fJass r- 5 7 - Book .^ -^^Tg. ^'6 GAZETTEER ST. JOSEPH VALLEY MICHIGAN AND INDIANA, WITH A VIEW OF ITS HYDRAULIC AND BUSINESS CAPACITIES, CHICAGO: HAZLITT & REED, PRINTERS, 90 WASHINGTON ST. 1867. \fti* Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 18G7, by T. G. TURNER. In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. ERRATA. Page 10, line 15 from the bottom, read " over to the The au-ki-ki." Page 13, line 19 from top, read St. Joseph Valley Railroad. Page 28, line 11, for George " L.", read George C. Hackstafl. Page 44, line 6 from the bottom, read Samuel L. Cotterell. Page 72, at top, Joseph H. Defrees and not John D. Defrees was member of Congress. Page 72, line lo from bottom, for " puljlished," read purchased. Page 72, Alfred Hall was associated with Mr. Wheeler in the conduct of the St. Joseph Valley Register for about two years. Page 73, line 9, for monthly read Aveekly. Page 93, at top, read Nicar, Deming & Co. Page 136, at bottom, read P. C. Perkins. cji\'b \\ GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. VU THE aREAT SOUTH BEND C4E1IAGE & WAGON FACTOII OF STUDEB^KER BROS., A portion of which is represented on the opposite page, is located near tlie St. Joseph river and convenient to tlie Michigan Southern and Northern Indi- ana Railroad, eighty-five miles east of Chicago. It was established in 1852, and now ranks second to no manufactory of the kind in the "West. Indiana is noted for the excellent quality of its timber — particularly the oak found upon the openings and barrens of the northern portion of the State is equal if not superior to the second growth of Connecticut and New York. This timber we use exclusively. Attention is called to the fact that we use l^MT^llF'^l F^«W1 ®W©©¥ Wamie, Which is for superior to any other known to the trade. Also, GRANT'S SHIFTING RAIL, By which a buggy top can be almost instantly removed, either for convenience or in case of accident. Our wagon is known as the celebrated " South Bend Wagon," and our shop is the only one in the country where the SLOFE SHOTJLIDEIiEI? SFOKIE Is used. To prove our confidence in our wheels, we will give a warranty that those on our 8i^ Thimble Skein Wagon (which is best adapted to general tarm use,) will carry Forty Hundred ! A branch of our house is located at St. Joseph, Mo., where can be found at all times a large and full assortment of our work, at wholesale and retail. All classes of our w^agous can also be found at the following places : Chillicothe, Mo , .Dunn & Daily. Kansas City, " Plant Bros. & Co. Little Piney, " Fellows, McGinty & Switzler. Hamilton, " Georsie Witwer. Coimcil Blufls, Iowa Wall & Hine. DesMoines, " Brown, Spafford & Co. Belle Plaine, " A. Strinagle. Muscatine, '' R. Burtner. Marshalltown, " John Turner & Co. Aurora, 111 B. W. VanD.yke. Bement, " John Piatt «&"Co. Chattanooga, Tenn Geo. S. Ruble. Brenliam, Texas j. A. Trumbull. Helena, " John Ruckman & Bro. Rochester, Ind Samuel Keely. Goshen, " P.A.Welch. Coldwater, Mich B. et T. C. Etheridge. Refer to pages 105, 113 and 120 of this book. STUDEBAKER BROTHERS. HISTORICAL INDEX. Battle Creek, Midi 20 Branch county, " 21 Bronson, ' " 25 Burlington, " 20 Burr Oak, " 28 Bristol, Ind 31 Berrien county, Mich 74 Bertrand, " 77 Buchanan, " 78 Berrien Springs, " 78 Cession of Lands by Indians 11 Calhoun county, Mich 20 Coldwater, " .• . . . 2o Colon, " 27 Constantine, " 27 Centreville, " 28 Common Schools in Ind 41 County seat, St. Joseph county, Ind. location of 47 Coquillard Alexis 58 Commercial College 71 Carlisle Collegiate Institute 73 Conclusion 81 Discovery of the St. Joseph river. . 9 Elkhart county, Ind 29 Elkhart, village of 32 General view 9 Goshen, Ind 34 Graded School, South Bend 71 Hillsdale county, Mich 19 Hillsdale village, " 19 Harper, A. R 49 Harper, J. H 51 Indian Settlements 11 Jonesville, Mich 19 Kankakee Valley, 38 Kankakee Peat Beds 40 Michigan Central Railroad 12 Michigan So. & No. Ind. Railroad. 12 Marshall, Mich 20 jMendon, Mich 27 Mottville, " 28 Middlebury, Ind 36 Mishawaka, " 51 Notre Dame 67 Northern Indiana College 69 New Carlisle, Ind 73 Niles, Mich 77 Peninsular Railroad 13 Population of the Valley 16 Peat ' 40 Philadelphia Industrial Association 48 Press of Mii^hawaka 56 Press of South Bend 71 Quincy, Mich 24 Removal of the Indians 11 Roads in St. Joseph Co., Ind 42 St. Joseph Valley Railroad 13 Source of the St. Joseph river 14 Shipments Ijy Railroad 16 St. Joseph county, Mich 26 Sturgis, ' " 28 St. J^oseph county, Ind 37 " " " roads in ... . 42 " " " organised ... 44 " " " first court in 45 " " " population of 46 South Bend, city of 56 " Manufacturing Co. 59-61 Hydraulic Co 60 St. Mary's Academy 70 St. Joseph's Academy 71 St. Patrick's Select School 71 St. Joseph Village, Mich 80 Treal}^ with the Indians 11 Tributaries of the St. Joseph river. 14 Tekonsha, Mich 20 Three Rivers, Mich 27 Taylor, Lathrop M 58 Union City, Mich 25 White Pigeon, Mich 28 GENERAL VIEW OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. Much doubt and uncei-tainty hang around many of tlie events which go to make up the early history of a new country. The solitary wilds of an unexplored continent afford few opportunities for making those notes and records which, as time advances, be- come precious to the seeker after historical truths ; and, as a general thing, the explorers and settlers of our Great West have been men little accustomed to literary pursuits and less desirous of literary honors. Besides, the arduous labors and engrossing duties of pioneer life leave little room or opjDortunity for that quiet and leisure indispensable to scholarly habits. Thus it is, that a considerable portion of the interesting events of our first settlements, and of the discovery of the country itself, have faded from the memory of man or are only handed down as traditions, distorted by the imcertain medium or mystified by the lapse of time. True, occasionally men of learning and taste have wandered into the very heart of the continent and, with fertile pens, have recorded what they did, and saw and suffered. Especially is this true of those adventurous French explorers who first penetrated the un- broken forests and traversed the almost boundless prairies of the West; yet, even they left much for doubt and more for conjecture. Their relations are frequently little more than skeletons around 2 10 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. which the busy imaginations of subsequent writers have moulded forms to suit their purposes or to please their fancies. It is not, therefore, strange that the time of the discovery and the identity of the discoverer of the river and valley which form the subject of this brief sketch are matters of dispute. To be sure, this may be said to be a circumstance of not much practical importance, but it is a source of regret to the enterprising investigator. The French exjilorer LaSalle has generally been accredited the honor of this discovery. The Gi'iffin, a vessel of sixty tons, was launched by him on Niagara river, in 1679, and in her, accompanied by over thirty men, he sailed on the seventh of August of that year, bound for the valley of the Mississippi. He crossed lakes Erie and St. Clair and arrived at Green Bay, September second. The Griffin was the first vessel which ever navigated these lakes. She was wrecked on her return trip. Coasting along the east shore of lake Michigan, with Hennepin, Tonti and some thirty followers, on the first day of November, 1679, he came to the St. Joseph, which he then called the Miamis, or the "River of the Miamis," from the name of an Indian tribe living upon it. Here he built a fort. A recent writer professing ~~to draw his facts from reputable sources, supposes the site of this fort to have been Chicago, and the Miamis the Chicago river, a m.ost preposterous supposition when all authentic accounts agree that from this fort LaSalle started on the third of December with twenty-three men and came up the St. Joseph to the portage near South Bend, and passing over the The-au-ki-ki or Kankakee, went down that river to the Illinois. The site of his fort is still pointed out at St. Joseph ; and the remains of another built by him out the river near Niles, Michigan, is still to be seen. There is no doubt but LaSalle discovered the mouth of the river, and was the first voyager upon it for seventy miles towards its source. In 1673, Frontenac and Talon, the governor and intendant of Canada, resolved to send an expedition, under Louis Joliet, to explore the direction and mouth of the Mississippi. Father Marquette was directed to accompany the party as missionary. During this expedition, and probably in the latter j^art of the summer of 1673, it is said Marquette passed uj) the Illinois and Kankakee rivers and over the portage to the St. Joseph of the lakes. If this be so, of which there seems to be no doubt, then his was the first European eye that ever rested upon the waters of VALLEY OF THE ST. JOSEPH. 11 this lovely river, and tliat too, at a point not two miles distant from the present city of South Bend. This was more than six years before the discovery of LaSalle. A narrative of Marquette's voyage, first published in 1681, and also of a journal of his last expedition, with autograph maps, may be found in Shea's " Discovery and Exploi-ation of the Mississippi Valley." The doubts once enter- tained of the authenticity of these papers no longer remain. These conflicting claims are briefly stated here rather incidently, but not with a view to discuss them, nor to make any determina- tion of the issue. As we have before said, the matter is of no great practical importance — no greater, perhaps, than it Avould be to know for a certainty whether the continent of America was first discovered by Biorn of Iceland, Leif the son of Eric the Red, or by Columbus the Genoese. The curious may settle it if they can. The valley at the time of its discovery, was occupied by Indians, mostly of the Potawattomie tribe, interspersed by a few Miamis and Chippewas. It was a favorite resort for those "red men of the forest," and remains of some of their villages and cornfields are said to be found at the present time. Some of these settle- ments were as follows : Chebass', Casson's and Topennebee vil- lages, near Niles, Musconginon, Weesaw, Pokagon, Mishawaka and Mongonghanon. In 1828, Gen. Lewis Cass, then Territorial Governor of the State of Michigan, made a treaty at the Mission near Niles, by which the Indians cedfed to the United States all their lands in the valley with the exception of some small reservations, A few years after- wards these reservations were also ceded to the Government, and in 1840 about two thousand of the aborigines under the conduct of Alexis Coquillard, left for their new home west of the Mississippi. In 1843, Mr. Coquillard removed all the remaining Indians, leav- ing the white man in full and undisputed possession of their ancient territory. The removal was entirely voluntary on the part of the Indians. They had the option presented to go in peace or by the gentle persuasion of the bayonet. Deeply sensi- ble of the law of necessity which applied to their case, by an extraordinary efibrt of free will, they voluntarily departed ! Previous to 1830 the only means of access to the valley was by two Indian trails, one from Detroit and the other from P^ort Wayne, intersecting at Niles ; and by coasting along lake Michigan to the mouth of the river. Soon after that date, the Territorial road 12 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. from D'etroit to Chicago, the Vistula road from Toledo to South Bend, the Michigan road from Madison to Michigan City and the State road from Fort Wayne to South Bend were opened and an impetus thereby given to immigration. At the present time it is penetrated by two of the most important trunk lines of railroad to be foimd on the continent. The Michigan Central was the first railroad built in the State whose name it bears. Its beneficial effect throughout the region which borders upon it have been very great. It runs from Detroit through the beautiful towns of Ypsilanti, Ann Arbor, Jackson, Marshall, Battle Creek and Kala- mazoo to Niles ; thence through Buchanan and Michigan City to Cliicago; making a total distance of two hundred and eighty-four miles. It was commenced and partially built by the State at a time when financial Dogberries ruled her legislative destinies ; but in 1844 it passed into the hands of the present corporation, and was soon completed and ready for business. It has been well and successfully managed ; in proof of which reference need only to be made to its universal poj)ularity along its entire route and with the public generally. -.The Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana railroad was com- pleted to South Bend in the mouth of November, 1851, and soon after was opened from lake Erie to lake Michigan. It runs through the Valley of St. Joseph from near Hillsdale, in Michi- gan, to the western part of St. Joseph county, Indiana. It is en- tirely impossible to estimate the material advantages derived from this mammoth line of communication, by all the territory which it traverses. By it. South Bend is one hundred and fifty-seven miles from Toledo and eighty-five from Chicago. It is one of the best constructed railroads in the United States, and its management is unexceptionable in every respect. Its capital stock is 110,601,200, and its bonded debt $9,135,840, making the aggregate capital invested nearly $20,000,000. Its gross earnings for the year end- ing February 28th, 1867, were $4,673,129.86. During the same year the total number of miles run, by all kinds of trains, was 2,386,193, or more than ninety-five times around the globe! The track owned, maintained and operated by this company, is as follows : VALLEY OF THE ST. JOSEPH. 13 Toledo to Chicago, old line 342.06 miles. Main track north of 22d street, Chicago 1.18 " Toledo to Elkhart, air line. 133.20 " Air Line Junction to Detroit 61.51 " Adrian to Monroe Junction 33.60 " Palmyra Junction to Jackson 44.40 " Sidetracks 62.32 " Total 578.27 " There are only seven hundred and sixty-eight feet of wooden bridging upon the road, and this will soon be replaced by pei-ma- nent structures of stone. It is worthy of especial remark, that during the year, the amount received for way passengers exceeds the amount from through passengers by $271,319, a fact not only showing the character of the country through which it runs, but suggestive to the managers of the importance of cultivating this branch of traffic. E. B. Phillips, Esq., is President, and Chas. F. Hatch, Esq., General Superintendent. The St. Joseph railroad runs from White Pigeon, on the Michi- gan Southern and Northern Indiana road, by way of Constantine, Three Rivers and Schoolcraft to Kalamazoo, a distance of. about thii'ty miles. This road, as far as Three Rivers, was built and for several years operated by the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Company. The whole road is now under the manage- ment of Ransom Gardner, Esq., and is an important line of com- munication and traffic for a large and fertile portion of the valley. A railroad is now in process of construction from Port Huron, in Michigan, by the way of Flint, Lansing and Battle Creek, Mich- igan, and Mishawaka to South Bend. It is called the "Peninsu- lar," and is intended to be a first class road in every respect. From South Bend it will be carried forward to Chicago, by the way of Laporte and Valparaiso, so that the connection between the termini will be continuous and complete. The whole length of this route is about three hundred and twenty-nine miles, viz. : from Port Huron to Flint, sixty-five miles ; from Flint to Lansing, forty-five miles ; from Lansing to Battle Creek, forty-five miles ; from Battle Creek to Indiana State Line, sixty-nine miles ; from State Line to Chicago, one hundred and five miles. A large pro- portion of the road bed, in the State of Michigan, is already graded ; and at least that portion between Port Huron and Flint 14 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. will be ironed and in perfect running order before the close of 1867. Arrangements have been made for the necessary material aid, so that the early completion of the Peninsular road is placed beyond a peradventure or a doubt. Enterprising capitalists are moving with a view to the constnxc- tion of a railroad from the mouth of the St. Joseph river, by the way of Berrien and Niles, in Michigan, to South Bend and thence to intersect the Chicago and Peru roacl at Plymouth. The dis- tance is about sixty miles ; and the road when built will doubtless be a very important and profitable one. Both these contemplated roads will be of great advantage in developing the resources of the country through which they will pass. The St. Joseph takes its rise in a small lake, called Baw-Beese, in Hillsdale county, Michigan, near the county seat, and runs thence north-west into Calhoun county. Near Tekonsha it makes an abrupt bend, and its general course thence to South Bend is south-westerly. From South Bend to Lake Michigan it runs nearly north. From its head to its mouth the river flows through a rich, level and well cultivated country, and neither upon or near any of its numerous tributaries can be found a mountain nor many elevations that aspire to the dignity of hills. The face of the valley is undulating, sometimes quite rolling, but everywhere well adapted to purposes of husbandry. The landscape is beautified by many small lakes and brooklets, and occasionally unimportant marshes are found ; but these last are fast disappearing under a uniform and general system of drainage. The source of the river is on the ridge dividing the waters of lake Erie from those of lake Michigan, and which is, perhaps, the highest point of land on the Peninsula. The descent from Hillsdale to lake Michigan is grad- ual but constant and considerable, so that the St. Joseph, although flowing through a remarkably level country has, at almost every point, a rapid current. Being fed largely from springs and lakes, it is not subject to rapid and excessive rises nor to inconveniently low stages of water. Inundations are infrequent and unimport- ant. Its chief tributaries are the Coldwater, Fawn, Pigeon, Little Elkhart, Elkhart, Dowagiac and Paw Paw rivers, all of which are valuable mill streams. Unlike all mountain streams, the St. Joseph, instead of decreas- ing in its volume as the surrounding country is cleared and im- proved, has exhibited a very decided increase. This is caused by VALLEY OF THE ST. JOSEPH. 15 the drainage of marshes and low lands, thus bringing into the current of the river a large quantity of water which was hereto- fore sijread over a vast area and there been left to evaporate to the detriment of health and to the general damage and discomfort of the country. This accretion is constantly going on and for many years must add very materially to the volume of the stream. A steamboat called the Schuyler Colfax, of about two hundred tons burthen, is now plying regularly between South Bend and the mouth of the river, meeting with little or no obstruction, even at the present low stage of the water. For years much of the com- merce of this valley was carried on by steam and keel boats quite successfully. It now only requires a comparatively small outlay of means to complete slack water navigation as far up as Three Rivers, in Michigan. A few locks and dams only are needed to perfect the navigation for steamers of three hundred tons burthen. Such an improvement would be highly advantageous to those whose business involves the moving of heavy and bulky freight. But a little more than thirty years have elapsed since emigra- tion was fairly directed towards this valley. Then, there were no roads, no houses, no mills, no improvements of any kind. Sup- plies had to be brought from a distance, and at great expense and hazard. The sickness, suffering, privation and discouragement incident to all new settlements in the West, had to be encoun- tered. Homes had to be made, society formed and all the appli- ances of civilized life to be wrought out by courage, perseverance and industry. The pioneers of the valley and their successors have done nobly. Few sections in all the Great West can show equal results. The contrast and the progress made will more fully appear by the following figures : The amount of flour received at Toledo by the Michigan South- ern and Northern Indiana Railroad for the years indicated and from the places named, all being properly included in the Valley of St. Joseph, is as follows : GAZETTEEE OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 1864. ISO'S. 1866. NO. BBLS. NO. BRLS. NO. BBLS. South Bend 30,834...- 38,954 21,741 Misliawaka 6,786 30,436 11,935 Elkhart 19,419 31,438 22,551 Bristol 10,097 12,834 8,328 Middlebury 2,194 4,008 2,089 Three Rivers 3,300 28,757 31,130 Constantine 17,828 24,526 12,126 White Pigeon 8,208 11,346 5,803 Sturgis 8,378 14,310 6,000 Burr Oak 3,908 9,242 5,100 Bronsou 485 888 164 Coldwater 11,706 17,303 5,321 Quincy 938 200 3,432 Jonesville 7,165 10,046 1,026 Goshen 24,628 31,880 16,195 Total 155,874 266,162 152,941 The amount of grain received, as above, for the same years, was, in 1864, 725,238 bushels; in 1865 it was 770,075 bushels; in 1866 it was 447,878 bushels. The almost total failure of the Avheat crop and the short corn crop of 1866 is the cause of the falling off in that year. The year 1867 will undoubtedly show a greater export of flour and grain from the places named above than was ever known in a former year, by the equivalent of more than half a million bushels. The figures already given, of course, do not include the quantities sent west and that shi2)ped by the lake and by the Michigan Central Railroad. The fruit exports including apples, peaches, strawberries, huckleberries and cranberries, are almost incredible, but we have no means of giving even a proximate of the actual amount. In one week the present summer, over seven thousand bushels of strawberries were sent to Chicago, from the port of St. Joseph alone. The peach crop along the lower valley, is of very great value and is seldom known to be a failure. The population of the Valley, as shown by the census of 1860, aggregates as follows : In Michigan 131,045 In Indiana , 50.113 Total 181,158 An estimate for the present time, founded upon the ascertained VALLEY OF THE ST. JOSEPH. 17 rate of increase, gives 287,684. This includes six counties and half of five others. To say that the St. Joseph river is a beautiful stream of water and that the countiy through which it flows is a very pleasant and productive valley of land would be a truthful generalization not likely to be disputed, but equally applicable to many other rivers and their surroundings. Indeed, it may be doubted whether the eye of the poet or of the painter would here meet with that satisfaction easily to be found in more ungenial climes and amid more rugged foi'mations. To the eye of the utilitarian, however, he who seeks for more immediate and more practical uses, very little is here wanting to insure the highest gratification. Almost from its very source, the river has such a volume of water and such a gradual but decided fall, as to aiford a succession of valuable locations for the development of hydraulic power ; and the country which it at once waters and drains, though in many places highly picturesque and beautiful, is noted more than for all else, as a section where rural abundance is almost spontaneous. Perhaps no valley in the land, of equal size, is capable of yielding more sure or more ample rewards to the industrious worker, or oifers greater facilities for the suj^port of a dense population of enterprising people. This fact cannot but be apparent to even the casual observer. The numerous and large fields of all the cereals adapted to the latitude bear ample testimony to the quality o'l the soil ; natural meadows, thickly set in the rich native grasses and affording abundant and excellent herbage ; orchards laden with their pomological treasures, gladdening the sight and tempting the appetite ; gardens rejoicing in succulent luxuriaHce ; natural forests of useful and ornamental trees, all these and much moi*e,give to the landscape an air not only of plenty but of absolute pro- fusion. Add to all this the fact of easy culture, speedy and cheap transportation and a good and never failing market, and the dream of the agricultural Utopian appears to be realized. But add, further, the extraordinary facilities for all manner of industrial pvu-suits afforded by the immense hydraulic power of the river, and a reality, not a picture, is produced which challen- ges competition or comparison. Each town and village along the valley, which has struggled up from the days of the early settlement of the country, is now becoming the nucleus of a thriving and important center of Indus- 18 GAZETTEER OP THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. try and trade. The rose colored expectations of the first settlers and the feverish excitement occasioned by the construction of railroads through the country, each visionary and delusive, have subsided into a more sober and practical view of things, and now there seems to be not only a rational appreciation of the facilities which nature has afforded, but a substantial exhibition of that practical application and energetic action which form a sure pre- sage of success. A generation of white men have quietly seen the St. Joseph river sweeping past their doors, wasting its mighty powers in improvising sand-bars and in dancing over riffles. That generation, while waiting, like Micawber, for " something to turn up " to their advantage, have passed away. A new era has dawned. Enterprise is at work. Genius and art; intelligence and thrift ; capital and labor have combined in a sort of co-oper- ative union for the purpose of subjecting to humanizing uses the hitherto unappropriated and unappreciated capabilities of the situation. HILLSDALE COTIITTY, MICHI&AN. This county, containing some of the highest land in the Penin- sula, is the fruitful mother of rivers. Here rise the St. Joseph of Lake Michigan, the St. Joseph of the Mauraee, the Raisin and the Kalamazoo. Several other small- streams rise in, or traverse the county. The surface is generally rolling, with abrupt swells, which may, perhaps, properly be called hills. The soil is rich and productive. In several places fine quarries of a very good quality of sand stone crop out, well adapted for building — almost the only ones to be found in the lower peninsula. Lime and iron ore are found, though not in large quantities. Wheat, corn, pota- toes and wool are the chief agricultural productions. The village of Hillsdale is the county seat. It is very pleasantly situated near the outlet of Baw Beese lake, and is noted for the romantic beauty of its surroimdings. It enjoys a large and increasing ti'ade, and its manufactures are in a thriving condition. Hillsdale College, a large and esteemed institution, under the control of the Freewill Baptists, is located here. Both male and female students are admitted. The village of Jonesville is situated about four miles north- west of Hillsdale, on the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad and on the St. Joseph river, which even here, furnishes a very good water power. It is, properly, the first village in the valley descending the river. Its population is esti- mated at nearly two thousand, who are noted for intelligence and enterprise. It contains several manufactories, among which is an extensive woolen factory. CALHOUN COUNTY, MICHiaAF. This is one of the finest counties in the State, and contains seven hiindred and twenty square miles. The soil is mostly a rich sandy loam, with some black alluvial loam in the river bot- toms. It is one of the chief wool producing counties in Michi- gan. The population in 1860 was 29,398. It is noted for its superior public schools. In 1860 there were 7,968 children attend- ing school. There were 116 male and 212 qualified female teach- ers, to whom was paid 122,258.40. It has two flourishing cities, Marshall, the county seat, and Battle Creek, both situated on the Central railroad and the Kalamazoo river, and some thirteen miles apart. The population of the former in 1860 was 4,000 and of the latter about the same. The village of Tekonsha is situ- ated near the St. Joseph river, on the stage route from Coldwater to Marshall. It has a good water power and is a thriving town. Ten miles below Tekonsha is the village of Burlington, also on the St. Joseph, and containing some three hundred people. It is fourteen miles north of the Michigan Southern and sixteen miles south of the Central railroad. It has some manufactories, including a machine shop. BEANCH COTJNTT, MICHIGAN. From its source, the St. Joseph river runs nearly north-west into Calhoun county, after which brief diversion it turns south- westerly, and after touching the county of Branch, goes no farther north again than the southern tier of counties in Michigan. It makes a detour into Indiana but, returning very suddenly, pursues its course with great rapidity to its native State and empties its treasure of waters into Lake Michigan not more than five miles from a due west line from its source. At Union City, in Branch county, the Coldwater river debouches into the St. Joseph, thus making the whole county tributary to and a jsart of the valley. The county of Branch in point of location, fertility and general advantages, is hai'dly surpassed by any other county in the j^enin- sular State. It was organized in 1833, having been previous to that time a part of St. Joseph county. It contains five hundred and twenty-eight square miles. In 1860 it had a population of 20,981, and has now at least 30,000. The estimated value of its real and personal estate is over twelve millions of dollars. The surface is generally level and the soil diversified, but all of it producing crops of extraordinary abundance. It is watered by the St. Joseph, Big Swan, Little Swan, Prairie and Coldwater rivers and numerous small creeks and rivulets which become tributaries to the larger streams. The Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana railroad passes through the county and has been a source of inestimable benefit to it. J. B. Crippen, Esq., formerly an enterprising citizen of Coldwater, a few years since 22 GAZETTEER OF THE ST, JOSEPH VALLEY. published a 3Ionthly Journal at that place, from which the follow- ing is extracted : "When this county constituted a part of St. Joseph, it was known as the township of Green. Afterwards the towns of Coldwater and Prairie River were organised ; the former embrac- ing the eastern, the latter the western portion of the county. From time to time other towns were organized ; the names of some have been changed, and now we have sixteen. The county seat was first located in 1831, at Masouville, on the east branch of the Coldwater river, by commissioners appointed for that purpose. But their location not being confirmed, it was removed in Octo- ber of the same year to Branch, a few miles south-west of there, within the township of Coldwater. ****** In 1842 the county seat was removed by an act of the legislature to the village (now city) of Coldwater. " The settlements in this county were commenced as early as 1828. The trials and difticulties which the pioneers had to endure and contend with were many, among which, not the least was the want of mills. There was no mill for grinding grain nearer than Constantine, thirty-five miles west, or Tecumseh, fifty-five miles east, and it was a journey of several days to and from either of those places, traveling by marked trees through the woods. "In 1829, Messrs. Foster and LeRonge had an Indian trading house, west of the Coldwater river, on the north side of the Chicago road. Mr. Godfroy had a trading house at the east end of Coldwater Prairie ; and afterwards Lorin Marsh established a trading house on the west bank of the river, on the south side of the Chicago road. Mr. Bonner, a Welchman, was the first white man who came with his family to the township of Coldwater. Rev. E. H. Pilcher preached the first sermon on Coldwater Prairie, and also conducted the first funeral exercises, on the occasion of the death of a child of Allen Tibbits. Rev. Allen Tibbits was the first resident preacher of the gospel. He emigrated to this country in 1831, and delivered his first discourse in July of that year. Wales Adams came from Massachusetts, and located in the western part of the county, in the year 1830, where he erected one of the first saw mills built in the county, on a stream called Prairie river." Allen Tibbits, spoken of in the above extract, still lives at Coldwater. He long since abandoned the clerical profession, BRANCH COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 23 and is now a respectable citizen and an alderman of that thriving city. The city of Coldwater, the seat of justice of Branch county, is situated on the east branch of the river of the same name, and not far from Coldwater lake. Mr. Clark, in his Gazetteer of Mich- igan, says that " this is one of the most beautiful and pleasantly located towns in the country, being located in the center of a farming region that is unsurpassed for fertility and productiveness, and inhabited by an enterprising and refined class of people, who evidently take great pride in rendering their city neat and attractive," It has a poi^ulation of over five thousand, and is distinguished for the intelligence of its women and the beauty of its men.* It sent many good soldiers to the late war, furnished material for three or four generals, and was worthily represented in the quartermaster's department. The celebrated Loomis' Battery went from here, and the six guns with which they did such splendid service have been returned to the city, &nd are there held as mementoes of patriotism and valor. Aside from the elegant public school, built at a cost of over $30,000, the public buildings are unimportant. The court house is far from modern in its arrangements and much too small. The jail is a disgrace to modern or any other kind of civilization; indeed, it is not equal, in size, style and comfort, to a majority of the stables in the city. If common humanity does not soon prompt the build- ing of a new and better one it is to be hoped that some sense of shame will. It may be remarked that the people of the city, as a general thing, see and deplore this blot which the inhabitants of the " rural districts " seem determined to perpetuate. There is located here a very fine " Young Ladies' Seminary " which is performing a work of great usefulness. The first white settlement was made in 1829, by a man named Campbell. On the 30th of October, of the same year, the eldest daughter of Mr. Allen Tibbits died, and she was the first white person buried in the town. In 1832, the village was laid out by Joseph Hanchett and Allen Tibbits, and was called Lyons. The following year the name was changed to Coldwater, that being the interpretation of Chuck-sen-ya-bish, the Indian name of the neighboring river. The first meeting house was erected in 1836. * Vide the Mistletoe Bough. 24 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. An organization under a city charter was effected in 1861, when Albert Chandler was elected the first Mayor. The first newspaper issued in Branch county was published in the village of Branch, then the county seat, in 1832, and was called the Michigan Argus. In 1833 Dr. Calkins issued the Coldtoater Observer, in the village of Cold water. In 1842 the Observer passed into the hands of M. B. Josselyn, who changed the name to Coldwater Democrat, and published it till 1844, when Albert Chandler jiurchased it and continued it some five years, at the end of which time it was discontinued. It was born, lived and died a Democrat. The Branch County Journal was started in November, 1851, by B. F. Thompson, and in 1856 it passed into the hands of Eddy, Gray & Co., who changed the name to Branch County Bepublican. In 1862 the Republican was bought by Franc B. Way and changed to the Branch County Gazette. This paper has been Republican throughout, and is now pub- lished by Benton & Burr. The Democratic Union was commenced by the late Captain John L. Hackstaff, in 1856, and continued until 1861, when its publisher and editor, at the call of his country, went into the army, from which he returned only to die of disease contracted in the service. The Southern Michigan Neim, an independent paper, was started in March, 1862, under the editorial charge of T. G. Turner, and was discontinued in the following winter, when the editor went into the army. The Welcome Guest, a Spiritual paper, was published for several months in 1859, by Loudon and Hackstaff; and James B. Cripjien, Esq., in 1861, issued an adver- tising sheet called Crippenus Monthly Journal, evincing consider- able editorial ability. In 1864 Frederick V. Smith commenced the Coldtoater Sentinel, at first an independent paper, but now of the Democratic faith. It is still published by Smith and Moore, and ably edited by the former gentleman. The Bepublican, the politics of which is denoted by its name, was commenced in the summer of 1866, by Major D. J. Easton, and is now published by W. J. & O. A. Bo wen. It is a quarto sheet of very fine appearance, and may fairly claim to be a first-class weekly news- paper. QuiNCY is an incorporated village, on the Michigan Southern Railroad, six miles east of Coldwater. It is a place of consider- able trade, tind has about twelve hundred inhabitants. BKANCH COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 25 The village of Bkonson is twelve miles west of Coldwater, and has a population of some five hundred. It is a brisk little town, and has recently been contesting with its j^roud neighbor, the honor of being the county seat. As yet it has been unsuccessful. Union City is a pleasant town, at the mouth of the Cold- water river, twelve miles northwesterly from the county seat, and on the St. Joseph. It has a fine water power, as yet unimproved, except on the Coldwater. Had it a railroad connection with the rest of the world, it would soon equal if not surpass any town in the county. 3 ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, MICHIGAN, In point of fertility of soil and general natural advantages, St. Joseph is among the foremost counties in the valley. One of the peculiarities of this county is thus related by Mr. Clark : "In various parts of this and the adjoining counties are found interesting traces of a species of agriculture practiced by a race that inhabited this region at some very remote period. These remains are in the shape of ancient garden beds, laid out with mathematical precision, and occupying, oftentimes, a great extent of ground, frequently covering from one to three hundred acres in a single field or garden. They are generally found in prairies or burr oak plains. They appear in fanciful shapes, but order and symmetry of proj^ortion seem to govern. Some ave laid off in rectilineal or curvilineal figures, either distinct or combined in a fantastic manner, in parterres and scolloped work, with alleys between, and apparently amjjle walks or avenues, leading in different directions, displaying a taste that would not discredit a modern pleasure garden. On the west bank of the St. Joseph river, a short distance from the village of Three Rivers, a garden of this kind is still to be seen in tolerable preservation. The garden is judged to be half a mile in length by one-third in breadth, and contains upwards of one hundred acres, regularly laid out in beds, running north and south, in the form of parallelograms, five feet wide, one hundred feet long, and eighteen inches deep, with alleys between them eighteen inches wide and eighteen inches deep. At the extremity of each, is a semi-lunar bed, or semi-circle, of the same depth and diameter, corresponding to the width of the beds. The beds have the appearance of being raised above the surrounding country, and are as regular and distinct as if but recently made. One of the most singular ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 27 circumstances connected with these remains is that the Indians of the neighborhood were evidently in perfect ignorance of their originators or their uses. * * * * It is evident that these gardens were constructed and cultivated by a race of men in every way superior in intelligence and civilization to the American Indians of the present or past century." This county had in 1860 an aggregate population of 21,111. At the present time it probably has about 31,500. There are several incorporated villages in the county. Descending the St. Joseph river, the first is Colon, with a population of about six hundred, and six miles below, Mendon, of about the same size. Both of these towns have good, but undeveloped, water power in abundance. The flourishing and enterprising village of Three Rivers is situated at the confluence of the Portage river and Rocky creek with the St. Joseph, whence the name. The St. Joseph Railroad runs through, connecting it with both the Michigan Southern, at White Pigeon, and the Central, at Kalamazoo, it being twelve miles to the former and eighteen to the latter place. The j^opu- lation is estimated at about 2,500. Three Rivers is at the head of navigation on the St. Joseph. To this point, for many years before the completion of the great east and west railroads, steamers of light draught constantly plied from Lake Michigan, Lockport, Brooklyn and Canada, three adjoining settlements, are regarded as suburbs of Three Rivers. The hydraulic power afforded by the three streams which here mingle their waters is immense, and unsurpassed in the State, except at Grand Rapids. It is improved to some extent, but there is still a large surplus awaiting the demands of capital and enterprise. The first settler was Jacob McEutenfer, in 1830. The village was laid out in 1836, and incorporated in 1857. The first church was erected in 1838. At the point where Fawn river falls into the St. Joseph, and on the railroad from White Pigeon to Kalamazoo, four miles from the Michigan Southern road, is situated the village of Constantine, with something over fifteen hundred inhabitants. Fawn river furnishes a first class water power, which has been liberally improved and profitably used. The St. Joseph has never been dammed here, but offers great inducement for such an improve- ment. The town is handsomely laid out, and is ornamented with 28 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. a good degree of taste. It is one of the most beautiful and live towns of the West, and is worthy the particular notice of those who are seeking locations for business. White Pigeon is located on the Southern Michigan and ^Northern Indiana Railroad, near the Indiana line, and is the Southern terminus of the St. Joseph road. Pigeon river flows through the town, and afibrds good and abundant water power. Considerable manufacturing is done here, and the town is in a healthy and flourishing condition. The population is nearly or quite two thousand. A very good newspaper is published here, called the Democratic Union, by George L. Hackstafi" & Co. The *' ofiice " is the same one used by Captain Hackstafl?", now deceased, in printing his paper of the same name at Coldwater, several years ago. Twelve miles east of White Pigeon, on the railroad, in the midst of one of the finest prairies in the West, is the village of Sturgis, with a population of nearly two thousand. It is a thriving town, and likely to become a prominent point on the Michigan and Indiana Railroad, which is now being built and which will here cross the Michigan Southern. It has one news- paper, the Sturgis Journal, edited by Hon. J. G. Wait. Burr Oak is six miles to the east of Sturgis, and has about eight hundred inhabitants. The village is prosperous. Centerville is the county seat of St. Joseph, and is tastefully laid oiit, in the interior of the county. It has several fine resi- dences and respectable county buildings. The Prairie river fur- nishes a fair water power which is improved to some extent. The sound of the locomotive never echoed through the streets of Centerville, and as a consequence it has only about six or seven hundred people. Returning to the St. Joseph river, we come to Mottville, a few miles below Constantine. Settlements and considerable improvements were made here at an early day. It has a splendid water power but no railroad communication. General Hart L. Stewart, now of Chicago, was one of the first settlers here, and V\'as formerly a large landholder, and one of the most enterprising men in the county. Better days may be in store for Mottville. It needs only enterprise and industry to raise the poj)ulation far above eight hundred, which is about the present number. We pow pass into Indiana. ELKHART COUNTY, INDIANA. This county is bounded north by the State of Michigan, east by Noble and LaGrange counties, south by Kosciusko county, and west by St. Joseph county. It is divided into sixteen townships, viz. : Cleveland, Baugo, Olive, Locke, Osolo, Concord, Harrison, Union, Washington, Jefferson, Elkhart, Jackson, York, Middle- bury, Clinton and Benton. Its aggregate population at the present time does not vary much from 30,000. In 1860 it was, according to the census returns for that year, 20,986, showing an increase in seven years of at least 9,014. Assuming this as the rate of increase for the ten years ending in 1870, the number at that date will be near 35,000, which will be found to be under rather than over the mark. The first census was taken in 1830, for which the county paid the sum of four dollars and fifty cents, a fact warranting the inference, perhaps, that the number of inhabitants was not large, although what it was does not appear. The county was organized in June, 1830, by James Matthews, John Jackson and Armenius C. Penwell, constituting the Board of Justices, the former of whom was elected president. At a special meeting of the board, in the following July, all the territory in the State east of the present limits of the county was erected into a township, and called Mong-go-qua-nong. The territory constituting this township of magnificent proportions and distances, as well as name, was attached to Elkhart county for judicial and other purposes, and has since been organized into several counties. The territory now forming a part of Kosciusko county, on the south, was also attached to Elkhart at that time, and was known as Turkey Creek township. 30 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. In May, 1830, the commissioners appointed under the organizing act of the Legislature, located the county seat on the southwest quarter of section twenty-four, in Concord township; but in 1831 this location was changed, and the seat of justice was finally established at Goshen, where it still remains. Here the first court of record was held, by the associate judges of the county, in November, 1830, who were allowed and paid for their judicial services, in addition to the honor which they enjoyed, the sum of four dollars each. In July, 1830, the first merchant's license was issued to Dominique Rouseau, an Indian trader of those times. The county contains 4*72 square miles, or 302,080 acres of land. The number of acres returned for taxation is 291,830, which shows the waste land, village plats, &c., to be but a small fraction over three per cent. The last property valuation, as returned, is as follows : Eeal Estate $4,604,163 Personal Estate 4,101,493 Total for taxation $8,705,656 But these figures fail entirely to give the actual value of the property in the county. It does not include a large amount of property exempt from taxation, and the taxable is only an approx- imation to the real value. There are nine villages in the county, viz. : Goshen, Elkhart, Middlebury, Bristol, Millersburg, Waterford, Wakarusha, New Paris and Benton. The first two are important towns ; the others are thriving points for local trade. The St. Joseph river enters the State of Indiana and the county of Elkhart near the northeast corner of Washington township, and runs southwesterly, through Bristol to Elkhart; thence, nearly due west to St. Joseph county. The Elkhart river enters the county near the northeast corner of Benton township, and runs nearly west, through the village of Benton to Jackson township ; thence it pursues a northwesterly course through Waterford and Goshen, in Elkhart township, across Jeflferson and Concord town- ships, to Elkhart, where it enters the St. Joseph. It is a fine stream, of considerable volume, and has several valuable mill sites upon it. At Goshen, it is made available for manufacturing pur- ELKHART COUNTY, INDIANA. 31 poses to a large extent. The Little Elkhart passes through Middlebury and johis the St. Joseph at Bristol. Christian creek rises in Michigan, enters Elkhart county at the northwest corner of Osolo township, and runs thence nearly south to Elkhart, where it falls into the St. Joseph. Turkey creek enters into the Elkhart river some four miles south of Goshen. Baugo creek and its tributaries serve to water much of the west part of the county. The Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad touches the county in York township, runs southwesterly through Bristol and Elkhart to the west line "of Baugo township, where it enters St. Joseph county. The air-line branch has its western terminus at Elkhart, and runs almost due southeast, through Goshen and Millersburg, to the northeast corner of Benton township, a distance of about twenty miles, where it leaves the county. The soil of Elkhart county is invariably of a most excellent quality, and well adapted to the production of fruits, vegetables, and all kinds of grains and grasses. The climate is good, the water excellent and no county in the State of Indiana stands higher in every de|irable respect. Following the course of the St. Joseph, from the old town of Mottville, seven miles, we come to Bristol. This town is situated just below where the Little Elkhart enters the St. Josejih, and occupies a beautiful and high plateau of land at a point where the latter river makes a bold but short sweep to the south. The favorable character of the soil, the elevated plateau, the splendid water view from almost every part of the town, the abundance of verdure interspersed with fruits and flowers, and withal that general air of quiet and serenity which everywhere pervades, serve to render Bristol emphatically the " Loveliest village of the plain." The surrounding country is very fertile and very beautiful, and the trade of the town, although local, has, from the first settle- ment of the valley, been important. Quite a large grain trade centers hei*e, and the country round about is noted for the quantity and quality of its orchard fruits. The Little Elkhart has hitherto furnished sufficient hydraulic power, easily available, for the purposes of the town, and this circumstance has retarded the improvement of the more import- 32 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. ant St. Joseph. Recently, however, attention has centered upon this latter power, and a substantial company has been formed for the purpose of bringing it into use. From the west end of the town, for over half a mile, the river has such a decided fall as to give the current almost the character of rapids. Here, at a convenient point, the company have purchased a tract of land admirably adapted to the purpose, and are now actively engaged in preparing to build a dam and races. The dam will be very substantial, some three hundred feet long, and giving a head and fall of about eight feet. The main race will be one hundred and fifty feet wide and over one-third of a mile in length. It can be made with very little excavation, by following a depression seemingly intended by nature for the purpose. On either side of this main race are splendid sites for erecting mills, with good facilities for tail races and other conveniences. In a word, there seems to be almost no limit to the facilities and power. Near by are plenty of stone, and on the company's property is now standing abundant timber for all purposes of the improvement. The gentlemen who are engaged in the project are entirely in earnest, and early next year a new field for enter- prising manufacturers will be fully opened. The town has now a population of nearly eight Hundred, and there is good reason for believing that, before the census of 1870, it will be at least doubled. The Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad runs through the southern part of the town, and good roads lead in almost every direction. Probably no person of discernment ever visited the village of Elkhakt without being impressed not only with the great beauty of the locality, but with its wonderful adaptation to purposes of business, and especially to manufacturing. The town is situated on a gentle declivity, bounded on the north by the St. Joseph river. The character of the formation, in connection with the dry, hard soil, gives excellent assurance of cleanliness and health- The streets are conveniently laid out, and improved with good taste. Through the easterly part of the town runs the Elkhart river. This is much the lowest portion, but seldom overflowed. In the great freshet of 1855, the Elkhart cut a new channel, east of the old and main one, through which it now discharges a portion of its water into the St. Joseph. This river aflfords a very ELKHART COUNTY, INDIANA. 33 desirable water power, which has been successfully, but only par- tially, improved. A flouring mill, a woolen factory, and some other machinery are located here. A bridge spans the St. Joseph at the foot of Main street. On the north side is found a large flouring mill and the paper mill of C. Beardsley, Esq. The machinery here is driven by water from Christian creek, a small stream which empties into the St. Joseph about half a mile above. The fall obtained from the Christian is twenty-four feet, and not over half the water is now in use. Here, on a high and commanding table of land, are found some of the finest building spots in the valley or in the West. B. L. Davenport, Esq., is now just completing a sj^lendid mansion here at a cost of over $25,000. It is undoubtedly the best private dwelling in Northern Indiana, and is a si3ecimen of fine taste and good workmanship. It is almost impossible to say which of the many water powers afforded by the St. Joseph is the best. They are all good, each possessing some advantages peculiar to itself. In this regard Elkhart certainly is not surj^assed by any other place, and it is entirely unaccountable how or why the citizens have left it so long unimproved. They seem, however, now to have suddenly opened their eyes to their own best interests, and are evidently in earnest. A short distance above, and nearly adjoining the town, nature has presented them with races nearly ready made to their hands, and with a power sufficient to turn all the machinery at present in the valley. The Elkhart Hydraulic Company are now engaged with a large force in fitting this site for manufacturing purposes. The river is here about one hundred yards wide, and a fine dam is to be thrown across. They are not prepared to say when their works will be completed, and we have no means of knowing what particular inducements they propose to hold out to those seeking business locations. It may be remarked, however, that, in anticipation of the benefits expected to flow from this and other improvements, Elkhart has taken a new start. Numerous buildings, both for business and residences, have recently been erected, and the population is rapidly increasing. In 1860 there were 1433 people here, and this number has probably been just about doubled in the past ! ^ ■> > years. Elkhart is an important ranroad point. Here the air and the old line of the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana road join, 34 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. it being by the former 133, and by the latter 142 miles to Toledo; The distance to Chicago is 100 miles. The only eating house u2:)on the line is located here. It is kept by Messrs. Patrick & Son, and is in great favor with the j)ublic. Its hotel accommoda- tions are complete. The freight received at and forwarded from Elkhart, for the twelve months ending February 28, 1867, was as follows: Received, 8,835,430 fts ; Revenue, $20,802.41 Forwarded 17,662,403 " " 36,757.60 Total, 26,497,832 " $57,560.01 The number of passengers leaving, for the time above stated, was 26,063, and the earnings from this source were $30,905,30. There are two newspapers published here, viz. : The Elkhart Review and a religious paper called the Herald of Truth. GosHEisr is the county seat of Elkhart county. It is situated on the east bank of the Elkhart river, and about eighty rods from the lower point of Elkhart Prairie. This prairie is about five miles long by three miles in width, and is noted for the depth and rich- ness of its soil. The site of the town was formerly oak openings. In 1830 the county seat was located several miles below; but in 1831 it was permanently fixed at Goshen. The land upon which the town stands was entered by the county, and the first lots were sold in the fall of 1831. William Bissell was the first permanent white settler. The first meeting house was built on Sixth street, in the spring of 1833. It belonged to the Methodist Society, and is still in existence, and used as a dwelling house. The first mill was built on Rock Run, about half a mile from the center of the town, by John Carpenter, in 1831. The court house, now standing and in good repair, was commenced in 1832 and completed in the following year. It was the first court house in Indiana north of the Wabash. In 1860 Goshen had 2,042 inhabitants; at the present time the number does not vary much from 3,200. The town is in a healthy condition, and increasing rapidly in wealth and importance. The Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Air-line Railroad runs through the western part of Goshen. The freight received and forwarded by this road at and from Goshen, for the year ending February 28, 1867, was as follows: ELKHART COUNTY, INDIANA. 35 Received, 5,688,594 fts ; Revenue $18,988.74 Forwarded, 13,880,520 " " 29,738.51 Total, 19,569,114 " " 148,727.25 The mimber of passengers leaving, for the time stated, was 15,443, from whom was derived a revenue of $18,418.95. Of the freight shipped, one item consisted of about one million feet of black walnut lumber, nearly one-half of which was forwarded by- one concern. Hawks Bros. All this and much more ought to have been manufactured at home. The time is near at hand when such a waste of raw material wUl not be suffered. The Elkhart river, at Goshen, affords excellent and abundant water power. The Mechanical and Manufacturing Company are now improving this j)ower to its utmost capacity. A substantial dam, two hundred and fifty feet long, one mile above town, will cause nearly the whole of the river to flow through a splendid canal, sixty feet wide at the bottom, and one and a half miles in length. A fall of twenty feet is thus obtained, and many excellent mill sites with plenty of room secured. John W. Erwin, Esq., the engineer of the works, estimates the whole hydraulic power thus made available, to be sufficient for one hundred and fifty runs of stones. In point of durability, security and cheapness, this power is unsurpassed. The gentlemen actively engaged in the work are exhibiting a spirit and liberality which might well be imitated at some other localities. They know that talk will not build a dam, and hence they are investing about $100,000 ; they know also that in order to draw labor and capital from abroad, they must make known the attractions which they offer; therefore they advertise. Their engagements will all be kept ; they have not yet learned the art of repudiation. Goshen is substantially built, and, especially on the high ground toward its northern limits, presents some very beautiful sites for private residences. The valuation of property for taxable pur- poses, in 1866, was $715,847. It has two public schools ; seven churches ; two banks ; three hotels ; one flouring mill ; three agricultural implement factories ; one woolen factory ; one planing mill and spoke factory ; four wagon shops and one tannery. The Democrat and the Times are the papers published here, both of them respectable in size, handsomely printed and ably conducted. 36 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. MiDDLEBURY is Situated in a township bearing the same name, some five miles nearly south of the railroad. The Little Elkhart runs near by the town, and furnishes power for a flouring mill at no great distance. The situation is delightful. It is in the center of a rich and highly cultivated country, and enjoys quite a large trade. It is rural in its aspect in every particular. A railroad connection, now contemplated, is only required to render it a very desirable place for business or residence. The number of inhabit- ants is about five hundred. ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. The face of St. Joseph County, Indiana, is handsomely diver- sified, and is in every respect well adapted to all kinds of agri- cultural industry. The soil may be divided into four kinds, viz. : the light, sandy soil of the original oak openings, or barrens ; the black, sandy loam of the thick woods; the deep, vegetable mold of the prairies ; and the natural meadows or marshes. The former of these is quick, easily tilled, and is highly prized for the culture of fruit and for horticultm-al and gardening purposes. It readily responds to the application of fertilizers and to all the appliances of good husbandry. It is no more easily affected by drouth than the prairie or the thick woods ; and seldom suffers from excessive rains. The little labor and expense required to bring it from a state of nature under cultivation, secured for it the favorable notice of the early settlers of the county; and many of the first and best farms are located upon it. The densely wooded sections of the county, or as those localities are techni- cally called, the "thick woods," present a soil noted for its strength, certainty and durability. The original growth of the timber upon these lands has been the marvel of all observers ; and it has never failed to be a token of the great producing capa- bilities of the soil when cultivated in the ordinary crops of the farm. The prairies are Terre Coupee, Greene's, Portage, Harris and Sumption's. Terre Coupee is much the largest, being about nine miles long and an average of three in width. It is quite level and exceedingly fertile. The others are more rolling ; but none of 38 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. them diifer essentially from the ordinary prairies of the "West, excepting, perhaps, in the high state of cultivation to which care- ful management has brought them. The marshes are quite numer- ours, but none of them of much magnitude, except the celebrated Kankakee, which commences two miles from the St. Joseph river, near South Bend. It is but a few years since these lands began to be prized at something near their real value. At present, how- ever, under a proper system of drainage, they have become very desirable. In many localities the coarse marsh grass and useless weeds have given way to fields cultivated in wheat, corn or other crops, or to j)asture, or meadow lands thickly set in timothy or blue grass. The Kankakee marsh, or perhaps more properly, the Valley of the Kankakee, in particular, presents a remarkable illustration of the benefits of judicious drainage. Here, on four square miles of land, or about two thousand five hundred acres, there has been constructed over twenty miles of ditch, averaging eight feet in width by four feet in depth. These ditches have an average fall of about four feet to the mile. Three-quarters of this drainage is through the outlet of the Kankakee lake into the St. Joseph river, some two miles distant and more than forty feet below the surface of the lake and the surrounding country. Along here is the dividing line between the waters flowing into the St. Lawrence on the one hand and into the Gulf of Mexico on the other. Indeed, so equal is the poise here, that it is frequently impossible to tell in which direction the water is inclined to run when unobstructed or unassisted by art. Some years ago, it is said, the outlet of the Kankakee lake was by the way of the river of that name towards the south-west; and old Government maps make the head of the river in the lake. It is also asserted, uj)ou what seems to be abundant evidence, that by the breaking away of an old beaver dam, the waters of the lake were diverted to the St. Joseph and the lakes. The Kankakee river is a very sluggish, crooked stream, but susceptible of being deepened, widened and straightened at a comparatively small expense. This done, as it doubtless will be, at no distant day, and the system of drainage, now commenced, properly extended, and at least twenty thousand acres of land in this county will be reclaimed and made productive for all liurj^oses of hiisbandry. Even now, with slight improvements, these ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 39 natural meadows are capable of being used to great advantage for dairy purposes. The richness of the herbage; the entire exemption from the vicissitudes of drouth ; the moderate climate ; access to abundant and good water ; the low price at which the lands can be purchased and a certainty of a constant increase in their value offer inducements to enterprising dairymen and stock raisers seldom met with elsewhere. If western bound emigrants would give this section an examination they could scarcely fail to choose homesteads and sure fortunes in the midst of an old and desireable country rather than undergo the discomforts, dangers and even want, incident to a settlement in the far oif wilds, in the regions of sundown. A gentleman well acquainted with the dairy business of Herkimer county, New York, and with that portion of the Wes- tern Reserve, Ohio, known as Cheesedom, among other figures gives us the following estimate of the profits of a dairy farm on these lands : " One hundred and sixty acres of land will keep fifty cows. The land would cost about 115.00 per acre. 160 acres of land, at $15.00 per acre, is $2,400 50 cows, at $40.00 each 2,000 Buildings, fencing, etc., 1,000 Total outlay $5,400 The net profit for each cow per year has been proved to be not less than $70.00. Then say, 50 cows, first year at f 70.00, is ^3,500 50 " second year, at $70.00, is 3,500 Total $7,000 So that, if a man borrow money to begin with, in two years he could pay it all up and have left as follows : Cash on hand $1,600 Cows and improvements 3,000 Land, doubled in value 4,800 Total $9,400 Which last amount represents the clear profit for two years." 40 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. It is easy to double or quadruple this transaction with propor- tionately increased results. These figures show, at least, that the enterprising dairyman can find an almost unequaled field of labor on the Kankakee. But the value of the Kankakee lands is by no means measured by their adaptation to agricultural uses. It has been demonstrated beyond the shadow of a doubt, that they are overlaid with inexhaustible beds of the best peat in the world ! Here is an exemplification of that wonderful principle of compen- sation which seems to govern in the economy of nature. Immense praii'ies present to the eye neither tree nor shrub ; the forests of the West have been for years undei-going a process of exhaustion ; the extraordinary requirements of a new country and the demands of commerce, coupled with an almost inexcusable waste, have already occasioned reasonable fears that the time was approach- ing, in this section of the country, when even fuel would be an expensive luxury. Within the jDast ten or twelve years firewood has risen in our market more than two hundred per cent, in value, and even at the present prices, the consumption by our railroads and the rapidly increasing manufactories as well as the require- ments for ordinary domestic purposes, have increased these apprehensions. No coal fields are known to be accessible within a reasonable distance. But now all fears are ended. The valley of the Kankakee is ascertained to be a mine of useful wealth and capable of furnishing an inexhaustible supply of fuel at low prices. The following from LeaviWs Peat Journal is interesting in this connection : " There is one peat-bog in Indiana over sixty miles long, with an average width of three miles, extending from South Bend to the Illinois line, along both sides of the Kankakee river. It is possible, at small expense, to lower the bed of this river below the marsh, so as to drain the peat ten or fifteen feet deep. In places it is known to be over forty feet deep. The amount of fuel in this bog is perfectly incalculable, or rather incompi-ehensible, to any ordinary class of minds. South of the Kankakee, the peat- bogs between there and the Wabash are simply immense, and they are traversed by three railroads. " The only objection we ever heard to the prairie-marsh peat is that it is generally too light, porous, spongy ; too much of it undecomposed fibre of coarse grass and weeds to make good fuel ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 41 when dried. That objection is all obviated in just such peat when worked in a condensing machine. Numerous tests have been made with this class of peat from all the extreme Northwestern States, which prove that it is highly combustible, and leaves a very small per cent, of ash. It is the very material needed in all the prairie towns to make gas ; for that it is excellent." It might also have been observed that the northern portion of these peat deposits can be easily drained by cutting a channel into the St. Joseph river at South Bend. Indeed, nearly thirty years ago the late Alexis Coquillard constructed a mill race from the Kankakee river to the St. Joseph, and obtained a sufficient supply of water for two flouring mills and a saw mill, with over forty feet fall. When the dam was thrown across the river at South Bend, these mills were suffered to go into disuse, and finally to decay. For many years they have been out of existence or used for other purposes, and the race is now out of repair and in some places entirely filled up. Iron ore has been found in some parts of the county in such quantities as to afibrd hopes of a permanent supply; but it has already been exhausted and the smelting furnaces discontiuued. A good quality of brick clay is sufficiently abundant and conve- niently distributed. Both red and yellow brick are made, the latter of a color and quality closely resembling, and not' at all inferior to the celebrated Milwaukee brick. Rich marl deposits are found in many places on the margin and at the bottom of lakes and ponds. The marl is not only valuable as a fertilizer, but is manufactured to some extent into a fair article of lime. It is also said that quite extensive beds of silica of a very fine quality have been discovered. If this be the case, two important ingredients in the composition of glass are ready to the hand of the manufacturer. The county is well watered by fine springs, clear running streams and several ponds and lakes, and at almost every point the best of water is found by sinking wells from fifteen to twenty-five feet. The common school system of Indiana is by no means satisfac- tory to the friends of popular education. It has undergone im- provements, fx'om time to time, and a spirit seems to be abroad 4 42 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. ■which will undoubtedly soon ripen into a determination to place the State among the foremost in this regard. In some of the Germanic powers, we are told that education is not only entirely free, but that it is made obligatoiy upon parents to send their children to school, until a certain age, and that grave disabilities attach to the neglect of the advantages so generously provided. Probably a system of coercion and disabilities is too despotic ever to be adopted under our mild form of government, and that the end sought can be better attained by the stimulas of competi- tive rewards and popular approbation. However this may be, it is a proposition too plain to admit of serious argument that air and education should be equally pure and free to every minor of suffi- cient age in the State. No matter of what color, clime, condi- tion or sex, all should receive this earnest of the paternal care of a commonwealth, whose honor, power and value can best be preserved and perpetuated by the virtue and intelligence of the ever-rising generation. There are many good common school houses in the county, but as a general thing, the advantages they afford are entirely too intermittent, and in many cases may be said to be almost remittant. The common school should be the best school. It should be the poor man's college and the rich man's pride. Instead of being a convenient j^lace for the occa- sional restraint of unruly urchins, or an infirmaiy for pig-headed pedagogues, it should be the fountain of popular intelligence, the index of our civilization and the glory of our State. The public roads are generally good, but they still offer a wide margin for improvement. There was never but one plank road built within the bounds of the county, except a short one over Grapevine marsh, and that one has differed from other roads only in being much the worst and in the imposition of an exorbitant tax or toll for the privilege of being jolted over an impracticable causeway of decayed and broken plank. Some persons have been guilty of the technical ingratitude of " running" it, and have been subjected to suits at law in consequence ; few, however, have been so hopelessly insane as to attempt to run upon it. In the summer of 1832, the Great Michigan road, as it was and is still called, was cut through the county. This road reaches from Madison, on the Ohio river, to Michigan City, on lake Michigan, a distance of two hundred and fifty-eight miles. About the same K..' ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 43 time the Vistula road, running from Toledo (then Vistula) to South Bend, was put in traveling condition. The advent of these two great thoroughfares caused great rejoicing, and subsequently proved highly advantageous in the settlement of the county. They bore about the same relation to the ordinary facilities for locomotion in those days, that the first class railroad of to-day does to them. In May, 1832, the State road from Fort Wayne by the way of Goshen, to South Bend, was surveyed by George Crawford, under the directions of ]Srathan Coleman, James Blair and Samuel Martin, commissioners. The distance between the termini is seventy-six miles. The distance in this county is ten miles. In the same month a State road, starting at a point where the Michigan i*oad crosses Yellow Creek, by the way of Laporte to the mouth of Trail Creek, was lUid out by A. Burnside, com- missioner. Fifteen miles of this road were in the then county of St. Joseph. In 1834, the State road through Sumption's prairie to the west line of the State, was located. Mean time various county roads were laid out connecting many already thriving settlements with the county seat. Ferries were also established across the St. Joseph at South Bend. The first ferry license was granted to N. B. Grifleth, in September, 1831. It was located at the foot of Water street, where the bridge now stands ; and Mr. Grifieth was " required to keep a good and sufiicient flat or boat, to convey conveniently over said river two horses and a wagon at one time." In January, 1835, another ferry was established at the footof Market street, and license granted to Alexis Coquillard, who was "required to furnish a boat for said ferry to be at least forty-five feet long by twelve wide." The license fee for a ferry in those days was two dollars per annum. The Circuit Court records for 1833 show that Mr. Coquillard was endeavoring, by a suit at law, to abate the com- peting efibrts of Mr. Griffeth. The records also show the suit to have been a failure. The act for the formation of St. Joseph and Elkhart counties, approved Januai*y 29, 1830, bounds St. Joseph county as follows : "Beginning at range number two west from the second principal me- ridian of the State of Indiana on the northern line of the State ; thence running east to where range number three east intersects the 44 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. Stcate line ; thence south with the range line thirty miles ; thence west to range two west ; thence north to the place of beginning," Thomas J. Evans and Gillis McBane of Cass county, Daniel Worth of Randolph county, John Berry of Madison county, and John Ross of Fayette county, were appointed commissioners to locate the seat of justice. Section seven provides " that all the territory lying west of said county, to the State line be and the same is hereby attached to the said county of St. Joseph, for civil and criminal jurisdiction ; and the citizens residing within the bounds so included, shall be entitled to all the jDrivileges and immunities, and be subject to all the taxes, impositions and assessments of the citizens of St. Joseph." The bounds of the county have since been somewhat cii'cum- scribed, a part going into the composition of Marshall, and a part now belonging to Laporte county. The original south line fell a little below the town of Plymouth. The county is now bounded north by the State of Michigan, east by Elkhart county, south by Marshall county and west by Laporte county. It was organized the 27th of August, 1830. On that day, in pursuance of the act of the General Assembly, Adam Smith, Lambert McComb and Levi F. Arnold met at the house of Alexis Coquillard and having each presented his commission, as a justice of the peace, from James B. Ray, Governor of the State, took the oath of office before L. M. Taylor, clerk of the county. They then proceeded to elect Lambert McComb president of the board, and St. Joseph county had a legal existence. The first order of the board appointed John D. Lasly county treasurer. Samuel Hanna & Co. and the American Fur Company were each ordered to pay into the county treasury the sum of ten dollars for a license to sell foreign merchandise. Panels of grand and petit jurors were draAvn to serve at the term of the circuit court to be held in the following November. It is, however, a matter of doubt whether this court was ever held. Mr. Thomas L. Cotterell, now living at South Bend and who was then sheriff, has an indistinct recollection that it was. He thinks at least one of the county judges was present, that court was duly opened in the woods near the bank of the river, below Water street, and immediately adjourned. Other j)ersons remember to have been present at ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA, 45 some time, about that date, when a court was held by county judges ; but the first court of which there is any record and at which there was a presiding judge, was held at South Bend, on the 29th day of October, 1832, by Hon. John R. Porter, presi- dent judge of the first judicial circuit, to which the county was then attached. It lasted but for one day, and was held in the bar room of Calvin Lilley's hotel, tVen standing on Michigan street, on the lot now occupied by Mes^-s. Russ & Ireland. The old building is now in existence and is used by Studebeker Bros, on JeflTerson street, as a ware room. Daniel A. Fullerton was sheriff, and Lathrop M. Taylor clerk. Jonathan A. Listen, Elisha Egbert, A. Ingram, Thomas B. Brown, William M. Jenners and C. K. Green were admitted to practice at the bar. The first case recorded in the order book seems to be an illustration of the lines of the poet — " 'Twas the ominous month of October, How the memories rise in my soul ! How they swell like a sea, in my soul ! " It was Redding vs. Redding — petition for a divorce, and was the pioneer case of other thousands which have come after it, bringing an immensity of happiness in their train ! An order was made to publish notice of the pendency of the suit in the St. Joseph Beacon. It is pleasant to be able to state that at the next term of the court, Mr. Redding got a bill of divorce from Mrs. Redding, in considera- tion of which he was ordered to pay the cost of suit in sixty days, or stand the hazard of an attachment. The third case presents Elisha Egbert against Jacob Hardman, in "case for libel." The plaintiff was sent out of court for want of a declaration, and J. A. Listen, attorney for defendant, says : " Received my docket fee." The first criminal case shows Sarah McLelland as respond- ent, and the lady being interrogated as to how she would acquit herself of the charge of selling spiritous liquors to the Indians, owned up to the " soft impeachment," and paid five dollars for her indiscretion. The record of the term closes with the following entry: " The grand jury empanneled to enquire into the body of St. Joseph county, do report, that they have examined the jail of said county, and do find in said jail one prisoner; and farther do find 46 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. said jail insufficient and uncomfortable. George Holloway, Fore- man." Since then the judges for the judicial circuit to which St. Joseph has been attached, have been Gustavus A. Everts, Samuel C, Sample, Ebenezer G. Chamberlain, Thomas S. Stanfield and Andrew G. Osborn, the latter being the present incumbent. Judges Sample and Chamberlain are deceased. The first conviction for a felony was at a special term of the circuit court, held January 1, 1835, when Alexis Provoncelle was found guilty of burglary, and sent to State prison for three years. This Provoncelle seems to have been a troublesome fellow, for at the November term of the commissioner's court, in 1834, Adam G. Polk was allowed seven dollars for arresting and bringing him from Laporte, and Jennings & Bailey two dollars for " making and repairing handcuffs and fetters for Provoncelle." The county contains four hundred and sixty-three square miles, or two hundred and ninety-five thousand three hundred and twenty acres of land, about two-thirds of which is under improve- ment. It is divided into thirteen townships, the population of which in 1860, was as follows : Portage 4,374 Penn 3,752 German 786 Warren 734 Olive , 1,450 Liberty and Lincoln 1,756 Green 960 Center 725 Union 1,461 Harris 349 Clay 914 Madison 1,156 Total for county 18,411 The rate of increase from 1840 to 1860, was for each decade, eighty-four per cent. Taking that as the basis of calculation since 1860, and the population now should be 29,305, and the census of 1870 should show a total of 33,957. These figures are probably very nearly correct. There are twelve cities and villages in the county, viz : South Bend, Mishawaka, New Carlisle, Plainfield, Terre Coupee, ST, JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 47 "Weesaw, North Liberty, Walkerton, "West Troy, Oceola, Lake- ville and Woodland. It is, perhaps, safe to say that some of them are not very large: but the aggregated testimony of citizens from each is to the effect that all are likely to become imj)ortant towns. The first steamboat arrived at South Bend in the spring of 1834. She was propelled by a stern wheel, and was called the Matilda Barney. She was hailed with great rejoicings and her advent celebrated with numerous and full-sized libations of red-eye and tangle-leg decoctions. By an act of the General Assembly of the State, approved January 19th, 1831, the boards of the justices of the peace, in whom the government of counties had previously been vested, were abolished, and the election of three commissioners in each county provided for. An election was accordingly held in the summer of 1831, and Aaron Staunton, David Miller and Joseph Korer were chosen as commissioners for St. Joseph county. On the 5th of September, the latter two met at the house of Alexis Coquillard, and proceeded to transact county business. Mr. Staunton took his seat the following day. In May, 1830, the commissioners appointed by the General Assembly met, and located the county seat on the " McCartney Farm," then owned by William Brookfield, about two miles below South Bend. The recorded plot, done in very pretty water colors, announced itself to be " a correct diagram of the county seat called St. Joseph." Each of the Commissioners was honored by having his name given to a street — an honor which, however brilliant in anticipation, has only been realized in successive crops of corn, cabbages and other vegetables, which form the staple productions of the once hopeful county town and embryo city. The town plot of St. Joseph has never been vacated. Its public squares, its corner lots and its magnificent " Broadway," one hundred and twenty-three feet wide, and three-quarters of a mile long, remain to-day very much as the hand of nature left them, illustrating, in their solitude, the moral that " The best laid schemes o' mice an' men Gang aft agley." Absolom Holcomb, William M. Hood, Chester Sage and John Jackson, having been appointed by the General Assembly com- 48 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. missioners to re-locate the county seat, met on the 12tli day of May, 1831, and were of opinion that the public interest required its removal to South Bend, where they accordingly established it. February 7th, 1832, Peter Johnson entered into a contract with the county, to build and enclose a court house, for |3,000. The building was accepted by the commissioners in September of the following year. It was not, however, completed until the summer of 1837. In 1854 it was taken down to make way for the present beautiful structure which adorns the city of South Bend. The first probate court was held at the house of Calvin Lilly, by John Banker and Chapel W. Brown, associate judges, on the 5th day of January, 1832. The following February James P. Antrim, the first probate judge, appeared and took his seat. The duplicate for 1840 shows the tax levy to be $3,038.89. The population that year was 6,425. In 1866 the levy was $92,136.25, and the population about 28,000. In the latter year the valuation of property for taxable purposes was Eeal Estate, $4,923,305 Personal Property, 2,750,300 Total, $7,673,605 The true valuation of the property of the county would, how- ever, show an amount more than double the above ; probably not less than $18,000,000. It will, therefore, be seen that the taxes are but little more than nominal. In the winter of 1845 a community, suggested, probably, by the system of economics elaborated by the French philosopher, Charles Fourier, was established oh the "McCartney Farm," before mentioned, and about two miles below South Bend. It was a joint stock company, incorj^orated by the name of the "Philadelphia Industrial Association." Its objects were econom- ical and social. Its operations continued about two years. Hon. Wm. C. Talcott, of Valparaiso, Indiana, favors us with the following reminiscences in relation to it: " I think old Mr. McCartney was the first president, and I was secretary, during almost its entire existence. It was chiefly through my influence that the association was formed and managed. There were, probably, more than a hundred persons. ST. JOSEPH COUKTY, INDIANA. 49 old and young, connected with us, from first to last ; but I should not think more than about seventy living on the premises at once. During a part of the time they ate at a common table. * * * The main cause of their dissolution, I have- ever believed, was that Mr. McCartney violated his promise to invest his whole tract of land ; and after we were fully organized and on the ground ready to receive the title and use the land, he withheld all of the valuable and available portion, and turned us ofi" with the broken, marshy land, lying between the road and the river, at twenty dollars per acre, the appraised price of the entire tract." The cause of the failure, " in a nut shell," was probably this : McCartney, with his natural shrewdness, if that is the proper term, encouraged and co-operated with the association for the purpose of getting his land cleared up and improved for nothing. He succeeded, but the association did not. The early history of St. Joseph county was, according to the relation of the old settlers who now survive, checkered by those vicissitudes common to the settlement of all new countries. There was little capital and less conveniences. Roads were few and far between. Schools, churches and other appliances and promoters of civilization were rare, yet highly prized and eagerly sought. Fevers of untold types and multifarious phases swelled the aggregate of miseries and brought many a robust settler to an early grave. Indians and doctors were almost equally abundant ; and even lawyers, not in pairs, but in packs, came poking their angular faces into the most promising settlements of this incipient Eden. Speculators swarmed in land oflBces, made paper towns, " played out," and left wiser and poorer if not better than they came. To illustrate something of this we give a brief outline of the adventui-es and misadventures of one or two of the early settlers of this county. The pictures, with slight variation, will find a counterpart in every section of the country. Abraham R. Harper left his old home in Myerstown, Lebanon county, Pennsylvania, October 1, 1835, to seek a location in the new country. He took the stage for Pittsburgh, and from there, on the new steamer Pocahontas, went to Natchez. Bound for Natchetoches, he remained at the mouth of Red river, waiting for a boat, six days. The hotel he staid at was fifteen by twenty feet, and set on blocks six feet high to keep it out of the water. About 50 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. fifteen Indians were in the attic and some five hundred negroes outside, all waiting to go up the river. Here, for the first time he saw the beauties of the "peculiar institution," and took his first degree in anti-slavery doctrine. He landed at Natchetoches Sunday afternoon, and saw about five hundred gamblers hard at work at their usual vocation. There he staid a week, in which time two men were murdered and many more robbed. He then went, via New Orleans, to St. Louis, thence to Pittsburgh, and again over the mountains by stage, arriving at home about the middle of January, 1836. He started a second time, about the first of April, in company with some fifteen other voyagers, by stage to Pittsburgh. Thence, by steamer, the party went to St. Louis. All took deck passage, and some being short of money helped wood to pay part of their expenses. From St. Louis they came by steamer to Beardstown, and thence walked to Peoria, from which latter place Mr. Harper came, via Chicago, by stage to South Bend, where he arrived about the first of May. Here he decided to settle, and immediately ordered $10,000 worth of goods from Philadelphia. The goods were shipped on board the barge Detroit from Buflfalo, the first of June, and this was the last he heard from them until the last of September. Going in pursuit of his goods, Mr. Harper stopped a few days at Michigan City, and then walked to Chicago, on the beach of the lake. Just as he arrived at Chicago his goods came in, and in six days he got them shipped on the schooner Sea Serpent and sailed for Michigan City. Before he had been out two hours a terrible storm came on, and the vessel made for St. Joseph, where it finally arrived in safety. In two days thereafter they made sail again for Michigan City, where they soon arrived, the weather being fine ; but in half an hour after landing, another storm commenced, and drove all the vessels in that port ashore. In the morning he found the vessel containing his goods beached and all the crew gone. He took charge of the craft himself, and got out all his dry goods. That night another storm drove the vessel into the mouth of Trail creek, and all the groceries were lost. He had the damages assessed, and commenced drying the goods on the sand hills. By the time that labor was completed, another shipment of about the value of 110,000 arrived, and he sent the whole, by teams, to ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 61 South Bend, where he commenced business about the first of November, 1836, five months after his first shipment from Buflfalo. On the morning of July 4th, 1836, while waiting for his goods, Mr. H. started on foot for Lafayette. By three o'clock he was at Judge Polk's house on the Tippecanoe river. Next morniitg he took breakfast at Logansport, and beat the stage into Lafayette. He was on a business tour, taking orders for goods, and this is a specimen of " drumming " in those days. Some things have changed since then. The reign of wild cat money was in 1836-7. The "sickly season" was 1838. The crops failed in 1839, and in 1840 was the great panic, at which time Harper, Smith & Co. had over $40,000 standing out, which was probably more than twice as much as all the money in the county. Mr. H. moved back to Pennsylvania some twelve years ago. John H. Harper left Hanover, Lebanon coimty, Pa., on the first day of May, 1837, and, traveling with his own conveyance, arrived at South Bend in twenty-three days. The journey can now be made in twenty-four hours. He was one of the fourth generation of the same name who had lived on the same place, known as "Harper's Place," for one hundred and forty years. He was one of the firm of Harper, Smith & Co., and was intimately connected with many of the early improvements of the county. He has been much in public life, and still resides at South Bend, an honored citizen and a genial gentleman. Such was life in those days, and such are some of the incidents of the past generation, in St. Joseph county. We have undertaken to present only gleanings — "here a little, and there a little" — a mere skeleton of what ought to be written. Some may gain a few moment's satisfaction from the perusal — others may skip it if they please. MisHAWAKA. — In July, 1833, A. M. Hurd laid out and platted the village of " St. Joseph Iron Works," about four miles above South Bend, on the south bank of the St. Joseph river. On the first day of January, 1835, an election was held, and the following village trustees were elected, viz. : James White, John J. Deming, Samuel Stancliff, Henry DeCamp and Alexander Sanderlands. This was the first village organization in the county. 52 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. In June, 1836, Joseph Bartell, James R. Lawrence and Grove Lawrence laid out the town of " Indiana City," situated on the north side of the river, opposite St. Joseph Iron Works. The plat of this town shows a race of extraordinary length, but, like a line !n mathematics, it had length without breadth or thickness — it was never excavated. At what time or under what circum- stances these two towns became incorporated under the present name of Mishawaka, is a matter upon which " commentators do not agree." The fact is, however, undisputed that all the territory embraced in them, and much more, is now comprised within the beautiful town of Mishawaka. Mr. Merrifield, in his excellent reminiscences, published several years ago, says that " Mr. Terrington, the intelligent clerk of Mr. Hurd, had sufficient taste to appreciate the superior beauty and adaptation of the Indian name; and when, the next year, an effoi't was made to get a post office established here, it was at his suggestion that it was called Mishawaka. By an amendment of the act of incorporation, this afterwards became the legal name of the town." This may account for the change of name of St. Joseph Iron Works, but how came Indiana City combined with it ? The Indian word Mishawaka is said to signify " swift water ;" but by some it is said to mean " thick-woods rapids." Either interpretation would be descriptive of the location. The town is situated on both banks of the St. Joseph, within about a mile of the most southern point of that river. The site is one of very great natural beauty, and art and taste have added largely to its original loveliness. On the south side there is a gentle upward slope from the river bank, far off beyond the limits of the town. Here, embowered beneath a profusion of natural and cultivated trees, shrubbery and flowers, is built the main portion of Mishawaka. On the opposite side the banks are more precipitous, forming a high table of land, seemingly designed by nature for its present uses. In 1833, A. M. Hurd commenced building a blast furnace, which was completed and put in successful operation the following year. The population at the end of 1833 was about one hundred. There was no ferry, but there was an excellent ford near where the dam is now located. On the 22d day of January, 1835 the "St. Joseph Iron Com- ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 53 pany was incorporated, and immediately began building a dam across the river, which was completed in the summer of 1836. This was the first dam ever built across the St, Joseph, and it stands to-day as solid and firm as at the moment of its completion, a monument to the sagacity and ability of its builders. A. M. Hurd, John J. Deming and John H. Orr were the corporators and active men in this company. Judge Deming was born in Vermont, had been a school teacher, possessed a good, cultivated and refined intellect, and contributed largely to the social advance- ment of the town. He died several years ago in California. Mr. Orr was an Englishman, educated and capable, and just such a man as any place ought to be proud of He now lives in Cleve- land, Ohio. Mr. Hurd was originally from New York, lived some time at Detroit, and was an excellent business man and a good citizen. He still survives. The St. Joseph Iron Company con- tinued to operate their blast furnaces until 1856, when the supply of ore failed. They also established a foundry, and put in opera- tion other machinery, which has been of incalculable benefit to the place. They still own a large share of the hydraulic power, and are also engaged in trading and manufacturing on a very liberal scale. It is now controlled by John Niles, Esq., his son Henry G. Niles, Oliver T. Niles, and Allan Sisson. The hydraulic power at this place is unsurpassed at any point on the river, and the facilities for erecting mills are most excellent. The town is situated upon the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad, and is easily accessible from east or west. The Peninsular road, from Port Huron to Chicago, will soon pass through the town. The surrounding country is one of extraordi- nary fertility, and the healthfulness of the place is undisputed. The St. Joseph Iron Company have still a large amount of power to dispose of at reasonable rates and on easy terms. In early times there was great rivalry between Mishawaka and South Bend. They were less than four miles apart, and the advantages which they offered differed very slightly, except that the latter had the honor of being the county seat. The bitterness of those days has, however, subsided, and it is now seen that the interests of the two places are identicah Before many years the thriving borders of the two towns will meet, and it is not at all improbable that, in the course of time, they will be joined in one 64 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. municipality. Already a street railroad is contemplated between the two places. Not only was the first dam across the St. Joseph built at Misha- waka, but, if we except the territorial ones at Mottville and Bertrand, the first bridge, also. As early as 1837 the enterprising citizens, by subscription, erected a substantial structure across the river, which has since given way to the present one. Many years ago the steamboat Diamond was wrecked by running against a pier of this bridge, and one life was lost. Perhaps the cylinder of the engine of this boat was the one made classic by Hon. H. H. Riley, in his Puddleford Papers. At the close of 1837 the popu- lation had reached about one thousand. In 1839 the first flouring mill was erected, with two runs of stones. In 1842 there were six runs of stones in operation, with a daily capacity of two hundred barrels of flour. Now there are thi-ee mills with fourteen runs of stone, and a daily capacity of over five hundred barrels of flour. They are as follows : Mishawaka Mills, A. B. Judson & Co 5 runs of stones. Ripple Mills, A. Cass & Co 5 " " St. Joseph Mills, Kuhn & Brother 4 " The quality of flour made at these mills is most excellent, stand- ing at all times at the very top of the market. In 1865, 30,436 barrels of flour were shipped east by railroad from Mishawaka. A very large quantity also went west. The freight received and forwarded at and from Mishawaka, for the year ending February 28, 1867, by railroad, was as follows : Received, 7,318,503 lbs ; Revenue, $15,675.57 Forwarded, 10,518,459 " " 23,587.22 No. passengers leaving 6,944 " 8,159.45 Total earnings for the year $47,423.24 The excess of outgoing over incoming freight is a circumstance which indicates a healthy industrial condition. The river at Mishawaka is about one hundred yards wide, and the fall over the dam is eight feet. The natural fall at these rapids, in a distance of but a few rods, has been ascertained by actual measurement to be two feet and nine inches. The race on the south side is about four hundred yards in length ; and the one ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 55 on tlie north side over two hundred yards. On either side there is opportunity for an almost indefinite extension and there is at all times, an abundance of water for all conceivable purposes. Indeed, but a very small portion of this valuable power has, as yet, been appropriated. The manufactories are, however, gradu- ally and successfully increasing. There are now in operation three flouring mills, two saw mills, four wagon factories, four furniture factories, one agricultural implement factory, two ax and edge tool factories, one woolen factory, five barrel factories, one basket factory, and one sash, blind and door factory. The mam- moth wagon factory of Messrs. Geo. Milburn & Co., is worthy of particular notice. The products of this establishment are sold all the way from lake Erie to the Rio Grande. It gives employment to about one hundred hands, and the value of wagons, carriages, etc., turned out is nearly |150,000 per annum. Judson, Montgom- ery & Co. have here the largest furniture factory in the State of Indiana. The main building is forty by one hundred and eighty feet and three stories high. They have besides three large ware- houses. At present they give employment to seventy hands, and will soon increase the number to over one hundred. They use over a million and a half feet of lumber in a year and have con- stantly on hand and seasoning about two million feet. Last year they made over sixteen thousand bedsteads, and this is only one item. Messrs, Martin, and Bless, Kena & Co. have large furni- ture establishments and are doing a thriving and increasing business. The St. Joseph Iron Company has long stood among the foremost manufactories of the West in the line of agricultural implements. Its annual products amount in value to about $150,000. The value of manufactured products for the past year, is esti- mated as follows : Flouring Mills, shipped and custom work $500,000 Wagons and Carriages 200,000 Furniture 240,000 Saw Mills 25,000 Sash, Doors and Blinds 25,000 Agricultural Implements 150,000 Axes and Edge Tools 30,000 Barrels 20,000 Miscellaneous 120,000 Total $1,310,000 56 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. The population of the town was in 1860, according to the census returns, 1,486. Careful and competent judges estimate it at the present time at 3,000 at least. There has been more interest taken in public schools here than in any other part of the county, and with good success. The first school house was built in 1834, and Miss Sheldon of White Pigeon, was the first teacher. There is now, however, great need of an educational institution of a high order, a need which can, perhaps, be best supplied by improved, if not perfected public schools. The enterprising and progressive people of Mishawaka are not the ones to suffer long a want which can be supplied, and it may be safely predicted that all requisite intellectual advantages will soon be afforded. In 1841, Wilbur F. Storey issued the Mishawaka Tocsin, the the first newspaper published here. It was edited and published by himself Mr. Storey has since made his mark in the world as a journalist. He was for several years at the head of the Detroit Free Press, and has been for a long time, and now is, the able conductor of the Chicago Times. At the end of the first year the Tocsin was purchased by George Merrifield, who continued it until 1845, when it was sold to Thomas Jernigan, and removed to South Bend. In 1846, S. P. Hart started the Mishawaha Bee, which, after being published about two years, was discontinued. The Free Press was issued by D. C. Ireland, in 1853, and continued by him for two years, when he sold out to L. A. Elliot. Mr. Ireland now resides in Oregon City, and is editor of a paper there. Mr. Elliot is dead. Mr. Elliot changed the name to Mishawaka Enterprise, and, after publishing it for nearly two years, sold it to Mr. Archibald Beal, who is at present one of the editors of the St. Joseph Valley Pegisteml South Bend. In 1865, the Enterprise passed into the hands of N. V. Brower, by whom it is now successfully and ably conducted. There was, several years ago, published by P. T. Russell, for a short time a religious paper called the Investigator. It advocated the peculiar views of the Christian denomination. South Bend. — The city of South Bend is situated on both banks of the river, in Portage township, near a point where the ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 57 St. Joseph suddenly turns from a nearly west course and stretches away with a rapid current, northward, into the State of Michigan. The site of the city is extremely picturesque and beautiful. On the west bank of the river an abrupt bluff rises to the height of some forty feet, thence, for a distance varying from one-fourth to three-quarters of a mile, extends a beautiful table of gravelly land, eminently fitted for purposes of building. Then ensues another elevation, of some ten or twelve feet, with a succession of fine, dry and eligible building ground. This is the old town of South Bend. The location is elevated and commanding, and the character of the soil and the excellent facilities for perfect drain- age, are a perpetual guarantee of healthy and attractive places of residence, and dry, hard and durable thoroughfares for locomo- tion. The rich, sandy loam, of which the soil is composed, forms abundant nutriment for the healthy and rapid growth of innumerable shade and ornamental trees, indigenous to the locality, among which may be mentioned the sugar and silver maple, the elm, the sycamore, the walnut, and the oak ; while gardens are filled with thrifty apple, pear, peach, plum, cherry and quince trees, and an abundance of the smaller fruits. The streets are wide and regular, crossing each other at right angles, and at convenient intervals. The grades are uniform, with a sufficient fall toward the river to secure perfect drainage and afford a never- failing auxiliary to the natural healthiulness of the place. The business houses are caj)acious and convenient, while many of them, by their imposing appearance, impart a metropolitan air to the city. The private residences, many of which are of brick, are generally neat and tasteful, and frequently illustrate some of the most modern and artistic achievements in architectm-e. On the east side a wide and rich bottom stretches away from the margin of the river, with a gentle aclivity, until it is lost in the romantic hillsides bordering upon the domain of Notre Dame du Lac. This, until recently, was the village of Lowell. It is now a part of the city. Through the bottom, and sufficiently elevated to be secure from inundations, runs a capacious race, affording a large number of excellent mill sites and abundant hydraulic power. Here are also many fine business localities and desirable lots for private dwellings. The time cannot be far 5 58 GAZETTEBR OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. distant when this now sparsely settled delta will be the industrial center, not only of the city, but of Northern Indiana. Nature has here been lavish of those advantages which only require the developing hand of human enterprise to yield rich and sure returns. Here the whole machinery of Lowell or Lawrence might be driven without intermission, and still there would be power left for new comers and new enterprises — not amoqg the rugged hills and rocky mountains of New England, where the chief "agricultural productions " are school houses and men, but in the very lap of luxuriance and plenty, and at the doorway of the capacious market of the great West. But, from the very general description thus given, the man of business can gather very little which will be j)ractically import- ant to him. For all purposes of an ordinary county seat or post town it might suffice ; but South Bend claims to be something more — to be at least the vigorous and promising beginning of a large and important manufacturing and business city — not only the trading center of a rich and fast developing county, but a point of unusual facilities in the direct channel of a never-ceasing stream of immigration. We, therefore, leave " glittering gene- ralities " and proceed to the consideration of particulars. The first white settlement at South Bend was made by Alexis Coquillard, in the spring of 1824. This was also the first in the county. Mr. Coquillard was an Indian trader and agent for the North American Fur Company, then actively managed by John Jacob Astor. He was a Frenchman, born in Montreal, which place he left at an early age, and spent most of his active life among the Indians. He was a man of powerful frame, active temperament and genial disposition. As a business man he was enterprising, energetic and generally successful. His relation of the early events in this country was graphic and exceedingly interesting. He was a great favorite with the Indians, who once elected him a chief, and over whom he had an extraordinary influence. He was accidentally killed by a fall, in January, 1855, at the age of about sixty. Lathrop M. Taylor settled here in September, 1827. He was also an Indian trader, and agent for the firm of Samuel Hanna & Co., of Fort Wayne. He was the first clerk of the county, has, for forty years, mixed actively in all the events that make an ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 59 interesting history, and still survives, hale and hearty, to relate his varied experiences. In the same year several settlers came in who are yet living, among whom was Samuel L. Cotterell, the first sheriif. The town was laid out and platted the 28th of March, 1831, by Coquillard and Taylor. The first charter election was held October 3d, 1835, at which time William P. Howe, Horatio Chapin, Peter Johnson, John Massey and James A. Mann were elected trustees. The village organization was abandoned in 1837, but in 1845, when the small pox was so prevalent that unusual sanitary precautions and police regulations became imperative, it was revived. In May, 1865, an organization under a city charter was effected, by the election of William G. George, Esq., as Mayor, and Wm. Miller, John Klingle, first ward ; Thos. S. Stanfield, Hon. William Miller, second ward; Israel Sweet and John Gallagher, third ward, councilmen. Since then the village of Lowell has been incorporated with the city, and forms the fourth ward. The population of South Bend, including the late village of Lowell, was, in 1840, according to the census of that year, 728; in 1850, it was 1,653 ; and in 1860 it had reached 3,832. A recent l^ublication recklessly and foolishly puts the present number at 9,750, which is about 2,000 too much. A liberal and fair estimate results in about 7,750, which is probably within bounds and not far from exact. At the present rate of increase, and with the unusual inducements for men of capital, business or leisure to settle here, it is quite safe to say that the census of 1870 will show a population of over 10,000. In 1842 the South Bend Manufacturing Company was chartered, and in the following year the company built a substantial dam across the St. Joseph river, which affords an abundant and almost exhaustless hydraulic power, and which has contributed largely toward the permanent prosperity of the place. The first determined effort at utilizing the great water power afibrded by the St. Joseph, at South Bend, was made by Joseph Fellows, Garrett V. Dennison, Thomas W. Alcott, James McKown, William J. Worth, and John Van Buren, all of the State of New York. Most of these men will be recognized as having figured largely in public life ; Judge McKown, General 60 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. Worth and John Van Buren, especially, have since been widely- known. They purchased the land in 1835. In 1837 they laid out a town opposite South Bend, which was called Dennison. It was afterwards called Lowell, and now forms part of the city of South Bend, as before observed. They commenced digging a race, and had a large amount of timber in readiness tor building head gates, locks, &c., when the scheme suddenly collapsed, and the jjroject was abandoned. Alexis Coquillard afterwards came into posses- sion of the premises, and he made large improvements on the race. It is now owned by the South Bend Hydraulic Company, a corporation with a capital of $100,000, composed of live men who are now engaged in enlarging the capacity of the power and perfecting it for an almost unlimited use. This company has a right to the use of one-half the water flowing in the river, which is equivalent, at a very moderate estimate, to a sixty-horse power for one hundred water wheels. They have a race five hundi'ed yards in length, and it is now in process of improvement. When completed it will be one thousand yards long, one hundred feet wide, and seven feet deep. The fall of the river, over the dam, is eight feet on the west side and nine feet on the east side. The fall from the head to the mouth of the race is twenty-eight inches. Such a hydraulic power in New England would ensure the build- ing of a city of fifty thousand inhabitants in two years. It would set the capitalists of Boston half crazy in an hour; and agitate the "hub of creation" to the extremity of every spoke. But when it is considered that here this power is, in reality and for every practical purpose, worth one hundred per cent, more than it would be if located in any part of New England, who can compute its value ? But when we go further and state the fact, which exists to-day, that this is but one-half of the power now in perpetual motion at South Bend, and the additional one that for a distance of more than one hundred and fifty miles, the St. Josej^h is competent to duplicate the whole of it every five miles, the senses are astounded, and every attemj^t at computation becomes not only futile but farcical. It requires no effort of the imagina- tion, but only the exercise of those more sober and reflective faculties which enter into the mental comj^osition of the success- ful business man, to see that the time is approaching — that it is now almost here — when this valley must and will be an industrial ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 61 bee hive, unsurpassed on the continent of America. The South Bend Hydraulic Comj^any are now prepared to lease or sell, on the most favorable tei'ras, a large j)ortion of this power to persons desirous of availing themselves of its great advantages. On another page of this work will be found their views and proposals in detail. One-half of this immense power is owned by the South Bend Manufacturing Company, alluded to above. Their race extends over one thousand feet, on the west side of the river, and every water lot upon it, but two or three, is already occupied. Right there, under the hill, in those unpretending mills and factories, lie the main-springs of the prosperity of this infant city. Wars may come, the elements may be unpropitious, crops may fail — no matter ! The prosperity of the city is not retarded. The hum of industry goes on. Labor reaps its full reward ; capital is safely employed and richly remunerated, and wealth, with all its comforts and blessings, pours in, in an uninterrupted stream. An idea of the general business of the city may be gathered, to some extent, by inspecting the advertisements contained in this book. It may be noticed, however, that all the business firms are not represented. There are three classes which do not advertise: 1st, the oldest settlers, who are generally well known and already rich ; 2d, those so poor that they cannot pay for an advertisement ; 3d, those who have too little enterprise and who are, withal, too mean to pay for a little publicity. Something of the , magnitude of the manufacturing interests here is rejj»resented in the facts and figures following : There are in operati(>n three flouring mills ; four wagon and carriage factories; three furniture factories; three saw mills; two sash, blind and door factories ; one pump factory ; one chair factory ; two tanneries ; one mattress factory ; one woolen factory ; six barrel factories; one clover- thresher factory; one seed drill factory, and one agricultural implement factory. The following table shows the value of the products of these diflTerent branches of industry for the year 1866 : 62 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. Flouring Mills (shipping and custom work) $600,000 Wagons and Carriages, 310,000 Furniture, 220,000 Saw Mills, 25,000 Sashes, blinds and doors, 55,000 Agricultural Implements, 205,000 Hubs, spokes and felloes, 45,000 Pumps, 10,000 Chairs, 35,000 Tanneries, 50,000 Mattress and Woolen goods, 55,000 Barrels, 25,000 Clover Threshers, 75,000 Clothing, Boots and Shoes, &c., 200,000 $1,910,000 All branches of manufacture are in a healtliy condition. The demand for all articles produced more than equals the supply. Sales are easily made, and with little outlay for commissions. Wages are liberal and promptly paid. Living is cheap, and operatives, as well as employers, are thriving and independent. The report of the Michigan Southern and Nortiieru Indiana Railroad Company, for the year ending February 2Sth, 1867, gives the amount of freight received and forwarded at this point, with the revenue derived therefrom, as follows : Freight received, 13,320,269 lbs ; Revenue, $29,769.53 Freight forwarded, .... 13,346,972 " " 28,635.64 Total, 26,667,241 " $58,405.17 The singular uniformity in the amount of incoming and outgoing freight, and the revenue derived therefrom, will be noticed. The revenue derived from passengers leaving South Bend, by this road, for the year, is $34,100.57, being exceeded in amount by only each of four stations on the whole line, viz.: Chicago, Toledo, Detroit and Adrian, all termini of roads. It may not already have escaped the notice of the intelligent reader that if, in the course of thne, the whole hydraulic power of the St. Joseph at South Bend should be exhausted, in driving the machinery which enterprise, capital and labor will set in motion, a very large additional power is easily available from the ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIAlifA. 63 Kankakee river. A comparatively small outlay of means would bi'ing from that source a current of water which, with the great fall of between forty and fifty feet, would move a large amount of machinery. The feasibility of such an enterprise was tested and proved by Mr. Coquillard, at an early day, as elsewhere stated. The time is approaching when the city will require a supply of pure water over and beyond that now obtained from wells. The Kankakee lake is at hand, with its abundant stores, which, at a moderate expense, can be made to flow into every household ; or, if thought preferable, water can be forced from the St. Joseph to an elevated distributing reservoir. The city, with commendable forecast, has already secured water power sufficient for such an emergency, which will be used at an early day. South Bend was a railroad station long before the Northern Indiana road was seriously thought of. The road which ran through it was called, in a metaphorical way, " the underground railroad ;" not because it was a sort of miraculous tunnel beneath the soil, but on account of the fact that although the trains were known to be frequent, very few persons ever saw them. The enterprising managers were singularly nocturnal in their habits, and a large proportion of the passengers appeared to have been born under the rule of the " ebon throne." It was liberally patronized, but the dividends to stockholders were " few and far between." It is said, however, that a large amount is placed to their credit in a divinely chartered savings bank, where moth doth not corrupt, and where thieves do not break through and steal. Its operations were carried on, it must be confessed, in opposition to law — that is to say, the fugitive slave law ; and, if slavery should turn out, after all, to have been a divine institution, as many contend it will, then it must be conceded that it defied "God, man and the devil." At any rate, its business was large, if not profitable ; and, although the dividends were small, the assessments were sometimes frightfully large. One fine morning the booming of cannon was heard in Charleston harbor in South Carolina ; and at the same moment this railroad vanished, like the gossamer web of the fairies at the crowing of the cock. As Byron died, according to the pious Pollock, because there was no more to drink, so this extraordinary institution became defunct on account of the sudden falliog ofi" of that peculiar traffic which 64 GAZETTEEE OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. gave it vitality. South Bend has, however, had her experiences in the business ; whether they were sweet or bitter is a question which may be safely left to the determination of individual tastes. As a matter of history, something of these experiences should be here chronicled. John Norris, of Boone county, Kentucky, claimed to be the owner of David Powell, his wife and four children, all of African descent, but not then exactly our fellow-citizens. These persons had been passengers on the " underground railroad," and had located in Cass county, Michigan. After searching Southern Indiana for about two months, Norris, in the middle of a September night, in 1849, with a party of eight men, forcibly broke into Powell's house, and, drawing 2:)istols and knives, compelled the wife and three children to follow him. Hurrying them off, bound with cords, they placed them in covered wagons and started for Kentucky. Alarm was soon given and pursuit commenced. They were overtaken at South Bend, about thirty miles from where they started. A writ of habeas corpus was sued out, and the parties were discharged by Hon. Elisha Egbert, probate judge. " Norris, in the meantime, had gathered his men around the captives, and the moment the decision was announced they seized the captives with one hand, brandished their weapons with the other, threaten- ing to shoot the first man that interfered. This was while the judge was on the bench, and before any adjournment had been announced. Everything had been perfectly quiet up to this moment, but ui:)on this display of force, the people rose to their feet highly excited. * * * Mr. Listen, one of the counsel, jumped upon a table, and called upon the Kentuekians to shoot all who interfered, and they would be justified in so doing. His language was most violent and abusive toward the citizens, and did much to fan the excitement." Suffice it to say that the captives were never returned to slavery ; but a law suit was commenced between Norris and Leander B. Newton, George W. Horton, Edwin B. Crocker, Solomon W. Palmei*, David Jodon, William Wilmington, Lot Day, Jr., and Amable M. Lapiere, citizens of South Bend, to recover the value of the negroes and other damages. It was vigorously fought, but Norris beat, and some of the defendants were rendered homeless and penniless by the sale of their property. Mr. Norris has probably had other ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 65 experiences in the slave line since then, quite as exciting, but perhaps less profitable. He and his ruffianly attendants succeeded in making South Bend classic ground, and in arousing in Northern Indiana a spirit which he, or some of his, may possibly have since met in the " sunny South " amid the gleam of bayonets and other things of that sort. There are several public buildings in the city worthy of partic- ular remark. The court house is a fine structure of cut Athens stone, with a front ornamented with seven Corinthian columns. It was built in 1854, at an expense of |35,000. The jaU was erected in 1860. It is a model building for the purpose it is intended to subserve ; indeed, exteriorly it is the handsomest building in the county. It cost about 135,000. The new post office, built in 1865, is a tasteful and well arranged structure. There are five public school houses, four of which are of brick, and are intended for ward schools. A large and elegant Union school house is contemj)lated and will soon be built. Neither city nor county owes any debt occasioned by the construction of these buildings. The first church in the city, and in the county also, was erected by the Methodist, in 1832, on Michigan street, between Lafayette and Jefierson streets. Samuel Good and Adanijah Rambo were the builders. It was never used as a church, the workmanship and materials being so poor that the trustees refused to receive it. Thus an effort to cheat the Lord was defeated and two enter- prising gentlemen disgusted. It is still in existence and is occu- pied as a barn, near the south-east corner of Michigan and Wayne streets. In 1835 the Methodists were successful in building a church on the west side of Main street, north of Market street, which was occupied for many years. There are now nine churches, including the chapel on the east side. They are, the Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, Dutch Reformed, two Catholic, German Lutheran, Universalist, United Brethren and Christian Disciples. The Church of the Sacred Heart, of Notre Dame, although outside the city limits, is easy of access and largely attended by persons living in South Bend. This church has a chime of twenty-four bells, cast in France, and ranging in tone two octaves, from G to G. The largest bell was spoiled by a crack, some years ago, and another has been recently received from 66 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. France to replace it. This bell weighs over fourteen thousand pounds. There is only one larger bell in the United States, and but two upon the continent. It is claimed that this bell, when in place, can be heard for a distance of twenty miles. The first bank at South Bend was established in 1838. It was a branch of the Indiana State Bank, and had a capital of $102,000. When the charter expired, in 1856, and the Bank of the State of Indiana was incorporated, a branch was organized here with a capital of $100,000, afterwards increased to $150,000, which con- tinued until the First National Bank, with a capital of the latter amount, took its place. In addition, there is now in operation the St. Joseph County Bank, which is not a corporation. Under the late free banking law of the State, the Bank of South Bend was located here by some eastern capitalists. It was little more than a redemption office, but was one of the few of its class that never suspended. The property of the city is valued for taxation at $2,522,977. This is less than one-half its actual value, which may be safely put at $6,000,000. The levy for 1867 is only about sixty cents on the hundred dollars, a fact hardly to be credited by the over taxed citi- zens of New York, Chicago, and other large cities. Perhaps when South Bend is rejoicing in her hundred thousand inhabitants, some victim of municipal rapacity in that "good time coming," may i:)oint back to this item as evidence of the unsophisticated inno- cence of primitive councilmen. It is difficult to particularise the business interests of South Bend ; yet it is proper to do so to some extent. The Messrs. Studebaker Bro's have established a business in the last dozen years which is really an " institution " of the city. Their carriages, buggies, wagons, sleighs, and all other articles in their line, are known throughout the West and Southwest. From a small beginning, these persistent workers have reached an enviable position. More than one hundred and thirty men are constantly employed by them, and they annually produce nearly a quarter of a million dollars worth of manufactured articles. A. Coquillard & Co. are engaged in the same branch of industry, and on a very large scale. Jacob Stray er & Co. are turning out large numbers of their cele- brated seed drills. It is said that any farmer who has thirty acres of wheat to sow can pay for the drill by the increase in the crop for ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 67 one year by using one of tliem. Lipliart & Co. take the lead in furniture ; and Lantz Bros. & Co. have no successful competitors in the manufacture and sale of clothing. The superior quality of the flour made by the mills here is well known to the trade and to consumers. In fact, the large manufacturing interest of South Bend is in a healthy condition and is conducted by earnest, com- petent and every way reliable men. Nothing is overdone and there is plenty of room for additional industry and capital. A paper mill, a cotton and woolen factory, all on a large scale, are much needed and would receive co-operation and assistance from the foremost citizens of the place. Indeed, almost any branch of business that requires a good water power, cheap living and a constant market, would thrive here. To all other inducements South Bend adds a quiet, moral, healthy and in all respects desire- able place of residence. Property is low compared with other places of equal facilities, and a generous welcome awaits all new comers. No other city in the State presents so varied and excellent facilities for the training and education of youth, of both sexes, as South Bend ; and probably these facilities are not excelled in any part of the continent. As early as 1832, when the chief part of the inhabitants of the valley were the red men of the forest — the Miamis and the Pottawatomies — the Rev. Stephen T. Badin visited the spot now known as Notre Dame, and, with an eye schooled to the appreciation of the beautiful in nature, became impressed with the loveliness of the situation. The gently undu- lating surface, the groves of magnificent oaks and other trees of the forest, the natural fertility of the soil, the abundant growth of native grasses, the profusion of wild flowers, the crystal lakes, and generally all that could contribute to the composition of a scene of rural beauty and almost absolute enchantment, attracted the attention of Father Badin and became a prophecy, in his mind, of future advantages and pious uses. He, therefore, lost no time in becoming the owner of a magnificent domain, of some eleven hundred acres, and, with a zealous devotion to the Catholic Church, resolved to dedicate it to the education of youth. With him to resolve was to execute. He placed the title in the hands of the ruling authorities of the Church, and in a few years it was transferred to the "right man in the right place," the Very Rev. 68 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. E. Serin, priest of the congregation of the Holy Cross, who, with a few brothers of the same order, had then recently come to America from France. In 1842, Father Sorin, (with his confreres^ took possession and with that pious determination and indomita- ble energy which enter largely into the character of this extraor- dinary man, he immediately commenced that system of improve- ments which has, in less than a quarter of a century, resulted in placing "Notre Dame du Lac" very far towards the head of the educational institutions in America. The " University of Notre Dame " was incorporated by the Legislature of Indiana, in 1844. It is situated on a table of land elevated nearly a hundred feet above the St. Joseph river, and distant from the river and the center of South Bend but a little over one mile. It is on the banks of two lovely lakes of clear, cool spring water. On one hand Arcadian groves of native forest trees, adorned by all the appliances of cultivated art, invite to their cooling shades and silent retreats ; on the other a landscape of sylvan beauty, rarely surpassed, stretches as far as the eye can reach. The college is of most liberal proportions, and of that subdued, though tasteful style of architecture, eminently fitted for its uses. An air of quietude and neatness pervades every part, not only of the college but of the whole domain. It is conducted by the Fathers of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, assisted by a number of competent lay professors in the various branches of study. The whole is very ably presided over by the Rev. W. Corby, Father Superior. These educators, with a profound appreciation of the keynotes of the human mind, have success- fully elaborated and, with admirable tact and ability, now conduct an institution which is not only valuable but attractive. Here is no rude coercion, no fear of punishment, no abnegation of individ- ualism, but all are kept within the line of duty by a noble sense of honor and justice. A healthy emulation is excited by various devices which appeal to the higher and nobler faculties of the youthful mind. The University has recently, in addition to the land above spoken of, purchased a tract of about thirteen hundred acres in Harris township, and they also own a fine peat bed on the Kan- kakee, which they have commenced working. A trial of this peat shows it to be superior in every respect, as fuel, to the best wood. ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 69 Some idea of the magnitude of this educational establishment may be gathered from the fact that there are annually consumed there and at St. Mary's Academy, four hundred and fifty beef cattle, one thousand fat sheep, sixty thousand pounds of pork, seven thousand bushels of wheat, and other articles in pro- portion. The Northern Indiana College is located at South Bend, at the west end of Washington street, just one mile from the court house. Its position is easy of access, healthy, and affords a fine view of the city and surrounding country. The Northern Indiana College was founded in 1861, by an association of protestant gentlemen, residing at and in the vicinity of South Bend. They organized under the act of the General Assembly, entitled an act for the incorporation of High Schools, Academies, Colleges, etc. — and the purpose of the associ- ation is described in the following extract from the records, to wit : " To establish an Institution of learning, for the education of both male and female students, in the various branches of the arts and sciences usually taught in other Colleges." The first board of trustees was composed of the following named gentlemen, viz : Schuyler Colfax, William Miller, John H. Harper, John Brown- field, Ashbury Clark, George F. Layton, Francis R. Tutt, John W. Chess and Elisha Egbert. Like most institutions of the kind in our young country, it has had many diflSculties to contend with, principally of a financial character. On this account the edifice was not fully completed until the fall of 1866, soon after which, it was consecrated to the sacred cause of science, by appropriate services, conducted by Rev. Dr. Eddy, of Chicago. The College building does honor to its projectors, and is an ornament to the city with which it is connected. It is built of brick, fifty by ninety feet and four stories high including basement. The front is ornamented by a central and cylindrical tower, rising to an altitude of nearly one hundred feet, and connected with every floor in the building. The interior arrangement is well adapted to educational purposes, and the whole edifice finished in a workmanlike manner. Young ladies are accommodated with pleasant, well ventilated rooms, in the college building, and young gentlemen may be furnished with board, or room to board them- selves, in the immediate neighborhood. Students who come here VO GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. to pursue their studies will find competent and experienced teach- ers in every department. Study rooms, recitation rooms, society rooms, a library and reading room, maps and apparatus for illus- trating the principles of natural science. The boarding hall is under the superintendence of Rev. James Johnson and lady, well and favorably known in this section of country. The school is under the governmental and educational control of the M. E. Church, yet is conducted on liberal and unsectarian principles. The college is now in running order, and needs only an increased share of public patronage to make it a success. All denominations of christians and the public generally are invited to enjoy the facilities here afforded for the education of their sons and daughters. The fall session for 1867, opened on the first Wednesday in September. The President of this Institution is Rev. D. Holmes, D. D., a gentleman who has few equals and no superiors as an educator. He is assisted by a competent faculty. The Northern Indiana College, though young and just emerging from the varied difficulties incident to new enterprises of the kind, has already entered upon a sphere of usefulness which will ultimate in most beneficient results. It has a noble future in prospect, and the day is coming when the gentlemen who have made large sacrifices in its foundation Avill be held in most affectionate remembrance by a matured generation of intelligent, useful and christian men and women. It is most heartily commended to the patronage of the St. Joseph Yalley particularly and to Indiana and the whole country in general. St. Mary's Academy, under the direction of the sisters of the Holy Cross, and devoted to the education of females, is pleasantly situated upon the east bank of the St. Joseph river, not far from one mile below South Bend. This is exclusively a boarding school. It has already earned for itself a high reputation and as a consequence is very liberally patronised, both by Catholics and Protestants. The buildings are large and well adapted to the purposes for which they were constructed. Hot and cold baths attached to the sleeping apartments form a peculiarity which may well be copied elsewhere. Only one wing of the edifice, as it is designed to be, has been yet erected. There is ample accommodation for several hundred pupils. It has just ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. Yl entered upon its twelfth year of usefulness. All branches of a liberal female education are taught, including vocal and instru- mental music and the modern languages. Its proximity to Notre Dame, it being less than a mile distant, is a great convenience to parents having children at both institutions. St. Joseph Academy is an institution for the education of females, and is situated in the city of South Bend. It is an elegant edifice of large proportions, and is under the management of the sisters of the Holy Cross. This school is intended for the accommodation of externs, or day scholars, in which it differs entirely from St. Mary's, where only boarders are taken. It has been in operation only about two years, but has already won a large share of public favor. St. Patrick's Select School is situated in South Bend, contiguous to the church of the same name. It is a Catholic school, of the parochial order, and not incorporated. It was organized in 1866, by the present principal. Rev. P. P. Cooney. It is intended for boys. This school is in a thriving condition, and enjoys a substantial patronage. A Spencerian Commercial College has been for some time in successful operation at South Bend. It is pleasantly and airily located on the corner of Main and Washington streets, and is ably managed by its enterprismg conductors, Messrs. Sumption and Adams. These gentlemen also preside over a select graded school at the same place,which has thus far proved a success and a blessing. Mr. Sumption has been for many years actively engaged in the profession, and as a teacher, has the confidence of all who know him. He is now the Examiner of the schools of St. Joseph county. A good public- school is kept up in each ward of the city during several months of each year. We had intended to give a brief history of the press of the valley, but the task proves to be so difficult and the labor so great that the purpose has been abandoned. We shall, however, under- take to make a connected statement of the papers hitherto and presently published in South Bend, as we have already done in reference to some other places. The publication of the Northwestern Pioneer was commenced at South Bend, in October, 1831, by John D. Defrees and his 12 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. brother Joseph H. Defrees. The former of these gentlemen has snace occupied many positions of trust and honor — has been a member of Congress, and is now the able Superintendent of Public Printing at Washington. The latter is an esteemed citizen of Goshen, in Elkhart county. The Pioneer, be it remembered, was the first nexospaper ever published north of Logansport and west of Detroit. Chicago was then an uninhabited morass, and all beyond terra incognita. At the end of six months the Pioneer was changed to the St. Joseph Beacon. In 1833, John D. Defrees bought his brother's interest and removed the office to White Pigeon, Michigan, and shortly afterwards sold it to a man by the name of Gilbert. The South Bend Free Press was started by William Millikan about 1836, and was published until 1845, when it was changed to the St. Joseph Yalley Register, and came under the editorial man- agement of Hon, Schuyler Colfax, the present distinguished Speaker of the House of Representatives. Mr. Colfax was not a printer, as many have supposed, but was a very able editor and a safe business man. In 1854 Mr. Alfred Wheeler became associated with Mr. Colfax. In 1855 the whole interest passed into the hands of Mr. Wheeler, who continued the publication up to 1866, when he sold out to Archibald Beal and C. E. Fuller, the present publishers. The Register has enjoyed a large circulation for many years and has occupied a wide field of influence and useful- ness. Mr. Millikan is now editor of the Fayette County Herald, published at Washington, Ohio. In 1844, Thomas Jernigan published the Mishaioaha Tocsin, and removed the office to South Bend, where Jernigan & Harris resumed its publication under the name of the Indiana Tocsin. In 1845 the Tocsin was removed to Laporte and was there pub- lished under another name. Mr, Jernigan now resides in Michigan City, where he edits a paper and holds a federal office. In 1848 W. R. Ellis published a paper called the Free Democrat. It was devoted to the support of the free soil party and of Martin VanBuren for the presidency. It survived but a few month. Mr. Ellis now lives in Lafayette, Indiana. The St. Joseph County Forum was established in 1853, by A. E. Drapier and his son Wm. H. Drapier. This was the first demo- cratic paper published in South Bend. The elder Drapier retired ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 73 after a year or two and left the paper in the hands of his son who, after being connected with it thirteen years to a day, sold the establishment to an association of democratic gentlemen in 1866. On the occasion of the change of proprietors the name was dropped, and it is now published by Mr. E. Molloy as the National Union. The Forum was for some months, at one time, issued semi-weekly, but the experiment was not a financial success. There is now published a monthly periodical at Notre Dame called Ave 3faria. It is a religious publication, devoted to the interests of the Catholic Church, and has a wide circulation among persons of that faith. Nkw Carisle is a flourishing town, on the Northern Indiana Railroad, fourteen miles west of South Bend. It is located on an abx'upt elevation of land overlooking Tei're Coupee prairie. The situation is a very desirable and commanding one. The popula- tion does not vary much from five hundred. At this place the Methodists have established the Carlisle Collegiate Institute, a school for the education of both sexes. This Institute has already taken a high position among the many classical schools of Northern Indiana. The building is of brick, and is commodious and convenient, while all its surroundings are beautiful and inviting. The sexes are educated together, and on a perfect equality. Its existence, so far, has been marked with great success, and a brilliant future seems to be within its reach. Isaac W. McCasky, A. M., is president, and he is assisted by a full corps of teachers in the various English, classical and ornamental Jbranches. The place is healthy and retired, yet easy of access; and students enjoy, in addition to other advantages, the benefit of quiet, intelligent and refined society. New Carlisle is not properly in the St. Joseph Valley, but its interests are so closely associated with South Bend and St. Joseph county, that we have not felt at liberty to omit mentioning it. 6 BEEEIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN. This is the extreme southwestern county of the State. It is, on its northwesterly side, for many miles, washed by the waters of Lake Michigan. The equable and moderate climate occasioned by proximity to the lake, and the peculiar quality of the soil, render a large portion of the county celebrated as a fruit gi'owing region. Apples, pears and peaches here grow in luscious perfection, and in large quantities, so that had the county no other resources it would soon become populous and wealthy from fruit- growing alone. Peaches, especially, all along the shore of, and for many miles back from, the lake are produced in great abundance and of a very superior quality, and the excellent facilities for transportation afibrded by water and railroad to the great markets east and west, give to this fruit a value which must always make its culture very profitable. The peach crop here is never known to fail entirely, as in most other places, but its quantity seldom has any limit except the ability of the trees to carry their burthen of fruit. Indeed, so certain is it, that it is not uncommon for the prosi^ective products of whole orchards to be contracted for, in the lump, before the appearance of a single blossom. The quality of this fruit is excellent, and in all accessible markets it commands the highest price. All kinds of small fruits are here abundantly and profitably cultivated. But Berrien county is not alone adapted to fruit-raising; it is also one of the best sections of Michigan for general agriculture. Wheat, corn and grass appear to be both protected and stimulated by the climatic influence of the neighboring lake. The general surface is rolling, but scarcely ever broken. There are some small prairies, / BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 75 but only a few marshes. The oak openings are extensive, but forests of pine, oak, walnut, poplar, beech, maple, and other trees, abound. A large amount of capital is employed in the manu- facture of lumber for export ; and like many other sections of our country, the land is likely to be soon denuded of its wealth of lumber. Cupidity and waste have joined hands in this unpardon- able and irreparable destruction. Under the shadow of private right this public wrong is safely perpetrated, and no one has power to prevent or restrain it. The man who now destroys the most timber, by cutting it into lumber, is said to be the most enterprising ; posterity will, very properly, pronounce him to have been the greatest nuisance of his day. The wanton, care- less or useless felling of a tree, ought to be considered a great crime ; and the man who, for mere gain, strips his farm of those beautiful forests which nature has planted, should be sent to the asylum for the insane or for idiots. The St. Joseph river enters the county in the township of Bertrand, and runs in a generally north direction, through Niles, Buchanan and Berrien Springs, to St. Joseph, where it empties into Lake Michigan. At the city of Niles it receives the water of the Dowagiac river, and a short distance above its mouth the Paw Paw falls into it. Both these streams afford many and fine mill sites, and the hydraulic capacity of the St. Joseph constantly increases as it sweeps through the county. Galien river, Pipe- stone, McCoy's, Hickory, Yellow and Blue creeks, drain and water other parts of the county, and furnish a large amount of water power. The history of Berrien coimty is somewhat peculiar and very interesting, and ought to be written at large. We are happy to be able to state that this duty will soon be accomplished by Hon. Nathaniel Bacon, of Niles, who is now preparing, and will, at an early day, publish a very full history of the St. Joseph Valley. The knoM^n ability of Judge Bacon, together with the industry and i3erseverance with which he has sought and examined all available sources of information, warrant the expectation that he will present a very interesting and useful book. Here it was that, nearly two hundred years ago, the great explorer LaSalle, with Hennepin and Tonti, first discovered the mouth of our beautiful St. Joseph river; here, on the borders 76 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. of the lake, these forerunners of a Christian civilization built a fort; here, at that early day, the voice of praise and prayer ascended to the " imknown God " of the aborigines ; and here the first white man boldly pushed his prow into the solitude of this then unexplored valley. Here, also, were early missions established, councils held and treaties made with the Indian tribes; here was the first orchard planted west of Detroit, and here, to-day, a cross marks the grave of the first white man who died in the valley. And then the events of modern years, though more numerous, are not less interesting. How the first settlers and settlements sped ; their struggles, sufierings and successes ; the growth of improve- ments, towns and cities ; the establishment of civil, religious and social institutions; the development of material resources; the departure of the aborigines ; life in the camj} and in the cabin, and the transition to more jesthetic abodes ; all this and much more, form a theme most inviting to the philosophic thinker or to the intelligent historian. The first permanent settlement in this county was made by John Johnson, in 1827, although as early as 1820 there had been an Indian trading post established. In 1840 the r)opulation was about 5,000, and twenty years thereafter it had reached 22,274. It is now, probably, over 30,000. In 1860 the cereals produced in the county were as follows : Wheat, 260,000 bushels. Rye, 26,000 " Corn, 456,000 " Oats, 75,000 A large proportion of the emigration into this as into most of the other counties in Southern Michigan, has been from New England and New York. This fact accounts for the high degree of perfection to which the common schools have there been brought. The first public improvement a New England man looks to in a new country is a school house, and until this is completed and in use he does not begin to feel at home. This he knows to be the foundation for other and higher schools, the sure precursor of academies, seminaries and colleges. The common school is his pet ; and the better it is the greater is his satisfaction. For it his money, however laboriously earned, goes freely. He BEEEIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 11 looks upon it with the pride of a prince, and when he sees his children marching, in cleanly attire, to this rudimental temple of learning, he glows with that self-satisfied importance which only the true-hearted pater familias can feel. It is not, therefore, strange that Berrien county rejoices in the superiority of her common schools. No better exist anywhere ; and in addition to them she has also several institutions of what are claimed to be a higher grade. The Union school at Niles is equal to any in the nation, and is one of the chief ornaments of that city, both in a material and a higher sense. In 1860 there were 6,220 pupils in daily attendance at the several public schools of the county. This number has since been largely increased. To this fact may be attributed the general intelUgence of the people, and also the good judgment recently displayed in electing so capable and suitable a gentleman as Captain Henry A. Ford to superintend the affairs of these " colleges of the poor man." About six miles below South Bend we cross the boundary line between Indiana and Michigan, and immediately come to Bertrand, a village which reminds the observer of " the last rose of summer." There was a time, many years ago, when Bertrand was a town of much promise. It had its wide and long streets, its public squares, and its chwrch sites — nearly all in the woods. The territorial road crossed the river here, and the town enjoyed considerable trade. Corner lots were plenty, and amazingly high ; indeed, so high that nobody would buy them. And so it died — died of wounds received in the house of its friends. It is now a place of no importance, and has but about three hundred inhabitants. The city of Niles is situated on the St. Joseph river at its confluence with the Dowagiac. It is the commercial and manu- facturing center of the county, and a place of large importance in the State. The first settlement was made in 1827. The plat of the town was made in 1829, and it became an incorporated village in 1834. In 1859 it was incorporated as a city. The name is derived from the editor of the celebrated JSfiles' Register. The first store was opened in 1830, and the first church (Presbyterian) was built in 1833. The city in 1860 had 2,826 inhabitants, but its growth since then has been rapid, and it probably has now considerably over 5,000. Niles is handsomely laid out on both 18 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. sides of the St. Joseph river, which is here spanned by two bridges. There are many very beautiful locations for private residence, some of which are improved with good taste. The business houses are generally large, substantial and convenient. The Union School House is a very fine building, and in point of architectural beauty and general effect surpasses all other build- ings in the city. It has accommodations for over twelve hundred scholars, and is surrounded by grounds very prettily laid out. There are several manufactories here, among which may be mentioned five flouring and two saw mills, a foundry and a machine shop. The machinery is driven by the Dowagiac, which furnishes a fine water power. Several attemjjts have been made to build a dam across the St. Joseph river, but for some reason they have been unsuccessful. At the present time a hydraulic comi^any with ample means and becoming energy are relocating the attempt, and will, without doubt, accomplish the work. There is no imiDcdiment to the construction of a dam at Niles which does not exist at all other places where such an improvement has stood for years. The water power is here too valuable to allow slight discouragements to control. The citizens of Niles are proud of their city ; they aim high, and are not made to be beat by water — it will take something stronger to do it. On this power the city depends for its future rapid and permanent growth. Without it, Niles may be considered one of the finished cities ; with it, no one can predict any limit to its business, wealth, population and importance. No town in the valley which depends alone, or chiefly, upon local trade for its pros- perity, can attain to any enviable proportions. Niles is no exception ; and unless she uses the great advantages which nature has provided, and builds up a manufacturing business, she will see other towns sweeping by, and leaving her to mourn over her folly and her fate. The village of Buchanan, at the mouth of McCoy's creek, a few miles below Niles, has a population of over a thousand. It has two newspapers, several churches, two flouring mills, and some other manufactories. It is a brisk town, handsomely situated, and has a good local trade. Berrien Springs is the capital of the county. It occupies the site of an old French fort on the St. Joseph river, some ten miles BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 19 below Niles, and fifteen miles fi-om the mouth of the river. Its only means of communication with the outer world is by stage and steamboat. It is innocent of railroads, which accounts for the fact that, although very pleasantly located and enjoying many great natural advantages, it has only about a thousand people. This cannot remain so long. A railroad from the mouth of the river, by the way of Berrien Springs and Niles, to South Bend, is not only contemplated, but its completion is certain at a very early day. The road can be easily and cheaply made, and will be highly important to the country and towns through which it will pass. This improvement accomplished, and Berrien Springs will soon become important for something else besides being the depository of the county records, and as a place to which the judges of the courts and a few lawyers make periodical but flying visits. The name of the village is suggestive of a natural means of wealth, near by, which may, even before long, make the place famous as a delightful resort for health and pleasure. We refer to the numerous mineral springs. There are found here several very fine white sulphur springs, and some other mineral waters, whose qualities deserve further analysis. The region is evidently volcanic, and some persons are decidedly of the opinion that they have found unmistakable evidences of oil — a slander upon the locality which we have no idea will ever be verified. These mineral waters are of such a character and quantity as to lead to the expectation that, before many years, a great watering i^lace will be established here. A recent writer, referring to this town, says it is "beautifully situated, healthily located, with a fine chalybeate spring within the corporation, and a sulphur spring on the opposite side of the river, and surrounded by fine farms ; over- looking the beautiful St. Joseph, in sight of majestic woods, and in the center of the great fruit region of Western Michigan, it could not fail to be a charming resort. Just above the town are the beautifully embowered Indian Fields, still retaining the foot- marks of barbaric life, even now much frequented. Opposite is Fruit Island No. 1, an island garden, bordered with majestic trees and embowered with climbing vines. Below and opposite the main mineral springs and basin are the celebrated Shaker farms and establishment. The river, both above and below the village, is a thing of beauty, bordered and embowered with the sycamore, 80 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. black walnut, buckeye, pawpaw and wild grape ; and as a place for rambles, walks and drives, is unsurpassed for romantic loveli- ness and sylvan beauty. Peaches, apples, grapes, sweet potatoes, and all kinds of berries, wild and tame ; fish in the river and game in the woods largely abound." At the mouth of the St. Joseph river and at the terminus of the Valley, is situated the village of St. Joseph, a thriving town of about twenty-five hundred inhabitants. Here the Paw Paw falls into the St. Joseph, and here, also, is one of the best and most commodious harbors on Lake Michigan. It has a fine local trade, and ships large quantities of lumber, grain and fruit. A line of propellers furnishes daily communication with Chicago, and the interior is reached by steamboat and stage. The country all along the lake, and for several miles back, is specially adajJted to the culture of fruit, and has the appearance of being almost one continuous peach orchard. This is the point at which LaSalle with his retinue of explorers landed, when he discovered the mouth of the river. Here he built a fort, over which floated the flag of France, and here the cross was first displayed to the wondering gaze of the aborigines of the valley. A railroad up the St. Joseph river to connect with the two great east and west lines, and making a continuous route to the Ohio river, will very suddenly increase the importance of the town and the harbor. CONCLUSION. , 81 coisroLXJSioisr. We have thus briefly gone over the proposed ground, following the river from its source to its mouth, and occasionally making diversions toward the borders of the valley. Of course the view which we have taken has been limited and imperfect. Our first purpose has been to exhibit, as fully as possible, the wonderful hydraulic capacity of the valley, and to sketch some of the great business advantages. Even this we have but imj)erfectly done ; yet we think enough has been presented to arrest the attention of the reader, and to stimulate a personal examination by those who are seeking locations for business or homes. From one end to the other of the valley there are numerous inducements for settle- ment. The climate is genial and equable ; the water is abundant and pure ; land is cheap and productive ; timber is plenty ; roads are good ; schools are excellent, and society intelligent and refined. No branch of industry is over-done, and good homes, cheap subsistence, and ample fortunes are sure to reward perse- vering and well-directed labor. If the foregoing pages serve to give direction to even a small portion of those who are seeking new homes and opportunities for usefulness, and assist in developing, in some degree, the dormant capabilities of the lovely Valley of the St. Joseph, the object of the writer will have been substantially attained. OFFIOEKS OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. Auditor — W, J. Hollo way. Treasurer — Ezekiel Green. Clerh—^. V. Clark. Jiecorder — R. J. Chestnutwood. Sheriff— ^o\. W. Palmer. Commissioners — Gilman Towle, J. C. Knoblock, Nathaniel Frame. COURTS. Circuit Court — First Mondays of March and September. Hon, Andrew J. O shorn, Judge. Court of Common Pleas — Third Mondays of January, May and September. Hon. Elisha Egbert, Judge. ST. JOSEPH COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. President — William F. Bulla. Vice President — Nathaniel Frame. Treasurer — William Miller. Secretary — Charles Towle. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE, SOUTH BEND. Benjamin AVall, William H. Stanfield, Jacob Hardman. OFFICERS OF THE INDIANA STATE BOAED OF AGEIOULTURE. President — Hon. A. D. Hamrick. .Hamrick's Station, Putnam Co. Vice President — Dr. John C. Helm Mmicie, Delaware Co. Treasurer — Carlos Dickson Indianapolis. General Superintendent — John B. Sullivan Indianapolis. Secretarij — A. J. Holmes Rochester, Fulton Co. {Office — State House, Indianapolis.) EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Hon. A. D. Hamrick, President, Ex-officio. Hon. W. C. Danaldson, Hon. James D. Williams, J. A. Grosvenor, Joseph Poole. ]\IEMBERS OF THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 1st District — E. T. Cox New Harmony, Posey Co. 2d District— Ron. J. D. Williams. .Pond Creek Mills, Knox Co. 3f? District — John C. Shoemaker Rome, Perry Co. Ath District— John McCrea Bloomington. 5t/i District — Benjamin North Rising Sun. Gt/i District — D. E. Rees Lawrenceburg. 1th District — J. A. Grosvenor Indianapolis. Sth District — Hon. W. C. Danaldson Montezuma, Parke Co, 9th District — Hon. A. D. Hamrick Putnam Co. lOth District — Alexander Heron Connorsville 11th District — Dr. John C. Helm Muncie. 12th District — Joseph Poole Attica, Fountain Co. ISth District — Hezekiah Caldwell Wabash. lith District — A. J. Holmes Rochester. 15th District — John Sutherland Laporte. IQth District — Dr. George W. McConnell Angola. CITY OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. The Post Office of South Bend is situated on the corner of Main and Market sti-eets. Edwin R. Farnum is postmaster. The city government of South Bend is composed as follows: Mayor — William E. George. Councilmen — 1st Ward: John Klingle, S. F. Myers. 2d Ward : Thos. S. Stanfield, David Stover. 3d Ward : Thos. W. Defrees, A. B. Merrett. 4th Wai-d: A. Russworm, S. Parry. ClerJc — John Hagerty. Marshall — Jacob K. Huston. Street Commissioner — John A. Hartman. City Engineer — Mathias Stover. Chief of Fire Department — John Brownfield. City Attorney — Geo. Pfleger, Jr. Treasurer — J. B. Eaker. FIRE DEPARTMENT. Chief Engineer — John Brownfield. \st Assistant Engineer — Nathan Marsh. 2^ " " William Mack. Engine Company^ No. 1 — E. P. Taylor, Foreman. " " " 2 — Benjamin White, Foreman. Eooh and Ladder Co. — John Brownfield, Foreman. CITY OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 85 The Masonic Organizations in South Bend are as follows : ST. JOSEPH LODGE No. 45. [Instituted in 1S12.] W. M. — George H. Alward. S. W.— Theodore Witherell. J. W. — Israel Belton. Treas. — D wight Deming. Secy.— M. A. Smith. S. D.— W. F. Gushing. J. D.— Ed. Turnock. SOUTH BEND LODGE No. 294. [Instituted In 18&3.] W. M.— O. H. Brusie. S. W. — Archibald Defrees. J, W. — Joseph Henderson. Treas. — Adam Barnhart. i Secy. — C. Souders. GERMANIA LODGE No. 301. [Instituted in 1865.] W. M.— John Klingle. S. W. — M. Livingston. J. W. — Charles Vinson. Treas. — Jacob Myers. Secy. — John Meussel. S. D.— John Zeitler. J. D. — Leonard Bock. Stewards. — Herman Yonker, Gerard Berger. Tyler. — Andrew Russworm. The Odd Fellows organizations are as follows : SOUTH BEND LODGE No. 29. [Instituted in 1846.] K G.— C. Studebaker. V. G.— M. L. Huey. Secy. — J. G. Vinson. Treas. — John Gallagher. 86 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. SOUTH BEND ENCAMPMENT I. O. O. F. [Instituted in 1848.] C. p.— W. J. Hollo way. H. P.— S. W. Palmer. S. W.— V. G. Huey. J. W.— William Miller. S._A. Wheeler. Treas.— C. W. Martin. ROBERT BLUM LODGE. [Instituted in 18G7.] N. G.— J. G. Vinson. V. G.— G. Poehlman. Secy. — John Wagner. ,Treas. — Frederick Grether. G003D TEIva:i>Ii^ft.I^S. GUIDING STAR LODGE No. 371. [Instituted in 1866.] ^^r Q T _j^ 33 Metzger. W. V. T.— Miss Jennie Eaker. W. S. — James R. Davis. W. F. S.— Almon Bngbee. W. T.— Miss Mattie Bulla. W. M.— Marion Staley. W. D. M.— Miss Ritter. W. I. G, — Miss Alena Rees. W. O. G. — Washington Saunders. W. A. S.— Willis Bugbee. W. R. H. S.— Miss Lucretia Miller. W. L. H. S.— Miss Ritter. W. Chaplin — Elder Israel Beldon. P. W. C. T.— Corydon E. Fuller.. CITY OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 87 YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION. [Instituted in 1866.] President — Robert Johnson. Vice President — J. A. M. LaPierre. Cor. Secretary — Wm. S. Bartlett. Rec. Secretary — Washington Saunders. Treasurer — ^Alexander Ireland. GRAND ARMY OF THE REPBLIC. SOUTH BEND POST. P. C. — Alexander N. Thomas. Sen. P. C. — Daniel Dayton. Jun. P. C— Ed. Nicar. Adjutant — William Stover. Q. M.— D. Smith. Surgeon.— Dr. S. F. Myers. Chaplain. — L. G. Welton. CHURCHES IN SOUTH BEND. Methodist Ejjiscopal — North-west corner of Main and Jefferson streets. Rev. , pastor. Methodist Episcopal — (German,) — Lafayette street, between Washington and Jefierson. Presbyterian — South-west corner Washington and Lafayette streets. Rev. Walter Forsythe, pastor. Baptist — South-east corner Main and Jefferson streets. Rev. Thomas P. Campbell, pastor. Reformed Dutch — South-west corner Lafayette and Market streets. Lutheran — South-west corner Lafayette and Market streets. Rev. Phillip Wagner, pastor. Worship in the Reformed Dutch Church. Roman Catholic — (St. Patrick's,) — ^Division, between Scott and Chapin streets. Rev. P. P. Cooney, priest. Universalist — Main, between Washington and Jefierson streets. Rev. Nathaniel Crary, pastor. Disciples of Christ — Main, between Wayne and Division streets. Rev. Israel Belton, pastor. 88 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. if. iSilf 1 ¥4IiIj1¥ llilSf 11 NEWSPAPER, BOOK AND JOB PRINTINa AND A. BEAL & CO., Proprietors, No. 86 MICHIGAN STREET, THE PIE O-I STETl, Established in 1845, by Hon. Scuyler Colfax, has much the largest circulation of any paper in Northern Indiana, and is, therefore, an excellent MEDIUM FOR ADVERTISING. Subscriptions |2.00 per year in advance. Advertising rates reasonable. JOE -jp :r X isT 1 X isr G- . The Register Job Office is well supplied with Power Presses and material for excuting all kinds of JOB PRINTING in the best style ; and is daily turning out Avork equal to the best offices in the large cities and at much lower prices. book: b I isr id I tsto-. The Register Bindery is now in successful operation. All kinds of work executed in good style and at reasonable prices. A first class Ruling Machine is connected Avith the Bindery, and the various styles of Blank Work will be neatly and promptly executed. Orders from a distance for Job Printing, Binding, Ruling, etc., are solicited and satisfaction in all cases will be guaranteed. SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 89 MALE AND FEMALE. WEST END OF WASHINGTON ST., SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 0.^m President — D. Holmes, A. M., D. D., assisted by five Department Teachers. OmCEIlS OF THE BO-A.K.ID. Rev. John Thrush, Pres. F. B. Tutt, Esq., Vice President. A. Beal, Esq., Secretary. John Browufield, Esq., Treasurer. 0-A.3L.E3SriD.A.It FOU- 186*7 Imi* SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 95 O. LIPH^ET & CO. Wholesale and Retail Manufacturers of and Dealers in All kinds of Furniture, ON HAND OR MADE TO ORDER, SOFAS, LOUNGES, CHAIRS, OTTOMANS, CENTER, PARLOR, TEA AND EXTENSION TABLES, BUREAUS, BEDSTEADS, WASH- JSTANDS, OAK AND WALNUT CHAM- SETS, LOOKING GLASSES, &c. &c. &c. COFFI NS Of all prices and kinds constantly on hand. MICHIGAN ST., Soutli of St. Joseph Co., Bank, A. COQUILLAED, COR. MICHIGAN AND JEFFERSON STS., SOUTH BEND, - - INDIANA. Always on hand and for sale, all kinds and qualities of seasoned Lumber, Shingles, Lath, &c., including Boards, Plank, Scantling, Joists, Flooring, Siding, Fencing, &c. Cash at all times paid for Walnut, Oak, Ash, Cherry and Poplar Lumber. Full Bills for Buildings filled without delay and on Accommodating Terms. Call and see. 96 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. A. GOQUIIalMARD £ CO. AT THE SOUTH BEND, INDIANA., CONTINtTE TO MANUFACTURE FOR THE WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE CARRIAGES, BUGGIES, WAGONS AND EVERYTHING IN THE VEHICLE LINE In the greatest variety and of the best materials and with refer- ence to the latest and most approved styles and patterns. We use MACHINERY OP THE MOST PERFECT KINDS, And employ none but the most capable and experienced mechanics that can be procured, in the various branches of our business. OUR TIMBER IS THOROUGHLY SEASONED And all materials are subjected to a RIGID INSPECTION. The success which has hitherto attended our enterprise we hold as an indication of public satisfaction, and we are determined to abate no eflfort to maintain the position we have attained. We have on hand at all times a large stock of articles in our line, which we intend to SELL AT VERY LOW PEICES, In fact, in no event will we be UNDERSOLD. Give us a call, or address, by letter, as above, when all information will be given. SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 91 Ef¥ llfilf i [opposite dwight house,] I. SKIlsrjSTEIl, Proprietor, No. 54 Michigan Street, THE BEST OF p Bmggiii am At all times, and at reasonable prices. SALE STABLE. Horses sold or exchanged on fair terms. Bo^RDi]sra. Horses boarded and taken care of in the best manner and satis- faction guaranteed. CASH PAID FOR CORN, OATS AND HAY. I. SKINNEK. 98 Gazetteer of the st. joseph valley. NEW YORK CLOTHING STORE, PALMER'S NEW BUILEINS, SOUTH BEND, IND. Clotlilng of all kinds at I B^52- JACOB STRAYER & CO., 3 3 3 We are now manufacturing the above celebrated Drill, with eight and ten hoes, double rank, with grass seed sower and sur- veyor, all warranted to sow wheat, rye, oats, barley, timothy and clover seed, and to be quickly regulated to sow any quantity per acre that may be desired. This drill has taken many premiums at State and County Fairs, and what is even better, has stood the test of experience for the last seven years. It has been several times improved since the first Patent was issued, and now claims to be as near perfection as any other article of Agricultural Machinery. The Drill is ALL THAT FARMERS CAN WISH. Try one and you will have no reason to regret it. DriUs are delivered on board the cars at South Bend, free of charge. Those desiring Drills should apply to our Agents, or write to the Manufacturers in time. Delaying until seeding time may result in being too late for the season. For prices see our Agents, or write to the Manufacturers. JACOB STRAYER & CO. 112 GAZETTEER OP THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. ILIiIA y' OVER KNOBLOCK & BUCHTEL'S STORE, "VV^SHIN^aTON" ST., SOUTH BEND, IND. We have furnished the above Parlor with FOUR of And fitted up for the comfort and quiet of visitors. The best of Order will at all times be observed. LOVERS OF THE GAME ARE INVITED TO GIVE US A CALL. S. LEWIS & SON. SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 113 ® m: aniPiTj MANUFACTURE INCLUDING LIG-HT BUGGIES, HEAVY BUGaiES, OPEN BUGG-IES, TOP BUGG-IES. Photographs sent on application by letter. Buggies will be manufactured to order in any desirable style. We have a full force of hands specially engaged on this class of work. Studebaker Brothers pay particular attention to all improve- ments in this branch of their business, and do not permit any improvements to escape their notice. .A-LXi "work: "w'uA.i^R-A.asrTEiD To give full and perfect satisfaction. Address, or call and see Studebaker Brothers, South Bend, Ind., or at ST. JOSEPH, MISSOURI. C. SIUBEBAKEB. F. E. STUDEBAEEB. J. M. STT7DEBAEEB. 114 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. D, h:a_tch, SOUTH BEND, INDBANA, Offers to the public generally, the advantages of In all departments. The location is convenient, the stock and carriages of the best kind and the prices reasonable. No pains will be spared to give perfect satisfaction. HOESES BOARDED and taken care of in the Best Manner. Excellent accommodations and good ficilities for those wishing to sell or exchange horses. Cash paid for feed and hay. mm 1. 1® SIB a TAiaiY FINCH & BROTHER, Proprietors, SOUTH BEND, IND. This Parlor, now located in the Third Story of the Washington Building, corner of Washington and Main streets, will on the 1st of November, 1867, be removed to a spacious room, on the ground floor of the OPERA HOUSE, now building, on Washington street, opposite the Court House. We shall put in five Tables with Shulenburg & Co.'s new Patent Cushions, which are war- ranted to us as superior to any other Tables in the world. Tlie St. Joseph Valley Billiard Parlors will be conducted on strict temperance principles, and while we shall endeavor to afford first class facilities for amusement to those who love the noble game, we shall at all times, insist on the most perfect order and give no favor to rowdyism or dissipation. We invite gentle- ment to our Parlors and expect all who call to be such. The game of billiards disgraces no one, and no one ought to disgrace it. SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 115 A. COQUILLARD, Corner of Washington & Jefferson Sts., SOUTH BEND, - - INDIANA, Is prepared to furnish the public with Horses, Carriages, Buggies, &e., at all times and of the most superior kind and quality. I intend to give citizens and strangers perfect satisfaction. Horses exchanged or sold to advantage, and on very reasonable terms. CASH PAID FOR HAY, GRAIN AND FEED. The City Supply Store of Knoblock & Bnchtel can supply all articles needed in keeping house. They sell more G-oods than any other G-rocery House in the city. Flouring Mill and Bakery in connection. "When you start out to buy go straight to Knoblock & Buchtel's ; and if you cannot go yourself, send your child with the order and they will deal fairly, and deliver the Goods without extra charge. They are also prepared to sell at Wholesale. The above are facts, and we challenge successful contra- diction. MANY CITIZENS, Of South Bend and St. Joseph County. 116 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. SOUTH BEND, IND. UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE This Institution is beautifully situated on a most eligible, ele- vated and spacious lot, half way between the Court House and the depot. The building has just been finished, at a cost of nearly $20,000. The extei-ior elegance of the building, standing in full view at the head of Wayne street, and the rare and excel- lent taste with which the grounds are laid out, make it unques- tionably one of the most conspicuous and attractive spots in the city. Here, as everywhere else, after ordinary difficulties and exer- tions, the Sisters' School has become deservedly populai*. The class of pupils thronging their halls are, of course, in keeping with their superior accommodations and the care bestowed upon them. It is unnecessary to say that the internal arrangements are all that can be desired for the comfort and advancement of young ladies at school. A few steps from the main building, and in a separate little cot- tage, the Sisters have opened a minims school for young boys under ten years of age. This department is intended to supply a want much felt by parents in every city. Boys under this tender age, if they go to school at aU, are thronged into schools, among boys of more advanced age, and they seldom learn much, except what is detrimental to their manners and morals. Under the mild government of the Sisters, who perform, in their regard, the duties of the best mothers, their condition is far different. This every parent will readily understand. That tender solicitude, therefore, which parents must feel for theii* children at that age, will doubt- less bring this department a liberal patronage. Particular attention paid to teaching the French and German languages. To accommodate a large number who desire to obtain a perfect knowledge of German, arrangements have been made for a native German teacher of elegant acquirements. Terms are very moderate. Number of pupils attending the Academy last term, one hundred and fifty-five. SOUTH BEND ADVEKTISEMEXTS. 117 Choice White Winter Wheat Flour, Choice Red Winter Wheat Flonr, Choice Graham Flour, Choice Rye Flour, Choice Buck'wheat Flour, Choice Corn Meal, Choice Hominy, Orders for any of the above shall receive our Best Atten- tion, In our CUSTOM GRINDING we Warrant Entire Satis- faction. @^ lUi^ PK, MMT- u.\ PROPRIETORS, ST. JOSEPH CUSTOM MILLS, mu fipl 11,: iiiiAim. Devoted to the Caltnrc of Small Frnits, Strawberries, Easpberries, Blackberries, Grapes, &c., Particular attention paid to Selling Plants. New varieties always on hand. Catalogues on application. Washington Street, Near N. I. College, SOUTH BEND, IND. T. a. TURNER, mww] mmm, mmiAWA. CHAPIN & GUSHING-, DEALEBS IN Michigan Street, South Bend, Ind. 118 GAZETTEER OP THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. ee. w, h. hahfoed, DEInTTIST, All branches of the Business promptly attended to in the most scientific and artistic manner, Office m Odd Fellows' Buildings, Corner Washington and Main Steets, SOUTH BEIVD, IND. A. G. & W. F. OUSHDTG, AND DEALERS IN Paints, Oils, Glass, Etc., MICHIGAN STKEET, SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. Bookseller, Stationer, AND NEWS AGENT, DEALER IN Sheet Music and Fancy Goods, WASHINGTON ST., SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. J. N. CORNING, DEALER IN Pine, Oak and Poplar LXJM B E R, LATS, Cor. MAIN & DIVISION STREETS, SOUTH BEND, IND. D. M. SHIVELY, DEALER IN STAPI.E AND FANCY CARPETS m 88EAT VARIETV, shively's block, Cor. "Washington & Michigan Sts., SOUTH BEND, IND. MISS FLOBA L. TURNER, TEACHER OF m SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. Anderson, King & Alexander, MANUFACTURERS OF WHEELS & WHEEL MATERIAL FOR WAOONe, OARRIAOES And Agricultural Machines, SOUTH BEND, IND. A liberal discount on large lots and to those who buy to sell again. VAN SICKLE'S COLFAX'S STONE FRONT, SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. Beautiful Photographs, Ambrotypes, Porcelain and Ivory types in every style and variety. Photographs colored in India ink, oil or water colors. SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 119 J. B. LOTT, Barber & Hair Dresser^ All Kinds of Perfumery for sale, WASHINGTON ST., OverKnoblock's Store, South Bend, Ind. FRANZ BAUER, JR., Amm & Cigais Of best quality, in connectiou with s A.LOoisr, Best of Liquors and Lager Beer, WASHINGTON ST., Between Main and Michigan, MARTIN & SMITH, Manafactarers of OF ALL KINDS. Orders \rill be Promptly Filled. SOUTH BEND, IND. JAMES BONNET'S 1^1^ f'l "3^ Pictures Finished in Oil, "Water Colors and India Ink. Picture Frames, &c., for Sale, S. W. corner Washington & Michigan Sts., ED. GILLEN, DEAI.EB IN ALL KINDS OP Liquors, Cigars and Fruits, FRESH OYSTERS At Wholesale and Retail, Washington St., bet. Main & Michigan, SOUTH BEND, IND. C. W. MARTIN, MANUFACTUUEK OF mm, mmi, BRIDLES, &c. WHIPS, HALTEHS, TRIMMINGS And everything in his line for sale. East side of Michigan Street, Bet. Washington & Marliet, SOUTH BEND, IND. JOHN H. KEEDY, Manufacturer of Custom and Shipping FLOXJR, Ship Stuffs, Middlings, Bran, due., FOR SALE. CA"H PAID FOR WHEAT at ALL TIMES. OflBce near cor. Michigan & Market Sts., SOUTH BEND, IND. J. W. STOVER, M. D., RESIDEKCE AND OFFICE : East Side of Main, cor. Centre St., SOUTH BEND, IND. 120 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. C. H. MIDDLETON, Office In Colfax Block, Michigan Street, South Bend, Ind. DR. CHAS. H. APPLEGATE, Office with Dr. Middleton. DEALER m Glass Ware, Fruits, Fish, Teas, Wood, Stone & Willow Ware, WASHINGTON ST., SOUTH BEND, - - - INDIANA. HOM(EOPATHIST DR. L. J. HAM, Office on WASHINGTON ST., 2(1 door west of Court House, SOUTH BEND, IND. WOOLEN MILLS. ALEXANDER C. STALEY. Casli paid for Wool. Work Promptly Done. ON THE EAST SIDE, NEAR THE DAM. STOCKFORD & KENT, HOUSE, SIGN AND FANCY OFFICE : MICHIGAN ST., WEST SIDE, Between Washington & Lafayette Sts., SOUTH BEND, IND. Dr. C. F. E^flEVIUS, DENTIST, OFFICE ; Cor. Michigan & Washington Streets. Alili AVORK WARRANTED. MAIN STREET, First Door North of the Methodist Church, SOTTH B11B-, II©<. YOUNG & MERRIMAN, CONFEOTIONERV AND Ice Cream Saloon, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in f Hit S, ®¥if 111 SEGARS & TOBACCO, WASHINGTON STREET, Next door east of Odd Fellows' Block, SOUTH BEND, IND. SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 121 CEO. HACEN, BILLIARD SALOON THREE FIRST CLASS TABLES, LAGER BEER, WINE & CIGARS, Of Best Quality. Order and Sobriety always maintained, MAIN STREET, OPPOSITE ST. JOSEPH BLOCK, DR S. F. MYERS, & A. B. CLIFFORD mM GROCERIES, Confectionery, Fruits, Notions, &c. No. 3 ST. JOSEPH BLOCK, SOUTH BEND/IND. OFFICE : Comer Market and Michigan Streets, Opposite the Bank, SOUTH BEND, IND. MERCHANT TAILOR AND CLOTHIER, WASHINGTON STREET, SOUTH BEND, IND. Garments cut and made to order. Fur- nishing Goods for sale. WILLIAM MILLER. Keeps for sale all kinds of LEATHER AT HIS TANNERY, — AND — Flour, Meal & Feed at Ms Mill. Cash paid for Hides, Barli, VYIieat, &c., AT EITHER PLACE, IN JOHN TREANOR, '» DEALER IN Paints, Oils & Groceries ALSO, Pure Liquors and Patent Medicines OF ALL KINDS. WASHINGTON ST., SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 9 ALBERT MC DONALD. Portrait, Landscape. Architectoral — AND — SKY y©MT PH)@T@@R1APICS. All kinds of Frames. Large "Work a Speciality.'j BARRETT'S BUILDING, SOITTBE BEND, IND. Wi Attorney at Law, S'O'^TH BUnB', mB"! 122 GAZETTEER OF THK ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. HARPER & MASSEY, DEALERS IN Dry Goods, Groceries, Cor. Washington & Main Sts., SOUTH BENB, IND. C. a HODSON, CARPER iBUILDfR, FOOT OF WASHINGTON ST., SOUTH BEND, IND. Jobbing done at Short Notice. Wholesale Manufacturers of WOOD AND CANE SEAT SOUTH BEND, IND. HEETSELL & HAETMAN, MANUFACTURERS OP Sash, Doors and Blinds, Planing & Sawing done to order. GEO. HERTZELL. CHAS. HARTMAN. L. HUMPHREYS, M. D., Physician and Surgeon, OFFICE OVER EACLE 8T0RE, WASHINGTON STREET, SOUTH BEND, ... INDIANA. DENTIST, Office on MICHIGAN ST., SOUTH BEND, IND. J. B. ARNOLD, JR., 4 AND EEAL ESTATE AGENT, Cor. "Washington & Main Sts., SOUTH BEND, IND. CHAHLES VINSON, BUTCHER, AND DEALER IN Cattle, Sheep and Hogs, WASHINGTON ST., Between Main and Michigan, SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 123 J. BKOWNFIELD, DEALER IN Groceries, Crockery, Salt, PLASTER, WOOIi, ^kc. SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. ^t> mORNfYS AT m, No. 5 ST. JOSEPH BLOCK, SOUTH BEND, IND. NORMAN EDDY. JOSEPH HENDERSON, DEALERS IN STAPLE AND FANCY Dry Goods, MICHIGAN STREET, SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. J. H. DUNN. H. O. VAN TUTL. H. S. 8TANFIELD. H. J. BLOWNEY, DEALER IN Paints, Oils, Varnishes, MAIN STREET, SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. All kinds of Painting executed to order. MUSSEL BROS., DEALERS IN aEOCERIES CIGARS & TOEACCO, CROCKERY & GLASS WARE, No. 2 ST. JOSEPH BLOCK, SOUTH BEND, IND. G. C. MUSSEL. J. M. MUSSEL. EDWARD BUYSSE, RANDOLPH LABERDIE, DEALER IN AND JEWELRY, Also, in all kinds of laa©F ^@@& ^^@y@i) SOUTH BEND, IND. DEALER IN AND JEWELRY, ST. JOSEm BLOCI^a SOUTH BEND, IND. Kepairing done in superior style and warrantea. THE K0RTHWE8TERN " EXCEL8J0R " MANUFACTURING COMPANY. rULSOM, ILSLEY & CO., Will supply the trade with fine, coarse and medium EXCELSIOR For Upholstering, Mattresses, and for manufacturing Paper. Also for pack- ing merchandise. SOI'TH BEND, IND. 124 GAZETTEER OP THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. V. R. TX7TT. W. N. SEVERANCE. TUTT & SEVERANCE, Office No. 4 Odd Fellows' Block, Cor. Main & Washineton Sts., SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. JACOB HARDMAN, f Will®® @W I^M® gl4®®j OFFICE NORTH END OF ST. JOSEPH BLOCK, UP STAIRS, JAMES DAYIS, OFFICE No. 8 ODD FELLOWS' BUILDING, THOS. S. STANFIELD. ED. P. STANFIELD. ATTORNEYS AT LAW, Old Office of Stanfleld & Anderson, Lafayette Street, SOUTH BEND, IND. SOUTH BEND ADVEKTISEMENTS, 125 OLIVER, BISSELL & CO., South. Bend, - - - - Indiana, Are prepared to Manufacture all kinds of MACHINERY CASTINGS, PULLIES, HANaERS, SHAFTINQ, &c. Also, Manufactured and always on hand, Steel <£ Cast Iron. PIows^ OP THE MOST APPROVED PATTERNS, ^m, SCRAPERS, Plo^w^ Castings, Plo^w^ Points, And generally everything in the Casting Line. Our patterns are mostly new and of the latest styles. Patterns made for any desired castings. We pay personal attention to our business, and having had long experience, expect to be able to give the most perfect satisfaction. Call on or address OLIVER, BISSELL & CO. South Bend, Ind. 126 GAZETTEER OP THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. THE GREAT CARRIAGE & WAGON FACTORY At South Bend, Indiana. STUDEBAKER BROS. The Arrangements for 1867 and 1868 are Complete. Founded in 1852 with willing hands and stout hearts, but no capital. We have struggled upward, overcoming all discourage- ments, until to-day we employ One Hundred and Thirty Hands, And turn out MORE WORK than any other Wagon Factory in Indiana. We are willing to abide by the injunction " by their works ye shall know them." Let our works praise us; we ask no other indorsement. We claim to be Unsurpassed in excellence of Workmansliip and Material, And we make our prices such that no prudent man will claim to undersell us. On this base we plant our flag, and here we propose to fight to the end. Confident of our ability we declare to all men that we will not surrender while a "shot remains in the locker," nor while we have the means to justify our proposed end, which we assert to be ENTIRE AND UNCONDITIONAL SUCCESS. Our reputation, our interests, "all we are and all hope to be," ai'e involved in making good our pledges, and all we ask is that the public will give us a trial. If we are able, as we know we ai'e, to maintain ourselves agains all opposition, we will vindicate our motto, "ZASO^ OMJVJA riJVCIT." Our stock is complete and perfect. Wagons, Carriages, Bug- gies, Sleighs, and all vehicles always on hand in great variety, or made to order with dispatch. STUDEBAKER BROTHERS. SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 127 TH[ SOOTH BfND HYDRiOUC COMPiNY. This Company has recently greatly Improved the Eace on the East Side of the St. Joseph River, at the city of South Bend, and have put in New and Substantial Head-Gates, One Hundred feet Wide. Although the Power here is not as yet developed to its full capacity, there is sufficient now available for several large manufacturing establishments in addi- tion to those already in operation. The location is most excellent. The lots are large, and water abundant. A portion of this Power the Company propose to Lease or Sell to persons who wish to pro- ceed with the erection of factories. The Company has, by purchase, the right to use and draw which is sufiicient to supply a large number of establishments with cheap and durable power. We extract from a recent report of R. Rose, Esq., Civil Engin- eer, who has made careful measurements and surveys of the capacity of the river, the following statements : " The present stage of water, (April 19th, 1866,) gives eleven thousand one hundred and fiftj^-seven gross horse power, the medium stage of water gives eight thousand five hundred and one gross horse power, and low stage of wa- ter, three feet below the present water surface, gives six thousand six hundred and thirty-five gross horse power. One-half ot the latter power gives to the east side of river, three thousand three hundred and seventeen and a half gross horse power. " With the present state of development of the above power, I know of no place in the North-West which affords so favorable an opportunity for creat- ing a great water-power, at such inconsiderable expense." Attention is directed to the class of factories and branches of business that could be advantageously pursued here. A paper mill could not fail to be a good investment. Our proximity to the Chicago and western markets, the abundance of material, (thou- sands of tons of straw being annually burnt and destroyed in the county,) and the cheapness of living, are inducements that cannot be ignored. An edge tool factory, a large woolen factory, furniture factories, wagon factories, would all find a desirable location and a good market for all their products. We would invite the attention of capitalists, East and West, to the importance, cheapness, aud the superior advantages of this water-power. Further information will be given upon application to the " South Bend Hydraulic Company." Reference is made to Hon. Thomas S. Stanfleld, and W. G. George, Esq., South Bend, who are well acquainted with all the advantages presented by these superior mill sites. ^W See page 60, Turner's Gazetteer of the St. Joseph Valley. 128 GAZETTEER OP THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. PEAT AND FARM LANDS, -A.X.SO FIISTE D^IRY FA.RMS worn BMI^'M I Lying in St. Joseph County, Indiana, 800 acres of First Quality Peat Lands ; 3,600 acres of Rich Land, about 600 acres of which, is Choice Timber; 1,500 acres of Fine Prairie, and 1,500 acres Rich Bottom Lands, and can be advantageously divided into farms of from 200 to 500 acres each. The bottom land will yield annually, 3,000 tons of Hay, of good quality. The Prairie and Wood land can be used for PASTUEE AND PLOUGH LANDS, and will furnish good rail and building timber, with shade and shelter for the stock. The whole is enclosed into eight large fields — has an abundant sujoply of pure water, with good building sites ; and being in a healthy and well settled neighborhood, is every way adapted for the Also about 3,000 acres of Oak, Hickory, Maple, Beach and Larch Timber Lands. The timber is of large growth and good quality. Also, A VALUABLE WATER PRIVILEGE Of 150 horse power, with land sufficient for the buildings, say, from 50 to 200 acres, or more, if required. All of the above lands are well located, have a rich soil, being well watered, and are ex- cellent for farming purposes. The whole, or any part of the above, WILL BE SOLD VERY LOW, And on easy terms of Payment. Enquire of ISAAC ESMAY, At the Court House, m South Bend. MISHAWAKA, INDIANA. The Post Office is on Vistula Street, west of Main. Col. Newton Bingham is Postmaster. TOWN OFFICERS. Marshal — Henry Cooper. Clerk — Wm. H. Judkins. Treasurer — Frank Bingham. Trustees — 1st Ward: W. Judkins. 2d Ward : Joseph Warden. 3d Ward : Joseph Whitson. 4th Ward : H. Milburn. 5th Ward : A. H. Long. 6 th Ward : Henry Hane. CHURCHES IN MISHAWAKA. Methodist Episcopal — Corner of Vistula and Church streets. Rev. R. H. Sparks, pastor. Presbyterian — Corner of Vistula and Mill streets. Rev. E. Scofield, pastor. Christian Chapel — Vistula, between Mill and Spring streets. Rev. Elder Ira Chase, in charge. Episcopal — Spring, between First and Second streets. Rev. R. Brass, pastor. Catholic — Third, between Mill and Spring streets. German Evangelical — Third, between Main and Mill streets. Rev. P. Wagner, pastor. Lutheran — Front, between Main and Church streets. Rev. G. Schuster, pastor. Evangelical Association — Barbee's Addition. Rev. Mr. Herdel, pastor. 130 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. The Masonic Organizations in Mishawaka, with their present officers, are as follows : MISHAWAKA LODGE No. 103. W. M.— Henry G. Niles. S. W.— John T. Kellogg. J. W. — Newton Bingham. Treas.— J. H. Whitson. Secy. — J. O. Evans. S. D.— Thomas Pates. J. D. — E. R. Huntsinger. Tyler— H. H. Fraats. MISHAWAKA COUNCIL No. 19. T. J. M. — George Milburn, Senior. Dept. T. J. M.— J. H. Whitson. C. S. W.— J. T. Kellogg. C. G.— Thomas Pates. Recorder. — J. O. Evans. Treasurer. — J. D. Milburn. Sentinel. — George Hess. Or>3D FEX.LO"^7VS. MONITOR LODGE No. 286. N. G. — James Easton. V. G.— Thomas S. Long. Secy. — Washington Gibson. Treas. — A. H. Lonor. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. President— J. S. Ball. Vice President — H. H. Judson. " " — Mrs. Jenny Honser. Cor, Secretary — L. F. Cole. Rec. Secretary — Miss K. E. Merrifield. Treasurer — Tabor Ham. Librarian — Miss R. E. Grimes. MISHAWAKA ADVERTISEMENTS. 131 GEO. MILBURN & CO., ]nanufacturere» of all kinds of FARM AND SPRING Sensible of the universal tendency to anti-war prices', it has been and shall be our endeavor to touch the lowest possible point which economy in production, coupled with a per- fect article, will permit. Our aim is to allow no one to surpass us in the quality of our work, and to sustain that reputation which the public have hitherto generously awarded us, as manufacturers of To this end we use none but SELECTED AND WELL SEASONED TIMBER, AND THE And our workmen are mostly those who have for years labored with and for us to build up the large business which we now con- duct. All our machinery is dri-ven by power furnished by the beautiful ST. JOSEi'ia: i^iVER,, The best, cheapest and most desirable motive power in the West. Whatever intelligence, industry and application can accomplish may be relied on by our correspondents and customers, as we are determined not to be surpassed in any market, either in QUALITY OR ECONOMY OF PRICES. We have Depositories at KANSAS CITY and NEW ORLEANS. Address at Kansas City, MAC. B. GRAHAM. " New Orleans, BUSBY, LITTLE & CO. 132 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. H. B. &. L. W. MARTIN, WHOLESALE MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OP BLACK WALNUT AND MAPLE Wood and Cane Seat Chairs, Bureaus, STANDS, MISHAWAKA, IND. D Seasoned Lumber of the choicest kind only used. Immediate attention paid to filling orders. CASH FAID FOB WALITUT, liIAFLE AND FOFLAB LUHBEB. BLESS, KENA & CO., Wholesale Manufacturers of all kinds of INCLUDING BEDSTEADS, BUREAUS, SOFAS, CHAIHS, First Class Chamber Setts, Looking Glass Frames, ALL OF THE LATEST PATTERNS, MISHAWAEA, INDIANA. All Furniture made from the best seasoned lumber and warranted. Cash paid for Black Walnut, Cherry, Maple and Poplar Lumber. MISHAWAKA ADVEETISEMENTS. 133 JUDSON, MONTGOMERY & CO., WHOLESALE MANUFACTURERS OP BEDSTEADS, BUREAUS, ll^lfBi^ ©EMl^l I^IMS^, Plain and Fancy Pillared Extension Tables, CHAMBER SETS, And generally all kinds of Walnut, Oak, Cherry and Ash Household Furniture. -A.i.SO, In great variety. We use no materials except of the very best quality and our lumber is all thoroughly seasoned. Information given in relation to prices and any other matter connected with our business, on application by letter or otherwise. Ours is much the LAEGEST rUENITURE MANUFAOTOEY IK INDIANA, Which is a fact suggestive of our ability to do 134 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. THE Is published at Mishawaka, Indiana, in the Enterprise Building, Opposite Town Hall, every Saturday, at It circulates extensively in every part of St. Joseph and adjoin- ing counties, and is one of the best mediums of advertising in this section of the country. It aims to be a first-class paper, and its subscription list is constantly increasing. iir^i In connection with the newspaper office, is a first-class JOB PITTING office:, Lately supplied with the recent styles of type, with good presses, and conducted by competent workmen. We do not, therefore, hesitate to say that we can do all kinds of work as neatly, and as cheaply as any other office in the west. HANDBILLS, CARDS, CIRCULARS, And generally, all kinds of printing done on short notice. Tri/ us onfie, and you will try us again. N. V. BROWER, Proprietor. MISHAWAKA ADVERTISEMENTS. ST. JOSEPH 135 MISHAWAKA, ST. J-OSEFH CO., - - - nsriDi-A-isrA.. Manufacturers of the Celebrated Mishawaka Silver Hardened Steel PLOWS, SHOVEL PLOWS, CULTIVATORS, &c. We also manufacture a large variety of Cast Iron Plows, includ- ing the Curtis Iron Beam. Extras constantly on hand. Castings and Machinery of all kinds made to order. We have the largest collection of patterns in Northern Indiana, and our facilities for manufacturing are unsurpassed. The St. Joseph Iron Company's Store is at all times filled with all sorts of Which will be sold at the lowest prices compatible with QUICK SALES AND SMALL PROFITS. We hold ourselves responsible for this statement: WE WILL NOT BE UNDEBSOLD ! ! 136 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. DODQE & MILBURN, DEALERS IN SHELF & HEAVY HARDWARE, STOVES & TIN-WARE, WOODEN-WARE, DOORS, SASH, AndAll Kinds of SAWS. A. B. JUDSON&SON, DEALERS IN China, Glass and Queensware, Carpets, Floor and Oil C^tlis, BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, CAPS AND FURS. Manufacturers and Dealers in READY-MADE CLOTHING. Mishawaka, Indiana. A. HUDSON & CO., BOOTS AND SHOES, Eeady-Made, and Made to Order, IN THE BEST MANNER, AND WARRANTED, Vistula Street, - - Misha waka, Ind. Joseph Heiser, OVER MILBURN'S STORE, MANUFACTURER OF > Especial attention given to JTZZZ TICKS AJV^ SHIJVGZB Ji-JVIYES, MISHAWAKA, - - - INDIANA. MISHAWAKA ADVERTISEMENTS. 137 MISEEA-^V^KA. MILLS, ALL WOKK WABEANTED. CASH PAID FOR WHEAT. MISHiWiEi, IIB". GEORG-E H. SISSON, ATTORNEY AT LAW, CONVEYANCER, &c. Collections promptly attended to. McLAFFERTY & VAN DEUSEN, DEALERS IN Mr GLASS AND DYE STUFFS, MISHiWikKi, - - - ej>JMik. PALMER & WARDEN. MACHINERY NEW AND IN PERFECT ORDER. CASH FOR AVOOI«. MISHAWAKA, IND. Loshbough & Costello, WHOLESALE MANUFACTURERS OF BLACK WALNUT, POPLAR AND SCREW RAIL EXTENSION TABLES, WASHSTANDS, CEIBS, ETC., MISHAWAKA, IND. 10 138 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. W. J. THOKNDYKE & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF Orders Solicited and Promptly Filled. Work Warranted. FR. POPPENDICK, SXJI»EItIOR L-A-G-ER, BEER .A.T WHOLES-A-XjE, MISHAWAKA, IND. BINGHAM & HUDSON, DEALERS IN 'wQi li, §itoefies$Booti|Sb4 Eeady-Made Clothing, Crockery, Glass Ware, &Ci, J. H. EBERHART & CO., And Dealers in all kinds of Household Supplies, MAIN, BELOW VISTULA STREET, MISHAWAKA, IND. Justice of the Peace, Collector & Conveyancer, liVEST SIDE— MAIN, BELOAV VISTUIiA STREET, MISHAWAKA ADVERTISEMENTS. 139 Mi M A\ "^ "■ IM9 MANUFACTURERS OP DOUBLE STEEL AXES, [TRUE MISHAWAKA PATTERN,] Shingle Knives, Broad Axes, Sledges, Stone Hammers, Mill Picks, &c. MISHAWAKA, IND. CLARE & WHITSON, DEALERS IN Bf 4F11 & f Mli¥ 11¥ mmB, FAMILY GROCERIES, Boots & Shoes, Crockery & G-lass Ware, Hats & Caps, READY-MADE CLOTHING AND CLOTHING MADE TO ORDER, CORNER MAIN AND VISTULA STREETS, MISHAWAKA, IND. l^^li^ MIllIl A. CASS & CO. Custom Work promptly done and Warranted. Highest Market Price for Wheat. Foot of Main Street, Mishawaka, Ind. [KHillGf, BUNKING AND COllOON HOUSL A_. B. jxjDsoisr & soisr, T. S. COWLES, Attorney at Law, ITotary PuUic, COLLECTOR AND CONVEYANCER, MISHAWAKA, IND. 140 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. "^^ ^ ^^ Farm Wagons, Spring Wagons. GEOUGE mLBUm & CO., PB0PRIET0R8 OF THE GREAT WATER-POWER ° AT ffllSAWAKA, IND., Offer at greatly REDUCED PRICES, at wholesale or retail, a great variety of their celebrated Wagons, all of which, in every particular, are FULLY WARRANTED. The sys- tem to which we have reduced our business, the su- perior quality of the material at our command, the excellence of the mechanical ability in our employment, together with a long experience are grounds for the assurance that The Quality of our Work shall not be Surpassed, And that while realizing a reasonable profit, we WILL NOT BE LTNDERSOLD. We have studied the requirements of the public and are determined to meet all demands. We have always on hand at our depositories at Mishawaka, Kansas City and New Orleans, great numbers and all varieties of Wagons, which buyers are invited to examine. Address George Milburn & Co., Mishawaka, Ind. " Mac B. Graham, Kansas City, Mo. " Busby, Little & Co., New Orleans, La. ELKHAET, INDIANA. K. K. Brush is Postmaster at Elkhart A new Post Oifice is soon to be built, almost exactly like the one at South Bend. TOWN OFFICERS. Marshal — Geo. M. Colburn. ClerJih-^: E. Smith. Treasurer — S. Maxon. Assessor — Albert Burns. Attorney — Hon. M. F. Shuey. Trustees — A. M. Tucker. C. Beardsley. C. J. Gillett. CHURCHES IN ELKHART. Episcopal — Conley's Hall. Rev. Mr. Averill, pastor. Baptist — Pigeon street. Rev. Mi*. Russell, pastor. Presbyterian — Corner High and Second streets. Rev. J. W. Fowler, pastor. Methodist — Second, between High and Franklin streets. Rev. Mr. Lacey, pastor. Lutheran — Conley's Hall. Rev. R. F. Delo, pastor. Spiritualists — City Hall. German Methodist. 142 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. isa:A.&oi^m^0)] Attorney at Law and Solicitor in Chancery, OFFICE IN THE MASONIC BLOCK, COLDWATEE, MICH. W. J. BOWEN, Attorney at Law & Circuit Court Commissioner,, COLDWATER, MICHIGAN. 11 154 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. Silfllll ffilCHIgill Hifll, North-west corner of Public Square, COLDWATER, MICH., M. L. STRO]Sra, Proprietor. SPAULDING, DIBBLE & CO., DEALERS IN STAPLE & F AITCY DHY GOODS 41 Chicago Street, Coldwater, Mich. 3^^ The only exclusively Dry Goods House in the city. EXCELSIOR DINING HALL, S. N. CORNELL, PROPRIETOR, MONROE STREET, COLDWATER, MICHIGAN. Warm Meals prepared at all Hours. J. W. SHIVELY, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN ALL KINDS OP • COLDWATER, MICHIGAN. LOTJIS T. K WILSON, HAMLET B. ADAMS, Attorney at Law & Solicitor in Chancery, COLDWATER. MICH. '5 COLDWATKR ADVERTISEMENTS. 155 WATEH CTOE HTFIRMAEY, COLDWATER, MICH. ON THE MICHIGAN SOl'THERN AND NORTHERN INDIANA R. R. The Building is new, built expressly for the business, and is permanently located. To the Diseased, — those who are sick and considered incur ible, — who are suffering with pain and can find no relief, — who are paralyzed and have been given up by physicians, — who are near dying — we bid you hope — your health may yet be restored. The following diseases are positively and permanently cured by without pain or inconvenience : Palsy, or Paralysis of every variety ; Consumption, Rheumatism, Acute and Chronic Neuralgia; Torpid Liver; Bronchitis, Catarrh, Asthma, Spinal Complaints, Scrofula, Dyspepsia, Deafness of all kinds, Blindness and Weak Eyes, St. Vitus Dance, Salt Rheum, Prolapsus Uteri, Piles, Female Weakness and Irregularities, General Debilty, Stiff Joints, Constipation and every spe- cie of Chronic and Nervous diseases. We treat the above diseases with great success if they are curable. We make no compromise with the stomach in the way of drugs. We claim to be purely Eclectic, relying much upon Water and Electricity. Electricity is the natural element of the nervous system — the connecting link between mind and matter, the most absolute and subtle substance known. It circulates the blood ; is the cause of voluntary and involuntary motion ; produces all the chemical changes in the system- -decompositions and recom- positions, and always co-operates with vitality in imparting health and strength to the human system. If Electricity is the generating agent of human life, how important it must be in the continuance of that life, and in the preserva- tion of health ! Electricians have for ages witnessed the astonishing effects of Electricity from their own random experiments, in controlling the most obstinate dis- eases, and have attributed their frequent failures more to their own ignorance than to any lack of virtue in the agent ; and it has for a long time been the opinions of the most scientific investigators, that it was the vitalizing, animat- ing, sustaining, and all-controlling power, which, if properly applied to the human system, would regulate and control all the various functions of life. Mrs. Jane R. Willsou, M. D., a lady of much experience, is with me, to take charge of the female department. For further particulars, address H. F. BEOWN, M. D., Proprietor. p. O. Box, 130. COLDWATER, MICH. 156 GAZETTEER OP THE ST, JOSEPH VALLEY. O. B. QUIGLEY, J/fLfl WT r^& 7 \mMY!MmM,,^ Micaaei \ Tf The best of Horses, the best of Carriages, the best of every- thing in the Livery line. Horses Sold or Exchanged on Fair Terms. The best of Hacks in tlie city running to and from the cars, and any part of the city. Stages for Marshall, Union City, and Angola. CASH FOR HAY AND ALL KINDS OF GEAIN AND FEED. THE IS PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY, AT THE CIT7 OP BY SMITH & MOOEE, AT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM, IN ADVANCE. It has a large circulation, and is an excellent medium for advertising. % THE ADVERTISING RATES ARE AS FOIiLOWS : One square, (ten lines), one to tliree weelcs, $1.00. " " three months, 2.50. " " six months, 4.00. " " twelve months, 7.00. One quarter column, one year, 25.00. One-half column, one year, 40.00. One column, one year, 75.00, MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 157 Ills 1111, 111 UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SISTEHS OF HOLY CEOSS. No resident of this thriving young city need be told of the beauty and healthfulness of the site of this institution. It is situated on Gen. Taylor street, at the head of Wayne, on, perhaps, the highest spot of ground in the city, of which, it commands a full view. The grounds of the academy are well laid out, and embrace a full acre, reaching from Gen Taylor street to Scott, thus affording ample space to the pupils for recreation. The building has been finished at an expense of nearly twenty thousand dollars, and has everything that could be desired, or the dictate of experience could reasonably require for an educational establishment. The building being extensive, the pupils have the invaluable advantage of •well ventilated halls for preparing their classes, separate from' their recitation rooms. And, exteriorly, the building is an ornament of the city, so beautiful in itself ! The Sisters, as teachers, need no eulogy ; for even those who have not known them by experience, could not have failed to know them through others, since their praise as efficient teachers of manners, morals, and science combined, is upon the lips of the many who can speak of them from experience. The regular course of studies in this institution, embraces all the branches required to complete a thorough education, including Music, vocal and instru- mental. Drawing and Painting; the various branches of Needle Work; the French, German and Latin languages. To meet the wislies of German parents, and others who may desire a tho- rough course in the German language, a department exclusively German, has been opened in the academy, which is under the charge of native, German Sisters. Thus affording more than ordinary facility in the acquisition of a language, after the English, the most useful to the inhabitants of the Western States. A few steps from the academy, the Sisters have opened a " Minim School" for boys under ten years of age. This department is intended to supply a want much felt by parents in every city. Boys under this tender age, if they go to school, at all, are crowded into schools among associates of a more ad- vanced age, and they seldom learn much except what is detrimental to their manners and morals. Under the mild government of the Sisters, who per- form, in their regard, the duties of the best of mothers, their condition is far different. This eveiy parent will readily understand. That tender solicitude, therefore, which parents* must feel for their children at that age, will, doubt- l(iss, bring this department a liberal patronage. From the above it may be seen, that the educational wants of the citizens of South Bend, are, in this institution, fully supplied ; and their liberal patron- age hitherto, shows that they appreciate the advantages thus placed within their reach. Terms are very moderate. 158 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. michigan'southern With its connections, the MOST RELIABLE ROUTE to all points in the Eastern States and the Dominion of Canada. Four Express Trains leave Chicago daily CONNECTIONS ARE At DETROIT with Grand Trunk and Great Western Railways. At TOLEDO with Lake Shore and Dayton & Michigan Railroads. At CLYDE and MONROEVILLE with Trains for all points in Cen- tral and Southern Ohio. At CLEVELAND with Atlantic & Great Western, Cleveland & PittsburiT. At DUNKIRK with Erie Railway. At BUFFALO with Erie, and New York Central Railways, for all points in New York and the New England States. Passengers coming West by the South Shore Line have choice of Four Express Trains from Toledo over this first-class Road. Or, coming to Detroit via the Canada Roads, then connect with the Michigan Southern, through from DETROIT TO CHICAGO WITHOUT CHANGE Elegant and most comfortable Sleeping Cars are run on all Night Trains. Through to Detroit and Cleveland without change. Salisbury's Patent Dusters are used on Day Trains, and, also, the most comfortable and well ventilated Smoking Cars in the country. We hold out the following inducements for public patronage : GOOD, CLEAN EATING HOUSES. LTixiirious Sleeping Cars—Day Coaches with all Modern Improvements. A SMOOTH TRACK, Not secoud to any on this Continent. And, TAKE ALWAYS AS LOW AS BY OOMPETINa LINES. The new and elegant Passenger Depot at Chicago, erected this season, is a great object of interest. Tickets by this popular route may be had at all principal ticket offices in the United States. 0. r. HATCH, SAML. 0. HOUGH, Gen. Supt., Chicago, HI. Gen. Pass'r Agt., Chicago, III. MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 159 mCAU, DEIVEIUG & CO., Wholesale and Retail Dealers in all kinds of HARDWARE, STOVES Cor. Washington and Michigan Sts., Always on hand and for sale at the very lowest figure, Iron, Steel, Nails, (Jlass, Putty, Paints, Oils, Brushes, ANB ALL KINDS OF BUILDING HARBlfARE. ALSO, 4§lISIIafH41 IMF llMllf S, COOPEB'S AVD CABFSKTEB'S TOOLS, ^§uiktx and %Mtx lilting, Circnlar, Mill and Cross Cnt Saws^ ROPES AND CORDAG-E, All kinds of Tin Work Made to Order. -A-OElsTTS FOR. The " La Belle" Nail Works, Wheeling, West Virginia; Laffel & Baldwin's Union Churns ; William Mann & Co.'s Mishawaka Pattern Axes. Also, Genuine Mishawaka Axes. 160 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. SOUTH BEND, INDIANA, A. A. ALLEN, Proprietor, Formerly of tlie Bramble House, Lafayette, Indiana, > I have leased the Dwight House for a term of years, and after October 1, 1867, shall be glad to see all my old friends and the public generally there. See page 99 of this Gazetteer. A. A. ALLEN. WM. KNOBLOCK. THEO. E. KNOBLOCK. KHOBLOCK BEOTHEHS, MANUPACTUKERS OF IMPROVED ORDERS KINDLY SOLICITED. Post Office Box 115. m®. 11®. MISCELLANEOUS ADVEETISEMENTS. 161 J. C. & C. "W^. HOUR, MANUFACTURERS OF AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN Hamburg and Western Eeserve Cheese, WELLINGTOlSr, Lorain County, OHIO. i^^ All orders promptly filled at the lowest market prices. E. M. PLIMPTON, Attorney and Counsellor at Law, AND SOLICITER IN CHANCERY, B¥OHikHikl, BERRIEN COUNTY, MJGHJ'^:^!?. HENRY A. FORD, l^tt^nif g k ^0mtsdl0r at %m, AJVS) SOLICITOR IJV CHAJVCB^RTj Willi, MI©Me Soldiers' Claims adjusted; Back Pay, Bounty and Pensions ob- tained. Collections promptly made. EDSO N FOSTER, DEALERS IN Glass and Earthen Ware, Boots, Shoes, Hats, Caps, PLOWS, PARMERS' TOOLS, &c., MIDDLEBUEY, - - - Elkhart County, - - - INDIANA. C-A-SH FOIi I^HOIDXJOE. 162 GAZETTEER OP THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. THE PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH, BY MRS. L. H. KIMBALL, -AT 167 SOUTH CLARK STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. i>mms. It is an Octavo, printed on good paper and embellished with fine electrotype illustrations. Some of our best writers are engaged as regular contributors. We teach no human creeds ; Nature is our Law-giver ; to deal justly our religion. The children want Amusement, History, Romance, Music ; they want Moral, Mental and Physical culture. We hope to aid them in their search for these treasures. TEmvilS OF etTJJBSGTHFTIOlSJ- z One year, One Dollar, in advance. 10 copies, to one address f 9.00 25 do. do. 32.00 50 do. do 45.00 100 do. do. 90.00 Subscribers in Canada must pay twenty cents per year in addition, for pre- payment of American postage. Subscribers wisliing tlie direction of tlieir paper changed must always state the name of the town, county and State to whicli it has been sent. Money can be sent by Postoffice Orders, but when drafts on New York or Boston can be procured, we prefer them. All subscriptions discontinued at the expiration of the time subscribed for. 5^" Specimen copies, Five cents. All communications should be addressed to MRS. LOU. H. KIMBALL, p. O. Drawer 5956, CHICAGO, ILL. MISCELLANEOUS ABVEETISEMENT8. 163 DSIVIOCRiLTIC UBIIOir, A FIEST CLASS WEEKLY NEWSPAPEE, PUBLISHED AT WMt© ^Ig©@m8 "coZr MieMiiiffij BY GEORGE C. HACKSTAFF. The Union affords an excellent medium for advertising, and aims to be a good Family Newspaper. JOB PRUSTTIISTG, Of all kinds neatly and promptly done at reasonable prices. No. 4 ST. JOSEPH BLOCK, SOUTH BEND, - - - - INDIANA, DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF Confectionery, Canned Fruits, Uuts PICKLES, SAUCES, CIGARS, ETC. LADIES' & GENTLEMEN'S RESTAURANT. wmm MiALs m ^ummsn' apc© ust mum. Served at all hours. DAY BOARDERS ACCOMMODATED. GREEN FRUIT IN THEIR SEASON. NO LIQUORS SOLD. 164 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. BEKRIEN COUNTY ABSTRACT OFFICE. BACON & KING, i^lSLES, EV9ICHIGAN. Particular attention paid to the making of Abstracts of Titles in Berrien county, to the payment of Taxes, perfecting titles, and the foreclosure and collection of mortgages. Collections will be promptly attended to. D. BACON, Attorney at Law. JOHN KING. A.TTORISrEY ^T L^^V^, (With Goodwin & Larned,) Mccormick's Building, P. O. Box 384. CHICAGO, ILL. PULSOM, ILSLEY & CO., Have dissolved by mutual consent and the business of the North-western ^^ Excelsior ^^ Manufacturing Co. Will hereafter be carried on by See page 123, this Gazetteer. A.. V. P. D^Y, DEALER IX ^ ADRIAN, MICH. Bill t glAlllll, Engravers on Wood and Label Printers, COLOEED LABELS OF ALL KINDS MADE TO ORDEE, (smith & Nixon's building,) S. W. Oor. WasMnffton & Clark Sts., CHICAGO, ILL. MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 165 AMiLTON & RUC^M PROPRIETOBS. We manufacture Flour from best selected White and Amber Wheat, and Avarrant our productions strictly first class Family- Flour. Our mill has recently been put in excellent repair, and we are now using six runs of stones constantly. Our power is abundant and constant, not being materially affected by drouths or freshets. Cars on the St. Joseph Valley Railroad deliver wheat and take flour from our mill without expense of drayage. 11^^ Ship Stuff in small or large quantities always for sale. HAMILTON & RUCKMAK ^H BSjj^*!^ r wp" © IP w If wi < ^iJIi^llIIIMPi mhll PRUtT8 CULTIVATED lU PERFEOTION. Strawberries, Easpberries, Blackberries, Grapes, Etc. PliANTS SOIiD AND VARIETIES ^'ARKANTED. WE HAVE ALWAYS ON HAND THE NEWEST AND CHOICEST VARIETIES. Catalogues furnished on application personally or by mail, to FEKKl MANUFACTURER OP ESPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO 166 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. ST. jos: M EAILKOAB TROM WHITE PIG-EON, THIiOXJGUI Constantine, Three Rivers & Schoolcraft, TO AMiiMMAMiQ)Qf> mmmi^Am^ DAY TRAINS CONNECT WITH TRAINS EAST ANB AVEST ON THE MICHIGAN SOUTHERN RAILROAD AT WHITE PIGEON. This is the important connecting Roa»i between the Michigan Southern and Michigan Central Roads. E. GARDNEE, Supt. INDEX TO SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. Adams & Sumption 104-107 Anderson, Andrew 106 Anderson, King & Alexander 118 Arnold, J. B. Jr., 123 Beal, A. &Co 88 Bulla & Rose 101 Bertrand, Alex 118 Bauer, Franz, Jr 119 Bonney, James 119 Burt, J. A. Dr 120 Brownfield John 123 Blowney, H.J 123 Buysee, Edward 123 College, Northern Indiana 89 Coquillard, A 95-115 Coquillard, A. »& Co 96 Chockelt, J. A 106 Chapin & Gushing 117 Gushing, A. G. & W. F 118 Gorning, J. N 118 CliflFord, A. B 121 Dwight House 99 Deming, D 99 Dunn & Go • 123 Davis, James 124 Eddy & Henderson 123 Esmay, Isaac 128 Friedberger, M 104 Fitch & Bro 114 Fulsom, Ilsley & Go 123 George & Pfleger 100 Gillen, Ed 119 Gallagher, John 121 Hatch, D 114 Hanford, W. H. Dr 118 Hitchcock, L 120 Ham, L. J. Dr 120 Hagen, Geo 121 Harper & Massey 122 Hodson, G. G 122 Huey & Co 122 Hertzell & Hartman 122 Humphreys, Dr. L 122 Howe, Geo. A 122 Hardman, Jacob 124 Ireland & Gish 94 Johnston's Nursery 117 Knoblock Brothers 107 Knoblock & Buchtel 115 Knoblock, Zeitler «& Co 117 Keedy, John H 119 Liphart, C. & Co 95 Lautz Bro's & Co 98 Layton, Geo. F 98 Lemen, Grether & Go 104 Lewis, S. & Son 112 Lett, J. B 119 Laberdic, Randolph 123 Malloy, E. & Go 90 Miller, B. F. & Son 93 Marsh & Miller 99 Martin & Smith 119 Martin, C. W 119 Middleton, C. H 120 Myers, Dr. S. F 131 Miller, William 121 McDonald, Albert 121 Mussel Brothers 123 Northern Indiana College National Union, (paper) Nicar, Deming & Co Neuperth & Benz Notre Dame 108- Nevins, G. F Oliver, Bissell & Co Pagin, Dr. L. & Bro's Register, (paper) Ruggles, J. W Reed & Coonley Rhodes & Siegfried .Shively's Hall. Skinner, I Seltzer, John K St. Patrick's Select School St. Mary's Academy Spencerian Commercial College. . . Studebaker Bro's 105-113- South Bend Graded School Strayer, Jacob & Co 110- South Bend Billiard Parlor St, Joseph Valley Billiard Parlors. St. Joseph Academy Shively, D. M Stover, J. W. Dr Staley, Alexander C South Bend Woolen Mills Stockford & Kent Stanfield & Stanfield South Bend Hydraulic Co Turner, T. G Turner, Miss Flora L Treanor, John Tutt & Severance University of Notre Dame... . 108- Van Sickle's Fine Art Gallery Vinson, Charles Witherill & Co Wheeler & Orvis Wade, A. B Young & Merriman 130 8.9 90 93 106 109 120 125 101 88 91 100 104 93 97 101 103 103 104 136 107 -111 113 114 116 118 119 120 120 120 124 127 117 118 121 124 -109 118 122 101 107 121 INDEX TO MISHAWAKA. ADVERTISEMENTS. Bless, Kena& Co 132 Brower, N. V 134 Bingham & Iliulson 138 Clark & Whitson 139 Cass, A. & Co 139 Cowles, T. S 139 D(Kl?e & Milburn 136 Eberhart, J. H. & Co 138 Hudson, A. & Co 138 Heiser, Joseph 136 Judson, Montgomery & Co 133 Judson, A. B. & Son 136-139 Judson, A. B. & Co 137 Loshbough & Costell 137 Milburn, George & Co 131- Martin, H. B. & L. W Mishavvaka Enterprise McLafferty & Van Deusen Mishawaka Woolen Mills Nottage & Ball Perkins, P. C Palmer & Warden Poppendick, Fr Ripple Mills St. Joseph Iron Company Sisson, George H Thorndvke, W. J. & Co Taylor," Elijah , INDEX TO ELKHART ADVERTISEMENTS. Brown, B. F 145 Beardsley, C 145 Bucklen, Isaac 146 Cummins, S. M 145 Clifton House 145 Doty, D. M & N. P 146 Elkhart Marble Works 146 Faber, A. E 146 Gee R. Stoddard & Son 143 INDEX TO GOSHEN ADVERTISEMENTS. Lanman, John T Mabbey & Brother Mann, C. B. & Co Main, O. H Patrick & Son Raymond & Kibbe . . . . Runyan, Dr. D. H Railroad Eating House. Bristol Steam Flouring JNIill 149 Ellis, E. W. H 149 Fassett, Herb. S 149 Goshen Democrat 149 Great Hydraulic Power Hascall & Alderman . . . Hydraulic Power Marshall, L. A. & Co . . , INDEX TO BRISTOL ADVERTISEMENTS. Bristol Hydraulic Company 151 Bristol House 152 Birch & Aitkin 152 Fowler, Solomon 152 INDEX TO COLDWATER ADVERTISEMENTS. Probasco, W Roe, F. M Romaine, Samuel B Adams, Hamlet B 154 Bowen, W. J 153 Bowen, AV. J. & O. A 153 Brown, Dr. H. F 155 Coe, George A 153 Cornell, S. N 154 Coldwater Sentinel 156 Excelsior Dining Hall 154 Parsons, E. G 153 B Quiglev, O. Republican Southern Michigan Hotel Strong, M. L Spaukling, Dibble & Co. , Shively, J.W Smith '& Moore, Wilson, Louis T.N Water Cure Infirmary INDEX TO MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. Allen, A. A. South Bend, Indiana. 160 Brown, Mrs. H. F. M. Chicago, 111. 162 Bacon & King, Niles, Michigan. . . 164 Bond & Chandler, Chicago 164 Dwight House, South Bend 160 Democratic Union, White Pigeon. 163 Day, A. V. P., Adrian, Mich 164 Foster, Edson, Middlebury, Ind. . . 161 Ford, Henry A., Niles, Mich 161 Fulsom & Grannis, South Bend. . . 164 Horr, J. C. & C. W. Wellington, O. 161 HackstafT, Geo. C, White Pigeon. . 163 Hamilton & Ruckman, 3 Rivers . . 165 Hazlitt & Reed, Chicago 166 Knoblock Bro's South Bend Kimball, Mrs. Lou H., Chicago. . . Lyceum Banner, Chicago Michigan Southern Railroad Mowliray & Buckley, South Bend. Nicar, Deming & Co., South Bend. Plimpton, E. M., Buchanan, Mich. Purdy, A. M., South Bend Perkins, P. C, Mishawaka, Ind. . . St. Joseph's Academy, South Bend St. Joseph Valley Railroad South Bend Nursery Towle, H. S., Chicago Three Rivers' Mills -140 133 134 137 137 139 136 137 138 139 135 137 138 138 146 144 144 145 146 145 145 146 150 149 150 149 153 153 153 156 153 154 154 154 154 156 154 155 160 163 163 158 163 159 161 165 165 157 166 165 164 165 Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process. Neutralizing Agent: Magnesium Oxide Treatment Date: JBBKKEEPER PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES. LP. 1 1 1 Thomson Park Drive Cranberry Township, PA 16066 (724)779-2111