by surprise, 
and all of its inhabitants were massacred. Above their 
bodies, which he had suspended from the trees, Menendez 
left this inscription : " Not because they are Frenchmen, 
but because they are heretics and enemies of God." But 
vengeance ^n. the cruel Castilians was swift. Three years 
later an expedition under De Gourgues, a Huguenot gen- 
tleman, set sail from France, and landing at St. Augustine, 
which the Spaniards had just built, attacked and took it 
after a severe battle. A portion of the garrison were 
taken to the site of the ruined French settlement on the 
St. Johns, and there hung to the same trees, with this 
inscription over their heads: "Not because they are 
Spaniards, but because they are traitors, robbers and mur- 
derers. ' ' 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 5 

It was in i56'5 that Menendez founded the city of 
St. Augustine, the oldest within the present limits of 
the United States. From this foothold colonies were sent 
out along the coast and into the interior of the province, 
and for an hundred years or more Florida was a growing 
and thriving Spanish colony. The Indians were almost 
uniformly hostile, but the superior civilization prevailed 
over them. Many vestiges of the early Spanish settle- 
ments in the State remain to show what the country was at 
this flourishing era of its history. The period of its deca- 
dence was at the conclusion of the great Continental war 
of 1753-60, when it passed from Spain into the possession 
of Great Britain. In the meantime it had been the scene 
of many conflicts. The English, under Sir Francis Drake, 
attacked and plundered St. Augustine in 1586. It was 
pillaged by the Indians in 161 1, and sacked by the Buc- 
caneers in 1665. Governor Moore, of South Carolina, 
raided into the colony in 1702, and unsuccessful attempts 
were made by the Georgians in 1725, 1740 and 1743 to 
capture and destroy St. Augustine. 

In 1763 Spain ceded the whole territory of Florida to 
Great Britain. So greatly had its prosperity declined that 
its population did not exceed 600. In 1781, the Spaniards 
captured Pensacola, and three years later, by virtue of the 
treaty of 1784, they resumed jurisdiction over the country. 
During the last war with Great Britain the English troops 
under Col. Nichols occupied Pensacola, but General Jack- 
son appearing before the town, they decamped to their 
fleet. Jackson, while fighting the Indians in 1818, was so 
affronted by the conduct of the Spanish governor that he 
took possession of Pensacola and sent the Spanish prison- 
ers to Havana. 

The Spanish government recognized "manifest destiny" 
in 1819, and consented to the cession of the entire terri- 



6 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

tory of Florida to the United States. The exchange of 
flags took place in 1821, a territorial government was 
established in 1822, and Florida was admitted as a State 
into the Union in 1845. 

From the time of the cession down almost to our own 
day, there have raged those desolating Indian wars which 
reddened the border settlements with the blood of Avhite 
men, women and children, and made the Everglades re- 
sound with the dying whoop of the hunted Seminole. The 
story of the valor of Coa-cou-chee, of Osceola, and of 
Little Cloud, fighting the last battles of their race for the 
hunting grounds of their ancestors, has passed into poetry 
and romance. 

•Florida, like her sister Southern States, was a battle- 
ground between North and South in the late civil war. 
After the passage of the ordinance of secession in 1861, 
Fort Pickens in Pensacola harbor, was invested by the Con- 
federate troops, and the Navy Yard was occupied. Fer- 
nandina and St. Augustine were captured by Admiral 
Dupont's fleet in 1862. The following month the United 
States forces occupied Jacksonville, and the Confederate 
authorities abandoned nearly the whole of Northern and 
Western Florida, including Pensacola, and withdrew their 
army into Georgia. The year 1864 was characterized by 
raids on both sides. General Birney penetrated to Trent 
Creek, and the Confederate salt works at Ocala were de- 
stroyed. In February of this year General Trueman Sey- 
mour marched westward with a large body of United 
States troops, and at Olustee was disastrously defeated by 
the Confederate army under General Joseph Finegan. 
He retreated wirh a loss of 1200 meh, leaving his dead 
and wounded on the field ; and during the remaining 
months of the war the Federals were on the defensive. 

After the surrender of Gcaeral Lee, at Appomattox, 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 7 

Virginia, the people of Florida abandoned further re- 
sistance, and the State was duly reconstructed by Con- 
gress. 



The State of Florida extends from the parallel of 31° 
North latitude to 25° North latitude, and lies within 80° 
and 88° West longitude from Greenwicl"L It is in the 
same latitude with the Desert of Saliara, Southern China 
and Northern Mexico, but its comparative degree of heat 
is not accurately indicated by its latitude, for it is isother- 
mal with the Bermudas, Egypt, Northern Hindostan, 
Southern California and Louisiana, Moreover, lying 
between the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf Stream, its main 
portion is fanned by ocean breezes which materially modify 
the temperature. 

The shape of the State has been likened to that of a 
boot; the foot part being Northern Florida, and the leg 
being the peninsula. The first extends about 350 miles 
from East to West, and the peninsula 400 miles from North 
to South, and ninety miles, on the average, from East to 
West. The Gulf Stream skirts the Eastern coast about 
300 miles. The State contains 59,868 square miles, or 
37,931,520 acres, and is therefore a little larger than 
Georgia, Illinois or Michigan, and almost as large as the 
New England States or the rnited kingdoms of Portugal, 
Belgium and the Netherlands. The extent of her coast 
line is rather extraordinary. It is not less than i, 100 miles ; 
a distance nearly equal to that from Portland, Maine, to 
Jacksonville, Florida, in a straight line. 

The surface of the eastern section of the State is gener- 
ally level. In Western Florida it is rolling or hilly. The 



8 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

extreme southern part is covered with swamps. The coast 
is indented with thousands of bays and inlets formed by 
the jutting of the land, and by innumerable islands. The 
principal rivers are the Apalachicola, which has its source 
in the mountains of Upper Georgia ; the beautiful Suwanee, 
in Middle Florida ; the Withlacoochee, the Ocklawha and 
the Indian River, in Southern Florida. The great stream 
of the State, however, is the magnificent St. Johns, which 
rises in the Everglades, and. winds northward a distance of 
four hundred miles until it empties into the Atlantic Ocean 
below Jacksonville. 

The peninsula is filled with beautiful lakes, some of them 
being navigable for large steamers, and one of them. Lake 
Okeechobee, in the Everglades, being fully forty miles 
long and thirty miles wide. The lake scenery, in the 
neighborhood of the upper waters of the St. John, is un- 
surpassed in loveliness. Several of the larger bays on the 
coast deserve notice. Tampa Bay, Apalachee Bay and Pen- 
sacola Bay, are broad and deep enough to float navies. 
The State abounds in remarkable mineral springs. The 
Wakulla River rises about ten miles northwest of St. Marks 
from one of them. The water is moderately cold and 
highly impregnated with lime. From the big spring of 
Chipola bursts a furious river ; Silver Spring, in Marion 
Cotmty, is a basin of surpassingly clear and deep water. 
The Sulphur Springs of- the Suwanee are a curiosity, and 
enjoy a local reputation for curing rheumatism, dyspepsia 
and other kindred diseases. Springs of salt water are 
not uncommon in the interior. 

Scientists say that the geological formation of Florida is 
of comparatively recent origin. The opinion of one of 
them, relative to the peninsula, is expressed in this lan- 
guage : "The whole peninsula has been formed by the 
successive growth of coral reefs added concentrically from 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



North to South to the first deposits, while the accumula- 
tion between these reefs has been a mixture of coral and 
fragments of shells, the coral prevailing in some parts, as 
in the regions of the Everglades, and in other portions, 
especially the Northern and Eastern, the shell." Agassiz 
assumes, of the lower half of the peninsula, "that if the 
growth be one foot in a century from a depth of seventy- 
five feet, and that each successive reef has added ten miles 
of extent southward, it would have required, on this com- 
putation, 135,000 years to have formed the southern half 
of the peninsula." The upper part of Florida is, of course, 
much older. 




E»rpQi fiige. 



•^%njtpa Tree. 



lo GUIDE TO FLORIDA, 



Florida undoubtedly possesses the most equable and 
salubrious climate, all the year round, of any State in the 
Union. The thermometer seldom rises above 90° in the 
summer, nor falls below 30° in the winter. The summer 
may be said to be seven months long, but the heat is not 
intense. This is attributable in a great degree to the 
circumstance that the peninsula is fanned on the East by 
the Atlantic breezes, and on the West by those of the 
Gulf of Mexico, both of which can be sensibly felt in the 
middle of the State. 

The winter in Florida resembles very much the season 
known in more northern latitudes as the " Indian Summer. ' ' 
The climate of Florida, however, has the additional ad- 
vantage of being more dry and elastic. Rain falls rarely 
during the winter months. Five out of six days are bright 
and cloudless, and of the most agreeable temperature. In 
Southern Florida frost very rarely appears. Even as far 
north as the Suwanee River there are generally but two or 
three nights in a whole winter when ice as thick as a half 
dollar is found. A consequence of the evenness of the 
temperature is the very delightful salubrity of the nights 
in the sultriest season of the year, by which the body is 
refreshed, the sleep rendered sound, and the natural facul- 
ties are restored to vigor. 

The following tables show the range of the thermometer 
throughout the year in Florida, and the evenness of the 
temperature as compared with that of given points in the 
Northern States. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. ii 

Observations made at Jacksonville for five years, from 
1857 to 1861, both inclusive, showing the highest and 
lowest range of the Thermometer each mottth. The 
figures are the mean of three daily observations : 



Months. 



January... 
February. . 
March.. .. 

\pril 

Mty 

Jiiuo 

Jjiy 

Auff'i?t. . . . 
September 
October ... 
November. 
December. 



1857. 


1858. 


1859. 


1860. 


1861. 


H. 


L. 


H. 


L. 


n. 


L. 


H. 


L. 


B. 


L. 


72 


16 


76 


38 


76 


30 


76 


40 






fil 


44 


77 


39 


79 


39 


79 


44 


75 


42 


«5 


41 


83 


34 


84 


45 


83 


40 


83 


43 


81 


47 


86 


49 


89 


53 


92 


58 


80 


54 


91 


61 


91 


66 


92 


64 


92 


58 


94 


64 


91 


73 


92 


73 


94 


70 


97 


69 


98 


73 


89 


68 


96 


74 


95 


70 


98 


74 


92 


70 


95 


75 


94 


75 


91 


75 


93 


73 


91 


73 


92 


64 


86 


64 


92 


70 


89 


65 


92 


58 


81 


42 


85 


62 


84 


50 


87 


53 


86 


57 


82 


27 


79 


39 


79 


35 


80 


25 


79 


45 


80 


39 


78 


40 


79 


36 


72 


32 


74 


38 



REMARKS. 



Ice one to two in- 
ches thick, Jau. 
19th and 20th, 1857. 

At 7 A. M., Nov. 
25, 1860, the Ther- 
mometer stood at 
25 deg. 



It is proper to observe that there is a marked difference 
in the theometric range at Enterprise, two hundred miles 
south of Jacksonville, the temperature being much more 
even. 



The following is a comparative table, showing the monthly 
and yearly mean of twenty years at St. Augustine, of 
thirty-one years at West Point, and of thirty five years 
at Fort Snelling, Minn. : 



St. Auviiettn 
Fla . . 



West Point, 
N. Y. 



Ft. Snelling 
Minn. . 



Jan 



57.03 



23.28 



13.7(J 



Feb. 



59.94 



•JS.80 



17.57 



Mar. 



Apl.May 



68.7873.50 



79.36 



48.70 



59.8; 



31.41 06.34 58.97 



Jun 



63.41 



08.46 



July 



80.90 



73.75 



Aug 



80.5(i 



71.83 



Sep, 



Oct. 



78.60 71.1 



Nov. 



64.12 



Dec. 



57.26 69.61 



64.31 53.04 42.23 31.98 50.73 
58.86 47.1531 67 16.8946.54 



12 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 

In Florida an extraordinary variety of valuable produc- 
tions are successfully cultivated. Lying as it does partly 
within the temperate zone and partly within the semi- 
tropical regions, within its limits may be seen flourishing 
most of the vegetation familiar to the soil of the Middle 
and Western States, together with the fruits of the West 
Indies. At least one-fourth of the entire area of the State 
is south of the line of frost, and will grow successfully the 
orange, the lemon, the citron, the grape fruit, the banana, 
the pine-apple, and the cocoa-nut. Most of the tropical 
trees and shrubs grow spontaneously. Tobacco, sugar and 
hemp have been cultivated to some extent, and can be 
made very valuable productions if systematically treated. 
The yield of sugar is much more to the acre than in Louis- 
iana. Cotton has hitherto been the leading staple. In- 
dian corn has been largely raised, but not in sufficient 
quantities to supply the home demand. Within a few 
years the raising of early vegetables for the Northern trade 
has been commenced, with great success, on the St. Johns 
River, and "along the railroads. Among the vegetables 
which are readily grown and bring remunerative prices, 
are tomatoes, cucumbers, melons, green peas, beans, cab- 
bages, turnips, beets, squashes, onions, asparagus, and 
sweet and Irish potatoes. Wheat has been partially culti- 
vated in the northern part of the State. The Ramie plant 
has just been introduced, and it is believed will become 
an important staple. Arrowroot, indigo, the castor bean^ 
can be raised without difficulty. The large growth of the 
Mulberry renders the conditions favorable to the produc- 
tion of the silk worm. There is no reason why tea and 
coffee cannot be cultivated, as the climate and soil are 
especially adapted to the purpose. Of the fruits other 
than tropical, the peach, grape, fig, pomegranate and plum 
are produced. Berries grow profusely. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 13 

Florida is the best timbered State in the Union. Over 
30,000,000 of acres are covered with heavy forests. The 
business of cutting and shipping lumber is large and in- 
creasing. Florida also exports naval stores, and at Key 
West there are extensive salt works. Further remarks on 
the soil and productiveness of the State will be found in 
the paragraphs devoted to the advantages of Florida for 
immigrants. 



According to the census of 1870 the population of Flor- 
ida aggregates 187,748; of which 96,057 are whites and 
91,689 blacks. This shows a proportion of a fraction over 
three inhabitants to the square mile; a density about 
equal to that of the States of Kansas and Texas. The 
population of the State in i860 was 140,123, so that in 
spite of the ravages caused by the civil war, the increase 
in ten years has been 47,625, or thirty-four per cent. 

The leading cities and towns in the State are Jackson- 
ville with a population of 13,000, Fernandina with 2,500, 
Tallahassee with 2,500, St. Augustine with 3,500, Lake 
City with 2,000, Pensacola with 2,000, Gainesville with 
1,500, Key West with 5,000; Palatka with 1,000, Quincy 
with 800, and Apalachicola with 1,000. 

The seat of government is at Tallahassee. The new 
constitution, adopted by the people and approved by 
Congress in 1868, vests the executive power in a Gover- 
nor, who is elected for four years. He is assisted in his 
deliberations by a Cabinet, composed of the principal 
officers in the State, viz : the Secretary of State, the 
Attorney-General, the Comptroller, the State Treasurer, 
the Surveyor - General, the Superintendent of Instruc- 



14 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

tion and the Commissioner of Immigration. This is a 
novel feature in the framework of a State government, but 
was suggested by the success of the arrangement in the 
Federal system. The legislative power is vested in a 
Senate and Assembly. The former consists of twenty- 
four members, elected for four years ; the latter of fifty- 
three members, elected for two years. The judicial pow- 
er is vested in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, County 
Courts and Justices of the Peace. The Judges of the Su- 
preme Court are appointed for life, of the Circuit Courts 
for eight years, and of the County Courts for four years. 
The election for State and County Officers and Members 
of the Legislature takes place the first Tuesday after the 
first Monday in November. Annual Sessions of the Legis- 
lature are held, beginning on the first Tuesday after the 
first Monday in January. 

The present State government (1873-4) is as follows : 

Governor, . - - Ossian B. Hart. 

Lieutenant-Governor, - M. L. Stearns. 

Secretary of State, - - Geo. J. Alden. 

Comptroller. - - - Robert H. Gamble. 

Treasurer, - - - S. B. Conover. 

Attorney-General, - - J. B, C. Drew. 

Commissioner of Immigra- ) ^ ^ , 

V T. S. Adams. 
tion, - - f •' 

Superintendent of Public ) _ _, 

; . I Charles Beecher. 

Instruction, - ) 

At the last Presidential election in the State (1872) the 
vote was as follows : Grant, 17,765 ; Greeley, 15,428 ; Re- 
pubUcan majority, 2,337. The Republicans elected two 
majority in the State Senate, and three majority in the 
House of Representatives. 

Florida, though one of the first-settled countries on this 
continent, has really all the characteristics of a new State. 



GUIDE TP FLORIDA. 15 

Its scanty population has been scattered over a territory 
of nearly 60,000 square miles, and has heretofore been en- 
gaged almost wholly in agriculture. The social conveni- 
ences and advantages enjoyed in the thickly-settled States 
further North must not, therefore, be expected here. But 
immigration is pouring in and the State is rapidly im- 
proving. Schools and churches are to be found in all the 
towns and villages throughout the State, and a new sys- 
tem of public education has been provided for in the new 
constitution. In reference to the feeling of the old inhab- 
itants towards new comers, the State Commissioner of Im- 
migration, Mr. Adam», (himself a Northern man) writes : 
"In our correspondence the question is often asked: 
' Is it safe for a Northern man to come to Florida ? ' The 
answer is : That there is no sort of danger whatever. The 
immigrant of good character and habits will be readily 
received by all. Southern men and women are not su- 
per-human, and cannot be expected suddenly to absolve 
themselves from the domination of those trains of political 
thought and those prevalent social notions that have ruled 
them for years, or to sympathize at once with the political 
ideas of a triumphant radicalism. But the whole popula- 
tion of the State is becoming rapidly convinced that 
'men, money and labor,' are to be watch-words in the 
success of the future of Florida. * ^ * * Indeed, any 
good citizen that proposes to pay special attention to his 
own affairs, will be welcomed by all, and this without any 
sacrifice of principle or any abridgment of his rights of 
free thought and free speech. Northern men and women, 
who may come and persist in associating exclusively with 
each other, and sequester themselves diligently from all 
social intercourse with old residents, will be allowed thus 
to indulge their social predilections without let or hin- 
drance. " 



i6 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



The All-Rail Routes. 

Visitors to Florida, going from the North, make Sa- 
vannah the first objective point. It can be reached from 
Eastern points via connecting lines to Baltimore, From 
N. Y. by the N. Y. and Phila. R. R., rmining through 
trains — to which are attached cars having all the modern 
improvements — to Baltimore, Washington and Richmond. 
From Baltimore, via Bay Li7ie oi Stea77iers to Portsmouth, 
Va., connecting with ^^ Atlantic Coast Line,'^ Or, From 
Washington, via ^//i?a//, or Acquia Creek, to Richmond; at 
Richmond two routes compete for the travel — the " Upper 
Route," via Danville, Charlotte and Augusta, and the 
"Atlantic Coast Line," via Petersburg, Wilmington and 
Charleston. The '' Great Southern Mail Route," 
via Washington, Lynchburg, Knoxville, Chattanooga, 
Atlanta, Macon, and Jesup Junction, giving the tourist 
an opportunity to visit the most interesting localities in 
the entire South. 

Travelers from points North and West of the Ohio 
River will find at the Railroad Ticket Offices in all of the 
principal cities schedules, giving the distances and time 
to Savannah and Florida. 

From Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, Toledo, De- 
troit, places on Lakes Erie and Michigan, and points 
North and East of Louisville, the "Short Line" is via 
Louisville and Nashville R. R. From St. Louis, and 
points North and West, the most direct route is via the 
St. Louis and Iron Mountain R. R. 

The Rail connections, North and West, are in excellent 
condition. Drawing Room and Palace Sleeping Cars are 
attached to all Through Trains. Polite and attentive 
Conductors and good Eating Houses on the entire route. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 17 

Schedules of the diiferent routes will be found on adver- 
tisement pages at back of book. 

Through Tickets For Sale at 

BOSTOIV— At Slf, T9, S2 & 134 Washington Street; Boston 
& Providence Depot; Boston & Albany Depot; Old Colony 
Depot; No. 3 Old State House; Boston, Hartford & Erie De- 
pot; and No. 15 U. S. Hotel Block. 

TXT:^¥ YORK— At 229, 263, 303, 397 & 944 Bdway, 
9 Astor House ; and all the principal Hotels ; and at foot Court- 
landt Street. BROOKLYN : 1 Court Street, City Hall Square. 

PHIL.ADEI.PHIA— At 409, 700 & §28 Chestnut st.; Ex- 
change in Continental Hotel ; 44 South Fifth Street; and at the 
Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Depot, corner Broad 
and Prime Streets. 

BAl.TIj>i'*RE— At the Camden Street Station, Baltimore and 
Ohio Railroad Depot; 149 & 150 W Baltimore st. ; S. E. cor- 
ner Baltimore and Calvert Street. 

"WASHBi^JGTOIV — At Adams Express Building, opposite Balti- 
more Depot; at the Maryland Avenue Depot ; at 511 & 603 
Peunsylv-ania Avenue; Steamers, foot 7lh Street; and at the 
principal Hotels. 

Also at the Railroad Ticket Offices in Richmond, Charleston, Macon, 
Atlanta, Nashville, Memphis, Louisville, St, Louis and New 
Orleans 

By Sea to Florida. 

From New York, Boston, Philadelphia and Baltimore. 
(By Steamship to Savannah and Rail to Florida.) 

The Sea Routes from New York are via New York and 
Savannah Steamships, consisting of three lines of com- 
modious and well appointed Steamers. The Leo and 
Virgo, of Murray, Ferris & Go's Line, sail from Pier i6 
East River, alternately on Tuesdays. The Steamships ITer- 
mmi Livifigston, Genl. Barnes, San Jacinto and San 
Salvador, of the Empire Line, from Pier 8, North River, 
on all Thursdays and Saturdays, W. R. Garrison, Agent, 
No. 5 Bowling Green ; and the Steamships Huntsville and 



i8 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

Montgomery of the Black Star Line, will also leave Pier 
13, North River, every Saturday. Robt. Lowden, 
Agent, 93 West Street. 

The New York and Charleston Line of Steamships, 
composed of staunch and favorite vessels, thoroughly sea- 
worthy and Avell-appointed in every respect, consisting of 
the James Adger, Manhattan, South Carolina, Champion, 
Georgia, and Charleston, sell Through Tickets, via the Sa- 
vannah and Charleston R. R., to all points in Florida. 
Their sailing days are Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, 
from Pier 29 North River. H. H. Morgan & Co., Agents. 

By Sea, from Boston. 

The Boston and Savannah S. S. Co. dispatch the new 
and elegant Steamers Seminole and Oriental, on the loth, 
20th and 30th of each month ; returning, leave Savannah 
on the same dates. Through Tickets to all points in Flor- 
ida sold by F. Nickerson & Co., Agents 205 State Street, 
Boston. 

By Sea, from Philadelphia. 

The Philadelphia and Southern Mail Steamship Co. 
have a weekly line to Savannah, leaving every Saturday, 
from Queen Street Wharf. The Wyoming and (J. W. Lord 
are noted as first-class vessels, and have obtained a most en- 
viable reputation for the regularity of their trips. Through 
Tickets sold to all points in Florida and the interior of 
Georgia and Alabama. W. L. James, Agent, 237 and 239 
Dock Street, Philadelphia. 

By Sea, from Baltimore. 

The Baltimore and Savannah Steamship Compan 
despatch, at intervals of five days, one of theu 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 19 

thoroughly sea-worthy and commodious Steamers to Sa- 
vannah. The Line is extremely well managed, and the 
America, Saragossa, and JYorth Point are commanded by 
experienced and able officers. Through Tickets to all 
points in Florida and the interior are sold by the Agent, 
James B. Andrews, Flannigan's Wharf, Baltimore. 

From Charleston and Savannah to Florida. 
The quickest and most comfortable route is via the Sa- 
vannah and Charleston and Atlantic and Gulf Railways. 
Travelers and invalids avoid the discomforts and risks at- 
tendant upon a sea voyage along an exposed, and at times, 
stormy coast. The Bar of the St. Johns, at Jacksonville, 
\Fla., is frequently so rough that steamers are unable to 
cross it, and great inconvenience and suffering from sea-v 
sickness has been experienced by travelers, from thia 
cause. To those who are proof against the mal-de-mer, 
and prefer the sea, there is a weekly line of boats from 
Charleston and Savannah to Jacksonville. The passenger 
by Rail will have the advantage of Palace Sleeping Cars 
running through, without change, from Savannah to Jack- 
sonville, where boats connect with the St. Johns River 
and the St. Augustine' Railroad. The route of the Atlan- 
tic and Gulf Railroad is through the south-eastern section 
of Georgia. If connects with the Florida net-work of 
railroads at Live-Oak Station, in Florida, and this brings 
it in close railway and steamboat connection with all prin- 
cipal points in the State. The Express Train of the Atlan- 
tic and Gulf Railroad leaves Savannah daily, at 5.00 p. m., 
and through passengers are due at Jacksonville in 15 
hours, at Tallahassee in 18 hours, at St. Marks, on the 
"}ulf of Mexico, in 19}^ hours, and at Cedar Keys, in 
bouth- western Florida, in 25^^ hours. At Jacksonville 
there is daily steamboat connection with all the towns and 



20 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

landings on the St. Johns River. See advertisement of 
Brock's Line 

Florida can also be reached from New Orleans by 
Steamers of the New Orleans, Florida and Havana S. S. 
Co., which touch at Cedar Keys, en route to Key West 
and Havana. Northern visitors to Florida, who wish to 
return home either by the way of Havana or the Missis- 
sippi River can avail themselves of this convenient route, 
embarking at Cedar Keys. I. K. Roberts, Agent New 
Orleans, Florida and Havana S. S- Co., New Orleans, La. 



It has been well said that no part of the United States 
can furnish a more exciting and agreeable winter hunting- 
ground than Indian River and the Gulf Coast. Turkeys, 
Ducks, Squirrels, Deer and Bear are to be found through- 
out the State. The hunter in the Indian river region 
" may comfortably camp out, month after month, with a 
single blanket, taking as he needs his sweet potatoes from 
the ground, and the orange, lemon and banana from the 
plantations along the route, and in the continuous sunshine 
of an unending spring surfeit himself with the pursuit of 
game." 

In the rivers and bays of Florida the lover of angling 
will find his real paradise. They literally swarm with 
valuable fish. Mullet, Bass, Sheepshead, Trout, Perch — 
salt water and fresh — and innumerable other varieties 
abound. The fish caught in the Lower St. Johns will run 
from one to forty pounds in weight. Lakes Harney and 
Jessup are abundantly stocked with fish of excellent 
quality, which are easily caught with nets, hooks or spears. 



J 



IMPORTANT TO TOURISTS AND INVALIDS. 



PAVOniTB nOUTE TO PLOniD A 

— VIA— 

BALTIMORE,PORTSMOUTH & WELDON, 

Popularly known to the traveling public as the 



K#WWH« 



One op the Magnificent Bat Line Steamers 

Leaves Baltimore Daily, except Sundays, at 4 P. M. 

Connecting at Portsmouth, next morning, with Aix Rah. for 

f iiniiigtoD, ColMtila, Amsta, Ctiarlestoii, SaTaiinali, anl 

ALL FLORIDA^ POINTS I 

^0~ The Steamers of this line are the most elegant south of New York, are 
furnished with every comfort, are lighted with Gas, provided with Bath 
Rooms, and are supplied with all improvements calculated to insure the 
COMFOMT and ENJOTMEJiToi the XRAVEI^EB. 

Having access to the Markets of Baltimore and Norfolk, — unquestion- 
ably the best in the country, — passengers will find the Favfs provided on 
these Steamers to be equal to any Motel or Sestaurant in tlie 
country. 

Trains RUN THROUGH to WILMINGTON, froi Portsiontli, Witliont Change. 

At Wilmington take Sleeping Car through to Charleston or 

Augusta and arrive at Savannah the following afternoon. 

SUI'rEIC and SREASEAST, and an ENTIRE NIGHT'S JRE8X 

on the SA T IINE STEAMERS. 



Quick Time, Luxurious Fare, and superior State-Room Accommodations. 

Baggage Checked Through to all principal Southern Points. 

o 

f~ Passengers Xenving NEW YORK at 9:00 A. M. and PHIIiA- 
J>EIiJPIHIA at 12.00 M., make close connection tct Raltimore 
'With Say Liine Steamersm 



PULLMAN'S PALACE SLEEPING CARS 

On all Night Trains connecting with this line. 

TICKETS GOOD VNTII, VSED, with the privilege of stopping over 
at all Terminal Points, can be obtained at all Principal Ticket Offices, North 
and South. Schedules giving time and all necessary information can be ol> 
tained wherever Through Tickets are sold. 

W.J.WALKER, EMMET 3ROWN, 

General Passenger Agent. General Ticket Agent. 




St. Augustine, Fla., 
E. E. VAILL & CO., Proprietors. 



This new and elegant Hotel has accommodations for 200 guests, 
and is most delightfully situated on the "Plaza " facing the South 

The house is provided with every modern improvement, is light 
ed with G-as, has a 

EilMari Moom^ EowliBg Allejj etc. 

attached. An ICE HOUSE has just been erected, and a EESTAU- 
EANT opened where aU the luxuries of the season are to be found. 
The St. Augustine Hotel commands a 



THE BAY AND HARBOR OF ST. AUGUSTINE, 
and a Birds-eye View of the City itself. 

The proprietors will endeavor to make their guests as comfort- 
able as possible, no pains having been spared in providing the best 
help from the North. 

The Prices of Board vary according to location of room and 
length of stay. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



23 



Alligator hunting is a sport peculiar to these southern 
latitudes and can be enjoyed to perfection along the 
rivers, lakes and lagoons of Florida. It takes a practiced 
eye to detect an alligator, for it closely resembles a rotten 
log, half-submerged and motionless. Shooting the alliga- 
tor from the decks of the river steamers is a common 
enough custom, but the real alligator hunt is to be had on 
the upper lakes where they swarm in almost countless 
numbers. Hunting parties for Lake Harney are made up 
at Enterprise, on the Upper St. Johns. The expense is 
not much and the amusement prodigious. 




St. Augustine. 



The antiquarian and enthusiast in historical research 
will find abundant material of interest in the visible traces 
of the Spanish occupation of two and three centuries ago. 
Remains of ancient cities, forts, breastworks, churches, 
and roads may be found, sometimes when least expected, 
in the midst of dense forests which have grown up and 
covered the vestiges of the early civilization. St. Augustine 



24 GUIDE TO FLORIDA, 

the oldest city on the North American continent, is unsur- 
passed in interest to the antiquarian. The battle fields 
of the later Indian wars also have a peculiar attractive- 
ness. Here the tourist may study the historic spots illus- 
trated by the valor and genius of Jackson, Taylor and 
Worth. The State of Florida offers rare opportunities 
for study to the students in Geology and Botany. The 
former have an interesting and important subject for in- 
vestigation in the extraordinary coral formation of the 
peninsula; the latter in the wonderful and varied growth 
of floral and other vegetation. Several professors of 
Natural History from Northern institutions of learning 
were in Florida last year, collecting specimens of insects, 
birds, fishes and beasts. There are several excellent tax- 
idermists in Savannah who make a business of preparing 
specimens for naturalists. 

There are those to whom field and water sports are un- 
interesting. They travel for a love of change merely, or 
to behold the beautiful and novel in nature or to enjoy 
idleness — a§ a relaxation from severe and unremitting 
jabor. The soft, balmy air, the clear, blue sky, the genial, 
though never enervating warmth, the tropical richness of 
the verdure, the bright-plumaged birds filling the forests 
with their music, the placid, transparent lakes and river 
scenery of unsurpassed loveliness, fulfil all the conditions 
required by this class of tourists. No American need 
seek an Italy across the waters when one lies here, almost 
within a day's travel. 



k::^^ 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 25 



For more than a century Florida has been a resort for 
invalids from all parts of the world and particularly for 
those afflicted with pulmonary complaints. The dryness, 
evenness and salubrity of the climate are-a most delightful 
and health-restoring change from the piercing winds and 
frigid temperature of the Northern, Middle and Western 
States in the winter. That many consumptives who have 
come to Florida die of the disease is true, but it is equally 
certain that they had postponed their visit until it was 
beyond the power of any climatic change to effect a cure. 
But there are thousands of persons threatened with the 
consumptive's death who have recovered their health in 
Florida, or at least have lengthened their <iays not un- 
pleasantly. 

It is estimated that at least forty thousand people visited 
Florida last winter, .of whom about a fourth were invalids. 
The many beautiful villages and landings on the St. 
Johns River, as far up as Enterprise, were crowded with 
these seekers for renewed life and health. St. Augustine 
and the Indian river country, on the Atlantic coast, were 
also filled with visitors of the same character. Among 
these were not only people troubled with lung diseases, 
but those who were suffering from nervous complaints and 
from physical and mental prostration. Many were over- 
worked business men from the great cities of the North 
and West, who sought this delicious and invigorating 
mode of recuperation. 

The mildness of the atmosphere in winter permits much 
exercise in the open air. It is not uncommon for the 
native ladies to walk late in the moonlight evenings 
covered, as to the head, , only with a lace veil. Some 
nights are damp and chilly, particularly in the Northern 



2j6 GUIDE TO FLORIDA, 

parts of the State, and a little fire is comfortable ; but 
usually, throughout the winter, the inhabitants sit without 
a fire and with open doors and windows. These remarks 
are not intended to convey the idea that caution as to 
clothing can be neglected by the invalid. A writer on 
this point says : "As a rule, invalids should not expose 
themselves to the night air nor be tempted on warm, bright 
days to lay aside thick shoes and comfortable clothing. 
The invalid should always be dad in woolen clothing, and 
the robust do not require a linen suit except in the summer 
months." 

Statistics testify to the healthfulness of Florida. Not- 
withstanding the fact that so many thousands of consump- 
tives resort to the State for relief, the proportion of deaths 
from pulmonary complaints in it is less than in any other 
State in the Union. 

The census of i860 showed that these deaths were as 
follows: 

Massachusetts, . . . one in 254 

Maine, - - - - " 289 

Vermont, . . _ _ " 404 

New York, - - - - " 473 

Pennsylvania, - - - " 580 

Ohio, "677 

California, - - - " 727 

Virginia, " 757 

Indiana, - - - - " 792 

Illinois, - - • - - " 878 

Florida, - - - - "1,447 

There is a wide-spread misapprehension respecting the 
malarial character of the interior of Florida. It is sup- 
posed that in some parts the air is charged with the most 
poisonous and noxious vapors .arising from the swamp 
lands, and that fevers are common in consequence of it. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 27 

It is true that there is much swampy land in the State, 
and that wherever there is a dense vegetable growth accom- 
panied by decomposition, malarious diseases arise, but in 
this case, the magnificent breezes, which sweep across the 
country, clear the atmosphere and purge it of its evil 
humors. All fevers in Florida assume a much milder 
type than in other sections where they are prevalent. 
Surgeon-General Lawson, of the United States Army, in 
his report explicitly asserts this. He says that statistics 
show " that the ratio of deaths to the number of cases of 
remittent fever has been much less among the troops serv- 
ing there than in any other portion of the United States. 
In the Middle Division the proportion is i death to 36 
cases of remittent fever ; in the Northern Division, i to 
52; in the Southern Division, i to 54; in Texas, i in 78; 
in California, i in 122; in New Mexico, i in 148; while 
in Florida it is i in 287. 

The remedial character of the springs, which abound in 
every part of the State, must not be overlooked. Some 
are known to be highly beneficial to rheumatic and dys- 
peptic patients. A reference to the index of this work 
will give inquirers the location of several of the best 
esteemed spas in the State. 



28 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



The Legislature of Florida has taken active measures 
to induce immigrants, from the North and West and from 
Europe, to settle in the State. A Department of Immigra- 
tion has been established in connection with the State 
Government ; the officer is styled Commissioner of Immi- 
gration, and he is a member of the Governor's Cabinet. 
The Bureau furnishes, upon application, all the informa- 
tion an intending settler may desire about the price, 
character and situation of lands and the means of getting 
to them. 

It may be succinctly said that the inducements to immi- 
gration to Florida consist in the cheapness of the lands, 
ease of tillage, wide scope of crops, heavy profits and 
healthfulness of climate. The lands of the State are 
classified as swamp lands, high and low hummock and 
pine. The first are the most durably rich lands in the 
Union. Ditching is indispensable in preparing them for 
profitable cultivation ; then they produce a succession of 
luxuriant crops with the most wonderful vigor. They 
are especially adapted for sugar, and have been known to 
yield four hogsheads to the acre, which is more than twice 
the average of Louisiana productiveness. There is at least 
a million of acres of this land vacant in Florida, most of 
which can be bought of the State for less than two dollars 
per acre. 

The characteristic of the hammock, as distinguished 
from the pine land, is, that it is covered with a growth of 
underbrush, while the latter is open. Whenever the land 
is not so low as to be called a swamp and produces an 
undergrowth of shrubbery, it is called hammock. These 
lands stud the pine forests every few miles and vary in 
extent from twenty acres to forty thousand acres. The 



GUIDE TO FLORfDA. 29 

low hummocks require a little ditching, and are adapted 
to the growth of the cane. The high hummocks are 
composed of very rich soil and produce, with very little 
cultivation, all the crops of the country. They require 
no other preparation than clearing and ploughing, and 
are the lands most sought after by new settlers ; the price 
varies from 25 cents to ^25.00 per acre, according to 
location. 

The pine lands are generally cleared by girdling the 
trees and cutting away the underbrush. The following 
year nothing remains but the trunks and dry branches 
which offer no further impediment to the rays of the sun. 
The fertility of what is denominated " first-rate pine " is 
remarkable. Some districts have yielded during fourteen 
years of successive cultivation, without the aid of manure, 
400 pounds of Sea Island Cotton to the acre. The poorer 
classes of pine lands are valuable for the raising of Sisal 
hemp. They afford an excellent range for cattle, and are 
worth still more for their timber and naval stores. Prices 
of "first-rate pine" land varies from 25 cents to ;gio 
per acre, according to location. 

Unimproved lands on the St. Johns River can be had 
at from ;^5 to $15; and improved lands in the same 
locality at from ;^2o to $^0. Plantations in other parts 
of the State, partially cleared and having some improve- 
ments, such as buildings and fences, are worth from ^3 to 
$10 per acre. Lands, having orange groves in bearing, 
are from ^50 to $250 per acre. On account of the genial 
climate, the finished, compactly-built dwelling-houses of 
the more rigorous North are not required. Less expen- 
sive buildings, the cost being not more than from ^200 
to ^500, will answer every purpose of health and comfort. 

The extraordinary variety of crops suitable to the 
soil of Florida is alluded to on another page. Many of 



30 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

them, with much less of the cost and hard labor expended 
in other farming sections of th^ Union, can be made 
exceedingly profitable. For settlers of small means the 
early vegetable cultivation and the raising of fruit make 
handsome returns, and for large capitalists there are 
fortunes in the production of cotton, sugar, fine Cuban 
tobacco and naval stores. There are also similar induce- 
ments in stock raising, the cutting of timber and lumber, 
salt making and the fisheries. Enterprising men and 
women, who know " how to keep a hotel," can settle any- 
where along the railroad lines or on the St. Johns, and 
depend on constant and remunerative business. 

Visitors to Florida, for the first time, are usually appre- 
hensive about snakes. Notwithstanding its tropical situ- 
ation there are few poisonous reptiles in Florida. In 
some localities the rattlesnake may be found, if sought for 
diligently, but generally the only snake visible is a species 
of harmless, water snake. The alligators are not aggres- 
sive towards strangers. They are rather disposed to run 
than fight when attacked. The mosquitoes flourish in the 
summer season, as they do everywhere else, but are less 
voracious than the Jersey breed. The other bugbear to 
the stranger in Florida — the malarial fever, is spoken of 
elsewhere. When it does occur, it is of the very mildest 
type, is not necessarily dangerous and yields easily to 
simple rOijedies. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 31 



Charleston, the principal city of South Carolina, and the 
largest on the Atlantic coast of the United States south of 
Baltimore, is situated on a tongue of land between tlie 
rivers Ashley and Cooper. Its population in 1870 was 
48,956, of which 26,173 were negroes and mulattoes. It 
is a large cotton and rice marf, and is connected with the 
interior of the country by extensive lines of railway. 

History — Charleston was originally settled by the 
English in 1679. It was one of the most important and 
opulent of the old colonial cities. In 1776 the British 
fleet, under Sir Peter Parker, was beaten off by the fort on 
Sullivan's Island. The city was captured by the British in 
1780. The great civil war of 1860-65 began here with 
the passage of the ordinance of secession in December, 
i860. 

Harbor — The harbor is one of the largest and hand- 
somest on the coast of America. The ruins of Fort Sum- 
ter, situated at its entrance, constitutes the spot of most 
interest to strangers visiting Charleston, Castle Pinckney, 
a short distance from the city, and Fort Moultrie, on Sulli- 
van's Island, are also fortresses of historic renown, A 
packet yacht conveys visitors to these points every after- 
noon, information of the hour of sailing, etc., may be 
obtained at the hotels. 

Hotels — The principal one is the Charleston Hotel, 
an exceedingly handsome structure, and conveniently lo- 
cated on Meeting at the intersection of Hayne and Pinck- 
ney streets. This house has long been noted as one of the 
most comfortable hostelries in the South, and its present 
proprietor, Mr. E. H. Jackson, ably sustains its reputation. 
The Pavillion and Planters' Hotels are cheaper houses and 
are well patronized. 



32 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

Streets — Meeting street is the longest and most ele • 
gant avenue. King street is the fashionable shopping 
thoroughfare. They run parallel the entire length of the 
city. 

Public Bllilciings— St. Michael's Church, a ven- 
erable edifice on the corner of Broad and Meeting streets, 
is worth seeing. The Post Ofifice building at the lower 
end of Broad street, is an ante-revolutionary structure. In 
its cellars American prisoners were cruelly incarcerated 
during the war for independence. The new Custom House 
is an imposing marble building. The Orphan House on 
Calhoun street is one of the architectural ornaments of the 
city. On its grounds is a marble statue of William Pitt 
erected by the citizens of Charleston previous to the Revo- 
lution. The Charleston College, the. Medical College, 
Roper's Hospital, the City Hall, the Citadel, and the Ar- 
senal, are large and handsome buildings. There is an in- 
teresting museum connected with the Charleston College- 

FlacciS ^vorth Visiting — Pleasant trips may be' 
made by the ferry-boats to Moultrieville and Mount Pleas- 
ant, the summer resorts of the Charlestonians. Magnolia 
Cemetery, a short distance beyond the city lines, is a beau- 
tiful spot and has many fine monuments. The Battery, at 
the lower end of Meeting street, is a magnificent prome- 
nade and affords an excellent view of the harbor. The 
Burnt District, which extends from river to river across the 
middle of the city, marks the track of the great fire of 
1864, The Markets should be visited on a Saturday night, 
and some of the large Rice Mills are interesting. A trip 
to the wonderful Phosphate Grounds should not be omitted. 
At the Academy of Music, one of the most elegant theatres 
in the Union, operatic and dramatic performances are given 
during the winter. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 33 



The commercial emporium of the Empire State of the 
South is beautifully situated on the Savannah River, about 
18 miles from its mouth. Savannah, next to New Orleans, 
is the largest port of shipment of cotton in the Southern 
States, and one of the largest in the world. It is advan- 
tageously placed for a great, thriving and increasing busi- 
ness, the Savannah river affords it water communication 
with the Northern part of the state for 380 miles. The 
Atlantic and Gulf Railroad connects it with the rich and 
growing sections of Southern, Middle and Upper Georgia, 
and with Florida and the Gulf ports. The Georgia Central 
road running through Middle Georgia to Atlanta and the 
Savannah and Charleston Railroad to Charleston, S. C, are 
important links connecting the city v/ith the West and 
North. There are four lines of first class steamers to 
New York, and weekly lines to Baltimore, Philadelphia 
and Boston. 

Savannah according to the census of 1870 had a popula- 
tion of 28,235, ofwhich 13,068 were colored. Its receipts 
of cotton in 1871-2 amounted to 457,159 bales. It also 
exported 34,000,000 feet of lumber, and the total value 
of its exports that year was ^50,000,000, which gave it the 
rank of the third exporting port in the United States. The 
city is handsomely laid out with broad streets closely 
shaded by water oaks, live oaks, magnolia, sycamore and 
pride of India trees. At nearly every other corner 
there is a public square, planted with these magnificent 
shade trees. The number of these squares is 24. Broad 
and Bay streets have grassy promenades in the middle, 
with carriage ways on either side. 

The principal Hotels are the Pulaski House and Screven 
House, both on Johnson Square. The other hotels are 
the Pavilion and Marshall House. 



34 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

There are many fine buildings in Savannah, among which 
may be mentioned the City Exchange, New Market House, 
St. Andrews Hall, the New Custom House and the Hall of 
the Georgia Historical Society. The Independent Pres- 
byterian Church afid St. John's Episcopal Church have 
considerable architectural merits. 

Strangers will $nd many spots in and about Savannah 
worth visiting. Fort Pulaski, a few miles down the river 
was the scene of a long siege during the late war. The 
original cost of its construction was JS988,859. 

Forsyth Park though small in area (20 acres) — > 
is quite a resort for the citizens and attractive to strangers, 
as it is composed mostly of the natural growth of the 
forests. The fountain in the centre, is considered a beau- 
tiful model. It is after the style of the fountains in the 
Place de la Conco^'d in Paris. The walks are prettily laid 
out, and covered with shell. It is the fashionable resort for 
the elite of the city. 

HonaTenture Cemetery, one of the loveliest 
spots in the world, has rural charms peculiar to itself. 
The long avenues, by the side of which the dead are sleep- 
ing are arched by the branches of great trees from which 
the gray moss sweeps in heavy festoons. There are some 
noticeable monuments in the cemetery. 

Thunderbolt, a picturesque bluff, 5 miles from the 
city, from which a good view of the country can be ob- 
tained, is a favorite resort for pleasure parties. 

.'Ttomiments. A monument in honor of General 
Nathaniel Greene adorns Johnson Square. One to the 
memory of Count Pulaski is erected on the spot where he 
fell in the attack on the city m 1779. 



IMPORTANT TO INVALIDS & OTHERS. 



filBITI &IIT1 FlOi lyillll TO THI iBll 

— VIA— 

Weldon, Portsmouth and Baltimore, 

Popularly known to the traveling public as the 



^"Passengers leaving Jacksontelij: and Tat.t.ahassee by evening 
trains, Savannah by morning trains, connect with this popular line 
either via Chaeleston or Augusta. Evening Trains -with PtrLL- 
MAN SiiEEPiNQ Caes attached leave both the latter places and arrive 
at Wilmington next morning — from which point an entire train runs 

into POBTSMOXTTH WITHOXn; CHANGE OF CAES. 



One of the Magnificent Bat Line Steamees leaves Pobtsmotjth 
Datlt, except Sundays, at 7:30 P. M,, on arrival of train, putting 
passengers in Baltimore next morning in ample time for New York 
Traius, refreshed and invigorated by luxurious fare and superior 
state room accommodations. 

^^The Steamers of this Line are the most elegant south of New York, are 
fiirnisbed with every comfort, are lighted with Gas, provided with Bath 
Rooms, and are supplied with all improvements calculated to insure the 
COMMOBX and MN^OYMENT of the TRA.TEI,I:M. 

Having access to the MARKETS of BALTIMORE and NORFOLK,— 
unquestionably the best in the country,— passengers will find the fare pro- 
vided on these Steamers to he Mqnal to any Botel or Jiestaurant 
in the country. 

Supper, BreaJkfast and an Entire Night's Best 

ON BAY LINE STEAMERS. 

BAGGAGE CHECKED THOUGH TO ALL POINTS NORTH. 

o 

TICKETS TBJROJTGB: ST THIS IINE, good untU used, with pri- 
vilege of stopping over, can be obtained at all offices of connecting lines, and 
at Ticket Offices in Jacksonville, Savannah and Charleston ; jJso, on CHAR- 
LESTON, SAVANNAH AND ST. JOHN'S RIVER STEAMERS. 

W. J. WALKER, EMiriET BROWIV, 

General Passenger Agent, General Ticket Agent. 



36 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

The Theatre is open during the winter season and 
presents the best musical and dramatic artists of the coun- 
try in succession. 

Whitefield's Orphan House. The remains of 

this institution, to the establishment of which the celebra- 
ted Whitefield, one of the pioneers of Methodism in Ameri- 
ca, devoted the best years of his life, may be seen about 
nine miles from the city. 

Savannah enjoys an enviable reputation for salubrity. 
During the winter months the hotels and private boarding 
houses are filled with Northern visitors. The climate is 
better suited to some invalids than points further South. 
Tourists bound to Florida by the Atlantic and Gulf Rail- 
road usually sojourn a few days in Savannah to enjoy its 
genial weather and visit its places of interest. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 37 



POINTS OF PEOMINENCE 

IN 

loijida mi in J^uf^etn (j)e0t:3ia, 

ON THE LINE OF THE 

ATLANTIC AND GULi? EAILROAD. 



This Railroad is the great connecting link between the 
Atlantic coast railroads from the North (via Savannah) 
and Southern Georgia and Florida, It affords a through 
railroad connection for passengers and freight between 
those flourishing sections and Baltimore, Philadelphia, 
New York and Boston. 

The main trunk extends from Savannah to Bainbridge, 
on the Flint River, nearly to the Alabama State line, a 
distance of 236 miles. There are two branch roads; one 
beginning at Lawton and extending to Live Oak, a distance 
of forty-eight miles, and connecting with the Jacksonville, 
Pensacola and Mobile Railroad ; and the other from Tliom- 
asville to Albany, Ga., a distance of fifty-eight miles. 
The Atlantic and Gulf Railroad also connects at Jesup 
with the Macon and Brunswick Railroad, and passengers 
and freight are taken either for the coast or for all points 
in Middle and Upper Georgia and Alabama. 

The following is the Time Table of the 



ATIiANTIO & GULF RAILROAD. 

Inyalids and cilier Trayelers to Florida can avoid a Sea-Yoyage Uy taKngtlis ronte. 

ioHN Screven, Pres., Savannah,Ga. j H. S. Haines, Gen. Supt, Savannah, Ga. 
).MACDONALD,Treas. " " | J. Evan?,G T A &Payins't, " " 

C. D. Owens, Gen. Agent, 229 Broadway, N Y. 



Accom. 



$6 50A.M, 

7 40 " 

8 20 " 

903 " 

9 42 ' 
10 20 
1058 " 

"37 ;' 

13 00 NN 

1 2SP.M 

2 10 " 
305 " 
4'S ' 

5 20 ' 
60s " 
64s " 

7 30 P.M. 
725A.M, 
803 " 
830 " 
9 ^2 " 
10 18 " 

10 54 " 

11 27A.M, 

12 02N'n. 
JT2 SSN'n, 



a 40 P.M. 

3 35 '; 

418 " 

450 " 

542 '' 
6 13 

650 " 



n 
55 



Express iMls 



*4 30 P.M. 

500 " 

518 " 

546 " 

613 " 

641 " 

705 " 

I750 " 
9 00 " 

9 35 " 
10 10 " 

10 48 " 

11 30 P M. 

12 00Nh't 
12 20 A.M. 

1 00 i, 

152 " 

2 12 " 

2 56 " 

3 28 .■' 

3 55 
418 " 

4 44 " 

5 25A.M. 

5 2SA.M, 

6 20 " 

7 06 " 
I735 " 

833 " 

904 

9 40 A.M. 



5 35A.M 

6 52 " 
7.6 " 

7 43 I 528 

8 15 A.M. 236 



P. M. 
*4 30 
P. M. 

1 7 50 

A. M. 
I OD 

s 24 

303 
331 

3 55 

A. M. 
10 12 

A. M. 
105s 
A. M. 



October 12, 1S73. 



Mis Express. Accom 



Ive.. .Sav^nnnh 1. ,.ar. 

Miller's 

Wav's 

Fleming's 

Mcintosh. 

. . Walthourville . . . 

Johnson 

Doctortown 

Jesup^ 

. . Screven 

Patterson.... .. 

...... .Blackshear 

Tebeauville 

Glenmore 

Argyle 

Homersville. . . 

Z\\ •■--*- ^ -ia" 

Stocton 

. Naylor 

Valaosta 

Ousley's 

....-Quitman 

Dixie's 

Boston 

ar.. Thomasvilie^ ..Iv 



1 ^36 
226 
220 

J2T2 
I 204 

J197 
190 

,183 
179 



IV... Thomasville^....ar 

Okloknee 

t) Pelham ^ 

g' Camilla g; 

S' Baconton R 

§" Hardaway <^ 

Albany ' 



Iv 



Thom-sville ^..ar.^ 

Cairo 

....Whigham 

.. ..Climjx 

ar.....Bainbridge8..iv^ 



leave] [arrive 

Savannah 1 

leave] [arrive 

Jesup^ 

leave] [arrive 

I.awt->n3 

Staten ville 

Jasper 

. , Suwanee 

LlveOak^ . 

arrivk] [leave 

Jacksonville .. . 

arrive] [leave 

Tallahassee 

arrive] [leave 



8 20 A 


.M. 


S 45 P-?l. 


750 




4 30 


7 32 




402 '• 


703 


" 


323 " 


637 


" 


246 " 


6 10 


" 


2 12 " 


5 4«> 


" 


1 37 '• 


5 17 


' ' 


I 00 P.M. 


5 00 




H 12 ION'H 


405 


J 


II I3AM. 


328 


" 


10 26 " 


2 52 


'^ 


9 45 " 


J 2 10 




835 " 


I 27 A 


.M. 


7 43 ;' 


12 5SN 


HT 


702 " 


12 30N 


HT 


6 20 " 


II 35 P.M. 


§5 40A.M. 


1^35 




7 45 P-M. 


1107 




7 06 " 


10 50 




6 42 " 


10 04 




538 « 


9 31 




4 53 " 


9°S 




4.6 " 



§ 7 05 P.M. 



7 05 P.M, 
6 23 " 

5 34 '■ 
504 ' 
4 26 

356 " 

3 20 P.M. 



7 05 P.M. 

5 53 '' 
5 3° ■ 
502 

4 32 P.M. 



A. M 

8 20 
A. M. • 

5 00 

NIGHT. 
12 00 
103s 

9 54 

9 27 
9°5 

p. M. 

2 40 
p. M. 

2 30 
P. M, 



2 10 P.M, 

12 3on'oi* 

45 A.M. 

10 53 " 

10 18 ' 

938 '' 

855 " 

t8 15 J' 



C ca 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA, 39 

CONNECTIONS. 

2 With Savannah and Charleston, and Central (.Ga.) Railways, and New York, 
Philadelphia, Baltimore and Boston Steamships. * With Macon and 
Brunswick Railroad. ^ With Florida Division. * With Jacksonville,Pensacola 
and Mobile Railroad. ^ With Atlantic, Gulf and West India Transit Com- 
pany's Railroad daily, except Sunday. 6 With Albany Division. " With 
through trains ou South-western Railroad. 8 with steamers for Columbus, 
Fort Gaines, Eufaula, and Apalachicola. 

Macon Passenger Train. 

Leaves Savannah daily, 4 30 p. m., arriving at Jesup daily, 8 15 p. m. ; arrives 
at Macon daily, s SS a-m- : leaves Macon daily, 7 45 p. m. ; leaves Jesup daily, 
5 a. m., arrives at Savannah daily, 8 20 a. m. Connects at Macon with trains 
on Macon and Western, and South-western R. Rs. 

NOTES. 

Sleeping' car runs through to Jacksonville. Sleeping car runs through tM 
and from Macon. Passengers for Brunswick take this train, arriving at 
Brunswick, daily, to 30 p. m. Leave Brunswick 2 30 a. m., arrive at Savannah 
8 20 a. m. Passengers from Macon by M. & B. 8 00 a. m. train, connect at 
Jesup with train for Florida. Passengers from Florida connect at Jesup with 
train arriving in Macon 4 30 p . m. 



The following are the stations on the Atlantic and Gulf 
Railroad after leaving Savannah : 

Millers — lo miles from Savannah, 226 miles from 
Bainbridge. Wood station. 

The railroad crosses the Little Ogeecnee River, just east 
of this station. 

Ways — 1534^ miles from Savannah, 220^ miles 
from Bainbridge. Wood station. There are Presbyterian 
and Baptist Churches near here. The County seat of 
Bryan County is near here. Within one mile east of 
this station the road crosses the Great Ogeechee River. 
Some of the largest rice plantations in Georgia are 
situated on its banks. A short distance below the 
bridge the blockade runner, ''Rattlesnake," previously 
the *' Nashville," was sunk by the guns of the Federal 
fleet, then lying below Genesis Point. On this point was 
the Confederate battery. Fort McAllister, whicli was cap- 
39 



40 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 

tured after a sharp fight, by Sherman's Army, on its 
" march to the sea." 

Fleming — 24 miles from Savannah and 212 miles 
from Bainbridge. Telegraph office. About fifteen miles 
from here, on the shore, is the harbor of Sunbury, 
one of the best on the Georgia coast, and one of the ear- 
liest settlements in the State. Visitors may see there the 
old Sunbury Fort and have a fine view of St. Catherine's 
Sound. At Fleming are Methodist and Baptist Churches. 

jflclntosh — 32 miles from Savannah and 204 
miles from Bainbridge. This station is two and one- 
half miles from the village of Flemington, Liberty County ; 
five miles from Hinesville, the County seat ; and ten miles 
from Riceboro, the head of water navigation on the North 
Newport River. 

'WalthourTilie — 39 miles from Savannah, 197 
miles from Bainbridge. The village of Walthourville is 
three miles from the station, and in ante bellum days 
was the summer residence of the wealthy planters of Lib- 
erty County. It was the birth-place of a number of the 
most eminent men of the State, and was noted for the 
intelligence and refinement of its society. Present popu- 
lation, 300. The place is a resort for invalids. There are 
good boarding houses kept by Messrs. Brown and Miller. 
Rates from $1.50 to ^2.00 per day for transient visitors. 
The neighborhood abounds with^ deer -and partridge. 
There are two churches in Walthourville, one Presbyterian 
and one Baptist. 

J^ohnstOEl — 46 miles from Savannah, 190 miles 
from Bainbridge. Population, 150. The village con- 
tains a boarding-house, kept by Mrs. Johnston, two saw 
mills and a shingle mill near by. Plenty of game will 
be found in the vicinity. 

Upon leaving this station, the road descends into the 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 4< 

valley of the Altamaha River. This river is one of the 
largest in the State and is formed by the junction of the 
Oconee and Ocmulgee Rivers ; the former, navigable for 
steamboats to Dublin^ and the latter to Macon. Darien, 
where a large trade is carried on in lumber and timber, 
lies near the mouth of the Altamaha. The Atlantic and 
Gulf Railroad crosses this stream upon a substantial lattice 
bridge of four spans, formed upon brick pieces of suffi- 
cient height for steamers to pass below. The swamp 
abounds in cypress and oak. The cypress is manufactured 
into shingles, and shipped to Macon, Savannah and North- 
ern ports, and quantities of oak staves are exported to 
France and Spain. 

]>OCtortoiim — 53 miles from Savannah, 183 
miles from Bainbridge. This station is near the site 
of an old Indian town, which was the abode of a famous 
"medicine man," whence the name of the station. 

Jesup — ^57 miles from Savannah, 179 miles from 
Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Junction of the Macon 
and Brunswick Railroad. Passengers take cars here for 
Macon, Atlanta, and all points in Middle and Northern 
Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee, Connection is also 
made here with the growing and prosperous city of Bruns- 
wick, forty miles distant on the Atlantic coast. The pop- 
ulation of Jesup is about 100. Hotels, kept by Mrs. Clary 
and Mr. Williams, will accommodate about sixty guests. 
Rates $3.00 per day. 

Screven — 68 miles from Savannah, 168 miles 
from Bainbridge. Wood station. 

Upon the line of the road for the thirty miles west of 
this station, in the finest lumber region of the State, are 
situated eight or ten large circular saw mills engaged in 
cutting lumber for shipment, via Savannah, to the Northern 
States, Europe, the West Indies and South America. The 



42 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 

lumber interest is annually increasing in importance, and 
adds largely to the revenues of this road. The shipments 
of lumber over the road have increased from 8,000,000 
feet in 1866, to 32,000,000 feet in 1871. Short lateral 
branches are being constructed into the virgin forests on 
either side of the line, and it is probable that the annual 
shipments will continue to increase for many years to 
come. 

Patterson — 77 miles from Savannah, 159 miles 
from Bainbridge. There are three churches in the 
vicinity. 

HSlacUsliear — 86 miles from Savannah, 150 miles 
from Bainbridge. Population, 800. County seat of 
Pierce County. There are in the village and vicinity four 
saw mills and a grist mill. The Knoles House accommo- 
dates travelers at ^2.50 per day or ^7.00 per week. The 
country hereabouts is heavily timbered and large quan- 
tities of round and square timber are cut and shipped. The 
South East Georgian is published here, and there is a Meth' 
odist Church in the village. 

Ten miles west of Blackshear the Brunswick and Albany 
Railroad crosses the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad. 

TebeaUFilEe — 97 miles from Savannah, 139 
miles from Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Population 
about 100. Situated near the head of the great Okafono- 
kee Swamp, which abounds with game and fish, and is a 
famous resort of ihe sportsman. The Railroad House at 
this station, kept by J. W. Remshurt, will accommodate 
about thirty guests at ^2.00 per day. There are two saw 
mills in the neighborhood, cutting about 15,000 feet of 
lumber daily. 

Glenmoice — 108 miles from Savannah, 128 miles 
from Bainbridge. Wood station. 

Argyle — 115 miles from Savannah, 121 miles from 
Bainbridge. Wood station. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 43 

Bomersville — 122 miles from Savannah, 114 miles 
from Bainbridge. Population, 200. County seat of 
Clinch County. The Okafonokee Swamp is near by. 
Cowart's Hotel and Hodge's boarding house afford 
good accommodations to visitors and sportsmen. Sugar 
cane is raised to some extent on the neighboring plan- 
tations. 

I^aiVton — 131 miles from Savannah, 105 miles 
from Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Junction with 
the Florida branch of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, 
(which see, at the end of this article.) The Railroad 
House accommodates travelers at ^2.00 per day. In 
the village the Primitive Baptists have a small meeting- 
house. Tiie climate here is agreeable and the water excel- 
lent. The country is heavily covered with yellow pine. 

Stockton — 139 miles from Savannah, 105 miles from 
Bainbridge. Wood station. 

IVayJor — 144 miles from Savannah, 97 miles from 
Bainbridge. Population, about 75. There are two saw 
mills and a wool-carding establishment near here. 

\^aEdoista. — 157 miles from Savannah, 79 miles from 
Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Population, 2000. County 
seat of Lowndes County. The largest town on the rail- 
road between Savannah and Thomasville. It ships about 
5000 bales of cotton per season, and contains several mills, 
five white and two negro Churches, and two good hotels, 
Stuart's Railroad Hotel and Tranquil Hall, where accom- 
modations may be had at ^5.00 per week for permanent 
guests. The South Georgia Times is published here. In 
the neighborhood are many natural curiosities; one 
of the small rivers enters a cave and disappears. 
Ocean Pond and Long Pond, from three to five miles in 
extent, afford the best fresh-water fishing in Georgia. 

From this station westward to Thomasville, the road 



44 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



passes thioagh a region which, perhaps, offers more 
inducements to emigration than any other part of Southern 
Georgia or Florida. It is a rolling country, well watered, 
and thickly wooded with yellow pine and other timber. 
There are many thrifty farmers engaged in planting cotton, 
corn and sugar cane, and in raising stock for the Savannah 
market. In summer the southerly winds are cooled in 
passing over the Gulf of Mexico, and the nights are 
always pleasant. Cases of malarial disease are rare, and 
mosquitoes are almost unknown. In short, there is no 
other part of the Southern country possessing the same 
advantages of climate, soil and productions, of health, 
proximity to schools, churches and centres of trade, where 
land can be purchased at as small a price as in this vicin- 
ity. The Atlantic and Gulf Railroad was only extended 
to Thomasville at the beginning of the late war, and as it 
is not on any of the great Southern Through Lines, it has 
in a great measure escaped the attention of persons going 
South in pursuit of health or seeking a home. 

Ousley — 1 66 miles from Savannah, 70 miles from 
Bainbridge. Population, 150. Travelers are accommo- 
dated by J. A. and W. H. Ousley. In the vicinity are 
several pretty lakes. 

Two miles west of this station the road crosses the 
Withlacoochee River, an affluent of the Suwanee. Upon 
its banks and near the road are two springs (one of them 
a sulphur spring), which enjoy quite a local reputation. 

^aiitniaM — 174 miles from Savannah, 62 miles from 
Bainbridge. Telegraph office. One of the most flourishing 
towns in Southern Georgia. Population, 1500. County 
seat of the fertile county of Brooks, which contains ten 
water and six steam mills. In Quitman are two carriage 
manufactories, a cotton and wool factory with a capital of 
575,0005 five churches, belonging to the Methodists, 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 45 

Baptists and Presbyterians ; thirty business houses, mostly 
built of brick, and three educational institutions ; the 
Lovick Pierce College with 60 students, Quitman Academy 
with 100 students, and the Howard Institute (colored) 
with 60 students. This young town was planned and the 
streets blazed out of the pine forests in i860. Last year 
6000 bales of cotton were shipped from its depot. The 
Quitman Banner is published here. In the county is a 
partially explored cave, called the Devil's Hopper, which 
is a great natural curiosity. The sulphur springs are four 
miles distant from the town. Travelers are accommodated 
at the City Hotel by J. G. Jenkins, and Mcintosh House, 
by Mrs. B. Mcintosh. Rates, ^2.00 per day, |i 0.00 per 
week, ;^2o.oo per month. Students, ;^ 10. 00 per month, 

Dixie — 'iSi miles from Savannah, 55 miles from 
Bainbridge. Bryan's Hotel has good accommodations at 
1^1.50 per day. Near by is Dry Lake, a large and beauti- 
ful sheet of water, and a sink hole into which three rivers 
empty and show no outlet again. 

Boston — 188 miles from Savannah, 48 miles from 
Bainbridge. Population, 400. Ships 1800 bales of cotton. 
Several steam saw mills here, and Methodist, Baptist and 
Presbyterian churches. Boston is the proposed terminus 
of two new railroads ; one to St. Marys, Georgia, and the 
other to Greenfield, Georgia, and is growing rapidly. 

Ttiomasville — 200 miles from Savannah, 36 miles 
from Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Junction with Albany 
branch of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad,' (which see, at 
the end of this article.) Population, 4000. County seat 
of Thomas County. The town is situated on the highest 
land between Savannah and the Flint River, and is 97 feet 
higher than Albany. It is the centre of a thriving trade 
and bids fair to become the most important town in 
Southern Georgia. Its location is dry and healthy, and 



46 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

it is tnerefore a favorite resort for Northern invalids. The 
streets are broad and beautifully shaded with evergreens. 
The town has Episcopal, Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian 
and Roman Catholic churches ; five saw mills, a foundry 
and a tannery, and supports a newspaper, the Southern 
Enterprise. The South Georgia Agricultural and Mechan- 
ical Association holds its annual fairs here, generally con- 
tinuing five days. The country around is cultivated with 
cotton and sugar, and is well settled. Travelers and invalids 
will find accommodations at the Gulf Railroad House, kept 
by G. W. Parnell, and Young's Hotel, by John McKinnon; 
charges ^3.00 per day or ;^ 12.00 per week. At the board- 
ing houses rates are from ^20.00 to ^25.00 per month. A 
Swiss Colony is successfully engaged in the grape culture 
near Thomasville. Thomasville shipped about 12,000 
bales of cotton last year. ' 

Cairo — 214 miles from Savannah, 22 miles from Bain- 
bridge. Population 6(i. Boarding houses kept by W. T. 
Rigsby, William Powell and Wily Pearce. Rates ^i.oo 
per day. 

^Whigliani — 221 miles from Savannah, 15 miles from 
Bainbridge. A considerable trade done here with the 
surrounding country. 

Climax — 228 miles from Savannah, 8 miles from 
Bainbridge. Wood station. At this station the road 
descends westward into the valley of the Flint River. 

Bainbridg'e — 236 miles from Savannah. The 
"Western terminus of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad. 
Telegraph office, and the head of navigation on the 
Flint River, which is navigable all the year. Steamboats 
make semi-weekly trips to Columbus, Georgia, on the 
Chattahoochee and Apalachicola, Florida, on the Gulf of 
Mexico. The population of Bainbridge is 2000. It con- 
tains a cotton factory, two steam saw mills, and three 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 47 

churches. Two newspapers, the Southern Sun and the 
Argus are printed here. The neighboring lakes abound 
with fresh-water fish. The Sharon House, kept by John 
Sharon, is a first-class country house. Board ;^3.oo per 
day, $15.00 per week. 

Bainbridge is the county seat of Decatur County. The 
local shipments of cotton are 11,000 bales. The steamers 
landing here bring about 16,000 bales per annum for ship- 
ment by rail to Savannah. The town is rapidly improving. 
It is also the terminus of the Bainbridge, Cuthbert and 
Columbus Railroad, (narrow gauge) now under construc- 
tion. 



From Lawton, Georgia, to Live Oak, Florida. 

lia.f¥toil — 131 miles from Savannah, 132 miles from 
Jacksonville. The junction of the main trunk of the 
Atlantic and Gulf Railroad and the Florida Branch. 

Forrest — 143 miles from Savannah, 121 miles from 
Jacksonville. Wood station. 

StatenTille — ^^151 miles from Savannah, in miles 
from Jacksonville. Population, about 50. The place con- 
tains Baptist and Methodist churches. 

Jasper — 163 miles from Savannah, 99 miles from 
Jacksonville. Population, 150. County seat of Jasper 
County. Invalids take conveyances here for the Upper 
White Sulphur Springs, 18 miles distant. The country here- 
about is pleasant and healthy. Visitors to Jasper can be 
accommodated at the Stewart House, kept by Judge H. J. 
Stewart, and the Hately House, by Mrs. Z. Hately. 
Charges, $15.00 to $20.00 per month, $2.00 per day. 



48 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

^mvanee — 171 miles from Savannah, 90 miles 
from Jacksonville. Wood station. About one mile from 
his statioa is a most remarkable Sulphur spring, upon the 
rocky shore of the widely-sung " Suwanee Ribber," and 
embowered in the live-oak and magnolia trees which shade 
its placid surface. The spring is about fifteen feet deep 
and as many fact in diameter ; its crystal-pure waters, as 
they pour into the river, are so clearly separate from the 
dark current flowing down from the Okafonokee Swamp, 
that the line of demarkation may be observed for some 
distance below the spring. This spring is well known for 
its efficiency in cases of rheumatism and dyspepsia, as is 
also the Upper White Sulphur, some miles farther up the 
river. 

lilTC Oak — 179 miles from Savannah, 83 miles from 
Jacksonville. Telegraph office. Junction with the Jack- 
sonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad. 



From Thomasville to Albany, Georgia. 

XllomaSTllle — 200 miles from Savannah, 60 miles 
from Albany. Junction of the main trunk and the Albany 
Divisionof the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad. 

Okloknee — 211 miles from Savannah, 49 miles from 
Albany. 

Pellia.m — 224 miles from Savannah. 36 miles from 
Albany. 

Camilla. — 232 miles from Savannah, 28 miles from 
Albany. Telegraph office. A new town, laid out in 1857, 
and growing rapidly. Population, 500. Ships 5000 bales 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 49 

of cotton. It is situated in the midst of a flourishing cot- 
ton region. The town contains several steam saw mills, 
two corn mills, Methodist, Baptist and Presbyterian 
churches, two good hotels and a number of boarding 
houses. Prices at the former, per day $2.00 to ;^2.5o; 
per week, ^5.00 to ^6.00. County seat of Mitchell County. 
From this station to Albany the road runs near the east 
bank of the Flint PJver, and through an almost continuous 
belt of extensive and fertile cotton plantations. 

Sacoilton — 242 miles from Savannah, 18 miles from 
Albany. 

Ilai*dawa.y — 252 miles from Savannah, 8 miles from 
Albany. 

Albany — Telegraph Office, 258 miles from Savannah 
and on the Flint River. The terminus of three railroads, 
the Albany Branch of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, the 
Brunswick and Albany Railroad to the Atlantic coast, and 
the South-western Railroad to Macon. Population, 3500. 
County seat of Dougherty County. This is also a new 
place and has risen to the dignity of an incorporated city. 
It contains a number of mills and foundries, seven churches, 
a newspaper, (yhtJVews) and two hotels ; the Town House, 
kept by Collier & Co., and the Albany House by M. 
Burnes. Rates, I3.00 per day and ^30.00 per month. 
Upland cotton is the staple product of the surrounding 
country. Blue Spring, three miles from Albany, is a bold 
stream, gushing from the earth, and abounding with fisli. 
The many ponds in the county are supposed to have an 
underground connection with this spring. 



50 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



From Quincy, via Live Oak, to Jacksonville, by the 
Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad. 

The Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad con- 
nects the Apalachicola River in Western Florida with the 
Atlantic Ocean at Jacksonville, and therefore traverses the 
entire Northern section of the State, east of the Apalachi- 
cola. It also connects at Live Oak with the Atlantic and 
Gulf Railroad, and all stations in Georgia ; at Tallahassee 
with St. Marks and the Gulf of Mexico, and at Baldwin 
with Fernandina in the North and Cedar Keys in the 
South. At present the road is in running condition from 
Quincy east to Jacksonville, a distance of 189 miles. The 
road will be completed this winter to Chattahoochee, and 
the work of making the connection with Pensacola and 
Mobile will be pushed forward rapidly. 

The following are the stations on this road, going east : 
Quincy — 189 miles from Jacksonville. Telegraph 
office. Population, 800. County seat of Gadsden 
County.. The Willard House, kept by Mrs. Willard, is 
recommended. Board, ^3.00 pei day. There is a board- 
ing-house kept by Mrs. Innes. Quincy has three churches : 
Methodist, Episcopal and Presbyterian. A weekly news- 
paper, the Quincy Journal, is published here. The 
village is situated in Gadsden County, which before 
the war cultivated fine Cuba tobacco on a large and remu- 
nerative scale. The early vegetable business is flourishing. 
The neighborhood of Mount Pleasant, 12 miles from 
Quincy, is engaged in the cultivation of the Scuppernong 
grape, and produces a wine equal to the best of the Call- 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 5' 

fornia and Ohio vintages. A number of Swedish immi- 
grants have settled in Gadsden County, and have done so 
well that a large party has been iuduced to join them. 
Quincy is 22 miles from Bainbridge.. Georgia, and with it 
has daily stage communication. 

Midway — 12 miles from Quincy. 177 miles from 
Jacksonville. 

Tallat&aissee — 2 4 miles from Quincy, 165 miles from 
Jacksonville. Telegraph office. The capital of the State 
of Florida, and county seat of Leon County. Population, 
2500. There are two newspapers published in Tallahassee, 
the Floridian, conservative, and the Sentinel, republican. 
The principal hotel is the City Hotel, by Mrs. Mary 
Archer It has accommodation for 150 guests. Board, 
^4.00 per. day. There are no manufactories. Leon 
County, in which Tallahassee is situated, is wholly a farm- 
ing county, and contains some of the best rolling lands in 
the State. About 12,000 bales of cotton are raised an- 
nually. The climate is delightful, the summer's heat being 
tempered by the Gulf breezes. In the neighborhood of the 
city are Lakes Bradford, Jackson and Lafayette. Tlae 
name of the second was given by General McCall, who 
was on Jackson's staff. Lake Lafayette received its name 
from the grant of land made by Congress to the Marquis, 
within the area of which the lake is situated. Tallahassee 
is connected with St. Marks on the Gulf of Mexico, by a 
branch of the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad. 
Trains run through in an hour and a half. (See notice of 
St. Marks, at the end of this article.) The society of this 
town is distinguished for its intelligence and refinement. 

Ctiaires — 35 miles from Quincy, 153 miles from 
Jacksonville. 

lj9oyds — 42 miles from Quincy, 147 miles from Jack- 
sonville. Population, 200. The village contains a Bap- 



52 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

tist and two Methodist Churches. The railroad here runs 
through a flat, pine-wood country. 

inonticello Junction— 51 miles from Quincy, 
138 miles from Jacksonville. Connection is had here with 
the town of Monticello, county seat of Jefferson County, 
which is the terminus of a branch road, four and a quarter 
miles distant. The population of Monticello is about 2000. 
Telegraph office. The Monticello Advertiser is published 
here, and there are Episcopalian, Methodist, Baptist and 
Presbyterian churches. The principal hotel is the Monti- 
cello, with good accommodations, and kept by Mrs. M. 
A. Madden. Board and lodging may be had for ^25.00 
per month. Lake Miccosukie is in this vicinity. Its 
banks are famous in the ancient history of Florida, as the 
camping ground of De Soto ; and in modern history, as 
the field of a sanguinary battle between General Jacksou 
and the Miccosukie tribe of Indians. 

Monticello is twenty miles distant from Dixie, on the 
Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, 

Aucilla — 58 miles from Quincy and 131 miles from 
Jacksonville. 

Qoodman — 65 miles from Quincy and 124 miles 
from Jacksonville. These two stations are shipping points 
for a fine planting country. 

]?Iadi$on — 79 miles from Quincy and no miles from 
Jacksonville. Telegraph office. Population between 700 
and 800. ^ County seat of Madison County. The village 
contains Methodist, Baptist and Presbyterian churches. 
The lands hereabouts are good, and there is considerable 
early garden truck raised for the Northern markets. The 
Phoenix Mills in the village are of large capacity. Trav- 
elers can be accommodated at the house of Mr. W. E. 
Howells, at ^2.50 per day. In the County of Madison the 
beautiful Lakes Rachel and Mary Frances, and Cherry 
Lake are situated. They abound with fish. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 53 

EllaTille — 94 miles from Quincy and 95 miles from 
Jacksonville. An extensive lumbering place ; situated on 
the Suwanee River, which empties into the Gulf of Mex- 
ico. Population, about 500. There are large saw mills at 
this place, whose cutting capacity is fifty thousand feet 
daily, also planing and grist mills. A boarding house in 
the village is kept by Mrs. Drew. The church is used by 
all denominations. 

Live Oak — 107 miles from Quincy and 82 miles 
from Jacksonville. The junction with the Atlantic and 
Gulf Railroad to Savannah, and all railroad points North. 
Telegraph office. Countyseatof Suwanee County. Popula- 
tion, 800. The village contains a saw mill, a planing mill, 
a manufactory and a church, which is used alternately by 
the Episcopalians, Baptists, Methodists and Presbyterians. 
The Live Oak Herald \s published here. Conner's Hotel 
affords good accommodations. Fare, ;^3.oo per diem. 
There is a private boarding house kept by Mrs. McLarran. 
Near the village are many waterfalls, some of them very 
pretty. The site of Live Oak was once an Indian camping 
ground. The Live Oak Times is published here. 

liVelUborn — 119 miles from Quincy and 71 miles 
from Jacksonville. Passengers going to White Sulphur 
Springs stop here. Population, 350. Wellborn is situated 
on the highest point above the level of the Gulf, on this 
railroad. It is in a healthy country and a resort for inva- 
lids. The celebrated White Sulphur Springs on the 
Suwanee River, are eight miles distant. They are much 
used by sufferers from dyspepsia and rheumatism. Lake 
Wellborn and several other inland sheets of water, are in 
this neighborhood, and are well stocked with fish. The 
village contains two churches, one used by the Baptists, 
and the other by the Methodists and Presbyterians. Trav- 
elers and invalids are accommodated at the houses of H. 



-54- GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

D. Rigsbee, S. L. Williams' and others. Rites, ^1.50 
daily, ^7.00 to $8.00 weekly, ^20.00 to i>jo.oo monthly. 

JLake City — 130 miles from Quincy and 59 miles 
from Jacksonville. Telegraph office. A city of 2000 
inhabitants. An United States signal service station and 
the seat of justice of Columbia County. The place con- 
tains cotton, saw and grist mills ; and seven churches be- 
longing to the Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist, 
Episcopalian and Baptist denominations. The Lake City 
Press, edited by Captain E. W. Davis, is published here. 
Lakes Isabella, De Soto and Hamburg are within the city 
limits, and Indian Lake within a quarter of a mile. There 
is a chalybeate (iron, sulphur and magnesia) spring, about 
half a mile from the city, and one of the best sulphur 
springs in the South within 12 miles. The lakes and 
streams are stocked with trout, bream, perch, (mawmouth, 
speckled, sand and mud) gar and other varieties of fish ; 
and the surrounding country with deer, bears, wild turkeys, 
partridges, snipe, (English and gray) and wild ducks. 
Every planter has from one to two dozen orange trees. 
The dim remains may be seen, about Lr.lf a mile from Lake 
City, of trenches built by De Soto in his conflicts with the 
Indians over three hundred years ago. The city has three 
hotels, the Cathey House by J. W. Cathey, Hancock 
House by Mrs. Ashurst, and Thrasher House by T. B. 
Thrasher, each containing from 25 to 30 rooms. 

Olltistee — 142 miles from Quincy and 47 miles from 
Jacksonville. ,„01ustee is the site of the most important 
battle fought in Florida during the late civil war. Major 
General Trueman Seymour, with a large body of United 
States troops, in February, i'864, marched from Jackson- 
ville, westward, and at this place encountered the Confed- 
erate army under Brigadier-General Joseph Finegan. A 
desperate battle ensued, which lasted all day, and was 



GUIDE TO KLORIDA. 55 

characterized by great bravery on both sides. General 
Seymour was beaten, and retreated from the field, aban- 
doning his dead and wounded to the enemy. His loss 
was 1 200, including Colonel Fribley, of the negro troops, 
killed. Finegans's loss was 250. The Confederate cavalry 
pursued General Seymour as far as Baldwin, picking up 
many prisoners. 

Sanderson — 152 miles from Quincy and 37 miles 
from Jacksonville. Telegraph Office. County seat of 
Baker County. 

Baldwin — 170 miles from Quincy and 19 miles 
from Jacksonville. Telegraph Office. Junction with the 
Florida Railroad, connecting with Fernandina and the 
Atlantic Ocean on the north, and Cedar Keys and the 
Gulf of Mexico, on the south. (See article on the Florida 
Railroad.) The telegraph line to Cuba branches off at 
this station. 

H^llite B[oil§e — 178 miles from Quincy and 11 
miles from Jacksonville. 

JacksonTille — 189 miles from Quincy. Termi- 
nus of the J. P. & M. Railroad. Telegraph Office. Boats 
for all points on the St. Johns River, and connecting with 
the St. Augustine Railroad at Tocoi, are taken here. (See 
article on the St. Johns River.) 

From Tallahassee to St. Marks. 

A branch railroad of 2 1 miles in length, connects Tal- 
lahassee with the port of St. Marks, on the Gulf of 
Mexico. 

St. Marks — 21 miles from Tallahassee. Telegraph 
Office. A small settlement. Connection is made here 
with steamers for New Orleans, Pensacola, Apalachicola, 
Cedar Keys, Key West and Havana. 



56 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



From Fernandina, via Baldwin, to Cedar Keys, 
BY THE Florida Railroad. 

The Florida Railroad stretches across the State, from 
the city of Fernandina in the extreme north-east, to Cedar 
Keys on the Gulf of Mexico, 154 miles south-west ; thus 
connecting the waters of the Gulf and the Atlantic with 
an iron link. The road is well built and comfortable, and 
passes through some of the most picturesque parts of 
"Plorida. Through trains leaving daily from either termi- 
nus make the passage in twelve hours. 

The following are the stations on this route : 
Fernandina — Telegraph Office. An old but 
thriving city ; situated on the inner or western shore of 
Amelia Island, and at the mouth of the Amelia River, 
which divides it from the main land, and forms, with Cum- 
berland Sound, one of the best and safest seaports on the 
Atlantic coast, south of the Virginia capes. The city was 
built by the Spaniards. For many years it languished, 
but the compl-etion of the railroad connection with the 
Gulf of Mexico gave it a new start, and it is now one of 
the most promising cities in the South. The population is 
about 2500. The harbor of Fernandina is so capacious, 
that, during the war of 181 2, when the town was Spanish 
and neutral, more than three hundred square-rigged 
vessels were congregated together in its waters at one 
time. The harbor is land-locked, aud indeed can hold 
immense fleets in safety from the raging gales of the Atlan- 
tic outside. Vessels drawing 19 or 20 feet can cross the 
bar at high tide, while vessels of the deepest draught can 
unload at the wharves. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 57 

The lumber interest in this city is very considerable and 
is increasing. There are four large saw mills in operation, 
and others are contemplated. English capital has lately 
started a large cotton-ginning establishment, and a cotton- 
seed oil manufactory. In the vicinity are numerous sugar, 
cotton and orange plantations, mostly of a moderate size. 
It is to the market gardener that the neighborhood of Fer- 
nandina offers the greatest inducements. Vegetables can 
be raised, particularly in the winter season, so much earlier 
than at the North, that they are a very profitable article of 
shipment to New York. 

Fernandina has seven churches, one Episcopal, one 
Presbyterian, two Methodist, two Baptist and one Roman 
Catholic. It is the seat of the Episcopal Bishoprick of 
Florida. A large and flourishing academy for young 
ladies is under the charge of the Bishop. There are two 
newspapers published in the city, the Island City and the 
Sunny South. The hotels are the Norwood House, J. R. 
Pearson, proprietor ; the Virginia House, J. M. Payne, 
proprietor ; and the Florida House, Thomas Leddy, pro- 
prietor. The rates per day are from ^2.00 to $3.50, but 
at these and numerous boarding houses, liberal terms can 
be made by the week or month. The healthfulness of 
Fernandina cannot be surpassed in the south. The cool 
sea breeze in summer makes it a delightful residence, while 
the general mildness of the climate in winter renders it 
equally attractive. 

Direct communication is had with all the principal 
railroad points in Florida and seaports to the northward ; 
and a new railroad is contemplated from Fernandina to 
Jacksonville, which will lessen the traveling distance be- 
tween that place and Savannah. Besides its pleasant 
climate, Fernandina has, in its neighborhood, some places 
of historical interest and na ural beauty, which make it 



v58 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 

attractive to visitors. The magnificent sea beach affords 
at low water a drive of eighteen miles on a road as smooth 
and hard as the bed of a billiard table. An interesting 
excursion is to Dungeness, — miles distant ; the seat of 
the illustrious General Nathaniel Greene of Revolutionary 
memory. The estate was presented to the General by the 
people of Georgia, in recognition of his services as com- 
mander of the Southern provincial army during the most 
critical period of the struggle. It consists of about 
10,000 acres, and has been iaid out with great taste and 
care. The gardens are superb. The visitor can see here 
how the olive flourishes in the South, making beautiful 
groves traversed by avenues ; also avenues of live oaks, 
those giants of the forest, hanging with the sombre though 
graceful Spanish moss, which droops in long festoons from 
every limb. On the beach, about half a mile from the 
Dungeness mansion, may be seen the grave of General 
HenryLee, of Virginia, the famous ''Light Horse Harry" 
of the Revolution. He died at this place in March, 1818, 
aged 6^ years. A headstone, erected by his son, General 
Robert E. Lee, the Commander-in-chief of the Confed- 
erate armies, marks the spot where the hero is buried. 

Oai't's Road — 12 miles from Fernandina, 142 
miles from Cedar Keys. Wood station. 

Calfialian — 27 miles from Fernandina, 127 from 
Cedar Keys; small station ; population, 20 to 25. There 
is a missionary Baptist church here, and another church 
(colored) being erected. The station is situated on an 
extensive marl bed, and is surrounded by a valuable forest 
of yellow pine, cypress, live oak, white oak, &c. Travel- 
ers who have a curiosity to see live rattlesnakes can gratify 
it in the woods hereabouts. 

Baldwin — Telegraph Office. 47 miles from Fer- 
nandina, 107 miles from Cedar Keys- The junction with 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



sg 



the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Florida Railroad. The 
City of Jacksonville is only 20 miles distant. Population 
of this settlement, about 150. It contains two hotels, the 
Baldwin House and the Florida House, which have 
accommodations for 100 guests. Charges, $4.00 per 
diem. 

Trail Rldg^e — (>2 miles from Fernandina, 92 miles 
from Cedar Keys. 

Starke — 73 miles from Fernandina, Si miles from 
Cedar Keys. Population, 250. There is a church in the 
village, and three within the distance of a mile, all Meth- 
odist. No hotel, but a good boarding house, kept by Mrs. 
T. B. Hoyt, who charges ^1.50 perday,or^25 per month. 
There are a number of lakes from two and a-half to ten 
miles distant, some of them large with very clear water. 
Game is scarce, but fresh water fish abound in the lakes. 
This part of Florida is principally inhabited by small far- 
mers, who cultivate the sea is land cotton, corn, sugar cane, 
sweet oranges, peaches and a variety of garden pro- 
ductions. 

Waldo — 84 miles from Fernandina and 70 miles from 
Cedar Keys. Junction of the railroad now being con- 
structed to Tampa Bay. Population, about 125. Has 
two Baptist and one Methodist churches. No hotel, but 
board can be obtained in private families, at from ;^i5,oo 
to ;^2o.oo per month. The village has two mills for gin- 
ning cotton. Santa Fe Lake is about two miles distant. 
It is about nine miles long and four, wide, and affords 
excellent facilities for boating and fishing. About six 
miles from Waldo there is a natnral sink in the land cover- 
ing about two acres. A stream runs into it continually, 
and yet there is no visible outlet. The Santa Fe River 
disappears several miles from the village, and flows under 
ground, thus forming a natural bridge. The lakes and 



p6o GUiDE TO FLORIDA. 

creeks here about are filled with trout and perch, and the 
woods with deer, ducks, quails, etc. This neighborhood 
is remarkable for its healthfulriess. The only local dis- 
ease is the malarial fever, which prevails during the later 
months of summer, but which is in a mild form and easily- 
controlled by remedies. The climate is peculiarly adapted 
to sufferers from diseases of the lungs, the air being dry 
and pleasant. 

OainesYille — 96 miles from Fernandina, 55 miles 
from Cedar Keys. Telegraph Office. The largest and 
most important station on the Florida Railroad, and a 
favorite resort for invalids. County seat of Alachua 
County. Population, 1500. The town contains Presbyte- 
rian, Baptist, Methodist and Episcopalian churches, three 
flourishing academies, two newspapers, the Independent, 
republican, and the New Era, conservative, and three 
hotels with good accommodations. The latter are : Oak 
Hall, Colonel Lemuel Wilson, proprietor ; Exchange 
Hotel, P. Shemwell, proprietor; Beville House, Mrs. S. 
P. Beville; board, ^2.00 to ^3.00 per day, or ^25.00 to 
^30.00 per month. There are two livery stables, affording 
ample means for conveyance into the interior and to the 
natural curiosities with which the vicinity abounds. The 
Alachua, a body of water, termed in Florida, a "sink," 
is the recipient of several streams, with a subterranean 
passage to the ocean. It is filled with alligators and all 
kinds of fish, and the surrounding scenery is very charm- 
ing and romantic. In Alachua County there is a large 
and beautiful prairie, twenty miles long and five miles 
wide. The county is the largest in the State, with a pop- 
ulation of 20,000. There are twenty-eight public schools. 
A tri-weekly mail line starts from Gainesville for Tampa 
on the Gulf. Passengers are taken. There is plenty of 
game in the woods. Oranges, lemons, limes, grapes. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA 6i 

bananas and peaches thrive here. Peach trees sometimes 
bear at the age of fifteen months, a thing unknown in any- 
other section of the Union. Garden truck is raised in 
abundance for the Northern markets. Immigrants are 
welcomed. Land from 75 cents to ;^5o.oo per acre. New- 
mansville and Micanopy are important towns in the comity, 
which have stage connections with Gainesville. 

Archer — 113 miles from Fernandina, and 41 miles 
from Cedar Keys. The Suwanee River is distant about 
25 miles. Population, 200. No hotels, but travelers are 
accommodated at the houses of Joseph S. McDonell and 
Mrs. Young. There are three Methodist and one Baptist 
churches. Hereabouts are magnificent pine forests and 
beautiful prairie views. 

Bronson — 122 miles from Fernandina, and 32 miles 
from Cedar Keys. A new place, settled mostly since 
the war. Population about 100. It is the county seat of 
Levy County. There is one church (Methodist), and a 
hotel of limited capacity, the Jackson House, but the fare 
is excellent. Board can be obtained in private families at 
about ^i.oo per day. Twelve miles from the village is an 
inexhaustible bed of iron ore, which has not yet been 
worked. The railroad here passes through some of the 
finest land in the State, the Gulf hummock, adapted for 
the culture of sugar cane, cotton, corn, &c. In the 
neighboring creeks, besides many varieties of fish, there 
are an abundance of soft-shell turtles, which, when prop- 
erly prepared, make a very savory and delicious dish. 

Otter Creek — 135 miles from Fernandina, 19 miles 
from Cedar Keys. 

Paliaaetto — 144 miles from Fernandina, 10 miles 
from Cedar Keys. 

Cedar Keys — 154 miles from Fernandina, 126 miles 
from Jacksonville. The Gulf of Mexico terminus of the 



62 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

Florida Railroad. Regular packet steamers connect here 
with New Orleans, Key West and Havana. Population, 
400. There are two hotels, the Gulf House, fare ;g2.5o, 
and the Exchange, ^3.00 per day. The Suwanee River en- 
ters the Gulf eighteen miks west of Cedar Keys, and the 
Withlacooche, eighteen miles south. The former is 
navigable to Ellaville. Cedar Keys is situated on a fine, 
large bay, which affords excellent facilities for bathing, 
boating and fishing. 

The New Orleans, Florida and Havana Steamship Com- 
pany dispatch one of the steamers of their line every 
Saturday morning for Havana, New Orleans and Key 
West. Passengers desiring to go by these steamers should 
be in Cedar Keys on Friday night. 



This grand water-course of Eastern Florida, has it^ 
source in the springs and swamps of the southern extremity 
of the peninsula, and flowing northward, for a distance of 
four hundred miles, turns abruptly eastward in the neigh^ 
borhood of Jacksonville, and empties into the Atlantic 
Ocean. Its whole course lies through an extremely level 
region. For one hundred and fifty miles it has an average 
width of more than one and a-half miles, and is said to 
carry a volume of water much larger than does the Rio 
Grande, which is one thousand miles long. In some 
places it expands to a width of six miles, nor docs it conv 
tract at any point to less than a r^.ile, below Lake George. 

Many of the tributaries of the St. Johns are navigably 
to quite a distance by steamboats, and it is believed tha) 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 63 

this river and its navigable branches give one thousana miles 
of water transportation. The river scenery is not only- 
beautiful, but to the stranger's eye, has the additional 
charm of novelty. The luxuriance of the tropical vegeta- 
tion, the pretty villages nestling amid magnificent shade 
trees or orange groves along the banks, and the broad, 
placid waters through which the steamer ploughs its way, 
combine to make a picture of surpassing loveliness. 

The banks of the St. Johns are the principal attraction 
to the invalids coming to Florida in search of a balmy 
climate, change of scene and pleasant surroundings. 
Thousands of visitors from the North are scattered among 
its towns and villages every winter. The means of access 
are easy and comfortable. Large steamers ascend as far 
as Palatka, from which smaller steamers continue the tour- 
ist's journey on the St. Johns to Lake Monroe, and on the 
Oclawaha River to Silver Springs, and the interior lake 
country. The regular packets from Jacksonville are the 
Florence, which runs to Palatka, 75 miles and back, every 
day; and the steamers Darlington and Hattie, a semi- 
weekly line to Enterprise, a distance of 205 miles. 
These steamers are commanded by polite and gentlemanly 
officers, and are very well furnished. The local fares on 
Brock's line of steamboats, from Jacksonville to Green 
Cove Springs and intermediate landings, are ;^i.oo ; from 
Jacksonville to landings between Green Cove Springs and 
Palatka, ^2.00. Meals, ;^ i . 00 each extra. From Jackson- 
ville to Mellonville and Enterprise, including meals and 
staterooms, jgg.oo; and from Palatka to Mellonville and 
Enterprise, including meals and staterooms, ^6.00. The 
through trip from Jacksonville to Enterprise, including 
time of stoppages, consumes ^6 hours. 

The following are brief notices of the principal points 
on the river : 



64 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

JacksonTille — County seat of Duval County. 
Telegraph Ofitice. The commercial emporium of East 
Florida, and the largest city on the Atlantic coast of the 
United States south of Savannah; is a place of about 
13,000 inhabitants. It is situated on the western bank of 
the St. Johns river, 25 miles from its mouth. The city is 
regularly incorporated, having a Mayor and Board of 
Aldermen, and is the seat of the United States District 
Court, and of the Federal Customs and Internal Revenue 
Offices. There are twelve churches within its limits: 
Three being Baptist, three Methodist, two Episcopalian, 
tv/o Presbyterian, one Roman Catholic and one Second 
Adventist. Banking facilities are offered at the Banking 
Houses of D. G. Ambler and Denny & Brown, both on 
Bay street. There is a Freedman's Saving Bank situated 
on the corner of Ocean and Bay streets. The leading 
hotels are the St. James, a large and commodious house, 
kept by Wilder & Co.; the Metropolitan, by Bettelini & 
Togni ; the Price House, by A. P. Holbrook; the St. Johns, 
by Mrs. Hudnall ; the Rochester, by J. B. Jamison ; the 
Magnolia, the Ocean, the Stickney and the New England. 
There are besides nearly one hundred boarding houses^ 
many of them first-class and equal to the best hotels for 
comfort and desirableness of location. Price of board 
ranges from ^10.00 to ;^25.oo per week at the hotels. 
Pleasant furnished rooms in private houses can be had for 
from ^4.00 to ;^6.oo per week, which includes lights, fuel 
and attendance ; and board, without rooms, at the hotels, 
is $11.00 per week. It can be obtained for less at the 
boarding houses. Unfurnished cottages can be had from 
$20.00 to $30.00 per month; washing is extra, and costs 
about $1.00 per dozen. 

Jacksonville takes its name from General Andrew Jack- 
son. It is regularly laid out, the streets crossing each 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 65 

other at right angles and being adorned with handsome 
shade trees. Bay street is the principal business thorough- 
fare. On the northwestern side of the city is a picturesque 
bluff, covered with fine residences, called " La Villa." A 
charming view up the river can be obtained here. The 
suburban villages of Riverside, Reed's Landing, South 
Shore and Alexandria are connected with the city by the 
ferryboat Fanny Fern, which makes several trips daily. 
The commerce of Jacksonville is large, the wharves being 
well crowded with shipping, and arrivals and departures 
for all parts of the world being constant. The largest 
business interest is the cutting and shipping of lumber. 
There are a number of large saw mills in the city, and the 
shipments last year aggregated as much as 50,000,000 feet. 
The cotton, sugar, fruit, fish and early vegetable crops of 
.Florida also pass through Jacksonville for distribution at 
the North and at foreign ports. By the Jacksonville, Pen- 
sacola and Mobile Railroad, rapid communication by land 
is had with Savannah and Fernandina in the North, Tal- 
lahassee and St. Marks in the West, and Cedar Keys on 
the Gulf of Mexico in the South. There is telegraphic 
jCommunication with all parts of the United States. Two 
newspapers are printed in Jacksonville, the Courier, con- 
servative, and the Union, republican, both tri-weeklies. 

Mulberry Grave — The first landing-place after 
leaving Jacksonville, 1 2 miles distant, on the west bank. 
A beautiful grove. 

Mandarin — 15 miles from Jacksonville, on the 
east bank, a village of 200 inhabitants, one of the old- 
est settlements on the river; has several stores and two or 
three fine orange groves. This place is of interest to 
Northern visitors as being the winter residence of Mrs. 
Harriet Beecher Stowe. Her house is near the bank, a 
few rods to the left of the shore end of the pier. It is a 



66 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 

moderate-sized cottage of dark brown color. The most 
conspicuous feature of her place are some towering water- 
oaks. She owns about 40 acres of land, three or four of 
which are planted with orange trees. 

SUbemia — 25 miles from Jacksonville, on the west 
bank. This is quite a resort for invalids. Mrs. Fleming 
has a large, commodious house, which will accommodate 
about forty boarders and is one of the first to fill up. 

Magnolia — 28 miles from Jacksonville, on the west 
bank; a beautiful place, with a fine hotel kept by Messrs. 
Rogers and Adams. With the contiguous cottages about 80 
guests can be accommodated. Near by is Magnolia Point, 
one of the highest points of land extending into the river 
between Jacksonville and Palatka. A short distance north 
of Magnolia Point a navigable stream, called Black Creek, 
empties into the St. Johns. Small steamers from Jackson- 
ville make weekly trips up Black Creek as far as Middle- 
burg. Large quantities of lumber are floated down this 
stream to a market. The banks abound with alligators. 

Oreen Cove Springs — 30 miles from Jackson- 
ville, on the west bank ; one of the most popular reports on 
the river. The Union House, kept by Remington and 
Reed, will accommodate comfortably about fifty guests. 
There are other hotels and several good boarding houses. 
Rates at the hotels, ^3.00 per day; at the boarding houses, 
per week, ^10 to ^$15. One of the attractions at this place 
is the Spring, which is held in high esteem for its health- 
giving qualities. The water has a temperature of about 75 
degrees ; is as clear as crystal and has a slight sulphurous 
taste, not unpleasant. Facilities are afforded to both sexes 
for bathing at the Spring. Green Cove promises to be- 
come in time a flourishing and populous village. 

Hogarttl's Wharl^— 35 miles from Jacksonville, 
on the east bank ; a post-office and wood landing. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. . 67 

Picolata — 45 miles from Jacksonville, on the east 
bank. This small settlement is the site of an ancient 
Spanish city, of which scarce one vestige remains. Two 
centuries ago, it was the main depot of supply for the 
Spanish plantations of the up country, and through it, were 
shipped to St. Augustine and abroad, such products as the 
settlers raised. The Franciscan monks erected a splendid 
church here and some religious houses for their order. 
Opposite Picolata, on the western bank, are the remains of 
a great earthwork fort belonging to the Spanish era. 

Tocoi — 53 miles from Jacksonville, on the feast bank. 
The depot of the St. Augustine Railroad. The distance 
to St. Augustine is 15 miles, and trains connecting with 
the river boats run through in 4 hours. 

Federal Point — 6^ miles from Jacksonville, on the 
east bank. Wood station. 

Orang'e Mills — 64 miles from Jacksonville, on the 
east bank. There are several fine orange groves at this 
lar,ding. 

JDancey's Place—es miles from Jacksonville. A 
post-office and orange grove. The plantation of Colonel 
Dancey is here. 

Palatka — 75 miles from Jacksonville, on the west 
bank. The largest town on the St. Johns River after 
leaving Jacksonville. Population, about 1000. It occupies 
an elevated site above <-he river, and extends about half 
a mile along the banks. As Palatka has a thriving back 
country to support it, there are many stores and a flourish- 
ing business doing. A telegraph line is in operation 
at a convenient point, connecting this thriving town 
with all points of the United States. A newspaper is pub- 
lished here. There are two good hotels, the Putnam 
House, kept by Geo. McGinley, late of the Screven 
House, Savannah ; and the St. Johns, by P. & H. Peter- 



€8 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

man. This place is steamboat headquarters for the Upper 
St. Johns and its tributaries. The steamers Florence, 
Darlington and Hattie, en route to Enterprise, lie over 
one night at Palatka, to discharge and receive freight ; 
giving passengers an opportunity to spend a few hours on 
shore if they desire. Steamers run from Palatka to Dunn's 
Lake, and also up the Ocklawaha River to Silver Spring, 
Ocala, and the head of navigation, a distance of i8o 
miles. Opposite to Palatka, on the eastern bank, is a 
handsome orange grove of 500 trees. It is kept in excel- 
lent order and is worth visiting. The St. Johns becomes 
narrower at this point. 

Wclaka — 95 miles from Jacksonville and 20 miles 
from Palatka, on the east bank, is the site first, of an old 
Indian village, and afterwards, of a flourishing Spanish 
settlement. It is near the entrance to Dunn's Lake, and 
also to the Ocklawaha River. The scenery along the 
Ocklawaha is very wild and picturesque, and is much ad- 
mired by tourists. There are some magnificent planta- 
tions on the banks, aiKi large quantities of cotton and 
sugar are raised. Silver Spring is a basin of beautiful, 
clear and deep water. This the site of a Seminole village 
of 600 inhabitants. 

liSlke G-eorg^e — After leaving Welaka, the river 
widens into Little Lake George, four miles wide and seven 
miles long, and then into Big Lake George, one of the 
loveliest sheets of water in the world; twelve miles wide 
and eighteen miles long. It is dotted with pretty islands, 
one of them called Rembert, being seventeen hundred 
acres in extent, and having one of the largest orange 
groves on the river. The banks of Lake George are musi- 
cal with the song and brilliant with the plumage of the 
Southern birds. Flocks of herons, the -white curlew, the 
crane, 'the pelican, the loon and the paroquet may be 
seen. The latter can be bought of the negroes. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 69^ 

Volusia— 5^ miles from Lake George, and 65 miles 
from Palatka, on the east bank; a wood station, AA'ith a 
considerable settlement back from the river. This is the 
site of another ancient Spanish city, wiped, out by the 
wars of the past, so that not a trace remains. It was the 
principal point on the line of travel between St. Augus- 
tine and the Musquito Inlet country. The modern village 
was settled in i8i8. During the Seminole war a fort was 
built here, and from this post General Eustis, in command 
of the left wing of the army, composed mostly of regu- 
lars and drafted three months' men from South Carolina 
and Georgia, set out to cross the country to the Witbla- 
coochee, to join General Scott. After a brief and fruit- 
less campaign of three months, General Scott and his 
army recrossed the river at Volusia on their way to St. Au- 
gustine. 

Means can be had at "Volusia to get to New Smyrna and 
Indian River on the coast; a famous country for the 
hunter. New Smyrna is celebrated as the spot settled by 
Dr. Turnbull and his colony of 1500 Minorcans, in- the 
year 1767. TurnbuU's wife being a native of Smyrna, in 
Asia, the settlement was named New Smyrna. The 
crop cultivated by Turnbull was indigo, of which he 
raised thousands of dollars' worth annually. These col- 
onists not being dealt with according to contract, all 
abandoned the settlement and located in and near St. 
Augustine, where their descendants now reside. The only 
permanent monument left by Turnbull is a large canal, 
draining the swamp that bears his name into the Hillsboro' 
River at New Smyrna. 

Orangre CJrOYC— 10 miles from Lake George. 
Wood landing. 

HawkinsTille— 20 miles from Lake George. Wood 
landing. 



^o GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

Bine iSprin^ — 33 miles from Lake George. Wood 
landing. Near here is one of the largest springs in the 
State. The water boils up from a bottom eighty feet wide, 
and forms a considerable river. The spring is several hun- 
dred yards from the St. Johns, but the stream flowing from 
the spring is large enough, at its confluence at the river, 
for the steamers to float in it. It is a most interesting 
sight to look over the side of the steamer, into the crystal- 
clear water, and observe the every-day life of the shoals of 
fish below, as they flit here and there, seeking a living, 
making love to and war on each other, quite unconscious of 
the lookers-on in the element over their heads. It is a 
capital place for a naturalist to observe the ordinary habits 
of aquatic animals. 

Jflellonville — 125 miles from Palatka, and 200 
miles from Jacksonville ; on the west bank of Lake Mon- 
roe. One of the most important landings on the Upper 
St. Johns. It was formerly the site of Fort Mellon, built 
during the Indian War. There are two hotels here : either 
one of them furnishing fair accommodation, at moderate 
figures. There is a flourishing back country, and 
several stores do a good business. The orange groves 
in the neighborhood are handsome and productive. Lake 
, Monroe, upon which Mellonville is situated, is twelve 
miles long and five miles wide. It is crowded with fish of 
many varieties, and the opportunities for rare sport to the 
angler, are unsurpassed. Wild fowls are likewise abun- 
dant. 

lillterprise — Almost directly opposite Mellonville, 
on the east bank of Lake Monroe; is 130 miles from 
Palatka and 205 miles from Jacksonville, and the head of 
regular steamboat navigation. Here is one of the best 
and most popular hotels on the river, the Brock House ; a 
large comfortable building, capable of entertaining one 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 7' 

hundred guests. It is usually crowded during the winter. 
Attached to it are a billiard saloon and a ten-pin alley. 
The rates for board rank from ;^i5.oo to ;^2o.oo per week, 
according to rooms. The Green Spring, at Old Enter- 
prise, about a mile from the Brock House, is worth a 
visit, as well as the orange groves in the vicinity. The 
Spring is of a delicate green color, and at times transparent. 
It is nearly eighty feet in diameter, and fully one hundred 
feet deep. The waters are sulphurous, and few fish live in 
them. Enterprise is the great headquarters for the sports- 
man. Fishing and hunting expeditions are fitted out here 
for the upper lakes and the Indian River country. Horses 
and bpats are kept on hire, and during the winter a small 
steamboat makes frequent excursions to Lakes Jessup and 
Harney, taking parties who wish to enjoy the ravishing 
scenery and indulge in that novel and exciting sport, 
alligator shooting. The run up to Lake Harney and back, 
can be made in a day. Lake Jessup, which is in the 
neighborhood of Lake Harney, is seventeen miles long by 
five miles wide, and is so shallow, that it cannot be en- 
tered by a boat drawing over three feet of water. The 
St, John's River has its rise in the Everglades, fully 120 
miles further south than Enterprise, but tourists do not 
usually ascend beyond Lake Harney, twelve miles from 
Enterprise. The climate in this locality is perceptibly 
milder than below. The winter resembles very much the 
months of May and June at the North, though without 
their occasional scorching heat. 

The Southern Inland Navigation and Improvement 
Company have contracted to deepen the waters of the 
St. Johns, from Enterprise, as far as Lake Washington. 
This much-needed improvement will give inland commu- 
nication with Indian River, Sand Point, Mosquito Inlet, 
Indian River Inlet, Susannah, Jupiter Inlet, and the capes, 



72 GUIDE TO FLORIDA.. 

and opens up the entire south-east coast of Florida to the 
extremity of the Peninsula. To the tourist in search of 
adventure, this section of the State presents a magnificent 
field. The Indian River is alive with every variety of fish 
that inhabit the Southern waters, and the woods abound 
in game. 



Since the completion of the railroad from St. Augustine 
to Tocoi, on the St. Johns River, access to this picturesque 
and beautiful old Spanish town has been easy, pleasant and 
rapid. The regular packet steamers up the St. Johns 
River leave Jacksonville at eight and nine o'clock a. m., 
daily, Sundays excepted ; and connect at Tocoi (5 7 miles 
from Jacksonville) with the St. Augustine Railroad. The 
train leaves Tocoi at two o'clock p. m., and is due at St. 

Augustine at . The distance between Tocoi and St. 

Augustine is fifteen miles. Through fare from Jack- 
sonville, by the steamers Florence, Darlington and Hattie, 
;^3.oo. Meals and staterooms, ;^i.oo extra. 

St. Augustine, the most ancient town in North America, 
is situated on a peninsula nearly surrounded by the St. 
Sebastian River and St. Augustine Bay. The population 
is 3500 souls, mostly of Spanish and Minorcan descent. 
Across the Bay is Anastasia Island. The town was 
founded by Menendez, the Spanish Governor of Florida, 
in 1565, which was forty-three years before the settlement 
of Jamestown, in Virginia, and fifty-five years before the 
landing of the Pilgrims on Plymouth Rock. St. Augus- 
tine has had an eventful history. First, it was laid waste 
by the French, under De Gourgues ; in 1580, it was 
attacked and plundered by the English, under Sir Francis 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 73 

Drake. In 161 1, it was pillaged by the Indians. In 1665^ 
the English buccaneer, Davis, sacked it, after the inhabi- 
tants had taken refuge in the fort. In 1702, Governor 
Moore, of the English Colony of South Carolina, invaded 
Florida, and attacked the city, but was baffled by the fort. 
In 1 71 2, the inhabitants suffered from a famine in conse" 
quence of the non-arrival of supply ships from Spain. In 
1725, the Georgians, under Colonel Palmer, were beaten 
off. In 1740, General Oglethorpe, the Governor of Geor- 
gia, laid regular siege to the place, planting his batteries 
on Anastasia Island and bombarding the fort for thirty-eight 
days. He failed to force the Spaniards to surrender, and 
retired. The city passed into British possession, by 
treaty, in 1763, and held a British garrison during our 
Revolutionary war. In 1784, it was re-ceded to Spain, 
and in 181 9 transferred to the United States. During the 
late war between the States, it changed masters three 
times. 

The following is a brief summary of the principal 
places of business and of interest to visitors in St. 
Augustine. 

Hotels. — The St. Augustine Hotel, which has just 
been finished, is a large, commodious building, and has 
first rate accommodations (see advertisement, page 22), 
Florida House, Magnolia House (see advertisement), and 
a number of good boarding houses. St. Augustine has 
telegraphic communication with Jacksonville. 

Old TOWBI "Wall— Built by the Spaniards two 
centuries ago. It protected the town on its northern side, 
and extended across the peninsula from shore to shore. 
The gateway of the old wall still stands, and is a pictur- 



74 



GUIDE TO Florida. 



esque and imposing ruin, with ornamented lofty towers 
■and loop-holed sentry-boxes. The ditch is clearly 
marked. 

Fort inarion — The old Spanish fort once called 
San Juan. It was begun in 1620, and built principally by 
the forced labor of Indian slaves who toiled on it for one 
hundred years. It stands on the sea front, at the upper 




OuperBroa. 



Interior of Fort Marion. 



end of the town, and its material is almost wholly the 
Coquina rock, quarried on Anastasia Island. " Its castel- 
lated battlements," says Rev. Mr. Trumbull, "its formid- 
able bastions with their frowning guns, its lofty and im- 
posing sally-port surmounted by the Spanish arms, its port- 
cullis, moat, drawbridge, its circular and ornate sentry- 
boxes, its commanding outlook tower, and its stained and 
moss-grown massive walls — impress the external observer 



GUIDE TO FLORID^.. 75 

as a relic of the distant past ; while a ramble through its 
heavy casemates, its cfrumbling Roman chapel, with elab- 
orate portico and inner altar and holy-water niches, its 
dark passages, gloomy vaults, and more recently-discovered 
dungeons, bring you ready credence of its many tradi- 
tions of inquisitorial tortures." A visit to the fort by 
moonlight also is recommended. 

Cathedral. — The old Catholic cathedral, with its 
quaint Moorish belfry, its chime of four bells in separate 
niches, and its clock, together forming a cross, and its 
antique interior, is one of the most interesting objects in 
St. Augustine. The oldest of the bells is marked 1682. 

Other Churches. — The Episcopalians have a neat 
chapel on the Plaza. There are also Methodist, Baptist 
and Presbyterian churches in the city. 

The Plaza. — ^A fine public square in the centre of 
the city is called the ''Plaza de la Constitution. On it 
stand the ancient markets, and it is faced by the cathe- 
dral, the old palace, the convent, and the Episcopal church. 
In the middle is a monument erected in honor of the 
Spanish Liberal Constitution. Effigies of John Hancock 
and Samuel Adams were burned on this spot by the British 
troops early in the Revolution. The Plaza is a very 
pleasant resort for idlers, who will find a firm, green turf 
for lounging, benches and shade trees. The visit by 
moonlight is enchanting. 

The Palace, or old Government house of the Span- 
ish era, on the Plaza, is now used as the post-office and 
United States Court Rooms. 

Barracks — occupied by United States troops, said 
to have once been a monastery or convent. 



76 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

Convents. — Theie are two, the old Spanish convent 
of St. Mary's, an interesting building, and the new con^ 
vent, a tasteful edifice built of Coquina. 

Cemeteries. — The old Huguenot burying-ground is 
a place of much interest In the military burying-ground, 
under three pyramids of Coquina, stuccoed and whitened, 
are the ashes of Major Dade and 107 men of his command, 
who were massacred by Osceola and his band. 

Sea-Wall. — A fine sea-wall of nearly a mile in 
length, built of Coquina, with a coping of granite, pro- 
tects the entire bay front of the city, and affords a de- 
lightful promenade on a moonlight evening. In full view 
of this is the old light-house on Anastasia Island, built 
more than a century ago, and now surmounted by a fine 
revolving lantern. 

The Bay and Anastasia Island. — Boating 
on the bay is a favorite amusement on moonlight nights. 
The sail by day across the bay to Anastasia Island is 
charming. Beautiful shells of all descriptions may be 
gathered on the beach, and sea-mosses and lichens may be 
collected for albums. 

Streets. — They are nearly all quite narrow ; one, 
which is nearly a mile long, being but fifteen feet wide. 
Many of the houses, with high roof and dormer windows, 
have hanging balconies along their second stories, which 
seem almost to touch each other across the narrow street. 
There are a number of fine modern residences in the city, 
and the gardens and orange trees are worth seeing. 

St. Aii§:ustine by Iffooniight.— The Hon. 

Mrs. Yelverton writes: "Moonlight nights are the 
glory of St. Augustine. So bright and cool, and soft and 
balmy, few can resist the enjoyableness of a stroll, or the 
dreamy bliss of sitting out on the veranda listening to the 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 77 

echoes of the band, or the tinkling of some distant guitar, 
dreaming over all the happiness we know ; past, present 
or to come." 



The country west of the Apalachicola River has not yet 
been brought into railroad communication with the other 
parts of the State. Its comparative isolation was the 
cause of the recent movement in favor of annexing it to 
Alabama. The extension of lines of the Jacksonville, 
Pensacola and the Mobile Railroad, will soon remove any 
feeling of discontent which may exist in Western Florida. 
The following are the principal cities and towns in this 
section of the State. 

Apalachicola. — This city was formerly the seat of 
a very considerable trade. It was the shipping port for 
that rich cotton-growing region lying on the Chatta- 
hoochie and Flint Rivers, which empty into the Apalachi- 
cola River, and thus into Apalachicola Bay. The Chatta- 
hoochee is navigable as far up as Columbus, Georgia ; a 
distance of 367 miles. The building of numerous rail- 
roads in lower Georgia and Alabama, which tapped the 
river line, diverted trade from this old city to Mobile and 
Savannah. The population has decreased, but it still can 
boast about 1000 inhabitants. Owing to its fine site there 
is no reason why, with capital and energy, its former pros- 
perity should not be revived. 

Jflarianna. — County seat of Jackson County. This 
town is situated on the Chipola River, an affluent of the 
Apalachicola, and navigable at certain seasons by small 
craft to Marianna. The business of this town is ordina- 
rily done through Bellevue and Neal's Landing, about iS 
miles distant, on the Chattahoochee. 



78 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 

The extension of the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile 
Railroad will pass through Marianna, and must very much 
increase its prosperity, already ensured by the fertility of 
the adjacent country. 

Pensacola — The principal city of Western Florida. 
Population, 2,000. It is situated on Pensacola Bay, and 
is enjoying a lucrative and growing trade. At the entrance 
of the bay lies Santa Rosa Island, upon which is built Fort 
Pickens, the scene of one of the most famous sieges of the 
earlier years of the late war between the States. The city 
was laid out by the English in 1763. Pensacola may be 
reached from Jacksonville and Eastern Florida by means 
of the railroad to St. Marks on the Gulf, and regular packet 
steamer from St. Marks to Pensacola Bay. The Pensacola 
and Loiiisville Railroad connects at Pollard with the 
Mobile and Montgomery Railroad. 

The following observations upon the future of Pensacola 
are taken from a pamphlet issued by the " New City Com- 
pany:" 

"The City of Pensacola has natural advantages which 
destine it to become, by rapid strides, the Chicago of the 
South. It is situated on the north coast of the Gulf of 
Mexico, in latitude 30 deg. 28 m. north, and longitude 87 
deg. 22 m. west of Greenwich, only ten miles from the 
open sea. Its thoroughly land-locked harbor covers an 
area of over two hundred square miles, being about thirty 
miles long, and from five to eight miles in width, having 
unsurpassed anchorage, and a depth of from thirty to thir- 
ty-five feet. The entrance to the harbor is about half a 
mile wide, with an average depth on the har o{ twenty -four 
feet. The same depth is readily secured at the wharfage 
line of the city. A laden ship of largest tonnage can ap- 
proach the city at any time in the year, or leaving its 
wharves can be in the open sea in an hour-and-a-half. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 79 

"The rapid development of the iron mines of Ala- 
bama, whose natural outlet to the markets of the world is 
the port of Pensacola, will not only contribute a consid- 
erable quota to the commerce of this port, but will, in 
connection wifli the Florida forests, furnish superior mate- 
rial for ship-building, which, at no distant day, must rival 
in extent the similar industry of northern ports ; the prox- 
imity and cheapness of all material required giving build- 
ers in this locality peculiar advantages." 



Southern or Tropical Florida is, properly speaking, that 
part of the State lying south of latitude 28 deg. north. It 
comprises an area of 20,000 square miles, and has a pop- 
ulation of about 9,000 inhabitants. About half of this 
population reside on the Island of Key West and the 
neighboring Keys and islands extending into the Gulf of 
Mexico, and are engaged in the business of wrecking and 
fishing. The raising of cattle upon the main-land is the 
all-absorbing business of the inhabitants, who reside from 
30 to 40 miles apart, and allow the cattle to graze on the 
public domain. The herds are immense ; in Manatee 
County alone, there are 100,000 head of cattle. 

The main-land is level and divided into hummocks, pine 
openings and prairies. The hummocks are very rich, and 
are covered over with a dense growth of timber ; consist- 
ing of live oak, water oaks, magnolia, bay, etc. The soil 
is sandy. The pine openings are covered with scattering 
pines and a grass which affords fine pasturage. The prairie 
lands occupy the interior portion of the State, bordering 
upon the Kissimee River, the head waters of the St. Johns, 
and the upper Caloosahatchee. They are dotted over with 



8o GUIDE TO FLORIDA 

small clumps of hummocks, containing from one to five 
acres each, which give beauty and variety to the scenery, 
and afford shelter during the heat of the day to innumer- 
able herds of deer and cattle. There are also numerous 
small lakes of pure water, filled with fish, 'some of which 
are only a few rods in extent, while others are from two to 
ten miles in length. These prairies are the paradise of 
the herdsmen and the hunters. 

This section of Florida is capable of producing all the 
different products of the West Indies. There is a constant 
sea-breeze off the Gulf Stream, commencing about eight 
o'clock, A. M., and lasting until nearly sundown. The 
climate is very exhilarating. The thermometer averages, 
the year round, 73 deg. and the extremes are 5 7 deg. and 
92 deg. 

A railroad is projected from Jacksonville, along the 
St. John's River into Southern Florida. At present, the 
means of getting to the harbors, on the extreme southern 
coast, are by sailing vessels from Jacksonville, Key West 
and New Orleans, or overland, by the mail carrier's con- 
veyances .from Gainesville on the Florida Railroad, and 
Enterprise on the Upper St. John's River. 

The following are some of the most notable places in 
Southern Florida: — 

Tampa Bay — On the western coast, is a noble har- 
bor for the largest vessels, and is about 40 miles long. 
Towards the interior it divides into two branches, called 
Little Tampa and Hillsborough Bay. It is dotted with 
small islands, the pleasantest of which is Egmont. In the 
waters of Tampa Bay enormous quantities of fish, and tur- 
tles may be found. In shoal places the fish are so numer- 
ous that they impede the passage of boats. Sea fowl are 
exceedingly numerous ; the beautiful flamingoes, in partic- 
ular, appear in long files drawn up on the beach, like 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA 8i 

bands of soldiers in red uniforms. The village of Tampa 
has regular mail communication with Gainesville, and 
passengers avail themselves of the mail wagon for transit. 
A railroad is projected to Waldo, on the Cedar Keys and 
Fernandina Railroad; when it is completed, Tampa will 
become one of the most important ports on the Gulf. 

ChsiFlotlc Harbor, or Boca Grande, on the west- 
ern coast, south of Tampa Bay. It is about 25 miles long, 
and eight to ten miles wide, and is sheltered from the sea 
by several islands. The entrance between Boca Grande 
Key and Gasperillo is six fathoms deep and three-quarters 
of a mile wide. 

The fisheries in and around Charlotte Harbor are very 
valuable, and may be made more so. Probably a thousand 
persons could find profitable employment. The fish are 
caught with seines. The finest oysters on the coast are 
gathered here. 

Alpativkee l^wamp, upon the head waters of 
the St. Lucie River, is the only swamp of any magnitude 
in Tropical Florida. 

Indian IS, Ives* is a vast lagoon along the Atlantic 
coast of Florida, extending a distance of nearly 100 miles. 
In some places it is four miles wide, and in others, not 
more than fifty yards wide. The Indian River country is 
filled with game, and is a celebrated resort of the sportsman. 

liaL'C Okee-Cho-bee — A large, wild, solitary lake, 
near the everglades. Its length is twenty miles. 

Tlie Everglades — Situated almost in the southern 
extremity of the peninsula, is a vast shallow lake, over- 
grown with grass, pond lilies and other aquatic plants, in- 
terspersed vWth innumerable small islands, of from one to 
one hundred acres each. These islands are principally 
hummock lands, covered over with a growth of live and 
water-oaks and cocoa plums, with an undergrowth of 



82 1:;U1DE TO FLORIDA. 

morning-glories, grapes and other vines, and are extremely 
fertile. The water is from four inches to four feet deep, 
and is very clear and pure. In many places are channels 
and sinks where the water is from ten to fifty feet deep; 
these holes are well supplied with fish, of which the trout 
is the most desirable. Alligators and turtle are abundant, 
and panthers, wild-cats, and bears are quite numerous. 

Flowers of the sweetest fragance, and of every hue and 
color, greet the eye. The border and outer margin of the 
Everglades is prairie, of from one-fourth to one mile in 
breadth, and comprises some of the finest and richest land 
in America, having once been a portion of the Everglades, 
and formed by the receding of the waters. During the 
Indian war the Everglades were the last retreat of the Semi- 
noles, and it was with the utmost difficulty that the gov- 
ernment dislodged them, so well adapted were the almost 
hidden islands for defence and concealment. 

Biscayne Bay — At the end of the peninsula, and 
emptying into Barnes' Sound and Florida Bay, is an ex- 
cellent harbor for all vessels drawing less than ten feet of 
water. It can be entered at all times. Great quantities of 
turtle and sponges of the finest variety are secured here. 
The sponges and turtle taken from these waters are valued 
at ;^ 1 00,000 per annum. Lieutenant Governor Gleason 
says of the Biscayne Bay country : '' The pure water, the 
chalybeate and other mineral springs, the magnificent 
beauty of its scenery, the salubrity and equability of its 
climate, must make Biscayne Bay, at no distant day, the 
resort of the invalid, the tourist, and the lover of adven- 
ture." 

The Keys. — These are a series of islands, extending 
along the south coast, from Cape Florida to the Dry Tor- 
tugas, lying between the main-land and the Florida Reefs, 
and within three to five miles of the Gulf Stream. They 



GUIDE TO FLORfDA. 83 

are of uniform character, being of coral formation and 
very rocky. Some are only a few acres in extent, while 
others contain as many as 15,000 acres. Cayo Largo is 
the largest. These Keys are only a few feet above tide- 
water, and are mostly covered with a growth of hard- 
wood timber. The land is too rocky to admit of general 
cultivation. 

Key West — (The city and port of.) Telegraph 
Office. Is situated on the island of the same name, which 
is seven miles long and one-and-a-half wide. It is eleven 
feet above the sea level. The population of the city is 
about 10000. It has a large trade in sponges, turtles and 
fruits, and is a place of some manufacturing importance. 
There are twelve or fifteen cigar factories, making in the 
aggregate thirty to thirty-five thousand of the best Havana 
cigars per diem. There is also a manufactory in successful 
operation, for canning the pineapple — the only one in the 
United States. From five to eight thousand cans are put 
up daily. Key West has five churches and the usual pub- 
lic buildings. The United States Admiralty Court sits 
here. Two newspapers are published, the Dispatch, dem- 
ocratic, and the Guardian, republican. There are a few 
lakes on the island, and several beautiful drives. The 
land is covered in mid-winter with' the greenest of foliage, 
and tropical flowers grow in profusion. The climate 
hereabouts is mild and agreeable, the thermometer ranging 
from 79 to 86 degrees in summer, and 48 to 60 degrees in 
winter. The island is much visited by invalids. Constant 
communication is had with New York, New Orleans, 
Havana, Galveston and Cedar Keys by packet steamers. 
The passage to Havana occupies but a few hours. The 
New Orleans, Cedar Keys and Havana steamers afford 
weekly connection with all points in Upper and Middle 
Florida, by means of the Florida Railroad. The principal 



84- GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

hotel in Key West is the Russell House, which takes per- 
manent guests at ^15.00 per week. Board can be obtained ' 
in numerous private families at reasonable rates. 

The Dry Tortugas islands, at the extreme end of 
the Florida Keys, and extending some distance into the 
Gulf of Mexico. They were used as a penal place for 
Confederate prisoners during the late war, and several of 
the Lincoln conspirators were confined there. They are 
forlorn, barren rocks, defended by fortifications, and 
ornamented (?) with a light house. 



INDEX 



PAGE. 

Alachua Sink 60 

Albany, Ga 49 

Alexandria 65 

Alligator Shoo ting 23-71 

Altamaha River 4I 

Alpativkee Swamp 81 

Anastasia Island 73 

Ancient Florida 23-67-69 

Apalachicola 77 

Archer 61 

Area of Florida 7 

Argyle 42 

Atlantic and Gulf Railroad.... 37 
Ancilla..,, 52 

Baconton 49 

Baldwin 55~58 

Bainbridge 46 

Bissayne Bay 82 

Bishop ot Florida, P. E 57 

Blackshear 42 

Blue Spring, (Albany, Ga )... 49 

Biue Spring, (St. John's Riv.) 70 

Bonaventure Cemetery 34 

Boston, Ga 45 

Brock's Steamer Line 63 

Bronson 61 

Brunswick, Ga 41 

Cairo 46 

Callahan eg 

Camilla 48 

Cathedral, St. Augustine 75 

Cedar Keys 61 

Cession of Florida to U. S. ... 5 

Chaires 51 

Chalybeate Spring 54 



FAGB. 

Charleston, S. C 3I 

History 31 

Harbor 31 

Hotels 31 

Streets 32 

Public Buildings 32 

Places worth Visiting. . 32 

Charlotte Harbor 81 

Chipola Big Spring 8 

Civil War 6-31-34 

Climate of Florida lo' 

Climax 46 

Consumptives, Florida for... 25-26 

Coosawhatchie 50 

Cotton 12-29-47-51 

Dancey's Place 67 

Darlington, Steamer 63 

Devil's Hopper 41; 

Dixie 45 

Doctortown 41 

Dungeness Estate 58 

Dumi's Lake 68 

Dry Tortugas 84 

Early Vegetable Trade 12-57 

Ellaville 53 

Enterprise 70 

Everglades 81 

Federal Point 67 

Fernandina 56 

Fevers 27 

Finegan, General 6-54 

Fishing in Florida 20 

Fleming 40 

Florida Railroad 56 



86 



INDEX. 



PAGE. 

Forrest Station, 47 

Forsyth Park 34 

Fort McAllister 39 

Fort Marion 74 

Fort Pulaski 34 

Gainesville 60 

Geography of Florida ^ 

Geological Formation 8 

Glenmore 42 

Goodman $2 

Government, present State.... 14 
Great Southern Mail Route... 16 

Green Cove Springs 66 

Greene, Genl. Nathaniel, Es- 
tate of. 58 

Green Spring 71 

Hardaway 49 

Hart's Road 58 

flattie, Steamer 63 

Hawkinsville 69 

.Havana Steamers 62-83 

Hibemia 66 

Historic Sketch 3 

Hogarth's Wharf. 66 

Homersville 43 

Hotel Business in Florida 30 

Houses, Cost of Building 29 

How to get to Florida 16 

Huguenots in Florida 4 

Hunting in Florida. .20-23-71-80 

Immigrants, Florida foT 28 

Indian River 69-72-79 

Tnvalids, Florida for 25 

Jacksonville 55~64 

Jacksonville, Pensacola and 

Mobile Railroad 5° 

Jasper 47 

Jesup 41 

Johnston 4° 

Keys, the Florida... 82 

Key West 83 

Lake City 54 

Lake George 68 

Lak2 Il.^.iey 7^ 



PAGE. 

Lake Jessup 71 

Lake Monroe 70 

Lake Rachel 52 

Lands, Cheap 28 

Lands, Price of. 29 

La Villa 65 

Lawton 43-47 

Lee, General 58 

Leon County 51 

Live Oak 48-53 

Little Lake George 68 

Lloyd's 51 

Lovick Pierce College 45 

Lumber Business i3-3'>-57 

Madison 52 

Malaria in Florida 26 i 

Mandarin 65 \ 

Marianna 77 

Mcintosh 40 

Mellonville 70 

Micanopy 61 

Miccosukie $2 

Midway. 5^ 

Miller's Station 39 

Mobile Steamers 62 

Monticello $2 

Monuments 34 

Mosquitoes 3° 

Mulberry Grove 65 

Naylor 43 

Newmansville... 61 

New Orleans Steamers 62 

New Smyrna 69 

Northern Florida 50 

Northern Settlers 15 

Ocklawaha River 68 

Okafonokee Swamp_. 4^-43 

Okeechobee 81 

Okloknee .- 48 

Olustee, Battle of 6-54 

Olustee Station 54 j 

Orange Grove 69 ] 

Orange Mills 67 ' 

Orange Raising 29 

Otter Creek 61 

Ousley 44 



INDEX. 



87 



PAGE. 

Palatka 67 

Palmetto 61 

Patterson 42 

Pelham 48 

Pensacola S~7^ 

Picolata 67 

Pleasure Seekers, Florida for 20 

Political Parties 14 

Population 13 

Quincy - 5*^ 

Quitman 44 

Rachel, Lake 52 

Rain in Florida 10 

Rattlesnakes 30 

Rembrandt Island 68 

Riverside 65 

Sanderson ,. 55 

Santa Fe Lake 59 

Savannah, Ga 33 

Hotels 33 

Monuments 34 

Theatre 36 

Scott, General 69 

Screven 41 

Scuppernong Grapes $0 

Sea Routes to Florida 17-18 

Seminolre War 6 

Seymour's Defeat 6-54 

Silver Spring 8-68 

Snakes 30 

Southern Florida 79 

Springs . 8-44-48-53-54-66-70-7 1 

Starke 59 

Statenville 47 

St Augustine S-23-72 

Hotels 73 

St. John's River 62 

St. Marks 55 

Stockton 43 



PAGE, 

Stovsre, Mrs. H. Beecher 65 

Sunbury Fort 40 

Sulphur Springs (Suvi^anee) 48 

Sulphur Springs (Withlacoo- 

chee) 44 

Suwanee Station 48 

Suwanee Spa 8 

Swedish Colony 51 

Swriss Colony 46 

Tallahassee 51 

Tampa Bay 80 

Tebeauville 42 

Thermometer, Range of 10 

Thomasville 45-48 

Thunderbolt 34 

Timber 13-30 

Tocoi 67 

Trail Ridge 59 

Turnbull 69 

UpperWhiteSulphur Spr'gs. . 47-48 

Valdosta 43 

Vegetable Trade ,,.. 12 

Volusia. 69 

Wakulla River 8 

Waldo eg 

Walthomville 40 

Way's Station 39 

Welaka 68 

Wellborn 53 

Western Florida ; 77 

Whigham „.. 46 

White House 55 

Wh:te Sulphur Springs 53 

Whitefield's Orphan House.... 36 
Wine Culture 50 

Yelverton, Mrs 76 



a? UK 



^^C 



ST. G-EORGE STREET, 




W. W, PALMEIi, Proprietor. 

(Late HOUGHTO^f & PALMEK.) 

This favorite Hotel lias been completely renovated, internally and 
externally, and now presents unsurpassed accommodations for 

TOURISTS AND INVALIDS. 

Single rooms and family apartments, en suite. 
The cuisine is in every respect unexc_::'.ic-r)?ible. 
The Magnolia staiids upon the highest grouad '-'. '.hi city and ccii^- 
mands a f.ne view of the ocean. 



Baltimore & Savannah Steamship Line 




CONNECTING CLOSELY AT 



sayan:^^ah, ga., 

With the ATLANTIC AND GULF RAILROAD for all points in 



and with Central Railroad and Atlantic and Gulf, to aU points in the South and 
Southwest. 

The Line is composed of the following Staunch, First-class Steamships, well 
fitted up for passcDgers. 

1,000 Tons, 1,000 Tons, 

^YORTn POIJfTt 

1,000 Tons. 



RATES OF PASSAGE, 

Including Meals and Staterooms on Steamers between Baltimore and Savannah. 
SAVA^f^fAH. $20.00. 



Jacksonville. Fla. . $27 75 

Fernandina, Fla 27 75 

Picolata, Fla 29 25 

Green Cove Springs 29 25 

Hibernia, Fla 29 25 

Orange Mills, Fla 30 25 

Monticello, Fla 31 25 

Quincy, Fla 32 SO 

Atlanta, Ga 27 50 

Albany, Ga 81 50 

Selma, Ala 35 00 

Mobile.Ala 41 00 

New Orleans, La 47 50 



St. Augustine, Fla $31 26 

Palatka, Fla 30 25 

Enterprise, Fla 36 25 

Gainesville, Fla 30 25 

Lake City, Fla 30 25 

Madison, Fla 30 25 

Tallahassee, Fla 31 25 

Macou, Ga 27 00 

Eiifaula, Ala 32 00 

Montgomery, Ala 35 00 

Chattanooga, Tenn 30 00 

Rome, Ga 32 25 

Atlanta 27 50 



JAMES B. ANDREWS, Agent, 
JAS. B. V/EST & CO., 73 Smith's Wharf, 



Agents, Savannah, Ca, 



BALTIMORE. 



Jill Points in Florida, The South and South- West. 



Hew York and Savannali SteamsMp Line 




Making close connections with the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad to all points in 
Florida, and via Central R. R. and Atlantic and Gulf R. R., to all points in 

GEORGIA, ALABAMA, MISSISSIPPI, TENNESSEE and LOUISIANA. 

The passenger accommodations of these Steamers are not surpassed by any 
Line out of New York. 

FOUR STEAMERS PER WEEK. 

TUESDAYS, THURSDAYS and SATURDAYS 

PASSAGE RATES, includisg Meals and Staterooms on Steamere, 
between New York and Savannah. 

SAVANNAH. $20.00. 

St. Aug-ustine, Fla $31 25 

Palatka, Fla 30 25 

Enterprise, Fla 36 25 



Jacksonville, Fla $2T 75 

Femandina, Fla 27 75 

Picolata, Fla 29 25 

Green Cove Springs 29 25 

Hibernia, Fla 29 25 

Orange Mills, Fla 30 25 

Monticello, Fla SO 50 

Quincy, Fla 31 50 

Atlanta, Ga 27 50 

Albany, Ga 31 50 

Selma,Ala 35 00 

Mobile,Ala 41 00 

New Orleans, La 47 50 



Gainesville, Fla 30 25 

Lake City, Fla 30 25 

Madison, Fla 30 25 

Tallahassee, Fla 30 75 

Macon, Ga 28 75 

Eufaula, Ala 32 00 

Montgomery, Ala 35 00 

Chattanooga, Tenn 30 00 

Rome,Ga 32 25 

Atlanta 27 50 



Every TUESDAY, from Pier 16, E.R. 

foot of Wall St. 

MURRAY'S LINE. 

x. DE o I -vmoo 

Murray, Ferris & Co., Agents, 
61 & 62 South St. 

Every THURSDAY, Pier 8, N. R. 
EMPIRE LINE. 

H. Liying'ston | Gen. Barnes 

Wm. R. Garrison, Agent, 
■ No. 5 Bowling Green. 



Every SATURDAY, from Pier 8, 

North River. 

EMPIRE LINE. 

San Salvador I San Jacinto 

Wm. R. Garrison, Agent, 

No. 5 Bowling Green. 

Every SATURDAY, Pier 13, N. R. 
BLACK STAR LINE. 

HnntsTille | Montgomery 

R. Lowden, Agent, 

No. 93 West Street. 



CEO. YONCE, Agent, 

Centl R.E. of Georgia, 409 Broadway. 



C. D. OWENS, Agent, 

Atlantic & Gulf R.R., 229 Broadway. 



The Atlantic & Gulf 

FREIGKT AND PASSENGEE LINE 

VIA SAVANNAH, GA., TO ALL POINTS IN 

FLORDIA, Southern and Middle Georgia, 

Flint, Apalachicola and Ohattalioocliee Elvers, 

Fast Freight Express, via Savannah Steamships, to Savannah, 

Ga., and Atlantic & Gulf; Macon & Brunswick; Jack- 

sonviUe, Pensacola & Mobile Bail Boads, 

AND CONNECTING LINES. 
PULLMAN'S PALACE SLEEPING CARS ON ALL NIGHT TRAINS. 

TWO TRAINS DAILY FROM SAVANNAH 

to JACKSONVILLE, connecting with Steamers on ST. JOHN'S RIVER, lor 

St. Augustinu, Palatka, Green Cove Springs, Hibemia, Orange 

Mills, Enterprise, etc., etc. 

Shippers are requested to mark all Packages — " Care of ATLANTIC AND 
GULP R. R. Agent, SAVANNAH, Ga," and to so state it on Ship's Receipt and 
Bill of Lading. 

Freight Received and Through Bills of Lading issued by Agents of the Li_ie as 
follows : 

BOSTON TO SAVANNAH, GA. 

DIRECT— The Steamers SEMINOLE and ORIENTAL leave on the li.ith, 20th 
and 30th of each month. F. NICKERSON & CO., Agents, 205 State St., Boston. 

BOSTON via NEW YORK TO SAVANNAH, GA, 

Ship daily via BOSTON AND PROVIDENCE R. R. and PROVIDENCE AND 
NEW YOltK STEAMSHIP CO. 

GEO. C. MORRILL, Agent, 77 Washington St., Boston. 

NEW YORK TO SAVANNAH, GA. 

POUB DEPAKTUKES PEK ^t'BEK. 

MURRAY, FERRIS & CO— Ships Leo and Virgo, Sailing Tuesdays, from Pier 
16 East River. Office, Nos. 61 and 62 South Street. 

WM. R. GARRISON — Ships San Salvadf)r, San Jacinto, Herman Livingston, 
and General Barnes, Sailing Thursdays and Saturdays, from Pier 43 North 
River. Office, No. 5 Bowling Green. 

R. LC)WDEN— Ships Huntsville and Montgomery, Sailing Saturdays from 
Pier 13 East River. Office, No. 93 West St. Returning, leave Savannah same 
days. 

PHILADELPHIA TO SAVANNAH. GA. 

The PHILADELPHIA AND SOUTHERN MAIL STEAMSHIP CO. despatch 
one (if their Steamers, Wyoming or Tonawanda, every Saturday. Returning, 
leave Savannah same day. W. L. JAMES, Agent, 237 Dock St., Phila. 

BALTIMORE TO SAVANNAH, GA. 

The AMERICA, SARAGOSSA AND NORTH POINT, leave on 10th, 20th 
and 80 of each month. JAS. B. ANDREWS, Agt., Flanigan's Wharf, Baltimore 

Information given, and Tickets sold by rail or steamship, to all points in 
Florida, in connection with the "Atlantic and Gulf Railway." C. D. OWENS, 
Genl. Agent, 229 Broadway, comer of Barclay Street, New York. 



^i'l'm^ 




DANVILLE 

"■a EAILP.OAD LFNE 



The Popular Koute to Aiken, Savannah, tTacJcsonville, and all points in 



M'M&MIM, 



^ 9 



la via Richmond, Cfreenboro and Charlotte, it being 4=5 miles Shorter than 
any other route, 

"Via Coliiml>ia, Aizg-nsta, «fcc. 

invalids, Tourists and Pleasure Seekers will always fird the Connec- 
tions Close and Keliable, with no Omnibus Transfers, or 
confused night changes of Cars. 

Passengers by this route have Parlor or Sleeping Cars from New Tork to 
Washington without change, and Sleeping Cars from Baltimore to Kichmond 
without change at Washington, (all rail), from Richmond to Charlotte, 2Sa 
miles without change, and from Charlotte to New Orleans without change. 
This route runs through an undnlatiiig country its entire distance, with pure 
water, beautiful scenery, and good hotels at proper intervals. 

Two Daily Trains witli Pnllfflan's SleeDiflg Cars on all NigM Trains. 

rw Through Tickets can be purchased at General Eastern Office, No. 9 Astor 

House, N. Y., and all principal points North and East. For latest 

Time Tables see Circulara of Piedmont Am Line. 

C-AlTTrOiV.— See that your Tickets read via RICHMOND, GREENCORO 
and CHARLOTTE. 

C. TINGLING, S. E. ALLEN, 

Eastern Pass. Ag't, 9 Astor House, N.Y. Oen'l Ticket Ag't, Greeuboro, N.C. 



1874. THE OtiD RELIABLE 1874. 

BROCZ'S LINE S STEAMERS 

RUNNING BETWEEN 

JACKSONVILLE AND ENTERPRISE, 

ox THB 

ST. JOHNS mVER, FLOI^IDA. 



ON ARRIVAL OF TRAINS FI103I THE NORTH. 

THE NEW AND ELEGANT PASSENGER STEAMER 



Leaves JACKSONVIIiliE daily (except Sundays) for PAIiATKA 
and all INTERMEDLITE POINTS, aud connecting with Steamers for 
ErMTERPBlSE, CliAY SPRINGS, SAL.T LAKE, DUNN'S 
L.AK.E, and points on tlie ©CKIiAWAHA RIVEIS.. At TOCOI 

with ST. JOHNS RAILROAD for ST. AUGUSTINE, and return- 
ing to Jacksonville same evening in time to connect yfixh all Northern 
Trains. 

THE FAVORITE STEAMERS 

" DARLINGTON'' ^and '^HATTIE" 

Leave JACKSONVIUUE on TUESDAYS and SATUEDAYS at 8.00 
A. M., RUNNING THROUGH TO ENTERPRISE, and stopping at all 
principal points on the River. 

THE OLD REPUTATION OF THIS POPULAR LINE WILL BE FULLY SUSTAINED, 
AND EVERY COMFORT GUARANTEED TO ITS PATRONS. 

ISJtOTTGB TICKETS to all Foints KOItTB and, WEST, and 

also for ST. A.TJGXrSTIXE, ENTERVRISE, and all 

points on the Jtiver, can be had on ajtplication 

to the JPVIiSEJt on board the Soat, 



JACOB BROCK. 



H. A. TOPHAM, 

S9 & 31 Fulton St., New York, 

(opposite united states hotel,) 
Formerly of H, A. TOPHAM & CO., Savannah, 6a. 

FINE CI/OTHIN©} 



READY MADE TO ORDER. 



MEH'S ri0^E.iriSMI¥O GOODS. 



A Practical Book, one that Architects, Builders and Carpenters cannot afford 
to be without, entitled 

Detail Cottage and Constructive Architecture, 

Contauiing 76 Full Plates, 20 plates more than before ottered in a similar 

work for ten dollars. 

Published under direction of A. J. Bicknell. 

One large Quarto Volume, sent free by mail or express, on receipt of. .$10.00 

cnxTiiCia: -a-hohitectxtdre. 

By FREDERICK C. WITHERS. 

One large volume of fifty, 9x14 plates, substantially bound in extra cloth, sent 

feif mail or express to any part of the United States, upon receipt of price. $29.00 

Meeently Published, 

BIOI23SrEI.!IL'S "VILLA-QE BXJILDER, 

And Supplement* 

In One Volume, price $12.00 

Parties desiring the Supplement only, will be supplied, post-paid, on receipt 
of $5.00. 

A. li O H I T E C X XJ R, E. 
By CUMMINGS & MILLER. 
One large Quarto Volume. Price, post-paid $10.00 

A, J. BICKNELL & CO., JPublisJiers, 

27 Warren Street, New York. 

{^" Catalogue mailed free to any address. 



W. W. SILVER, 



lllfi 



102 Fulton Street, New York. 



W@mwmmiw&9 Ii^MB&€^PM&. 



FACTORIES, BUILDING-S, 



Machinery and Views of Eyery Description Taken 



AT SHORT NOTICE. 



COPYING AND PHOTOGRAPHING ON WOOD 



A SPECIALTY. 



BOUND TO PLEASE EVERY ONE. 



7.4 

INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTa 



HOTELS. 



FABG. 

Charleston Hotel , 2 

St. Augustine Hotel 22 

Magnolia House 88 

STEAMSHIPS. 

Baltimore & Savannah S. S. Line 89 

New York & Savannah S. S. Line 90 

Brocks' Florida Steamboat Line = 93 

RAILROADS. 

Atlantic & Gulf Line 91 

Atlantic Coast Line, " Bay Line Route," 21-35 

Atlantic Coast Line — all rail 2d and 3d pages of cover. 

Piedmont Air Line 92 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Singer Sewing Machine Co . . . Reverse of Map of Florida. 

H. A. Topham, Clothier , 94 

A. J. Bicknell & Co., Architecture 94 

W. W. Silver, Photographer 95 



— TH E- 



Great Atlantic Coast Line 

THi DIRECT PASSENGER ROUTE lo 

WASHINGTON, BALTIMORE, PHILADELPHIA 

ivET^ yojeik:. 

All Travelers and Tourists, returning from Florida are invited to 

examine the advantages of this line. 

No other route offisrs such few chaag3S, coJiEortable cars ancl uudisturbed 

travel. 

PULLMAN'S ELEGANT PALACE SLEEPING CARS 

Are run through, via Augusta and Wilminston, prom 

Savannah, to Baltimore Witliout Change 1 

Thus affording through sleeping car accommodations on one continuous schedule 

between 

SAVANNAH AND BALTIMORE. 

Passengers taldng Sleeping CaviS through from Savannah, make Close Con- 
nection at WELDON with 



Connecting at Portsmouth with 

BAY LINE STEAMERS. 

TRAINS ARE RUN WITH SPEED, REGULARITY AND CERTAINTY OF 
CONNECTION, AND PASSENGERS AVOID ALL NIGHT CHANGES. 



FIRST CLASS PASSENGER COACHES 

Unsurpassed in stj'le of modern finish, are run on this line with as few changes 
as possible. 

BAGGAGE CHECKED THROUGH. 

TICISIEITS G-OOID TJnSTTII-. XJSEID. 

Along the entire line, where ample time is afforded and at suitable hours. 

Passengers going North from Florida will do well to consider the above mention- 
ed facts before purchasing theii- tickets. Be particular to ask fob same 
VIA WILMINGTON. 
THROTTQS TICKETS Sold to All Points North, by this line. 
FOR PRICE OP TICKETS AND SCHEDULE OP TRAINS see SmaU 
Bills, which can be obtained at all Ticket Offices where Through Tickets are sold. 

'W. J. WALKER, A. POPE. 

Gen'l Agent. Gen'l Freight & Ticket Agent. 



.^ 



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