b'\n\n\n\xe2\x96\xa0 \n\n\n\nStf** \n\n\n\n\nCHILCOTT\'S DESCRIPTIVE \n\nHISTORY OF BRISTOL, \n\nAncient attTJ Jj\xc2\xa5tottem; \n\nOR, \n\nA GUIDE TO BRISTOL, CLIFTON, & THE HOTWELLS : \n\nWITH \n\nTOPOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OP THE NEIGHBOURING VILLAGES, ETC, \n\nIllustrated with Maps, Copper and Wood Engravings. \n\n\n\nSEVENTH EDITION, WITH ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS, \n\n\n\n\nEquestrian Statue of King William III. in Queen Square. \n\nPUBLISHED BY J. CHILCOTT, 20, CLARE STREET, BRIST\' \n\n\n\n\nO^rrr^^- " -\xe2\x96\xa0 \n\n\n\nIB A wo \n\n\n\n?</ \n\n\n\nTO THE READER. \n\n\n\nThe Compiler of the following pages has attempted to com- \nbine a popular Guide with a descriptive history of the origin, \nboundary, extension, public buildings, the domestic history, \nhabitations, and manners, of Ancient Bristol ; he has also \nendeavoured to describe the public companies, principal insti- \ntutions, natural beauties, and topographical curiosities, of \nModern Bristol, Clifton, and the Hotwells ; and to give a \ncorrect and succinct Account of the Bristol Riots, October, 1831. \nHe has likewise inserted Topographical Notices of Clevedon, \nChepstow, Piercefield, Wynd Cliff, Tintern Abbey, Ilfracombe, \nPortshead, Swansea, Tenby, Weston-super-Mare, and of the \nVillages, Noblemen\'s and Gentlemen\'s Seats in the vicinity of \nBristol ; and every other local information which may be \nconsidered interesting or amusing. \n\nBristol, 1846. \n\n\n\nCONTENTS. \n\n\n\nINTRODUCTORY. \n\nPage. \n\nChurches and times of service vi. \n\nChapels ditto vii. \n\nPost-office Regulations 1 \n\nForeign Mails 2 \n\nOmnibuses, Cars, Flys, &c ib. \n\nSteam Navigation \xe2\x80\x94 Coasters .. 3 \n\nList of the Principal Hotels. . . . ib. \n\nBanks 4 \n\nSavings Bank ib. \n\nList of Newspapers ib. \n\n\xe2\x80\x94 Public Buildings 5 \n\nMarkets ib. \n\nLiterary Institutions 7 \n\nWalks in the City 11 \n\nRides in the Vicinity 13 \n\nANCIENT BRISTOL. \n\nOriginal Name and Boundary \n\nof Ancient Bristol 17 \n\nBristol High Cross ..\xe2\x80\x9e 22 \n\nBristol Castle 25 \n\nExtension of City Boundary . . 29 \n\nRemarkable Buildings 32 \n\nDomestic History, Habitations, \n\nand Manners of the Burgesses 34 \n\nRoyal Visits, Charters, &c 43 \n\nBristol Riots in 1831 62 \n\nTrials of the Prisoners 74 \n\nCourt Martial ib. \n\nTrial of the Mayor 75 \n\nMODERN BRISTOL. \n\nIts Situation 76 \n\nExtent 79 \n\nPopulation 80 \n\nLocal Government ib. \n\nCommerce 85 \n\nGreat Western Steamer 86 \n\nGreat Britain Ditto described 87 \n\nNo. of Ships inward & outward 92 \n\nNo. of Removals from other ports 94 \n\nDuties and Customs ib. \n\nIrish Imports and Exports .... 95 \n\nThe Tides 96 \n\nManufactories 97 \n\nCoal Fields, Geology, &c 102 \n\nGreat Western Railway 106 \n\nOxford Branch to Do 108 \n\nBristol and Exeter Railway . . ib. \nBristol and Gloster and Coalpit \n\nHeath Railway 109 \n\n\n\nCHURCHES. \n\nThe Cathedral ^ifo \n\nSt. Mary Redcliff 128 \n\nAll Saints 148 \n\nSt. Augustine the Less , 153 \n\nChrist Church 155 \n\nSt. George, Brandon Hill 157 \n\nSt. James 158 \n\nSt. John Baptist 165 \n\nSt. Mary-le-port 167 \n\nSt. Matthew 169 \n\nThe Mayor\'s Chapel 171 \n\nSt. Michael .* 177 \n\nSt. Nicholas 179 \n\nSt. Paul 182 \n\nSt. Barnabas ..., 183 \n\nSt. Andrew, Montpellier 184 \n\nSt. Peter and St. Paul 185 \n\nSt. Philip and Jacob 187 \n\nTrinity, West Street 191 \n\nSt Luke, near Cotton Factory ib. \n\nDistricts under Endowment Act 193 \n\nSt. Stephen 194 \n\nTemple 198 \n\nSt. Thomas 203 \n\nSt. Werburgh ^ 205 \n\nChapel for Asylum of the Blind 253 \n\n,, for Female Orphans. . . . 256 \n\nCHAPELS \nNOT OP THE ESTABLISHMENT. \n\nRoman Catholic 207 \n\nMoravian 209 \n\nWesleyan ib. \n\nIndependent 210 \n\nCountess of Huntingdon 212 \n\nTabernacle ib. \n\nSeamen\'s Floating ib. \n\nWelsh ib. \n\nBaptists 213 \n\nFriends , 215 \n\nUnitarian 216 \n\nBIBLE, MISSIONARY, & OTHER, \n\nRELIGIOUS SOCIETIES \' 217 \n\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS. \n\nCouncil House .\xe2\x80\x9e.. 223 \n\nGuildhall 224 \n\nBridewell \xe2\x80\x9e, 226 \n\nGaol ib. \n\nExchange 228 \n\nCustom House 230 \n\nOld Excise Office ib. \n\nPost Office ib. \n\nCommercial Rooms 231 \n\n\n\nVI. \n\n\n\nCONTEXTS. \n\n\n\npublic buildings.\xe2\x80\x94 (Continued.) \n\nPage. \n\nThe Arcades 232 \n\nMerchant Venturers\' Hall .... 233 \n\nBack Hall 234 \n\nMasonic Lodges ib. \n\nTheatre Royal ib. \n\nAssembly Rooms 235 \n\nBristol Library ... ib. \n\nBristol Institution 237 \n\nThe Bristol Athenaeum 241 \n\nThe Bristol Academy of Fine Arts 243 \n\nBristol Barracks 244 \n\nVictoria Rooms ib. \n\nBristol Cemetery 246 \n\nHospitals *.. 247 \n\nCharities 252 \n\nPublic Schools... 260 \n\nAlmshouses, &c 273 \n\nPainted Portraits in the Cham- \nber of Bristol, with Biogra- \nphical Sketches 276 \n\nHOTWELLS. \n\nThe Hotwells ...... 283 \n\nProperty of the Water and its \n\neffects......* 285 \n\nSpecific for various Diseases . . 287 \nLines by Lord Palmerston on \n\nthe Death of his Lady 288 \n\nTerms for Drinking the Water \n\nand Bathing 289 \n\nGloucester Hotel , 293 \n\nCumberland Hotel ib. \n\nYork Hotel ib. \n\nBoarding and Lodging Houses ib. \nBeauty of the Scenery .... 294, 303 \n\nDowry Chapel, Dowry Square 296 \n\nTrinity Church 297 \n\nHope Chapel 298 \n\nGrenville Chapel ib. \n\nSt. Vincent\'s Rocks 299 \n\nSuspension Bridge 301 \n\nBristol Stones 283,304 \n\nPlants growing at Clifton .... 305 \n\nWest\'s Observatory, Clift.Down 312 \n\nCook\'s Folly 3 18 \n\nSea Mills 319 \n\nCLIFTON. \n\nThe Crescents, Paragon, Sec. .. 321 \n\nClifton Church 323 \n\nSt. John\'s, Durdham Down.... ib. \n\nChrist Church, Clifton Park .. 324 \n\nClifton Hotel, Mall 325 \n\nBath Hotel - . . ib. \n\nBoarding and Lodging Houses 326 \n\nPost Office ib. \n\nAssembly Rooms ; Subscription, \nBilliard, Card, and Reading \n\nRooms ; Rides and Walks . . 327 \n\nSion Spring ib. \n\n\n\nclifton.\xe2\x80\x94 ( Continued J \n\nPage. \n\nLane & Co\'s Library and Read- \ning Room 328 \n\nMr. Lancaster\'s Ditto ib. \n\nHaggett\'s Ditto ib. \n\nManilla Hall, formerly the resi- \ndence of Sir Wm. Draper .. 329 \nGrotto of G. Goldney, Esq. . . 330 \n\nZoological Gardens 331 \n\nCars and Flys let to hire 334 \n\nVILLAGES and GENTLEMEN\'S \nSEATS. \n\nAbbot\'s Leigh 334 \n\nAlmondsbury 336 \n\nAshton, and Ashton Court ib. \n\nBadminton 338 \n\nBanwell 340 \n\nBedminster 343 \n\nNew Church 344 \n\nBerkeley ib. \n\nBlaize Castle and Woods 346 \n\nBlaize Hamlet\xe2\x80\x94 Ten Cottages. . 347 \n\nBrislington 349 \n\nBrockley 350 \n\nBurnham 351 \n\nCheddar 352 \n\nChepstow, Piercefield, Wynd \nCliff, Tintern Abbey, Banks \n\nof the Wye, &c 356 \n\nClevedon 363 \n\nCotham 365 \n\nDundry 366 \n\nFrenchay 367 \n\nThe Flat and Steep Holmes 367, 368 \n\nHenbury 369 \n\nIlfracombe 370 \n\nKeynsham 371 \n\nKingsweston 372 \n\nLamplighters 374 \n\nLeigh Court, the residence of \n\nW. Miles, Esq., M. P ib. \n\nList of Paintings 376 \n\nNewport, Monmouthshire .... 379 \n\nNew Passage . . 381 \n\nOld, or Aust Passage ib. \n\nPortshead 382 \n\nRedland 383 \n\nShirehampton 385 \n\nStanton Drew ib. \n\nStapleton 387 \n\nStoke Bishop 38S \n\nStoke House, near Stapleton . . 389 \n\nStowey - ib. \n\nSwansea ib. \n\nTenby, Pembrokeshire 390 \n\nThornbury 393 \n\nWestbury-upon-Trym 394 \n\nWeston-super-Mare ib. \n\nWick, or Abston and Wick . . 396 \n\nWrington ib. \n\n\n\nPLACES OF WORSHIP, \nWITH MINISTERS, AND TIMES OF SERVICE AT EACH. \n\n\n\nCHURCHES.* \n\n\n\n110 \n\n148 \n\n153 \n323 \n\n184 \n183 \n\n253 \n155 \n324 \n\n296 \n157 \n158 \n\n165 \n\n343 \n323 \n19J \n171 \n\n177 \n\n167 \n\n\n\n128 \n179 \n256 \n351 \n187 \n\n182 \n344 \n\n185 \n\n194 \n\n203 \n297 \n\n191 \n\n198 \n\n205 \n\n\n\nSame of Church. Where Situate, \n\n\n\nThe Cathedral,.. College Green, \n5J ! In Summer, \n\nAll Saints, .. Corn Street, \nM Thursday, \n\nSt. Augustine, College Green, \n\nSt. Andrew, Clifton Clifton Hill, \n\n\xe2\x80\x9e .. i Daily, \n\nSt. Andrew, .. JMontpellier, \nSt. Barnabas, .. j Ashley Road, \n\xe2\x80\x9e . . Wednesday, \n\nCh. of Blind Asylum Top of Park St, \nChrist Church, .. iBroad Street, \nChrist Church, . . \'Clifton Park, \n\n.- Friday, \nDowry Ch. Clifton, Dowry Square \nSt. George, .. jGt. George St. \nSt. James\', . . I James\'s Parade \n\n\xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\xa2\xe2\x80\xa2 I Tuesday, \n\nSt. John Baptist > Broad Street, \n\n& St. Lawrence, > ! Thursday, \nSt. John,(old Chur.) Bedminster, \nSt. John, the Evan. King\'s Parade, \nSt. Luke, .. |Nr.CottonFac. \n\nSt " Mark, the > College Green \n\nMayor\'s Chap. $ \nSt. Michael, .. \nSt. Mary-le-Port, \n\n\n\nIncumbents, 4"C. \n\n\n\nSt. Matthew, . . \n\nSt. Mary Redcliff, \nSt. Nicholas, .. \nOrphan Asylum, \nRedland Chapel, \nSt. Philip & Jacob, \n\nSt. Paul," \nSt. Paul, \n\nSt. Peter, .\'. \n\nSt. Stephen, .. \n\nSt. Thomas, \n\nTrinity, \n\nTrinity, . ! \n\nTemple, \n\nSt.\'Werburgh, .. \n\n\n\nMichael\'s Hill, \nMary-le-portSt. \n\nWednesday, \nKingsdown, \n\nWednesday, \nRedcliff Street \nNicholas St. \nHook\'s Mills, \nUpper Redland \nJacob Street, \n\nWednesday, \nPortland Squ. \nBedminster, \n\nWednesday, \nPeter Street, \nSteph. Avenue \n\nFriday, \nThomas Street, \n\nFriday, \nHotwell Road, \n\nWednesday, \nWest Street, \nTemple Street. \n\nThursday, \nCorn Street, \n\nWednesday, \nDistricts constituted under the \n\n\n\n( The Right Rev. the Lord \n< Bp. of Glo\'ster& Bristol, \nI Very Rev. J. Lamb, D.D. \nC rev. [Dean. \n\n\\ H. Rogers, M.A. Vicar. \nW. Millner, M.A. Vicar. \n\n> J. Taylor, M.A. Minister. \nC. Evanson, M. A., P. Cur. \n\n> J. J. Coles, M.A. Minister. \n\nW. Knight, MA. Chaplain. \nJ. Strickland, M.A. Rector. \n\n> Rev. J. Hensman, M. A. \n\nJ. Taylor, M.A. Minister. \nR. L. Hopper, M.A. Vicar. \n\n\\J. H. Woodward, M.A. \n\n3 J. B. Riddle, M.A. Curate. \n\nI G. N. Barrow, M.A. Red. \n\nM. R. Whish, M.A. Vicar. \nH. G. Walsh, M.A. Minister. \nS. E. Day, Incumbent. \n\nChaplain to the Mayor. \n\nW. Knight, M.A. Rector. \n\n> J. Marshall, M.A. Rector. \n\nI J .B.Clifford,M.A./ncwm. \n\nM. R. Whish, M.A. Vicar. \nG. N. Barrow, M.A. Vicar. \nH. Livius, M.A. Chaplain. \nR. C arrow, M.A. Vicar. \nI S. E. Day, M.A. Vicar. \n\\ R.M.Phelps,M.A. Curate. \nG.P.Bullock, M.A.Minister. \n\n| H. G. Eland, M.A. Min. \nH. C. Brice, M.A. Rector. \nIc. Buck, M.A. Rector. \n\nI M.R. Whish, M.A. Vicar* \n\xc2\xa7 W. Seaton, Curate. \n\n\\ H. Allen, M.A. Minister. \nA. Rogers, M.A. Minister. \n\\ Fountain Elwin, Vicar. \n5 L. K Cogan, B.A. Curate. \n\nI J. Hall, B.D. Rector. \nEndowment Act, see page 193. \n\n\n\nBlggJEFTUT\xc2\xae CHAFBLg, &\xc2\xa9\xe2\x80\x9e \n\n\n\nPage. \n\n\n\n209 \n\n\n\nName of Chapel. \n\n\n\nWesleyan, \n\n\n\nWhere Situate. \n\n\n\n210 \n\n211 \n\n210 \n211 \n\n210 \n211 \n\xc2\xbb> \n29S \n212 \n\n\n\n211 \n\n214 \n\n\xc2\xbb \n\n215 \n\n213 \n215 \n\n\xc2\xbb \n\n209 \n\n215 \n\n212 \n216 \n\n\n\n- - \\ \n\n: :: * \n\nIndependent, j \n\n- " I \n\n- \xe2\x80\xa2 \\ \n\n\n\n\xe2\x80\x9e Hope \n\nCountessofHunt \ningdon. \n\nTabernacle, . . \nWelshCalvinistic I \nWelsh & English, | \nBaptist, ** 5 \n\n\xe2\x80\xa2 :: \\ \n\n\n\n207 \n\n\n\n:; :: * \n\n\xc2\xbb Welsh \n\nMoravian, .. 5 \n\nFriends\'Meeting,i \n\nSeamen\'s Floating, \nUnitarian, . . \n\nJews* Synagogue j \n\nRoman Catholic, \n\n\n\nOld King Street, \nTuesday & Thursday, \nOld Market Street, \nWednesday & Friday, \nPortland St. Kingsd. \nWednesday & Friday, \nLangton St. Cathay, \nWednesday & Friday, \nShim Lane, Bedmin. \n\nTuesday, \nHot well Road, \nGrenville PI. Hotw. \nBaptist Mills, \nBridge Street, \n\nTuesday, \nBrunswick Square, \n\nThursday, \nCastle Green, \nTuesday & Thursday, \nAnvil St. St. Philip\'s, \nKingsland Rd. Dings \nZion, Coronation Rd. \nGideon,Newf.landSt. \nHighbury, Cotham, \nChapel Hill, Hotwell \nTuesday & Thursday, \nLodge Street, \nTuesday & Thursdav, \nPenn Street, \nMond.Wed.Fri.&Sat. \nBroadmead, \n\nWednesday, \nLower Castle St. Wei. \n\nEnglish, \nBroadmead, \nTuesday & Thursday, \nOld King Street, \n\nThursday, \nCounter Slip, \nMonday & Wednesd. \nThrissel Street, \nPithay, \n\nMonday & Wednesd. \nGt. George St. Pk. St \n\nWednesday, \nSt. Augustine\'s Place, \nUpper Maudlin St. \nUpper Maudlin St. \n\nWednesdays, \nRosemary Street, \nTuesday and Friday, \nGrove, \n\nLewin\'s Mead, \nTemple St. Friday, \nSunset, Saturday, \nTrenchard Street, 9, \nEnd Park PI. Clift. 9, \n\'St. Mary, Au gust. Back \n\n\n\nTimes of \nService. \n\n\n\nMinisters. \n\n\n\nj (Various.) \n\n\\ - \n\n\n\n> REVERENDS \n\n3 H. I. Roper. \n\n> T. Haynes. \n\nI J. Jack. \nJ.Tayler. \nT. E. Thoresby. \nG. Wood. \nA. Stone. \nD. Thomas. \n\n> W. Gregory. \n>W. Lucy. \n>( Various.) \n\n} - \n\n> W. Jones. \n\nJ E. Giles. \nI T. S. Crisp. \n\n| G. H. Davis. \n\nT. Winter. \nW. H. Fuller. \n^ E. Probert. \nJH. Craik. \ntC. Miiller. \n\nC Various.) \n>J. Cunow. \n\n|r Various.) \n\nG. Armstrong. \n\nV \xe2\x80\x94 Green. \n\nE. Medcalfe. \nT. Macdonald. \nP. O\'Farrel. \n\n\n\nPOST-OFFICE, BRISTOL, \nTHOMAS TODD WALTON, Jun. Esq. POSTMASTER. \n\n\n\nTHE DELIVERIES. \n\nFirst Delivery\xe2\x80\x94 at 7h. a.m. comprises letters (per Pembroke Mail) \nfrom South Wales ; also (per first London Railway Mail) from London \nand the line of road east and south of England, Bath, &c. ; also from the \nMediterranean, Portugal, and the East and West Indies, (per first Bristol \nand Exeter Railway Mail) from Exeter and south and west of England. \n\nSecond Delivery \xe2\x80\x94 at 7h. 30m. a.m. comprises letters (per first North \nMail) from Scotland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Liverpool, Manchester, Bir- \nmingham, North Wales, Cheltenham, Worcester, Gloucester, &c. ; also from \nNorth America, (per Southampton Mail) from Southampton, Salisbury, \nBath, Keynsham, Brislington, &c. \n\nThird Delivery\xe2\x80\x94 at 2h. p.m. comprises letters (per Hereford Mail) \nfrom Middle Counties of Wales, Monmouth, Chepstow,Westbury-on-Trym, &c. \n\nFourth Delivery\xe2\x80\x94 at 3h. 30m. p.m. comprises letters (per second Lon- \ndon Railway Mail) from London and southern and eastern parts of England, \nBath, &c. also from France, the Continent of Europe, &c. \n\nFifth Delivery\xe2\x80\x94 at 5h. p.m. comprises letters (per second North Mail) \nfrom Liverpool, Birmingham, Worcester, Gloucester, Cheltenham, &c. \n\nSixth Delivery\xe2\x80\x94 at 7h. p.m. comprises letters (per second Bristol and \nExeter Railway Mail) from Falmouth, Plymouth, Exeter, south-western \nparts of England, Taunton, Bridgwater, Highbridge, Weston-super-Mare, &c; \n(per Bath and Bitton Mail) from Bath, St. George\'s, Gloucestershire, \nBitton, Hanham, Willsbridge, &c. (per Swansea Mail) from southern parts \nof Wales. \n\nBy Letter Carriers. \xe2\x80\x94 Three deliveries daily, commencing about 8h. \na.m., 3h. 30m. p.m., and 7h. p.m. Town letters posted before 7h. a.m. \nare included in the first delivery; posted before 2h. 15m. p.m. in the second \ndelivery; and before 5h. 30m. p.m. in the third delivery. \n\n* # * When any delay occurs in the arrivals of the Mails, a corresponding \nvne must unavoidably take place in the commencement of the deliveries. \n\nThe office for the delivery of letters to be called for is closed at lOh. p.m. \nThe office is also closed for the receipt of paid letters at lOh. p.m. \n\nThe Returned Letters and Overcharge Offices are open from \nlOh. a.m. till 3h. p.m.; the Money Order Office from lOh. a.m. to \n4h. p.m. \n\nTHE POST-OFFICE RECEIVING HOUSES. \nSituations. Receivers. Letters sent to Gen. Office at \n\nA.M. \n\nPark Street G. Pearce 5 . \n\n\xe2\x80\xa2Clifton R. Hazard 5 . \n\nHotwells, Dowry Square.. W. Fox 5 . \n\nKingsdown, Alfred Place.. T.Adams 5 . \n\nSt. Philip\'s, West Street.. T. Hillman 5 . \n\nStore\'s Croft E. Ryland 5 . \n\nCathay J.Atkins 5 . \n\nBedminster East, Ditto .. J. Huxtahle ... . 6 . \n\nStapleton Road Lucy Chinn .... .. \n\nRedland, Durdham Down.. W. Newman .. 6\xe2\x80\x94 11.. \n\n* Clifton is a " Sub-Office*\' to Bristol, and pays and draws Money Orders. \n\n\n\nP.M. \n\n\nP.M. \n\n\n4 \n\n\n.. 9 \n\n\n4 \n\n\n.. 9 \n\n\n4 \n\n\n.. 9 \n\n\n4 \n\n\n.. 9 \n\n\n4 \n\n\n.. 9 \n\n\n4 \n\n\n.. 9 \n\n\n4 \n\n\n.. 9 \n\n\n4 \n\n\n.. 6 \n\n\n4 \n\n\n.. \n\n\n4 \n\n\n.. 8 \n\n\n\nCHILCOTT\'s BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\n\n\nTHE DESPATCHES. \n\nThe following are the hours for the daily Arrivals and Departures of \n\nthe Mails :\xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTime till \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLetters should \n\n\nwhich Lettere \n\n\nMAILS. \n\n\nRECEIVED AT \n\n\nDESPATCHED \n\n\nbe Posted \n\n\nare received \n\n\n\n\n\n\nAT \n\n\nbefore \n\n\nwith a Fee of \nId.* \n\n\n\n\nH. M. \n\n\nH. M. \n\n\nH. M. \n\n\nH. M. \n\n\nExeter \n\n\nmidnight. \n\n1 \xe2\x80\x94 15 A.M. \n6\xe2\x80\x94 A.M. \n\n\n10\xe2\x80\x94 P.M. \n\n\n9\xe2\x80\x9415 \n\n\n9\xe2\x80\x9445 \n\n\n\n\n8\xe2\x80\x9410 A.M. \n6\xe2\x80\x9440 P.M. \n\n\n7\xe2\x80\x9410 \n5\xe2\x80\x9440 \n\n\n7 40 \n\n\nNorth and Irish \n\n\n6\xe2\x80\x9410 \n\n\nSouthampton \n\n\n6-35 A.M. \n\n\n5\xe2\x80\x9435 P.M. \n\n\n4\xe2\x80\x9435 \n\n\n5- 5 \n\n\nBirmingham and Bristol.. \n\n\n4 \xe2\x80\x94 P.M. \n\n\n10\xe2\x80\x9430 A.M. \n\n\n9\xe2\x80\x9430 \n\n\n10\xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\nHereford \n\n\nnoon. \n\n\n3\xe2\x80\x9420 P.M. \n\n\n2\xe2\x80\x9420 \n\n\n2\xe2\x80\x9450 \n\n\nSecond London \n\n\n2\xe2\x80\x9440 p M. \n\n\n10\xe2\x80\x94 P.M. \n\n\n9\xe2\x80\x9415 \n\n\n9\xe2\x80\x9445 \n\n\nDevonport \n\n\n5 \xe2\x80\x94 55 P.M. \n\n\n7\xe2\x80\x9430 A.M. \n\n\n7\xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n7\xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\nBath and Bitton \n\n\n6 \xe2\x80\x94 P.M. \n\n\n7\xe2\x80\x9430 A.M. \n\n\n7\xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n7\xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\nSwansea \n\n\n4\xe2\x80\x9450 P.M. \n\n\n7\xe2\x80\x9450 A.M. \n\n\n7\xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n7\xe2\x80\x9420 \n\n\nPembroke \n\n\n10\xe2\x80\x9445 P.M. \n\n\n2\xe2\x80\x94 A.M. \n\n\nmidnight. \n\n\n\n\n>i . r Clevedon & Portshd. \n\n\n\n\n4 \xe2\x80\x94 A.M. \n\n\nditto. \n\n\n\n\n"\xc2\xa7 ! ) Thornbury \n\ns a* / * r0Q -^ cton \n\n\n> 5\xe2\x80\x94 30 P.M. \n\n\n7\xe2\x80\x9430 A.M. \n\n\n7\xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n7\xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n<2 (.Partington Gurney.. \n\n\n) \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBristol 1st delivery \n\n\n\n\n7\xe2\x80\x9430 A.M. \n\n\n7\xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n7\xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\nBristol 2nd delivery \n\n\n\n\n3\xe2\x80\x9415 P.M. \n\n\n2\xe2\x80\x9415 \n\n\n2\xe2\x80\x9445 \n\n\nBristol 3rd delivery \n\n\n\n\n6\xe2\x80\x9430 P.M. \n\n\n5-30 \n\n\n6\xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n\n* After which they are received as late as possible previous to the despatch with Fee of 3d. \n\nFOREIGN MAILS.\xe2\x80\x94 Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Cadiz, Gibraltar, every \nwee | c ._ Malta, Greece, Ionian Islands, once a fortnight. \xe2\x80\x94 Egypt and the \nEast Indies, every month. \xe2\x80\x94 Jamaica, Leeward Islands, and La Guayra, 1st \nday of every month. \xe2\x80\x94 Jamaica, Leeward Islands, and Carthagena, J 6th day \nof every month. \xe2\x80\x94 America, 3rd and 18th in every month, except December, \nJanuary, and February, during which the 3rd only. \xe2\x80\x94 Madeira, Brazils, \nand Buenos Ayres, first Tuesday in every month. \xe2\x80\x94 France, daily. \xe2\x80\x94 Belgium, \nSunday, Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday. \xe2\x80\x94 Holland and Hamburgh, \nMonday and Thursday. \xe2\x80\x94 Sweden, every Monday. \xe2\x80\x94 Letters for Spain are \nforwarded by the Mediterranean Packet, unless directed via France. \n\nNewspapers to South America and United States require a postage of 2d. \nwhich must be paid in advance. \n\n\n\nOmnieuses from the Terminus of the Great Western, Bristol and Exeter, \nand Bristol and Gloucester Railway Companies, go to and come from Clifton, \nthe Hotwells, Cumberland Basin, (from whence sail the various Steam \nPackets,) all parts of Kingsdown, Stoke\'s Croft, Montpellier, &c. almost \nevery hour iu the day, from the time the first train starts in the morning till \nthe last train arrives in the evening. The charge for either of the above \ndistances is 6d. for each person \n\nThere are numerous Cars or Flys privileged by the Company to be within \nthe yard of their Railway Terminus, for the conveyance of passengers. \n\nThere are several Omnibuses from and to Shirehampton, Henbury, West- \nbury, &c. daily.\xe2\x80\x94 White Lion, Broad Street, and Plume of Feathers, Wine \nStreet, Bristol. There are also Omnibuses or Cobourgs, daily, from and to \nnearly all the villages surrounding the city, to the distance of several miles. \n\nHackney Coaches and Cars are placed at various stations, and are \nlicensed to ply for hire to the distance of ten miles beyond the city bounds. \nThe charge is for time or distance, at the option of the driver, being Is. per \niiile, or Is. 6d. per hour. Three persons are considered the limit of a fare. \n\n\n\nSTEAM NAVXGATION.-COAST\xc2\xa3RS. \n\n\n\nPlace. \n\nIRELAND. \n\nDoblin \n\nCork \n\nWaterford \n\nWALES. \nCardiff \n\n\n\nFROM CUMBERLAND BASIN. \nTime of Sailing. \n\n\n\nOffice. \n\n\n\nEvery Friday Steam Nav. Comp. Quay \n\nTuesday and Friday ... \nTuesday and Friday . . . \n\n\n\n\xe2\x99\xa6Swansea . \n\n\n\nAberavon, &c \n\nCarmarthen \n\nTenby \n\nMilford, Pater, and \nHaverfordwest .... \n\nNewport \n\n\xe2\x80\x9e (Screw) .... \n\nChepstow \n\nPortshead \n\n\n\nNORTH DEVON AND \nCORNWALL. \n\nIlfracombe and Bideford \n\ntSt. Ives, Hayle, Pen- "J \n\nzance, Helston, Pen- ( \n\nryn, Falmouth,Truro, C \n\nRedruth, &c ) \n\nPadstow,St.lves,& Hayle \nSt. Ives and Hayle . . \n\nLIVERPOOL, calling \nat Swansea & Milford \n\n\n\nMonday, Wed. & Friday \nTuesday, Thurs. & Sat... \nTuesday and Friday .... \nThursday and Saturday. . \n\nSaturday \n\nFriday \n\nTuesday and Friday .... \n\nTuesday \n\nTwice every day \n\nDaily \n\nDaily in Summer \n\nDaily in Summer \n\n\n\n12, Quay Street \n\nBull Wharf, Redcliff St. \n\nMr.Terrell^S.WelshBack \n\nBull Wharf, &12,Quay St. \n\nBell Avenue, Queen Sq. \n\nSteam Nav. Comp. Quay \n\n\n\n" [Hotwells \nJ.JoneSjRownhamWnarf, \nBell Avenue & Bat. Basin \nJ.Jones, Rownham Wharf, \n\n\xe2\x80\x9e [Hotwells \n\n\n\n\xc2\xa3 Wednesday & Saturday > General Steam Naviga- \n... S tion Company, Quay \n\n\n\n\\ in Summer \nFriday- \n\n\n\nTuesday \n\nFriday 5, Narrow Quay \n\n\n\n82, Quay \n\n\n\nTuesday 2, St. Stephen Street \n\n\n\n* Steamers cross from Swansea to Ilfracombe and back, Mondays and \nWednesdays. \n\n+ This and the two following steamers call at Lynmouth and Ilfracombe \ngoing and coming, if the weather permits. \n\n%* Individuals or parties may hire wherries at the Stairs opposite St. \nAugustine\'s Parade, or at Prince\'s Street Bridge, to convey them to Cum- \nberland Basin any hour in the day; if a single person 6d. \xe2\x80\x94 if more than one \nperson 3d. each. Wherries may be also hired at the old Bristol Bridge for \nHanham, &c. &c. at moderate charges. \n\n\n\nPRINCIPAL \nBath Hotel, Clifton. \nClifton Royal Hotel, Mall. \nCumberland & Great Western \n\nHotel, Cumberland Basin. \nFull Moon, North St., Stoke\'s Croft \nGeorge Inn, Temple Gate. \nGloucester Hotel, Hotwells. \nGreyhound Inn & Birmingham \n\nHotel, Broadmead. \nMontague Tavern, Kingsdown. \nRoyal Western Hotel, College \n\nPlace, College Green. \n\n\n\nHOTELS. \n\nRummer Tavern, High Street. \n\nSaracen\'s Head, Temple Gate. \n\nSwan Hotel and Commercial \nHouse, top of Bridge Street. \n\nTalbot Inn, Bath Street. \n\nVictoria Temperance Hotel, \nCorner of Bath Street. \n\nWhite Hart Inn and Commer- \ncial Tavern, Broad Street. \n\nWhite Lion Inn and British \nCoffee House, Broad Street. \n\nYork Hotel, Dowry Square. \n\n\n\nCHILCOTT S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\n\n\nBASTES. \n\nBristol Banks. Situation. \n\nBank of England Branch, Broad Street, \n\nBaillie, Ames, and Co.* Corn Street, \n\nNational Prov. Bank of England, 46, High Street, \nMiles, Harford, Battersby, & Co. Corn Street, \n\nStuckey\'s Banking Company, { ^I\'^g j \n\nWest of England and South > p v >, n \xe2\x80\x9e a ~ \xe2\x80\x9e, c . _. TT \xe2\x80\x9e.\xe2\x80\x9e \nWales District Bank, $ Exchange, Corn St. Glyn, Halhfax, & Co. \n\n* The original firm of this establishment, formed in 1750, was Mr. Isaac Elton, Mr. Harford \nLloyd, Mr. William Miller, Mr. Thomas Knox, and Mr. Hale; Mr. Edye was their prin- \ncipal clerk. At that time there were only two banking houses out of London. \n\n\n\nLond. Correspondents* \nBank of England. \nGrote, Prescott, & Co. \nBarnett,Hoares,& Co. \n\n\xe2\x80\xa2 Robarts, Curtis, & Co. \n\n\n\nSAVINGS BANK, St. Stephen\'s Avenue. \n\nNo. of Depositors. classification. \xc2\xa3 s. d. \n\n5007 Depositors, whose respective balances on > \xc2\xab OA . . nnn , m \n\nNov. 20, 1845, with Int. did not exceed \\ \xc2\xa320 each \' 34 > 990 J 6 \n\n2508 were above \xc2\xa320 and not exceeding \xc2\xa350 ditto, 8,414 7 6 \n\n1342 Ditto \xc2\xa350 ditto \xc2\xa3100 ditto, 94,273 5 4 \n\n459 Ditto \xc2\xa3100 ditto \xc2\xa3150 ditto, 55,189 8 9 \n\n334 Ditto \xc2\xa3J50 ditto \xc2\xa3200 ditto, 57,554 4 2 \n\n36 were above \xc2\xa3200 ditto, 7,782 6 11 \n\n9686 \xc2\xa3328,203 14 2 \n\n62 Charitable Societies 4,728 3 7 \n\n79 Friendly Societies 14,348 3 9 \n\n9827 \xc2\xa3347,280 1 6 \n\n\n\nNEWSPAPERS. \n\nFelix Farley\'s Bristol Journal, Saturday, . . Conservative. \n\nThe Bristol Mirror, Saturday, . . Conservative. \n\nThe Bristol Times, Saturday, .. Conservative. \n\nThe Bristol Mercury, ..,. Saturday, .. Liberal. \n\nThe Bristol Gazette, Wednesday Even. Liberal. \n\nGreat Western Advertiser, Saturday, . . Commercial, \n\n\n\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS, MARKETS <*cc. \n\n\n\n\nEXCHANGE\xe2\x80\x94 described p. 228. \n\nThe MARKETS.\xe2\x80\x94 Behind the last-mentioned building are \nthe principal Markets, named the High Street and Nicholas \n\n\n\nb CHILCOTT S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nStreet Markets. There is also a Market in Union Street. The \nwhole of them are abundantly supplied, and are kept very clean. \n\nIn the High Street Market are three arcades, occupied by \nfarmers, for the sale of butter, cheese, poultry, eggs, bacon, &c. \nevery Wednesday and Saturday. The arcade in front of the \nsouth of the Exchange is termed the Gloucestershire Market ; \nthat to the west is called the Somersetshire Market. The other, \nknown by the name of the Eastern Arcade, is on the left, enter- \ning from High Street. The butchers exhibit their meat in eight \nrows, made of wood, and covered in from the heat, wet, &c. by \noverhanging wood tops ; in front of which vegetables and fruit \nof every description are arranged for sale. \n\nSt. Nicholas Street Market is very commodious, and com- \npletely covered in. It is occupied by butchers and farmers, \nwith meat, poultry, &c. on Wednesdays and Saturdays. \n\nThe market in Union Street is only open for the sale of \nbutchers\' meat on Wednesdays and Saturdays, but is supplied \nwith Fish every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Shops also \nare open for the sale of Fish on the Welsh Back, Bridge Street, \nBaldwin Street, and at Clifton, every day in the week, and are \nwell supplied. \n\nThere is a building on the Welsh Back, opposite King Street, \ncontaining offices for the Water Bailiff and Corn Meter, and \nalso for the sale of poultry, &c. imported from Wales. \n\nThe Market for Corn and Flour is in the Exchange, under \nthe piazza, where each corn factor has a depository to contain \nhis samples, &c. \n\nThe Cheese Market, leading from Maryport Street to Wine \nStreet, is held every Wednesday and Friday. \n\nThe Hay, Straw, and Coal Markets are held every Tues- \nday and Friday, in that part of St. James\'s Church-yard where \nthe Fair was formerly held. \n\nThe New Cattle Market fronts the New Cut, to the left of \nthe iron bridge, leading to Bath, and stands on about four acres \nof ground. In the centre of the entrance is a neat dwelling- \nhouse for the clerk of the market. On either side of the house \nis a large iron gate, eighteen feet wide. The colonnade, com- \nmencing from the gate, contains one hundred and forty pillars \nof Hanham stone. On the left of the entrance, accommodation \nis provided for seven thousand sheep, two thousand of which \nmay be placed under cover. There is also space for five \nthousand pigs. Room for three hundred horses is likewise \nprovided, with a trotting course of one hundred and forty yards \nin length, and thirty feet in width. The remainder is occupied \nby five compartments for fat beasts, which will hold fifty each ; \nand ten for lean beasts, holding eighty each. Market day every \nThursday, The termini of the Great Western, Bristol and Bir- \n\n\n\nFAIRS \xe2\x80\x94 WALKS. 7 \n\nmingham, and Bristol and Exeter Railway Companies adjoin \nthe Cattle Market. \n\nFAIRS for Live Stock are held annually, on the 1st of March \nand the 1st of September, in the Cattle Market; and a prodigi- \nous number of cattle are usually brought in on those occasions. \nIt is generally believed that there is more tanned leather sold \nat the Leather Hall, the first Tuesday in March and September, \nthan at any other place in the kingdom. \n\nFairs were formerly held annually in the Great Gardens, \nparish of Temple, commencing on the first of March, and on \nthe first of September in St. James\'s Churchyard, which lasted \nten days each ; and were usually attended by the manufacturers \nof Yorkshire, Lancashire, Staffordshire, and other places, with \nwoollens, cutlery, earthenware, &c. &c. ; but as there are now \nfacilities for frequent intercourse with every part of the king- \ndom, the necessity for their continuance no longer exists. \n\n\n\n\nCOMMERCIAL ROOMS\xe2\x80\x94 particulars at p. 231. \n\n\n\nWALKS.\xe2\x80\x94 Passing the Post Office [p. 230], St. Wer- \nburgh\'s Church [p. 205], the Commercial Rooms [p. 233], \nand St. Stephen\'s Church [p. 194], we cross the Swivel \nBridge at the bottom of Clare Street, and turning to the left \nwe pass St. Augustine\'s Church [p. 153], and arrive in Col- \nlege Green, on the left of which stands \n\n\n\nCHILCOTT S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\n\n\n\nTHE CATHEDRAL CHURCH\xe2\x80\x94 described p. 110. \n\nAnd on the opposite side the Mayor\'s Chapel fp. 1711, {* \nboth buildings,) afterwards to the \n\n\n\n\nPHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTION, Park Street-Contents, $c. particularized p. 237. \n\n\n\nLeaving the Philosophical Rooms, we proceed up Park \nStreet, and turn up to the left through Charlotte Street, to \nBrandon Hill, a mountain 250 feet in perpendicular height, of \na conic form, and partly covered with bushes. Prom this elevated \nspot one of the most extensive views of the city and surround- \ning neighbourhood may be obtained. On the western slope of \nthis hill a very large and handsome building is erected, in the \nTudor style, for the reception of the boys in Queen Elizabeth\'s \nhospital [see p. 265]. We return by the north-eastern slope of \nthe hill through Berkeley Square, the houses on three sides of \nwhich are handsomely built with freestone ; the other side, \nwhich is to the south-east, is not regularly formed, leads us to \nthe Asylum for the Blind [p. 253] and the Bishop\'s College \n[p. 261]. We pass on to Tyndall\'s Park Gate, where are the \n\n\n\n\nVICTORIA ROOMS\xe2\x80\x94 See description, p. 244. \n\nThe walk may be extended through Tyndall\'s Park (turning \nto the right when arrived at a clump of trees) to St. Michael\'s \nHill and Kingsdown, from either of which charming views \nopen of the city and surrounding scenery. \n\nA walk from the bottom of Clare Street, turning to the left, \nround the Quay to the bottom of High Street, affords an oppor- \ntunity of witnessing the shipping and unshipping of goods for \nand from different parts of the commercial world ; whilst the \nvaletudinarian may enjoy a peaceful and contemplative stroll \nin Queen Square, which" encloses an area of seven acres and a \n\n\n\n10 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nhalf, bordered with, elms, and railed in from the carriage way. \nIn the centre of the Square, upon a high pedestal, is an eques- \ntrian statue of King William III. habited as a Roman Caesar ; \nhis right arm is extended, and in his hand he holds a truncheon, \nwhich he points as if he were commanding. It is wholly of \ncast brass, executed by Rysbrach, and is universally allowed \nby connoisseurs to be the best equestrian statue in this king- \ndom : it was set up in the year 1730. Towards its erection the \nchamber of Bristol contributed \xc2\xa3500 ; the remainder was de- \nfrayed by voluntary subscription of the principal inhabitants. \n\nArrived at the bottom of High Street we cross the old Bristol \nBridge [p. 30], and pass through Redcliff Street, on our way to \nthe Patent Shot Manufactory [p. 99], and to St. Mary \nRedcliff Church [p. 128,] ("AHandBook" to which has \njust been published by the Compiler of this Guide). Leaving \nthis church we proceed to Bedminster Bridge, and turning to \nthe left on the margin of the New River, we arrive at the \n\n\n\n\nGREAT WESTERN RAILWAY TERMINUS. \n\nOpposite to which is the celebrated Floor Cloth Manufac- \ntory of Messrs. Hare and Co. [p. 101], and a little further on \ntowards the city is the White Flint Glass Manufactory of \nMessrs. Ricketts and Co. [p. 100.] We then walk up Temple \nStreet, to inspect Temple Church and its Leaning Tower \n[p. 198] ; and from thence proceed to the Bristol Pottery \n[p. 100], near the church, on Temple Backs ; and return over \nthe New Bridge which connects the parish of St. Philip and \nJacob with the centre of the city. \n\nAnother interesting walk is down Broad Street, passing the \nNew Building for the Branch Bank of the Bank of England, \nand the \n\n\n\n11 \n\n\n\n\nMEW GUILDHALL\xe2\x80\x94 See p. 224. \n\nA splendid building, in the Tudor style, through, the archway \nof St. John\'s tower, and then turning to the right, we pass \nthrough Nelson Street, by the Bridewell, a new and massive \nbuilding, into Broadmead, where, nearly opposite the Grey- \nhound Tavern, are the Arcades [p. 232], leading to St. James\'s \nBarton; on the right of which is St. James\'s Square, in a very \nretired situation, with its area pitched and an obelisk in the \ncentre. In proceeding from thence up Stoke\' s Croft, King \nSquare is on the left ; the houses of which are uniform and well \nbuilt, with an area covered with grass and gravel walk, bordered \nwith young shrubs. In Stoke\' s Croft is the Baptist College \n[p. 262]. Beyond Stoke\'s Croft, and in a straight line with it, \nis the Cheltenham Road, with numerous detached villas. A \nlittle to the right of which is Montpellier, with a church dedi- \ncated to St. Andrew [p. 184], recently erected ; and still more \nto the right, is a new church dedicated to St. Barnabas [p. 183], \nbuilt for the accommodation of the inhabitants of Wellington \nPlace, &c. Continuing in the latter direction, will bring us to \nthe Orphan Asylum and Chapel [p. 256], and also to the \nWesleyan Chapel [p. 209], Baptist Mills, surrounded by a dense \npopulation. Returning into the city, we pass into Portland \nSquare, so named in honour of the Duke of Portland, who when \nit was formed was High Steward of Bristol. This square is \nbuilt entirely of freestone ; the corners and centres of the fronts \nof the northern and southern sides are elevated by attic stories, \nas well as the corner houses of the other sides. In the centre \nof the eastern side stands a modern church, with a lofty tower, \ndedicated to St. Paul [p. 182]. The area of this square is nearly \n\n\n\n12 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\noval, and enclosed with a palisade of iron, with gates and lamps. \nWe then pass into Brunswick Square, where is the Unitarian \nCemetery and an Independent Chapel [p. 211], through \nCumberland St., James\'s Barton, and the Arcades, to the city. \n\nHaving conducted the visitor to the principal objects of in- \nterest in the city, we will now attempt to lay before him a de- \nscription of our beautiful locality. And first of Clifton. The \nviews from different parts of Clifton are perhaps unrivalled; \nand the classic traveller will discover in the scenery about St. \nVincent\'s Rocks, [p. 299], no inadequate resemblance, though \non a small scale, to the celebrated Tempe of Greece. But the \ncuriosity of the visitor will find a source of accumulated enjoy- \nment in repairing to the Observatory [p. 312], on Clifton Hill, \nwhence, for the trifling remuneration of one shilling \\ he may \nobtain an excellent Camera Obscura view of all the surrounding \nobjects, together with a splendid prospect of the most distant \npoint an elevated situation and good telescopes can command. \n\nOn leaving the Observatory, take a walk to the Zoological \nGardens [p. 331], which is attractive not only for its select \nand choice number of animals, birds, &c. but also for the chaste \nand judicious arrangement of its shrubs, flowers, and gravel \nwalks. From these gardens proceed over Durdham Down, in \nany direction, to the boundary wall ; and here a profusion of \nobjects burst upon the view in all their interesting variety of \nwood and dale, river and rock, castle and hill. Immediately \nunderneath is the river Avon, bearing on its surface numerous \nvessels, containing the varied produce of different parts of the \nworld. On the opposite side are Leigh Woods, and Leigh \nCourt, the princely residence of William Miles, Esq., M. P., \n[p. 374]. To the left are seen in the distance St. Vincent\'s \nRocks, supporting the pieis which are to sustain the \n\n\n\n\nSUSPENSION BRIDGE\xe2\x80\x94 See p. 301. \n\n\n\nWALKS. 13 \n\nTo the right is Cook\'s Folly [p. 318], and beyond it Kings- \nweston [p. 372], Blaize Castle and Woods [p. 346], theMouTH \nof the Avon, Kingroad, Portshead [p. 382], the Denny Rock, \nand the Welsh mountains. Be careful in returning not to ap- \nproach too near the margin of the rocks, as an explosion of the \ngunpowder used in blasting the rocks may possibly throw some \nstones on your path. \n\nOpposite Boyce\'s Buildings is the entrance to the Mall, \nwhere is the Royal Hotel, a massive and splendid pile of \nbuildings ; in front of which is a large enclosed area, planted \nwith shrubs and evergreens, and on either side of this area is a \nhandsome and extensive row of houses, of the first respecta- \nbility ; that to the south is called Caledonia Place, and the \nother to the west is named the West Mall. Proceed from \nthence to Gloucester Row, facing Clifton Down, passing Lan- \ncaster\'s Library and Reading Rooms in Portland Place. At \nthe end of Gloucester Row, on the left, is the Bath Hotel, a \nlarge family house ; from thence pass Lane and Co.\'s Library \nand Reading Room, Sion Row, to Haggett\'s Library and \nReading Room, Sion Spring [p. 328], and from thence down \nthe Zig-zag walk which leads to the Hotwell House [p. 283] ; \nand here indeed, when the tide is in full now r , is one of those \nsublime picturesque views which would baffle the poet or the \npainter fully to describe. Prom thence proceed between the \nrows of lime trees to Cumberland Basin, the busy scene of \ndeparture or arrival in the various steamers ; or cross Rownham \nPerry, turn to the right, and walk between the river and the \nwoods to one or other of the clean and neat little cottages \nsituated on its margin, which silently invite the passer by to \nwalk in and take a seat in a shady bower, and if necessary a \ncup of tea or coffee ; w r alk up the beautiful valley or combe near \nthe cottages, called by some Nightingale Valley, and by \nothers the Happy Valley, to two grand encampments at the \ntop of the woods ; \xe2\x80\x94 one is immediately opposite to Clifton and \ncalled the Bower Walls ; the other is to the right and called \nStoke Leigh Camp. Many pic-nic parties visit this spot in the \nsummer evenings, and whilst the eye in delight ranges upon \nobjects from below and around, the ear is no less charmed with \nthe songs of the nightingale and other warblers of the wood. \n\nAnother very pleasant walk is from Windsor Terrace along \nthe terrace of the York Crescent (from whence the view is \nextensive and beautiful,) passing Lane\'s Library and Reading \nRooms, and the Clifton Post Office, to Clifton Church ; opposite \nwhich is the house of T. Goldney, Esq., who kindly permits \nrespectable strangers to visit a very interesting artificial \ngrotto in his garden behind the house. The entrance to the \ngrotto is adorned with rich and costly shells, the sides are em= \n\n\n\n14 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nbossed with Bristol stones, mundic, metallic ores, and petrifac- \ntions, and with various other fossils. The roof is finely fretted, \nand the floor presents a mosaic pavement. In a cavity at the \nupper end is a statue of Aquarius leaning on an urn ; and front- \ning the door is the representation of a lion and lioness in their \nden. From the grotto is a subterraneous passage to a fine \nterrace walk, which lays open to view a variety of rich land- \nscape scenery. \n\nShould an extension of the walk be desirable after leaving the \ngrotto, proceed to the nursery gardens of Messrs. Garraway, \nMayes, and Co., near King\'s Parade, Durdham Down, which \nthrough the liberality of the proprietors are quite a promenade \nfor respectable visitors, independent of the pleasure to be de- \nrived from an inspection of a collection of almost every species \nof forest trees, fruit trees, and evergreens ; hothouse, green- \nhouse, flowering shrubs, and herbaceous plants ; auriculas, car- \nnations, dahlias, hyacinths, pansies, and other flowers in their \nseason, together with seeds of every description. \n\nRIDES. \xe2\x80\x94 A ride or drive across Durdham Down, through \nStoke Bishop [p. 388], passing a fine old mansion, the residence \nof A. G. H. Battersby, Esq., and Kingsweston Park [p. 372], \nthe residence of P. "W. S. Miles, Esq., M. P., to the "Look \nOut" at Pen Pold, and Shirehampton ; thence to Blaize \nCastle and Hamlet, containing ten cottages [p. 346], and \nthrough Henbury [p. 369] and Westbury [p. 394], back to \nBristol, will very pleasantly employ about three hours in sur- \nveying a rich variety of natural and diversified scenery. \n\nA ride or drive over Durdham Down, through the village of \nWestbury, to the Old or New Passage, affords the richest \nscenery. Or, pass through Westbury to Knowl Hill, and \nthence turning off to the right, through the particularly neat \nand clean village of Over, to Almondsbury, (whence the river \nSevern, receiving the rays of the declining sun on a summer\'s \nevening, presents a dazzling mirror, almost too powerful for the \neye,) and back to Bristol by the Gloucester road, through Horfield, \naffords a very pleasing variety of rural scenery. \n\nThe drive across the hills to Portshead, Walton, and \nClevedon, commands an extensive view of the Bristol Channel \nand the opposite coast of Wales. \n\nThere are many pleasant villages to the east of Bristol ; and \nto those who enjoy a rich variety of rural scenery, studded with \ngenteel houses surrounded by lawns, parks, and shrubberies, a \nride to those villages will be highly gratifying. Proceed then \nfrom the central part of the city through Wine Street, Dolphin \nStreet, Peter Street, Castle and the Old Market Streets, to the \nend of West Street ; pass between Trinity Church and Mrs. \nHannah More\'s Schools [p. 270], down the New Road, \xe2\x80\x94 on \n\n\n\nRIDES. 15 \n\nthe left of which is the Gloucester County Prison [p. 83], \nVisit, if agreeable or necessary, the extensive Nursery Gar- \ndens of Mr. Maule, near the Blackbirds\' Inn. About a mile \nbeyond these gardens, on a hill to the left, is Stapleton House, \nthe occasional residence of Sir John Smyth, Bart., of Ashton \nCourt ; and a little further on is the pretty village of Stapleton \n[p. 387], in which, near the church, stands a Palace op the \nLord Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol. A short distance \nin the advance from Stapleton is Stoke House [p. 388], the \nresidence of a former Dowager Duchess op Beauport. In \n1760 the greater part of it was rebuilt, in consequence of its \nbeing so much damaged in the civil wars. The woods and \ngrounds belonging to the mansion are very extensive, and \nbeautifully interspersed with statues, temples, and monuments. \nFurther on is the handsome village of Frenchay [p. 367]. \nReturning from French ay to Downend, there are three noble \nresidences, surrounded with grounds of park-like appearance, \ncalled Cleeve Wood, Cleeve Yale, and Cleeve Lodge. We \nnext arrive at Mangotsfield, where there is a handsome house \nand lawn, known as Hill House ; from thence we proceed to \nthe Fishponds, where is an establishment for those who are \nlabouring under an aberration of intellect, under the care of \nDr. Bompas. From the Fishponds we return again to Bristol. \n\nVisit the pretty village of Brislington [p. 349], which is \nabout two miles and a half south-east of Bristol, passing the \nGreat Western Railway Terminus, the Bristol Cemetery \n[p. 246], at Arno\'s Vale, and numerous detached genteel resi- \ndences, surrounded with walks, shrubs, &c. The village church \nand churchyard are well worth attention : in the latter is a \ntombstone, recording the age of Thomas Newton, who was \nburied here in 1542, at the age of 153 years. \n\nThere are numerous other objects worthy the stranger\'s atten- \ntion, such as Mr. Miles\'s pictures at Leigh Court [p. 376], \nBanwell Caves [p. 341], Cheddar Cliffs [p. 352], Chepstow \nCastle, Piercefield, and Tintern Abbey [p. 356], Burnham [p. 351], \nWeston-super-Mare [p. 394], Stanton Drew [p. 385], &c. &c. \n\n\n\nEXPLANATION \n\n\n\nfell?IKllM\xc2\xa9Ii \n\n\n\nTMI PLAM \xc2\xa91? Ma\xc2\xa7T\xc2\xa9L, \n\n\n\nCHURCHES. \n\nA Cathedral \n\nB St. Augustine \n\nC St. Mark (Mayor\'s Chapel) \n\nD St. Stephen \n\nE St. Werburgh \n\nP Late St. Ewen \n\nG All Saints \n\nH Christ Church, Bristol \n\nI St. Mary-le-port \n\nK St. Nicholas \n\nL St. John \n\nM St. Michael \n\nN St. James \n\nO St. Paul \n\nP St. Peter \n\nQ St. Philip \n\nR Temple \n\nS St. Thomas \n\nT St. Mary Redcliff \n\nU Clifton \n\nV Dowry, Chapel of Ease,Clif \'ton \nW St. George \n\nRecently Erected. \n\nX Trinity, Hotwells \n\nY St. Matthew, Kingsdown \nZ St. Paul, Bedminster \n\na Trinity, West-street \n\nb St. Andrew, Montpellier \n\nc St. Barnabas, Ashley Road \n\nd Christ Church, Clifton \n\n\n\nMISCELLANEOUS CHAPELS. \n\n16 Muller and Craik\'s, Great \nGeorge-street \n\n19 Ditto, St. Augustine\'s-place \n\n22 Roman Catholic \n\n120 Ditto, Under the Bank, St. \n\nAugustine\'s-place \n\n124 Ditto, Park-place, Clifton \n\n26 Unitarian \n\n31 Moravian \n\n40 Providence \n\n42 Friends\' \n\n48 Welsh Calvinistic \n\n100 Jews\' Synagogue \n\n107 Guinea-street \n\n\n\nMETHODIST CHAPELS. \n\n29 Portland \n\n47 Ebenezer \n\n86 St. Philip \n\n1 1 1 Langton-street \n\n115 Hotwell-road \n\n116 Grenville-place \n\n\n\nINDEPENDENT CHAPELS. \n\n5 Hope \n\n21 Lady Huntingdon\'s \n\n39 Newfoundland-street \n\n4 1 Tabernacle \n\n80 Bridge-street \n\n83 Castle Green \n\n85 Welsh \n\n118 Anvil-square \n\n119 Kingsland Road \n123 Highbury, Cotham \n125 Zion, Bedminster \n\nBAPTIST CHAPELS. \n\n44 King-street \n\nSO Broadmead \n\n56 Pithay \n\n5)2 Thrissel-street \n\n93 Counterslip \n\n121 Opposite Richmond-terrace \n\nJ.38 Welsh, Upper Maudlin-st. \n\n\n\nSCHOOLS. \n\n12 St. Augustine\'s Charity \n\n13 Red Maid\'s \n\n14 City Grammar \n20 Colston\'s \n\n24 City \n\n28 Elbridge\'s \n\n35 Barton \n\n38 Baptist Academy \n\n53 National \n\n84 Castle Green \n\n87 Lancasterian \n\n97 Colston\'s \n\n99 Temple-street \n\n105 Pile-street \n\n108 Girls* \n\nBishop\'s College \n\n\n\nALMS HOUSES. \n\ni Foster\'s \n\ni Spencer\'s \n\n7 Colston\'s \n\n7 Unitarian \n\nI Tailor\'s \n\ni Bachelor\'s \n\nJ St. James\'s Poor House, (r< \nmoved to Whitson St.) \n\n4 and 55 All Saints\' \n7 Merchants\' \n\ni St. Nicholas \n\n5 Alderman Stephens\'s \nJ Trinity \n\n) Friends\' Workhouse \n\n> White\'s \n\n5 Stephens\'s \n\n1 Burton\'s \n\nJ Fry\'s House of Mercy \n\nJ Canynge\'s \n\ni Redcliff \n\n\n\nPRINCIPAL \nHOTELS, TAVERNS, &e. \n\n3 Bath Hotel \n\n4 Clifton Hotel \n\n6 Gloucester Hotel \n\n15 Royal Western Hotel \n\n30 Montague Tavern \n\n36 Full Moon \n\n49 Greyhound Inn \n\n57 Plume of Feathers \n\n58 White Hart Inn \n\n59 White Lion \n77 Rummer Hotel \n81 Swan Hotel \n\n102 Bell Inn \n\n103 Talbot Inn \n\n\n\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS. \n\n1 Hotwell House \n\n2 S ion-spring \n\n7 Lower Rooms \n\n9 Clifton Dispensary \n\n10 Bristol and Clifton Oil Gu \n\nWorks \n\n1 1 Late Bishop\'s Palace \n\n17 Philosophical Institution \n\n18 Medical Library \n\n32 Penitentiary \n\n33 Asylum for the Blind \n\n34 Infirmary \n52 Bridewell \n\n60 Tailors\' Hall \n\n61 Guildhall \n\n62 Council House \n\n64 Commercial Rooms \n\n65 Savings\' Bank \n\n66 Merchants\' Hall \n\n68 City Library \n\n69 Assembly Room* \n\n70 Excise Office \n\n71 Custom House \n\n73 Theatre Royal \n\n74 Coopers\' Hall \n76 Back Hall \n\n78 Exchange \n\n79 Post Office \n\n82 St. Peter\'s Hospital \n\n91 Gloucester Prison \n\n104 Wool Hall \n\n1 10 New Gaol \n\n113 Cattle Market \n\n114 Coal Gas Works \n\n122 Deaf and Dumb Asylum \n\n126 Great Western, Bristol and \nExeter, and Bristol and \nBirmingham Railway \nTermini, Temple-meads \n\n127 Victoria Rooms, near Park- \ngate \n\n\n\nife; if . t m t\\ \n\n\n\n\n.^>. \n\n\n\n^:f>: \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ni \' \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\xc2\xaba#- A; \n\n\n\n/ \n\n\n\nH \n\n\n\n, ^ \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nA >\' l\'\',w PT.AA 01\' \n\n\n\n* \xe2\x96\xa0\' v. .,>." , . r / \xe2\x80\xa2 ;-_., \' \' ""\xe2\x96\xa0-.. , ; " r " \xe2\x96\xa0\xe2\x96\xa0 j . - .."\'\' : \' \xe2\x96\xa0 \\ I \n\n\n\nANCIENT BRISTOL. \n\n\n\nBristol claims the attention of the traveller, not \nonly as an ancient borough, the site of some great \nhistorical events, but from its admirable situation \nand romantic vicinity; the Pyrenees themselves, \nperhaps, not affording more delightful scenes than \nare disclosed in certain points on the sides of our \nAvon, (a stream not unknown to song, since the \nboy Chatterton mused upon its banks,) especially \nduring the autumnal season, when the grand and \ngorgeous sun-setting hues appear above, and are \nreflected by, the broad Severn, \n\n" dotted with, glancing sails" \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nthe prospect beautifully terminating with the dis- \ntant and receding shores of Wales. \n\nThe origin of the city is hid in great obscurity ; \nno reasonable inquirer will therefore expect much \ninformation respecting the place prior to the descent \nof the Romans. Tradition states that Brennus, the \nleader of the Gauls and the conqueror of Rome, \nb, c. 388, was the first founder of it, and that his \nc \n\n\n\n18 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUTDE. \n\nbrother Belinus, 1 had some share or assisted in the \nfoundation. Hence their statues even now may be \nseen, "quaintly carvelled," on the south side of the \ntower of St. John\'s Church, in Broad Street ; but \nwhen or by whom they were placed there is un- \nknown : they are undoubtedly of high antiquity. \n\nIt seems that the old Welsh chronicles make \nrepeated mention of an inhabited place correspond- \ning in situation with Bristol, under the designation \nof Caer Oder, which means the city of the chasm, \nor rupture, translated by the Saxons into Cliftown. \n\nMr. Seyer, in his "Memoirs of Bristol," observes, \n" Thus was founded a British town on Clifton hill, \nthe original settlement from which Bristol was de- \nrived ; and when this latter town began to flourish, \nand the old hill fortress to be neglected, it was \neasy and natural to call the new town adjoining \nby the old name, as happened at Salisbury, Win- \nchester, Colchester, and other places. It is curious \nto observe how Clifton, after having transferred its \ninhabitants to Bristol, and continued an unfre- \n\n1 " Our ancestors proceed from race divine ; \nProm Brennus and Belinus is our line, \nWho gave to sovereign Rome such loud alarms." \n\nDryden. \n\nBillingsgate, in London, is said to owe its name to Belinus. \nLike Romulus and Remus, these brothers also quarrelled, but \nthe affair was not so fatal : their mother interfering, desired \nthem to plunge their spears in her bosom, which affecting ap- \npeal was the means of their reconciliation. \n\n\n\nANCIENT BRISTOL. 19 \n\nquented village for more than one thousand years, \nis now receiving back its population, and re-assert- \ning its claim to eminence." \n\nCaer Brito is another name assigned to Bristol, \nwhich signified the painted or embellished city. \nThe Saxons seemed to have regard to the construc- \ntion of the word as w ell as the sound of the letters, \nin naming it Bright-stow, the illustrious city; or it \nmay have received the name Caer Brito, the British \ncity, separated as it was from, and so called in \ndistinction to, the Roman city or station Abone, \nnear it: Brit, in the old British, signifying also \nseparated, and Britain, the separated place or isle, \naccording to some. Thus the orthography of the \nword Brito might pass into Brysto, Brystoe, \ntemp. Ed. Conf., Bryghsto, Bristou, Brightstoe, \nBricgstowe, and Brigestow, early in the Saxon \ntimes: in 1106 Brigstou; in 1140 Bristowe. \xe2\x80\x94 By \nFlorence of Worcester, in 1114, it is called Bric- \nstow. By Henry of Huntingdon, 1148, Brigestou. \nIn King John\'s charter, granted in 1190, now \nextant in Latin in the chamber of Bristol, it is \nthroughout written Bristallum : the Normans wrote \nit Bristoit. In Domesday Book, and in the ancient \ncharters of Hen. II. and Hen. III., and in other \npublic acts, it is called Bristold, Bristou, or Bristol, \nthough the latter seems to have been most commonly \nused and is now adopted, the other names being \nconsidered obsolete. \n\n\n\n20 CHXLCOTT\'s BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nIt appears from Tacitus that there was a Roman \ncamp at Clifton : he says that " Ostorius, about the \nyear of Christ 50, extended his victorious arms \nupon the banks of the Severn, and secured that \nriver and the Avon." And, in another place, \n" Ostorius took away the arms of those who were \nsuspected, and restrained those on the rivers Avon \nand Severn, surrounding them with camps." Nu- \nmerous coins also, of Nero, Domitian, Trajan, and \nother Roman emperors, have been dug up here, \nas well as in the neighbourhood of Henbury and \nKingsweston hill, from time to time ; together with \na curious urn, tiles, bricks, &c. which were unearthed \non Clifton Hill, in the year 1783. Of the camp \nmany vestiges remain at this day, on the summit \nof St. Vincent\'s rocks, Clifton, (the Caer Oder of \nMr. Seyer,) and which, from its commanding and \nimpregnable situation, is well supposed to have \nbeen the head-quarters. Having chased those in- \nhabitants of Britain, whom they could not conquer, \ninto Wales, it behoved the invaders to secure the \nfruitful western borders from the irruption of their \nexpatriated enemies; though some writers affirm \nthat their object was rather to keep down a spirited \nand troublesome race called the Cangi, 2 supposed \n\n2 The village of Keynsham, on the Bath road, is said to have \nbeen a station belonging to the Cangi. In the year 49, two \ntrophies were erected by the emperor Claudius, in commemo- \nration of his having annihilated this warlike people. \n\n\n\nANCIENT BRISTOL. 21 \n\nchiefly to inhabit Somersetshire. In either case, \nthe Romans seem to have remained in this neigh- \nbourhood in very considerable numbers. \n\nAbout a mile from the Roman camp at Clifton, \nor station Abone, under the hills, and within its \nview, was the British town ( Caer BritoJ first laid \nout at the conflux of the two rivers, Avon and \nFroom, with which it had the advantage of being \nsurrounded, except on the northern side, where the \ncastle was afterwards erected. The ground on \nwhich the city was built rises each way to the \ncentre, forming a pleasant hill, and thus contribut- \ning to its cleanliness, as every shower washed down \nthe dirt into the rivers, besides affording afterwards \nthe advantage of making those large gouts or \nsewers, so convenient to this day. \n\nHaving pitched upon this commodious situation, \nthe inhabitants divided it into four streets, walling \nit round after the banks of the rivers, for its greater \nsecurity and defence, placing a gate at the end of \neach street, and a church at each corner of the \nfour streets in the centre, where Barrett and others \nstate a cross was erected ; 3 from whence a sure \ninference may be deduced that those who first \nlaid out those streets were Christians. A wall \nembattled on the top joined and enclosed the whole, \nwhich was not more than a mile in circumference ; \n\n3 As a memorial of gratitude to their beneficent sovereign, \nEdward III., the corporation of Bristol, in 1373, erected a High \n\n\n\n%% CHILCOTT S BRISTOL GLIDE. \n\noutside of which^ on the north-west side^ the river \nFroom, before the present Quay was formed, held \n\nCross, in High Street, which, in 1663 was taken down, rebuilt, \nenlarged, and made higher, for the admission of four new \nstatues. It now stood 39 ft. 3 inches high, and was protected \nwith iron palisades. The cost to the chamber of Bristol for \nthose improvements was \xc2\xa3207 ; but whether this sum included \nthe four new statues is not known. The order of their appear- \nance was as follows : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nNorth, facing Broad Street \xe2\x80\x94 Charles I., John. \n\nEast, do. Wine Street\xe2\x80\x94 Henry VI. Henry III. \n\nWest, do. Corn Street \xe2\x80\x94 Elizabeth, Edward III. \n\n\'South, do. High Street \xe2\x80\x94 James I., \xe2\x80\x94 Edward IY. \nThe Bristol High Cross had been for centuries the spot at \nwhich every event of importance, whether of a national or local \ncharacter, was celebrated. Here was the scene alternately of \ngaiety and of sorrow \xe2\x80\x94 of triumph and of defeat. It was here, \nin 1399, that Wm. Lord Scroop, Earl of Wiltshire, and Treasurer \nof England, Sir John Bushy, and Sir Wm. Greene, ministers of \nRichard II., were beheaded, without trial, by the command of \nthe Duke of Lancaster. They had fled to Bristol Castle for \nsafety ; but after four days\' siege they surrendered, and then \nwere decapitated to appease the people. In the following year \nit was witness to the execution of Lord Spencer, for a conspiracy \nagainst Henry IV. \xe2\x80\x94 his head was sent to London. In 1487, \nwhen Henry VII. came to this city, he was attended by the cor- \nporation, " dressed in green, to the High Cross, where the clergy \nmet him in their robes, and where was a pageant full of maiden \nchildren, richly beseem, and Prudentia had a speech compli- \nmentary." In 1542, Bristol, by sound of trumpet was proclaimed \na bishopric at the High Cross. August 4, 1554, Mary and Philip \nwere proclaimed here as Queen and King of England ; and on \nMarch 28, 1603, James I. was proclaimed here by Mr. George \nSnigge, the recorder, who was accompanied by the mayor and \naldermen, in their scarlet robes, and all the city companies, \n\n\n\nANCIENT BRISTOL. \n\n\n\n02 \n\n\n\non its course through the Fish Market, now St. \nStephen\'s Street and Baldwin Street, to St. Nicho- \nlas Port, and there it emptied itself into the Avon \nin full current, where was the confluence of the \ntwo rivers. It drove a mill erected for the use of \nthe town, called Baldwin\'s Cross Mill, just before \nits discharge into the Avon. \n\nThus St. Nicholas Street and St. Leonard\'s Lane, \nto the south and west, were the boundaries of the \nold city ; which being continued on to St. John\'s \nGate, through Bell Lane, (in which was a church \ndedicated to St. Laurence,) joined, on the north, \nthe tower wall in Tower Lane, \xe2\x80\x94 containing a strong \ngate in its centre and another at its upper end at \nthe top of the Pithay, \xe2\x80\x94 and extending itself into \nWynch Street, also called Wine Street, to Defence \nLane, (now Dolphin Street) joined the city wall \non the banks of the Avon, to the east, which \nwas fortified with a wall round to St. Nicholas \nGate. This formed the internal wall of the \n\n\n\nunder their proper ensigns: \xe2\x80\x94 the two sheriffs also, in their \nscarlet gowns, stood in the High Cross, with his Majesty\'s \npicture over their heads, in sight of the populace. In conse- \nquence of the inconvenience experienced by its being placed in \nthe centre of the city, where the four principal streets met, this \nbeautiful structure was removed in 1736 to College Green. \nAfter remaining here, however, but a short time, it was again \ntaken down, and after some time presented to that venerable \nantiquary, the late Sir Hiehard ColtHoare, Bart., of Stourhead, \nWilts, who placed it in his park, where it still remains. \n\n\n\n24 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\ncity; the external, on the northern side, being \nconstructed on the very bank of the Froom, from \nFroom Gate to Pithay Gate and Newgate, and \nthence joining the Castle ; and after the course of \nthe Froom was changed for the purpose of forming \nthe Quay in 1247, the outward wall ran in a line \nfrom Froom Gate straight along the Quay, where \nwas a tower opposite the present Swivel Bridge at \nthe bottom of Clare Street, to the Marsh Gate, \nround by King Street to the gate 4 on the Back, \nthe wall there joining the Avon. \n\nOn the north-east side the wall 5 was moted with \na little arm of the Froom, by a channel made by \nhand quite round till it met the Avon, which skirted \n\n4 Bristol had sixteen gates in 1671, of which the following \nonly now remain, viz. : \xe2\x80\x94 the Gateway to the Monastery, for- \nmerly in Lower College Green, \xe2\x80\x94 a very interesting specimen \nof Norman architecture. It was built originally with the \nCathedral, in 1142, but repaired and restored, according to \nBritton, between the years 1480 and 1520. It is much admired \nfor the elegance of its finely curved arch, and the richness of its \nornamental carving. In the niches above the arch are the efli- \ngies of Newland and Elliot. \xe2\x80\x94 St. John\'s Gateway, on which \nare erected the tower and spire of St. John\'s Church. \xe2\x80\x94 The \nTower Gateway, at the end of St. John Street, is a plain arch \nin the thick old city wall, on which a lofty house is erected. \n\n5 William Wyrcestre states that the walls of the old town \nwere high and massive, and protected by no less than twenty- \nfive large embattled towers, round or square. Two of these \ntowers were remarkable for their superior architecture, viz. \nBagod\'s Tower, built on the wall opposite to the church of the \nFranciscans, and Vielle\'s Tower, erected near the Quay. \n\n\n\n\nICHNOGRAPHYc///,, \xe2\x80\x9e\xe2\x80\x9e.,\xe2\x80\x9e,!/ CASTLE ^BRl STOW \n\n\n\nANCIENT BRISTOL. XO \n\nthe city on the south side, where the wall was con- \ntinued round the Castle; thus completing the forti- \nfication of the city. \n\nOn the south side of the wall above described, \nran the Avon, which parts Somersetshire from \nGloucestershire : and during the Saxon heptarchy, \nBristol was reckoned in these two counties or \nkingdoms: in the former were the Mercians seated; \nin the latter, or Eedcliff side, the West Saxons. \n\nStrong holds, in the more barbarous periods of \nEnglish history, were objects of the greatest soli- \ncitude to those in power; hence, from the for- \nmidable fortress erected here by the Earls of \nGloucester, our city becomes strikingly connected \nwith the history of the country soon after the con- \nquest. But of Bristol Castle 6 hardly a vestige re- \n\n6 There is no mention of Bristol Castle in Domesday Book. \nBristol is there assessed at five hundred marks. The Bishop \nof Coutance (Godfrey) is said to have built the castle by order \nof William the Conqueror, about 1069 or 1070. But it was \nRobert the Consul, or the Eed Earl of Gloucester, illegitimate \nson of Henry I., who principally deserves the title of founder, \nfor he made vast additions to it, and greatly strengthened it, \nbetween the years 1110 and 1138, at which date it was com- \npleted, when he received his half-sister, the Empress Maud. \nThe great tower, or keep, was exactly on the model of the Tower \nof London, not much inferior in its dimensions, and is said to \nhave been faced, at least, with stone brought from Caen in \nNormandy. It commanded the military possession of the west \nof England, and was the royal residence whenever the sovereign \nmade a voyage to Dublin, before the conquest of North Wales. \n\n\n\n26 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nmains, though, its site can be distinctly ascertained, \nas being on the eastern side of the town ; the first \nand corner house of Castle Street on the left, as we \nenter it from the city, stands on the outward edge \nof the Castle Ditch, and from thence the fortress \nextended to the beginning of Old Market Street. \nThe castle occupied the isthmus between the two \nrivers, along which was the direct and original com- \nmunication between the town and the main part of \nGloucestershire, through the Old Market and the \n\nEdward II. escaped from incarceration here, but was retaken, \nand suffered a violent death at Berkeley Castle. Richard II. \nheld his court at Bristol. \n\nThe castle was divided into two large wards, which occupied \nthree acres of ground. The upper ward was entirely military, \nand the lower palatial, containing, as in the castles of Carnarvon \nand Conway, a hall, spacious apartments, and other appendages. \n\nThe length of the hall was 36 yards, breadth 18. Height of the \nexternal walls above the windows, 14 feet ; in a state of ruin. \nTo the left of the royal hall was the royal chamber, 1 7 yards \nlong. There was a slab or table of marble stone, 15 feet in \nlength, at which the king sate, at the upper end of the hall. \n\nThere were two chapels, one for the garrison, and the other \nfor the king and his court during their residence. The kitchens \nand offices were very large, and the constable\'s house in a great \ntower, now dilapidated, (unde magna pietas surgit!) the more\'s \nthe pity ! \n\nAfter the reign of Richard II. it fell into rapid decay, from \ndesertion both by the court and garrison : a circumstance which \nis noticed by Wyrcestre, and farther confirmed by Leland. The \nspacious site is now known by the names of the Castle Precincts, \nCastle Street, Castle Green, and Castle Ditch, or Lower Castle \nStreet. \n\n\n\nANCIENT BRISTOL. % k \n\npresent Castle Street ; and the erection of the castle \nprevented that direct communication, and forced \nall who came to the town from that part of the \ncountry to pass to the right hand by the side of \nCastle Ditch, and along the Weir, and then by a \nsteep and narrow way under the castle wall, until \nthey entered the city by passing through Newgate, \nwhich communicated with the castle wall, and was \nin the power of the governor : this was the only \nroad to the town in that direction, until the castle \nwas demolished in 1656, when a communication \nwas opened in a direct line between the Old Mar- \nket and Peter Street, by the formation of Castle \nStreet. (See Ground Plan.) \n\nWilliam Wyrcestre\'s description of the Castle \nis as follows : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nu The Quantity of the Dongeon of the Castell of \n\nBristow, after th\' Information of Porter \n\nof the Castell. \n\n" The tour called the dongeon ys in thyknes, at \nfote [the foundation] 25 pedes, [feet] and at the \nladyng place, under the leede-cuveryng 9 feet et \ndimid. \n\n"And in length este and weste, 60 pedes [feet] ; \nand north and southe, 45 pedes [feet] ; with nn \ntoures standyng upon the fowre corners, And the \nhyest toure callyd the Mayn, id est, mightiest \ntower, above all the fowre toures, is fyve fethym \n\n\n\n28 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nhygh [30 feet] abofe, and the wallys be in thiknes \nthere, vi fote. Item, the length of the castelle \nwythin the wallys est and weste ys 180 virgae \n[yards]. \n\n" Item, the bredth of the castell from the north \nto the southe wyth the grate garden, that ys from \nthe water-gate to the mayng rounde of the castill, \nto the walle northwarde towarde the blak-frerys, \n100 virgae. Item, a bastylle lyeth southward be- \nyond the watyr-gate, and contayneth in length 60 \nvirgae. Item, the length of the bulwark at the \nutter gate of St. Philip\'s church conteyneth 60 \nyardes large. Item, the yerdes called sparres of \nthe hall-ryal [the king\'s hall] conteyneth yn length \nabout 45 fete of whole pece. Item, the brede of \nevery sparre, at fote, conteyneth 12 inch and eight \ninch."\xe2\x80\x94 p. 260. \n\nLeland, who took a view of it in the sixteenth \ncentury, says : u In the castle are two courts ; in \nthe outer court and north-west part of it is a great \ndungeon tower, built of stone said to be brought \nfrom Caen, in Normandy, by the red Earl of Glou- \ncester ; also a church and many lodging apartments. \nIn two areas on the south side of it are, a great \ngate, a stone bridge, and bulwarks, on the left bank \nof the mouth of the river Froom (by which he must \nmean that part of it which runs into Lower Castle \nStreet). There are many towers yet standing in \nboth the courts, but all tending to ruin." We may, \n\n\n\nANCIENT BRISTOL. 29 \n\nhowever, congratulate ourselves upon its destruc- \ntion, for as long as it existed, it was the resort of \nrobbery, cruelty, and violence. Suffice it to say, \nthat in the reign of King John it was annexed to \nthe crown ; that at the dissolution of monasteries \nmuch church plate was coined into monies, and a \nprinting press set up within its walls, for printing \nof Homilies ; that Charles I. sold it to the corpora- \ntion for the sum of nine hundred and fifty-nine \npounds ; and that Oliver Cromwell decreed its de- \nmolition in 1655. Thus was the fortress destroyed, \nafter it had stood at least six hundred years. 7 \n\nThus secured on all sides with every kind of \ndefence by nature as well as by art, the old town \nappears to have been impregnable ; for in addition \nto its castle, its walls, and fortifications, it was sur- \nrounded by the hilly ground of St. Brandon, St. \nMichael, and Kingsdown to the west and north ; \nby Eedcliff and Pyle Hill on the south; and by the \ncastle on the east. But the insular situation of the \ncity obliged the inhabitants, from their increasing \nnumbers, to extend the boundaries ; and buildings \nwere soon extensively erected in the suburbs; par- \nticularly in the parishes of St. Mary Eedcliff and \nTemple, which also becoming large and populous, \nhad magistrates of their own appointment, the chief \nof whom was denominated "Praepositor," andexer- \n\n7 The constables were sent to warn every householder to \nassist in the demolition of this castle, personally or by substitute. \n\n\n\n80 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\ncised the same authority, as well as possessed the \nsame title,, as the chief magistrate of Bristol. The \nonly way of communication between the city and \nthose suburbs was a ferry, till 1247, when a strong \nstone bridge was built, with lofty houses on each \nside of it, and a chapel across the bridge, forming \na gateway in the centre. This bridge was taken \ndown in 1761, and the present one opened in \n1768, 8 when Bristol and Redcliff were united to \neach other, and placed under the jurisdiction of \nthe magistrates of the former, by charter from \nHenry III. The next extension of the boundaries \nappears to have been on the side of St. Augustine, \nwhere, in 1148, a monastery dedicated to that saint, \nalso a priory to St. James, and other religious \nhouses began to be established, through the favour \nand opulence of great men, and the charitable dis- \nposition of the people. 9 And wherever these were \n\n8 Besides the swivel bridge at the bottom of Clare Street, and \nthe stone bridge at the head of the Quay, there are no less than \nthirteen bridges of one arch, with houses erected on them, \nwhich cross the Froom. \n\n9 "When the castle, the abbey of St. Augustine, and the \npriory of St. James were founded, a distribution of the town \ninto parishes appears to have taken place, under the authority \nof the bishops of Worcester. Like Norwich and several others \namong the larger old towns, the churches were very thickly \nplaced, most of them being of very small dimensions, and of the \nrudest architecture. As piety became aided by wealth, in the \ngrowing prosperity of individuals, fraternities and parishes vied \nwith each other in re- constructing their churches upon the \n\n\n\nANCIENT BRISTOL. SI \n\nerected, the inhabitants built their houses near them, \nfrom a persuasion that in such situations they were \n\nsame consecrated ground. There were likewise perpetual funds \nfor their embellishment, which were constantly replenished, \n\' ad fabricam,\' by testamentary bequests of the more wealthy \ninhabitants. Chantries for obituary masses were built, as \nadditions to the several churches, to the number in some of \nthem of seven or eight. Upon these shrines and altars the \nmost delicate architecture and carving were usually bestowed, \nand remained to be destroyed either by the reformers and \npuritans, or by modern repairs. Several of these churches \nwere very highly adorned in their interior parts. The richest \nparticles of masonry were applied without regard to expense ; \nand the enlarged windows were decorated with stained glass of \ncurious and brilliant imagery. Those churches in Bristol which \nare at this time the more remarkable for their beauty, were cer- \ntainly built about the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. In an \nera when stained glass, representing scriptural stories and por- \ntraits, were the coveted ornaments of all churches, those of \nBristol were probably replete with that species of embellish- \nment. It is not, however, certain that any manufactory of it \nwas established here, but at Coventry, York, and London ; and \nmuch of the finer sort was imported from France and Flanders. \nFrom the facility with which it could then be procured by the \nmerchants, we cannot doubt but that it abounded in all the \nsacred buildings in this town. Yery few fragments, however, \nnow remain, excepting in the Cathedral church. Fanaticism at \nthe Pveformation, and during the occupation of the town by the \ntroops of Fairfax and Cromwell, and, more than all, the love of \ndestroying and repairing by the same hands, and the interested \nmotives of the repairers themselves, have banished the * dim \nreligious light\' from almost every window ; and the churches \nare now fitted up, like lanterns, with raw white or green glass, \nas evidenced in the windows of the churches of St. Atigustine\'s, \nSt. Mary Bedcliff, St. Stephen\'s, and the Temple." \n\n\n\n3\xc2\xab CHILCOTT S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nmore under the protection of the saints to whom \nthose sacred edifices were dedicated. Leland has \nenumerated several religious houses in Bristow in \nhis time. \xe2\x80\x94 Itin. 2nd edit, folio, vol. vii. p. 70. \n\nOf remarkable buildings for public accommoda- \ntion and correction, Wyrcestre, in the fifteenth \ncentury, named the following : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n" The Tholsylle, where the mayor and common \ncouncil meet from day to day, as it may be required, \nunder a cover of a ceiling leaded over, opposite to \nthe west door of Christ Church. Upon the bridge \nthere is a fair and large room, beautifully vaulted, \nbeneath St. Mary\'s Chapel, for the session of the \nsheriffs and jurats of the town to consult for the \npublic good." \n\n"The Council House for the mayor, sheriffs, \nbailiffs, and principal merchants, is situate on the \nopen space above the Tholsylle, opposite the chan- \ncel of All Saints\' Church. \n\n" The Pillorye, near the oldest gate in the wall, \nin the middle of "VVynche Street, (Wine Street) is a \nround building, handsomely constructed with free- \nstone, both for dimensions and height, with cham- \nbers and windows artificially barred with iron : \nand upon the platform of the roof of this building \nis erected a collistrigium of timber frame work, in \norder to collistrige or pillory infamous men, espe- \ncially dishonest bakers." \n\nIn the beginning of the eighteenth century, the \n\n\n\nANCIENT BRISTOL. 33 \n\nMarsh was laid out for building, and the houses \nforming the south-east side of Queen Square were \ncommenced ; and shortly after Prince\'s Street was \nformed out of what was anciently the rope walk, \nand the greater portion of the houses in King Street \nwere erected. In the year 1771 a subscription of \n\xc2\xa38,000, of which sum the corporation gave \xc2\xa32,000, \nwas raised for erecting a new street (Clare Street) \nfrom Corn Street to the Quay. Previously to \nwhich, at the west end of Corn Street, stood three \narched* gateways; forming together a triangle. \nThe south gate led to Baldwin Street ; the north \nto the Quay ; and the east, which was the largest, \nand sustained the tower of St. Leonard\'s church, \nled to Corn Street. The latter was taken down \nin 1776, to lay open the new street, and the parish \nwas consolidated with that of St. Nicholas. The \naltar piece was sold, and placed in the parish church \nof Backwell, Somerset. \n\nThe hill of Kingsdown, and the parish of St. \nJames underneath it, were very rapidly covered \nwith buildings, including St. James\'s Square, King \nSquare, and Brunswick Square, (the last begun in \n1769 and completed in 1788). The names of Ann \nStreet and George Street leave no doubt as to \nthe date in which they were built. Marlborough \nand Eugene Streets, in St. James\'s, remind us \nof the times in which those heroes flourished. \nDenmark and Hanover Streets, in St. Augustine\'s \n\nD \n\n\n\n34 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nparish, are no doubt also significant. The houses \nin College Green, Trinity, and Orchard Streets, \nwith numerous others, soon followed. But the \nmost extensive enlargement of the city has been \nwithin the last sixty years, during which period \nvillas and streets have been built, and even parishes \nhave been covered with houses and inhabited, \nround the very large suburbs of Bristol, Clifton, \nand the Hotwells ; and the population has nearly \ndoubled itself in that time. \n\nHaving attempted to give a topographical sketch \nor history of the origin, increase, and growing im^- \nportance of Bristol, it will not be uninteresting per- \nhaps to offer a view of the domestic history, habita- \ntions, and manners, of the burgesses of Bristol in the \nearly part of the fifteenth century, as left on record \nby William Wyrcestre in his Itinerary. 10 By such \n\n10 To William Botoner, otherwise "William "Wyrcestre, the \nhistorians of Bristol are under peculiar obligations. He was \nborn at a house on St. James\'s Bee or Back, as it is now called, \nin Bristol, in the year 1415, temp. Henry V. He described \nevery building he saw with painful minuteness, giving us the \nmeasurements by the number of strides he was compelled to \nmake, in traversing the different objects. His manuscript long \nlay hid in Benet College Library, Cambridge : it was his com- \nmon-place pocket book, and the companion of his travels ; but \nwritten in so vile a character, that it required an CEdipus to \ndecypher it. The late ingenious Mr. Nasmith, however, ac- \ncomplished the task and published the book, with Simon \nSimeonis, in 1778. Botoner died in they ear 1484. He is \nsaid to have been the first who translated Cicero\'s Discourse \non Old Age ; dedicating it to Bishop Wainneet. \n\n\n\nANCIENT BRISTOL. 35 \n\nmeans we become conversant, as it were, with the \nforms of past ages, and " old things become new." \n\nThe best possible evidence will be derived from \ntheir several wills, 11 now preserved in the archives \nof the corporation, from which such extracts will \nbe made as may tend to elucidate the subject. \n\nSeveral of the principal houses have been no- \nticed in Wyrcestre\'s survey. There were some of \nstone ; but they were usually of timber-frame, \nhaving their fronts very curiously carved, with \noverhanging stories towards the street. In the two \nsucceeding centuries they were much more highly \ncarved and ornamented. But the common mer- \nchants\' houses, from the minute description given \nof them in their wills, were uniformly upon the \nfollowing plan : " There were few without cellars, \nco-extensive with the whole area of the house, and \nexcavated under the pavement of the streets, in \n\n11 The Book of Wills, or, as it is sometimes called, the " Or- \nphans* Book," is a very large and thick folio, bound in vellum. \nIt commences with Testam. Johis Wodehous, May 8, 1282, 10 \nEdw. I., and concludes, as far as they are written in Latin, with \nTest. Johae Kemson Vidua?, 1479, 18 Edw. IY. The mayor and \ncommon council were guardians of all orphan children of bur- \ngesses, supervisors of wills, and in many instances, residuary \nlegatees. " Inveniendo securitatem Villce, sicut mos est et con~ \nsuetudo." Extracts from Wills. \n\n"Tenementum meum, cum solario et cellario, shopis," &c. \n\n"Unum magnum tenementum cum 84 shopis." \n\nu Cum magno * vaulte/ In aula mea capitali." \n\nW. Canynge, 1475. \n\n\n\n36 CHILOOTX\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nwhich all the heavy goods were stored." Of such \n" cellaria," sometimes vaulted with stone, or other- \nwise covered with beams of timber, not less than \none hundred and sixty-nine within the walls, ex- \nclusive of those in the piers of the bridge, and on \nthe other side of the river, are enumerated in the \nItinerary. It is a very curious fact, that subterra- \nnean Bristol nearly equalled its surface. All heavy \ngoods were removed upon sledges or drays from \nthe quays upon which they were landed. \n\nThe ground-floor was entirely occupied by \n" shopae," which, from their number under one roof, \nmust have been small shops, or stalls, which were \nlet out ; behind was a very spacious room, called \ntc aula," or the hall, in which silk and woollen \ngoods were placed, occasionally serving for the \nfamily festivities. Upon the first floor were the \n" parlura, coquina, camera," the chambers in which \nthe proprietor and his own household dwelt. Above \nall, with sometimes an intermediate story, beside \nthat under the roof, were those called " solaria," \nand allotted either as sleeping-rooms, or for the \nmore valuable articles of merchandise. \n\nWealth had then produced luxury, which was \nfirst of all exhibited in personal apparel, 12 costly \n\n12 The will of Henry Gildeney, 1430, affords a very curious \nand interesting evidence of the kind of wealth in which the opu- \nlent merchant or burgess lived. He possessed wearing apparel, \npersonal armour, and plate, both plain and parcel gilt, of a \n\n\n\nANCIENT BRISTOL. 37 \n\ngowns of silk, and furs, basilards or short swords, \nwith their ivory handles inlaid with silver, and \nembroidered girdles, by which they were appended \nin front. Plate, 13 gilt and embossed, was rare, and \n\nquantity and value apparently above men of his own rank. \n" Camelaukam meum de skarlett cum furrura in eadem." ( The \ncamail was a large hood, covering both the head and shoulders, as \nis seen in all the portraits of Chancer ; and was so called because \ncomposed of earners hair. Scarlet was equally esteemed with furs \nfor pelisses. The different kinds of valuable furs are specified, \nsuch as " gris,furques, martens, axi&ftchew;" but not ermine.) \n" Capitalem meam togam de skarlett, cum tribus bottyns, (but- \ntons of silver) cum furrura * de gris,\' " (fur of the grey or \nbadger.) " Alteram togam de sanguine cum furrura de martens.\' * \n(Sanguine is usually called " color blodius," from its obvious re- \nsemblance.) " Basilardum meum harnizatum cum argento, et \noptimum meum duploidem, et unum par novum caligarum. \nAlterum basilardum cum le yvori hafte." (A peculiar sort of \nshort sword. This had an ivory haft, and teas garnished, orna- \nmented, or mounted with silver. Duploidem, a doublet or juste- \nau-corps, composed of canvas and chain mail. The shoes were war \nshoes, jointed with iron.) The basilard is seen in the engraved \nbrass figures of burgesses, upon tombs. " Optimam armaturam \nmeam cum uno poleax et lancea" (my best personal armour). \n" Zonam harnizatam cum barris argenti rotundis" (a girdle for \nthe basilard, garnished with small silver ornaments, called barrels). \n" Togas pennulatas" (gowns, with hanging sleeves winged from \nthe shoulders). In 1410, John Hunte bequeaths, " sellammeam \ncum freno, et arcum et sagittas et bokelere." \n\n13 Most of the opulent merchants had a display of plate, the \narticles of which were repeated, " secundo et tertio meliorem." \nIt was placed as a deposit in the "buffetorium" (a word which \noccurs in some of the wills ; buffetorium et cistas meas, my bouffet \nand chests) ; or upon a standing cupboard at the head of the \ntable, as well as upon it, and was a visible demonstration of \n\n\n\n38 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nspecially bequeathed. Bowls, large cups for wine, \nsaucers for drinking it, and broad plates and dishes \nfor sweetmeats and confectionary, with small spoons \nappear to have been the only pieces. In some \ninstances we have bequests of armour. Rich beds \nof cloth, silk, and embroidery, which occur so \nfrequently in the wills of the higher ranks, 14 are \nnot mentioned. It was usual for a husband to de- \nvise to his wife the furniture of his own chamber, \nct totam cameram meant ;" but coverlids and best \nlinen sheets are specified, and once or twice a best \nbed of tapestry work, with a tester. \n\nwealth, very gratifying to the possessor. " Duas potas argenti," \n" cou pam deauratam, cum co-opterio" (the cover), "unam \nzonam deauratam" (a girdle embroidered with gold), "ollam \nargenti continentem quartam vini" (a jug containing a quart of \nwine), "cypham cum co-opterio vocatum Bolle." \xe2\x80\x94 Walter \nDerby, 1385. \n\n" Unam calicem argenti (a silver chalice), unum pelvem de- \nauratam" (a gilt ewer). "Unum cyphum cum imagine Scti. \nJohannis" (a cup, with the figure of St. John upon the cover). \xe2\x80\x94 \nAlice Stokes, 1393. \n\n" Unum chargeriam argenti vocatam, Flat pece" (a dish or \ncharger for meat) ; " dimidiam duodenam cochlearum" (half a \ndozen spoons) ; " unum discum argenti vocatum Sypcedisch \ndeauratum, unum craterem argenti cum co-opterio swaggid" \n(chased or embossed); "cyphum stantem cum co-opterio et \nunam perlam in eadem." (This has been usually called the grace- \ncup of parcel gilt, and this had a pearl set in the cover) ; " patel- \nlam" (a small plate); "Belle pece secundo meliorem" (a small \ndish, of wrought or embossed silver \', to hold confectionary). \xe2\x80\x94 \xe2\x80\xa2 \nHenry Gildeney, 1430. \n\n14 See Testamenta Vetusta. \n\n\n\nANCIENT BRISTOL. 39 \n\nBequests for obituary masses and requiems were \ndictated by the same superstition as in other places. \nThere was a certain rate paid for them in point of \nnumber and duration ; but the sums actually be- \nqueathed depended upon the piety of the individual. 15 \nTheir legacies to their servants and to the poor were \nlarge, and extensive in their objects. 16 They were \nenjoined, for the relief of the lame and blind, \nmending highways, and giving portions with poor \nmaidens in marriage. 17 The provision made for \n\n15 The legacies to the parish churches were chiefly vestments, \nrichly embroidered, and service books. "To St. Stephen\'s, \nduos libros vocatus missales" (two books called Missals) ; \n" etiam sex paria vestimentorum, viz. : unus par develvett super \nvelvett broideringe cum una cruce de redde velvett, item aliud \nde nigro velvett, broideryd cum una cruce de clothe of golde ;" \nthe others were no less splendid. \xe2\x80\x94 J. Shipward, 1403. \n\nJohn Vielle, 1398, orders a thousand masses, and bequeaths \n" unum annulum ferentem unum lapidem de columpna ad quam \nligatus fuit Dns. Noster Jesu Christus" (a ring, bearing apiece of \nthe stone pillar to which J. C. was tied) to St. Stephen\'s church. \n\n16 " Johanni Berkley serviente meo \xc2\xa340; Waltero Bontflower \nserviente meo 66 marcs, 8 solid." \xe2\x80\x94 Walter Derby, 1385. "Mar- \ngaretse Lewes unum lectum, 1 superlectulum, 1 par lodicum, 1 \npar lenthiaminum et \xc2\xa36. Cuilibet puellae serviente meo 1 lec- \ntum" (a bed, one pair of blankets, and one pair of sheets, and six \npounds in money. To each of my servant-maids a bed.) \xe2\x80\x94 William \nCoder, 1473. \n\n17 Walter Frampton directs many messuages to be sold and \ndivided into four parts, " unam pauperibus caecis et claudis \n(blind and lame) ; 21m. in maritagiis pauperum juvencularum. \n3tiam, in emendatione viarum et pontium. 4tm. inter religiosos \nmendicantes" (four orders of whom were established in Bristol.) \n\n\n\n40 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nthe payment of just debts was of prime consider- \nation. 18 \n\nThat their obsequies should be solemnized ac- \ncording to the ritual, with care, if not with pomp, \nas in certain instances, was an especial direction. 19 \nIn order to avoid the manifest injustice of entirely \nalienating property from the children or relatives \nof the deceased, for the perpetual support of chan- \ntries and obits, the priests were contented, or found \nit their policy to be contented, with such estab- \nlishments for a term of years, with remainder to \ncertain individuals of the testator\'s family, named \nin their wills; and in some instances, for pious \nuses in general, according to the discretion of the \nmayor and chief burgesses for the time being, 20 and \nof which many instances occur during the four- \nteenth and fifteenth centuries. \n\nIn several of the wills of the aldermen, who may \nbe supposed to have attained the years of extra- \n\n\n\n18 Si quis voluerit jurare super libmm, quod sum in debito, \nilli quod solvatur." \xe2\x80\x94 John Vielle. Jun. \n\n19 \xc2\xab Twenty-four men to carry torches, et cuilibet portatori \ntogam de nigro friseo (frieze cloth) cum caputio de albo friseo ; \net in ecclesia Sti. Stephani, quotidie ij. torchys ardentes, coram \nsepulchrum meum." \xe2\x80\x94 \xc2\xab7, Shipward. \n\n20 a p ro 2 sacerdotibus, celebraturis, ad summum altare, per \n25 annos, singulis diebus post obitum meum ; et post completes, \nunum sacerdotem qui teneat anniversarium meum," &c. (two \npriests to celebrate before the high altar for 25 years, and after- \nivards one f for my anniversary.) \xe2\x80\x94 Ejtisdem, \n\n\n\nANCIENT BRISTOL. 41 \n\nordinary discrection, there are prudential clauses \nrespecting their widows, which might not so well \nsuit with modern liberality. Walter Derby, in \n1385, leaves many tenements and an ample dower \nto Joan his wife; but upon this absolute condi- \ntion: \n\n" That she should not re-marry, but keep herself sole and \nchaste ; but if she should take to herself a man, to cohabit \nwith her, (which God forbid !) and the same can be lawfully \nproved, then that the mayor and common council shall im- \nmediately, and without dely, enter into possession, and sell \nthem for pious uses." \n\nWalter Frampton, in 1388, states the same case \nmore severely, and orders, \n\n" That the tenements so bequeathed shall be sold sepa- \nrately, by the sound of the trumpet, at the High Cross, with- \nout fraud or collusion." \n\nIn later wills, requests occur to the mayor and \nsheriffs to take the best security, in case of a \nsecond marriage, that the widow, being executrix, \nand her new husband, should not be empowered \nto injure the portions of the children of the former \nmarriage. Such was the wisdom of our simple \nforefathers ! \xe2\x80\x94 but as the opinions and manners of \nsociety are proportionably improved since the fif- \nteenth century, our churches are now built by \n\n\n\n42 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\ntaxes levied upon the people ; 21 and the property \nof orphans is protected and diminished by inter- \nminable suits in chancery. \n\nIn the "Proeme" to "William Wyrcestre \nRedivivus," the author has introduced himself in \nan imaginary dialogue with the venerable Wyrces- \ntre, and exclaims, " How do I envy you a sight of \nBristow, in the year 1480 ! Then were the massive \nwalls and gates entire \xe2\x80\x94 the castle, with its lofty \nand magnificent keep, c the fairest tower in west- \nernlond,\' proudly reared its head \xe2\x80\x94 now levelled \nwith the earth, \'the baseless fabric of a vision.\' \nThe two beautiful churches of the Franciscans and \nCarmelites, one with its slender spire, and the \nother with its handsome tower, each then rivalling \nthe neighbouring church of St. Stephen, and now \nknown only by their sites \xe2\x80\x94 so many windows \n6 richly dight\' with iridical colours \xe2\x80\x94 shrines and \naltars of exquisite carving, all demolished by in- \ndiscriminating zeal, or hidden from the sight by \nworse taste." \xe2\x80\x94 p. 10. \n\n21 In the course of two centuries, the following churches were \nbuilt by private individuals : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nSt Mary Redcliff, by W. Canynge. \n\nSt John, Walter Frampton. \n\nSt Werburgh, Walter Derby. \n\nAll of them mayors of Bristol, \n\n\n\nANNALS OF BRISTOL. 43 \n\n\n\nThe following Historical Xotices of Royal Visits, Charters to \nthe City, \xc2\xa7c. chronologically arranged, maybe deemed amusing \nand interesting, as well to the stranger as to the citizen : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nAbout 1139, the Empress Maud, who had landed at \nArundel, was conducted in the true spirit of chivalry to \nBristol, by King Stephen\'s brother, the Bishop of Win- \nchester, to join her brother, the noble Earl of Gloucester. \nEarl Robert\'s head quarters at Bristol became, during the \ncivil war, a mere stronghold of banditti, which the Earl \ncould by no means restrain ; they made excursions hence \nto plunder the neighbouring counties, and returned to the \ncastle with numbers of miserable captives ; and many, who \ncould not redeem themselves, they murdered in torturing \nto make them confess what money they could raise. \nEristol, at this time, is mentioned as being " the volcano \nwhence the kingdom was deluged with fire and sword. " \n\nHolingshed relates that a portion of the early education \nof Prince Henry, son of the Empress Maud, and after- \nwards King Henry II., was committed to one Matthews, \na schoolmaster of this city, u to be instructed and trained \nup in civil behaviour" This occurred probably from the \neighth to the twelfth year of the Prince\'s age. Matthews \nlived near the great stone house, the residence of the \nHardinges,in Baldwin Street; and hence doubtless origi- \nnated the friendship of the prince with some of the younger \nmembers of the Fitzharclinge family ; for as Robert was \nborn in 1085, he must then have been in his fifty-seventh \nyear, and consequently could be no companion for a boy \n\n\n\n44 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nof nine years of age. However, on ascending the throne, \nKing Henry knighted Robert Fitzhardinge, then Governor \nof Bristol, making him Lord of Berkeley, which name \nand family have descended to the present time. During \nthis reign, Dermot, King of Leinster, in Ireland, with \nonly sixty retainers, fled over to Bristol for succour, sub- \njecting himself and kingdom to the crown of England; \nand some years after, the king granted to this city leave \nto inhabit, possess, and enjoy, the city of Dublin (then \ncalled Devlin) ; and a colony from this place went thither \naccordingly. \n\nKing John, as lord of Bristol, by marrying Isabel, \ndaughter of William Earl of Gloucester, renewed the \nBristol Charters, and pointed out the limits of the city. \n\nThe most unjustifiable act of King John was the im- \nprisonment of his niece, the Princess Eleanor of Brittany, \nwhom he brought from the continent, and immured in \nBristol Castle, in the year 1202; where she was closely \nconfined for the remainder of her life (a period of forty \nyears) ; and guarded by four knights, lest she should have \nan opportunity of engaging in a clandestine marriage, by \nwhich the succession to the crown might afterwards be- \ncome disputable. She was undoubtedly the hereditary \nheiress, but languished in hopeless imprisonment during \nthe reign of K. Henry III. It was thought expedient, \nhowever, that the governor of the castle should annually \nexhibit the royal captive before the people, to prevent any \nsuspicion of further injurious treatment, \xe2\x80\x94 a fact which \nproves that her captivity excited public commiseration. \n\nKing John compelled the Jews to pay great part of his \ncharge into Ireland. (The burgesses of Bristol contributed \n\n\n\nANNALS OF BRISTOL. 45 \n\none thousand marks.) A Jew, named Abraham, resident \nhere, refused to ransom himself. The king ordered that \nhe should every day lose a cheek tooth, till he paid ten \nthousand marks. He lost one per day for seven days, and \nthen, having but one tooth left, paid the money. \n\nPrince Henry, the eldest son of King John, (afterwards \nKing Henry III.) in consequence of the disputes his \nfather had with the barons, came to Bristol for his personal \nsafety; and that he might receive an education suitable to \nhis elevated rank, many noblemen and preceptors accom- \npanied him thither. It was then ordered that Bristol \nshould he governed by a mayor, to be chosen in the same \nmanner as was the practice in London ; with two grave, \nsad, worshipful men, to be called prsepositors or sheriffs, \nand also a coroner : " that successors should inherit the \ngoods of the deceased," and that the inhabitants should be \nas free as those of London. The first mayor chosen in \nconsequence of this charter was Adam le Page. \n\nIt has been said that Prince Edward was a prisoner in \nour castle in 1263. It is certain that in the feuds of the \ntime, Bristol stood out for the barons, and was afterwards \nfined one thousand pounds for the defection, when be- \nsieged and taken by the prince. \n\nKing Edward I., who, during the civil wars, had suffered \nmany injuries from Llewellin, Prince of Wales, now re- \nsolved to prevent him from doing any future mischief. \nWhile he was making preparations to invade Wales, four \nships belonging to the port of Bristol, captured a vessel \nnear the island of Scilly, on board of which was one of \nthe daughters of the Earl of Leicester, who was contracted \nto Llewellin. The prize was particularly acceptable to \n\n\n\n46 CHILCOTT 9 S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nthe king, who thus deprived an enemy of his expected \nbride, and held in captivity the daughter of his formidable \nopponent. The prince demanded his bride, but experi- \nenced the mortification of a stern refusal ; nothing there- \nfore remained but an appeal to the sword. In the course \nof 1277, Edward conquered Wales, and compelled the \nhaughty Llewellin to submit to a treaty, by which he was \nobliged to pay fifty thousand pounds, and hold the Isle of \nAnglesey of the crown of England, under the annual tri- \nbute of one thousand marks. At the conclusion of the \ntreaty, the king restored the lady to whom Llewellin was \ncontracted, and did him the honour to assist at his nuptials. \n\nThe king, in 1284, came from Wales to Bristol about \nthe middle of December, kept his court here, and solem- \nnized the festival of Chrismas {< with much content." At \nthis period, too, it has been confidently asserted, he held a \nparliament ; but this has been denied by others, who state \nthat it was only a council of certain "magnates." In \n1305, the king taxing all the corporate cities and towns, \nBristol paid four hundred pounds. \n\nIn 1312, a violent commotion took place in Bristol; \nduring which, the king having in vain called upon the \ncitizens for their allegiance, and deprived the magistracy \nof their powers, actual and offensive war was waged be- \ntween the castle and the town; the citizens building a \nwall and fort where Dolphin Street now stands (formerly \ncalled Defence Lane). " From this wall, and from several \nother streets of the town, they kept up an irregular warfare \nagainst the castle, sometimes shooting into it square heavy \narrows, called quarels, and other massive weapons, keeping \nit by these means in a sort of siege, and suffering no one \n\n\n\nANNALS OF BRISTOL. 47 \n\nto come out from thence into the town, but by their per- \nmission : they in the castle carrying on similar hostilities*" \nFor two years and more, the town continued in this state \nof rebellion, during which time complaints were continu- \nally sent to the king, both from the town and from the \nconstable of the castle ; meanwhile, the government of the \ntown was carried on as usual by the mayor and bailiffs \nin the king\'s name, but no doubt contrary to his authority. \nThe exact date of the surrender is not known, but it most \nprobably took place in the summer or autumn of 1316. \nThe king immediately took the government of the town \ninto his own hands, and kept it for some months, appoint- \ning Maurice, son of Thomas Lord Berkeley, as custos of \nthe town and castle, and probably keeping a strong garri- \nson there. " The utter oblivion (observes Mr. Seyer, to \nwhom the reader is referred for particulars of this singular \nand well-authenticated relation) into which this important \noccurrence has fallen, is not the least remarkable part of \nit. Beside that our calendars are silent concerning it, \nthere is not the smallest traditional memorial of it remain- \ning in Bristol ; and the discovery of an event so interesting \nas the rebellion of one of the principal cities in the king- \ndom, maintained by force of arms, for three years, which \nhas been overlooked by our historians, and is here brought \nto light by an examination of ancient rolls, may induce a \nreasonable suspicion that other events of equal curiosity \nmight be discovered, by an attentive search into our \nnational records." \n\nIn 1316, the famine was so intolerable, that it is said, \n" the prisoners in Bristol jail did pluck and tear those that \nwere newly brought in, and devoured them half alive." \n\n\n\n48 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nIn 1326, when Queen Isabella invaded England, being \nincapable of raising an army, King Edward II. soon after \nrashly resolved to abandon his country, and seek an asy- \nlum himself in Ireland. With this intention, he left Hugh \nSpencer the elder, Earl of Winchester, to defend the city \nof Bristol ; but the queen\'s army besieged it with such \nvigour, that it held out but three days ; when the earl, \nwho was ninety years of age, was gibbetted in his armour, \nand after hanging two days, his body was cut in pieces \nand given to the dogs ; his head was exposed on a pole, \nand sent to Winchester. The king himself, as is well \nknown, was soon after cruelly put to death in Berkeley \nCastle. \n\nIn 1345 William de Colford, recorder of Bristol, drew \nup in writing many important laws and liberties, for the \nregulation and government of the town, which were after- \nwards confirmed by the charter of Edward III. Among \nthese laws it was ordered that no leprous man stay within \nthe precincts of the town ; nor any common woman re- \nmain within its walls; and if such women were found, that \nthen the doors and windows of the houses in which they \nreside should be unhung, and be kept by the constable \ntill the women be removed. \n\nKing Edward III. on the 8th of August, 1373, rewarded \nthe loyalty of the inhabitants of Bristol by granting them \na charter, which conferred peculiar immunities : " for a \nfine of six hundred marks, his majesty granted the town \nto be separated from Gloucestershire and Somersetshire, \nand to be henceforth a county of itself," &c. &c. Thirty- \nsix deputies, selected from Bristol, Somersetshire, and \nGloucestershire, in equal proportions, were appointed to \n\n\n\nANNALS OF BRISTOL. 49 \n\ndetermine the boundaries. Their proceedings were after- \nwards confirmed by authority of parliament. \n\nIn the summer of 1399, King Richard II. arrived in \nBristol, on his way to Ireland. It is also recorded, that \nthe king caused a theatre to be built at Bristow, for a \ncombat to be fought between two Scots, the one an \nesquire, appellant, the other a knight, defendant. The \nappellant was overcome and hanged. \n\nIt appears that King Henry IV. issued writs for a \nparliament to be holden at Bristol, but no mention rs \nmade of the actual sitting. He also granted a charter, \nexempting Bristol from the jurisdiction of the court of \nadmiralty. \n\nKing Henry VI. coming to Bristol in 1446, took up \nhis residence near RedclifT Church, and during his stay \ngranted some privileges to the mayor and commonalty. \nIn 1456, Queen Margaret came here, "with a great \ntraine of the nobility, and was honourably received and \nentertained." \n\nKing Edward IV. came to Bristol, September, 1461 ; \nwhere, by his order, Sir Baldwyn Fulford, knight, and \ntwo esquires, were beheaded. This circumstance has been \nimmortalized by the well-known poem ofChatterton, "The \nBristow Tragedie." King Edward stood at the east window \nof St. E wen\'s Church, to see Sir Baldwyn pass by to \nexecution. \n\nIn 1486, King Henry VII. came to Bristol. He was \nreceived with great demonstrations of joy ; and a pageant \nwas performed on the occasion. In 1490,he paid another \nvisit, and while here exacted what is curiously called " a \nbenevolence ;" making every citizen who was worth twenty \n\n\n\n50 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\npounds pay twenty shillings, because their wives went so \nsumptuously appareled ! Thus he obtained five hundred \npounds. In 1497, the king and queen visited Bristol, and \nheld their court at the great house on St. Augustine\'s \nBack, now Colston\'s School. In 1499, the king granted \na new charter to the corporation, and also presented his \nown sword, to be borne before the mayor, which is still in \nthe possession of the corporation. \n\nAn old MS. says that King Henry VIII. went to \nThornbury in his progress, and thence came disguised to \nBristol, with certain gentlemen, to Mr. Thorn\'s house, \nfrom whence viewing the city, he said to Mr. Thorn, \n" This is now but the town of Bristol, but I will make it \nthe city of Bristol :" which he afterwards did, by erecting \nit into a bishop\'s see. \n\nIn Queen Mary\'s reign, Richard Sharp, a weaver; \nThomas Hales, a shoemaker; Thomas Benion, a shear- \nman ; a young man, a carpenter ; and Edward Sharp, a \nWiltshire man, aged three-score years; were burnt on \nSt. Michael\'s Hill, as heretics. \n\nOn the 14th of August, 1574, Queen Elizabeth came, \nin her progress through the kingdom, to Bristol. She \nwas received at Lawford\'s Gate with great pomp and so- \nlemnity by the mayor, aldermen, and incorporated com- \npanies, formed under their proper ensigns. The mayor \ncarried the sword of state before her Majesty, bareheaded, \nto the High Cross, where her Majesty was first addressed \nby Faem, in twenty-four of Mr. Churchyard\'s choicest \nverses. 22 The procession then passed through St. John\'s \n\n22 Church yarde\'s Chippes, reprinted by JohnNicols, F.S.A., \nin "The Progresses and Public Processions of Queen Elizabeth." \n\n\n\nANNALS OF BRISTOL. 51 \n\nGate, at the bottom of Broad Street, through Christmas \nand Host Streets, to her Highness\'s lodgings at Sir John \nYoung\'s house (now Colston\'s School) on St. Augustine\'s \nBack, where a boy representing Salutacion, spouted \neighteen, and another called Gratulacion, twenty verses ; \nObedient Good-will, a third boy, was ready with \neight more, but could not speak them, " time was so far \nspent." Then three hundred soldiers, who were in the \nprocession guarding her Majesty, "shot of thear peeces \nin passyinggood order; at which warnyng, the great artil- \nlery vyent of, a hundred and xxx cast peecis : and so the \nwatche charged, and a hundredth shot apoynted for her \ngard." During the procession, all ranks of people testified \ntheir joy at the condescension of the royal visiter, by \nacclamations and other demonstrations of loyalty and \nattachment. \n\nOn the Sunday the Queen went to the college, " to \nhear a sarmond, whear thear was a speetch to be sayd and \nan imme to be songe. The speech was left out by an \noccasion unlooked for ; but the imme was songe by a very \nfien boye." \n\nHer Highness was entertained with diverse pageants, \nand feats of war by land and water, which much delighted \nher Majesty. iC The Queen was present during three days, \nfor whose standing there was built a large scaffold of tim- \nber, in the Marsh, where she had the full sight of every \naction that was performed, by the best experienced men \nin martial practice about this city, with very great charges, \nespecially of gunpowder, whereof no spare was made to \ngive content." \n\n" At her Highnes departuer, a gentleman in the confiens \n\n\n\n52 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nof the towns liberties spack a \' Dolfull a Due\' of twenty \nverses, in which the citizens are made to say : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nOur joy is joynd with grevous groens, our triumphe tornd to tears; \n\nThe brantch whose blosoms gladnes broght a bitter berry bears* \n\nla house and street whear mirth is hard is moen and moorning noies, \n\nThe sommer day is dimd with clowds, eclypsed are our joyes. \n\nThe loedstar leavs our wished cowrs, and dims the heavens hie ; \n\nOur sofrant will no longer lord in walls of Bristow lye. \n\nNo marvell sins our barrain soyl, and ground of groes devyce. \n\nHaeth yelded nothing that might pleas a prince of so great price. \n\nOur deuties are not half discharged, no thoghe we kist the ground, \n\nAnd prostraet fall full flat on face whear her footsteps are found. \n\nThe Persian daer not cast up eies, nor look upon thear king; \n\nShall Christians then presuem to preace on such a sacred thyng. \n\nAnd sho no part of duties bownds, O God forbid I say ; \n\nBut that the Lord\'s anointed should be honor\'d evry way. \n\nLong loekt this citie for a prince, long sens and many a year, \n\nA king or queen beheld this town, short tyme she taryes heer. \n\nGood fortuen follow thee, O queen, and gied thy doings all, \n\nA world of threfold blessed happ upon thy kingdom fall. \n\nAs loeth to taek our heavy leave, as leave our lives indeed ; \n\nA due, deer lady of this land ; the living Lord thee speed ! \n\n1607. \xe2\x80\x94 This year was a view taken in this city, to know \nhow many people were in it, and there were found of all \nsorts 10549 in the whole. It was done because they \nwould know how much corn would serve the whole by \nthe week. \n\nOn Friday, June 4, 1613, Anne of Denmark (wife of \nJames I.) came to Bristol, accompanied by the Earl of \nWorcester, in her own coach. She was received at Law- \nford\'s Gate, at the top of Old Market Street, with all the \nceremonies and respect which at that day were considered \ndue to royalty. \n\nThe graue and ancient councell first in gownes of scarlet dye, \nAttended one each by a page, did ride triumphantlie. \nWith footclothes were theire horses deckt, no cost they thought fo niucb, \nFor to expres theire willing harts, their loue to her was such. \n\n\n\nANNALS OF BRISTOL. 53 \n\nTo Bristolls antient utmost bounds marcht on this gallant traine, \nTo meet her Grace, for whose aproach with ioy they did remaine. \nNext in theire hoods the companies, each after theire degree \nWith ioyfnl harts marcht on to meet her gratious maiestie. \n\xe2\x80\xa2 \xe2\x80\xa2\xe2\x80\xa2\xe2\x80\xa2\xe2\x80\xa2* \n\nAnd last of all, tho* last not least, chiefe subiect of my verse \n3 bands there were whose worthy praise my muse cannot rehearse. \nThe first in white & violet clad, the second blacke & white, \nThe third with white & scarlot was in martial order dight. \n\nNo sooner did her Graces traine aproch our Citties bownd, \nand that her herald gan draw neare, with blast of trumpet sound \nsubmissiae, prostrate on his knees the maior then fell downe, \nand the Recorder by his side, a man of great renowne ; \nwith grave aspect and perfect voice his silence then he brake. \n\nThe recorder\'s address occupies fifty-two lines. After \nthe delivery of which we are told, \n\nThe maior he his present gaue, & did her grace beseech \nfor to accept * * * * \n\nA ritch embroidered purse it was, most sumptuous to behold \nin owtward shew, the inside was cramd full of massy gold. \n\nThis ceremony being ended, the mayor with all the \nmagistrates took horse again, the last of the common \ncouncil riding foremost ; the mayor, bareheaded, with a \nchain of gold about his neck, riding next the royal coach. \nAnd when the procession came through Wine Street, all \nthe trained bands of the city were arrayed on each side, \nto receive her Majesty. On her arrival at her lodgings at \nSir John Young\'s house, the soldiers drew towards the \nQuay, and every one having loaded his musquet, the \ncommand to fire was given by the Earl of Gloucester; \nthis was immediately followed by the discharge of forty- \ntwo pieces of ordnance from the Great Tower on the \nQuay. \n\nOn Sunday the mayor with the council, in their scarlet \nrobes, but without the sword, came on foot to bring her \n\n\n\n54 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nMajesty to College to hear a sermon. The trained soldiers \nformed a line of passage into the cathedral. The Queen\'s \ncoach was \n\nDrawn by 4 milk white coursers braue ; and next her did aproach \n\nthe Ladies on their trampling steeds, like faire Dianas traine \n\nhunting in the Arcadian woods, (as doo the poets faine). \n\nThe reuerend senats two and two all marching on a row, \n\nforemost of all in theire degrees unto the church did goe. \n\nLastly on foot before her grace with all her noble traine \n\nof lords and knights into the church the worthy maior came. \n\nThe queene then set in chaire of state with all the residue,! \n\nin their degrees, the maior and sherifes and nobillity. \n\nWhere learned doctor Robson did a godly sermon frame, \n\nin setting forth Gods mighty works and lauding of his name. \n\nOn the Monday there was a sham sea fight got up, be- \ntween an English and a Turkish vessel, which took place \nat the Gibb (now Prince\'s Street), for the purpose of \n" shewing her grace some recreation that might delight \nher!" for which purpose a building was erected, finely \ndecked with ivy leaves and flowers, for her grace to sit and \nsee the fight. We are told that the sanguinary feature of \nthe fray was produced by " six bladders of blood poured \nout of the scubber holes ! ! !" \n\nThe next day (Tuesday) the Queen, on leaving the city, \nwas conducted through the streets to the boundary at \nLawford\'s Gate, with much the same ceremonies as she \nentered it. She \n\n* \xe2\x80\xa2 * most gratiously vouchsafed to thank y m all \nboth maior sherifes and aldermen, who on their knees did fall, \nand humbly kist her royall hand, such favor did she shew, \nand loue for loue, which to her grace in dutie they did ow, \nand furthermore for to expresse her loue to loyall harts, \nand bountie by rewarding all according to deserts* \n\n\n\nANNALS OF BRISTOL. 55 \n\na ring with diamonds beset most gratiously shee sent, \n\nunto the maior as a pledge of her most kinde intent. \n\nIn ought shee could for Bristolls good in rightful cause obtaine, \n\nby suit preferd unto king James our gratious soveraigne. 23 \n\nHer Majesty, on leaving Bristol, went to Syston House, \nGloucestershire, then the residence of Sir H. Billingsley. \nIn the unfortunate reign of Charles I. Bristol experi- \nenced many vicissitudes and troubles. On the breaking \nout of the unhappy civil war, it was garrisoned by the \nparliament\'s army, and Col. Nathaniel Fiennes was made \ngovernor. This city was a place of great importance, as \nit awed all the western counties, and had accommodations \nfor a large army. The king, sensible of the advantages \nattending so eligible a post, was desirous of obtaining \npossession of it. There were many royalists in the city, \nwho engaged to take it by stratagem ; but their scheme \nbeing discovered, Alderman Yeamans, of Wine Street, \nand Mr. Boucher, a wealthy merchant of Christmas Street, \nbeing the principal encouragers of the intended revolt, \nwere imprisoned in a dungeon of the castle for twelve \nweeks, chained neck and heels, before they were tried by \nmartial law at the house of Mr. Robert Rogers, soap \nmaker, (mayor in 1621,) Bridge Parade. They were \ncondemned, and executed in front of No. 4, Wine Street; \nthe rest of the conspirators escaped. The king, finding \nthat his friends had miscarried in their attempts, resolved \nto lay siege to it with a large army; accordingly Prince \nMaurice and the Marquis of Hertford having taken the \ncity of Bath, Prince Rupert was ordered from Oxford with \na reinforcement to join them, and march immediately for \n\n23 See the Bristol Memorialist, p. 229, &c. \n\n\n\n56 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nBristol, where they arrived on the 24th of July, 1643, \nThe garrison was well provided with men, ammunition, \nand every thing necessary to make a vigorous defence. \nThe besiegers, seeing the improbability of taking the city \nby blockade, resolved to storm it, which they did in six \ndifferent places, so effectually, that the besieged were un- \nable longer to resist, and therefore capitulated. This event \nwas highly favourable to the royal cause, though it was \ndearly purchased, the king having lost many of his most \nvaluable officers, and five hundred of his best troops, in \nreducing it. However, he was so well satisfied, that he \nordered a public thanksgiving on the occasion ; and on the \n3rd of August following, the king himself came to Bristol,, \nwith Prince Charles, the Duke of York, and several of the \nnobility. The king lodged at the house of Alderman \nCreswick, in Small Street, and the prince and duke at \nAlderman Holworthy\'s, which was in the same street, \ndirectly opposite. Bristol remained in the king\'s hands \nall the next year ; but Sir William Waller being sent by \nthe parliament with a large army into the west, the king \nbegan to be apprehensive for its fate : especially as he was \nnot ignorant that many of the inhabitants were disaffected \nto his cause. He therefore dispatched an order to Lord \nHopton, to use his utmost exertions in providing for its \nsecurity ; he also sent Prince Charles to inspect the forti- \nfications, who arrived just in time to prevent a design \nwhich the inhabitants had formed of delivering up the city \nto the parliament\'s forces. The prince, with the assistance \nof Lord Hopton, having put the city into such a state as \nto fear little from its enemies without, retired to Barnstaple, \nto avoid the pestilence which began to rage in Bristol. \n\n\n\nANNALS OF BRISTOL. 57 \n\nAfter the king\'s defeat, at the unfortunate battle of \nNaseby, Prince Rupert repaired to Bristol, which place \nhe found so well supplied with men, provisions, and am- \nmunition, that he wrote to his Majesty, assuring him that \nhe could sustain a four-month\'s siege. From the known \nvalour of the prince, great expectations were formed, and \nevery one concluded that a vigorous defence would be \nmade; but to the astonishment of the whole kingdom, \nwhen Sir Thomas Fairfax undertook the siege, on the \n21st of August, the prince capitulated, and gave up the \nplace on the 11th of September following. The unhappy \nKing was so chagrined at this loss, and at the trifling re- \nsistance made by the prince to preserve the city, that, in \nthe first transports of his anger, he revoked all his com- \nmissions, and ordered him to quit the kingdom imme- \ndiately. \n\n1648. \xe2\x80\x94 King Charles having been tried and condemned \nat Westminster was executed there; and the mayor of \nBristol proclaimed that there was no king in England, \nand that the successors to Charles I. were traitors to the \nstate. \n\n1657. \xe2\x80\x94 The corporation received a letter from the Lord \nProtector Cromwell, which is so characteristic of the man \nthat we insert it here. \n\nOLIVER P. \n\nTrustie and well beloved, we greete you well : remembering \nwell the late expressions of love that I have had from you, I \ncannot omit any opportunitie to expresse my care of you. I do \nhear on all hands, that the Cavalier party are designing to put \nus into blood. We are, I hope, taking the best care we can, by \nthe blessing of God, to obviate this danger. But our intelli- \ngence on all hands being, that they have a design upon your \n\n\n\n58 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\ncittie, we could not but warne you thereof, and give you au- \nthorise, as we doe hereby, to put yourselves into the best pos- \nture you can for your own defence, by raising your militia, by \nvirtue of the commission formerly sent you, and putting them \nin readinesse for the purpose aforesaide ; letting you also knowe \nthat for your better encouragement herein, you shall have a \ntroop of horse sent you, to quarter in or neare your towne. We \ndesire you to let us heare from time to time what occurs touch- \ning the malignant partie, and so we bid you farewell. Given \nat "Whitehall, the 2nd of December, 1657. \n\nTo our trustie and well beloved, the Mayor, Aldermen, and \nCommon Council of the Cittie of Bristoal. \n\nIn pursuance of the above command, the militia was \nraised, and the city was put into a posture of defence. \n\nJames Nailor 24 came to Bristol, in the year 1 656, and \nhis followers called him, " the everlasting Sun of righte- \nousness and Prince of peace : the Prophet of the most high \nGod ; nay, the only-begotten Son of God, out of Zion, \nwhose mother is a virgin, and whose birth is immortal." \nHe made his public entry here in imitation of Christ \nriding into Jerusalem ; the people singing Hosannah ! \nand spreading their garments for the animal which bore \nhim to trample on ; the man, no doubt, was insane, but \nwhat can we think of his numerous followers and prose- \nlytes ? The parliament, however, interfering, he was \nseverely punished, conformably to the spirit of the age, \nand imprisoned till the death of Cromwell. He afterwards \nrenounced his errors. \n\nIn the beginning of the year 1660, when the nation \n\n24 In Mr. Sever\' s Memoirs of Bristol, much singular and minute \ninformation is given respecting Nailor, and other enthusiasts of \nthat period. \n\n\n\nANNALS OF BRISTOL. 59 \n\nwas thoroughly sick of political experiments and the rump \nparliament, " the apprentices of the city of Bristol did rise, \nand cryed up for \' a free parliament ;\' and they kept the \ncity a whole week, and then went into the Marsh and laid \ndown their arms, by reason that a troop of horse came to \nthe city to suppress them." \n\nIn 1660, King Charles II. was restored, and on Satur- \nday, September 5, 1663, with his Queen Catharine, visited \nBristol ; and with them came James Duke of York and \nhis duchess, the Duke of Monmouth, Prince Rupert, and \na great train of nobility. Queen Catharine also visited \nBristol in 1674 and in 1677. \n\nMonmouth\'s rebellion in 1685 is said to have failed in \nits object, only by the duke\'s refraining to invest Bristol ; \nwhen pressed to do so, the duke\'s compassionate answer, \n" God forbid that I should bring the calamities of fire and \nsword together on so noble a city," (the Duke of Beaufort \nhaving declared that he would set the town on fire in that \nevent,) naturally raised a sympathy for his cause ; we find \naccordingly that Bristol was not forgotten in Judge Jef- \nferys\' " Progress." \n\nIn January, 1687, there came a letter and an order \nof King James, for displacing the corporation of this \ncity, and for putting others in their stead, which was \naccordingly done. And in April a declaration was made \nfor the indulgence of all persons in the free and public \nexercise of their religion, and in erecting meeting houses ; \nfor which some dissenters presented addresses of thanks : \nall availed themselves of the liberty to which they had a \nright, but the king was suspected by most parties of in- \ntending to introduce popery. Nor did this appearance of \n\n\n\n60 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nmoderation, nor his proclamation for restoring the displaced \ncorporations in the following year avail; for many of the \nbishops, officers of rank in the army, and considerable \nmen, adhered to the Prince of Orange, who on the 5th of \nNovember landed at Torbay, and on February 15th he \nwith his princess, were proclaimed king and queen in \nBristol. \n\n1690. \xe2\x80\x94 King William landed from Ireland, opposite \nPill, near Shirehampton, (now Lamplighters\' Hall,) and \nwent to Sir Robert Southwell\'s, at Kingsweston, the resi- \ndence of the late Lord de Clifford, but now of Wm. Miles, \nEsq., M. P. for East Somerset. \n\nSeptember 1, 1702, Queen Anne and Prince George, \nher husband, were received at Lawford\'s Gate, by the \nmayor (John Hawkins, brewer) 25 and corporation, and \nconducted from Temple Street, through the Long Row, \nto Sir Thomas Day\'s house at the Bridge-end, in the fol- \nlowing order : a great number of horsemen, including \nsixty captains of ships \xe2\x80\x94 twelve of the Queen\'s coaches, \ncontaining her suit \xe2\x80\x94 eighteen of the clergy, bare headed \n\xe2\x80\x94 the common council \xe2\x80\x94 the aldermen \xe2\x80\x94 the mayor, car- \nrying the pearl sword \xe2\x80\x94 part of the Queen\'s guards, before \nand behind her coach \xe2\x80\x94 coaches of the nobility and gentry. \nHer Majesty was dressed in purple, mourning for the late \nKing. The royal coach and trappings of the horses were \nblack, as were those of the nobility. With the Queen \n\n25 Sir John Hawkins\'s mansion and brewery were the pre- \nmises on the east side of Temple Street, the original front of \nwhich remains, now divided between the Colston\'s Arms public \nhouse and another tenement, with the waggon warehouse and \nstables, extending in depth to Temple Back. \n\n\n\nANNALS OF BRISTOL. 61 \n\nrode the prince, and two ladies of honour. The dinner \nwas at the expense of the city ; and between four and five \no\'clock, after knighting Mr. Mayor, the royal and noble \nvisitants returned to Bath. \n\nJuly 24, 1710, at Westminster, the Queen, upon the \npetition of the mayor, burgesses, and commonalty, granted \nwhat is called the great charter of Bristol. \xe2\x80\x94 See Mr. Seyers \nCollection. \n\n1718. \xe2\x80\x94 The first insurance office in Bristol against fire, \nthe Crown, was established ; capital \xc2\xa340,000. \n\nDavid Hume, in his Memoirs, says: "In 1734, I went \nto Bristol, with some recommendations to eminent mer- \nchants ; but in a few months found the scene totally un- \nsuitable to me." He was clerk to a Mr. Millar (a partner \nin the first banking-house established here); his taste in \nEnglish composition being offended by the merchant\'s \nletter book, and venturing to reform it, " I\'ll tell you what, \nMr. Hume," exclaimed his employer, " I have made \n\xc2\xa320,000 by my English, and I won\'t have it mended." \n\nIn 1749, much rioting in Bristol, in consequence of the \nerection of turnpike gates. \n\nThe workmen employed in the extensive collieries in \nthis neighbourhood, in May, 1753, were very tumultuous \non account of the high price of bread: it was not until \nseveral lives were lost that their proceedings could be \nsuppressed. \n\nOn Thursday, September 19, 1792, a mob collected at \nBristol Bridge, disputing the further right of demanding \ntolls for passing over; \xe2\x80\x94 the result was, the burning cf the \ngates and the board which announced the rates; new gates \nwere erected, which were the next day also destroyed ; \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n\n62 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nthe place continuing a scene of great tumult till the Mon- \nday following, when the Hereford militia were called out, \nand the riot act read : the mob refusing to disperse, the \nsoldiers, after repeated insults, were commanded to fire, \nwhich they did with fatal effect, many persons being \nkilled, and others wounded. \n\nJuly 27, 1817.\xe2\x80\x94 His Grace the Duke of Wellington \nmade his public entry into the city, through Park Street, \nunder triumphal arches erected for the occasion, amidst \nthe cheers of the accumulated thousands assembled to \ngreet him on his way to the Mansion House, in Queen \nSquare, where he dined with the corporation, &c. &c. \n\nIn December of the same year, her Majesty Queen \nCharlotte, the Princess Elizabeth, and the Duke of \nClarence, being on a visit to Bath, were invited by the \nbody corporate to visit Bristol. They were received at \nthe Mansion House, took a view of Clifton, visited Col. \nHugh Baillie and his lady, at their house in Park Row, \nand returned to Bath the same evening. \n\n\n\nTHE BRISTOL KIOTS, IN 1831. \n\nFew events will prove so memorable, in the annals of \nits history, as the riots, which reduced our city to a partial \nruin, and which were attended with so much loss, disaster, \nand disgrace, to many of its inhabitants. \n\nThese occurrences, viewed in their causes and conse- \nquences, will also fill an important place in the history of \nthe eventful times in which they occurred, and hence a \nsketch of the tragical transactions is inserted here. Never \ndid any event of the kind call forth a greater torrent of \n\n\n\nTHE BRISTOL RIOTS. 63 \n\nwild and ignorant misrepresentation, and malevolent abuse, \nthan the Bristol riots. Justice, generosity, charity, and \ncommon courtesy, were lost, amid the angry declamation \nand strife of party writers. Time, and the numerous trials \nthat arose out of these calamitous transactions, have, in a \ngreat measure, dispelled the cloud of prejudice which \nparty violence had raised. The incontrovertible evidence \nof courts of justice has clearly proved who were guilty and \nwho were innocent ; has refuted much misrepresentation ; \nand exposed the arrogant pretensions of ill-informed, \nmeddling, and officious zeal. Truth requires, therefore, \nthat a brief statement of authenticated facts should be com- \npiled for the information of posterity. \n\nThe excitement which was created in the public mind \nthroughout the country by the constant agitation of the \nreform bill, broke out in this city into acts of open violence, \non the arrival of Sir Charles Wetherell as its recorder, to \ndeliver the gaol, October 31, 1831. Sir Charles having \nrendered himself obnoxious to the promoters of the bill, \nby his strenuous opposition to it in the House of Com- \nmons, some apprehension was entertained by the public \nauthorities, that insults might be offered him on his en- \ntering the city, and therefore he was met at the outskirts \nof it by an escort, consisting of the sheriffs and city officers, \nby some gentlemen on horseback, and about three hundred \nconstables. As he entered the town, he was followed by \na considerable crowd, hissing, hooting, and occasionally \nthrowing stones at his carriage, till the procession reached \nthe guildhall. The commission was there opened in the \nusual form, amid great noise and confusion. On leaving \nthe guildhall, the crowd, in greater numbers than before, \n\n\n\n64 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nfollowed him, repeating their insults, till the recorder \nentered the mansion house in safety, ahout noon. \n\nSoon after the arrival of Sir Charles at the mansion \nhouse, some thousands of the labouring classes assembled \nin Queen Square. The rioters, arming themselves with \nsticks, from a pile of fagots on the Back, had several \nskirmishes with the constables, but were quickly put to \nflight. \n\nAbout three o\'clock part of the constables were allowed \nto return home. Towards evening the crowd increased ; \nand under cloud of night the rioters grew bolder and more \nviolent. The mayor, attended by some of the magistrates, \nappeared in front of the mansion house, and endeavoured, \nby expostulation and entreaty, to prevail on them to dis- \nperse ; but in return they were assaulted with showers of \nstones. The riot act was therefore read, and the military \nsent for. In the mean time, the mayor and those who \nwere with him in the mansion house, were in the greatest \npersonal danger. The mob on the outside had driven in \nthe constables, torn up the iron railings in front of the \nhouse, and with stones and large pieces of timber battered \nin the windows and window frames, and the panels of the \ndoors; and were, with the greatest difficulty, prevented \nfrom forcing a complete entrance by barricading the win- \ndows and doors with beds and furniture. On the arrival \nof the soldiers, the people withdrew from the attack, but \nthey showed no signs of alarm, and received the soldiers \nwith loud cheers. \n\nThe whole of Queen Square was now in darkness, the \nrioters having put out the lamps. In the large hall of the \nmansion house the lamps were still burning, and through \n\n\n\nTHE BRISTOL RIOTS. 65 \n\nthe shattered doors and window frames showed distinctly \nthe interior of the lower apartments, now filled with con- \nstables who had defended the stair-case from the rush of \nthe rioters. In the course of the evening Sir Charles \nescaped by the roof, and soon afterwards left Bristol, as \nwas publicly intimated next day at noon. \n\nDuring the remainder of Saturday night, the mob con- \ntinued in front of the mansion-house, but except occasion- \nally molesting the soldiers, they were not guilty of any \nfurther outrage there. The dragoons were ordered to \ndraw their swords, with the sides and backs of which they \ndealt them some heavy blows. About midnight the rioters \nwent in a body to the council-house, and smashed the \nwindows. The cavalry pursued them, and they returned \nthe charge with showers of stones from the corners of the \nstreets and lanes. At the top of the Pithay, (a steep \nnarrow lane, leading out of Wine Street,) a stone having \nstruck one of the 14th Dragoons, the soldier turned, and \nshot a man, who some say was unconcerned in the riots : \nno other lives were then lost. \n\nAmidst such scenes of tumult was the morning of the \nLord\'s day ushered in. These wicked disturbers of its \npeace were however driven from the street ; but they only \nretired to plot further mischief. \n\nLong before the different places of worship were opened, \nthe piquet of dragoons was withdrawn to take refreshment, \nwhen the mob immediately renewed their attack on the \nmansion-house. The mayor, several gentlemen, and some \nconstables, who were within, in all eight or ten persons, \nhad just time to escape over the roofs of the adjoining \nhouses, before the rioters rushed into all the rooms, threw \n\n\n\n66 CHILCOTT 5 S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nout the furniture into the street, and destroyed or carried \naway every article of value. The cellars were forced open, \ncasks of wine were staved, and bottles broken and emptied \nof their contents. The ^flooring and area flowed with \nintoxicating liquors. An abandoned crew of men and \nwomen were seen, some carrying off stolen property, others \nstruggling greedily for wine and spirits. The drunkards \nstaggered and reeled about the pavement, or lay along in \nsenseless stupefaction, from which many never awoke \nagain to the light of life. \n\nThe piquet of the 14th Dragoons quickly returned. \nThe mob, inflamed with liquor, and seeking to revenge \nthe death of the man who had been killed the preceding \nnight, attacked them with stones. As the soldiers had no \norders to fire, or to use their sabres, the officer again with- \ndrew them to their quarters; to which while they were \nslowly retiring along the Quay and over the drawbridge, \na prayerless multitude, unwashed, and clad in the dirty \ngarments of yesterday, followed and pelted them with \nbrickbats. Hurt and provoked beyond endurance, the \nsoldiers fired in self-defence ; a man was killed, and seven \nor eight wounded. To appease the people, the 14th \nDragoons were ordered to Keynsham, leaving only thirty- \nthree soldiers of the 3rd Dragoons to protect the city. \nHaving got rid of the troops, the rioters grew bolder, and \nplanned an attack on the gaols. Bridewell prison was the \nfirst : on their way thither, the mob were made to halt, \nand break open an anchorsmith and ironmonger\'s shop ; \nsledge-hammers, crow-bars, and other instruments, were \nhanded out, and distributed in an orderly and systematic \nmanner. With these formidable weapons, the unresisted \n\n\n\nTHE BRISTOL RIOTS. 67 \n\nmob quickly took the strong heavy prison gates off their \nhinges, and threw them into the iloat; they then battered \noff the locks and bars, let loose the prisoners, and set \nBridewell on fire. \n\nAbout the same time (near two o\'clock, p. m.), a large \nparty of rioters attacked the new gaol, a strong building, \nalmost entirely built of massive stone and iron, which cost \nnearly one hundred thousand pounds. A very numerous \nand formidable mob ranged themselves in front of the \ngaol, while all around, and on the opposite bank of the \nriver, a multitude, computed at fifteen thousand persons, \nwere gathered together \xe2\x80\x94 many, no doubt, from curiosity; \nbut the loud shouts of approbation from the crowd, which \nrent the air from time to time, as the rioters were forcing \ntheir way into the prison, made it but too evident that a \nvery large number came to encourage by their presence, \nand to assist, if necessary. No due preparation had been \nmade for the defence of this strong building ; and to the \nsuddenness and boldness of the attack, its success may, in \na great measure, be ascribed. \n\nTwo magistrates, and about thirty citizens and consta- \nbles, attempted to enter the prison, but were attacked with \nstones, and driven back. The rioters then forced their \nway into the governor\'s house, earned off the furniture, \nthe prison books, the caravan, and the gallows, and threw \nthem into the river. About this time the hopes of the \nwell-disposed spectators were raised, by the appearance of \npart of the 3rd Dragoon Guards, the only remaining de- \nfenders of the city ; but they had no orders to attack the \nmob, and they soon retired to their former station. \n\nWith the help of the prison keys, found in the governor\'s \n\n\n\n68 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nhouse, and with their ponderous sledge-hammers, the \nrioters quickly released the prisoners, about one hundred \nand seventy in number. These sallied forth, as they \nmade their escape one after another, mingling their yells \nand frantic gestures with the shout of the multitude. \nMany of them stripped off their prison clothes as they \nwent, and were met by their friends and associates. One \nof the ringleaders then took down the flag from the flag- \npost, over the entrance to the prison. At this signal, the \nincendiaries began their work. \xe2\x80\x94 Thick black clouds of \nsmoke arose from the vast pile of building; the treadmill, \nthe governor\'s house, and the chapel, were quickly on fire ; \nand the strong fire-proof walls of the gaol, constructed of \nstone and iron, were blackened by the flames, which strove \nto spread themselves, but were checked on either side by \nthese impenetrable barriers. The mob burnt the chairs, \nbenches, tables, and every thing destructible within the \nprison. \n\nFrom the prison the mob sallied forth in several parties, \nand burnt the toll-houses ; the gate-keepers, however, were \nallowed to remove their property. A ringleader directed \nthe operations with impudent coolness. \n\nThe Gloucester County Prison near to Bristol, shared \nthe same fate ; and a party was despatched to complete \nthe destruction of Bridewell, which had been only partially \nconsumed. The three prisons, blazing in different quarters \nof the city at the same moment, served as terrible beacons \nto warn the inhabitants of their danger. 26 From street to \n\n26 The rioters boasted " Sir C. Wetherell has come to try \nthe prisoners : \xe2\x80\x94 well, we shall save him the trouble, and make \nthe gaol delivery ourselves.\' \' \n\n\n\nTHE BRISTOL RIOTS. 69 \n\nstreet, and house to house, rumour spread and fearful con- \nsternation. The magistrates had been at the council -house, \nand a party of citizens had assembled at the guildhall, but \nno adequate civil force was organized. The town was now \nat the mercy of a lawless rabble, increased by the bands \nof thieves and robbers, who had just issued from their \ncells, in all the insolence of successful villany. \n\nFrom the Gloucester County Prison, at Lawford\'s Gate, \nthe mob proceeded to the Bishop\'s Palace ; and the mayor, \nwith several persons who had been with him during the \nday, followed by as many citizens as could be collected, \nwent down to the scene of action, having given orders for \nall the troops and special constables, which could be \nbrought out, to be there. The constables, who had at- \ntempted to secure some of the mob, finding themselves \ndeserted by the soldiers, who had proceeded to the k man- \nsion-house, in consequence of its being on fire, got away \nas well as they could, declaring that they would not again \nventure their lives. The Bishop\'s Palace, thus unprotected, \nwas burnt to the ground. \n\nSix fires were now raging in different quarters of the \ncity ; and night had closed in. " What are we to expect \nfrom these outlaws ? \xe2\x80\x94 what will they burn next ? " were \nquestions anxiously put, by persons who were carrying \nthrough the streets their money, deeds, account books, \nand other valuables, with suspicious looks and anxious \nsteps. \n\nAfter the mansion-house had been destroyed, the rioters \nbegan their attack upon the next house, forcing open the \ndoors, and throwing out the furniture or valuables into \nthe street; and thus continued sacking and burning the \n\n\n\n70 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nhouses, one after another, until the north and west sides \nof the Square were entirely consumed, except two houses \nin the middle of the western side, which were bravely de- \nfended by the inhabitants. \n\nThe walls, roofs, and rafters, were falling in with a \nmomentary crash, followed by clouds of dust and smoke, \nand bursts of flame, and frantic yells from the dissolute \ncrew, some of whom were occasionally disturbed in their \nrevelries, by the flames they had kindled. Meanwhile \nthe centre of the Square presented a spectacle not easily \nto be pourtrayed. Here were profligates of both sexes, \ncollected from the lowest haunts of infamy ; the bully, the \nfurious and besotted drunkard, and the swearer. Some \nwere tossing firebrands into the houses, stealing wine and \nprovisions, plate and furniture, and wantonly destroying \nfar more. Others were fearlessly and openly insulting \nand robbing the persons whom they had burned out of \ntheir houses. Some were offering to sell stolen goods to \nthe by-standers, or holding mock auctions. Port, claret, \nand champagne, were held up for sale at a penny or two- \npence per bottle. A piano-forte, worth forty or fifty \npounds, was bought from the thieves for a few shillings. \nCarts and cars, filled with beds, tables, chairs, plate, and \nstolen goods of every description, were rattling along the \npavement, to receiving houses in the city and neighbour- \nhood. Others, with characteristic indifference to the \nfuture, were taking their miserable enjoyment of the pre- \nsent hour. Seated in companies on the grass, they \ngreedily devoured the provisions they had stolen, and \nquaffed the wines, which were handed about in great pro- \nfusion. Men, women, and boys, were seen knocking off \n\n\n\nTHE BRISTOL RIOTS. 71 \n\nthe necks of the bottles, and swallowing the liquor, till \nthey fell senseless. To many it was their last horrid \nmeal. Death was in the cup of drunkenness; the swift \nsword of the avenger was soon to pierce them through ; \nand the fires which lighted up their feast, were to be their \nfuneral pile. \n\nThe view of the fires from Clifton, Bedminster, and \nseveral miles around, was awfully grand. The night was \ndark and cloudy, and rainy betimes. Very mercifully the \nwind was low, and the flames were not furiously borne \nalong ; but they rose high, in spiral wavy columns, and \noften threw around a shower of brilliant sparks. The \nthick smoke hung over the city, like a broad curtain, in \nmassy folds, which glared with a peculiar tinge of dark \nred, passing into clouds of dun, and brown, and black, \nthe canopy of a great conflagration. The glare from the \nburning buildings was, at times, so strongly reflected from \nsome of the neighbouring streets, that the spectator was \ndeceived into the belief that they also were on fire. \nWhen the fires were at their height, it was as light as \nday, for a range of several miles ; and this beacon of sedi- \ntion conveyed its baleful message as far as to the Welsh \nmountains. The varied outline of the city, with its nu- \nmerous spires, the venerable cathedral, the lofty gothic \ntower of RedclifF, standing out in bold relief and dark \ncontrast, or else brightly illuminated by a sudden flash or \nsteady blaze ; the glowing water, the reflection from the \ncanvass of the ships, and the changeful aspect of the sky, \nas the flames alternately rose and sunk, or grew faint and \npale in the morning light: all these objects formed a \nscene which it is impossible to paint or to describe, as it \n\n\n\n72 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nappeared; but it will never be forgotten by those who \nbeheld it. Withal it was so sudden and so strange, that \nmany, as they stood gazing upon it, fancied it was a ter- \nrible dream, and could hardly believe their own senses, or \nthink that others would believe the dreadful tale. \n\nAs early as five o\'clock on Monday morning, the mob \nattempted to set fire to the first house on the south side of \nthe Square; but were prevented by Major Mackworth \ncharging them, at the head of about twenty men of the \n3rd Dragoon Guards, when upwards of one hundred of \nthe incendiaries were killed or wounded. This service \naccomplished, the 14th Light Dragoons were recalled \nfrom Keynsham, and were hailed by the citizens as their \ndeliverers. These were soon joined by another troop of \nthe 14th, from Gloucester, under Major Beckwith, and \ntwelve men of the Bedminster Yeomanry, under their \ncaptain. This united force again assembled in Queen \nSquare, and charged the mob, who fled in all directions. \n\nThe military now divided themselves into companies of \nabout twenty in each, galloped through the streets after \nthe people, and cut down or rode over every person in \ntheir course. During the whole of this day the shops \nwere shut, and public as well as private business entirely \nsuspended. \n\nAwful are the instances in which some of the rioters \nperished. One man had his head severed from his body, \nby a single cut of the sabre. Several were pierced through. \nA case unusually dreadful occurred, in digging out the \nruins in the Square, after the riots were over. A man, \nwho had drunk himself into a state of insensibility in one \nof the vaults, was entombed there and scorched by the \n\n\n\nTHE BRISTOL RIOTS. 73 \n\nflames. He was found alive, but his arms were burnt to \nstumps, and be looked more like the trunk of an oak \nscathed by lightning, than a living being. In short, the \nnumbers who died of drunkenness, perished in the flames, \nand were killed and wounded by the soldiers, were calcu- \nlated at about five hundred. \n\nThe riots were now effectually checked ; and bodies of \nconstables, armed with pistols, swords, and staves, were \nspeedily organized. Reinforcements of yeomanry, infan- \ntry, and artillery, were hourly arriving. It may with truth \nbe said, on the sound of the drums and music dropping \non the ears of the inhabitants, as the military approached, \nthat \' there was great joy in this city.\' Persons of every \nrank and station flocked to their doors, and greeted the \nsoldiers\' arrival with cheers. Monday night was now \narrived, but not without alarm ; for an oil warehouse acci- \ndently caught fire. A continual firing from the ships in \nthe harbour was kept up ; and the inhabitants very gene- \nrally put lights in their windows, from an apprehension \nthe mob would put out the public lamps. \n\nOn Tuesday morning the shops and public offices were \nopened for business ; and to prevent the entrance of bands \nof rioters from the country, troops were stationed at the \noutposts of the city. Crowds of spectators now ventured \nout to look at the ruins, which consisted of the Bishop\'s \nPalace, the Mansion House, the Custom House, the \nExcise Office, the Toll Gates Prince\'s Street, Bridewell, \nNew Gaol, Gloucester Prison, and nearly fifty private \nhouses and warehouses. Soldiers and constables were \nparading the streets, and entering the houses where stolen \nproperty was suspected to be concealed. Plate, furniture, \n\n\n\n74 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\n&c. to a considerable amount, however, were recovered \nfrom families, who, from their respectability, would never \nhave been suspected of participating in acts of such \nglaring dishonesty. The stolen goods were carried into \nsome of the churches and the exchange, where it lay in \nconfused heaps, from which the sorrowing owners sought \nout the broken and injured remains of their property. \n\nNo doubt but the nation at large benefited by our loss, \nas the tumults of Bristol sounded an alarm through the \nlength and breadth of the land. \n\nThe property destroyed during the riots, was valued \nby twelve commissioners, one chosen out of each ward, \nagreeably to the provisions of an act of Parliament, at \nabout \xc2\xa370,000. \n\n\n\nTHE TRIALS OF THE PRISONERS. \n\nOn Monday, January 2, 1832, Sir N. C. Tindall, Sir \nJ. B. Bosanquet, Sir W. E. Taunton, appointed by the \nspecial commission to try the prisoners charged with \nbeing concerned in the riots, arrived in Bristol. There \nwere eighty -one prisoners for trial ; of whom four were \nhung; one reprieved, (being proved insane) ; twenty-six \ntransported lor life; seven were banished, for seven or \nfourteen years; and forty-three were sentenced to im- \nprisonment and hard labour, for various periods. \n\n\n\nCOURTS MARTIAL. \n\nCol. Brereton. \xe2\x80\x94 On Monday, January 9, 1832, a Court \nMartial was held on Lieut.-Col. Brereton, the military \ncommander of the district, at the Merchants\' Hall, on \ncharges of culpable misconduct and neglect, in the em- \n\n\n\nTHE BRISTOL RIOTS. 75 \n\nployment of the troops under his command. The Court \nMartial had only sat four days, when its proceedings were \nsuddenly terminated by the melancholy end of that un- \nhappy officer. The responsibility of his situation, the \nagitating period of the riots, the blame he had incurred, \nhis anxiety and mental suffering, during the public inves- \ntigation of his conduct, combined with a bad state of \nhealth, appear, from the verdict of the coroner\'s inquest, \nto have so excited and disordered his mind, as to produce \ntemporary insanity, under the influence of which he shot \nhimself through the heart, and thus drew a dark curtain \naround the last actions of his life. \n\n\n\nCapt. Warrington. \xe2\x80\x94 On Wednesday, January 18, a \nCourt Martial was held on Captain Warrington, of the \n3rd Dragoon Guards, on certain charges connected with \nhis conduct during the time of the riots. After hearing- \nevidence for and against the Captain for eight days, the \nCourt sentenced him to be cashiered, but with permission \nto sell out ; which sentence was confirmed by the King. \n\nIn closing the account of the remaining trial connected \nwith the dreadful events above recited, it is only necessary \nto state, that on October 29th, 30th, and 31st, 1832, the \ntrial of Charles Pinney, Esq., the Mayor of Bristol during \nthe riots, came on, in the Court of King\'s Bench, " for not \nexerting his authority to repress such outrage ; also, that \nhe omitted to give such orders and make such arrange- \nments as were expedient and necessary," &c. &c. The \nsixth day concluded the trial, and the jury returned a \nverdict of Not Guilty. The prosecution against the \naldermen were then withdrawn. \n\n\n\n76 \n\n\n\nMODERN BRISTOL. \n\n\n\nSITUATION EXTENT \xe2\x80\x94 POPULATION \xe2\x80\x94 LOCAL GOVERNMENT \xe2\x80\x94 COM- \nMERCE\xe2\x80\x94 MANUFACTURES-\xe2\x80\x94 GEOLOGY AND COAL FIELDS \xe2\x80\x94 GREAT \nWESTERN AND BRISTOL AND EXETER RAILWAYS, ETC. ETC. \n\nBristol, distant from Bath eleven miles and a \nhalf, N. W., and one hundred and eighteen by the \nGreat Western Railway west from London, and \nfor centuries reputed the second trading city in \nGreat Britain, is still considered " The Metropolis \nof the West/\' from its commerce, extent, and \nnumber of inhabitants. It lies partly in two coun- \nties, and was erected, for the good services the \nKing had received from it by sea and land, into a \ncounty of itself, by Edward III. The Avon 27 and \nthe Froom 27 wind their way through it. The former \n\nv The river Avon has its rise in the northern limits of Wilt- \nshire ; and in its progress to Bristol passes through Melksham, \nBradford, and Bath. The river Froom rises at Doddington, \nGloucestershire, and passing through Iron Acton, Hambrook, \nStoke Park, and Stapleton, enters Bristol, where it joins the \nAvon, and forms the Quay. \n\n\n\nMODERN BRISTOL \xe2\x80\x94 EXTENT. 77 \n\nis the principal river: and at eight miles from its \nefflux into the Bristol Channel, or Severn sea, the \ncity is built, for the most part on a thick bed of \nsand, generally yielding water at a few fathoms \ndeep. The ground under the surface is perforated \nwith drains and common sewers in all directions, \nwhich receive and carry off into one of the rivers \nthe filth from almost every house in the city. It \nwas from the above cause, no doubt, that an order \nof common council occurred in 1651, prohibiting \nthe use of carts and waggons, only suffering sledges \nor drays. Camden, in giving our city credit for its \ncleanliness in forming " goutes " says, " they use \nsledges here instead of carts, lest they destroy the \narches, beneath which are the goutes." Another \nwriter says, " they suffer no carts to be used in the \ncity, lest, as some say, the shake occasioned by \nthem on the pavement should affect the Bristol \nmilk, (sherry) in the vaults, which is certainly had \nhere in the greatest perfection." The practice of \nusing sledges exclusively is now superseded by the \nuse of drays, with low strong iron wheels, on which \nfrom two to four hogsheads of sugar, rum, &c. are \ntaken away from the ships\' sides on the Quay to \nthe various warehouses. \n\nThe city, taken with its suburbs that pertain to \nand are connected with it, may be described as \nstanding in a vale, on eminences, and on level \nground. Some parts of it indeed are built on \n\n\n\n78 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nacclivities so very steep and lofty, as to render \nthe use of carriages inconvenient. Kingsdown, 28 \nSt. Michael\'s Hill, and Brandon Hill, rise nearly \ntwo hundred and fifty feet perpendicular above the \nbed of the river ; and consequently, when viewed \nfrom such elevations, the lower buildings appear \nsunk in a deep valley, and the spectator looks \ndown upon the loftiest spires. \n\nA fanciful resemblance has been discovered by \nsome between Bristol and ancient Rome, chiefly \ndrawn from this circumstance, \xe2\x80\x94 that both cities \nstand on seven hills, and have a muddy rapid \nriver running through them. Some of the emi- \nnences on which Bristol stands, exhibit a variety \nof beauties; and are in general covered with \nhouses and gardens, rising street over street to \ntheir very summit, whence there are delightful \nand extensive views over the city and circumjacent \ncountry. \n\n28 The Montacute, generally called Kingsdown, celebrated in \ndays of yore as the "jousting place" for military exhibitions in \nthe tented field, has been much more celebrated for its tavern and \nturtle feasts. By an odd coincidence, one Roger Turtle, in the \nfourteenth century, was mayor no less than seven times, viz. \nin 1326, 1330, 1332, 1333, 1335, 1340, and 1341; a circumstance \nwhich occasioned the following jeu d? esprit ; \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n" If old Roger Turtle was seven times mayor, \nAn honour which fell to no other man\'s share ; \n\nHis descendant, a Turtle, in the modern day, \nBears, as mayor elect, a perpetual sway." \n\n\n\nMODERN BRISTOL JURISDICTION. 79 \n\nThe surrounding districts are variegated with \nhigh salubrious downs, producing the sweetest \nherbage ; fruitful valleys, watered by springs, rivu- \nlets, brooks, and rivers ; steep precipices and rocks, \nwaving woods, and the most charming natural \nprospects, embellished by art. In the immediate \nvicinity are many handsome and pleasantly situ- \nated villages, interspersed with seats of the nobility \nand gentry ; all of which unite to render Bristol \nan object of considerable attraction. \n\nBristol is nearly ten miles in circumference, and \nsupposed to cover about 2000 acres of land ; and \nwith its vicinity contains upwards of nine hundred \nand fifty streets, squares, lanes, passages, and \ncourts ; ten markets for various commodities ,* and \nupwards of five hundred licensed public houses, \nbeer shops, &c. : the parish of Clifton, the out- \nparishes of St. Philip and Jacob, and St. Paul, \npart of Westbury, and part of Bedminster, are \nnow subjoined to it for municipal and parliamen- \ntary purposes. The city measures from east to \nwest, that is, from the top of St. Lawrence Hill to \nthe colonnade at the Hotwell House, considerably \nmore than three miles ; and from north to south, \nor from the top of Stoke \'s Croft to the end of the \nbuildings on the Bridgwater road, about two miles \nand a half. \n\nThe Jurisdiction of the Corporation, by \nwater, extends from Tower Haratz, on Temple \n\n\n\n80 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nBacks, to Kingroad; and from thence down the \nsouth side of the Bristol Channel, as low as the \ntwo islands, called the Flat Holm (on which is \nerected a light house, seventy feet high) and the \nSteep Holm, famous for being the retirement of \nGildas, the old Bristol historian ; and from thence \ndirectly eastward toward the Denny island, and so \non again to Kingroad. \n\nThe Population of the City and Suburbs, \nwhich include the new parliamentary boundary of \nthe out-parishes of St. Philip and Jacob, St. James, \nand St. Paul, the parish of Clifton, and parts of the \nparishes of Westbury and Bedminster, as taken \nJune 6, 1841, amounted to 126,988; being 10,448 \nmore than the census of 1831, and 40,945 more \nthan the census of 1821 for the same district. \n\nLocal Government or the City. \xe2\x80\x94 Bristol \ngives title to a Marquis, which is at present en- \njoyed by the noble family of Hervey. The title \nwas created in 1622, by King James I. and first \nconferred upon the ancient family of Digby. \n\nThe office of High Steward is first mentioned \nin the annals of Bristol, in the year 1540, when \nthe Duke of Somerset possessed that dignity. Of \nits duties or emoluments no mention is made, \nexcept the statement that Oliver Cromwell served \nthat office, and that he received a salary of five \npounds as annexed to it: in addition to which, \na pipe of Canary and half a tun of Gascoigne \n\n\n\nMODERN BRISTOL \xe2\x80\x94 CORPORATION. \n\n\n\n81 \n\n\n\nwine were ordered to be presented to him. The \n\npresent High Steward is his grace the Duke of \n\nBeaufort. \n\nTHE \n\n\n\nARMS OF \n\n\n\n\nBRISTOL. \n\n\n\nBy a patent, dated 1569, the Arras of Bristol are declared to be " Gules, on \na mount vert issuant out of a castle silver, upon wave a ship gold." The \ncrest and supporters : " Upon the helm, in a wreath gold and gules, \nissuant out of the clouds, two arms in saltour and charnew, in the one \nhand a serpent vert, in the other a pair of balances gold ; supported by \ntwo unicorns sejant, gold maned and horned; and clayed sables mantled \ngules, doubled silver. The motto, Virtute et Industrial \n\nThe Corporation consists of a Mayor, forty- \neight Town Councillors, and sixteen Aldermen; \nwho are respectively chosen agreeably to the pro- \nvisions of the Municipal Reform Act. Subject to \nthe Corporation are the Sheriff and his Deputy, \nthe Recorder, (who must be a barrister of five \nyears\' standing) Town Clerk, Treasurer, City \nSolicitor, Sword Bearer, Clerk of the Peace, \nClerks to the Magistrates, Coroner, Registrar of \nthe Court of Conscience, Receiver of the Town \nDues, Water Bailiff, Quay "Warden, Corn Metre \nand Weigher, Keepers of the Prison and Bridewell, \nClerks of the Markets, Exchange Keeper, &c. who \nare elected annually. For municipal purposes \n\n\n\n82 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nBristol is divided into ten wards. The number of \nrated properties within the boundary is upwards \nof 20,000, of which 10,767 are within the old city \nbounds. The municipal constituency is under 4000. \n\nThere are eighteen Magistrates, appointed by \nthe Secretary of State for the Home Department ; \nsome of whom daily attend with the Mayor, who \npresides, at the Council House. \n\nThe Police establishment (also subject to the \nCorporation) have four station houses, viz. the \nCity, (opposite the Bridewell, in Bridewell Lane) ; \nClifton, (Brandon Hill) ; St. Philip and Jacob, \n(Clarence Place); and Bedminster. Their nu- \nmerical force exceeds two hundred men, including \nsuperintendent, inspectors, Serjeants, &c. who day \nand night patrol the city and its boundaries. \n\nThere are very large estates in the city and else- \nwhere, under the control of twenty-one charity \ntrustees, left in trust, for the support of public \nschools, alms houses, &c. The trustees received \ntheir appointment from the Lord Chancellor in \n1836, when the old corporation, who were origi- \nnally appointed by the different donors to the super- \nintendence and administration of their charities, \nwas dissolved. \n\nOne of the two judges who go the western circuit, \ncomes to Bristol in August yearly, to hear and \ndetermine at the Guildhall law suits only, arising \nin Bristol as a citv and countv. Also the recorder. \n\n\n\nMODERN BRISTOL COURTS OF EQUITY. 83 \n\nwho presides as judge, holds a quarter sessions for \ntrying minor offences committed within the boun- \ndary formed by the Municipal Corporation Act. \nCharges for capital offences are tried at Gloucester. \n\nA spacious prison, on the plan of Howard, called \nLawford\'s Gate Prison, was erected about thirty- \nseven years since, at the end of Gloucester Lane, on \nthe road to Stapleton, The Petty Sessions are held \nevery Thursday in the Sessions\' Poom adjoining \nthe prison, for offences committed within the county \nof Gloucester, as well as at Ashton every fortnight \nat the Workhouse, for offences committed in that \npart of Bedminster which is still, for criminal \njurisdiction and other purposes, retained to the \ncounty of Somerset. \n\nA Court of Requests is held every Tuesday in \nthe Guildhall, Broad Street, for the recovery of \ndebts above two and under fifteen pounds, con- \ntracted within the jurisdiction of the city. The \ncorporation appoints all the officers. \n\nA Court of Conscience for the recovery of \ndebts under forty shillings, is held every Monday : \noffice in All Saints\' Lane. The two sheriffs hold \ncourts also, for determining writs of inquiry. \n\nThe Tolzey Court is an ancient court of record \nfor the recovery of debts and damages to any \namount. The judge is appointed by the corpora- \ntion, and the causes are tried by a jury as at Nisi- \nPrius. The Pie Powder Court is a branch of the \n\n\n\n84 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nTolzey Court, and is held on the 29th of Sept. \nannually under the piazza in the Old Market. \n\nHer Majesty\'s District Court of Bank- \nruptcy, Guildhall, Bristol, Commissioners, \nMr. Serjeant Stephen and R. Stephenson, Esq, \nThe court sits every day at 1 1 o\'clock ; its officers \nare in attendance from half-past 10 till half-past 3, \nThis district court comprehends all places locally \nsituated in the counties of Gloucester and Mon- \nmouth, and all places included within or to be con- \nsidered as forming parts of the northen division of \nthe county of Wilts, the eastern division of the \ncounty of Somerset, the county of the city of Bristol, \nand the several counties of Brecon, Cardigan, Car- \nmarthen, Glamorgan, Pembroke, and Radnor, in \nWales. \n\nBristol sends two members to parliament. The \nright of voting is at present vested in freeholders of \nforty shillings per year and upwards, householders \nwhose rental amounts to ten pounds per annum, \nand burgesses or freemen, if residing within the \nbounds limited by the reform bill. The freedom \nis confined to freemen\'s children born previously \nto the passing of the reform bill. No freeman is \ndisqualified from voting, except he receive paro- \nchial relief or assistance from an alms house, or be \nemployed in any office under government. The \npresent number of freeholders and free burgesses \nis about ten thousand. \n\n\n\nMODERN BRISTOL \xe2\x80\x94 COMMERCE. 85 \n\nCommerce. \xe2\x80\x94 Bristol has been described by seve- \nral writers as a place of great traffic, as early as the \nreign of King Stephen, and as one of the richest \ncities of England, receiving merchandize from \nneighbouring and foreign places, " with ships un- \nder sail." However questionable the statement \nthat merchandize was imported from foreign ports \ninto Bristol, before the use of the mariner\'s com- \npass was known, it is quite certain that as early as \n1415 Maister Canynges was engaged in an exten- \nsive foreign trade from this port: and that the \nillustrious Cabot, a native of Bristol, in 1497 dis- \ncovered Newfoundland, 29 and distinctly described \nthe coast of Florida the year before Columbus \nmade his voyage. He was also the first who ob- \nserved the variation of the needle in the mariner\'s \ncompass. In 1549, Cabot proposed to trade to \nArchangel, and thus established an intercourse be- \ntween Russia and this country. King Edward VI. \nallowed him a pension of \xc2\xa3166 per annum, and \n\n\n\n29 Robert Thorn, one of trie founders of the grammar school, \nsheriff of Bristol in 1503, writes thus to Doctor Leigh : \xe2\x80\x94 " This \ninclination and desire of this discovery I inherited from my \nfather, who with another merchant of Bristol, named Hugh \nElliot, were the discoverers of the Newfoundlands, of which \nthere is no doubt (as now plainly appeareth) , if the mariners \nwould have been ruled then and followed the pilot\'s [Cabot] \nmind, but the lands of the West Indies, from whence all the \ngold cometh, had been ours ; for all is one coast, as by the chart \nappeareth." \n\n\n\n86 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nmade him governor of the Russian company. He \nlived to the age of eighty-eight. \n\nIn 1609, a colony of settlers from Bristol estab- \nlished themselves in Newfoundland; Mr. Guy, a \ncommon-council man of Bristol, undertaking to be \ntheir general leader. \n\nAnother great nautical adventurer of this city, \nwe find in the person of Captain Thomas James, \nsent out by the merchants of this port, in search of \nthe north-west passage, in 1631 ; he wintered at \nCharlton Island, and during his voyage elucidated \nno inconsiderable part of Hudson\'s Bay. \n\nBut the climax of its exhibition for public spirit \nand commercial enterprise was reserved for the \npresent day, in projecting and carrying on to com- \npletion, the Great Western, the Bristol and Exeter, \nand the Bristol and Gloucester Railways, (the \nlatter is now amalgamated with the Birmingham and \nGloucester and Midland Railway) ; in erecting and \ncompleting large and massive buildings, the Great \nWestern Cotton Factory; and in being the first \nport to build a steamer (the Great Western), at \nan outlay of nearly \xc2\xa370,000 to cross the Atlantic \nfrom hence to New York, which has proved herself \nsuperior to every other in expedition and ac- \ncuracy. Her size is equal to an eighty gun ship ; \nshe has four masts, and her registered admeasure- \nment 1,700 tons; length 236 feet; breadth from \nout to out of the paddle box, 59 feet ; and engines \n\n\n\nMODERN BRISTOL COMMERCE. 87 \n\nand machinery of 450 horse-power. She has four \nboilers, with ample room to walk between them ; \neach boiler holds 20 tuns of water, and weighs 24 \ntons. Her stowage room is arranged for the recep- \nton of 800 tons of coal, in iron boxes, which is \nsufficient for twenty-five days\' consumption ; and \nnotwithstanding the necessarily large space devoted \nto the above, she has 136 berths for passengers, \nindependent of cabins for officers and crew. The \nsaloon is 63 ft. in length, by 32 in breadth, and is \nmost splendidly fitted up in the style of the age of \nLouis Quatorze. \n\nThe gigantic iron steamer the Great Britain, \noriginally built as a companion to the Great \nWestern, in her alternate voyages across the \nAtlantic, was floated out of dock on Wednesday, \nJuly 19, 1843, in the presence of his Royal High- \nness Prince Albert, who condescended to accept \nan invitation on that occasion from the directors \nof the Great Western Steam Ship Company, and \nwhose reception into our ancient and loyal city was \nmost enthusiastic, triumphal arches being erected \nin various parts of the line of rout. This mag- \nnificent and splendid iron steamer is the largest \never built in Europe, and no doubt will prove the \nvast advantage of iron over wood in the power of \nbuoyancy, in commerce, and in war. The weight \nof iron used in the ship and the engines is up- \nwards of 1,500 tons ; burden, 3,500 tons ; power, \n\n\n\n88 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\n1,000 horse ; length, from figure-head to tafrail, \n322 feet ; length of keel, 289 feet ; extreme width, \n50 feet 6 inches, unincumbered with paddle boxes; \ndepth of hold, 32 feet 6 inches, and when loaded \ndraws about 16 feet of water. \n\nShe has four decks ; the first or upper deck is \nflush, and measures 308 feet in length. \n\nThe second deck consists of two promenade \nsaloons, the aft or first class is 110 ft. 6 in. by 22 ft. ; \nand the forward or second class, 67 ft. by 21 ft. 9 in. \nThey are well lighted and ventilated. \n\nThe third deck consists of the dining saloons, \nthe Grand Saloon being 98 feet 6 inches by 30 ft. ; \nand the second class, or Forward Saloon, 61 feet \nby 21 feet 9 inches. \n\nThese saloons are all 8 feet 3 inches high, and \nsurrounded with sleeping rooms, of which there \nare 26 with one bed, and 113 with two beds, giving \n252 berths. These are, of course, the same height : \nand an improvement has been introduced which \naffords, by means of passages, much greater privacy \nthan in any vessel heretofore built : \xe2\x80\x94 this is a great \nadvantage. \n\nThe fourth deck is appropriated to cargo, of \nwhich she can carry 1,200 tons, besides coals \n1,000 tons. Underneath this deck, in the after- \npart of the ship, is an iron fresh-water tank, and \nin the fore-part is an air chamber from the boiler \nto the fore-bulkhead. \n\n\n\nMODERN BRISTOL COMMERCE. 89 \n\nThe forecastle is appropriated to the officers and \nsailors\' mess-rooms and sleeping berths; underneath \nare sail-rooms, &c. \n\nThe middle part of the vessel, a space of 80 feet \nis occupied by the engines, boilers, engineers\' \nroom, and cooking department, which is over the \nboilers. There are three boilers, capable of con- \ntaining 200 tuns of water, heated by 24 fires, and \nfour engines, each of 250 horse-power. The cylin- \nders are 88 inches in diameter, and the chimney is \n8 feet in diameter and 39 feet high. She has six \nmasts, all but the mainmast (which is 74 ft. above \ndeck,) capable of being lowered upon the deck, like \nthe masts of sloops, and carries about 5,000 yards \nof canvass. Her consumption of coals is about 60 \ntons per day. She is propelled by the Archimedian \nscrew, on the plan of the patentee, Mr. F. P. Smith. \nHer draught of water when loaded willbe about 16 \nft., and her displacement of water about 3,000 tuns. \n\nThe deck planks are fastened to the angle-iron by \nscrews from below, and firmly secured at each end \nto the vertical ribs, which affords a support to the \nsides in resisting both external and internal pressure, \nand are supported lengthwise by longitudinal beams \nand stanchions. To preserve the hull from spring- \ning horizontally, there are diagonal tension bars \nplaced between the angle-iron bars and deck planks. \nOne of the most remarkable parts of the machinery \nis the wrought iron mainshaft, manufactured at the \n\n\n\n90 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nMersey Iron Works. This is the largest shaft ever \nconstructed, weighing about sixteen tons. Her \npumps are worked by machinery, and are capable \nof throwing off 7,000 gallons per minute. The \ncost of the Great Britain is about \xc2\xa3128,000. She \nfinally left Bristol for London on Thursday, Jan. 23, \n1845, where she lay for inspection till June, and \nthence, started for Liverpool, calling at Plymouth \nand Falmouth on her way; and again starting from \nLiverpool for New York in July, 1845, between \nwhich ports she is now a regular trader. \n\nThe advantageous situation of Bristol as a com- \nmercial port cannot be surpassed, perhaps, either \non the western or southern coast, for accommoda- \ntion and safety, especially since 1804, when at an \nexpense of \xc2\xa3600,000, levied on the inhabitants by \na rate still payable, that great undertaking was \ncommenced of converting the bed of the Avon into \nan immense floating dock, and the cutting of a new \nand capacious channel for the tide, commencing \nabout a quarter of a mile towards Bath from the \nCattle Market, and terminating at Cumberland \nBasin, Hotwells. This basin is very spacious, and \nwas formed for the reception of the largest craft, as \nwas Bathurst Basin, in the centre of the New Cut, \nfor receiving the coasters. \n\nFrom Cumberland Basin the river Avon, at full \ntide, is deep and navigable down to Kingroad, \nwhere it joins the Severn; where 1,000 sail might \n\n\n\nMODERN BRISTOL \xe2\x80\x94 COMMERCE. 91 \n\nsafely ride at anchor in all weathers ; and from \nwhence a ship of 1,000 tons burthen might reach \nthe Quay 30 in the very heart of the city, and its \ncontents be transferred to Gloucester, London, \nExeter, or elsewhere, in a few hours by railroad. \n\nBut notwithstanding all its claims \xe2\x80\x94 its early \ncommercial importance \xe2\x80\x94 its immense outlay in \nmaking a convenient and safe floating harbour, \nand its recent public spirit ; Bristol must necessa- \nrily yield to its powerful rival Liverpool in local \nadvantages, viz. in its central situation, its proximity \nto the Irish coast, and its neighbourhood to Man- \nchester and to the great clothing districts of the \nnorth, into which it imports the cotton of the \neastern and western hemispheres, and from which \nagain it receives the manufactured fabrics that fill \nthe markets of the world. \n\nThe following tables, taken from the Report of \nthe Chamber of Commerce published in February, \n1846, will shew the state of the trade of this port up \nto January 5, 1846. It appears from the increasing \n\n30 The Quay, from tlie stone bridge at the bottom of Small \nStreet, to the old Bristol Bridge at the bottom of High Street, \nmeasures upwards of one mile in extent, and is one uninter- \nrupted wharf of stone. Its several portions are known by the \nnames of the Quay, Broad Quay, the Grove, and the Welsh \nBack. There are several dock yards, for building and repairing \nof vessels, on the banks of the Froom and the Avon, of con- \nsiderable magnitude, especially one near Cumberland Basin, \nformed bv the late firm of Acraman & Co, \n\n\n\n92 \n\n\n\nCHILCOTT S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\n\n\nnumber of removals of Foreign Goods from other \nports to Bristol for the last six years^ that the \ndemand exceeds the direct import, and consequently \nthat foreign vessels are deterred from coming here \non account of the port charges and want of back \ncargoes. These evils the citizens are strenuously \nendeavouring to remove by offering to purchase \nthe Docks of the Dock Company, and taking into \ntheir own hands their future management, by \nwhich they hope to lessen the dues, add to the \nnumber of manufacturers, and consequently in- \ncrease the trade of the port. \n\nAn Account of the total number of Ships, icith their Tonnage, in- \ncluding their repeated Voyages, that have entered inwards and \ncleared outwards at this Port, with Cargoes, from and to Foreign \nParts, in the year ending 5th January, 1846, distinguishing each \nKingdom or State, and British Ships from Foreign. \n\n\n\nKINGDOMS OR \nSTATES. \n\n\n\nEurope. \nRussia, Northern \nPorts... \nBlack Sea \nNorway \nSweden \nDenmark \nPrussia \nHolland \nGermany \nFrance \nPortugal \xe2\x80\x94 Proper . \nAzores . \nSpain \xe2\x80\x94 Proper . . \n\n\n\n\n\nINWARDS \n\n\n\n\nOUTWARDS. \n\n\nBRITISH. \n\n\nFOREIGN. \n\n\nBRITISH. \n\n\nFOREIGN. \n\n\nships \n\n\ntons \n\n\nships \n\n\ntons \n\n\nships \n\n\ntons \n\n\nships \n\n\ntons \n\n\n40 \n\n\n8232 \n\n\n9 \n\n\n2285 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3 \n\n\n757 \n\n\n1 \n\n\n312 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 \n\n\n367 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n6 \n\n\n1373 \n\n\n... \n\n\n\n\n1 \n\n\n153 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 \n\n\n382 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 \n\n\n84 \n\n\n6 \n\n\n722 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 \n\n\n143 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n18 \n\n\n3952 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n3 \n\n\n815 \n\n\n10 \n\n\n895 \n\n\n3 \n2 \n\n\n267 \n461 \n\n\n6 \n\n\n444 \n\n\n1 \n\n\n66 \n\n\n9 \n\n\n664 \n\n\n10 \n\n\n933 \n\n\n2 \n\n\n221 \n\n\n1 \n\n\n42 \n\n\n9 \n\n\n668 \n\n\n6 \n\n\n506 \n\n\n2 \n\n\n135 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n24 \n\n\n1535 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n23 \n\n\n1658 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 ... \n\n\n\n\n\nMODERN BRISTOL COMMERCE. \n\n\n\n93 \n\n\n\n(Continued.) \n\n\n\nKINGDOMS OB, \n\n\nINWARDS. \n\n\nOUTWARDS. \n\n\nBRITISH. \n\n\nFOREIGN. \n\n\nBRITISH. \n\n\nFOREIGN. \n\n\nSTATES. \n\n\nships \n\n\ntons \n\n\nships \n\n\ntons \n\n\nships \n\n2 \n3 \n\n4 \n\n\ntons \n\n\nships \n\n\ntons \n\n\nDuchy of Tuscany. \nNaples and Sicily . \nAustrianTerritories \n\n\n5 \n\n24 \n\n1 \n\n\n631 \n\n2649 \n\n159 \n\n\n"i \n\n\n180 \n\n\n303 \n259 \n532 \n\n\n\n\nGibraltar, Malta, & \nIonian Islands... \n\n\n13 \n\n\n1608 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTurkey \n\nSardinia \n\n\n17 \n\n\n2422 \n\n\n\'i \n\n\n399 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nGreece \n\n\n2 \n\n\n357 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 \n\n\n126 \n\n\n\n\n\n\nAfrica. \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCoast \n\n\n22 \n\n\n3640 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n14 \n\n\n2052 \n\n\n\n\n\n\nMauritius ... \n\n\n1 \n\n\n177 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAsia. \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCalcutta \n\n\n3 \n\n\n975 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n6 \n\n\n2420 \n\n\n\n\n\n\nCanton \n\n\n1 \n\n\n388 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAmerica. \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNewfoundland \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n8 \n\n\n904 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n9 \n\n\n963 \n\n\n\n\n\n\nCanada \n\n\n45 \n\n\n26822 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n5 \n\n\n1285 \n\n\n\n\n\n\nNew Brunswick ... \n\n\n21 \n\n\n7418 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n2 \n\n\n1250 \n\n\n\n\n\n\nPrince Edward\'s \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIsland ... \n\n\n3 \n\n\n1191 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 \n\n\n186 \n\n\n\n\n\n\nAntigua \n\n\n2 \n\n\n392 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n3 \n\n\n599 \n\n\n\n\n\n\nBarbadoes... \n\n\n7 \n\n\n2291 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n7 \n\n\n2299 \n\n\n\n\n\n\nJamaica \n\n\n12 \n\n\n3581 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n12 \n\n\n3691 \n\n\n\n\n\n\nNevis & St. Kitt\'s . \n\n\n6 \n\n\n830 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n7 \n\n\n973 \n\n\n\n\n\n\nSt. Yincent \n\n\n3 \n\n\n1214 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n3 \n\n\n1214 \n\n\n\n\n\n\nTobago \n\n\n3 \n\n\n961 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n3 \n\n\n961 \n\n\n\n\n\n\nTrinidad ... \n\n\n10 \n\n\n2455 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n8 \n\n\n2032 \n\n\n\n\n\n\nDemerara... \n\n\n7 \n\n\n2521 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n8 \n\n\n2765 \n\n\n\n\n\n\nHonduras \n\n\n2 \n\n\n758 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCuba \n\n\n1 \n\n\n216 \n\n\n... \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUnited States \n\n\n4 \n\n\n1175 \n\n\n5 \n\n\n2482 \n\n\n3 \n\n\n1040 \n\n\n1 \n\n\n634 \n\n\nChili \n\n\n1 \n\n\n348 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n1 \n\n\n349 \n\n\n\n\n\n\nPeru \n\n\n3 \n\n\n850 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJersey & Guernsey \nTotal \n\n\n14 \n\n360 \n\n\n791 \n\n\n69 \n\n\n\n\nio \n\n122 \n\n\n584 \n\n\n9 \n\n\n\n\n82237 \n\n\n14254 \n\n\n26683 \n\n\n2220 \n\n\n\nTotal inwards, 429 vessels \xe2\x80\x94 96,491 tonnage; total outwards, \n131 vessels\xe2\x80\x94 28,903 tonnage. \n\nFor the year ending the 5th of January, 1845, the returns \nwere : \xe2\x80\x94 Total inwards, 402 vessels \xe2\x80\x94 81,905 tonnage ; total out- \nwords, 138 vessels \xe2\x80\x94 28,516 tonnage. \n\n\n\n94 \n\n\n\nCHILCOTT S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\n\n\nAn Account of the Exports, from the Port of Bristol, ofiheprinci* \npal articles of British and Irish produce and manufactures in the \nyear ending 5th January, 1846, compared with the Exports of the \ntwo preceding years, ending 5th January, 1844 and 1845. \n\n\n\nARTICLES. \n\n\n1844. \n\n\n1845. \n\n\n1846. \n\n\n\n\n\xc2\xa3 \n\n\ns. \n\n\nd \n\n\n\xc2\xa3 \n\n\ns. \n\n\nd. \n\n\n\xc2\xa3 \n\n\n5. d. \n\n\nCoal and Culm \n\n\n4,462 \n\n\n15 \n\n\n{ \n\n\n3,388 \n\n\n4 \n\n\n\n\n\n3,567 \n\n\n6 6 \n\n\nCotton Manufac. \n\n\n40,550 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n34,534 \n\n\n16 \n\n\n\n\n\n34,352 \n\n\n13 \n\n\n,, Yarn ... \n\n\n50,840 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n48,000 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n30,766 \n\n\n3 \n\n\nEarthenware . . . \n\n\n2,246 \n\n\n8 \n\n\n\n\n\n2,596 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2,521 \n\n\n\n\n\nGlass \n\n\n5,773 \n\n\n4 \n\n\n\n\n\n6,801 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5,320 \n\n\n\n\n\nHardware and \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCutlery \n\n\n604 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n434 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n591 \n\n\n\n\n\nLinen Manufac. \n\n\n3,896 \n\n\n16 \n\n\n\n\n\n1,253 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n894 \n\n\n\n\n\nMetals, viz. \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIron & Steel ... \n\n\n37,537 \n\n\n13 \n\n\n\n\n\n40,724 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n29,920 \n\n\n\n\n\nCopper & Brass \n\n\n18,909 \n\n\n6 \n\n\n\n\n\n21,805 \n\n\n10 \n\n\n\n\n\n26,484 \n\n\n\n\n\nLead \n\n\n1,450 \n\n\n19 \n\n\n\n\n\n3,503 \n\n\n6 \n\n\n\n\n\n3,660 \n\n\n\n\n\nTin, un wrought \n\n\n47 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n566 \n\n\n15 \n\n\n\n\n\n460 \n\n\n\n\n\nTin Plates ... \n\n\n7,250 \n\n\n17 \n\n\n\n\n\n6,630 \n\n\n11 \n\n\n\n\n\n8,439 \n\n\n\n\n\nSalt \n\n\n1,897 \n\n\n14 \n\n\n\n\n\n1,300 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2,032 \n\n\n\n\n\nSilk Manufact. . \n\n\n4,254 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n20 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n200 \n\n\n\n\n\nWoollen Manuf. \n\n\n8,808 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n4,591 \n\n\n16 \n\n\n\n\n\n1,676 \n150,883 \n\n\n17 \n19 6 \n\n\n188,528 \n\n\n12 \n\n\n\n\n\n176,148 \n\n\n18 \n\n\n\n\n\n\nRemovals to this Port of Foreign Goods from other Ports under \n\n\n\nNumbers of \nRemovals. \n\n\nFor the Years ending January 5th. \n\n\n1841. \n\n\n1842. \n\n\n1843. \n\n\n1844. \n\n\n1845. \n\n\n1846. \n\n\n584 \n\n\n635 \n\n\n871 | 709 \n\n\n949 \n\n\n887 \n\n\n\nAn Account of the Gross and Net Produce of the D UTIES oj \nCUSTOMS at this Port, in the Year ending oth January, 1846, \ncompared with the Produce in the preceding Years, ending 5th \nJanuary, 1842, 1843, 1844, and L845. \n\n\n\nGross \n\nReceipt of \n\nDuties. \n\n\nYear ending 5th January, \n\n\n1842. \n\n\n1843. \n\n\n1844. \n\n\n1845. \n\n\n1846. \n\n\n\xc2\xa3 \n\n1,046,800 \n\n\n\xc2\xa3 \n965,275 \n\n\n\xc2\xa3 \n\n996,750 \n\n\n\xc2\xa3 \n\n1,007,832 \n\n\n\xc2\xa3 \n\n919,149 \n\n\n\nMODERN BRISTOL \xe2\x80\x94 COMMERCE. 95 \n\nThe chief dependence of Bristol upon its foreign \ntrade is to the British plantations in the West \nIndies, to the various ports of Europe and the \nIonian Islands, Africa, the Mauritius, East Indies, \nand China, as well as to Canada, and the British \nNorth American possessions, to the United States \nof North America, Newfoundland, &c. \n\nThere is also a trade of some magnitude between \nBristol and Ireland. The imports principally con- \nsist of woollens, linens, cottons, grain, flour, provi- \nsions, whiskey, porter, &c. &c, besides a large \nnumber of live stock. The exports from Bristol to \nIreland are wrought iron, leather, raw and refined \nsugar, tea, tin plates, bottles, &c. &c. The follow- \ning shews the number of Irish imports and exports \nending January 5, for the years 1845 and 1846 : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n1845. | 1846. \n\nVessels. Tons. Vessels. Tons. \n\nInwards 547 88,668 Inwards 708 103,793 \n\nOutwards 310 69,050 | Outwards 324 78,029 \n\nThe number of other Coasters, with their ton- \nnage, which have entered and departed from our \nPort for the years 1845 and 1846, are as follows : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n\n1845. \n\n\n\n\n1846. \n\n\n\n\nVessels. \n\n\nTons. \n\n\nVessels. \n\n\nTons. \n\n\nInwards 6,229 \n\n\n388,311 \n\n\nInwards 5,334 \n\n\n290,524 \n\n\nOutwards 3,530 \n\n\n274,263 \n\n\nOutwards 3,114 \n\n\n209,307 \n\n\n\nThe live stock imported into Bristol from Ireland,- \n\n\n\n96 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nfor the years ending in December, 1843, 1844, and \n1845, are as under: \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nHorses. \n\n\n\n\n\nPigs. \n\n\nSheep. \n\n\nCattle. \n\n\n1843, \n\n\n65,150 \n\n\n685 \n\n\n736 \n\n\n1844, \n\n\n30,880 \n\n\n437 \n\n\n173 \n\n\n1845, \n\n\n32,926 \n\n\n1,603 \n\n\n1,015 \n\n\n\n38 \n\nThe Tides. \xe2\x80\x94 The changes in the state of tide \nin our Avon are very remarkable. At low water \nit has all the appearance of a wide muddy ditch, \nand incapable of floating a cock boat; at high \nwater a ship of 1,000 tons may ride majestically \non its surface from Kingroad to the Bristol Quay. \nProfessor Whewell, in his observations on " The \nTheory of Tides" says, that "at the Port of Bristol \nthe tides rise to a height of fifty feet, while to- \nwards the lower part of the channel they only \nrise to twenty, and along other parts of the coast \nnot quite so high." \n\nThe laws by which the tides are regulated have \nrecently much engaged the attention of scientific \nmen, and hence the interest taken in their develop- \nment. At the suggestion of Professor Whewell a \nself-registering Tide Gauge was erected in 1833, \nat Hungroad, near the mouth of the Avon, upon \nthe estate of the late Richard Bright, Esq. by the \nmembers of the Literary and Philosophical Society, \nand was kept in operation for several years. Subse- \nquently Mr. T. G. Bunt, a gentleman of this city, \nwho publishes annually the Tide Tables for this \n\n\n\n- MODERN BRISTOL \xe2\x80\x94 MANUFACTORIES. 97 \n\nport, invented a self-registering Tide Gauge, con- \nsisting of a clock, a cylinder, a float, and a pencil. \nThe cylinder is covered with a sheet of paper, and \nmade to revolve once in twenty-four hours. The \nfloat causes the pencil to rise and fall with the tide, \nand describe curves on the paper, showing the \nexact time and height of every high water. A full \ndescription of this instrument, with engravings, \nmay be seen in the Philosophical Transactions, and \nin the Encyclopaedia Metropolitana, under the \narticle of Tides and Waves. It was erected in \nfront of the Hotwell House, at the joint expense \nof the Corporation, the Dock Company, and \nthe Society of Merchant Venturers, in the year \n1837, and has been in operation ever since. The \nresults of the observations made by it on lunar and \nsolar influence, atmospheric pressure, &c. &c. are \nvery interesting, and will be found in the reports \nof the British Association for 1841, &c. \n\nManufactories. \xe2\x80\x94 The great facility of obtain- \ning good coal at low prices in the immediate \nneighbourhood of Bristol, offer very great en- \ncouragement for the multiplication of our manu- \nfacturing establishments. Among the principal \nnow established may be named the following : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nGreat Western Cotton Works. \xe2\x80\x94 The intro- \nduction of this source of prosperity into Bristol \nhad long engaged public attention ; but it was not \ntill 1837 that active measures were taken to effect \n\nH \n\n\n\n98 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nit, by the association of several of the leading in- \nhabitants of the city with an eminent manufacturer \nof Manchester. \n\nAn immense pile of building, for the purpose of \ncotton-spinning and weaving, has been erected in \nthe Out-Parish of St. Philip and Jacob, on the \nmargin of the Avon, and the works are now in \nfull operation; having engines of eighty-horse \npower each, and two of twenty each, constantly \nat work. The bleaching works are complete. \n\nThe print annexed shows the mill where the \ncotton is spun into yarn. The room at the foot of \nthe mill is the weaving room, where about 700 per- \nsons, chiefly young girls, are employed in making \nthe yarn spun in the mill into cloth. The whole \nestablishment is a perfect model of comfort and \ngood arrangement, and employs about 1,700 hands. \n\nIn the building to the left, all the looms and a \nconsiderable portion of the other machinery are \nmade and repaired. There is also a large iron \nfoundry erected, capable of turning off twenty tons \nper week, and from which all the machinery, made \non the premises has been cast. The bridge erected \nover the Feeder, called St. Philip\'s Bridge, was \ncast and put together by this establishment. \n\nThe Brass Works, originally formed at Baptist \nMills, 33 at the distance of one mile to the north-east \n\n33 So named because adults were formerly baptised in the \nProom river, on the banks of which the works were built. \n\n\n\nMODERN BRISTOL MANUFACTORIES. 99 \n\nof the city, but now removed to Keynsham, were \nthe first manufactory of that compound metal ever \nestablished in this country; the workmen being \nbrought from Holland. It is either drawn into \nwire, or formed into what is termed battery, for \nthe home or export trade. Dr. Watson, who was \nBishop of LlandafF, speaking of Bristol brass, says, \n" it is quite free from knots or hard places, arising \nfrom iron, to which other brass is subject ; and this \nquality, as it respects the magnetic needle, renders \nit of great importance in making compasses for \nnavigation." The firm is " Harford\'s and Bristol \nBrass and Copper Company." \xe2\x80\x94 Offices, Corn Street. \n\nThere are two considerable Lead Works ; the \nproprietors of one are Messrs. Riddle & Co., Avon \nStreet, St. Philip\'s ; \xe2\x80\x94 and of the other Messrs. \nBayly & Co., at Easton, Gloucestershire : at each \nmanufactory the lead is smelted from the ore, \nrolled, or cast into sheets. These firms also manu- \nfacture white lead in great purity. \n\nThe Bristol Patent Shot, manufactured on \nPedcliff Hill, has obtained so decided a preference, \non account of its rotundity, that it is in great de- \nmand at home and abroad. The patent for its \nmanufacture was taken out by the late Mr. William \nWatts, 34 the predecessor of the present proprietors, \n\n34 The discovery is said to have arisen from a dream by Mrs. \nWatts, the wife of the patentee. She told her husband that \nshe had been engaged whilst asleep in making those diminutive \nglobes, by dropping melted lead from a great height into a well \nof watpr beneath. \n\n\n\n100 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nChristopher George & Co., who also manufacture \nlead into milled and cast sheets, and patent lead \npipes. Their lead smelting works are at Black \nSworth, St. George\'s. \n\nThe Soap manufactured in Bristol is universally \nesteemed. One of our MS. calendars has the fol- \nlowing notice : \xe2\x80\x94 " 124:2. This year grey soap was \nsold from the city to London, to one John Lamb, \nwho retailed it at one penny per pound, and black \nsoap at a half-penny per pound." \n\nThe Iron Foundries and Wrought Iron \nManufactories here are of considerable magni- \ntude, where steam engines, anchors of the largest \nsize, chain cables, &c. are manufactured. \n\nThe Spelter Works at Warmley are of con- \nsiderable importance. \n\nWine and Porter Bottles are manufactured \non an extensive scale, by Messrs. Powell, Brothers, \n& Co. ; also by Messrs. Bicketts & Co., Avon \nStreet, St. Philip\'s. \n\nMessrs. Lucas, Coathupe, & Co. have a manu- \nfactory of Crown Glass at Nailsea. Their ware- \nhouse is in Nicholas Street, Bristol. \n\nThere is also a considerable establishment at \nTemple Gate, for the manufacture of Flint Glass, \nwhich is of very superior quality. Strangers are \nadmitted to inspect it by leaving their address at \nthe counting-house. \n\nThe Potteries are very extensive, particularly \n\n\n\nMODERN BRISTOL \xe2\x80\x94 MANUFACTORIES. 101 \n\nthat known as " The Bristol Pottery/\' situated on \nTemple Backs, under the firm of Pountney & Co. \nThe ware manufactured here bears a strong resem- \nblance to that of the late Mr. Wedgwood, and \nforms an article of considerable export, in addition \nto the demand at home. The various processes of \nforming the ware, of glazing, printing, painting, and \nenamelling it, are very curious and interesting to \nthe visitor. \xe2\x80\x94 Strangers are admitted on application \nat the counting-house. \n\nThe Bristol Distilleries, for the rectifying \nof spirits, are extensively employed ; particularly \nin the article of Gin. \n\nThe Bristol Sugar Refiners have superior \nmethods, and their loaf sugar is accordingly much \nesteemed. The single refined sugars of Bristol \nobtain higher prices abroad than any others. \n\nExtensive premises are employed for the manu- \nfacture of Tobacco and Snuff in this city. \n\nThere are every large establishments here en- \ngaged in the manufacture of Hats. \n\nThe superior excellence of the Painted Floor \nCloth manufactured here, has excited universal \nadmiration, having been invented and brought to \nthe utmost perfection by Messrs. Hare, of this city. \nPieces of twenty-seven feet in width, and one hun- \ndred and eighty in length, of the richest patterns, \nhave been produced at their manufactory, near \nTemple Gate. \n\n\n\n102 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nThe Patent Chocolate and Cocoa manufac- \ntured by Messrs. Fry & Sons, of Union Street, has \nobtained considerable celebrity. \n\nThere are several large establishments in the \nneighbourhood engaged in the manufacture of Pins. \n\nThe travellers of the Bristol manufacturers and \nwholesale dealers visit all the western counties and \nprincipal places, from Southampton to the banks of \nthe Trent in the north, as well as to South and \nNorth Wales, and the English counties bordering \non the Severn and the Wye. \n\nCoal Fields, Geology, &c. \xe2\x80\x94 Bristol, as well as \nits vicinity, is in general supplied with coals from \nKingswood, Bedminster, Ashton, Nailsea, Brisling- \nton, and Coal-pit Heath, near the city ; although \na large quantity is also imported from Newport, &c. \n\nThe coal fields, watered by the Avon, extend \nfrom the vicinity of Bristol to the south and \neast for the space of thirty miles. The beds are \nfew and thin, compared to those of Wales, War- \nwickshire, Staffordshire, Yorkshire, and Newcastle. \nHere the pits never penetrate through more than \ntwo or three veins. \n\nThe coal field of Bristol is divided into a lower \nseries of numerous alterations (probably fifty) of \nsand-stones, shales, and clays, with coal seams, and \nan upper series of similar deposits, with fewer \nchanges, separated from the lower by thick sand- \nstone beds called Pennant The quantity of coal, \n\n\n\nMODERN BRISTOL GEOLOGY. 103 \n\nabout 60 feet, equals or even surpasses that of the \nnorthern or midland coal field, yet far less profita- \nble, on account of its being separated into a large \nnumber of small beds, in consequence of which not \none half of the coal is available. The miners have \npenetrated to the depth of 200 fathoms at Bedmin- \nster ; and at Radstock even to 250 fathoms. 35 \n\nBut though the miner cannot realise a princely \nfortune, as in other districts, no country can be \nmore interesting to the student with regard to \norganic remains, and to the variety and structure \nof its rocks and ores. Lead combined with cala- \nmine has been found in large nodules at Southmead, \nnear Westbury ; and manganese occurs at Leigh \nand Mendip, in thin veins. About a hundred \nyards above Bedminster bridge, the earth called \nstrontian may be seen at low water, in veins of five \nor six inches in thickness, and even sulphate of \nstrontian has been found. It apparently refuses \nevery vestige of pollution from the red soil with \nwhich it is thickly coated. "When the new course \nof the river was made, oak trees, deer\'s horns, boars\' \nand other teeth, blue sulphate of iron formed in \nthe clay, and beds of gravel, were found. \n\nThe paucity of organic remains in sand-stone \nhas been frequently remarked : at Nailsea, however, \nthere is a large bed of sand-stone full of black \n\n35 Mr. W. L. Sanders\'s Lecture on Geology, at the Philoso- \nphical Institution, Park Street, January, 1843. \n\n\n\n104 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nmarks, which indicate the remains of vegetable \nmatter combined with oxides of iron. At Frenchay, \na vein of coal has been found, a quarter of an inch \nthick, in the solid rock: the remains of animals \nhave been found there. Lithophytes have occurred \nin the quarry at Brislington Common, not only \nsmall black marks, but broad leaves of the agce \nclass : bamboo canes have been found. In this red \nsand-stone a remarkable formation of globular \nnodules (oblated, however, at the bottom, and on \nthat account called (C hell moulds") is sometimes \nfound in the heart of the rock, separated by a thick \ncoating of oxides of iron. They are known to the \ncolliers by fatal experience, for whilst the miner is \nworking in an inclined position, which is always \nthe case where the beds of coal are thin, the con- \ntinued strokes of his pick-axe gradually loosen the \nbell mould, which eventually drops out of its \nsocket, and kills or maims him without the least \nwarning. \n\nThe ranges of mountain lime-stone no where \ndiscover themselves in bolder characters than at \nthe Black Rock and St. Vincent\'s. The strata here \nsucceed one another in more than a hundred \ncouches, dipping eastward at an angle of thirty \nand sometimes forty degrees ; but at Henbury the \ndip is almost vertical ; while on the Mendip range \nit often becomes less than twenty degrees. In the \n\n\n\nMODERN BRISTOL \xe2\x80\x94 GEOLOGY. 105 \n\nrock opposite the mouth of the Avon, the dip is \ntoward the west \n\nBeneath the lime-stone is the mill-grit rock, \n(amygdaloid, or plum-pudding stone). At the Pill \nlanding place its stratum is level with the tide, and \nthe whole village is built upon it. At Brandon \nHill it again appears : and here it is so hard that \nit has been compared to porphyry. It is afterwards \ntraced in different directions for many miles. This \nrock occasionally affords fluor spar. \n\nFor a general view of our district the geologist \nis recommended to ascend the summit of Dundry \nHill, about three miles from this city. Perhaps \nthere is no other station in Europe which brings \ninto view so rich a variety of formations, including \nso nearly the whole series of rocks, from the oldest \ntransition to the newest secondary \xe2\x80\x94 from Grau- \nwacke slate to chalk \xe2\x80\x94 as the hills of Dundry, Men- \ndip, Quantock, Cheddar, &c. &c. \n\nThe florid ferruginous character of the soil in the \ncity and in the whole neighbourhood of Bristol \n(whence the names iiWcliff, iiWland,) has long \nbeen considered a strong evidence of the existence \nof iron ore, and about fifteen years since some of a \nvery fine quality was discovered on the estate of \nSir John Smyth, Bart., of Ashton ; subsequently \nlarge quantities have been raised at Winford and \nWrington, Somerset, of the very best quality, and \nshipped for the iron foundries in South Wales. \n\n\n\n106 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nTHE GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY, \n\nwhilst it presented, at the time of its formation, \none of the greatest public works ever constructed \nin this or any other country, afforded a proof of \nwhat the enterprise of our capitalists and the extra- \nordinary genius of its chief engineer (Mr. Brunei) \ncould effect. \n\nThe first contract in the London division of the \nline (the Wharncliffe Viaduct at Han well) was let \non the 26th of November, 1835 ; and within the \nnext six months, the rest of the contracts as far \nas Maidenhead (excepting about four miles near \nLondon) were also undertaken by responsible par- \nties. In the Bristol division, the first contract let was \na length of about two miles and three quarters, from \nthe river Avon to a field in the parish of Keynsham, \ncomprising a bridge over the river, and three \ntunnels. This work was commenced in April, 1836. \nThe permanent shafts for the Box tunnel (twenty- \neight feet diameter, and averaging two hundred and \nforty feet in depth) were let in September, 1836, \nbut no portion of the tunnel itself was contracted \nfor until September, 1837, and the larger part of \nit not until February, 1838. This stupendous work \nstands unrivalled for magnitude amongst works of \nits kind. The area of its section is about nine \nhundred square feet, its length three thousand two \nhundred yards, and it is perfectly straight, so that \n\n\n\nMODERN BRISTOL \xe2\x80\x94 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. 107 \n\nthe light is visible through it from end to end. It \noccupied about three years to complete it; and \nupwards of twenty millions of bricks were used in \nthe arching, besides a great extent of freestone \nwalling. The whole expense of completing this \ntunnel was upwards of \xc2\xa3200,000. It was as late as \nthe autumn of 1839, before some of the important \nworks on the line between Bristol and Bath could \nbe commenced. \n\nThe following summary of facts, collected from \nthe published reports of the Company, may be \ndeemed interesting, and are therefore inserted \nhere : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nPERIODS OF COMPLETION AND OPENING OF \nTHE LINE, ETC. \n\n1835. Aug. 31. Act received the royal assent. \n\nNov. 26. The first contract let in the London division. \n\n1836. Mar. 15. The first contract let in the Bristol division. \n\n1837. July 4. Royal assent to Act for the extension from \n\nActon to Paddington. \nOct. 27. Special general meeting of proprietors, to \nauthorise the borrowing of \xc2\xa3833,333 in \naddition to capital, and of \xc2\xa31,125,000 in \nanticipation of calls. \n\n1838. Jan. 10. First trial in running the engines near West \n\nDrayton. \nJune 4. Opening to Maidenhead, 22| miles. \n\n1839. Jan. 9. The adoption of the broad gauge confirmed by \n\nproprietors, by a majority of 1,647 votes. \nJune 26. Special meeting to create new shares of \n\xc2\xa350, to the amount of \xc2\xa31,250,000. \n\n\n\n108 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\n1839. July 1. Opening to Twyford, additional 8| miles ; \n\ntotal 30f . \nNov. Chas. Russell, Esq. elected Chairman in place \nof W. U. Sims, Esq. deceased. \n\nMiles. Total. \n\n1840. Mar. 30. Opening to Reading, additional 5 35f \n\nJune 1. to Steventon 20f 56% \n\nJuly 20. to FarringdonRoad.. 7| 63f \n\nAug. 31. from Bristol to Bath 11 J 75| \n\nDec. 17. toWoottonBassettRoad 16| 92 \n\nAug. 27. Resolution to create new shares of \xc2\xa320 \n\neach, to the amount of \xc2\xa3750,000. \n\n1841. Feb. 25. First dividend declared, at the rate of 3 per \n\ncent, per annum. The opening of the \n\nentire line anticipated in June of this \n\nyear. \nMay 31. Opening to Chippenham, additional 13J \n\nmiles, total 105 J. \nJune 30. Final opening from Chippenham to Bath, \n\nadditional distance 13 miles, total length \n\nof line from Paddington to Bristol 118 ~ \n\nmiles. \n\nThe Oxford branch of the Great Western Rail- \nway was opened June 12, 1844. It branches out \nof the main line at the Didcot station, about 53 \nmiles from London, and crosses the Thames twice \non its route to Oxford, a distance of about 10 miles. \nIts cost in making was upwards of \xc2\xa3150,000. \n\n\n\nBRISTOL AND EXETER RAILWAY.\xe2\x80\x94 \n\nThat portion of the Bristol and Exeter Railway- \nline extending from Bristol to Bridgwater, a dis- \ntance of thirty-three miles, was opened for the \n\n\n\nMODERN BRISTOL \xe2\x80\x94 RAILWAYS. 109 \n\nconveyance of passengers and goods on the 14th of \nJune, 1841 ; from Bridgwater to Taunton, July 1st, \n1842; from Taunton to Beam Bridge, May 1st, \n1843 ; and from Beam Bridge to Exeter, May 1st, \n1844. There are eleven stations between the above \ncities, at which the trains stop (special trains ex- \ncepted) to deliver and take in passengers, merchan- \ndize, &c. viz. Nailsea, Clevedon Road at Yatton, \nBanwell, Weston-super-Mare, (to which there is a \nbranch line) Highbridge, Bridgwater, Taunton, \nWellington, Tiverton Road, Collumpton, and Hele \nto Exeter. This line is now continued by the \nSouth Devon Railway to Plymouth, on the same \ngauge, and on the atmospheric principle. \n\n\n\nBRISTOL AND GLOUCESTER AND \nCOAL-PIT HEATH RAILWAY.\xe2\x80\x94 This Rail- \nway, which forms the connecting link between the \nnorth and west of England, was opened July 8, \n1844. Shortly after its opening it was amalgamated \nwith the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway, and \nsubsequently both were purchased by the Midland \nRailway Company, to pay the shareholders in the \nunited Birmingham and Bristol Companies at the \nrate of 6 per cent, per annum. There are six \nstations between Gloucester and Bristol, where the \ntrains stop to deliver and take in passengers, goods, \n&c. viz. Yate, Wickwar, Charfield and Wootton- \nunder-Edge, Dursley and Berkeley, Frocester and \nStonehouse to Gloucester. \n\n\n\n110 \n\n\xe2\x82\xaci)uvci)ti, (ffijapete, & otljtv places of UtirineSBorSirip. \n\n\n\nTHE CATHEDKAL, \n\n\n\nFORMERLY THE ABBEY OF ST. AUGUSTINE, OR MONASTERY OF BLACK \nREGULAR CANONS OF THE ORDER OF ST. VICTOR. \n\n\n\nThe ecclesiastical History of Bristol is highly interesting, but is \nnot a little confused through Chattertons inventions. To the \nBerkeley family, it seems, the chief foundations are owing ; \nothers of earlier date, to Robert Fitzhamon, Earl of Gloucester. \nThe reigning Earls of Gloucester, in the earliest periods, appear \nto have been Lords of Bristol Castle. Now Robert Fitzhamon \nwas founder of the Abbey of Tewkesbury, and his inferior en- \ndowments were all subject to that abbey ; that abbey was subject \nto the control of the Bishop of Worcester ; and hence, if these \ncircumstances be considered, many seeming discrepances can be \nreconciled. \n\nThe patronage of the livings of Christ Church, St. James, St. John \nBaptist, St Mark, St. Michael, St. Paul, St. Peter, St. Philip \nand Jacob, and Temple, was at the disposal of the Corporation \npreviously to the passing of the Municipal Corporation Act, the \nprovisions of which compelled them to sell it ; consequently the \npresentation to each is now in the hands of different private indi- \nviduals, together with St. Mary-le-Port, formerly in the gift of \nthe Duke of Buckingham. Four are in the gift of the Lord \nChancellor; viz. St. Stephen, St. Thomas, St. Mary Redcliff, \nand St. Werburgh : three in the gift of the Dean and Chapter ; \nviz. St. Augustine, St. Nicholas, and All Saints : and the new \nchurches, in the parishes of St. Augustine, Bedminster, Clifton, \nSt. James, St. Paul, and St. Philip and Jacob, are in the gift of \nTrustees, and of the Lord Bishop of the Diocese, $c. \n\nThe Cathedral was originally a Monastery, \ndedicated to St. Augustine, one of whose delegates, \nJordan, in 603, came to Bristol, as a missionary \n\n\n\nTHE CATHEDRAL. Ill \n\nfrom Rome, and was buried here. " Moreover/\' \nsays Mr. Seyer, in his Memoirs of Bristol, "I \nundertake to convince the reader, that not Jordan \nonly, but Austin himself also preached here, and \nthat his celebrated conference with the British \nbishops was holden on our College Green ; and I \nsuppose that the monastery afterwards built there \nreceived its name as a memorial of that transaction* \nAnd this I say without partiality for him whom we \ncall St Augustine, but induced by historical evi- \ndence alone." Again he says, " I know no place, \nthe name of which has any relation to this confer- \nence, except St. Augustine\'s Green, in Bristol, nor \nany place where a number of bishops from South \nWales would so conveniently meet as in Bristol. \nAnd nothing is more probable than that the pious \nfounder of the abbey gave it its name in memory \nof St. Augustine ; and that Harding, his father, \nnamed one of his sons Jordan, in memory of the \npreacher, Augustine\'s companion." \n\nSir Robert Fitzharding, a descendant of the \nKing of Denmark, created Earl of Berkeley by \nKing Henry II., began the foundation of the \nAbbey of St. Austin, in 1140, and built the church \nand all the offices in six years\' time; it was dedicated \nApril 11, 1148, the said Sir Robert laying on the \naltar various title-deeds of lands in Gloucestershire. \nHis tomb, a little to the east from the door, was \nrepaired in 1742; it is enclosed with rails, having \n\n\n\n112 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\ntwo sculptured figures of himself and Eva his wife. \nHere also lies Maurice/ 6 Lord Berkeley, aged \nthirty-seven, who died at Berkeley, 1368, of wounds \nreceived at the battle of Poictiers. He was \nwounded by a sword that passed through both his \nthighs. It is stated that he remained a year in \nPicardy, at the house of the squire that wounded \nhim, before he was well enough to return, and then \npaid six thousand nobles for his ransom. \n\nIn the period between its foundation and disso- \nlution, five and twenty abbots 37 are named in suc- \ncession ; among whom was the good John Newland, \nalias Nailheart, 38 who on account of his great \nabilities, was often employed by King Henry VII. \nin foreign embassies. He beautified this church, \n\n36 Barrett says it was Lord Thomas, son of Maurice, who was \nwounded at Poictiers. \n\n37 The last abbot, Morgan Guilliam ap Guilliam, was charged \nwith keeping six lewd women. \n\n38 His arms display a heart pierced with three nails, which \nmay be seen over the chancel of St. Augustine\'s church, to \nwhich it seems he was a benefactor. This device frequently \nappears among the ornaments of the cathedral; as does also \nthe annexed monogram. \n\n\n\n\n\nTHE CATHEDRAL. 113 \n\n\n\nand added many buildings to it ; wrote its history, \nand an account of the family of the Berkeleys, still \nin MS. 39 It is said that the apartments over the \nvery beautiful Saxon archway, leading to Lower \nCollege Green, were erected at his expense, as \nwell as one of the sculptured figures on the south \nside, designed to represent himself. An inscription \non this archway says that King Henry II. and \nLord Robert Fitzharding were conjointly the \nfounders of the Monastery. Their statues and \narms, and also those of Edward the Confessor and \nRichard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke, appear on \nthis archway, the latter two bearing in their hands \ntitle-deeds, and Lord Berkeley holding a model of \nthe building, Pembroke\'s arms are also embla- \nzoned at the high altar, together with those of \nLord Berkeley and Henry II. ; and hence it may \nbe inferred that there was some religious establish- \nment, which Edward the Confessor, and an Earl \nof Pembroke had endowed, previous to the splen- \ndid erection of Sir R. Fitzharding. \n\nChatterton makes Rowley say, "St. Austin\'s \nChapel: Thys freemied pyle ytte is uncouthe to \nsaie whom the same dyd ybuilde. But it mote \nnedes be eld ; sythence it was yn ruyn in the dayes \nof Wm. le Bartarde; The dribblette remaines wyll \nshewe its auncientrie and nice carvellynge. An \n\n39 In "Wood\'s Athense Oxon. vol. i. p. 639, is a long account \nof him. \n\nI \n\n\n\n114 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nauncient Bochord saieth Gooffrie a Norman car- \nveller dyd newe adorne the same in Edward \nConfessor\'s daies." To this account Barrett adds, \n" This chapel stood next the fine gate leading to \nthe Lower Green." \n\nThe gateway has been considered as the only \nvestige of the original structure ; and from its richly \nornamented arches, has attracted much notice. The \nchapter-house, however, and part of the cloisters, \nare evidently Saxon, and most likely coeval. There \nis a tradition that the western part was demolished, \nat the dissolution of monasteries, in Henry VIII.\'s \ntime, and the materials sold and disposed of, be- \nfore that King had determined to convert it into a \ncathedral and a bishop\'s see. But as there is no \nrecord to this effect, others have thought it was \nnever finished. The builders of churches gene- \nrally began at the altar or east part, which they \nused for religious services, till by degrees they \ncould complete the whole. Whether they stopped \nthis building after finishing the tower, is doubtful. \nIt is said that Edmund Knowles (who was abbot \ntwenty-six years) began building the present church \nanew from the ground in 1311, and that it was \ncompleted in 1363. There is great reason to \nbelieve that the building was actually finished, and \nextended one hundred feet more to the westward \nthan at present. A large stone, at the end of one \nof the garden walls, evidently points out the extent \n\n\n\nTHE CATHEDRAL. 115 \n\nof the whole building: and some remains of gothic \narches beyond the tower still show that the church \nwas once continued to the westward. \n\nKing Henry VIII. having created this a bishop\'s \nsee, 40 dedicated it to the Holy and undivided Trinity, \nand annexed the whole of the county of Dorset to \nits jurisdiction, (which was taken out of the see \nof Salisbury) part of Gloucestershire, and three \nchurches or chapels, formerly in the see of Wells, \nmaking in the whole two hundred and fifty-six \nparish churches and chapels. It is, however, one \nof the smallest cathedrals in England; but it has \na certain singularity in its interior construction, \nwhich produces a curious and picturesque effect. \nIt consists of a neat choir, fitted up in the gothic \norder, with part of the nave and the two side \naisles, all of equal height. Instead of arcs boutants, \nor flying buttresses, a complicated structure of \ncrossing arches occupies the roofs, and supports, \nin their stead, the side walls of the nave. We \nknow not of any other instance on this plan. \n\nThe portraits in stained glass represent, Thomas \nBaron Berkeley, ob. 1313 ; Maurice Baron Berke- \nley, ob. 1368; James Baron Berkeley, ob. 1464. \nIn the great east window are the arms of the chief \nnobility who were the partizans of Edward IV. \n\n40 This see is now joined to Gloucester, under one bishop, \nwho is named Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol; but the \ncounty of Dorset is restored to the see of Salisbury. \n\n\n\n116 CHILCQTT\'S BUISTOL GUIDE. \n\nThe first bishop was Paul Bush, of whom \nAnthony a Wood gives an account, vol. i. p. 99, \nThough our limits will not allow giving a regular \nlist of the bishops who have filled this see, in \nchronological order, yet we cannot omit to mention \nthe names of Seeker, Butler, and Newton, as among \nthe most eminent in the republic of letters, who \nhave presided over it. Bishop Warburton, author \nof the Divine Legation of Moses, was once dean \nof this cathedral. \n\nThe liberal endowments and revenues of this \nchurch were very much impaired in the time of \nQueen Elizabeth^ when for thirty-two years to- \ngether it had no bishop; but was all that time \nheld in commendam by the Bishops of Gloucester. \nIt was esteemed, previously to its being united with \nthe see of Gloucester, one of the least valuable \nbishoprics. \n\nWhen the bishop\'s palace was rebuilding, in \n1744, a parcel of plate fell through the floor in the \ncorner of one of the rooms, which by this accident \nwas found to be decayed, and occasioned the floors \nto be taken up ; and, to the surprise of the work- \nmen, an under-ground apartment was disclosed, \nwhich, from a great many human bones, and instru- \nments of iron being found there, appears to have \nbeen used for the punishment of the refractory and \ncriminals. At the same time was discovered a \nprivate passage to this dungeon, originally con- \n\n\n\nTHE CATHEDRAL. 117 \n\nstrueted with the edifice, being an arched way, \njust large enough for one person to pass at a time, \nmade in the thickness of the wall : one end termi- \nnated in the dungeon, and the other in an apart- \nment of the house, which to all appearance had \nbeen used as a court ; but both the entrances were \nwalled up, and so concealed, that no one could sus- \npect it to be any other than one solid thick wall. \n\nIn what is called the Elder Lady Chapel, and \nwhich contains the tomb of Fitzharding, a device \nappears, that has occasioned some comment ; while \nthe shepherd sleeps, a wolf is devouring the sheep ; \n\xe2\x80\x94 a ram meanwhile is playing a sort of fiddle, \nusing a remarkably long bow. Now the invention \nof the fiddlestick is dated whole centuries after the \ntime of building our church. 41 \n\n41 This account of the sculptured figures, still to be seen as \nabove quoted, has been repeatedly published, with a suggestion \nthat some important moral if not religious inference was in- \ntended by the design. Dr. Stukely, however, in his account of \nsimilar ornaments to be found in the cloisters of Magdalen \nCollege, Oxford, concludes them to be " whimsical figures, \nwhich serve to amuse the vulgar, but are only the licentious \ninventions of the mason:" just in the same light these ornaments \nin the Elder Lady Chapel may be regarded. There are several, \nwhich we will endeavour to particularise: the ram is playing \nhis ribble \xe2\x80\x94 but the shepherd asleep is nowhere to be seen \xe2\x80\x94 in \nhis stead an ape is perceived, (assuredly it is an ape) either \nplaying upon the syrinx, or else about to drink. In his left \nhand he bears a sort of thyrsus. These jolly companions may \nbe conceived to be a satire on the representations of Apollo and \n\n\n\n118 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nThe great east window is of stained, and the two \nwindows at each end of the side aisles are of \nenamelled glass, on which various pieces of scripture \nhistory are delineated ; these are said to have been \npresented by the celebrated Ellen Gwynne. \n\nThe ascent to the altar is by steps of black and \nwhite marble. The organ, which is said to be very \n\nBacchus (or Pan.) The animals below are more like a eat with \na mouse, than a wolf devouring sheep : at all events, they have \nno connection with the figure just mentioned, any more than \nthe fox and goose, in the other compartment, have to do with \nthe dwarf who is contending with an eagle. In short, they are \nno more than specimens of grotesque, (or arabesque) which is \nplainly evinced in another instance, where a ram or goat has \ngot the body of a rabbit or hare, suspended on a stick, thrown \nover his shoulder \xe2\x80\x94 the body of the goat terminates in a scroll or \nfoliage, as does also the thyrsus of the monkey before alluded \nto. There is another ape\'s head to be seen in the chapel. \n\n\n\n\nIn one of his letters to Horace Walpole, Chatterton says, \n" Nothing is so much wanted as a history of the violin: Rowley \nproves the use of the bow to be known to the Saxons,, and even \nintroduced by them." \n\n\n\nTHE CATHEDRAL. 119 \n\nexcellent, was built by subscription of the principal \ninhabitants of this city. Indeed, it has been ob- \nserved, that there is no other church in England, \nwhere the music of the organ, and the voices of the \nchoristers united, produce so grand and melodious \nan effect; creating in the soul those ecstasies of \nholy delight, which raise it in idea from earth to \nheaven, exulting in the purest adoration of praise \nand thanksgiving to the divine Creator. \n\nAbove the communion table, at the bottom of \nthe great east window, are a variety of painted \narms, with the letters W. B. interspersed, for Wil- \nliam Burton, the abbot, 43 who is said to have built \nthe altar-piece. On each side are two large shields \nof arms \xe2\x80\x94 King Henry II.\'s and Lord Berkeley\'s \non the right ; King Henry II.\'s and Clare\'s, Earl \nof Pembroke, on the left. In Several places in the \nchoir, are the letters T. W. twisted together in a \ncypher, which some suppose to have been placed \nthere in compliment to Cardinal Wolsey^but the \ntruth is, they were meant for Thomas Wright, who, \nin 1541, was appointed receiver-general of the \n\n42 His device is a tun, with a tree springing from the bung hole. \n\n43 This supposition arose, probably, from the appearance of \nthe cypher, having something like the strings and tassels usually \nattached to the hat of a cardinal. Wherever the cypher appears, \nit is accompanied by a remarkable sort of character, monogram, \nor merchant\'s mark, in which we think may be found H. K. T. W. \nand D. H. ; intended perhaps as a mystic memorial of the joint \nexertions of the above Thomas Wright and his royal master. It \n\n\n\n120 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nchapter, at their first foundation, and had the \nordering of their officers, and fitting up this church \nfor a cathedral; who took care to set up his cypher \nin all parts, as Abbots Newland and Elliott 44 had \ndone before him. \n\nIn 1683, George Williamson, B. D. sub-dean, \npresented a brass eagle to the cathedral, which was \nsold in 1802, for the alleged purpose of making an \naddition to the sacramental plate. It was pur- \nchased by William Ady, Esq. and presented by \nhim to the church of St. Mary-le-Port. \n\nIn 1712, John Rumsey, Esq. presented to this \nchurch a pair of large silver candlesticks, very \nhigh and weighty, which cost him one hundred \nand fourteen pounds. They were taken, in 1790, \nby the Duke and Duchess ships of war, in their \nexpedition to the South Seas, at Paita, by the \nfamous Captain Woodes Rogers. \n\nThe monuments in this cathedral are very numer- \nous and interesting, but our limits will only enable \nus to notice a few of the most striking. We will \n\nis worthy of notice, that in one of the side aisles, King Henry \nVIII.\'s arms are placed immediately between these two devices. \n\n\n\n\nV \n\n44 The arms of Elliott\xe2\x80\x94 in chief two mullets pierced* \n\n\n\n\nTHE CATHEDRAL. 121 \n\nbegin with those of Mrs. Draper, near the entrance, \n(said to be the Eliza of Sterne) for the beauty and \nsentiment of its sculpture, executed by Bacon ; \nand of Mary, the wife of the Rev. William Mason, \n(who died at the age of twenty-eight, March 27, \n1767) for its inimitable and affecting inscription. \nThe lines were written by the husband of the \ndeceased, and are known far and wide ; but as they \ncan never be too highly appreciated we repeat \nthem : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nTake, holy earth, all that my soul holds dear ; \n\nTake that best gift which heav\'n so lately gave ; \n\nTo Bristol\'s fount I bore with trembling care \n\nHer faded form ; she bow\'d to taste the wave, \n\nAnd died. Does youth, does beauty read the line ? \n\nDoes sympathetic fear their breasts alarm ? \n\nSpeak, dead Maria ; breathe a strain divine : \n\nE\'en from the grave thou shalt have power to charm. \n\nBid them be chaste, be innocent, like thee ; \n\nBid them in duty\'s sphere as meekly move ; \n\nAnd, if so fair, from vanity as free, \n\nAs \xc2\xa3rm in friendship, and as fond in love \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nTell them, though \'tis an awful thing to die, \n\n(Twas e\'en to thee) yet the dread path once trod, \n\nHeav\'n lifts its everlasting portals high, \n\nAnd bids " the pure in heart behold their God." \n\nJust within the rails, by the door, on the right \nof the entrance, is a neat marble monument, to the \nmemory of the Rev. Samuel Love, on which the \nfollowing epitaph is inscribed, from the pen of the \nlate Mrs. Hannah More : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n\n122 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nSacred to the Memory \nof the Rev. SAMUEL LOVE, A. M. \n\nFellow of Baliol College, Oxford, \n\nand one of the Minor Canons of this Cathedral, \n\nwho died October 18, 1773, Aged 29. \n\nWhen worthless grandeur nils the embellish\' d urn, \nNo poignant grief attends the sable bier ; \nBut when distinguish\' d excellence we mourn, \nDeep is the sorrow, genuine is the tear. \n\nStranger ! shouldst thou approach this awful shrine, \n\nThe merits of the honour\' d dead to seek ; \n\nThe friend, the son, the Christian, the divine, \n\nLet those who knew him, those who lov\'d him, speak. \n\nOh ! let them in some pause of anguish say, \nWhat zeal inspir\'d, what faith enlarg\'d his breast ; \nHow soon the unfetter\' d spirit wing\'d its way \nFrom earth to heaven \xe2\x80\x94 from blessing to be blest. \n\nThis monument is erected \nby some intimate friends of the deceased, \nas a testimony \nof his worth and of their esteem. \nAt the entrance of the south aisle is a small \nchapel built by the sixth Maurice, Lord of Berkeley, \ncalled the Lady Chapel, to distinguish it from \nthe Elder Lady Chapel in the north. In this \nchapel are three ancient tombs; on one is an in- \nscription to the memory of Sir Richard Newton \nand lady, of Barr\'s Court, in the County of Glou- \ncester, who died December 13th, 1444, and with \nhis lady lies interred beneath this monument. 45 \n\n45 This monument was defaced in the civil wars : it was \nrepaired by Mrs. Archer, a sister to Sir Michael Newton, of \nBarr\'s Court, in 1748. \n\n\n\nTHE CATHEDRAL. 123 \n\nOn another is a record to the memory of Sir Henry \nNewton, of Barr\'s Court, who died in 1599, and \nover the third tomb are two tablets commemorative \nof Sir John and his lady Grace. \n\nIn the same aisle is also a monument, by Chantry, \nto the memory of Mrs. Elwyn, wife of the late \nW. B. Elwyn, D. C. L. Resignation is por- \ntrayed in the person of a beautiful female figure, \nwith the following inscription : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nMariae uxori Carissimse \n\nanno setatis Vicesimo Quinto Ereptae, \n\nGulielmus Brame Elwyn, D. C. L. \n\ninfelicissimus posuit. \n\nOb : Die Martii XVIII. A. D. MDCCCXVIII. \n\nin Crypta Sti. Michaelis in hac urbe Ecclesise \n\nJacet Sepulta. \n\nOn entering the choir, from the southern aisle, \n\nthere is a stone in the pavement with the following \n\ninscription : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nH. S. \n\nReverendus admodum in Christo Pater \n\nJosephus Butler, LL. D. \n\nEEujus qui primo Dioeceseos \n\nDeinde Dunelmensis Episcopus. \n\nQualis quantusq. Vir erat \n\nSua libentissime agnovit iEtas ; \n\nEt siquid Prsesuli aut Scriptori ad famam valent \n\nMens altissima ingenii perspicacis et subacti Vis \n\nAnimusq. pius, simplex, candidus, liberalis, \n\nMortui haud facile evanescet Memoria. \n\nObiit Bathonise, \nXVI. KAL. Jul. A. D. MDCCLII. \n\n\n\n124 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nA few years since the sum of \xc2\xa3100 was raised \nby subscription for the purpose of erecting a more \nsuitable monument to so distinguished a divine \nand scholar. It is of fine Painswick stone, with \nwhite marble slabs for the reception of the follow- \ning inscription, from the pen of Mr. Southey ; \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nSacred \n\nto the memory of \n\nJOSEPH BUTLER, D.C.L. \n\ntwelve years Bishop of this Diocese, \n\nafterwards of Durham, \n\nwhose mortal remains are here deposited. \n\nOthers had established \n\nthe historical and prophetical grounds \n\nof the Christian Religion, \n\nand that sure testimony of truth which is found \n\nin its perfect adaptation to the heart of man. \n\nIt was reserved for him to develope \n\nits analogy to the Constitution and Course of Nature ; \n\nand laying his strong foundations \n\nin the depth of that great argument, \n\nthere to construct another and irrefragable proof: \n\nthus rendering Philosophy subservient to Faith, \n\nand finding in outward and visible things \n\nthe type and evidence of those within the veil. \n\nBorn, A. D. 1692 ; Died, 1752. \n\nThere is a finely-executed monument in the north \naisle, by our late townsman, E. H. Baily, It. A. A \nfemale figure, in a devotional posture, is kneeling \non a marble pedestal ; and on a tablet beneath is \ninscribed, \n\n\n\nTHE CATHEDRAL. 125 \n\nSacred to the memory of \nHarriet Isabella, wife of John Middleton, Esq. of Clifton, \nand daughter of John Venour, Esq. \nof Wellsbourne, in the county of Warwick, \nwho died on the 13th day of May, 1826, \nand whose remains \nwere interred in the burial ground of this church, \nby the side of her mother. \nShe was a woman of artless manners and unaffected piety, \nwhich were habitual, and supported her in the hour of dis- \nsolution. The calmness of her death, as an evidence of the \nsincerity of her religion, animates her surviving friends with \nthe consolatory hope that she is numbered among the blessed \nwhich die in the Lord. \n\nA neat marble monument has been erected to \nthe memory of the Eev. Dr. Gray, the last Bishop \nof this diocese previously to its being annexed to \nthe see of Gloucester. It is as follows : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nIn the burial ground adjoining to this Cathedral Church \nlie the remains of \n\nKOBEUT GRAY, D. D. \n\nSometime rector of Bishop Wearmouth, lately a prebendary of \nthe Cathedral church of Durham and Bishop of Bristol, \n\nWho died on the 28^ day of Sept. in the year of our Lord, 1834, \nin the 73rd year of his age and eighth of his consecration. \n\nDistinguished in the early part of his professional life by \nlearning and piety, \n\nHe was afterwards not less remarkable for an able discharge \nof the duties of the episcopal office, \n\nCombining with diligent attention to the ecclesiastical con- \ncerns and liberal support of the charities of his diocese, \n\n\n\n126 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nA zealous devotion to the general interests of the Established \n\nChurch. \nThis monument has been erected to his memory by the clergy \n\nand laity of this city and neighbourhood, \n\nIn testimony of the affection of his person, respect for his \n\nprinciples, and admiration of his firmness and fortitude. \n\nIn the cloisters lie the remains of that excellent \nnative artist and royal academician, Bird. \n\nA remarkably fine bust of Eobert Southey, the \npoet, by E. H. Bailey, R. A., has been recently \nplaced in one of the ancient monumental recesses \nin the north aisle, nearly opposite the back of the \nchoir pulpit. It is raised upon an octangular \npedestal of grey marble, with gothic panelling, \nand a boldly-moulded base and surbase. The \nbust is of beautiful white marble, and the shoulders \nare gracefully covered with broad-folded drapery. \nThe inscription on the dado of the pedestal is, \n\n33om in ^Bristol \nOctober IF., JOT&OTXXEF, \n\nBtetJ at lUstotcii \nJStarcf> XXS, JSnB&CMXICIlElL \n\nA singular story is told of a robin, which for \nfifteen years inhabited this cathedral, and received \nits subsistence from the hand of the verger. During \nthe time of divine service, it usually perched on one \nof the mitres of the organ, and accompanied the \nsolemnity with offering up its harmonious praise. \n\nThe following beautiful lines on this little do- \n\n\n\nTHE CATHEDRAL. 127 \n\nmestic songster were composed by the Rev. S. \nLove, whose epitaph, &c. we have noticed : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nSweet social bird ! whose soft harmonious lays \nSwell the glad song of thy Creator\'s praise, \nSay, art thou conscious of approaching ills ? \nFell winter\'s storms \xe2\x80\x94 the pointed blast that kills ? \nShunn\'st thou the savage north\'s unpitying breath ? \nOr cruel man\'s more latent snares of death ? \nHere dwell secure; here with incessant note, \nPour the soft music of thy trembling throat. \nHere, gentle bird, a sure asylum find, \nNor dread the chilling frost, nor boist\'rous wind. \nNo hostile tyrant of the feather\' cl race \nShall dare invade thee in this hallow\'d place ; \nNor, while he sails the liquid air along, \nCheck the shrill numbers of thy cheerful song. \nNo cautious gunner, whose unerring sight \nStops the swift eagle in his rapid flight, \nShall here disturb my lovely songster\'s rest, \nf Nor wound the plumage of his crimson breast. \nThe truant school-boy, who in wanton play, \nWith viscid lime involves the treach\'rous spray, \nIn vain shall spread the wily snare for thee, \nAlike secure thy life and liberty. \nPeace, then, sweet warbler, to thy flutt\'ring heart, \nDefy the rage of hawks, and foils of art ; \nNow shake thy downy plumes, now gladlier pay \nThy grateful tribute to each rising day ; \nWhile crowds below their willing voices raise, \nTo sing with holy zeal Jehovabus praise ; \nThou, perch\'d on high, shalt hear th\' adoring throng, \nCatch the warm strains, and aid the sacred song, \nIncrease the solemn chorus, and inspire \nEach tongue with music, and each heart with fire. \n\n\n\n128 \nST. MARY KEDCLIFF. 46 \n\n\n\n" Next Radcleve Chyrche, oh worke of hand of heaven ! \nWhere Canynges sheweth as an instrument, \nWas to mie besmarde 47 eyn syght newlie given ; \n\nTis past to blazon ytt to good contente ; \nYe that would fayne the fetyve48 buyldyng see, \nRepayre to Radcleve and contented be."\xe2\x80\x94 Rowley. \n\nThis church is dedicated to the Virgin Mary, \nand is built on a red sandy rock or clift, \xe2\x80\x94 from \nwhich it derives its name \xe2\x80\x94 with stone dug at \nDundry, about four miles and a half from Bristol. \nIt is allowed to be the finest parish church in Eng- \nland ; and is, as Chatterton calls it, " The pryde of \nBristowe and the Westerne Londe." To this \nstately edifice there are three principal entrances \nby a flight of steps of Purbeck stone, viz., a north, \n\n46 Both St. Mary Eedcliif and St. Thomas churches were \noriginally chapels to Bedminster, and now, together with Ab- \nbots\' Leigh, form but one vicarage. Mr. Britton, the architectural \nantiquarian, says, "The ecclesiastical history of Redcliff may \nbe considered peculiar, if not truly singular. It constitutes part \nof the parish of Bedminster ; it is in the diocese of Bristol, and \nis a prebend to the cathedral of Salisbury. This prebend com- \nprehends Bedcliif, with the parishes of Bedminster, Abbots\' \nLeigh, and St. Thomas ; yet the parochial regulations are held \ndistinct. The living of Bedminster is both a rectory and a \nvicarage ; and as prebend, the incumbent is patron of all the \nother livings. He is nominated by the Bishop of Salisbury. \nPrevious to the year 1247, Bedcliif and the Temple-fee were \nvested in the Knights Templars.\' \' \n\n47 Curious. 48 Beautiful. \n\n\n\n\n\\ \n\n\n\n> \n\n\n\n\n\'**- \n\n\n\n\\ \n\n\n\n\n\n\nST. MARY REDCLIFF 121) \n\nwest, and south door. The tower, which is richly \nornamented by a variety of carved work, is nearly \ntwo hundred feet in height, has a noble peal of ten \nbells, and formerly contained a lofty steeple. On \nviewing the outside of this church, its appearance \nis majestic and venerable ; and on entering it, its \nlofty vaulted roof, which is all of stone, and every \nwhere carved with devices and ornaments of curious \nworkmanship \xe2\x80\x94 its long middle aisle, terminated by \nthe chancel and the altar \xe2\x80\x94 its noble pillars, which \nare inimitably wrought into the most delicate \nmouldings \xe2\x80\x94 and indeed, the exquisite beauty and \nlightness of the whole fabric, excite feelings of ad- \nmiration and delight, and instinctively, as it were, \nawe the mind into a devotional feeling. \n\nThere are four palpable varieties of Christian \narchitecture in Redcliff church, manifesting as \nmany architects, and as many different times when \nthey were respectively designed and erected. The \ninner north porch, or vestibule, \xe2\x80\x94 the tower and \nspire, \xe2\x80\x94 the outer north porch, \xe2\x80\x94 the body of the \nchurch, with the lady chapel, and the south porch, \n\xe2\x80\x94 we feel assured were built successively ; and it \nis generally admitted, that an older church was \nremoved to give place to the present nave and \nchancel, with their aisles, and the transept. The \noldest of these members, L e> the vestibule, is of a \ndate between a. d. 1200 an 1230. "In 1207, \nLord Eobert de Berkeley granted to EeclclifTe \n\nK \n\n\n\n130 CHILCOTT\'s BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nchurch, at the request of William, the chaplain, \nhis fountain of water from Huge Well, for the \nfriars of St. John the Baptist in Redcliffe." Lands \nwere conferred on the same church, about that \ntime, plainly shewing that there was one then in \nthe parish. The tower and spire we may safely \nrefer to the reign of Edward I., as corresponding \nwith known specimens of that age. According to \nthe chronicles of Bristol, Simon de Burton, who \nwas mayor in 1293, " began to build the church of \nSt. Mary de Redcliffe, when John Lamyngton was \nchaplain :" (Evans\'s Chronological Outline). Seyer, \nin his " Memoirs of Bristol," (vol. II. p. 77) from \nMS. calendar, more cautious and particular, says, \n" It was about the year 1293 or 1294, that Simon \nde Bourton, a person of wealth and consequence, \nwho was mayor of Bristol in that year, and bore \nthe same office six times, built the church of St. \nMary B-edcliffe, where the eastern end now is." \nHere we find it positively stated by one writer , \nthat the church was built, and by another that it \nwas begun, at the above date. Britton says, " it is \nquite clear that no part of the present church is so \nearly as 1294. That the greater portion of it is to \nbe ascribed to Wm. Canynge, Junr., may be safely \ninferred by the testimony of written documents, \nand the architectural features of the building; \nand that the Staffords, Berkeleys, Beauchamps, \nMontacutes, and others, contributed towards the \n\n\n\nST. MARY KEDCL1FF. 131 \n\nbuilding there can be no doubt, from their armorial \nbearings and devices being placed on many of the \nbosses of the ceiling." \n\nBarrett (p. 570) says the church was probably \nnot finished before the year 1396, which is more \nthan a century after it was commenced by Burton. \nThis conclusion of Barrett arose, perhaps, from the \ndifficulty of making rapid progress in great under- \ntakings at so early an era, as well from the want of \nmoney and efficient workmen, as from the many \ndifficulties arising from the elaborate and ornamental \nnature of the Gothic workmanship employed in this \nchurch. But the principal reason for believing that \nthe building was not finished till the above date is, \nthat several wills, dated about the year 1380, state \nthat money was left " for the fabric, and towards \nrepairing the church of Redcliff;" and among \nothers, the will of John Muleward contains a gift \nin money " ad opus Beatce Maria de Radcleve" \nwhich Barrett justly regards as a proof that the \nwork was going on at that time. \n\nWyrcester bestowed upon the examination of \nthis singularly fine church, more of his care and \ntime than upon any of the rest ; and his mensura- \ntion will be found to be more generally corres- \npondent with the modern. The following very \nminute and mason-like account was probably com- \nmunicated by Norton, the master-mason, who is \nmentioned as having been consulted by our author. \n\n\n\n132 CHILCOTT\'s BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\n" The tower of Redclyff contains a diameter of \n23 by 24 feet. Its height is 120 feet, and with the \nspire, as it now remains broken by a storm, is 200 \nfeet high. The diameter, at the top of the fracture, \nis 16 feet, and it has eight panes or sides. Every \nstone at the beginning of the spire is two feet thick, \nbut at the top of the fracture only four inches. The \ndiameter of the c garlonde\' [the parapet round the \nsummit] where the cross is placed, is eleven feet. \nThickness of the walls at the foundation is seven \nfeet, and five at the top of the tower. \n\n" The dimension or proportion most artificially \nwrought in freemason work of the western porch \nof Redclive church. Width seven feet, height nine \nfeet. The square in the dome. \' The west dore \nfretted yn the hede with great gentise and smale, \nand fytted with entayle, with a double moolde, \ncostly don and wrought.\' \n\n" These four proportions in both. A champ \nashlar [a water-table] of ashlar-work; a cors, wyth \nan arch buttant [a flying-arch] ; a botterasse. A \nbody boterasse [a buttress against a wall], and a \ncorner botterass." \n\nHe likewise measured the interior, with Norton, \nthe master-mason. \n\n" The whole length of the church of St. Mary \nRedclive is 63 yards, exclusive of Our Lady\'s \nchapel. The breadth is 18 yards; total 231 feet. \nThe said chapel 13 yards, one foot and a half by \n21 feet. \n\n\n\nST. MARY KEDCLIFF. 133 \n\n" The length of the first gate or north porch is \nseven yards, and the chapel continued from the \ngate of entrance, is six yards more. \n\n"The height of the arched and fretted vault \n(voltse frettse archuatse) of the nave and aisles, and \nlikewise the aisles of the transept from north to \nsouth, is 80 steps from the ground, from informa- \ntion given me by the plumber, on the 7th of Sept. \n1480, each step containing eight inches at least. \nThe length of the transept 67 paces. The aisles \nare 26 paces. The chapel of the north porch con- \ntains in circumference 44 yards, and is ornamented \nwith the statues of the kings, (cum ymaginibus \nregum operatis subtiliter in opere de freestone.) \n\n" Between each pillar and arch there is a space \nof 10 feet. The transept has eight arches : every \nwindow in the 6 ovyr-storye\' has five glazed divi- \nsions, and is 10 feet wide ; and those in each aisle \nhave three. There were six bells in the tower, \nthe largest of which weighed 70241b. avoirdupois, \nand the smallest 13001b. weight. \n\n" The ( sevaree\' [square space] between every \ntwo windows opposite of the nave, is 22 ft. by 16." \n\nIn the years 1445-6, about St. Paul\'s tide, 100 \nfeet of the steeple were thrown down during a \nviolent storm of thunder and lightning, and falling \nupon the body of the church, it became almost a \nruin. To the " everlasting prayse" of that worship- \nful man William Canynge, who undertook to repair, \n\n\n\n134 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nenlarge, and beautify the edifice, founded by his \nancestors, we behold this fine church nearly all \ncomplete. The steeple was not rebuilt ; \xe2\x80\x94 a fortu- \nnate circumstance, perhaps, since the lightning, but \na few years since, dislodged some large stones from \nthe top of the tower. \n\nThe organ, erected in a stone gallery at the west \nend of the middle aisle, measures in height, from \nthe ground to the top of the middle pinnacle, fifty- \nthree feet, contains upwards of one thousand speak- \ning pipes, and is for compass and richness of tone \nrarely equalled. A beautiful gothic screen to the \nfront of the gallery, corresponding in architectural \ncharacter to the whole building, was erected in \n1841, chiefly by the spirited exertions of Mr. W. \nRinger, one of the then churchwardens. \n\nSir \xc2\xa5m. Penn. 49 \xe2\x80\x94 Over his monument were \nthree long streamers and a suit of armour, which \nwas worn by Admiral Sir William Penn, of Bristol, \nfather of "William Penn the Quaker, the founder \n\n49 In September, 1845, the remains of "William, the great \ngrandson of Sir William Penn, was removed from London and \ninterred in the same vault with his relative, according to his \nown direction. To accomplish this it was necessary to raise \nthe effigies of Sir William, when it was discovered that the \nlid of the coffin was loose, and the body was consequently \nexposed to view, but the face was so decomposed that no \nfeature could be traced. The corpse appeared to be about 5 feet \n8 inches in length, and was that of a stout person. Sir William \nwas buried in the year 1670, at the age of 49. \n\n\n\nST. MARY REDCLIFF. \n\n\n\n135 \n\n\n\nof Pennsylvania, in the United States of North \nAmerica. \n\nIn the cross aisle is a large brazen eagle, formerly \nused as a reading desk: the gift of Mr. James \nWathen, of this parish, pin maker. \n\nThe altar is decorated with a picture by Tres- \nham, presented by Sir Clifton Wintringham, Bart, \nin 1792 ; the subject is Jesus raising the daughter \nof Jairus to life, beside three others by Hogarth. \n\nThe floor of the chancel is laid with black and \nwhite marble, and the altar is approached by steps \nof the same material. The altar and chancel were \nrepaired in 1757. \n\nThe church was newly pewed and beautified by \nbrief, in 1709. It was again repaired, and the pin- \nnacles on the south side rebuilt in 1796. Seep. 147. \n\nIn one of the windows of the north transept are \nsome fragments of ancient stained glass, which ap- \npear coeval with the church. On one piece six \nwomen in a boat are represented, possibly alluding \nto a particular event connected with the church. \nThere are also some diagrams, arms, and letters, \nwhich probably mark certain benefactors who con- \ntributed towards finishing the fabric. Figures of \nthe virgin and child, with crowns on their heads, \nare comparatively perfect. \n\nIn the same transept is the baptismal font now \nin use. It is of white marble, beautifully con- \nstructed, wrought, and polished : the floor on which \n\n\n\n136 CHILCQTX\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nit is placed is elevated, paved also with marble, \nand enclosed with mahogany rails. The font was \npurchased in 1755 for \xc2\xa3171. \n\nThe gothic architecture of the northern porch has \nbeen much admired. It contains some little pillars \nof stone called Dumb Organs, which when struck \nhave some resemblance in sound to that instrument. \n\nThere is a large bone preserved at the west end \nof the church, which is said to have been a rib of \nthe dun cow, slain by Guy, Earl of Warwick ! ! \n\nThe mayor and corporation go in procession to \nthis church on Whit-Sunday; on which day it was \nthe ancient custom to strew the pavement in the \nsacred edifice with rushes. \n\nThis vicarage is connected with Abbots\' Leigh, \nBedminster, and St. Thomas ; and is in the gift of \nthe Dean and Chapter of Salisbury, of which \ncathedral the present incumbent is a prebendary. \n\nThe revenues of this church were much wasted \nduring the commonwealth: not only the church \nestates, but the structure itself did not escape the \nravage ; the populace tore down many of its orna- \nments, and all the lofty pinnacles round the church \nwhich were curiously carved, and added much to \nits external beauty \xe2\x80\x94 while on the inside they stole \nthe brass plates from the monuments, broke down \nthe fine organ, and getting together the prayer- \nbooks and homilies, and even the bibles, cushions, \ncassocks, &c. they made a bonfire of them, as the \n\n\n\nST. MARY 11EDCL1FF. 137 \n\nfuneral pile of the church ; and parading with \nstreamers made of the surplices cut into flags, and \ntooting upon the organ pipes, they marched in \ntriumph through the streets. \n\nIt has been said, that during the civil wars the \nchurch was garrisoned, and had a battery of cannon \nplaced upon its walls. \n\nAt the southern extremity of the transept are \nsome monuments of peculiar interest ; of which the \nfirst is a plain altar-tomb, supporting the recumbent \nfigure of a priest in sacerdotal robes, with a large \nscrip, or pocket, attached to the left side. An \nangel is placed at his head, and a dog, with a large \nbone in his paws, at his feet. There is no inscrip- \ntion upon it, to mark decidedly the person to whose \nmemory this monument has been erected. Mr. \nCole states it to be a third tomb of \xc2\xa5m. Canynge; \ntradition, however, assigns it to his purse-bearer \nor treasurer. \n\nUnder a large canopy, beneath the centre win- \ndow, is an altar-tomb of stone, supporting the re- \ncumbent effigies of William Canynge, 50 and Joan \n\n\n\nio h y[ r Lort mentioned, that calling on the Bishop of Nor- \nwich, and talking with his lordship on the great qualification of \nMr. Canynges, his merits to the town of Bristol, and the kingdom \nin general \xe2\x80\x94 the Bishop made answer, that if he had not pre- \nvented it, the inhabitants of that grateful parish had thrown out \nthe monument of its so worthy benefactor ! ! ! " \xe2\x80\x94 Gentleman\'s \nMagazine, August, 1806." \n\n\n\n138 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nhis wife. The first is dressed in mayor\'s robes, \nand the second according to the fashion of the \ntimes. The inscription on the back of this tomb \nis as follows :\xe2\x80\xa2 \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nMr. William Cannings ye Richest \nMarchant of ye town of Bristow \nAfterwards chosen 5 times Mayor of \nye said town : for ye good of ye Comon \nWealth of ye same : He was in order \nOf Priesthood 7 years : & afterwards \nDean of Westbury, & died ye 7th of \nNovem. 1474 which said William \ndid build within ye said towne of \nWestbury a Colledge (with his \nCannons) & the said William did main- \ntain by space of 8 years, 800 \nhandy crafts men, besides carpen- \nters and Masons, every day 100 Men \nBesides King Edward the 4th had of ye \nsaid William 3000 Marks 51 for his peace \nTo be had in 2470 tons of Shiping \nthese are ye names of his Shiping with \n\ntheir burdens \n\n\n\nonnes. tonnes. \n\n400 yeMaryBatt 220 \n\n500 ye Little Nicholas 140 \n\n900 ye Margaret 200 \n\n150 ye Catherine Boston . . 22 \n\n140 A Ship in Ireland 100 \n\n51 The case was this, King Edward IV. having his necessities \namply supplied by Mr. Canynge, granted him. in lieu thereof \ntwo thousand four hundred and seventy tons of shipping, free \nof all impost, as appears by the original instrument, now in \nthe exchequer. \n\n\n\nye Mary Canynges \nye Mary RedclhT . . \nye Mary and John \n\nye Galliot \n\nye Katherine \n\n\n\nST. MARY REDCLIFF. \n\n\n\n139 \n\n\n\nNo age nor time can wear out well-woon fame \n\nthe Stones themselves a stately work doth shew \n\nfrom fenceless graue we ground may men\'s good name \n\nAnd noble minds by ventrous deeds we know \n\nA Lanterne cleer sets forth a candle light \n\nA worthy act declares a worthy wight \n\nthe buildings rare that here you may behold \n\nto shrine his Bones deserves a tomb of gold \n\nthe famous Fabricke that he here hath donne \n\nShines in its sphere as glorious as the Sonne. \n\nWhat needs more words, ye future World he sought \n\nAnd set ye pompe and pride of this at nought \n\nheaven was his aim, let heaven be still his station \n\nthat leaves such work for others imitation. \n\nIn this monument, which is painted throughout, \nMaistre Canynges is represented in his magisterial \nrobes. There is also another monument to his \nmemory, of white marble, where he is attired in \nthe priestly habit as Dean of Westbury. \n\nOf Maistre Canynges, Rowley tells us the follow- \ning amiable anecdote : \xe2\x80\x94 King Henry VI. offered \nMaistre Canynges the right of coining, which he \nrefused; whereupon Galfridus Ocamlus, who was \nwith Maystre Canynges and myself, said, " Naie, \nbie St. Paul\'s Crosse, hadde I such an offre I would \ncoyne lead, and make ne law hyndrynge hinds \ntaking it." " No doubt," said Maystre Canynges, \n" but youd dispende heaven to gette goulde, but I \ndispende gould to gette heaven." \n\nNot far from the monument of Mr. Canynge is \nthe following inscription, in old characters, on a flat \n\n\n\n140 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nstone :\xe2\x80\x94 " Hie jacet Gulielmus Coke in servitiis \nWillielmi Canynge cujus animae propitietur Deus." \nA large knife and skimmer are engraved on this \nstone; by which it would appear that he was \nCanynge\'s cook. \n\nThere is another monument near the above : \xe2\x80\x94 \n" Hie jacet Johannes Blecker, pandoxator, cujus \nanimae propitietur Deus." This was probably \nanother servant, the brewer to Canynge. \n\nAttached to a column, in the south transept, is \na small marble tablet, commemorative of Maria, \nwife of W. Barrett, F.S.A., Surgeon, and author \nof the History and Antiquities of Bristol. \n\nSir Joan Inyn Miles, 1439. \xe2\x80\x94 In St. Mary\'s \nChapel, on a flat stone, is the figure of a man, in \nJudge\'s robes, engraved on a brass plate; the folds, \nwhich appear turned up, are done in a different \nmetal, to represent the lining of the vestments. \nOn the margin is inscribed \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n" Hie jacet Johannes Inyn Miles capitalis justiciarius \nDomini regis ad placita coram ipso rege tenenda, qui obiit \nxxiiii die Marcii, Anno Domini Millesimo cccc.xxxix. \ncujus animae propitietur Deus. Amen." \n\nUnder the figure are these lines : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nJuste Deus paciens judex miserere Johannis \nInyn qui jus faciens Miles fuit ejus in annis : \nUrbe recordator fuit hac Baro scac\'oque \nSummus, et in banco judex capitalis utroque \n\n\n\nST. MARY REDCLIFF. 141 \n\nJustitiam valuit connexam cu~ pietate, \nMilitiam coluit subnixam nobilitate : \nJuste J~hx fortis Miles jam propitiatus \nEsto, fores mortis sibi claudae remitte reatus. \n\nUnderneath are his arms. \n\nIn the north transept is a handsome mural mar- \nble monument, erected in 1835, by subscription, \nwith the following inscription : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nSacred \n\nTo the Memory of \n\nNATHANIEL BRIDGES, D. D. \n\nVicar of Willoughby and Hatton, [Warwickshire] \n\nand for 28 years \n\nLecturer of this Parish. \n\nHe died the 17th July, 1834, \n\naged 86 years. \n\nIn him were combined \n\nThose inestimable qualities \n\nwhich \n\nRender social intercourse delightful \n\nand make public ministrations a blessing. \n\nGospel simplicity, deep uniform piety, \n\nunremitting zeal \nfor the spiritual interests of the people, \n\nand unbounded benevolence, \nwere his distinguishing characteristics. \n\nFirmly attached \n\nto the established Church of England, \n\nhe yet rose superior to party prejudices, \n\nand loved all who loved his Master. \n\nIn him \n\nThe church of Christ \n\nHas lost a faithful, laborious, \n\nand successful minister \n\n\n\n142 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nMarble will moulder, monuments decay, \nTime sweeps memorials from the earth away ; \nBut lasting records are of Bridges given, \nThe date eternity, the archives heaven, \nThere living tablets, with his worth engraved, \nStand forth for ever in the souls he saved. \n\nAgainst a pillar to the right of the organ loft, \nand facing the south door, on a marble tablet, is \nthe following inscription : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nTo the Memory of \nSIR FRANCIS FREELING, BARONET, \n\nwho was born in this parish, August 25th, 1764, \n\nand who diedatBryanston Square, in the county of Middlesex, \n\non the 10th of July, 1836. \n\nFor more than half a century \n\nhis life was devoted to the public service, \n\nin the \n\nGENERAL POST OFFICE, \n\nin which, for thirty-eight years, he discharged the arduous \n\nduties of Secretary. \n\nBy unwearied industry \n\nin the employment of great talents, \n\nand by unblemished integrity, grounded upon \n\nChristian principles ; \n\nhe acquired and retained the favour of \n\nthree successive sovereigns, \n\nand the approbation of the public. \n\nHe has left a name \n\nwhich will be remembered with honour, \n\nin his birth place, \n\nand which is cherished with affection and veneration \n\nby his children, \n\nwho have raised this monument. \n\n\n\nST. MARY REDCLIFF. l4o \n\nThere is a small marble slab at the north-east \nangle of the transept, on which is inscribed the \nfollowing lines from the pen of Mrs. H. More, to \nthe memory of Mrs. Fortune Little, late of this \nparish, who died June 28, 1777, aged 57 : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nOh ! could this verse her bright example spread, \nAnd teach the living while it praised the dead : \nThen, reader, should it speak her hope divine ; \nNot to record her faith, but strengthen thine ; \nThen should her every virtue stand confess\' d, \n\'Till every virtue kindled in thy breast : \nBut, if thou slight the monitory strain, \nAnd she has liv\'d to thee at least in vain, \nYet let her death an awful lesson give ! \nThe dying Christian speaks to all that live ; \nEnough for her, that here her ashes rest, \n\'Till God\'s own plaudit shall her worth attest. \n\nThe lovers of the sublime and beautiful in art, \nand the connoisseurs in ecclesiastical architecture, \nhave now an opportunity of visiting this splendid \nold edifice free of any charge whatever, as it has been \nthrown open to the public by order of the vicar \nand churchwardens ; and it will give those visitors, \nwho with a feeling of sorrow witness the breaches \nwhich time has made here, an opportunity of \nvoluntarily contributing, according to their means, \nto its repairs. \n\nSome very ancient grave stones and monumental \nbrasses have been discovered in the churchyard, in \nthe course of lowering the ground round the church. \n\n\n\n144 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nThe Chatterton memorial, lately erected by sub- \nscription, and placed in the enclosed spot at the \nnorth-west angle of the churchyard, between the \ntower and the north porch, was removed in the \nbeginning of the year 1846, for the purpose of \nlevelling the ground ; and at present no place has \nbeen chosen for its re-erection. \n\nTo those who are unread in the Rowleyan \ncontroversy, the following brief account of the \ndiscovery of the MSS. cannot fail to be acceptable. \nOver the north porch there is a kind of muniment \nroom, in which were deposited six or seven chests ; \none of which, in particular, was called Mr. Canynges\' \ncofre, and about the year 1727, a notion prevailed \nthat some title-deeds and other writings of value \nwere contained in it. An order of vestry was in \nconsequence made, that the chest should be opened, \nunder the inspection of an attorney; and that those \nwritings which appeared to be of value should be \nremoved to the south porch of the church. The \nlocks were therefore forced, and not only the prin- \ncipal chest, but the others also, which were supposed \nto contain writings, were all broken open. The \ndeeds immediately relating to the church were re- \nmoved, and the other manuscripts were left exposed \nas of no value. Considerable depredations had \nbeen committed upon them by different persons , \nbut the most insatiate of these plunderers was the \nfather of Chatterton, who though a schoolmaster, \n\n\n\nST. MARY REDCLIFF. 145 \n\nnevertheless was ignorant of their value or of their \ncontents. The sexton of St. Mary Reclcliff, being \na relative, gave him free access to the church, \nwhence he carried off, from time to time, parcels \nof the parchments : and one time alone, with the \nassistance of his boys, is known to have filled a \nlarge basket with them. They were deposited in \na cupboard in the school, and employed for differ- \nent purposes, such as the covering of copy books, \n&c. At his death, the widow, (then pregnant with \nour unfortunate poet) being under the necessity of \nremoving, carried the remainder of them to her \nnew habitation. Some years elapsed : young Chat- \nterton was put to school, but returned to his mother \n" as a dull hoy, incapable of improvement" He \nafterwards gained admission into Colston\'s Charity \nSchool ; on leaving school he was articled to Mr, \nLambert, an attorney. About this time, whilst on \na visit to his mother, one of these parchments, \nwhich had been converted into a thread paper, \ncaught his eye ; and his attention being arrested \nwith the appearance of the characters, he began to \nquestion his mother what those thread papers were; \nhow she got them, and whence they came. Upon \nfurther inquiry, he was led to a full discovery of \nall the parchments which remained; the bulk of \nthem consisted of poetical and pother compositions, \nby Mr. Canynges, and a particular friend of his, \nThomas Rowley, whom Chatterton at first called \n\n\n\n146 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\na monk, and afterwards a secular priest of the \nfifteenth century. Such at least appears to be the \naccount which Chatterton thought proper to give, \nand which he wished to be believed. It is, indeed, \nconfirmed by the testimony of his mother and \nsister: they say that he was perpetually ransacking \nevery corner of the house for more parchments, \nand carried away those he had already found by \npockets full : that one day happening to see Clarke\'s \nHistory of the Bible covered with one of these \nparchments, he was very angry, and stripping the \nbook, put the cover into his pocket and carried it \naway ; at the same time stripping a common little \nbible, but finding no writing upon the cover, he \nreplaced it again very leisurely. Perrot, the old \nsexton, who succeeded Chatterton\'s great uncle, \naccompanied Mr. Shiercliff, a miniature-painter \nof Bristol, in 1749, through Eedclrff Church, \nshowed him in the north porch a number of parch- \nments, some loose and some tied up, and intimated \n" that there were things there which would one \nday be better known, and that in proper hands \nthey might prove a treasure." \n\nThe city authorities have lately removed all the \nold houses by which the view of this beautiful edi- \nfice to the north and north-east was completely \nobscured, and enclosed the ground belonging to \nthe church with iron rails. They have also caused \nthe dangerous hill to be levelled, and built a new \n\n\n\nST. MARY REDCLIFF. 147 \n\nstreet (Phippen Street), connecting RedclifF with. \nThomas Street. Meanwhile the parish authorities \nhave not been idle ; they have issued a very spirited \nappeal, drawn up by Messrs. Britton and Hosking, \nfor the complete restoration of the tower and church \nto their pristine architectural elegance. To ac- \ncomplish this upwards of \xc2\xa340,000 will be necessary. \nThis appeal has produced a subscription list of \nnearly \xc2\xa37,000, and the Committee of Eestoration \nhave proceeded in their undertaking \xe2\x80\x94 by lowering \nthe ground round the church to the depth of from \ntwo to four feet ; which being accomplished, the \nceremony, which was a very imposing one, of \nlaying the foundation stone of the restoration in \nthe eastern part of this venerable structure, took \nplace on Tuesday, April 21, 1846. \n\nThe inscription on the stone reads thus : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nTHIS STONE \n\nIN \n\nRestoration \n\nOF ST. MARY REDCLIFF CHURCH, \n\nwas laid on the 21st day of April, A. D. 1846, by the \n\nRIGHT WORSHIPFUL JOHN KERLE HABERFIELD, Esquire, \n\nTHREF. TIMES MAYOR OF BRISTOL, ASSISTED BY THE \n\nANCIENT SOCIETY OF FREE MASONS, \n\nThe Right Worshipful Henry Shute, Esq., Provincial Grand Master, \nThe Right Worshipful William Done Bushell, Esq., Deputy \n\nProvincial Grand Master, \nIn the presence of the Clergy, Corporation, and Citizens of Bristol. \nMartin Richard Whish, A. M., Vicar. \nThomas Proctor, Chairman of the Restoration Committee. \n\nJohn Warry, Junr.,) Churchwardens , \nJohn Hare, > \n\nJohn Br.tton, F^A > Archi(ecbi \nGeoege Godwin, F. R. S., > \n\n\n\n148 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nALL SAINTS, \n\nOTHERWISE ALL-HALLOWS, \n\nStands nearly opposite the Council House. Of \nthe great antiquity of the original building there \ncan be no doubt, since it is on record that in 1066 \nHardinge, who was then governor of Bristol, re- \nmoved the Kalendaries 53 from Christ Church to \nAll Saints, where they kept their records for ages. \n\n53 A guild or fraternity, calling themselves Kalendaries, re- \nmarkable, first, for being the only society of the name on record ; \nand, secondly, as a coalition of the clergy and laity, whose ob- \nject was to record events and preserve the necessary documents, \nexisted here, some say before the year 700 ! ! They met the first \nMonday in every month, but their labours, alas ! are lost to \nsociety by reason of a most unfortunate fire in 1466, which de- \nstroyed a valuable library, and other documents they had from \ntime to time collected, "through the carelessness of a drunken \npoint maker :" but Robert Ricaut, a kalendary and town clerk \nhere (18th K. Edw. IV.) did " devise, ordain, and make for a \nremembratif ever hereafter," by command of the then mayor, \n(Spencer) " the Maire of Bristowe is register, orellis the Maire is \nkalendar" which is now carefully preserved in the town clerk\'s \noffice. It is a thick folio, in good preservation, well written, \npartly on vellum and partly on paper, ornamented with rude \nportraits of the kings, and several other paintings of the same \nkind. About the beginning of Henry VII.\' s reign the hand- \nwriting changes, and the chronicle is continued by different \npersons nearly to the present time. Beside the calendar, it \ncontains the form of choosing the mayor, &c. with the ceremo- \nnies and oaths used on that occasion, which is the most valuable \npart of the book, and a very curious painting representing the \nceTemony. Several other chronicles, containing many local \n\n\n\nALL SAINTS. \n\n\n\n149 \n\n\n\nIn equal obscurity as to date is the erection of \nthe present structure; but most probably it was \nimmediately after the fire in 1466, which destroyed \nthe library and the greatest portion of the old \nchurch. The present church was repewedin 1757. \nThe tower, which is remarkable for the cupola, \nball, and cross, that surmount it, was begun in \n1716, and finished in 1721, at a cost of \xc2\xa3589, \nraised by voluntary subscription. \n\nThe church of All Saints was early appropriated \nto the monastery of St. Augustine, and continued \nunder its patronage till the Reformation, at which \ntime the Dean and Chapter became its patrons, and \nhave continued so ever since. It is divided into \nthree aisles. The compartments of the pulpit are \nmost elaborately carved with a crown, angels\' \nheads, trumpets, &c. \n\nPreviously to the dissolution, this church con- \ntained several altars, which were particularly rich \nin their crucifixes, both of gold and silver, adorned \nwith rubies and other precious stones. Rich vest- \nments also of velvet, silk, gold and silver fringes, \n\n\n\nevents, mixed up with general records, are to be found in \nBristol, in private hands ; these have been well examined, and \nheir contents published. \xe2\x80\x94 See "The Calendars of Al-Hal- \nlowen, [Ail Saints] Bristowe. An Attempt to elucidate some \nPortions of the History of the Priory, or Fraternitie of Calendars, \n&c, by the Rev. Henry Rogers, M. A., Vicar of that church," \njust published. \n\n\n\n150 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nmass books, curtains, and other relics of great value, \nbelonged to this church. Upwards of 423 ounces \nof plate, consisting of crosses, censers, chalices, \npatens, bells, &c. were taken from it at the general \npillage of religious houses, in 1549, and removed \nto the mint, where it was coined into money. \n\nThe altar piece, " The Salutation of the Virgin, 55 \nwas painted by Simmons. \n\nThe monuments here are numerous and interest- \ning : but our space will only allow us to copy that \nto the memory of Edward Colston, Esq. by Eys- \nbrach. The inscription enumerates his public \ncharities \xe2\x80\x94 to mention which may well exclude all \nfurther panegyric. \n\n1691 An Almshouse on St. Michael\'s Hill, for twelve \n\nMen and twelve Women \xc2\xa38500 \n\nSix Sailors to be maintained in the Merchants\' \n\nAlmshouse, King Street 600 \n\n1696 A School for forty Boys, in Temple Street 3000 \n\n1702 Rebuilding Boys\' Hospital, in College Green .... 500 \n\nFor adding six Boys thereto . . 1500 \n\nAnd to the Mint Workhouse 400 \n\n1708 A Hospital for a Master, two Ushers, a Catechist, \n\nand one hundred Boys, on St. Augustine\'s Back 40,000 \n\nFor the Apprenticing of Boys 1200 \n\nTo several Charity Schools \xc2\xa310 each, per annum, when \nliving, and for twelve years after his death. \n\nTo repairing of different Churches in Bristol 1230 \n\nFor reading prayers at All Saints every Monday and \n\nTuesday Morning 140 \n\nFor twelve Sermons at Newgate 120 \n\nFor fourteen Sermons in Lent 400 \n\n\n\nALL SAINTS. 151 \n\nIX LONDON. \n\nTo St. Bartholomew\'s Hospital \xc2\xa32500 \n\nTo Christ Church Hospital 2000 \n\nTo St. Thomas\'s Hospital 500 \n\nTo Bethlehem Hospital 500 \n\nTo the New Workhouse, without Bishopsgate 200 \n\nTo the Society for propagating the Gospel 300 \n\nTo the Company of Mercers 100 \n\nIN SURREY. \n\nAt Sheen. \xe2\x80\x94 An Almshouse for six poor Men built and \n\nendowed. \nAt Mortlake. \xe2\x80\x94 Clothing and educating twelve Boys and \n\ntwelve Girls 900 \n\nTo eighty-five poor people at his death 85 \n\nIN LANCASHIRE. \n\nTowards Building a Church in Manchester 20 \n\nTo eighteen Charity Schools in several parts of England, \n\nfor many years after his death, \xc2\xa390 per annum. \nTo the augmentation of sixty small livings 6000 \n\nBesides the above legacies, he left more than \n\xc2\xa3100,000 to be divided among his relations. He \ndied at Mortlake, in Surrey, October 11, 1721, \naged 85 years ; from whence his remains were re- \nmoved, and interred in this church. \n\nMr. Colston was a most successful merchant : \nhe never insured a ship, and never lost one. His \ncrest was a dolphin, which tradition says he as- \nsumed, from the circumstance of a fish of that \nspecies having providentially stopped a leak in one \nof his ships at sea, by getting into the aperture. \n\nWhilst the churchwardens were lowering the \n\n\n\n152 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nhigh mahogany-topped pews, and effecting other \nalterations in this church, September, 1843, the \nremains of that philanthropic and charitable man, \nEdward Colston, Esq. were found deposited in \nthe family vault, in the south aisle. The face was \ncovered with a sheet, quite strong and perfect ; on \nthe removal of which the features were discovered \nso perfect as to be readily recognised, having all \nthe appearance of tranquillity and sweet repose* \nHis cravat and shirt exactly corresponded in make \nand form with the appearance of those on the \nmonument above the vault. The whole was \nsacredly and immediately closed and replaced ; a \nleaden plate being soldered on, inscribed \xe2\x80\x94 " Ed- \nward Colston, 1721." \n\nUnder the first pew, on the right hand, coming \nin at the north door, lie the remains of Sir John \nDuddlestone, Bart., and Dame Susannah his wife. \nHe was an eminent tobacco merchant, in the house \nfronting the south side of St. Werburgh\'s tower, \nthe back part of which is now called Shannon \nCourt. It is said that when Prince George, of \nDenmark, arrived in this city, Mr. Duddlestone was \nthe first person who invited him to his house ; and \nin return, Queen Anne, on the prince\'s arrival in \nLondon from Bristol, created Mr. Duddlestone a \nknight, and afterwards gave him a baronet\'s patent, \nJanuary 11, 1691. \n\n\n\n153 \n\n\n\nST. AUGUSTINE THE LESS. \n\nThis church was founded by the Abbots of St. \nAugustine\'s Monastery, as a chapel for the accom- \nmodation of the inhabitants who had erected houses \nand lived without the clausum or precincts of the \nconvent. It is mentioned in Gaunt\'s deeds, in the \nyear 1240. It was rebuilt, according to William \nWyrcestre, in 1480; and has been considerably \nenlarged in subsequent periods, and particularly at \nits eastern extremity. Galleries have also been \nerected, and an organ placed at the west end, the \ngift of the late Henry Cruger, Esq., M. P. for \nBristol in 1774 and 1784. The church is a plain \nfabric, has three long aisles, and is neatly pewed. \n\nThe chancel is spacious, and the ceiling is richly \nornamented, representing six of the apostles in oval \nframes, composed of sculptured leaves and flowers. \n\nThe upper part of the window on each side of \nthe altar, contains fragments of ancient stained \nglass ; and in the mutilated remains may be traced \nportions of the arms of Abbots Newland and Elliott. \n\nAmong the mural monuments in this church is \none at the east end of the south aisle, to the memory \nof Edward Shier cliff, the author of the first Bristol \nGuide, published in 1789. \n\nSome short time since, a very handsome oak \npulpit, in the Gothic style, was erected in this \nchurch, at the expense of two parishioners, Messrs. \n\n\n\n154 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nRogers and Jeffery ; and very recently an elegant \nbaptismal font in pure marble was placed here, at \nthe expense of E. J. Staples, M. D., one of the \nchurchwardens. \n\nThe pews in 1843 were re-arranged and lowered \nin height, for the greater comfort and convenience \nof the parishioners. \n\nThe Carmelites (or WhiteFriars) had a consider- \nable establishment in this parish, occupying all the \nground from the Red Lodge, down the hill, to St. \nAugustine\'s Back, now Colston\'s School. The \nfollowing eminent characters belonged to this \npriory: \xe2\x80\x94 John Milverton, who, for opposing the \nbishops, was committed prisoner to the Castle of \nSt. Angelo at Rome, for three years. John Stow, \nan ingenious poet, soon after the time of Chaucer. \nJohn Spine, doctor and professor of divinity at \nOxford, a noted preacher and writer. John \n"Walton, D. D., prior in King Henry VI.\'s time. \nNicholas Cantilupe, D. D., of Cambridge. John \nHooper, who went abroad after the dissolution of \nMonasteries, and getting acquainted with some of \nthe Reformers, on his return was made Bishop of \nGloucester, and was burnt by the Roman Catholics \nFeb. 9, 1559, in the time of Queen Mary, before \nthe west-end gate of his own cathedral, for what \nthey termed heresy. \n\nEleanor, Duchess of Buckingham, 1530, be- \nqueathed her heart to be buried in the Grey Friars\' \n\n\n\nCHRIST CHURCH. 155 \n\nChurch, London, and her body in the White Friars\' \nChurch, Bristol. \n\n\n\nCHRIST CHUKCH, \n\nOTHERWISE ST. AUDEN, OR, ST. OWEN. \n\nThe original church is said to have been coeval \nwith the origin of the city. Indeed the dates of \n1003 and 1004, formed of lead, and let into a stone \nnear the top of the spire, which was found there when \nit was repaired in 1765, seem to establish the fact \nthat a church was erected here at the above early \ndate. The removal of the Kalendaries also from \nChrist Church to All Saints\' Church in 1066 is \nanother proof of its then existence. The old church \n(perhaps the third or fourth from the foundation,) \nwas taken down in 1787, and the present structure \nwas finished and opened for Divine worship in \n1790. Its interior is divided into three aisles of \nequal length, and tastefully decorated, in accordance \nwith the modern style in which it is designed. \n\nOver the altar is a beautiful window of stained \nglass, by Egginton, of Birmingham, which repre- \nsents the figures of Moses and St. John. \n\nBehind the organ is an object of some interest to \nthe antiquarian, in the shape of an old heavy oak \nchest: it was originally secured by three locks; and \nno doubt at one time contained deeds, plate, meney, \nand other valuables belonging to the church. \n\n\n\n156 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nAmong the monumental inscriptions deserving \nparticular notice are two brass plates, placed on \neither side of the vestry door. One to the memory \nof Richard Standfast, chaplain in ordinary to \nKing Charles L, who for his loyalty to his sove- \nreign suffered sequestration for fourteen years, and \nreturned to Bristol on the restoration of Charles II. \nHe was rector of this church for fifty-one years, \nand also a prebendary of the Bristol Cathedral. \nIt is a remarkable fact, that although he was blind \nfor more than twenty-one years, he performed the \nchurch service exactly, and discharged the office \nof an able and orthodox preacher. The lines in- \nscribed on the brass plate were composed by him- \nself, as taken down from his own mouth a few \nhours before his death. \n\nThe other brass plate is to the memory of \nThomas Farmer, mayor and alderman, and also \nhis wife, who both died in November, 1624. It is \nrecorded of him that in 1616 he went through the \ncity trying the weights and measures ; and butter \nbeing that year very dear, he purchased it from \nships outward bound, which he sold in the market \nat a reduced price. \n\nWe must not omit to mention that in this church \nrepose the remains of the original founder of the \nBristol Infirmary, John Elbridge, Esq., who also \nbequeathed \xc2\xa33000 to endow a charity school for \n24 girls, in St. Michael\'s parish. He died in 1739. \n\n\n\nST. GEORGE. 157 \n\nIn the account of the disbursements of the pro- \ncurator of Christ Church for the year 1534, is this \nentry, viz. \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nItem : For Ryngyen agenste the comen of the \nbyschop of Canterbyrre [Cranmer the Martyr] to \nchorche iiij d . \n\nA flying dragon is the form of the weather-vane, \ncopied from the old church; respecting which \nthere are some fanciful conjectures. 54 \n\nThe Litany was first sung in English in 1543, \nin a procession from Christ Church to St. Mary \nRedcliff. \n\nThe ancient church of St. Ewen stood on the \nopposite corner of Broad Street, but was taken \ndown and the parish incorporated with Christ \nChurch, in 1787. \n\nIn the south aisle of St. E wen\'s was a chapel \ndedicated to John the Baptist, and belonged to a \nfraternity called the Master, Wardens, and Society \nof Merchant Tailors, consisting of brethren and \nsisters. This guild was erected and the chapel \nfounded in the time of Richard II. who granted \nthem a charter, confirmed by King Henry IV. \n\n\n\nST. GEORGE, BRANDON HILL. \n\nThe church dedicated to St. George, erected in \n\n54 A flying dragon is seen upon a bend in the Merchant Ad- \nventurers\' arms. \n\n\n\n158 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nGreat George Street, Park Street, in 1823, has \nbeen made parochial, the parish of St. Augustine \nbeing divided for that purpose, and is in the gift \nof the Dean and Chapter. This church contains \nnine hundred free sittings ; the minister\'s income \nbeing chiefly derived from the rental of the pews by \nthe more opulent parishioners. \n\n\n\nST. JAMES. \n\nThe priory to which this church belonged was \nfounded by Robert Rufus, natural son of King \nHenry I. who was made Lord of Bristol in 1109, \nand was buried in the church in 1147. It was of \ngreat extent, reaching from the west end of the \npresent church, or Whitson\'s Court, to the barton \nof St. James. In 1753, what was deemed the re- \nfectory was then standing. The prior had a char- \nter, confirmed by King Henry II. enabling him to \nhold a fair, and also the prisage of wines coming \nto the port of Bristol, from twelve o\'clock the \nSaturday before the feast of St. James to the same \nhour the Saturday following ; namely, four pence \nper hogshead. \n\nThe church was built and consecrated in 1130, \nmade parochial and the tower added in 1374, at an \nexpense to the parishioners. It is said that Robert \nFitzhaymon, when building the castle, set aside \nevery tenth stone to be employed in its original \n\n\n\nST. JAMES. 159 \n\nstructure. It consists of a nave, eighty-four feet in \nlengthy thirty-one in height, and twenty-nine in \nwidth between the massive piers which support \nfive arches, and divide the north and south aisles \nfrom the nave. The nave and north aisle are parts \nof the original Norman church. The south aisle, \noriginally of the same character, was removed in \n1698, to make way for a wider one of the late \nperpendicular style, at an expense to the parish \nof \xc2\xa3600. \n\nThe east end of the nave is occupied by a \nCorinthian altar screen, by monuments, and by a \nlarge painting of the transfiguration put up in \n1768, when the church was re-pewed and two \nspacious galleries were erected. The chancel is \ndestroyed, and its place occupied by a house \nerected against the present east wall of the church, \nand by the avenue called Canon Street. \n\nNotwithstanding all the alterations which had \nbeen made for the convenience of the parishioners, \nit was found necessary, in 1804, to add a third gal- \nlery over the south aisle, for the accommodation of \nthe increasing congregation who attended the parish \nchurch. \n\nThe galleries now occupy three of its sides; and \nthere is an upper gallery at the west end, in which \na very fine and richly-toned organ is placed ; with \nforms on each side for the Sunday school children. \n\nThe church being thus crowded with galleries \n\n\n\n160 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nand high seats, which form an obstruction, not \nonly to the light and ventilation of the building, \nbut also render it very difficult in the back \nseats, behind the low heavy Norman arches, to \nhear distinctly either from the reading desk or the \npulpit. \n\nThe west front, formerly the grand entrance, \naffords a fine specimen of Norman architecture. \nThe reason it has remained so long nearly un- \nnoticed, is owing to the many buildings immedi- \nately surrounding the north and west side of the \nchurch, and which appear to have been erected so \nlong ago as 1666/ 5 perhaps earlier. \n\nMuch has been said respecting the origin of the \npointed arch: it will be here seen at each end, \nproduced almost by accident. The round window \nabove is a very rare specimen, and is worthy of \nparticular regard : \xe2\x80\x94 at present some lover of anti- \n\n65 The house immediately adjoining, which has a private \nentrance to the church, has two shields over the doorway, with \nthe initial letters T E A 1666. This, most probably, was the resi- \ndence of the Edwards family, whose monuments are to be found \nin the church, and benefactions recorded. Close by is a spaci- \nous house, formerly the residence of the Pope family ; the \nstaircase, walls, and corridor of which are extremely well \npainted in large, in many compartments ; the subjects are, \nMercury and two cupids playing with doves ; Venus and Mars ; \na colossal figure of Hercules ; a large historical piece, in which \na venerable old man, kneeling, surrounded with females, lays \na sword and casket of jewels at the feet of a warrior; boys, \nfruit, and flowers ; a trophy of arms ; Minerva and Diana. \n\n\n\nST. JAMES. \n\n\n\n161 \n\n\n\nquity might easily copy it, otherwise time will de- \nvour all its traces, as the zig-zag work, in many \nplaces, is barely perceptible. \n\nThe following wood cut represents the west \nelevation of this church, as far as it can be seen ; \nthe door-way itself is entirely hid, and the round \narch over it can only be viewed from an exalted \nsituation : the adjoining cut gives some idea of the \nwindow. \n\n\n\n\n\nThe Chronological Outline of Bristol says, that \nthe monumental effigy of Robert, Earl of Glouces- \nter, who is said to have been buried here in 1147, \nwas discovered in 1818, having been concealed \nbehind the pews. The figure is now placed in the \nsouth wall, with a modern inscription on a brass \nplate, with the Earl\'s arms \xe2\x80\x94 three spear rests. A \nclose inspection of the effigy, however, must raise \n\nM \n\n\n\n162 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\na doubt whether it is not intended to represent a \nlady : not to mention that a solitary ring is placed \non the wedding finger, the statue holds the robe, \nwhich descends from the shoulders, in such a lady- \nlike way, that renders it difficult to believe we \nbehold that robust and redoubtable warrior \xe2\x80\x94 the \nterror of Stephen, and the idol of the rude soldiery \nof those days. Though sometimes, we believe, \ngreat men were represented in monks\'" habit on \ntheir tombs, to denote that they died in the " odour \nof sanctity;" \xe2\x80\x94 we humbly conceive in this instance \nthat is not the case. \n\nThere is also on the south side of the altar a \nvery handsome monument, erected to the memory \nof Sir Charles Somerset and his lady Emma. Sir \nCharles is represented in armour, kneeling at an \naltar, and opposite to him his wife, in the same \nposture, and hehind her an only daughter, also \nkneeling: it is a spacious lofty monument, adorned \non each side with Corinthian pillars, and embel- \nlished at the top with the arms of the family in a \nlarge shield. Sir Charles died March 11th, 1598, \nand Lady Emma in 1590. \n\nMy body earth, my breath was borrow\' d ayre, \nMy dated lease expired years of strife, \nMy soul with stamp of God, temple of prayer, \nDissolved by death, mounted to glorious life : \nLife was but lent conditional to dye, \nDeath made the period of mortalitye, \nAnd gave me entrance to eternitye. \n\n\n\nST. JAMES. 163 \n\nA monument, by E. H.Baily,Esq.,to the memory \nof the Rev. Thomas Tregenna Biddulph, M. A., \nhas been erected immediately outside the com- \nmunion rails, against the wall, to the right of the \naltar. It consists of a plain pedestal of veined \nmarble, supporting the Bible, -on which rests an \nanimated bust of the deceased, in his clerical robes. \nThe pedestal bears the following inscription : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nThis Monument \n\nwas erected \n\nas a public testimony of \n\nVeneration \n\nfor the memory of \n\nThe Rev. Thomas Tbjegenna Biddulph, M. A., \n\nThirty-eight years \n\nIncumbent of this Parish ; \n\nThe pastoral duties of which he discharged \n\nwith irreproachable zeal, faithfulness, and ability. \n\nHe died the 19th of May, 1838, \n\nIn the 76th year of his age. \n\nPrincess Eleanor, the Demoisell of Brittany, \nwas buried here after forty years 5 confinement in \nBristol Castle; \xe2\x80\x94 by order of King Henry III. her \nbody was removed to the nunnery of Ambresbury, \nWilts, to which she had been a benefactress. \n\nTwo friaries formerly existed in this extensive \nparish : \xe2\x80\x94 one house of Franciscan, or Grey Friars ; \nthe other of Dominican, or Black Friars. Whilst \nthe order of Grey Friars flourished, the custody of \nBristol had nine convents under it, and each friary \n\n\n\n164 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nhad a common seal : this of Bristol had St. Anthony, \nof Padua. Its site was in Lewin\'s Mead, where \nthe Unitarian Chapel now stands. \n\nSome of our Calendaries say, that in 1226, St. \nFrancis himself, the founder of the order, came to \nBristol; he probably established this house of \nFriars Minors, as it is asserted that he founded the \nnunnery of Laycock, in Wiltshire. \n\nThe Dominican, or Black Friars\' House stood \nwhere the Friends\' Meeting House is now built, \nbetween Rosemary Street and the Broad Weir ; a \nsort of court close by is still called " The Friars." \n\n" In King Henry VIII.\'s time, Master Haber- \ndyne, master pryour of St. Jamys, preaching at \nOxford against the doctrines of Latimer, and at \nthe same time dancing the puppets of Christ, and \nPeter, and others, the pulpit gave way ; and on his \ncomplaint, the churchwardens told him that they \nhad made the pulpit for preaching, and not for \ndancing." \n\nSuch strict observers of the Sabbath were the \npeople of this parish, in the year 1679, that at a \nvestry meeting four persons were judged guilty of \na most heinous crime, and were cited in the spi- \nritual court, fox " purloining the Lord\'s day," in \ntravelling to Bath on foot ; to the great dishonour \nof Almighty God and true religion: for which they \nconfessed their sin in the said court, and paid \ntwenty shillings for the use of the parish. \n\n\n\n165 \n\nST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, AND ST. \nLAWRENCE. \n\nThe church of St. John consists of but one aisle, \nand is the smallest in Bristol. It was founded by \nWalter Frampton, who had been thrice mayor. \nHe was buried here, and his effigy, clothed in a \nrobe or gown over a coat of mail, is on the north \nside of the altar. The date on his tomb is 1357. \n\nAt the entrance of the church, underneath the \nboards that cover the floor, are the effigies, cut in \nbrass, of Thomas Rowley and his wife ; the latter \ndied in 1470 \xe2\x80\x94 the former in 1478. \n\nAn ancient ornamented hour glass stands upon \nan iron bracket in the vestry. These glasses were \nformerly attached to the pulpit, to regulate the \ntime for the delivery of the sermon. Near this is \na mutilated figure with a crown upon its head, but \nwhom it represents is not known. \n\nThe tower stands upon an archway, which con- \ntained a gate of the old city: the channel, in which \nthe portcullis used to traverse, may still be seen. \n\nOn the south side of the tower are quaintly "car- \nveiled" two venerable figures, intended to represent \nthe brothers Brennus and Belinus, said to have \nbeen the original founders of the city. \n\nThis church has recently undergone considerable \nalterations and repairs. \n\n\n\n166 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nTwo arches were formed in 1828, for foot pas- \nsengers, on either side of the gateway. The western \narch, on the right side entering from Quay Street, \nexhibits on a corbel, at the spring of the arch, a \nwarrior\'s head ; and on the left, a bishop\'s, carved \non freestone. On the inner side, the ciphers G. R. \nand C. B. denoting that the church is protected by \nthe royal and civic, by the military and ecclesias- \ntical authorities of the state. The eastern arch is \nalso ornamented with corbels. The tout ensemble \nof the three arches has a light and graceful appear- \nance, rendering that spot which for ages continued \nunsightly and dangerous, ornamental and safe. \n\nThe church of St. Lawrence, which stood imme- \ndiately to the west end of the archway, was sold \nand taken down in 1580, when the parish was in- \ncorporated with St. John\'s. \n\nThe arch at the end of St. John Street, on which \na house is built, was also a gateway belonging to \nthe old city wall. \n\nA Singular Bequest. \xe2\x80\x94 Coronation of George \nIV.\xe2\x80\x94" Mr. J. Farr, of the parish of St. John \nBaptist, Bristol, on the 19th July, 1821, pre- \nsented to the Rev. \xc2\xa5m. Mirehouse, curate, and \nto the vestry of this parish, a silver goblet, in com- \nmemoration of the coronation of his Majesty King \nGeorge IV. which took place this day. Also \ntwenty-five guineas, the interest whereof to be \n\n\n\nST. MARY-LE-PORT. 167 \n\ngiven as follows, viz. Five shillings for wine at the \nelection of churchwardens every year, to be drank \nout of the aforesaid goblet ; and twenty shillings \na year to be given to the women residing in St. \nJohn\'s Almshouse, on the 11th of December, ex- \ncept there should be a coronation in such year,, and \nthen the women are to receive the twenty shillings \non the coronation day." \n\n\n\nST. MARY-LE-PORT, \n\nIt is said, was founded by William, Earl of Glou- \ncester, about 1170, in the time of Henry II. It \nhas two aisles, and stands on a rising ground above \nthe Avon. Formerly there was a gradual descent \nfrom this church to the river, where ships discharged \ntheir cargoes, and whence it took the name of \nMary of the Port. The roof, which was richly \nornamented before it was daubed over, is supported \nwith six freestone arches and seven pillars, neatly \nfluted and painted. The church has been lately \ncleaned and repewed, at an expense of about \xc2\xa3500 ; \nnearly one half of which has been raised by private \nsubscription. \n\nThe altar-piece is inscribed at the top in Hebrew \ncharacters : \xe2\x80\x94 Jehovah our Alehim is one Jehovah. \n\nIn March, 1814, upon sinking a vault near the \nvestry, in the north aisle, under a mural monument, \nwhich has always been called the tomb of William \n\n\n\n168 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nLittle, the Bristol grammarian, a corpse was found \nin a remarkably perfect state of preservation, being \nchiefly converted into the substance called adipo- \ncere. It was erroneously said to have been the \nbody of Mr. Yeamans, 56 a sheriff of Bristol, and \none of the persons executed in Wine Street, for \nconspiring to deliver up the city to King Charles I. \nThe heart is deposited in the late Mr. R. Smith\'s \nanatomical museum, at the Infirmary. \n\nThe brazen eagle, which formerly adorned the \ncathedral, reposes here, by the liberality of the late \nMr. Wm. Ady,with an inscription which records its \nhistory, and directs it to remain here for ever. It \nstands on a globe supported by a massy pedestal, \nwith four lions at its base, and is altogether seven \nfeet high. It weighs six hundred and ninety-two \npounds, and stood in the cathedral one hundred \nand nineteen years. \n\nThis church has undergone so many repairs and \nalterations, that it is a question whether any portion \nof the original building, with the exception of the \ntower, remains. The latter is of early English \ncharacter, with the shafts of its upper windows \nmuch mutilated, but the battlements and pinnacles \nthat surmount the tower are evidently of a period \n\n56 In a pamphlet, entitled " The Two State Martyrs," in \nwhich is recounted the manner of the execution, &c. Mr. Yea- \nmans is stated to have been buried at Christ Church ; and Mr. \nBoucher, his unfortunate colleague, at St. Werburgh\'s. \n\n\n\nST. MATTHEW. 169 \n\nposterior to the construction of the original struc- \nture; the south-east pinnacle is loftier than the \nothers, and divided into three stages, decorated \nwith trefoil arches. Furrowed over with years, \nthat age has chiselled upon its face, shattered by \nthe fury of elementary strife, its hoary head has \nlong struggled with the cankering hand of time, \nuntil the fretted surface of its crumbling, moulder- \ning stones, bears legible impress of the riot and the \ndesolation that follow in the track, over which has \nflown the darkening shadow of his mighty wings. 57 \n\n\n\nST. MATTHEW. \n\nThe parish of St. James being extensive, and \nthe population very numerous, it was deemed \nnecessary, for the accommodation of the inhabi- \ntants of Kingsdown and its vicinity, to erect a new \nchurch in that situation. A subscription was \nreadily obtained for that purpose, and the founda- \ntion stone was laid with much ceremony, by the \nlate J. Bangley, Esq., August 26, 1833 ; the late \nvenerable and Rev. T. T. Biddulph, incumbent of \nSt. James\'s, then ascended the stone and addressed \nthe audience, which were computed at nearly fif- \nteen thousand, in the most energetic and affecting \nmanner; and, after thanking Mr. Bangley, the \nCommittee, Secretaries, Subscribers, &c. for their \n\n37 See " Cursory Observations on the Churches of Bristol." \n\n\n\n170 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nexertions, offered up a solemn and impressive \nprayer. \n\nA marble monument has been erected in this \nchurch, to the memory of the late J.Bangley,Esq., \nbearing the following inscription : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nSacred to the Memory of \nJOHN BANGLEY, Esq. \nlate of Kingsdown, Merchant, who died Oct. 8, 1836, in \nthe 78 th year of his age, and whose remains are deposited in \nthe Cathedral church of this city. For more than 50 years \nhe was an inhabitant of the parish of St. James; and as \nsenior Vestryman laid the Foundation stone of \nThis Church, \n\non the 26 th day of August, 1833, towards the building \n\nof which he contributed liberally, and moreover \n\npresented to it a set of \n\nEIGHT BELLS. \n\nBy his will, he gave several bequests to charitable Institu- \ntions in Bristol and its neighbourhood, and left an \n\nANNUAL GIFT \nof Thirteen Pounds, to be equally divided between twenty- \nsix poor men and women, inhabitants of the parish \nof St. James, on the 26 th day of July for ever. \n\nThis church was consecrated by the late Dr. \nRyder, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, and \nopened for public worship in the spring of 1835. \n\nIt is a large and handsome building, and has a \nnumber of free sittings for the accommodation of \nthe poor. The choice of the minister is vested in \nthe hands of appointed trustees. \n\n\n\n171 \n\n\n\nTHE MAYOR\'S CHAPEL, \n\nFORMERLY THE COLLEGIATE CHURCH AND HOSPITAL OF THE \nVIRGIN MARY AND ST. MARK. \n\nIt is observable that this chapel is not built as \nchurches commonly are, east and west, but rather \nnearer to the north and south, for which some \nassign this reason, that it was to point to the place \nof residence of the joint founders and their ances- \ntors, Berkeley Castle : others, that it should point \ntowards the lands with which it was endowed. \nAs this church was formerly called the Gaunt\'s \nChurch, so the old hospital thereto belonging went \nby the name of the Gaunts of Billeswick, " because \nMaurice de Gaunt built this hospital in Billeswick \nManor, in the north-west suburb of the town of \nBristol, near the Monastery of St. Augustine, before \nA. D. 1229, for one chaplain, and one hundred \npoor people to be relieved every day." \n\nGaunt\'s Hospital must have been of great ex- \ntent, since the boundaries can be traced from the \ncorner of Pipe Lane, Frogmore Street, to the \nwestern corner of Mark Lane, St. Augustine\'s \nBack ; Orchard Street, being once what its name \nimplies, within the limits. \n\nLeland\'s notice of this establishment runs thus : \n" One Henry Gaunte, a knyght, sometyme dwell- \nynge not farre from Brandone Hylle, by Bright- \nstow, erectyd a college of priests, with a master, \non the green of St. Augustine." \n\n\n\n172 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nThe religious of this hospital are frequently \nnamed Bonnes Hommes ; and were compelled by \ntheir rules, when abroad, to wear black caps, having \nthe arms of the establishment worked thereon; \nnamely, a field gules, three geese passant Argent. \n\nUnder the tower, at the east front, is a small \nlow door to enter the church, and on the north \nside another, by which you enter into a smal 1 \nroom, formerly a confessional, with two arches \nin the wall, between this room and the high \naltar, for the priest and penitent. There are eight \ncurious niches round the room, in which images \nwere formerly fixed. The roof is vaulted with \nfreestone ; in the centre of which are two curious \nshields, with several coats of arms in freestone, viz. \nEngland and France, the Gourneys, 58 Poyntz, of \nActon, &c. \n\n58 The arms of Gourney are stated by Barrett to be Or, three \npales azure, on a shield, which appear in painted glass above \nthe altar, together with Berkeley\'s arms. Now we are inclined \nto hazard a conjecture that Gourney\'s arms were Azure, a \nchevron Argent, being the shield that is placed quarterly with \nBerkeley\'s, over the entrance to the Virgin Mary\'s Chapel in \nthe cathedral, [which Mr. Barrett calls the ancient bearing of \nthe Fitzhardings, before they added the ten crosses patee] and \nfor this reason : \xe2\x80\x94 the inscription on the monument of Sir \nRichard Newton Cradock, of Barr\'s Court, says, \n\nGournep, Hampton, Cradock, Newton last \nHeld on the measure of that ancient line \nOf Baron\'s blood ; &c. &c. \n\nAnd on his shield of twenty-four coats \xe2\x80\x94 the simple chevron, as \n\n\n\nthe mayor\'s chapel. 173 \n\nIn 1820, this chapel was partially, but truly " re- \npaired and beautified ;" a superb stained window \nwas added, and the high altar screen restored to its \noriginal beauty, at the expense of the Corporation, \nby the suggestion and under the immediate direction \nof the Chamberlain, Thomas Garrard, Esq. \n\nOn the 31st of October, 1830, this chapel, after \nhaving been completely " repaired and beautified," \nwas re-opened for divine worship. \n\nThe entrance from College Green is to an anti- \nchapel, the roof of which supports the floor of the \norgan-loft. This entrance forms a chamber of \nbeautiful gothic work, with stained windows. \n\nThe west front of the organ gallery has a very \nimposing appearance, from the great profusion of \ngothic panelling, tracery, and decorated mould- \nings. It is flanked at the angles with octagonal \nturrets, of singular elegance, embattled and sur- \nmounted with canopies, crockets, &c. The groining, \nwith fan panelling, under the gallery, is supported \nby clustered columns and highly-finished capitals. \nThe east front is more elaborate, and beautifully \n\nabove stated, first appears. In the recess, immediately to the \nleft of the above-mentioned entrance, where formerly some \nsculptured knight, we have no doubt, reclined, this coat of a \nsingle chevron is eighteen times repeated on the roof. May not \none of the Gourneys have rested here ? Who could have been \nthe ancient Fitzharding? It must needs have been Harding \nhimself ; as the founder bears the ten crosses. What was th\xc2\xab \nBaron of Folkingham\'s arms ? \n\n\n\n174 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\ndecorated. The spandrils, quatrefoils, buttresses, \nsculptures, arches, and cornices, are all from the \nchissel of a master; and the oak gates are fine \nspecimens of taste and judgment. In fact, the \narrangement of the whole is excellent. The stained \nglass, introduced within the panels, produces a \ncomposition of great attractive effect, giving to it \nan interest of a very high description. \n\nThe pulpit and the throne for the Mayor, the \nfirst of Painswick stone, and the latter of oak, are \nin a style of workmanship of a very superior cast. \nThe bracket of the pulpit is well worth attention. \nThe canopies over the stall erected for the Corpo- \nration, &c. are very chastely conceived, the deco- \nrations being of vine foliage, tracery, and tabernacle \nwork : the carving is exquisite. Under the cano- \npies the niches are decorated with demi-coronated \nangels, ogee mouldings, and embossed cornices. \nThe stalls, the reading desk, and the clerk\'s desk, \nare of oak, the doors and standards of which are \nfinely carved, and richly decorated. The original \nold English oak ceiling remains; its bosses, span- \ndrils, mouldings, corbels, spandril-bosses, and \ndemi-angels, are all in high preservation, and \ntherefore only required to be cleaned, gilded, and \nvarnished, to be in unison with the new work. \n\nThe south aisle has also undergone a complete \nrepair, and now forms a convenient and appro- \npriate deposit for its splendid monuments. There \n\n\n\nthe mayor\'s chapel. 175 \n\nis in the outer south aisle a very finely stained \nwindow, by Pearon, representing in his pontificals, \nMiles Saley, a Bishop of Llandaff, and a founder. \nIt is a copy of a painting by West, late President \nof the Royal Academy, and was purchased by the \nCorporation from Fonthill Abbey. \n\nIn the centre of the exquisitely beautiful altar- \npiece is now placed a highly-finished painting, by \nMr. King, of a Dead Christ, surrounded by his \nsorrowing disciples. The body of the Saviour, \nrecently taken down from the cross, occupies the \nfore-ground, the head resting on the lap of the Virgin \nMother, who bends over it with chastened agony, \nfaith in the " resurrection and the life" calming \nthe mortal suffering. She is supported by St. John, \nwho suppresses his own grief to administer comfort \nto her. Near the feet kneels the Magdalen, in \nwhom affection and sorrow sweetly combine. She \nholds and presses for the last time the pierced hand \nof her Lord, and her feelings seem absorbed in the \nmournful spectacle before her. At the head, behind \nthe Virgin, Joseph of Arimathea is meditating on \nthe affecting scene, and another old man is going \ninto the sepulchre, to direct the preparations. In \nthe back ground are the crosses, the Roman soldiers, \nand a distant view of the city and temple. \n\nPoyntz Sepulchral Chapel, with its fine vaulted \nroof, sculptured niches, and painted window, which \nhas been used for many years as a vestry, will, we \n\n\n\n176 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nhope, be completely restored to its original beauty \nand proportions. \n\nThe monumental statue of Sir Henry de Gaunt, \nmaster of the hospital in 1230, is yet preserved. \n\nAmong the monuments there are two knights, \narmed in mail, their right hands on their swords 5 \nhilts, on the left their shields, with their legs across, \nwhich show them to be Knights of the Holy "War, \nor Crusade, which ended with Henry III.\'s reign \nin 1268. Whom they are intended to represent \nis uncertain, but most probably either the Berkeleys \nor Gourneys. \n\nAugust, 1680. The infamous Captain William \nBedloe was buried near the great door, next the \nGreen, without any memorial or inscription. He \nis said to have been concerned in the Rye-House \nPlot in Charles II.\'s time. \n\n\n\nA private oratory was discovered some years since \non the first floor in the house, situate next door \nto the chapel, adorned with scriptural paintings. \nSeveral other instances could be pointed out in \nBristol, of remains of religious edifices appearing \nas part of private houses. It is affirmed, indeed, \nthat a church, dedicated to St. Andrew, formerly \nstood at the corner of High Street and Wine \nStreet, but no positive authority can be found for \nthis ; the old maps, however, describe the High \nCross as being the centre of four churches. \n\n\n\n177 \n\n\n\nST. MICHAEL. \n\nThe original structure is supposed to have been \nbuilt about 1193, by Robert Fitzhaymon, who en- \ndowed his abbey of Tewkesbury with this church, \nbut the present church was founded in July, 1775, \nand opened for divine worship in June, 1777. The \noutside of the building is modern Gothic, and suited \nto the old tower, which has been preserved : it is \nabout ninety feet high, has four pinnacles, and a \npeal of six bells. In the gallery is an organ, much \nadmired for its elegant appearance and richness of \ntone. \n\nOn the east side of the tower, over the roof, is a \nniche, in which is fixed a figure of an abbot, or \nas some imagine, of St. Michael, the patron saint. \n\nIn the old church appeared the following very \nsingular epitaph :\xe2\x80\x94 \n\nDominus{^^. t \n\nAnna Filia Richardi Ash, iEtatis Suae Tertio. \nObiit Vicessimo Quarto Die Maii. \n\nWith the figure of an ash tree cut off in the centre, \nand dated 1645 : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\ntL ! ^ { ts ! \xc2\xab* *>- { SEK.S r e daie \n\nAnd on the floor of the communion table was the \nfollowing inscription, on a large flat stone, without \nany date; but from the form and appearance of \nthe characters, it is conjectured to be coeval with \n\nN \n\n\n\n178 CHILCOTT\'s BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nthe above. It was copied many years ago, from \nthe original ; and on account of its singularity, we \nthink it not unworthy a place here : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nSwT?! Ashes ( h ri e iK othe l Ash \\\xe2\x84\xa2\xe2\x84\xa2\xe2\x84\xa2> \n\nIn hope that ) ( shall be J ( agame, \n\nAshes to) a , ( return shall, and arise, \nWhich J ( in Ashes, here expecting, lies. 59 \n\nIn the parish of St. Michael were, of old, two \nreligious houses ; one consisting of nuns under a \nprioress, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, and \nfounded by Eva, wife of Robert. Fitzhar ding: \xe2\x80\x94 the \nother, a brotherhood or priory to St. Bartholomew. \nThe site of the nuns\' house was where the King \nDavid Inn now stands ; the latter still retains the \nname of Bartholomew\'s Hospital, and is situated \nin Christmas Street, where the City Boys are at \npresent educated. \n\n" The Eolle of Seyncte Bartholemewies Priorie," \ngiven by Chatterton to Mr. Barrett, and by him \ninserted page 428 of his history, should be well \nconsidered by those who deny the authenticity of \nthe Rowley MSS. In every point of view it is a \nmost extraordinary document. \n\nThere is also in this parish a chapel dedicated \nto the Three Kings of Coleyn^ attached to an \n\n59 The descendants of this family still reside in Bristol. \n\n60 The reader is referred to the popular novel of Quentin \nDurward, for particulars respecting these personages. It seems \nthat the wise men of the east, who laid offerings at the feet of \nChrist in the manger, are the kings alluded to. \n\n\n\nST. NICHOLAS. 179 \n\nalmshouse called Foster\'s, founded in King Henry \nVII.\'s time, at the top of Queen Street and Steep \nStreet. \n\nAnnexed to Colston\'s Almshouse, also in this \nparishes another chapel, where service is performed \naccording to the ritual of the Church of England. \n\nA neat Gothic building has recently been erected \nnear the church, for an infant school for the poor. \n\n\n\nST. NICHOLAS, ST. LEONARD, AND \nST. GILES. \n\nOn entering High Street, from the Bridge, the \nold church of St. Nicholas, 61 stood on an arch above \nthe road, having gates, and being the city boundary. \n\n61 " Richard Wombstrong bequeaths to God and the blessed \nvirgin his mother, for the souls of his father and mother, and \nto the church of St. Nicholas, in Bristol, for the purpose of \nbuilding a chapel in honour of the mother of Jesus Christ, the \nwhole of his bakehouse, in length and breadth above the cellar, \nnear the east end of the said church, and towards the west end \nof the sardxhurch, in equal length and breadth within side. To \nbe had and held by the parishioners of the said church in as \nfull and ample manner as any donation can be made ; and the \nsaid churchwardens are to pay in hand thirty marks. He re- \nserves to himself and heirs the use of the said cellar. Witnesses, \nWilliam Fitz Nichol, then mayor of Bristol, James la Waire," \n&c. \xe2\x80\x94 From an old deed in the possession of Mr. Cumberland. \nThe original probably was written as early as the reign of King \nJohn. \n\n\n\n180 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE- \n\nThis old church, Rowley says, was founded by the \nSaxon Brictric, in 1030. The present crypt, which \nwill be regarded by the antiquary with peculiar \ninterest, on his viewing its heavy and massive \ncolumns, its richly moulded and ornamented arches, \nand the quaint and ever- varying decorations of its \nbosses, is said to be the ground floor of that church. \nThe heads of King Edward II. and of Queen Phi- \nlippa, wife of King Edward III. are pointed out \nas being among the busts in the arched ceiling of \nthe crypt. The present church was finished in \n1768. \n\nOn entering the porch, two guilded figures are \nseen, and the figure of Justice standing against the \neast wall which belonged to the altar-piece of the \nold church. \n\nOn the eastern wall also reclines a figure represent- \ning Alderman John Whitson, who from an humble \nand obscure situation was raised to opulence and \ndistinction ; and immediately under the tower, in \nthe church porch, is a monument to the same great \nbenefactor to this city, and author of a treatise \ncalled " The Pious Christian\'s Final Farewell to \nthe World and its Vanities." The latter monument \nwas erected by the late Mr. Clarke and Mr. W. \nEdkins some years since, at the expense of the \nChamber, and is a handsome specimen of florid \nGothic. The following is the inscription :\xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n\nST. NICHOLAS, 181 \n\nIN \n\nMEMOBIE \n\nOF \n\nTHAT \n\nGREATE BENEFACTOVR TO THIS CITIE, \n\nIOHN WHITSON, MERCHAVNT, \n\nTWICE MAYOR AND ALDERMAN, \n\nAND \n\nFOVR TIMES MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT; \n\nFOL THIS CITIE, \n\nWHO DIED IN THE 72nd YEARE OF HIS AGE 5 \n\nA. D. 1629, \n\nA \n\nWORTHIE PATTERNE TO ALL THAT COME AFTER \n\nHIM. \n\nThe pews on either side of the church are erected \nin a sloping direction to the centre. The ceiling is \nbeautifully ornamented, and the whole interior has \na light and cheerful appearance. It has a fine-toned \norgan, which was repaired in 1821, under the su- \nperintendence of Dr. Hodges. \n\nAbove the tower rises a beautiful spire, sur- \nmounted by a weather-cock; its height from the \nground is two hundred and five feet. \n\nAn excellent illuminated clock, made by Mr. \nPalmer, of London, who obtained the large silver \nmedal from the Society of Arts, has been placed in \nthe south side of the tower. \n\nThe patronage of the living is with the Dean and \nChapter of Bristol, Humfrey Brown, in 1629, gave \n\xc2\xa320 per annum for a Sunday afternoon lecture in \nthis church. \n\n\n\n182 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nSt. Nicholas is reported to have been friendly \nto mariners, and churches dedicated to him are \ngenerally built by the water side. \n\nIn 1360, a chapel across the centre of Bristol \nBridge, dedicated to the Virgin, was completed ; \nsaid to have been founded by Edward and Phi- \nlippa. Its dimensions were twenty-five yards by \nseven : it contained four windows on each side, a \nhigh window over the altar, and a small chapel, \nwith an altar on each side. Under it was an arched \nroom of the same extent, for the use of the alder- \nmen. It was demolished in 1643, by Walter Ste- \nphens, a linen draper, and a leader among the \nparliamentarians. \n\n\n\nST. PAUL. \n\nThis church is situated in Portland Square. \nIn consequence of the parish of St. James having \nrapidly increased in buildings and in population, \nan act of parliament was procured to divide the \nparish, and to erect a new parish church, dedicated \nto St. Paul. This was founded April, 1789, and \nopened for divine worship on St. Paul\'s day, 1794. \nIt is a handsome structure in the Gothic style. \nThe roof is supported by lofty pillars of stone with \nfancied capitals, and is beautifully arched and stuc- \ncoed over the middle aisle. It has three spacious \ngalleries, the front one being nearly semi-circular, \n\n\n\nST. BARNABAS. 183 \n\nand contains a very good organ. Over the altar is \na painting finely executed by Bird : the subject is \nSt. Paul preaching at Athens. \n\n\n\nST. BARNABAS, \n\nst. paul\'s parish. \n\nThe Church of St. Barnabas, which was built \nby the Diocesan Church Building Association, \naided by private subscriptions, was opened and \nconsecrated by the Lord Bishop of Gloucester and \nBristol, on Tuesday, September 12, 1843. It is a \nsmall but neat structure, in the cruciform shape, \nwith a steeple rising over the west entrance. It is \nsituated about midway along the Ashley Road, near \nStoke\'s Croft. The chancel, which is more than \nusually commodious, is formed by the head of the \ncross, and of course is in the east end ; a spacious \ncrypt runs under the entire length of the sacred \nedifice. The interior of the church is 130 feet in \nlength, and 90 feet broad across the transepts. At \nthe west end is a commodious gallery, and the \nbody of the church is unencumbered with pews, \nthe seats being open, with open backs. The fittings \nup of the interior are somewhat different from the \nusual style. The pulpit is placed on the north side \nof the chancel, and the reading desk on the south : \nthere is no desk for a clerk, and we understand no \nsuch functionary is to be appointed, the congrega- \n\n\n\n184 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\ntion, according to the revived fashion, are to give \nthe responses. An oak lecterne, in the place of an \neagle, will be placed on the steps of the chancel, \nfrom which the officiating clergyman will read the \nlessons. The creed and commandments in the \nchancel are painted with illuminated letters in the \nstyle of the Roman missals. The church furnishes \n750 sittings, of which 500 are free, those only in \nthe transepts being private. The cost of erecting \nthe church, without the parsonage house attached, \nis upwards of \xc2\xa32,200. There is an endowment of \n\xc2\xa3150 per annum, exclusive of the parsonage house, \nwhere the clergyman resides. The appointment \nis with the Bishop of the Diocese. \n\n\n\nST. ANDREW, \n\nMONTPELUER. \n\nThis church was consecrated January 31, 1845, \nby the Lord Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol. \nThe site of the sacred edifice is in the newly con- \nstituted district taken out of the parishes of St. \nPaul and Horfield. \n\nThe church is built in the early English style of \narchitecture, the plan is cruciform, the length from \neast to west being 99 feet 9 inches, and 27 feet \nwide; from north to south 57 feet 9 inches, and 27 \nfeet wide; which, with a gallery at the west end, \nwill accommodate 800 persons. The tower is at \n\n\n\nST. PETER AND ST. PAUL. 185 \n\nthe west end, and is 60 feet high, and was designed \nto be surmounted by a spire 70 feet, making an \nentire height from the ground of 130 feet, but \nthis cannot be accomplished at present for want of \nfunds. It would certainly add greatly to the eifect \nof the exterior. The chancel is ascended by two \nsteps, and the altar floor by three. The communion \ntable is of carved oak, and is, we understand, a \nmodel of one in Cologne Cathedral. It was pre- \nsented to this church by H. Champernowne, Esq., of \nDarlington, Devon. The altar screen is of Pains- \nwick stone, forming an arcade the entire width of \nthe east end of seven arches, with detached shafts; \nthe spandrils are richly carved ; the font is of the \nsame material, and corresponds with it in design, \nand is placed at the west end ; the pulpit is of \nBath stone. There are on the south side of the \nchancel, two sedillia and a piscina. The roof is \nopen wood work, the principal timbers being sup- \nported by carved stone corbels. The benches \nare made of deal, stained a dark oak colour, and \nwithout doors. The cost, including boundary \nwalls, levelling ground, &c, \xc2\xa32,428 : if the spire \nhad been added, the cost would have been \xc2\xa3155 \nadditional. \n\n\n\nST. PETER AND ST. PAUL \n\nIs confidently stated to have been founded before \nthe Norman Conquest ; little, however, is known \n\n\n\n186 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nof its early history. But it was in such a decayed \nstate in 1749, that a faculty was obtained out of \nthe bishop\'s court, to repair and beautify the whole, \nwhich cost upwards of \xc2\xa3800. It was also repaired \nin 1795, when it was found necessary to re-erect \nmany of the arches and pillars; to renew the ceiling \nof the middle aisle; and to erect a new pulpit. \nThe church is now a neat, clean, and spacious \nedifice, with three aisles ; has a handsome Corin- \nthian altar screen, and a fine organ loft, built in \nthe Doric style ; the representation of St. Peter \nwith his keys crowning the summit of the organ. \n\nThe tower is a low, massive, and clumsy build- \ning, in the Norman style of architecture, and was \nprobably erected in the twelfth century. \n\nThe church contains some curious ancient mo- \nnuments ; one of which, in the east end of the \nsouth aisle, (formerly a chapel dedicated to the \n\' blessed Mary of Bellhouse,) within a Gothic arch, \nadorned with a great variety of curious workman- \nship, without any inscription, is the figure of a \nlady, lying upon the tomb, who, from the armorial \nbearings, appears to belong to the Newtons of \nBarr\'s Court, Gloucestershire. \n\nIn the same aisle is a magnificent monument, \nwith a long Latin inscription, to the memory of \nRobert Aldworth, merchant and alderman, who \ndied the 6th of Nov. 1634. He was a great bene- \nfactor to this city. \n\n\n\nST. PHILIP AND JACOB. 187 \n\nThere is also a monument on the floor near the \nabove, engraved on brass, a priest in alb. chesible, \nstole and maniple \xe2\x80\x94 holding in his hand the chalice \nwith the consecrated wafer. The inscription un- \nderneath is \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nHie jacet magister Robtus Loud Capellanas qui obiit xxiij \ndie Februarii Anno d~m millimo cccclxi cuius domini propri- \ncietur Deus. Amen. \n\nA stone in the middle aisle had the following \ninscription; \xe2\x80\x94 "Sir John Cadaman, Knt. was be- \nheaded in the castle for killing Miles Callowhill, \nan officer of the garrison, while Prince Rupert had \npossession of Bristol, and was buried April 9, 1645." \n\nIn the church-yard were buried the remains of \nthe poet Richard Savage, equally celebrated for his \npoetical genius, his indiscretions, and distresses. \nThe series of calamities which he suffered through \nlife, he owed to the unnatural conduct of his mother, \nthe Countess of Macclesfield. He died in the pri- \nson of Newgate, in this city, where he was under \nconfinement for debt, and where he wrote those \nmerciless lines called, " London and Bristol Deli- \nneated" \n\n\n\nST. PHILIP AND JACOB. \n\nThis church is supposed to have been the chapel \nof some Benedictines, subject to the Abbey of \nTewkesbury : its early history appears to be very \n\n\n\n188 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nuncertain ; but it is mentioned in Gaunt\'s deeds as \nparochial before the year 1200. In 1388, Henry \nWakefield, Bishop of Worcester, by deed, annexed \nthe rectory of St. Philip to the monastery of \nTewkesbury ; previously to which the chancel \nmost probably formed the whole church. \n\nThe room underneath the tower and two arches \nat the north and south aisle appear the oldest por- \ntion of the church. The chief entrance was for- \nmerly under the tower, where are the remains \nof an arched door way, containing some beautiful \nearly English capitals of sculptured foliage and a \nportion of the ribs, forming a vaulted roof. There \nare also two other arches with rich mouldings, the \none may be termed the belfry arch, and the other \nis at the entrance of the north aisle. The columns \nor piers in this church have a very heavy appear- \nance, being without a base, and rise direct from \nthe ground without any moulding whatever. \n\nThe baptismal font is ancient, said to be of \nSaxon origin, is of a square form, and rests on a \nsingle column. It has been painted to imitate grey \nmarble. \n\nA chauntry was founded here by one Kemys ; \nand one of the aisles is still denominated Kemys\' \naisle, which is divided from the chancel by richly \npanelled piers, with Tudor arches of the florid or \nperpendicular style. There is an ancient bust in \nthis aisle, said to be of Robert, eldest son of Wil- \n\n\n\nST. PHILIP AND JACOB. \n\n\n\n189 \n\n\n\nliam the Conqueror, and which formerly orna- \nmented the church which stood within the castle \nwalls. \n\n\n\n\nDuke Robert was, through his credulity and \neasy disposition, cozened of his right of succession, \non the death of his brother William Rufus, by his \nother brother Henry I., who not only deprived him \nof his crown here, but also of his dukedom of Nor- \nmandy. The duke, on being made prisoner, was \nsent into England, under the charge of the Bishop \nof Salisbury, and confined in Bristol Castle; where \nit is not improbable that he lost his sight, by the \nhot brass basin which was ordered to be applied to \nhis eyes by his cruel brother, in order to prevent \nhis escape. He died, some say, in Cardiff Castle. \n\n\n\n190 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nRowley, in enumerating Mr. Canynge\'s collection \nof curiosities, mentions Duke Robert\'s gauntlet, \nleft by him in Bristol Castle. \n\nAt the east end of the aisle is a modern finely- \nsculptured canopy, adorned with crotchets and \nfinials in good taste ; underneath is a marble \nslab, containing a just tribute to the memory of the \nRev. Wm. Day, A. M. ; below which is laid the \nholy bible. \n\nThis church has recently undergone considerable \nrepairs and alterations, the expense of which was \ndefrayed by voluntary subscriptions. \n\nThe following is somewhat curious: \xe2\x80\x94 In 1279, \n12th September, process was issued out of the \noffice of the Bishop of "Worcester against Peter de \nla Mare, constable of the castle of Bristol, and \nothers his accomplices, for infringing the privileges \nof the church, in taking one William de Lay, who \nfled for refuge to the church-yard of St. Philip and \nJacob, for carrying him into the castle and im- \nprisoning him, and lastly, cutting off his head. \nNine or ten being involved in this crime, their \nsentence was to go from the church of the Friars \nMinor, in Lewin\'s Mead, to the church of St. \nPhilip and Jacob, through the streets, almost in a \nstate of nudity, for four market days for four suc- \ncessive weeks, each receiving discipline in the way: \nand Peter de la Mare was enjoined to build a stone \ncross, at the expense of one hundred shillings at \n\n\n\nST. LUKE. 191 \n\nleast, that one hundred poor be fed round it, on a \ncertain day every year, and that he should find a \npriest to celebrate mass during his life, where the \nbishop might appoint. This stone cross is men- \ntioned by William Wyrcestre. \n\nIn this parish is a chapel dedicated to the Holy \nand Undivided Trinity and St. George, which be- \nlongs to an almshouse founded by John Barnstaple, \nthrice mayor of Bristol. It is situated at the top \nof Old Market Street. \n\n\n\nHOLY TRINITY, \n\nPARISH OF ST. PHILIP AND JACOB. \n\nSept. 23, 1829, the foundation stone of a new \nchurch, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was laid \nnear the turnpike-gate on the road to Easton, for \nthe accommodation of the out-parishioners of this \npopulous parish. It was consecrated and opened \nfor public worship on the 17th February, 1832. \nNearly one third of the sittings are free. \n\nA large building for a school, in connection with \nthis church, as a district schoo], is built on the \nopposite side of the way, under the will of the late \nMrs. H. More, for the education of poor children. \n\n\n\nST. LUKE, \n\nOUT PARISH OF ST. PHILIP AND JACOB, \n\nIs built near to the Cotton Works, to provide \n\n\n\n192 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nreligious instruction for its inmates, as well as for \nthe rapidly increasing population of its immediate \nneighbourhood. It was opened and consecrated \nfor public worship by the Bishop of Gloucester and \nBristol, on Wednesday, September 19, 1843. \n\nThe church of St. Luke is intended to resemble \nin style the churches of the 13th century, in which \nmore detail and ornament can be dispensed with \nthan in any other style. The west doorway is a \nspecimen of early English with equilateral pointed \narch, with hood mouldings terminating on carved \ncorbels. The north doorway is similar in design \nto the west, has an equilateral pointed arch, .with \nfoliated spandrils, and the hood moulding is car- \nried horizontal over the head, and surmounted by \na window over, with ogee-shaped hood moulding \ncrocketed, terminating with a finial. The tower \nrises about 100 feet from the ground. The interior \nof this church is 100 feet long, and 46 feet broad, \nand provides free-sittings for 750 persons, and 40 \nin private pews ; and in the west gallery there is \naccommodation for 230 children, making in the \naggregate number 1020. The patronage of the \nchurch is vested in the Rev. S. E. Day, the vicar \nof the parish. There is an endowment of \xc2\xa3150 a \nyear, and it is proposed to erect a parsonage house \nadjoining. The roof is divided in the centre into \nbays terminating with pointed arches, horizontal \ntie beams or girders, which span the width of roof \n\n\n\nDISTRICTS. 193 \n\nand rest at each end on the wall plates ; thus serv- \ning to restrain any lateral expansion of the walls. \nBeneath the tie beams are spandrils, serving as \nbraces, springing from corbels. The floor of the \nchurch is supported on brick arches, turned upon \nstrong cast iron guilders; and under the church \nare spacious accommodations for 700 children, with \nrooms for school-master and mistress, and large \ncommittee-room, together with convenient offices, \nand a plentiful supply of water. The cost of erect- \ning the church, including warm -air stove, iron \nrailing, and gates, boundary walls, &c. &c. amounts \nto about \xc2\xa32,700. The limitation in price, and the \nneighbourhood in which it is placed being inhabited \nchiefly by persons in a humble sphere of life, \nwould not allow of means to carry into effect an \nexpensive style of Gothic architecture. The ar- \nchitect was Mr. S. T. Welch, of this city. \n\n\n\nDISTRICTS \n\nCONSTITUTED UNDER THE ENDOWMENT ACT, \n\n6 & 7 Victoria, Cap. 37, \nIn the Gift of the Crown and Bishop alternately. \n\nThe District of St. Jude, Trinity, parish of St. \nPhilip and Jacob, containing a population of 4800 \ninhabitants, includes Gloucester Lane, Wade Street, \nLamb Street, New Street, Brick Street, Poyntz \nPool, and places adjacent. \no \n\n\n\n194 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nSt. Simon adjoins St. Jude\'s District, and con- \ntains a population of about 2200. 62 \n\nIt is intended to erect two more district churches \nin the parish of St. Philip and Jacob, viz. one in \nUnity Street, and the other in the Dings ; one at \nHillsbridge, without Temple Gate, parish of Tem- \nple ; one at Mardyke, Hotwell Road, parish of St. \nGeorge, Brandon Hill ; one on the Weir, parish of \nSt. Peter ; and one at St. Bartholomew\'s District, \nparish of St. James. \n\n\n\nST. STEPHEN. \n\nThe original church was probably built early in \nthe thirteenth century, between the outer and \ninner walls of the old city, on the banks of the \nFrome, and dedicated to St. Stephen, the proto- \nmartyr. It is mentioned in deeds as early as 1304, \nwhen it belonged to the Abbots of Glastonbury, \nwho were its patrons till the dissolution, and by \nwhom and the parishioners the church was rebuilt \nabout the year 1465. \n\nIt is said that in 1398, John Vyel " gave to the \nchurch of St. Stephen one ring, in which was set a \nstone, part of the very pillar to which Christ was \nhound at the scourging, to be kept among the relics \nfor ever ! ! ! " \n\n62 These two districts are already assigned, ministers ap- \npointed, and a very considerable portion of money raised for \nbuilding these two churches. \n\n\n\nST. STEPHEN. 195 \n\nThe porch is very elegantly formed by a richly \ndecorated ogee canopy, presenting a groined roof \nof elaborate workmanship. \n\nThe interior of the church is in the florid or \nperpendicular style : \xe2\x80\x94 it consists of three aisles \ndivided by slender columns, composed of clustered \nshafts, with capitals of heads surrounded by a fillet \nor band; the arches are pointed, supporting a \nrange of modern clerestory windows. The ceiling \nof the centre aisle is of oak, divided into square \nbold panels, with rich bosses. \n\nThe pulpit is of mahogany, richly carved, and \ndecorated with cherubs\' heads ; the altar is of the \nlike wood, adorned with eight fluted pillars, in the \nCorinthian order, and the whole church is neatly \nwainscoted. In the centre, over the communion \ntable, is painted a dove, emblematical of the Holy \nGhost ; and over the whole is a large painting, by \nMr. Thomas Ross, of Bath, representing angels \nlifting a veil and discovering the glory of heaven. \n\nOn removing the high oak wainscoting from \nagainst the north wall, when the church was re- \npewed in the spring of 1844, three sepulchral \nrecesses, formed within the substance of the wall, \nwere exposed to view; the two eastermostwere plain \nand unoccupied; but that at the western end of \nthe aisle contained an altar tomb, with recumbent \neffigies of a man and woman, and was enriched with \nhalf trefoils, and bosses of leaves starred. The \n\n\n\n196 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nfront of the tomb was ornamented with a succession \nof shields and decorated arches, and under them \na series of niches, containing whole-length figures. \nIn the absence of all positive information respect- \ning these effigies, we have no other resource but to \nrefer to their costume, as to the period when it pre- \nvailed. The figures are habited in what was the \nprevailing dress of the higher classes in the reign \nof Edward III., and therefore could not be, as \nsome have supposed, the effigies of John Ship- \nward and his wife, who flourished in the fifteenth \ncentury. The figures and ornamental workmanship \nwere, when first discovered, much mutilated, but are \nnow repaired, and form a very interesting object. \n\nIn progressing with their work, the workmen \ndiscovered another monumental effigy of a man in \na recumbent posture, in a recess in the south wall ; \nbut whom it is intended to represent, no evidence \ncan be found. It is now removed near the others, \nin the north aisle. \n\nThere are also many other monuments worthy of \nattention, but one of the principal is that to the \nmemory of Sir George Snigge, Knight, at the \neastern end of the south aisle, which possesses \npeculiar interest. He was recorder of this city \nfrom 1592 to 1604, and celebrated during a long \nlife for his ability and integrity. He died in the \nyear 1617. He is represented as reclining at full \nlength in his robes of state, beneath a sculptured \n\n\n\nST. STEPHEN. 197 \n\ncanopy of various devices ; \xe2\x80\x94 his head is supported \nby his left hand \xe2\x80\x94 the other contains a scroll. The \nappearance of the monument from the opposite side \nof the aisle is particularly striking. \n\nIn the same aisle, over the vestry door, is a \nsingular brass, underneath which are the following \nlines : \xe2\x80\x94 \xc2\xab \n\nDeceased the 5th of September, Anno Domini 1594. \n\nRobert Kitchen, Alderman, and bis wife, \n\nLietb near this place, closed in earth and clay ; \nTheir charities alike in death and life, \n\nTVho to the poor gave all their goods away ; \nLeaving in trust such men to act the same, \n\nAs might in truth perform their good intent ; \nSo that the poor indeed and eke in name, \n\nTo lasting ages in this City meant, \nAnd other places of this City faire, \n\nAs Kendall towne and Stockland held both have, \n"With Bath the native place of her first ayre, \n\nThe bounties of their giftes they to them gave. \n\nA Chauntry was founded in this church by Ed- \nward Blanket; and to his family, who were work- \ners in wool, is attributed the name of that article \nof bed furniture. The porch or door-icay is now \ncarefully repaired, and renewed according to the \noriginal design; it is a rich bit of architecture, \nand is some atonement for the spoliation of the \ntower. \n\nDean Tucker was rector of this parish for many \nyears. \n\n\n\n198 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nThe tower, which is very lofty, and beautifully \nproportioned, was built at the sole expense of John \nShipward, (mayor of this city in 1455) an eminent \nmerchant, about the year 1470 : it is one hundred \nand thirty-three feet high, of a square figure, or- \nnamented from the bottom upwards in the Gothic \ntaste; and has been characterised by a native \namateur, as "the fairest form ever erected by the \ntaste and skill of the last Gothic school." \n\nIn 1703, three pinnacles were blown down in a \nhurricane, and did great damage to the south aisle ; \nwhich the wealth and piety of our predecessors \nspeedily restored, according to the ancient model. \n" But when its decay was lately ascertained, after \nrepeated damage, the idea of perfect restoration \nwas abandoned, (I trust for a time only) and a mu- \ntilation has taken place. Alas ! the true admirers \nof the most beautiful, because the most graceful, \ntower in England, have now to contemplate it as \n\' the sun shorn of his beams.\' 99\xe2\x82\xacS \n\n\n\nTEMPLE CHURCH, \n\nOTHERWISE OP THE HOLY CROSS, \n\nWas founded in the reign of King Stephen, \nby the Knights Templars, an order instituted in \n1118, wearing a white habit, with a red cross on- \n\n63 William "Wyrcestre Redivivus. \n\n\n\nTEMPLE. 199 \n\nthe left shoulder. Though it is evident, from its \nlong aisles, large windows, lofty ceiling, slender \npillars, and spacious area, that the present church \nhas been erected since that period; yet we have no \ndata to determine when or by whom it was rebuilt. \nIt was repaired, repewed, and an organ erected \nin 1701, at an expense of \xc2\xa3400, towards which \nEdw. Colston gave \xc2\xa3100, and the parishioners \nthe remainder. It was also under repair in 1835. \n\nWilliam Wyrcestre, in 1480, says, " The most \nbeautiful church of the Temple is founded in \nhonour of the Holy Cross, in the manor and street \ncalled Temple Street, and has great liberties and \nfranchises." \n\nThis church has a beautiful altar of curious \nworkmanship; and on each side is a painting of \nMoses and Aaron, well executed ; the floor is \nneatly paved with diamond-cut stones. \n\nThere is suspended at the entrance of the chan- \ncel a curious brass sconce, with twelve branches ; \non the top are the Virgin and Child, and under \nthem St. George killing the dragon, of very neat \nworkmanship, probably used in the time of the \nKnights Templars. There is a chapel here, dedi- \ncated to St. Katherine, which was formerly used \nby the Weavers\' Company, and which is the most \nancient part of the interior of the church. Erected \nin it is a tablet stating that the chapel was given to \nthat body by Edward I. in 1299. \n\n\n\n200 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nThe tower is twenty-five feet square, about one \nhundred and fourteen feet high, without rail, pin- \nnacle, or battlement, and deviates nearly four feet \nfrom a perpendicular line. There are buttresses \nat each angle, and a semi-octagon turret enclosed \nby those at the south-west. \n\nThe soil was evidently once a marsh, to which \nis attributed the sinking of one side of the tower, \nwhich renders its appearance quite appalling; it \nis, notwithstanding, pronounced to stand secure, \nthough it has actually separated itself from the \nchurch. Speaking of this circumstance, a Flemish \nauthor, as long ago as 1576, observes, "Abraham \nOrtelius wrote me word, that himself put a stone \nof the size of a goose egg into the chink, which, as \nthe bells rang, he saw himself give downwards, as \nthe place was narrow or wide, and at length, by \nthe frequent collision, was squeezed to pieces : and \nthat when he put his back against the tower, he \nwas afraid he should be oppressed by its fall. That \nthe mayor and others of authority there told him \nthe whole fabric of this church formerly shook and \nwas like to fall, before the chink was made there, \nand with such force, that the lamps were put out \nand the oil wasted : of this there were many living \nwitnesses in that parish. But the church now, \nbecause it is not affected by the sound of the bells, \nstands without motion." \n\nThe ancient arms of the church were the same \n\n\n\nTEMPLE. 201 \n\nas those of the Knights Templars, and of the \nTemple in London, the Holy Lamb and Cross. \nThe lion and the cross at the entrance and on the \nweather-vane appear to have been blunders of the \nartist. \n\nIn the 26th of Henry VIIL, a great controversy \narose between the Lord Prior of St. John of Jeru- \nsalem, in England, and the mayor and commonalty \nof Bristol, relating to the privilege of sanctuary in \nTemple Street, of holding a court, &c, &c, which \nwas referred to the Chief Justice and Chief Baron, \nwho declared that the liberty of sanctuary should \nbe void. King Henry soon afterwards settled all \ndisputes by the dissolution. \n\nTemple Meads, being part of the lands belong- \ning to the house of the Knights Templars, were \nexempt from tithes, and are so to this day; the \ncorporation holding those lands in the same man- \nner as the religious did. \n\nIn 1788, a remarkable character, supposed to \npossess the powers of ventriloquism, greatly duped \nthe then vicar of Temple, the Rev. Mr. Easter- \nbrook, with many others. The following is the \ntitle of a pamphlet published at the time : "A Nar- \nrative of the extraordinary case of George Lukins, \nof Yatton, Somersetshire, who was possessed of \nEvil Spirits for near eighteen years. Also an Ac- \ncount of his remarkable Deliverance in the Vestry \nRoom of Temple Church, in the City of Bristol. \n\n\n\n202 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nExtracted from the Manuscripts of several persons \nwho attended; with the Kev. Mr. Easterbrook\'s \nLetter annexed, authenticating the particulars \nwhich occurred at Temple Church." \n\nThere was once an establishment of Augustine \nFriars, where the streets called the Great Gardens \nnow stand, in this parish; and another religious \nhouse, or monastery, just within the spot where \nstood the city gate, Temple Street. \n\nIn a wall belonging to a house in Temple Street, \nexactly opposite the church, is an obtuse-pointed \narch, of ancient date, no doubt, from the corrosion \nof the stones of which it is composed ; but pro- \nbably not so ancient as a monument placed in the \nsame wall, even with the ground, which is here \ndelineated. It is asserted bv some, that this was \nthe original font in Temple Church ; \xe2\x80\x94 but we \nshould rather conjecture it was an altar, the recess \nforming the pyx, or depository of the host. It has \nsuffered so much from time and the atmosphere, \nthat little remains but its general form. If the \npresent was its original situation, it must have \nstood in the north wall ; for which reason, and no \nother, probably, it has been pronounced to be a \nfont. Why fonts should be placed on the north \nside of churches we know not, but we believe it \nis generally the case. The Templars, perhaps, \nerected their first church on this site ; \xe2\x80\x94 certainly \nthe present church has no pretensions to the age \n\n\n\nST. THOMAS. \n\n\n\n203 \n\n\n\nin which they flourished \xe2\x80\x94 moreover, the churches \nbuilt by them were of a circular form, in imitation \nof the church of the holy sepulchre at Jerusalem, \nas may be seen in London, Cambridge, Northamp- \nton, &c. \n\n\n\n\nST. THOMAS. \n\nThis church was originally built as a chapel to \nBedminster, and is called in deeds, as early as the \ntwelfth century, by the name of the Chapel of St. \n\n\n\n204 crilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nThomas the Martyr. It is said that the old church \nwas only surpassed by St. Mary Kedcliif, for the \nelegance of its structure as a Gothic edifice. But \nin consequence of extreme age, it was obliged to \nbe taken down, (except the tower) and the present \nchurch having been erected on its site, was opened \nfor divine worship on St. Thomas\'s day, 1793. It \nis divided into three aisles, by square piers or \ncolumns supporting circular arches; the middle \naisle has a lofty roof, adorned with richly orna- \nmented ribs, springing from projecting portions of \nthe cornice, cherubs\' heads being underneath. \n\nThe altar-piece, which has been much admired, \nwas painted by Mr. John King, of London. It \nrepresents St. Thomas making the acknowledgment \nof his belief in the resurrection and identity of \nChrist, as described in St. John, xx. 24 \xe2\x80\x94 29. \n\nBelow, on each side of the rails, placed on pedes- \ntals, are two figures carved in mahogany; and \nunder the commandments, supporting three brack- \nets, is some delicate and elaborate open carving of \nmatted foliage and flowers. \n\nAlthough the Canynge family had a vault in this \nchurch, in which William, the grandfather, was bu- \nried in 1398, and John, the father of the celebrated \nWilliam, was buried in 1405, no monument or \nstone is found to record the names of so distin- \nguished individuals, \n\n\n\n205 \n\n\n\nST. WERBURGH \n\n\n\nIs situated in Corn Street, at the top of Small \nStreet. Werburga was a Saxon saint, the daughter \nof Wulferus, King of Mercia. The original church \nis said to have been founded in 1190, and the \ntower built in 1385. The church being very old \nand much decayed, was taken down, rebuilt in the \nGothic style, and opened in 1761. It has a very \ngood freestone front, with large Gothic windows \nsuitable to the tower, which was preserved, and \nonly the top of it altered and repaired. On a recent \nexamination of the tower, however, it was found \nmuch dilapidated by time, and was partially repaired. \n\nThe interior of the church is lofty and spacious, \nand divided into three aisles by fluted Gothic pil- \nlars, supporting obtusely pointed arches, on which \nrest the roof of the church. \n\nA gallery at the west end has recently been \nerected, in strict architectural character with that \nof the edifice ; in which a very fine toned organ \nhas been placed. The expenses of both were de- \nfrayed principally by the present rector, (Rev. J. \nHall, B. D.) and the remainder by subscriptions. \n\nOn the right of the entrance of the north porch \nis an altar tomb, representing under a flat festoon, \nsupported by marble pillars, a recumbent figure in \nhis magisterial robes, of John Barker, Esq. Mayor \nand Alderman; various ornaments in the recess \n\n\n\n206 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nsurround a tablet, on which is recorded his name, \nhonours, and virtues. \n\nNear the above, against the wall, are two brasses ; \non the one is a kneeling figure of Nicholas Thorn, \nwith a wife on either side, and several children, \nwith labels above, containing their names. He was \na merchant of great eminence and undeviating in- \ntegrity, and terminated his career August 19, 1546, \naged 50. On the other brass there is a male and \nfemale kneeling on either side a lectern, with a \nnumber of children behind each, also kneeling. \n\nThere is also a monument erected to Humphrey \nBrown, merchant, who died March 22, 1630; and \nElizabeth, his wife, daughter of G. White, of this \ncity, merchant. \n\nHere lies a Brown \xe2\x80\x94 a White, the colours one. \nPale drawn by death, here shaded by a stone ; \nOne house did hold them both whilst life did last, \nOne grave do hold them both now life is past. \n\nIn the south aisle is a neat marble tablet to the \nmemory of the Rev. William Tandey, M. A., who \ndied March 16, 1832, aged eighty-one years. He \nwas rector of the parish for thirty-two years. \n\n" Sunday, March 16th, 1777, I preached at St. \nWerburgh\'s, the first church I ever preached in \nin Bristol. I had desired my friends not to come \nthither, but to leave room for strangers. By this \nmeans the church was well filled, but not over- \nmuch crowded," \xe2\x80\x94 John Wesley\'s Journal. \n\n\n\n207 \n\n\n\n(ffijapefe, &c. not ot fyt (Stttibltelmtnt. \n\n\n\nROMAN CATHOLICS. \n\nThe Roman Catholics have three places of wor- \nship^ viz, : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n1. In the old chapel in Trenchard Street. 64 \n\n2. In an adjoining building to the new chapel \nnow erecting opposite Meridian Place, Clifton ; and \n\n3. In St. Mary\'s Church under the Bank, St. \nAugustine\'s Back, which was opened and conse- \ncrated by the late Bishop Baines, July 7, 1843. \xe2\x80\x94 \nThis building is considered by competent judges \nto be a pure specimen of Grecian architecture, and \nmay be ranked among the most prominent build- \nings in this city. The entrance is by a magnificent \nportico, supported by columns upon the plan of \n\n64 In the vestibule of this chapel, sunk twelve feet in the \nsolid rock, lie the enormous remains of Patrick Cotter, (otherwise \nO\'Brien) whose stature was eight feet three inches ! exceeding \nby nine inches King Charles I.\'s porter, Evans, who drew Sir \nJeffrey Hudson out of his pocket at a court entertainment. \nO\'Brien, after exhibiting himself in all parts of the kingdom, \ndied at the Hotwells, Sept. 8, 1806, aged 46. He was a native \nof Kinsale, in Ireland. The idea of his bones being exposed to \npublic view after his death quite horrified him, and led him to \ngive the strictest injunctions to secure his body from the at- \ntempts of either avarice or curiosity. \n\n\n\n208 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nDiogenes\' lantern, at Athens. The interior, which \nis cruciform, contains about 4000 superficial feet, \nand is capable of holding 600 persons. The \nsanctuary, which is supported by four elegant \nCorinthian columns, is situated at its north-western \nextremity, and on its right and left are the statues \nof St. Peter and St. Paul \xe2\x80\x94 the former holding the \nkeys, the latter the sword. Over the altar is fixed \na crucifix, with the figure of the Saviour in bur- \nnished gold, surrounded by a halo, gilt with the \nsame precious metal. On the altar are placed \ntwelve elegantly chased candlesticks of silver gilt ; \nand the ante pendium, or drapery covering in front, \nwhich was worked by the nuns of the Visitation \nConvent at Westbury, is of crimson velvet, richly \nembroidered with gold. In the centre is a Maltese \ncross ; and in the side compartments are wreaths \nof the vine and ears of wheat \xe2\x80\x94 typical of the bread \nand wine used in the sacrament of the mass. \nThere being no galleries or enclosed pews in the \nchurch, its appearance is exceedingly light and \nlofty, and the novel and chaste character of the gas \nfittings harmonise well with the general style of \nthe edifice. It was built by a body of Christians \ncalling themselves " Members of the Holy, Catho- \nlic, and Apostolic Church," at an expense of about \n\xc2\xa313 3 000, and was sold to the Roman Catholics for \n\xc2\xa35,000. \n\n\n\nWESLEYAN CHAPELS. 209 \n\nMORAVIAN CHAPEL, in Upper Maudlin \nStreet, near the Infirmary, is a neat and modern \nstructure. It is furnished with an excellent organ. \n\n\n\nTHE WESLEYANS \n\nHave eight large chapels, besides many smaller \nones, viz.: \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n1. Portland Street, Kingsdown, which contains \nseveral interesting monuments and an organ. The \nliturgy is read here. \n\n2. Old King Street, otherwise Ebenezer, opened \nin 1795. \n\n3. St. Philip\'s, Old Market Street, the largest \nchapel in Bristol, opened in 1816. \n\n4. Langton Street, near Redcliff Church, opened \nJune, 1828: it has a finely-toned organ. \n\n5. Hotwell Eoad, opened in 1833. \n\n6. Shim Lane, Bedminster, opened 1836. \n\n7. Baptist Mills, opened in 1837. Near the spot \non which this chapel is erected the Rev. J. Wesley \npreached his first sermon in the open air ; the stone \non which he then stood has been used as the \nfoundation of the present building. \n\n8. Granville Chapel, near Cumberland Basin, \nHotwells, opened in 1840. \n\nThe above chapels are mostly plain buildings, \nexcept Granville, which is erected in the Gothic \nstyle, and has a very church-like appearance in \np \n\n\n\n210 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nthe exterior. It was built by the executors of that \nbenevolent man, the late Thomas Whippie, Esq.. \nof Clifton, and presented free of cost to the Wes- \nleyan Society. \n\n\n\nTHE INDEPENDENTS \n\nNumber ten chapels belonging to their denomina- \ntion in Bristol, viz. : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n1. Castle Green. The origin of this congrega- \ntion may be traced back to 1670, under the ministry \nof Dr. Ichabod Chauncy. The chapel was rebuilt \nin 1815, in a handsome quadrangular form, con- \ntaining accommodation for 1000 persons. The \nfollowing is the inscription of a tablet put up \nhere : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nIn Memory of \n\nThe Rev. William Thorpe, \n\nThe highly esteemed Pastor of this Church and Congregation \n\nfor the period of 27 years, \n\nWho entered his Master\'s joy on the 27th day of May, 1833, \n\nAged 62 years. \n\nDuring his ministry this Chapel was erected, \n\nand dedicated to the Triune Jehovah. \n\nHe was an eloquent man, and mighty in the Scriptures. \n\n2. Bridge Street : \xe2\x80\x94 a branch of the meeting for- \nmerly held in Tucker Street, and originally (temp. \nCharles II.) in St. James\'s Back, Bristol. \n\n3. Zion Chapel, Bedminster, a square building \n\n\n\nINDEPENDENT CHAPELS. 211 \n\ncapable of containing 1200 persons, erected a few \nyears since at the expense of the late J. Hare, Esq., \nof this city. \n\n4. Lower Castle Street, built in 1822; where \nDivine service is performed in the Welsh language \nin the morning, and in the English language in \nthe afternoon. \n\n5. Brunswick Square, opened in 1835. \n\n6. Newfoundland Street, St. Paul\'s. \n\n7. Anvil Square, parish of St. Philip and Jacob. \n\n8. Kingsland Chapel, Dings. \n\n9. Highbury Chapel, built at Cotham, and \nopened for public worship on July 7, 1843. This \nchapel is built in the Gothic style of the fifteenth \ncentury, and is lighted by ten Gothic windows, one \nof which, over the pulpit, is of stained glass. The \nroof and all the wood work is English oak. The \npulpit, which is of freestone, is ascended by a \ncarved oak staircase, with open banisters, in perfect \nkeeping with the general character of the building. \nNone of the pews have doors to them; and about \nhalf of the seats are open ones. The chapel, with \nits gallery, is capable of accommodating 700 per- \nsons, and contains nearly four hundred free sittings. \nThere is a convenient school room erected adjoin- \ning the chapel, which is capable of holding 200 \nchildren. The cost of the building is about \xc2\xa32,500, \nThe land was given by Richard Ash. Esq. \n\n\n\n212 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\n10. THE COUNTESS OF HUNTINGDON\'S \nCHAPEL, at the bottom of Lodge Street. The \nfoundation stone of this chapel was laid in October, \n1829, and opened for public worship in Aug. 1831. \nIt is noticed here because instead of using the \nliturgy as they were wont, the congregation have \nadopted the Independent form of public worship. \n\n\n\nTHE TABERNACLE was founded by the Rev. \nGeorge Whitefield in 1753, in Penn Street, better \nknown as Tabernacle Street, Narrow Weir; and \nis now supplied by different ministers of the Inde- \npendent connexion. The interior is appropriately \nfitted up, and contains a large and finely-toned \norgan. \n\n\n\nA FLOATING CHAPEL, fitted up with seats, \npulpit, &c, for divine worship for the Seamen in \nport, is stationed at the Grove, Broad Quay. It is \nthe hull of a large West Indiaman. \n\n\n\nTHE WELSH CHAPEL is situated in Broad- \nmead. Mr. John Wesley used to preach here long \nbefore any of the present Wesleyan chapels were \nbuilt. The services are now performed in the \nWelsh language. \n\n\n\n213 \n\n\n\nTHE BAPTISTS \n\nHave eight meeting houses, viz. : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n1. The Pithay was the first Baptist chapel \nerected in Bristol, the public meetings for divine \nworship of this denomination of Christians being \npreviously held in the Friars, and other places. 65 \nWe are told of a person being baptised here as early \nas 1652. In 1813 the congregation became so \nnumerous, under the pastoral care of the late Rev. \nThos. Roberts, 66 that a new chapel was erected in, \n\n65 The early meetings of this society were holden occasionally \nin the great room of the Dolphin Tavern, at a house on St. \nJames\'s Back, one on the Tholsey, and another in Christmas \nStreet, where the Sacrament of the Lord\'s Supper was adminis- \ntered to them by a young man named Nathaniel Ingello. This \ngentleman, who was of a genteel figure, gave offence to the rigid \nnotions of his communicants, by his careful attention to dress, \nand especially by his love for music ; his company being much \nin request among harmonious parties, out of the strict line of \nhis flock. To a remonstrance upon this species of indulgence, \nMr. Ingello replied, " Take away music ! take my life." He \nwas selected by Bulstrode Whitelock, Cromwell\'s ambassador \nto Christiana of Sweden, in 1663., (who probably became ac- \nquainted with him during his recordership of Bristol, and who \nhad himself been a professor of music) to be one of his two \nchaplains, and rector chori. He was fellow of Eton College, and \nbecame D. D. In 1660, he published a folio novel, learnedly \nallegorical, called "Bentivoglio and Urania." After the Re- \nstoration, Dr. Ingello was master of the king\'s band. \xe2\x80\x94 Evans\'s \nChronological Outline. \n\nm A tablet to the memory of this talented preacher has been \n\n\n\n214 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\n2. Old King Street, which was opened for Di- \nvine worship in 1815; and to which the Pithay \ncongregation, with their minister, then removed. \n\n3. Broadmead. There is a considerable pro- \nperty, chiefly in houses, belonging to this chapel, \nvested in the names of at least seven trustees. The \ninterest of which is to be applied in different por- \ntions, to the two pastors of the congregation, \xe2\x80\x94 to \npoor members, \xe2\x80\x94 and to poor Baptist ministers. \nThe chief pastor must understand Hebrew and \nGreek, and is the principal at the Baptist Academy \nin Stoke\'s Croft, where young men are prepared \nfor the ministry ; and for whose expenses whilst \nthere some provision is also made. \n\nplaced under the portico in King Street Chapel, and as it \ncontains some historical data we insert the inscription here : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nBeneath the portico \n\nare deposited the remains of \n\nThe Rev. THOMAS ROBERTS, A. M. \n\nwho, after a Pastorate of 34 years, \n\nDeparted this Life December 21, 1841, \n\nAged 61. \n\nThe Church assembling here met at its formation \n\nin the Friars ; \n\nIt afterwards worshipped at the Pithay, when \n\nthe increase of its members, \n\nunder Mr. ROBERTS\'S Ministry, \n\nrendered a more commodious Building requisite. \n\nBy his exertions this edifice was erected and dedicated to the \n\nTRIUNE JEHOVAH, \n\n1815. \n\n" He rests from his labouis, and his works do follow him." \n\n\n\nfriends\' meeting house. 215 \n\n4. Counterslip, at the end of Bath Street. 67 \n\n5. Thrissel Street, near Trinity Church, West \nStreet. \n\n6. Upper Maudlin Street, (service in Welsh) a \nmodern building. \n\n7. Great George Street, Park Street, and St. \nAugustine\'s Place. These two are inserted under \none head, being subject to the same ministers, \nrules, and regulations; two of which rules are that \nno one of the congregation pay any stipulated sum \nfor his seat, or towards the ministers\' maintenance ; \nthe latter professing to live literally on the daily \nand hourly providence of God. \n\n\n\nTHE FRIENDS\' Meeting House is situated \nin Rosemary Street. The Society of Friends \nappears to have originated in this city in the zea- \nlous efforts of John Camm, John Audland, Edward \nBurrough, and Francis Howgill, in Sept. 1633. \n\nIn the establishment of Quakerism in Bristol, \nno small stir was occasioned by William Rogers, 68 \n\n67 A very large building adjoining this chapel has lately been \nerected, with a handsome frontage in the Corinthian style, \ntowards Bath Street. The upper part of the building is ap- \npropriated for school rooms, class rooms, &c. with ample ac- \ncommodation for 500 children. Beneath are very eligible \nwarehouses, with counting-houses, &c. \n\n68 In a book named "The Christian Quaker distinguished \nfrom the Apostate and Innovator," levelled chiefly at Geo. Fox, \ncontaining thirteen "smiting queries," Rogers seems to have \nroused the forbearance of all the respectable members of that \n\n\n\n216 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\none of their own members residing here, who op- \nposed and questioned all the proceedings of the \nprincipal leaders of that sect. A book was pub- \nlished by him and one Ford, called "A Brief \nRelation of some Passages happening amongst the \nPeople called Quakers, of the City of Bristol, since \nthe late coming of George Fox, George Whitehead, \nWilliam Penn," &c. which gave great offence. He \nquarreled also with Robert Barclay. \n\nTHE UNITARIAN CHAPEL, in Lewin\'s \nMead, is a neat and commodious building, with \ncolumns of the Ionic order, and geometrical stairs \nto ascend the galleries. A monument to the me- \nmory of the late Rev. Lant Carpenter, LL. D., \npastor of this congregation, containing a medallion \nlikeness of the doctor, was erected here in 1842. \n\nTHE JEWS\' SYNAGOGUE, formerly the \nFriends* Meeting House in Temple Street, is a \nvery unique building. It was consecrated and \nopened for public worship with great ceremony, \nAugust, 1842. Weavers\' Hall, their former place \nof worship, in the same street, was purchased by \nmeans of a bazaar fund, in 1843, for a school for \nthe children of the poor, in connexion wdth the \nparish church of Temple. \n\nbody, as his book and his general conduct were severely repre- \nhended at divers places by a sort of manifesto. At this time the \nFriends assembled in Broadmead, up stairs, George Fox was \naccused by him of going down to avoid being taken into custody \nby the soldiery. \n\n\n\n217 \n\n\n\nI \nBIBLE, MISSIONARY, AND OTHER \n\nRELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. \n\nFor the names of the Secretaries to the following Societies, the \nreader is referred to Matthews" s Bristol Directory , which is to \nbe found at every Bookseller\'s shop. \n\n\n\nThe Bristol Auxiliary to the British and \nForeign Bible Society was instituted in the year \n1810, under the patronage of the Lord Bishop of \nthe Diocese, at a public meeting convened at the \nGuildhall, at which the Eight Worshipful the \nMayor presided. Its funds are expended in the \ndistribution of the Holy Scriptures in the city of \nBristol and its vicinity, and in aiding the foreign \nand general objects of the parent society. \xe2\x80\x94 Deposi- \ntory at Mr. Oldland\'s, 28, Corn Street, by whom \nsubscriptions are received. \n\nBristol and Clifton Naval and Military \nBible Society. \xe2\x80\x94 Treasurer, Colonel Plenderleath. \n\nThe Merchant Seamen\'s Bible Society, for \nthe port of Bristol, was formed in 1820. Its sole \nobject is to supply seamen with the Holy Scrip- \ntures without note or comment. \n\nThe Bristol Channel Mission Society. \xe2\x80\x94 \nChaplain, Bev. John Ashley, LL. D. \n\nSociety for Promoting Christian Know- \nledge \xe2\x80\x94 Bristol District. \xe2\x80\x94 The parent society \n\n\n\n218 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nwas formed in 1699, of members of the Church of \nEngland, clergy ai|d laity. \n\nThe Bristol Auxiliary to the Society for \nthe Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign \nParts. \xe2\x80\x94 The parent society was formed in 1701, \nand was composed by the charter of the chief \nprelates and dignitaries of the Church of England, \nand of several peers of the realm. From the \nfunds of this society, churches, schools, and other \nreligious edifices, have been erected in our oriental \ndominions; and also a magnificent college at \nHindoostan, under episcopal government, in which \nmissionaries are instructed in the native languages. \nIt also supports missionaries under the superin- \ntendence of the Bishops of Nova Scotia, Quebec, \nJamaica, Calcutta, Australia, &c. \n\nThe Prayer Book and Homily Society was \ninstituted here about thirty years ago, for the pur- \npose of distributing gratis, and circulating at reduced \nprices, both at home and abroad, the authorised \nformularies of the Church of England, in the ver- \nnacular tongue, and in foreign languages, without \nnote or comment. \n\nBristol Church Missionary Association is \nan auxiliary to the " London Church Missionary \nSociety for Africa and the East," the object of \nwhich is to promulgate the doctrines and episcopal \ngovernment of the Church of England among \nheathen nations. \n\n\n\nreligious societies. 219 \n\nBristol Auxiliary to the Church Pastoral- \nAid Society, formed Aug. 1836. The object of this \nsociety is to assist the clergymen of large parishes, \nby visiting the poor at their homes, reading the \nscriptures, &c. &c. and inviting them to attend the \nordinances of religion at the church. \n\nChurch op England Tract Society, insti- \ntuted in Bristol, 1811. \xe2\x80\x94 The object of this society \nis to circulate in a cheap form, among the poor \nmembers of the Church of England, her Homilies, \nthe Lives of her Reformers and Martyrs, extracts \nfrom their writings, and from the publications of \nher Bishops, with such short pieces illustrative of \nthe primitive history, constitution, and discipline of \nthe Church, as the Committee may approve. \n\nThe Bristol Diocesan Visiting Society was \nformed Dec. 24, 1829, for the purpose of extending, \nunder the direction of the parochial clergy, addi- \ntional means of relief to the poor and sick, through- \nout the city of Bristol and adjoining parishes. \n\nBristol Auxiliary Society for the relief of \npoor pious clergymen of the Established Church, \nresiding in the country, instituted in 1788. \n\nBristol and Clieton Association eor Pro- \nmoting the Moral and Eeligious Improvement \nof Ireland, formed in 1827, for the purpose of \naiding with its funds the Irish Society, the Scrip- \nture Readers\' Society, and the Sunday School \nSociety for Ireland. \n\n\n\n\xc2\xa320 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nThe Bristol Auxiliary Hibernian Society, \nin aid of the London Society, formed in 1821, for \nthe establishment of schools, and the circulation of \nthe scriptures in Ireland. \n\nBristol Auxiliary to the Irish Evangelical \nSociety, formed by the Independents. Its object \nis to spread the gospel among the Irish, by means \nof resident pastors, national itinerating teachers, \nand scripture readers. \n\nBristol Auxiliary Society for Promoting \nChristianity among the Jews, formed in 1816. \n\nAuxiliary Bristol and Clifton Society in \naid of the Missions of the United Brethren \namong the Heathen, begun in 1733. The \nmissionaries are employed in superintending the \nreligious instruction of Negroes, Esquimaux, Hot- \ntentots, Greenlanders, and others. \n\nBristol Missionary Society in aid of the \nLondon Missionary Society, founded in 1795. \xe2\x80\x94 \nThis branch society was instituted in 1812. The \nparent society has missionaries in the South Seas, \nUltra Ganges, East Indies, Russia, Mediterranean, \nAfrica, and the West Indies. \n\nThe Ladies\' Auxiliary Missionary Society, \nBridge Street Chapel, was instituted May 3, 1825. \n\nBristol Auxiliary Baptist Missionary So- \nciety was formed in 1818. The parent society has \nmissionary stations in the East and West Indies, \n&c. Their missionaries in the East are principally \n\n\n\nRELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 221 \n\nemployed in translating, printing, and circulating \nthe sacred scriptures, religious tracts, &c. ; and in \nthe West they have upwards of 20,000 persons in \nconnection with them, either as members or in- \nquirers. \n\nThe Baptists have also an Itinerant Society, es- \ntablished for the purpose of preaching the gospel, \nand distributing tracts, &c. from house to house, in \nthe villages contiguous to Bristol. \n\nWesleyan Methodist Missionary Society \nfor the Bristol District, was formed in 1815, \nto augment the general fund in London. The \nparent society employs nearly four hundred mis- \nsionaries, who are stationed in the East and West \nIndies, and all the other foreign dependencies of \nthis country, as well as in Western and Southern \nAfrica, South Seas, France, Ireland, &c. \n\nThe Bristol Seamen\'s Friend Society and \nBethel Union was formed in 1821. Its object \nis to extend the Christian religion, improve the \nmorals, and promote the general good conduct of \nBritish and foreign seamen. \n\nThe Bristol Itinerant Society was instituted \nin 1811, by the Independents, for the purpose of \nestablishing sabbath schools, preaching the gospel, \nand distributing religious tracts in the villages \ncontiguous to Bristol. \n\nBristol City and Village Mission Society, \nfor the diffusion of evangelical religion through this \n\n\n\nCHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\ncity and its vicinity, by opening houses for reading \nthe scriptures, prayer, and occasional preaching; \nby the loan of tracts, establishment of schools, &c. \n\nBristol Auxiliary Tract Society, for pro- \nmoting religious knowledge, was formed in 1802. \n\nScriptural Knowledge Institution, was \nformed by Henry Craik and George Miiller, for \nestablishing and carrying on Day Schools, Sunday \nSchools, and Adult Schools, the circulation of the \nScriptures, Tracts, &c. It is supported entirely \nby voluntary contributions: nearly one hundred \nand thirty destitute orphans, male and female, are \nalso clothed and educated upon the same principle. \n\nBristol Total Abstinence Society. \xe2\x80\x94 This \nsociety contemplates the entire removal of drunken- \nness by inculcating the advantages of total absti- \nnence from all intoxicating liquors. Tract Depot, \n9, Narrow Wine Street. \n\nBristol Auxiliary Peace Society, established \nin 1823, as an auxiliary to the London Society. \nCollector and Tract Depositary, Mr. John Ashton, \n9, Narrow Wine Street. \n\n\n\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS FOR JURISDICTION, \nCOMMERCE, AMUSEMENT, &c. \n\n\n\n"The busy hum of men.\' \n\n\n\n\nCOUNCIL HOUSE.\xe2\x80\x94 The old building which \nwas erected in 1704, was taken down in 1824, \nhaving been found inconvenient, and the present \nstructure raised on its site ; which was completed \nand opened for business in the early part of 1827. \nThe figure of Justice, on the top of the cornice, exe- \ncuted by our fellow townsman, E. H. Baily, It. A., \nis unquestionably very fine; ordinary folks, how- \n\n\n\n224 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\never, have no notion that Justice should appear \nwith her eyes unbound, and minus a pair of scales* \nOn one side of the figure are the royal arms, and \non the other the arms of the city, sculptured on a \npanel in relief. The ground floor contains the \nmayor\'s court and eight offices. \n\nA handsome freestone building has been added \nto the Council House, which is used as a common \nhall for the daily administration of justice. \n\n\n\nW!WG** \n\n\n\nNEW GUILDHALL. \xe2\x80\x94 The foundation stone \nof the New Guildhall, in Broad Street, was laid, \nOct. 30, 1843, by the mayor, attended by the cor- \nporation, with their officers and policemen; the \nprovincial grand master, assisted by the deputy \nprovincial grand master, and other members of the \n\n\n\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS. 225 \n\nmasonic lodges, their chaplain, senior wardens, \njunior wardens, deacons, &c, &c. The ceremony- \nwas divested of much of its attraction and splendour \nby the heavy, cloudy, rainy, and foggy state of the \nweather \xe2\x80\x94 the procession having literally to wade \nthrough a thick bed of mud. This splendid Gothic \nbuilding is now finished, and is quite an ornament \nto our city, as it is an honour to the architect. \n\nThere are three principal entrances. Within \nthe centre door is a corridor, 90 feet long, 12 feet \nwide, and 45 feet high, covered with an ornamental \noak roof. On either side is arranged the Law \nCourt, Court of Request, Courts of Bankruptcy, \nand rooms for the judge, mayor, counsellors, and \nothers. One of the side entrances is to the two \nCourts of Bankruptcy, and the other is for the \npublic, jurymen, and witnesses. The principal \nLaw Court is 56 by 30 feet, and 28 feet high, with \nan ornamental oak ceiling. The elevation towards \nBroad Street is designed in the early Tudor style ; \nit is 117 feet long, and 45 feet high; the centre \ncompartment runs up 28 feet higher than the \ngeneral height of the front. The first floor win- \ndows are deeply recessed, and have niches between \nthem, containing statues and shields, viz. Edward \nIII., who granted the corporation charter; Queen \nVictoria; Dunning, and Sir Michael Foster, (both \nformerly recorders of the city) and Colston and \nWhitson, benefactors. The shields in the coupled \nQ \n\n\n\n226 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nquatrefoil panels, over the windows of that floor, \nare sculptured with the armorial bearings of those \nwho have been Lord High Stewards, and the other \nshields with those of Cabot, Penn, Camden, Sou- \nthey, and other eminent men of Bristol. \n\nThe statue of King Charles II., which adorned \nthe front of our old Guildhall, is now placed in \nthe interior, as well as the coats of arms that were \nin the front of the old building. \n\n\n\nBRIDEWELL PRISON, Bridewell Lane, for \nminor offences, and the safe keeping of criminals \nbefore what is called their commitment. Previously \nto the riots in 1831, the situation of the prison \nwas singular enough, the common thoroughfare \npassing directly through it. It had two massive \noutward gates, which were always shut before \nmidnight. But the whole of it was burnt to the \nground during that awful crisis. A new Bridewell, \nhowever, is now erected, and the street widened, \nbut the gates are not restored. \n\n\n\nTHE GAOL, near Bathurst Basin, is capable of \nreceiving upwards of two hundred prisoners. The \nfoundation stone was laid in 1816, and completed \nin August, 1820. The turnkeys\' lodge, fronting \nthe river, is the entrance, on the top of which \n\n\n\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS. 227 \n\ncriminals were formerly executed. The governor\'s \nhouse is situated in the centre of four wings of the \nbuilding, and is so arranged that he has a complete \nview of the whole of the prison yards without \nleaving his room. The whole top of the governor\'s \nhouse is appropriated for the chapel, in which \ndivine service is regularly performed, by the rev. \nthe ordinary, a clergyman of the Church of England. \nThere is a communication between each wing and \nthe chapel, by means of four neat cast-iron bridges, \nfor the convenience of the prisoners\' attendance. \n\nThe cells and other apartments are heated by \nHazard\'s patent heating and ventilating apparatus. \nThe prisoners are arranged in ten different classes, \neach class being cut off from communication with \nthe other. Those committed for felonious practices \nare compelled to wear a party-coloured dress. A \ntread-mill is erected for the purpose of raising \nwater for the use of the prisoners. \n\nThe boundary wall, which is twenty feet high, is \nbuilt with the variegated marble from St. Vincent\'s \nRocks. The governor\'s house and the lodge are \nbuilt of a very dry and hard stone from Hanham \nquarry. The whole length of the building, from \neast to west, is about 358 feet. \n\nThe expense of its erection was defrayed by \nlevying a rate upon the inhabitants. \n\n\n\n228 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nA * J \n\n\n\nTHE EXCHANGE 69 was built at the expense \nof the Chamber of Bristol, and cost nearly fifty \n\n69 Four singular tables of bronze, which formerly stood under \nthe piazza of the Tolzey, are set up in front of the Exchange ; \nthey are similar in design, but the one nearest All Saints\' Church \nappears, from the florid ornaments of the supporting pillar, to be \nthe most ancient of the four. On the garter below the surface \nof a second of these tables is this record : \xe2\x80\x94 "Thomas Hobson of \nBristol made me, anno 1625. Nicholas Crisp, of London, gave \nme to this honourable city, in remembrance of God\'s mercy in \nAnno Domini 1625. N. C." On the ring of the surface, "Praise \nthe Lord, O my soule, and forget not all his benefits. He saved \nmy life from destruction and to his mercy and loving- \nkindness. Praise " The third has the following inscrip- \ntion on the ring of its surface: \xe2\x80\x94 "This post is the gift of Master \nRobert Kitchen, Merchant, some time Maior and Alderman of \nthis city, who dec. Sept. 1, 1594." On the garter beneath: \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS. \xc2\xa329 \n\nthousand pounds. The first stone was laid March \n10, 1740-1 ; on the uppermost bed of which is cut \nthe following inscription : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nRegnante Georgio II. \n\nPio, Felici, Augusto \n\nLIBERTATIS \n\nET \n\nREI MERCATORLE \n\nDomi Forisq ; \n\nVINDICE, \n\nPrimarium Lapidem hujusque iEdificii \n\nSuffragio Civium, & JEre publico extructi \n\nPOSUIT \n\nHENRICUS COMBE, Pr^tor, \n\nA. C. MDCCXL. \n\nIt was finished and opened during the mayoralty \nof Sir Abraham Elton, Bart., with every demonstra- \ntion of joy; and to render the festivities as general \nas possible, the poor prisoners, confined in Newgate \nfor debt, were released at the Chamber\'s expense. \n\nThe architect was Mr. Wood, who published a \ndescriptive pamphlet of it, containing the different \n\n"His executors were four of his servants," &c. On the ring of \nthe surface of the fourth, which stands near the Post Office, is \nthe following:\xe2\x80\x94 "A. D. 1631. This is the guift of Mr. White, \nof Bristoll, Merchant, brother unto Dr. Thos. White, a famous \nbenefactor to this citie." On the garter round the exterior ; \xe2\x80\x94 \n"The church of the living God is the pillar and ground of the \ntruth. \xe2\x80\x94 So was the work of the pillars finished." Six lines in \nverse were engraven on the centre of the table, and a shield \nwith armorial bearings, which time has obliterated. \n\n\n\n230 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nelevations and general plan. It is a very fine quad- \nrangle, with a piazza ; the interior is now used as \na corn market ; the merchants choosing rather to \nassemble at the Commercial Rooms. The south \nside forms one of the arcades in what is termed \nthe Old Market House ; the east and west sides are \nlaid out in offices, occupied by attorneys, surveyors, \n&c. It was repaired in 1796. A few of the heads \nwhich ornamented the festoons in front are fallen \noff. \n\n\n\nTHE CUSTOM HOUSE, on the northern side \nof Queen Square, was destroyed by fire during the \nBristol Riots, in October, 1831. The government \nallowed \xc2\xa36,700 towards rebuilding the present \nnew Custom House ; which, from its internal ar- \nrangements, is much better adapted for the dispatch \nof business than the old one. \n\n\n\nTHE OLD EXCISE OFFICE, being burnt \nby the rioters, a new one has been built on the \nsame site in the first Avenue leading from Prince\'s \nStreet to Queen Square. \n\n\n\nTHE POST OFFICE is a sort of wing to the \nExchange, on the west; as the Norwich Insurance \nOffice is on the east. \xe2\x80\x94 Postmaster, Thomas Todd \nWalton, Jun., Esq. \n\n\n\n231 \n\n\n\n\nTHE COMMEECIAL ROOMS, situated nearly \nopposite the Post Office, in Corn Street, opened in \nSeptember, 1811, are admirably convenient, and \nreplete with every sort of information and accom- \nmodation. The building 70 was erected by creating \nseven hundred and ten shares, at \xc2\xa325 each share : \n\xe2\x80\x94 the shareholder pays \xc2\xa32 2s. per annum, or has \nthe privilege of nominating a non-proprietor as a \nsubscriber, who pays \xc2\xa33 7s. yearly: \xe2\x80\x94 the extra \n\n\n\n70 Adorned in front by an Ionic portico of four columns, and \n"Britannia, Neptune, and Minerva, presented with tributes \nby the four quarters of the world,\' \' beautifully sculptured in \nbas-relief, by J. G. Bubb, of London. The three figures on its \nsummit represent the city of Bristol, Commerce, and Naviga- \ntion, by the same artist. \n\n\n\n232 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\n\xc2\xa31 5s. being considered as the interest on the \xc2\xa325 \nshare. A visitor to the city, whose residence is \nmore than six miles distant from it, may enjoy all \nthe advantages of these rooms for one month, pro- \nvided he be introduced by a proprietor or his \nnominee. A committee of management is ap- \npointed annually, on the fourth Monday in October. \nThe London news and commercial papers, as \nwell as those printed in the principal cities and \ntowns of the United Kingdom are daily laid on the \ntables. Here also are kept correct and authentic \nlists of all foreign and coasting vessels coming in \nand clearing out from this and other ports. In the \nbook room will be found the Encyclopaedia Britan- \nnica, and all the popular works of reference ; and \nalso the various monthly and quarterly publica- \ntions. \n\n\n\nTHE ARCADES extend from St. James\'s Bar- \nton to Broadmead ; and were erected principally \nfor the accommodation of the inhabitants of St. \nPaul, Kingsdown, &c. as affording a better medium \nof communication with the centre of the city. The \nundertaking was commenced May 27, 1824, and \ncompleted in June, 1825. The projectors and \nproprietors of it were Mr. John Wesley Hall, \nCaptain Wrayford, R. N., and Mr. Paty. \n\nThe Arcades are in length about 600 feet ; in \n\n\n\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS. 233 \n\nwidth of the walk, 12 feet ; and for uniformity, \nlightness, and elegance, are said to surpass those \nof Bath, Cheltenham, Dublin, and London. \n\n\n\nTHE MERCHANT VENTURERS\' HALL 71 \n\nis situated at the corner of King Street, and was \nbuilt in the year 1701. The chief entrance is in \nMarsh Street, ascending a flight of wide steps. In \nthe front of the building are three niches, the up- \nper one, over the entrance door, contains a figure \nintended for George III- ; in each of the others \nis a vase, on which are carved the merchants\' \narms. In the saloon is a half-length portrait of \n\n71 The Society of Merchant Venturers was incorporated in \nthis city by letters patent of King Edward VI., in the sixth \nyear of his reign : and afterwards confirmed by Queen Elizabeth \nand "King Charles I. They have landed property to a consider- \nable extent, for the support of almshouses and other charitable \nuses. This society now consists of the principal merchants of \nthe city, who are actively engaged in promoting its commerce, \ntrade, and improvement. \n\nThe above is the only trading company which now exists out \nof twenty-three, which about a century ago had their halls, \ngowns, flags, &c, and walked in procession on public occasions; \nviz. Tailors, Weavers, Surgeons, Smiths, Hoopers, White- \ntawers, Dyers, Joiners, Wire Drawers, Cordwainers, Tanners, \nButchers, Bakers, Innholders, Saddlers, Hatters, Turners, Pipe \nMakers, Carpenters, Halliers, Porters, Tylers, and Masons. \nThe Halls in which these companies were wont to assemble \nare now converted into cooperages, exhibition rooms, bonded \nwarehouses, &c. &c. \n\n\n\n234 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nthe distinguished philanthropist, Edward Colston, \nEsq., painted by Richardson. The interior is very \nhandsome. Here the Prince of Wales, afterwards \nGeorge IV., dined, when he visited our city in \n1807. \n\n\n\nTHE BACK HALL, in Baldwin Street, is the \ngreat mart for hides, leather, &c. \n\n\n\nMASONIC LODGES.\xe2\x80\x94 The Free Masons have \ntwo lodges in Bristol; viz. one in Bridge Street, \nmost splendidly fitted up, and the other in Broad \nStreet. \n\n\n\nTHE THEATRE ROYAL, King Street.\xe2\x80\x94 This \ntheatre, it is said, was highly eulogised by Garrick, \non the score of its just dimensions: a prologue was \nalso written by him for the opening night, which \nwas repeated by Powell, May 30, 1766. The \nroyal licence was obtained in 1767. 72 \n\nIt is said that plays were first publicly performed \nin this city, in a building in Tucker Street, now \nBath Street, springing originally, perhaps, from the \nmummeries of Temple Fair : this theatre was con- \n\n72 In 1532, and in several succeeding years, actors, under the \nprotection of noblemen, were hired by the magistrates, to ex- \nhibit in the Guildhall. \xe2\x80\x94 Evans\' s Chronological Outline, \n\n\n\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS. 235 \n\nverted into a meeting-house. We hear of the players \nat one time in Stoke\'s Croft, \xe2\x80\x94 at another time pro- \nfaning those walls which formerly belonged to \nLady Huntingdon\'s congregation, in St. Augustine\'s \nPlace : hence they were expelled, as unfit to be \nwithin the precincts of the city. They then took \nrefuge at Jacob\'s Wells, on the Clifton side of \nBrandon Hill. In that humble theatre, many of \nthe great names in histrionic fame " fretted their \nhour" for very slender emolument. \n\nThe Theatre Royal is at present very ably con- \nducted by Mrs. M\'Cready, widow of a former \nmanager. \n\nThe Theatre is open for dramatic exhibitions \nfrom December to May. \n\n\n\nTHE ASSEMBLY ROOM is on the west side \nof Prince\'s Street. The front is built with free- \nstone, and consists of a rustic basement, which \nsupports four double columns of the Corinthian \norder, over which is a pediment. Curas cithara \ntollit, is inscribed in front, which means, that music \nis a specific for care ; but the Victoria Rooms, at \nthe top of Park Street, from their more eligible \nsituation and spaciousness, have almost superseded \nthe use of the Assembly Room for the purposes \noriginally intended when it was built. \n\n\n\nTHE BRISTOL LIBRARY is in King Street. \n\n\n\n236 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nIn 1615, Mr. K. Redwood bequeathed a house in \nKing Street, to be converted into a public library ; \nand Tobias Matthews, Archbishop of York, a na- \ntive of Bristol, contributed a number of books, " for \nthe use of the aldermen and shopkeepers." \n\nIn 1779, the Rev. A. Catcott, vicar of Temple, \nin this city, having bequeathed to this library his \nwhole museum of minerals, fossils, and natural \ncuriosities, with a valuable collection of books, \na new wing of freestone was added to the original \nbuilding for their reception. \n\nArthur Broughton, M. D., one of the physicians \nto the Bristol Infirmary, (who died in Jamaica in \n1796,) gave to this library a collection of speci- \nmens in natural history, chiefly botanical, a cabinet \nof coins, and several valuable MSS. \n\nIn addition to the above gifts and contributions, \nthe annual donations and subscriptions form the \nmeans of perpetually increasing the number of \nbooks, &c, in this valuable institution. A librarian \nor his deputy is in constant attendance during \nthe hours appointed by the committee. \n\n"We believe the price of a share in this library \nis about \xc2\xa310 10s. by which the party becomes a \nproprietor, if approved of by the committee ; and \nan additional annual subscription of \xc2\xa31 lis. Qd, \nis paid in advance. Strangers may obtain access \non application to the committee. \n\n\n\n237 \n\n\n\n\nTHE BRISTOL INSTITUTION/ 3 "for the \n\nadvancement of Science, Literature, and the Arts," \nat the bottom of Park Street, was commenced in \n1820; and the expense of the building defrayed \nby transferable shares of \xc2\xa325 each. The Institution \nwas established in the spring of 1823. Every \nproprietor of the building has a right to be a mem- \nber of the Institution, or to appoint a nominee on \nan unoccupied share, paying the annual subscrip- \ntion of two guineas. This gives access to the \n\n73 The beautifully sculptured figures which ornament the \nportico are, " the Arts, Sciences, and Literature, introduced by \nApollo and Minerva to Bristol, who, seated on the Avon, re- \nceives them under her protection, and dispenses to them re- \nwards ; \xe2\x80\x94 whilst Plenty unveils herself to Peace, as under the \ndominion of their happy influence." \n\n\n\n238 chilcott\'s Bristol guidb. \n\nreading rooms, which are supplied with the leading \nnewspapers, and various foreign and English peri- \nodicals, and are open from nine in the morning till \nten at night ; \xe2\x80\x94 to the museum, which is open from \neleven till four ; \xe2\x80\x94 to all gratuitous lectures ; \xe2\x80\x94 and \nto the Philosophical and Literary Society annexed \nto the Institution. On subscribing to any course of \nlectures, a member or nominee has a privilege set \nof tickets ; and, either personally, or by letter, may \nintroduce any visitors to the museum, and persons \nresiding ten miles from Bristol for one month to \nthe reading rooms. Strangers may also subscribe \nto the latter for six or twelve months; and, by \na recent regulation, all individuals whether resident \nor not, may, on subscribing one guinea per annum, \nhave free access to the museum, and to the scientific \nbooks of the Institution, with the power of intro- \nducing their friends. This subscription also gives \neligibility to the Philosophical and Literary Society. \n\nThe museum is very extensive, and is held in \nhigh estimation by men of scientific eminence; \nyet it has been formed, with little exception, by \nthe donations of specimens from public -spirited \nindividuals, or by subscriptions raised for specific \npurposes. It necessarily entails, however, a heavy \nexpenditure upon the Institution, to which its \nregular income is at present inadequate. \n\nBesides the objects of interest to the curious \nand the scientific, which are constantlv accessible, \n\n\n\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS- 289 \n\nand the public meetings of the Philosophical So- \nciety, to which admission is easy, several courses \nof lectures are delivered every session, which have \ncontributed greatly to the diffusion of knowledge ; \nand there have been several admirable Exhibitions \nof Paintings, which have essentially promoted the \ntaste for the fine arts in this district. \n\nThe following sketch of the arrangement and \nleading contents of the Institution, may be useful \nto those for whom our Guide is peculiarly de- \nsigned. On entering the vestibule we find a \ncast of the Laocoon, one of Diana robing, and an \nAstronomical Clock ; and, from the main entrance, \nwe have the reading rooms in view before us. \nTurning to the right, we enter the hall, in which \nare Meteorological Instruments, casts of the Frieze \nof a Temple of Apollo in Arcadia, a fine cast of \nApollo Belvidere, the Dying Gladiator, Venus \nde Medici, a beautiful marble bust of Sir Thomas \nLawrence, P.R. A., by Baily, a cast of James Watt, \nby Chantry, &c. Opposite the door is the com- \nmittee room, in which are many illustrative \ncuriosities arranged geographically, and a fine \nantique chair. Facing the staircase is the \nlecture room; beyond which, in the basement, \nare the Laboratory, the Curator\'s Private Room, \nthe Apparatus Room, &c. At the head of the \nstaircase we find a suit of Armour ; casts of the \nBusts of Byron and Campbell, by Baily ; two Ma- \n\n\n\n240 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nrine Models and a Mummy, from which the outer \ncovering has been removed, displaying the minute- \nness of its envelopment; Mummy Cases; a Burmese \nHindoo Idol, &c. In the circular room, over the \nvestibule, are other Casts from a Frieze and figures \nbelonging to the Egina Marbles, some antique \nSepulchral Urns from Deverell and other Barrows, \nBotanical Collections, and scientific books of refer- \nence for the Museum. In the great room, on the \nfloor, are cases containing Recent and Fossil Shells, \nEchinodermata, Crinoidea, Fossil Fishes, and Mam- \nmalia ; also a skeleton of the elephant, above this a \nskeleton of a whale, and around the walls are many \nfine specimens and casts of the extinct Saurian \nanimals, skeletons of Quadrupeds, &c. In the \nGallery are found Aquatic Birds, Preparations, \nReptiles, Fossil Vegetables, Crustacea, Chelonia, \n&c. Casts from the Egina Marbles, possessed only \nby this and the Liverpool Institution, are in the \ngallery opposite the door, arranged as they pro- \nbably appeared in the pediments of the Temple \nof Jupiter Panhellenius. From the further side \nof the great room, on the left, we enter the \nmineral room, where there is a beautiful and \nchoice collection of Minerals, of which a catalogue \nlies on the cases; a classified series of Corals, \nSponges, and some beautiful artificial Crystals. \nAbove this room, passing from the gallery, is \nthe geological room, particularly designed for \n\n\n\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS. 241 \n\nspecimens illustrating the geology of the Bristol \nDistrict: in which is also placed the Insect Cabinet, \nand two fine specimens of the recent Pentacrinus. \nFrom the nearest side of the great room, on the \nright, is the entrance to the zoological room, on \nthe floor of which are many interesting specimens \nof the Mammalia, and of the larger Reptiles ; and \nin the Gallery, a considerable number of Birds. \nIn this room is the beautiful statue of " Eve at \nthe Fountain," by Baily, which is deservedly re- \ngarded as one of the greatest ornaments of the \nInstitution. It will be contemplated by per- \nsons of taste in different points of view; but \nthat which best displays the exquisite delicacy \nand gentle reflectiveness of the countenance, as \nwell as the graceful contour of the form, is from \nbehind, towards the left. \n\n\n\nTHE BRISTOL ATHENAEUM, Corn Street, \nnearly opposite the Old Bank. This institution is \nformed for the purpose of promoting moral and \nintellectual improvement, by means of libraries for \ncirculation and for reference ; newspapers and pe- \nriodical publications; lectures, discussions, and \nclasses, for instruction and improvement in litera- \nture, the arts and sciences. The lectures include \ntheological and political science, but not party or \nlocal politics, or controversial theology. There are \n\nR \n\n\n\n242 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nsuitable rooms for the foregoing purposes^ and also \nfor various other classes now (1846) in the course \nof formation- The necessary capital fund is to be \nraised in donations, \xe2\x80\x94 in ten pound transferable \nshares, \xe2\x80\x94 and in two pound shares, also trans- \nferable. \n\nThe Bristol Established Church Book Association \nand the Bristol Mechanics 9 Institution are now \namalgamated with the Bristol Athenaeum; the \nlatter taking to the libraries and other effects of the \ntwo institutions. \n\nTERMS op subscription: \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nThe use of the Reading Room and Library, and a \ntransferable Ticket of Admission to the ordinary \nperiodical Lectures ... ... Annually... \xc2\xa31 1 \n\n\xe2\x80\x94 . \xe2\x80\x94 \xe2\x80\x94 Half- Yearly 14 \n\n\xe2\x80\x94 \xe2\x80\x94 \xe2\x80\x94 Quarterly... 8 \nThe use of the Reading Room and Library after Five \n\no\'clock in the Evening, and a transferable Ticket \n\nto the ordinary periodical Lectures... Annually... 10 6 \n\n\xe2\x80\x94 \xe2\x80\x94 Half- Yearly 6 6 \n\n\xe2\x80\x94 \xe2\x80\x94 \xe2\x80\x94 Quarterly... 4 \n\nSubscribers of 5s. 6d. 9 consisting of apprentices, or minors \nunder 18 years of age, are entitled to the same privileges as the \nAnnual Subscribers of 10s. 6<i,, except the use of the News- \npaper Reading Room. \n\nHalf-yearly Subscriptions commence the 1st of January, and \nthe 1st of July. Quarterly Subscriptions commence the 1st of \nJanuary, the 1st of April, the 1st of July, and the 1st of October. \n\nPersons desirous of becoming Members, may obtain every in- \nformation on application to the Secretary, at the Institution. \n\n\n\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS. 243 \n\nTHE BRISTOL ACADEMY FOR THE \nPROMOTION OF THE FINE ARTS. 73 \xe2\x80\x94 The \nimmediate objects of the society are the advance- \nment of the art of painting in oil, fresco, and water \ncolours; of drawing in chalk; of the study of \nsculpture and architecture ; and also of any other \nbranches of the fine arts which the committee may \nfrom time to time authorise. First, to encourage \nand foster native talent by the formation of a correct \nschool of design, and by awarding from time to \ntime, as far as the funds of the society enable \nthem, prizes to students of superior merit. Se- \ncondly, to furnish artists of established reputation \nwith increased facilities of advantageously placing \ntheir works before the public for sale or inspection. \nAnd, thirdly, the gratification of the public by \noccasional exhibitions of ancient and modern art. \n\nThere is an annual exhibition of pictures and \nother works of art, by the members and students \nof the Academy, which are open for public view. \nThere is also an Art Union in connexion with the \nAcademy. Every information may be obtained at \nthe Institution, Park Street. \n\n\n\nThere is likewise an exhibition of paintings, &c, \nin the spring of the year, at the Albert Rooms, \nCollege Green, to which is attached an Art Union. \n\n73 There is no public building for this exhibition, but funds \nare provided for erecting one. \n\n\n\n244 \n\n\n\nCHILCOTT S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\n\n\nBRISTOL BARRACKS. \xe2\x80\x94 The foundation \nstone of these barracks was laid in the parish of \nHorfield, near Bristol, June 3, 1845, by the Right \nWorshipful Deputy Provincial Grand Master, and \nthe Free Masons of Bristol, by permission of Her \nMajesty\'s Board of Ordnance. The day was fine, \nand the ceremony was an imposing one, the mayor, \nsheriffs, corporation, and the local military authori- \nties being in attendance, headed by the band of the \n76th regiment. The works are now (1846) speedily \nprogressing towards completion. \n\n\n\n\nTHE VICTORIA ROOMS, near Tyndall\'s \nPark Gate. \xe2\x80\x94 The committee selected from the \n\n\n\nPUBLIC BUILDINGS. 245 \n\ntemples of Greece models for the erection of this \nedifice, and which are adopted both in the exter- \nnal elevation of the building, and in the interior \ndecorations of the rooms. \n\nThe principal entrance is under an octa-style \nportico of Corinthian columns, with the modillion \nentablature, the tempanum of the pediment being \nenriched with sculpture ; the ascent in front is up \na flight of steps; at the upper level of which, \nunder the portico, is a carriage drive for ladies in \ntempestuous weather. \n\nThe outer hall, in which servants are to wait, \nis 52 by 18 feet, and 22 feet high; from this hall \nthe company proceed through the corridor or \nlobby, in which are the pay places and check \ntaker\'s stand, to the vestibules, opening into the \noctagon and reception rooms, and also into the \ncloak and committee rooms. \n\nThe octagan, which is 26 feet in diameter, and \n45 feet high, is used as an ante-room and refresh- \nment room. The reception room is 70 feet long \nby 30 feet wide, and 30 feet high, exclusive of a \ngallery 30 feet by 10, at one end of the room. \n\nThe large hall is 117 feet long by 55 feet wide, \nand 47 feet high. Ventilation and warmth have \nbeen attentively studied for the several rooms. \n\nIn the lower or basement floor, every domestic \nand culinary office is provided on an extensive scale. \n\nDuring the year numerous concerts and public \n\n\n\n246 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nmeetings of various societies are held here. And \nhere also are held the annual exhibitions of \nthe Bristol Botanical and Horticultural \nSociety. \n\n\n\nTHE BEISTOL GENERAL CEMETERY, \nArno\'s Vale, within one mile of the city, on the \nBath road, was incorporated by Act of Parliament, \nI Victoria. \xe2\x80\x94 Office, 12, Corn Street \n\nThere are two chapels erected here, one for the \nuse of members of the Established Church, and \nthe other for Dissenters. \n\nCHARGES, (With an extra Fee of Us. for Interments before 2 p. m., or \nafter Sunset.) On future Interments, after purchase of a Vault or \nGrave, the Fees only are payable. \n\nInterment Few. \n\n\xc2\xa3 s. d. \xc2\xa3 s. d. \nAn Interment in Catacombs under Chapel.... 7 4 4 \nIn the Cemetery, a Brick Grave, in perpe- \ntuity (masonry included) 7 2 2 \n\nNone on first \nAnd a Private Grave, not bricked, but also in Intermeut, \n\nperpetuity 2 afterwards \n\n\xc2\xa31 Is. \nA Common Interment, 10s. But the above charges do not include the \nClergy\'s Mortuary Fee of 10s., when payable under the Act. \n\nN. B. No Mourning Favours are expected at the Cemetery. \nThe Company provide Shillibeer\'s Patent Funeral Carriage, by which the \ndeceased and six friends are conveyed to the Cemetery for 15s.; and they \ndirect the attention of those parties to it who would find a walking funeral \nto the Cemetery inconvenient. The Interment and use of the Carriage will \nthus amount to only \xc2\xa31 5s. \n\nThe same Carriage, with Canopy, &c. can be used for more expensive \nfunerals, if desired. \n\n\n\n247 \n\nHOSPITALS, CHAKITIES, PUBLIC \nSCHOOLS, & ALMSHOUSES. \n\n\n\n" Man to man must bring relief." \n\n\n\nIt is a fact which cannot be denied, that few \nold books can be found which mention Bristol in- \ncidentally, in which the character of its inhabitants \nis not assailed as being " sordid/\' " selfish/\' " ill- \nmannered," " narrow-minded/\' &c. ; nevertheless \nthe following are incontrovertible evidences of dis- \ninterested liberality, and one may almost say, of \noverflowings of the milk of human kindness. \n\nThe chairman of the Commission appointed to \ninquire into Charitable Trusts and Foundations, \nsaid, in 1824, that he believed that more money \nhad been vested for benevolent purposes in Bristol \nalone than would be found in the whole empire \nof France. The following demand particular \nnotice : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nSt. Peter\'s Hospital is situated in Peter \nStreet. It is a very ancient building, and was \noriginally used as a sugar house ; but in 1625 it \nwas converted into a Mint (a name by which it is \ncommonly designated to this day) to coin silver \nmoney, \xe2\x80\x94 and after coining \xc2\xa343,500,000 it ceased \nto work. In 1697 it was erected into the City \nHospital, for the relief of the poor of the city, recep- \ntion of lunatics, &c, and continues so to this day. \n\n\n\n248 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nFour respectable inhabitants, chosen out of each \nparish, to serve for four years in succession as \nguardians, a governor, a deputy-governor, the \nsenior churchwarden of each parish, chosen an- \nnually, assisted by solicitors, manage the affairs of \nthis hospital, and are denominated " The Corpora- \ntion of the Poor." The time and attention of the \ngovernor, deputy-governor, guardians, and church- \nwardens, are gratuitously given. \n\nAn annual assessment is laid upon the whole \ncity to provide it with funds for the employment, \nmaintenance, and regulation of the poor of Bristol; \nto enable it to receive within its walls lunatics, \nsuperannuated persons, poor children bereft of \ntheir parents, &c. 74 \n\nThe Bristol Infirmary, Marlborough Street, \nwas founded in the year 1735, and was opened \nunder the auspice of John Elbridge, Esq., deputy- \ncomptroller of his majesty\'s customs, who was at \nthe expense of the original building; to which \nseveral of the adjoining houses were added after \nhis death, as opportunities occurred of purchasing \nthem, by John Backwell, Esq., the then mayor, \nand numerous other gentlemen, who largely con- \ntributed to its support, and who now had the \n\n74 The Corporation of the Poor have now possession of what \nwas the French Prison at Stapleton, St. Peter\'s Hospital being \ninadequate to afford accommodation for more than half the \nnumber of poor requiring permanent relief. \n\n\n\nCHARITIES. 249 \n\nmanagement of its affairs ; but as many inconveni- \nences arose out of this plan, the whole of the old \nstructure was pulled down ; and in 1784 the first \nstone of the present central building was laid by- \nMr. Paty, the architect, to which an eastern wing \nwas added in June, 1788 : and in February 26, \n1805, a meeting of the subscribers was held for the \npurpose of considering the means of adding a new \nwing to the west of the centre, E. Protheroe, Esq. \nthe then mayor, in the chair; when the sum of \n\xc2\xa310,602 was promptly subscribed for its completion \nand support. We must not omit the fact also, \nthat the sum of \xc2\xa313,515 was advanced in the \nyear 1797, as a voluntary contribution to meet its \nnecessities. \n\nThe annual expenditure in this institution is \nupwards of \xc2\xa37,000, which is contributed by yearly \nsubscriptions of two and five guineas, donations, \nand interest in the public funds arising from various \nbequests. 75 It has accommodations for more than \ntwo hundred in-patients, and the average number \nreceived in twelve months is upwards of two thou- \nsand ; whilst at least seven thousand four hundred \nout-patients receive assistance in advice and medi- \ncines gratuitously. \n\nThe building contains an operation room, hot \nand cold baths, an extensive and very valuable \n\n75 Thirty guineas contributed at one time constitute a trustee \nfor life. \n\n\n\n250 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nmuseum, (contributed by the late Mr. Richard \nSmith, the senior surgeon) a lecture room, and \nlibrary. The wards are spacious and well venti- \nlated ; and great attention is paid to the cleanliness \nand comfort of the patients. \n\nThe charity is governed by four quarterly boards, \nand the details by a weekly committee, consisting \nof thirty subscribers ; to whom are added the \ntreasurer, one physician, and one surgeon, who \nare members ex officio. Two house visitors inspect \nthe whole establishment in every department, and \nenter their report in a book which is placed before \nthe committee weekly. \n\nThe ordinary days of admission, by a recom- \nmendatory note of a subscriber, are Mondays \nand Thursdays, at twelve o\'clock; but casualties \nand all cases of emergency are taken in immedi- \nately, night or day, without any note of recom- \nmendation. \n\nThe officers of this establishment are a treasurer, \nfour physicians, five surgeons, a resident apothe- \ncary, a matron, secretary, and a chaplain. \n\nBristol Dispensary. \xe2\x80\x94 This institution has now \nbeen established sixty-nine years. Its object is to \nassist poor lying-in married women, and the poor \nof both sexes, labouring under the pressure of \npain and sickness, with professional advice and \nmedicines at their own residences. The total \nnumber of sick patients visited since its institution \n\n\n\nCHARITIES. 251 \n\nin 1775, is 98,031; and of midwifery patients, in \nsixty-seven years, 26,125. There are two apothe- \ncaries appointed to this institution ; one resides in \nNorth Street, and the other in Queen Square. \nEvery annual subscriber of one guinea is entitled \nto four notes for sick, and one for midwifery pa- \ntients. For each note given to the apothecary, the \npatient has six weeks\' gratuitous attendance and \nmedicine, if necessary. \n\nA Dispensary for similar objects has been \nestablished for the parish of Clifton, in Dowry \nSquare, Hotwells. \n\nBristol General Hospital, Guinea Street, \nestablished in 1832. In this asylum for the sick \nand lame poor, a separate ward is provided for the \nreception of females (servants and others) specially \nrecommended, who may be willing to pay a small \nweekly stipend for their board: this is distinguished \nby the name of the stipendiary ward. \n\nAnother feature of this valuable institution is a \nself-supporting dispensary, the purpose of which \nis to afford relief to the poor when suffering from \ndisease or accident, and at the same time to pro- \nmote a spirit of independence among the labouring \nclasses ; who though unable adequately to remu- \nnerate a medical attendant, may yet feel a repug- \nnance to eleemosynary aid, and therefore fail to \nprocure that prompt assistance on which the pre- \nservation of life so often depends ; but which, at \n\n\n\n252 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nthe lowest possible cost, the self-supporting dis- \npensary is designed to place within their reach. \n\nNearly four hundred in-patients are received \nannually in this institution, whilst about three \nthousand out-patients receive advice and medi- \ncines. It is supported by subscriptions and \ndonations. \n\nThe Strangers\' Friend Society was formed \nin the year 1786, for the purpose of relieving sick \nand distressed persons at their own homes. The \nmembers of this society are very active, and their \nlabours are an honour to human nature. Cast-off \nclothes for men, women, and children, are received, \nand bestowed on the necessitous poor. \xe2\x80\x94 Treasurer, \nJ. S. Harford, Esq. \n\nThe Friend-in-Need Society is similar in its \nobject to the Strangers 5 Friend Society. \xe2\x80\x94 Treasurer, \nMr. W. D. Wills. \n\nThe Lying-in Institution, for assisting im- \nmediately poor lying-in women, whether natives \nor strangers. It is supported by annual subscrip- \ntions of five shillings and upwards. \n\nDorcas Society, for relieving poor women \nwhen lying-in, by the loan of necessaries during \ntheir confinement; and for bestowing wearing \napparel to other distressed females. \xe2\x80\x94 Secretary, \nMrs. Roper, Royal Fort. \n\nSt. Philip\'s Dorcas Society, for the benefit of \npoor lying-in women belonging to the parish. It \n\n\n\nCHARITIES. 258 \n\nis conducted by a committee of ladies. \xe2\x80\x94 Treasurer, \nMrs. S. E. Day. \n\nFemale Misericordia, also for the relief of sick \nand lying-in women, was instituted in 1800. \n\nInstitution for Diseases of the Eyes, Lower \nMaudlin Street. This institution was formed in \n1810, under the patronage of their Royal High- \nnesses the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, \nSince its formation, upwards of 19,700 persons have \nbeen relieved. Its object is to afford advice and \nmedicine gratuitously to all poor people who apply \nfor relief. \n\nThere is also a similar Dispensary in Frogmore \nStreet, where upwards of 38,000 individuals have \nbeen cured or relieved. It was founded by J. B. \nEstlin, Esq., the present surgeon to it, in 1812. \nAttendance at one o\'clock on Wednesday, and at \nnine o\'clock on Sunday morning. This institution \nis also supported by annual subscriptions and do- \nnations. \n\nAsylum, or School of Industry for the \nBlind, at the top of Park Street, where a spacious \nbuilding, with an episcopal chapel attached, is \nerected, was instituted in 1793 \xe2\x80\x94 incorporated in \n1832. The objects of this charity, males and \nfemales, who are received from all parts of the \nkingdom, are employed chiefly in making baskets. \nSurprisingly cheerful they generally are, and to \nwitness them at work is very interesting. Candi- \n\n\n\n254 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\ndates for admission must in all cases be recom- \nmended by a life member or an annual subscriber, \nwho will furnish the friends of the applicant, or \nthe officers of the parish in which he or she resides, \nwith a series of printed questions, to which answers \nmust be returned before admission. Half a year \nin advance must in every instance be paid to the \ninstitution, from the day the applicant is received, \nand security given that each succeeding half year\'s \npay shall always be remitted in advance. Strangers \nare admitted to see the Asylum on Mondays, Wed- \nnesdays, and Thursdays, from eleven to twelve \no\'clock in the forenoon, and from two to four \no\'clock in the afternoon. They are requested not \nto make any remaks upon the personal appearance \nof the pupils in their hearing, nor to offer money \nto any pupil or servant of the institution. Boxes \nare provided for receiving any contributions, to be \ndistributed as rewards to the pupils : also a book, \nfor entering any donation or annual subscription \nwhich visitors may be disposed to give to the insti- \ntution. The pupils assemble in the Music Room \nevery Monday afternoon, at three o\'clock, for the \nperformance of Sacred Music, to whicl} visitors are \nadmitted. \n\nThe Bristol Deaf and Dumb Institution, \nPark Eow, opposite Lodge Street, was formed \nhere in 1841, for the Instruction of Deaf and Dumb \nChildren, of both sexes, and of all ranks and con- \n\n\n\nCHARITIES. 255 \n\nditions of life, from seven years of age and upwards. \nThe benefits of the institution are open to persons \nresiding in the counties of Somerset, Gloucester, \nWilts, Hereford, Monmouth, and the southern \ndivision of South Wales. \n\nTerms of Admission. \n\nPrivate Pupils \xc2\xa350 per Annum. \n\nMiddle ditto 20 \xe2\x80\x9e \n\nPoorer Classes of ditto 10 \xe2\x80\x9e \n\nDay Pupils received gratuitously. \n\nThe Humane Society, for the recovery of \npersons apparently drowned, or from any other \nspecies of suffocation. Its benefits are extended \nten miles round the city. There are several stations \nnear the Quay, where assistance may be immedi- \nately obtained. \n\nBristol Female Penitentiary, Upper Maud- \nlin Street, was opened in 1800, for the purpose \nof receiving those unhappy females who have \ndeparted from the paths of virtue, and wish to \nretrieve their lost character. They are employed \nin needle work, &c, till restored to the station in \nsociety which they had lost. \xe2\x80\x94 Secretary, Mr. D. \nVickery, 5, Bedford Place. \n\nBefuge Society, 6, Lower Castle Street, was \nformed in 1814. It has the same object as the \nPenitentiary. \n\nThe, Guardian House, Upper Maudlin Street, \nfor the safety of poor destitute girls (who often \n\n\n\n256 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nincur great risk of character by being compelled to \ntake shelter in low lodging houses) and instructing \nand qualifying them for servitude, until situations \nare provided for them. Conducted by a committee \nof ladies. \xe2\x80\x94 Collector, Mr. Whereat, Bookseller. \n\nBristol Servants\' Home and Kegistry, 22, \nMaudlin Street. \xe2\x80\x94 Young women are admitted into \nthis excellent institution in cases of emergency, the \ncharge for lodgings being 3d. per night. One \nshilling is charged for registration. \n\nAsylum eor Orphan Girl&, at Hook\'s Mills, \na small distance out of town. This very interesting \nestablishment, formed in 1795, is supported by \nvoluntary contributions, and contains upwards of \nforty fatherless and motherless female children, \nwho are clothed, boarded, and instructed in read- \ning, writing, plain needle-work, and every kind of \ndomestic employment ; thus qualifying them for \nthe useful occupations of servants, &c. in future life. \nIn a chapel adjoining, divine service is performed \non Sunday mornings, by the chaplain, a clergyman \nof the Church of England ; and from the first of \nMay to the twenty-ninth of September, there is \nalso an evening service. We strongly recommend \na visit to this very interesting establishment by the \ncharitable and humane, as we understand that the \nfunds are far from being abundant. \n\nThe National Benevolent Institution was \nfounded by the late P. Herve, Esq., (Bristol Dis- \n\n\n\nCHARITIES. 257 \n\ntrict) for the relief of distressed persons in the \nmiddle ranks of life, of whatever country or creed. \nDonations and subscriptions are received by Messrs. \nMiles, Harford, and Co., Bankers. \n\nThe Prudent Man\'s Friend Society was \nestablished in 1812, for the promotion of economy, \nby the loan of sums of money, on security, without \ninterest; the principal being returned in small \nweekly payments. The directors of this society \nalso patronise the Savings Bank, where applica- \ntion must be made on Monday mornings, from ten \nto twelve o\'clock. \n\nThe Bristol Flannel Clothing Society was \nestablished for the distribution of warm clothing \nto the poor of Bristol, Clifton, &c. \n\nThe Bristol Samaritan Society was insti- \ntuted in 1807. Its object is to assist the poor and \nthe wretched from sinking under the pressure of \ntemporal distress and affliction. \n\nReynolds\'s Commemoration Society. \xe2\x80\x94 Rich- \nard Reynolds, one of the Society of Friends, being \npossessed of very ample means, was in the habit of \ndispersing very large sums annually in this city to \ndeserving objects, in the most private and unosten- \ntatious manner. At the time of his death it was \ndiscovered how great a stream of bounty was likely \nto be suddenly dried up, unless the compassionate \nof all classes stepped forward to prevent so distress- \ning an event. A general meeting of the inhabitants \n\n\n\n258 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nwas therefore convened at the Guildhall, Oct. 2, \n1816, (J. Haythorne, Esq., the then mayor, in the \nchair,) when subscriptions were entered into and \nthe above charitable institution was formed. \n\nMary Ann Peloquin, in 1779, gave to the cor- \nporation, in trust, \xc2\xa3300, the interest, 76 \xc2\xa35 to the \nrector and \xc2\xa32 to the curate of St. Stephen\'s, for ser- \nvice and a sermon on the 25th of December, the \nremainder to the clerk and the sexton; \xe2\x80\x94 \xc2\xa315,200, \nthe interest to thirty-eight poor men and thirty- \neight poor women, housekeepers of Bristol; \xe2\x80\x94 \n\xc2\xa32,500, the interest to poor lying-in women, \n\xc2\xa31 10s. each; \xe2\x80\x94 \xc2\xa31,000, the interest to twenty \npoor single women or widows, and ten poor men \nof St. Stephen\'s, upon St. Stephen\'s day yearly. \nShe also left her house in Prince\'s Street, for the \nperpetual residence of the rector of St. Stephen\'s. 77 \n\nThe Grateful Society, The Anchor \nSociety, and The Dolphin Society, were \ninstituted for the purpose of commemorating and \nimitating the bright example of our great benefac- \n\n76 This money was held by the late Corporation, and the in- \nterest was then reckoned at three per cent. The principal \nmoney has been invested by the Charity Trustees in the Go- \nvernment Three per Cents, which has increasedrthe revenue of \nthe charity. \n\n77 For the other benefactions we must refer the reader to \ntwelve quarto pages, closely printed in Barrett\'s History of \nBristol, beginning at p. 612; and to The Bristol Charities, printed \nand published by T. J. Manchee, Bristol, in 2 vols. 4to. \n\n\n\nCHARITIES. 259 \n\ntor, Edward Colston, Esq. On the thirteenth of \nNovember, the anniversary of his death, these \nseveral societies, which may be said to comprise \nalmost every person of respectability in the city, \nassemble to hear divine service, \xe2\x80\x94 dine, \xe2\x80\x94 and af- \nterwards largely contribute to further their great \nexemplar\'s dearest object, \xe2\x80\x94 to clothe the naked, \nprotect the fatherless, and make the widow\'s heart \nto sing for joy. \n\nThose gentlemen who have received their educa- \ntion at the school in St. Augustine\'s Place, generally \nfrequent " the GratefuL" \n\nThe Clergy Society was originally formed \nin 1692, for apprenticing the sons of necessitous \nclergymen. But as soon as the funds became \navailable, the benefits of this society were extended \nto those clergymen whose income does not exceed \n\xc2\xa330 per annum, as well as to their widows and \ndaughters. Every applicant for the benefits arising \nout of this society, must be recommended by one \nsubscriber at least. The annual meeting is held \nabout September, when the society attend divine \nservice at the Cathedral, and afterwards dine at \nthe White Lion. Collections are made at the \nchurch and after dinner, which are generally very \nconsiderable. \n\nThe Gloucestershire Society, instituted in \n1657, for the purpose of searching out and appren- \nticing poor boys, whose fathers are natives of \n\n\n\n260 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nGloucestershire. The members of this society, \nwho rank among the most respectable in this city \nand neighbourhood, meet annually in September, \nattend divine service, and afterwards dine at the \nWhite Lion, when collections are made for it. \n\nThere is a Society of Captains of this Port, \nwho have a fund for the maintenance of the widows \nof its members. This society increases in numbers \nand opulence. \n\nThere is a Society for the reward and encou- \nragement of Female Servants. \n\n\n\nPUBLIC SCHOOLS, &c. \n\nBristol Clerical Education Society. In \nDecember, 1795, a society, consisting of clergymen \nof the Church of England, was instituted in Bristol, \nfor the purpose of educating serious young men \nbelonging to her communion, for the ministry of \nthe gospel. The qualifications necessary to par- \ntake of its benefits are: \xe2\x80\x94 1. That the applicant be \nconvinced of the truth and importance of the \ngospel, as expressed in the liturgy, articles, and \nhomilies, of the Church of England. 2. That he \nis truly attached to episcopacy, and the discipline \nof the Church of England. 3. That he is possessed \nof such natural talents, as may render him capable \n\n\n\nSCHOOLS. 261 \n\nof reaping the benefits of a literary education. \xe2\x80\x94 \nSecretary, the Rev. J. Hall, B. D. \n\nBishop\'s College, top of Park Street. \xe2\x80\x94 The \nobject of this institution is to offer to the youth of \nBristol and the surrounding counties, an education \nof the highest order, both classical and mathema- \ntical, based, as all good education must be, on defi- \nnite and acknowledged principles of true religion. \n\nIn its general outline it has been founded on the \nmodel of the King\'s College School, London, with \nsueh variations only as the difference of circum- \nstances appeared to render necessary. \n\nThe affairs of the College are conducted by a \ncouncil, consisting of seven governors, who are \nmembers by virtue of their offices and dignities, \nand four clergymen and four laymen appointed by \nthe proprietors. \n\nIts discipline is under the exclusive conduct of \nthe head master, who is subject only (in this re- \nspect) to the visitatorial authority of the Bishop. \n\nThe course of education comprises \xe2\x80\x94 religious \nand moral instruction, in strict conformity with the \nprinciples of the Church of England ; the Greek, \nLatin, and French languages, mathematics, writing \nand arithmetic, book-keeping, &c, history, geo- \ngraphy, and English literature. \n\nThe age of admission is from nine to sixteen. \n\nThe business of each day commences and termi- \nnates with prayer and the reading of the scriptures. \n\n\n\nCHILCOTT S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nThe vacations consist of six weeks in summer, \nfive in winter, and one at Easter, after which pupils \nare expected to return punctually. \n\nThe terms for the course of tuition specified are \n\xc2\xa315 annually for students nominated by proprie- \ntors^ and \xc2\xa324 to those not so nominated. \n\nThe right of nomination is the exclusive pri- \nvilege of proprietors of shares, and every proprie- \ntor is entitled to nominate, from time to time, one \nstudent upon each of his shares. \n\nShares are transferable to persons of whom the \ncouncil approve, but the right of nomination, in- \ndependently of the share, is not saleable. \n\nThe edifice (in the erection of which no expense \nwas spared) is capable of accommodating, by day, \nupwards of 200 students. Behind it is a spacious \nplay-ground, and its situation is both convenient \nand healthy. \n\nThe head and assistant masters receive boarders \ninto their houses, on terms approved by the council. \n\nThe Bristol Education Society was estab- \nlished in 1770, for the education of pious young \nmen for the exercise of the Christian ministry in \nthe Baptist denomination. Their present academy \nis in Stoke\'s Croft, having attached to it a most \nvaluable library and museum; in which, among the \nvarious objects of interest, are to be found authentic \nmodels of many idols of heathen worship. Access \nto the museum is easily obtained. \n\n\n\nschools. 263 \n\nThe Free Grammar School, in Unity Street, \nCollege Green, was founded by Robert Thorne, \nmerchant, who in 1532 left \xc2\xa31,000, to be employed \nby his executors " as might seem best for his soulP \nThe corporation, by letters patent of Henry VIII., \nwere empowered to establish a Grammar School, \nand receive for its support the houses and lands \nappertaining to the dissolved hospital of St. Bar- \ntholomew; that is, the corporation, for this \xc2\xa31,000, \npurchased the hospital lands of King Henry VIII. \nBy the foundation-deed the school was stated to be \n" for the better education and bringing up of child- \nren and others, who will resort thither, to the \nhonour of God, and the advancement of the city." \nThe two masters were to be clergymen of the \nChurch of England. There are two fellowships of \nthirty pounds a year each, at St. John\'s, Oxford ; \ntwo exhibitions of ten pounds a year each ; two \nothers of six pounds, and one of five pounds. \n\nOn the return of the corporation from attending \ndivine service at the Cathedral, on the fifth of \nNovember, it was annually the custom for one of \nthe boys in this school to deliver a Latin oration \nbefore them in the Guildhall, for which the mayor \ngenerally made him a valuable present in books. \n\nThe property belonging to this school had been \nfor nearly two hundred years alienated from the \ncharity, under some alleged arrangement with \nAlice Pykes, a descendant of the founder. The \n\n\n\n264 CHILCOTT\'S BRISTOL GUIDE. \n\nCharity Trustees, under the sanction of the Court \nof Chancery, have effected an arrangement with \nthe corporation of the city, by which the whole of \nthe property belonging to this excellent institution \nhas been restored to it ; and we may shortly hope \nto see the school, which has been many years \nwithout a single scholar, re-established, and placed \nin a more flourishing condition than it has ever yet \nknown. \n\nThe College Grammar School, in Lower \nCollege Green, was founded by King Henry VII. , \nfor educating the singing boys at the Cathedral. \nUnder the superintendence of the master, but in \na distinct portion of the house, \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nThe Bristol Diocesan and Cathedral Mid- \ndle Day School has lately been formed, for the \npurpose of furnishing the children of the middle \nclasses with a liberal education, on Church of \nEngland principles, at a cheap rate, viz. \xe2\x80\x94 for boys \nunder ten years of age, four guineas per annum, \nand from ten years and upwards, six guineas per \nannum. \n\nQueen Elizabeth\'s Free Grammar School. \n\xe2\x80\x94 Queen Elizabeth, in the 13th year of her reign, \nordained that a grammar and writing school should \nbe held at the east-end of Redcliff Church, with \none master and an under master, for the education \nof boys ; and that this purpose might be the better \neffected, twelve governors were constituted a body \n\n\n\nSCHOOLS. 265 \n\ncorporate, with power to choose their successors, \nhave a common seal, make rules, &c, with the con- \nsent of the mayor of Bristol, for the government of \nthe foundation. \n\nQueen Elizabeth\'s Hospital was instituted in \n1586, by John Carr, (a gentleman of Bristol,) for \nbringing up poor children and orphans of the city, \nand of the manor of Congresbury. The corpora- \ntion were made perpetual governors of this found- \nation; but, under the Municipal Corporation \nAmendment Act, this school also was placed under \nthe administration of the Charity Trustees. Under \ntheir care the finances of the charity have been \nconsiderably improved, an alleged debt of upwards \nof seventeen thousand pounds has been cancelled, \nthe number of boys has been increased from thirty- \neight to one hundred; and instead of reading, \nwriting, and the simple rudiments of arithmetic, \nthe education has been assimilated, as the founder \ndirected, to that of Christ\'s Hospital, in London, \nand the boys are well grounded in mathematical \nand classical knowledge. The school is kept in \nwhat was formerly the Grammar school, in Christ- \nmas Street, and anciently known by the name of the \nhospital of St. Bartholomew. A very large and \nhandsome building, in the Gothic style, is rapidly \napproaching completion, on the western slope of \nBrandon Hill, facing Clifton, for the reception of \nthe boys in this school. The site occupies about \n\n\n\n266 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nfour acres, and the building stands about twenty- \neight feet above the level of the road, raised upon \na terrace extending along the main front, to which \nthere is an ascent in the centre by a flight of forty \nsteps. The Charity Trustees, who are the managers \nof this school, calculate that their means will enable \nthem to receive two hundred boys into this esta- \nblishment when it is fit to be inhabited. \n\nColston\'s Free School. \xe2\x80\x94 In 1708, Edward \nColston, by indenture, granted certain manors, \nlands, and messuages, for the support of a school, \nestablished by him in St. Augustine\'s Place. The \nnomination to vacancies was given to the Merchant \nAdventurers, and to his own executors ; and after \nthe death of his executors, half to the merchants, \nand half to persons named by himself. One hun- \ndred boys are here boarded, clothed, and educated, \nfor seven years ; after which they are apprenticed, \nwith \xc2\xa315 each as premium for their master; viz. \n\xc2\xa310 from the founder, and \xc2\xa35 additional, be- \nqueathed by the will of J. Purrier, merchant, of \nLondon. \n\nChatterton was brought up in this school. \n\nIn the two last mentioned schools, the boys wear \na similar garb to that which is worn by the boys \nat Christ Church Hospital, in London. \n\nTemple Street School. \xe2\x80\x94 In 1711, the present \nschool and dwelling house were erected and en- \ndowed by Edward Colston, Esq., by an annuity \n\n\n\nschools. 267 \n\nof \xc2\xa380, charged on the manor of Toomer, in the \nparish of Hensbridge, in Somersetshire. With \nthis sum thirty boys are clothed and instructed ; \nleaving a balance in hand of \xc2\xa33 13s. 6d. when the \ncommissioners for inspecting the public charities of \nthe city made their report in 1824. \n\nThe Merchants\' Hall School, King Street, \nfor educating forty boys. The master is not bound \nto teach navigation to more than ten, nor do the \nsociety supply charts, instruments, and navigation \nbooks, for more than that number. There is no \nrestriction as to the age of admission. \n\nRed Maids\' School, in Denmark Street, endowed \nby Alderman Whitson, 78 in 1627, for the clothing, \n\n78 Alderman Whitson was one of the greatest benefactors \nto this city. Besides the above, he gave \xc2\xa352 to be distri- \nbuted yearly among fifty-tico poor honest married women in \nchild-bed, twenty of whom are appropriated by the mayoress \nfor the time being, and thirty-two by the Charity Trustees ; to \nthe Merchants\' Alms House \xc2\xa326 yearly ; to the schoolmaster of \nQueen Elizabeth\'s Free Grammar School, held at the east-end of \nRedelifT Church, \xc2\xa39 2s. 6d. yearly ; \xc2\xa3500 to be lent out to free \nburgesses, in sums of \xc2\xa350 and \xc2\xa320, for seven years ; \xc2\xa320 for \nexhibitions at the University to two scholars educated at the \nGrammar School ; and \xc2\xa3 1 each to one hundred and four poor \nmen, housekeepers, and 10s. each to fifty-six poor widows ; \nwith many other smaller donations. \n\nThe day of his birth being November 19, and the same on \nwhich he providentially escaped from the hand of an assassin, \nis yearly observed, agreeably to the strict injunction of his will. \nOn that day the Charity Trustees assemble and read his will, \nthey then meet the children at St. Nicholas\' Church, when \nthey hear a sermon appropriate to the day ; and if a dinner \nfollows it is always at the expense of the Trustees themselves. \n\n\n\n268 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\neducation, and maintenance of 40 girls, from the \nage of eight, the time of their admittance into the \nschool, till they are eighteen years of age. They \nwere to be religiously instructed according to the \ndoctrines and discipline of the Church of England. \nThe girls are clothed in red cloth. The increased \nvalue of these estates has enabled the Charity Trus- \ntees, under whose administration this school now \nis, to increase the number of children to one hun- \ndred and twenty girls, with four mistresses to \nsuperintend the establishment. The girls are em- \nployed in needle-work for such of the citizens as \nchoose to employ them, and their work has been \nmuch admired. \n\nThe new building in Denmark Street for the \nRed Maids, which cost about \xc2\xa36,000, is as credit- \nable to the judgment and taste of the Charity \nTrustees, as it is ornamental to our city, whether \nthe situation, architectural design, or the interior \neconomy be considered. The frontage in Denmark \nStreet is of freestone, and in the Elizabethan style. \nThe back, which forms a quadrangle inclosing a \nlarge and open court yard, is of red brick, except \nthe windows, which are of freestone, with an \narcade on one side for the girls in wet weather. \n\nA large school-room, dining-room, and all the \ndomestic offices are on the ground floor. Above \nare two large dormitories or sleeping rooms for the \ngirls, each containing sixty beds ; besides several \n\n\n\nschools. 269 \n\nsmaller ones, some of which are for the accommo- \ndation of those children who may be ill. The \nmistresses\' apartments, above and below, are so \narranged that they have a complete view of the \nentire establishment at all times. The house is \nheated by a warm-water apparatus. \n\nTemple School for Girls. \xe2\x80\x94 This school was \nsupported by voluntary contributions till 1798, \nwhen, from donations and legacies, further sub- \nscriptions were rendered unnecessary. The present \nhouse and school were built in 1797. Forty girls \nare here entirely boarded and educated. No girl \nis admitted under seven, nor above eleven years \nof age. \n\nElbridge\'s Charity School, St. Michael\'s \nHill, was instituted in 1738. Thirty girls are here \ntaught to read and write. The rector of St. Mi- \nchael\'s has the entire management of this school. \n\nMarine School, King Street, lately established \nby the Merchant Venturers\' Society, for instructing \nthe youths of the city in the knowledge of naviga- \ntion, free of any expense whatever to the pupils. \nDays of attendance Mondays, Wednesdays, and \nFridays, from 9 o\'clock, A. m., to 1 o\'clock, p. m. \n\nBlue Coat Girls School on Eedcliff Hill. \xe2\x80\x94 \nTwenty-four girls are educated here in the princi- \nples of the Church of England, and in reading \nand needle-work. The mayor and his lady visit \nthis school in the autumn of every year. \n\n\n\n270 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nBristol Adult School Society. \xe2\x80\x94 In the course \nof thirty-seven years, upwards of four thousand \nlearners have been brought forward from a state of \nignorance to peruse the New Testament, much to \nthe satisfaction of the society. No preference is \ngiven to any religious sect or party. \n\nBristol Diocesan School, Nelson Street, for \nthe education of the children of the poor in the prin- \nciples of the Established Church. This building, \nerected for the especial purpose, is very spacious, \nand well attended. \n\nRoyal Lancasterian School, Redcross Street. \n\xe2\x80\x94 Some hundreds daily receive their education \nhere, in a large building raised for the purpose. \nIt is supported by annual subscriptions. \n\nThe Marine School Society, Queen Square, \nfor the instruction of the sons of seamen, and other \nboys designed for the marine service. \n\nSt. Augustine\'s Charity School, adjoining \nSt. Augustine\'s Church, was founded in 1713, for \nclothing and educating twenty-five boys and twenty- \nfive girls. It is supported by voluntary subscrip- \ntions and donations. \n\nBenevolent School, St. James\'s Barton. \xe2\x80\x94 No \nless than four hundred poor boys and girls are \nhere daily taught reading, writing, &c, and many \nof them clothed. \n\nThe Hannah More Schools, Trinity District, \nSt. Philip\'s. \xe2\x80\x94 This establishment consists of daily \n\n\n\nSCHOOLS. 271 \n\nand Sunday schools for boys and girls, and an \ninfant school ; all conducted on the principles of \nthe Church of England. It is not merely a local \ninstitution, but also a public monument; being \ndesigned to do honour to the memory of Mrs. \nHannah More, who was so distinguished a pro- \nmoter of scriptural instruction, and also a munificent \nbenefactress of the church of Holy Trinity, with \nwhich these schools are connected. \n\nWesleyan Methodist Charity School, for \neducating and clothing 30 girls, Duke Street, St. \nJames\'s. \n\nUnitarian Charity School, Stoke\'s Croft, \ninstituted in 1726. Thirty boys are here taught \nreading, writing, and arithmetic. \n\nCounterslip Sabbath and Bristol Day \nSchools, open to all denominations of Christians. \nThis building is said to be of the Corinthian order, \nbut it is anything but Corinthian in style. It adjoins \nthe Baptist chapel, leading to St. Philip\'s bridge. \nThe facade consists of five inter-columns, (formed \nby four attached columns and two antse) containing \nthree tiers of windows; viz. ground floor with \ndressings; oblong mezzanine over them; and a \nthird row of arched windows, which are very large \nin proportion to the lower ones, but which are left \nquite plain. The three middle inter-columns are \ntreated as a centre compartment of the elevation, \nthe pediment extending only over them, and \n\n\n\n212 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nthere being a break accordingly in the entablature. \nIt may appear remarkable to the stranger, that the \nground and mezzanine floors are occupied as corn \nwarehouses, and only the upper part of the \nbuilding is used as a school. The foundation stone \nwas laid April 5, and opened October 2, 1844. \n\nSt. Michael\'s National Charity School, \nSalmon Street, Kingsdown, was re-established in \n1828. This school is under the management of a \ncommittee, consisting of the minister of the parish, \nthe trustees and treasurer of the school/; and the \nchurchwardens for the time being. The treasurer \nand other members of the committee are elected \nyearly, from annual subscribers of one guinea each. \n\nThere is an Infant School, one hundred in num- \nber, in the Old Park, St. Michael\'s parish, conducted \nby Mr. and Mrs. Sladen, in a new building erected \nfor the purpose. The school is supported by volun- \ntary contributions, &c. \n\nPile Street School, instituted in 1710, for \nclothing and educating forty poor boys of St. Mary \nRedcliiF, and of St. Thomas. It is under the con- \ntrol of the vicar and twelve parishioners of St. \nMary Eedcliff, and sixteen parishioners of St. \nThomas. \n\nThe Infant School, Tower Street, Great Gar- \ndens, was founded by the late Mr. Hare, of Bristol; \nthe age of admittance is from eighteen months to \n\n\n\nALMS HOUSES. 273 \n\nsix years. There are about two hundred children \nin this school. Similar schools are established in \nseveral other parishes. \n\nThe Sunday Schools, in connexion with the \nestablished church and among the dissenters, are \nalmost innumerable. In the Wesleyan Sunday- \nSchools alone, it is computed that between three \nand four thousand children attend for instruction. \n\nBristol Auxiliary to the London Hiber- \nnian School Society, for the establishment of \nschools and the circulation of the Holy Scriptures \nin Ireland, was formed in 1806. \n\nBristol Auxiliary to the Newfoundland \nand British North America School Society, \nwas formed in Bristol December 1, 1829. \n\n\n\nALMS HOUSES. \n\nMerchants\' Hospital, King Street, for nine- \nteen seamen and twelve seamen\'s widows: besides \nother perquisites they each receive three shillings \nweekly ; the oldest receives five shillings. \n\nFronting the entrance from the street, are the \nfollowing lines : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n" Free from all storms, the tempest, and the rage \nOf billows, we securely spend our age : \nOur weather-beaten vessels here repair, \xe2\x80\x94 \nHave from the generous merchants and their care \n\n\n\n274 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nAn harbouring here ; we put no more to sea \nUntil we launch into eternity. \nBut lest our widows, which we leave behind, \nShould want relief, they here a shelter find ; \nThus all our anxious cares and sorrows cease, \n"Whilst our kind founders turn our toils to ease ; \nMay they be with an endless sabbath blest, \nWho have afforded unto us this rest." \n\nOn this spot formerly stood a chapel, dedicated \nto St. Clement ; to which a priest and twelve poor \nmariners were appointed to pray daily; for the \nsupport of which chapel four-pence per ton on all \ngoods imported was exacted. As the refusal of \npayment of this fine was attended with additional \npenalties, for the mayor\'s advantage, some have \nimagined that from hence have arisen what were \ncalled the Mayor\'s Dues. \n\nColston\'s Alms House, St. Michael\'s Hill, \nbuilt in 1691. The front and two sides are of \nfreestone. The centre is a chapel, neatly adorned, \nand the two sides contain twenty-four apartments, \nfor twelve men and twelve women. The oldest \nbrother receives six shillings, and the others four \nshillings weekly; and each has twelve sacks of \ncoal yearly, and various other donations. The \nclergyman who reads prayers here twice a day, \nreceives \xc2\xa320 a year. \n\nDr. Thomas White\'s Hospital, Temple Street, \nfor eight men and sixteen women ; each of whom \nare allowed five shillings per week. The front of \n\n\n\nALMS HOUSES. 275 \n\nthis hospital has been erected anew, in a very \nhandsome Gothic manner, including the spot where \nNeptune 79 for so many years braved all weathers. \n\nThe Work House or the Friends, in New \nStreet, St. Philip\'s, is a large establishment. \n\nTwo Trinity Hospitals, \xe2\x80\x94 one at the Dial, \nOld Market Street, for twenty-two widowers above \nfifty years of age, each receiving weekly four \nshillings : \xe2\x80\x94 and the other on the opposite side of \nthe way for twenty-four women, who are allowed \nweekly four shillings each, beside coal, &c, \n\nFoster\'s Alms House, Steep Street, for seven \nmen and seven women, who have each four shillings \nper week, and other liberal donations. \n\nStrangers\' or St. John\'s Alms House, St. \nJohn\'s Steps, for thirteen elderly women ; four of \nwhom have two shillings and sixpence, the others \ntwo shillings per week each. \n\nMerchant Tailors\' Alms House, Merchant \nStreet, for nine persons, who each receive nine \nshillings weekly. \n\nThere are nearly twenty other alms houses \nendowed for the reception and maintenance of aged \npersons. \n\n79 The figure of Neptune, which is supposed to have been \nfirst erected in commemoration of the defeat of the Spanish \narmada, is now stationed beside the church. \n\n\n\n276 \n\n\n\nThe following is a Catalogue of Painted Portraits in the \nChamber of Bristol; to which are added, short Bio- \ngraphical Notices of those persons more immediately \nconnected with its history : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nMr. THOMAS WHITE. By deed dated January 14, 1541, \nMr. Thomas White gave lands in the manor of Hinton Der- \nham, Gloucestershire, to the feoffees and the chamberlain of \nBristol, \xc2\xa311 per annum to exempt the Severn trows from \npaying toll, custom, murage, or keyage, for goods carried from \nthe quay of Bristol, payable to the sheriff or other person : \nand to Foster\'s, St. John\'s, Spencer\'s, and St. Thomas\'s \nAlms houses, \xc2\xa32 85. each per annum. \xe2\x80\x94 Towards the expense, \n&c. of All Saints\' and St. John\'s conduits, \xc2\xa31 each per \nannum. He was mayor of Bristol in 1530. \n\nMessrs. ROBERT and NICHOLAS THORNE. These por* \ntraits were copied from the originals at the grammar school, \nand are supposed to have been painted by Holbein. \n\nRobert and Nicholas Thorne were sons of Rob. Thome, \nmerchant, who was mayor of Bristol in 1514. Robert, the \nelder, was born in Bristol in the year 1492, and Nicholas in \n1496. They were blessed with ample fortunes, and what is \nmore, with liberal minds and benevolent hearts. They be- \nstowed large sums for pious uses, and founded the free \ngrammar school in this city. Robert died a bachelor, in \n1532, and was buried in the church of St. Christopher, Lon- \ndon. Nicholas died in the year 1546, and was buried in the \nchurch of St. Werburgh, Bristol. \n\nSir THOMAS WHITE. He was the son of a clothier, \nand was born at Reading, in Berkshire, in 1492, where he \nreceived the elements of his education ; after which he was \napprenticed for ten years to a merchant in London, who was \nso much pleased with his conduct, that at his death he left \n\n\n\nPAINTED PORTRAITS. \xc2\xa377 \n\nhim \xc2\xa3100. With this, and the patrimony left him by his \nfather, who died in 1523, he commenced business on his own \naccount, and in a few years rose to wealth and honour, and \nbecame distinguished by acts of munificence. He gave \xc2\xa32,000 \nto the mayor and corporation of Bristol, and the same to the \ntown of Leicester, to purchase estates, and raise a fund, from \nwhich sums of money might be lent to industrious tradesmen ; \nand in times of scarcity to relieve the poor. The city of \nCoventry also partook largely of his bounty. He was mayor \nof London in 1553, when he was knighted, for preserving the \npeace of the city during the rebellion of Sir Thomas Wyatt. \nHe was the founder of St. John\'s College, Oxford, in the \nchapel of which he was buried, in 1566, aged seventy-two \nyears. \n\nAn ALDERMAN, whose name is not preserved. \n\nLord Treasurer BURLEIGH. \n\nROBERT CECIL, Earl of Salisbury. \n\nAlderman ROBERT EITCHIN. He gave by will \xc2\xa3400 to the \ncorporation of Bristol, in trust, to be lent to young tradesmen, \nin sums of \xc2\xa325, \xc2\xa310, and \xc2\xa35 each, interest free ; and \xc2\xa37 16s. \nper annum, in bread, to the poor of the parishes of Christ \nChurch, St. Stephen, and Temple: \xe2\x80\x94 \xc2\xa312 per annum for plac- \ning out six poor children: \xe2\x80\x94 \xc2\xa32 13s. id. per annum, towards \nmaintaining a scholar at Oxford or Cambridge : \xe2\x80\x94 \xc2\xa326 per \nannum to poor householders of the several parishes in Bristol. \n\nTHOMAS WHITE, D. D., was son of John White, Temple \nStreet, Bristol. In 1566 he became a student of Magdalen \nCollege, Oxford, whence he went to London \xe2\x80\x94 was rector of \nSt. Dunstan\'s in the West, and was a noted preacher. In \n1584 he was made D. D., had a prebend in St. Paul\'s given \nhim, and was canon of Christ Church, Oxford. He erected \nand endowed a hospital in Temple Street, the place of his \nbirth, called the Temple Hospital : and gave four messuages \nor tenements, in Gray\'s Inn Lane, London, of the yearly \nvalue of \xc2\xa340, to the mayor, burgesses, and commonalty of \nthis city for various charitable purposes. He died March 1, \n1623. \n\n\n\n278 chilcott\'s Bristol guide. \n\nKING CHARLES I. \n\nThe Earl of PEMBROKE. \nThe two last are supposed to have been painted by Vandyck. \n\nRICHARD WESTON, Lord Treasurer, afterwards Earl of \nPortland. \n\nAlderman JOHN WHITS ON was born of obscure parents, at \nClewerwall, or Clearwell, in the parish of Newland, in the \ncounty of Gloucester. It appears he came to Bristol about \nthe middle of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and engaged \nhimself as a servant to a wine cooper and merchant, in Nicho- \nlas Street. His diligence and honesty soon raised him to the \nsituation of first clerk in the counting house, where the whole \nweight of business lay on him. His master dying, he con- \ntinued to conduct the business for the widow, who rewarded \nhis integrity with her hand. He was now become an emi- \nnent merchant, and was chosen a member of the corporate \nbody. He served the office of mayor in 1603, when the \nplague raged in Bristol, and 2,600 persons died, from July 28, \n1603, to February 20, 1604. Notwithstanding this great \nmortality, it appears he stood to his post, and gave every \nassistance in his power to the distressed citizens, both as a \nmagistrate and a Christian. This circumstance he alludes to \nwhere he says, "My health God has been graciously pleased \nto continue, in the midst of contagious sickness : I have seen \na thousand fall beside me," &c. " and yet the arrow did not \ncome nigh me," He was also mayor of Bristol in 1615, and \nrepresented the city four times in parliament. At length, \nfatigued with public business, he resolved to retire from the \nnoise and bustle of the world ; and wrote " The Pious Chris- \ntian\'s Pinal Parewell to the World and its Vanities. " His \ncharities were most extensive ; see p. 267. He was married \nthree times, and died in 1629, aged 73 years, and was buried \nin St. Nicholas\' Church. \n\nAlderman GEORGE HARRINGTON. He gave the corpora- \ntion \xc2\xa3240, intrust, for them to distribute 10s. weekly, to poor \nhouseholders, in the parishes of Bristol ; and to pay the clerk \n\xc2\xa31 per annum for keeping the accounts. \n\n\n\nTHE HOTWELLS. \n\n\n\n1 Nymph of the fount, from whose auspicious urn \nFlows health \xe2\x80\x94 flows strength \xe2\x80\x94 and beauty\'s roseate bloom/\' \n\n\n\nThe celebrity of the warm spring at Bristol appears \nto have extended so far back as the time of William \nWyrcestre, by whom it is noticed in 1840; beyond \nthis we have no record. It is on the west side of \nBristol, about a mile down the river Avon, and \nrises out of an aperture in the rock of St. Vincent, \na rock so well known to naturalists for its beautiful \ncrystals called Bristol stones, spars, fossils, petri- \nfactions, &c, but more especially distinguished \nby its fountain of tepid medicinal water, which \nhas given to the place the name of the Hotwells, \nIt issues from the bottom of the rock, about ten \nfeet above the surface of the river at low water ; \nand is computed to discharge about forty gallons \nper minute. Tradition says it was first discovered \nby some sailors passing up and down the river, \nand that they used it outwardly for scorbutic com- \nplaints ; on this account it was that some persons \n\n\n\n284 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nmade a kind of brick reservoir for it, which was \npaved at bottom, and in this state it remained till \nthe beginning of the seventeenth century. William \nGagg, a broker, living in Castle Street, 1680, being \nafflicted with diabetes, was despared of by all who \nknew him; but dreaming that he drank of the \nHotwell water, and found relief therefrom, he fol- \nlowed the impulse of his dream, and found it to \nanswer his wish so effectually, that he soon re- \ncovered. This remarkable instance was sufficient \nto recommend the water to others ; and from this \ntime the virtues of the spring becoming more \ngenerally known, was so much frequented by \nstrangers, that in 1690 the corporation of Bristol \nendeavoured to have it enclosed in such a manner \nas to prevent the tide from mixing with it: for \nthis purpose a stone-work was raised to a greater \nheight than the tides ever rose.; but this occa- \nsioned such a vast weight of water in the enclosure \nas to change the course of the spring, and it was \nin danger of being lost in consequence. In 1695, \nthe merchant venturers of Bristol, who are lords \nof the manor of Clifton, granted a building lease to \nsome citizens, who, recovering the water, erected \nthe old Hotwell House, with convenient pumps, \nbaths, &c, but which, from its contiguity to the \nmargin of the river, admitted not of a drive as at \npresent, but of a passage only through the house. \nThe road for coaches and horses by Rownham and \n\n\n\nTHE HOTWELLS. 285 \n\nthe Hotwells was not made until the year 1661. \nIn 1822 the old Ho twell House was superseded by \nthe present building, and at the time of its demoli- \ntion the road was thrown open for carriages under \nSt. Vincent\'s rocks, and up the acclivity to Clifton \nDown. The new Hotwell House, which stands \nimmediately behind the site of the old, is of the \nTuscan order, and presents a handsome front of \nBath stone. It is only wanting in altitude to become \ngrand and dignified. The ground floor contains a \nvery good pump room, and well-arranged hot and \ncold baths ; the upper portion of the house is ap- \npropriated to domestic purposes, and is let fur- \nnished, being peculiarly suitable to invalids, whose \nobject is to give the waters a fair trial. \n\nThe water, fresh raised from the spring, is gene- \nrally about the temperature of 76\xc2\xb0 Farenheit, and \nappears perfectly pellucid, sparkling, and abound- \ning with air bubbles, which are continually rising \nfrom the bottom and sides to the surface, as if in a \nstate of fermentation : it is of a whitish colour, which \ngradually goes off as it grows cold, nor can it ever \nafterwards by any heat of fire be raised to the like \ncolour again ; therefore, to have it in perfection, it \nmust be drank at the spring, where it has a deli- \ncate, soft, milky taste, beyond that of any other \nmedicinal water in the known world, though in \nreality it is hard, and will not dissolve soap equally, \nbut curdles into white masses ; neither will it wash \n\n\n\n286 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nlinen, but if it be kept open, and exposed for three \nweeks, or a longer time, it will answer those pur- \nposes as well as the best common water. It leaves \na sort of dryness upon the palate, and is perfectly \nwithout smell, very pleasing and grateful to the \nstomach, cooling, and quenches thirst; and is found \nto be an excellent water to make tea with, as three \nparts of the usual quantity will be found to be \nquite sufficient. \n\nThe sensible effects of this water when drank \nwarm and fresh from the spring, are a gentle glow of \nthe stomach ; by a continued use it keeps the skin \nmoist and perspirable, and creates an improvement \nof the appetite. The effects on the bowels are vari- \nable. It may be taken with advantage in affections \ndepending upon habitual costiveness ; and has been \njustly recommended from its purity in diabetes. \nThe season is generally from May to October ; but \nas the temperature of the spring continues the \nsame during the year, the summer months are pre- \nferred, on account of the concomitant benefits of \nair and exercise. \n\nThe contents of an Imperial Gallon of the Bristol \nHotwell Water, as analysed by Wm. Herapath, \nEsq., in the month of January, 1843, are as fol- \nlow: \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nCarbonic Acid Gas 8.75 cubic inches. \n\nNitrogen Gas 6.56 ditto. \n\n\n\nTHE HOTWELLS. 287 \n\n\n\nSOLID MATTER, GRAINS, \n\nChloride of Magnesium 2.180 \n\nNitrate of Magnesia 29.09 \n\nChloride of Sodium 5.891 \n\nSulphate of Soda 3.017 \n\nSulphate of Magnesia 1.267 \n\nCarbonate of Lime 17.700 \n\nCarbonate of Magnesia 660 \n\nCarbonate of Iron 103 \n\nBitumen 150 \n\nSulphate of Lime 9.868 \n\nSilicia 270 \n\n\n\nGrains .... 44.015 \n\n\n\nThis water is chiefly recommended in consump- \ntions, weakness of the lungs, and all cases attended \nwith hectic fever and heat; in uterine and other \ninternal haemorrhages, in old diarrhoeas, and dy- \nsenteries, in the fluor albus, in gleets, and the \ndiabetes, for which it is extolled as a specific ; and \nin other cases where secretions are too much in- \ncreased, and the humours too thin ; in the stone \nand gravel, in the stranguary, in colliquative \nsweats, in scorbutic and similar cases, in cholics, \nin the gout and rheumatism, loss of appetite, and \nindigestion, and in many other diseases ; external^ \nit is also of great use in sore and inflamed eyes, \nin scrofulas and cancers, ulcers, and other similar \ncases. \n\nDr. Granville, on the "Spas of England," \nsays, " he believes that if the Hotwell water be \n\n\n\n288 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nemployed for general use, and upon all occasions, \nby the resident invalid labouring under irritative \nfever, and also in certain stages of phthisical com- \nplaints, it will be found highly serviceable." \n\nThe late Dr. Saunders considered Clifton water \nto be the safest mineral water for use in England, \nand looked upon it as being endowed with both \ndiuretic and diaphoretic virtues. \n\nUnhappily, however, it is the dernier resort of \npatients ; hence its renovating power is denied by \nsome, because it cannot always "create a soul under \nthe ribs of death." \n\nBut it is unnecessary to amplify on this melan- \ncholy theme, the tale of sorrow has been already \ntold, written in oft-repeated verse upon the walls \nof our neighbouring cathedral, and its saddening \nimpulse is known and deeply felt in the hearts of \nmany. In reference to this subject are some \neloquent and pathetic lines ascribed to the late \nLord Palmerston, on the death of his lady, who \nvainly applied to these waters for relief: \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n\nWhoe\'er like me with trembling anguish brings \nHis heart\'s sole treasure to fair Bristol springs ; \nWhoe\'er like me, to sooth distress and pain, \nShall pour these salutary springs in vain ; \nCondemn\' d like me to hear the faint reply, \nTo mark the fading cheek, the sinking eye ; \nFrom the chill\' d brow to wipe the damps of death, \nAnd watch in dumb despair the shortening breath ;- \n\n\n\nTHE HOTWELLS. 289 \n\nIf chance direct him to this artless line, \n\nLet the sad mourner know his pangs were mine. \n\nOrdain\' d to lose the partner of my breast, \n\nWhose virtue warm\'d me, and whose beauty blest, \n\nFramed every tie that binds the soul to prove \n\nHer duty friendship, and her friendship love ; \n\nBut yet remembering that the parting sigh \n\nAppoints the just to slumber, not to die, \n\nThe starting tear I check\' d \xe2\x80\x94 I kiss\'d the rod, \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nAnd not to earth resign\' d her, but to God. \n\nThe respectful attention of Mrs. Tutton, of the \nHotwell House, is generally acknowledged by the \nnobility and gentry, who have availed themselves \nof the healing waters she dispenses. \xe2\x80\xa2 The terms \nfor drinking the waters are: \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nOne Year\'s Subscription \xc2\xa31 1 \n\nOne Month 12 \n\nOne Week . . 3 \n\nSingle Glass 2 \n\nHot Bath 2 6 \n\nVapour Bath 2 6 \n\nShower Bath 1 \n\nCold Bath 1 \n\ntgg The money to be paid in advance. \n\nThe water is exported, and sent to all parts of \nthe united kingdom. Properly bottled and packed, \nit keeps good in any climate, and for any length of \ntime. \n\nThe Bath waters and those of the Hotwells are \nsupposed to have their source in the same basaltic \nrange, though they differ considerablv in quality \n\n\n\n290 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nand temperature. The sediment of both, when \nburned in a dark room, show a blue flame, emit a \nstrong smell of sulphur, and effervesce when placed \nin contact with acids. \n\nA circumstance worthy of remark happened at \nthe Hotwells, on the 1st of November, 1755, when, \nwithout any apparent cause, the water suddenly \nbecame very red, and so extremely turbid that it \ncould not be drank. Many conjectures were formed \nto account for this phenomenon. A gentleman \npresent desired the company particularly to notice \nthe day, because he was firmly of opinion that it \nwas the effect of a violent concussion somewhere \nat that time, of which probably they might soon \nhear. His opinion was shortly after confirmed, by \naccounts of the dreadful catastrophe at Lisbon, \nwhich city was nearly destroyed by an earthquake \non the same day. It was a long while before the \nwater of the Hotwells recovered its wonted purity. \n\nIt is further remarkable, that a well of clear soft \nwater, situate in a field near to St. George\'s Church, \nKingswood, was also affected at the same time ; the \nwater became black as ink, and continued unfit for \nuse nearly a fortnight. It was thought at the time \nto have been occasioned by a stratum of coal con- \ntiguous to it. There were two other wells in the \nsame field, one of them very deep and the water \nhard, the other shallow; neither of which under- \nwent any visible alteration. \n\n\n\nTHE HOT WELLS. 291 \n\nA row of houses, with a colonnade in front, ad- \njoins the pump room : in one of these the celebrated \nliterary milkwoman of Bristol, Ann Yearsley, kept \na circulating library for some years. \n\nBetween this colonnade and Bownham Ferry is \nSt. Vincent\'s Parade, above which are some aeriel \nhouses called Windsor Terrace, jutting forth like \na promontory from the surrounding terraces ; for \nmany years they bore the name of "Watts\'s \nFolly," from the following circumstance. A \nworthy man of the name of William Watts, 1 by \ntrade a plumber, was blessed with a wife who \nhad not only the ordinary amusing faculty of \ndreaming, but also the extraordinary one of turning \nher dreams to advantage. On a certain night, whilst \nsleeping, her unconstrained thoughts wandered, \nand she dreamed that by permitting melted lead to \nfall from a considerable height into water, the drops \nwould become globular, and a great improvement \nmight therefore be effected in the manufacture of \nshot ; Mr. Watts had faith in his wife\'s dream, and \nwas not like many persons, whose exalted minds \nand capabilities do not permit them to listen to any \nsuggestions of their wives, he not only listened \nto it but acted upon it, and first tried the experi- \nment from the tower of St. Mary BedclifF: the \nresult proving successful he erected a manufactory \n\n1 See page 99. \n\n\n\n292 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nnear the church, and obtained a patent which he \nsold for \xc2\xa310,000. It were a pity, however, but \nwhat his inestimable partner, who had by one \ndream filled his coffers with gold, could not have \ndreamed again, or obtained some prescience from \nwhich she might have deemed it advisable to give \na caution as to the disposal of the money. Unfor- \ntunately for Mr. Watts and his suddenly-acquired \nwealth, he set his mind upon building, and sacri- \nficed the whole amount in making excavations and \nraising the foundation of the houses on this terrace, \nwithout the adequate means to carry out their com- \npletion; and their bare walls, the skeleton of false \nviews and visionary hopes, were left for many \nyears as spectral monuments of his folly. The \nhouses are now and have been for a considerable \nperiod completed: they passed from the hands of \ntheir projector, of whose subsequent history no- \nthing further has been told. \n\nTo the admirers of the late highly-talented Mrs. \nHannah More this terrace must be regarded with \nmore than ordinary interest, it being to one of \nthese houses that she removed from Barley Wood, \nnear Wrington, Somerset, towards the close of her \nlife, and where she died on the 7th of September, \n1833, at the age of eighty-nine. \n\n\n\n293 \n\nTHE GLOUCESTER HOTEL, HOTYVELLS, \n\nIs a very remarkable building \xe2\x80\x94 one large house \nbeing, as it were, planted on the top of another. \nThe assembly room is ninety feet long, thirty-five \nfeet wide, and thirty feet high. The coffee room \nis also of large dimensions, and the whole of the \nsitting and sleeping apartments are spacious and \nairy; and, from its ensconsed position, strongly \nrecommended by Dr. Granville and others to the \ninvalid for his temporary residence. \n\nThere are two boarding houses next the above \nhotel, one of them named Ivatt\'s, and the other \nRedman\'s Hotel. \n\n\n\nCUMBERLAND HOTEL, Cumberland \nBasin. \xe2\x80\x94 The nobility and gentry about to embark \nin the various steam packets, will find here every \nattention paid to their accommodation and comfort. \n\n\n\nYORK HOTEL, Dowry Square, is also a \nvery respectable and quiet family house. \n\nThere are omnibuses to and from the Great \nWestern, Bristol and Birmingham, and Bristol and \nExeter railways, almost every hour in the day, \nfrom and to these hotels. \n\n\n\nThe following are the principal places of resort \n\n\n\n294 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nfor lodging at the Hotwells, viz.: \xe2\x80\x94 St. Vincent\'s \nParade, Ashton Place, Caroline Place, Dowry \nPlace, Dowry Parade, Dowry Square, Chapel \nKow, Albemarle Row, the Polygon, Hope Square, \nand Granb yHill. \n\nThe sheltered situation of the Hotwells is also \npeculiarly beneficial to the consumptive invalid; \nand it has the advantage of being totally free from \nthose atmospherical changes which are so prejudi- \ncial to the pulmonic patient. \n\nThose visitors whose health requires a warm \nsheltered residence, will do well to secure apart- \nments in Albemarle Row, Dowry Parade, or St. \nVincent\'s Parade, as during the winter months \nthere is no comparison between the temperature \nof these situations and the higher parts of Clifton. \nIn St. Vincent\'s Parade, especially, the invalid is \nas completely sheltered from the south-east, east, \nand north-east winds, as he is protected from the \nwest and south-western gales by the screen of the \nwooded hills on the opposite side of the Avon. \nThe scene is not only more lively from the tidal \nchanges in the river, but also salutary and benefi- \ncial in a medical point of view. The side glance \ndown the river, which the inhabitants of these \nhouses enjoy, gives an additional interest to the \nlocality. \n\nThose who walk from St. Vincent\'s Parade, \nnorthwards, will enjoy one of the most magnificent \n\n\n\nTHE HOTWELLS. 295 \n\nsights which nature and the wonderful imaginings \nand works of man can contribute to produce. For \nthe lover of the picturesque alone, this view, with \nthe further embellishment of the zig-zag walk, along \nwhich pedestrians ascend by gentle acclivities to \nthe heights of Clifton Down, will form a subject of \nthe most striking character, worthy of the pencil of \nSalvator and Claude combined, as there are features \nin it suitable to both these great masters, \xe2\x80\x94 the \nlovely and the terrific. \n\nA new road has been constructed on the bank \nof the river, leading to Clifton and Durdham \nDowns : in passing which the most enchanting \nscenery presents itself. \n\nThe naturalist will find many stalls and shops, \nfrom Rownham Ferry to St. Vincent\'s Rock, ready \nto tempt him with their glittering stores. \n\n\n\nThe Hotwells, always attractive, are become \ndoubly so since the establishment of steam packets ; \nthe motley groups of strangers, constantly passing \nby them, continue the novelty ; and their starting \nor arriving never fails to collect a multitude of \nspectators and friends, eager to bid welcome, or to \nsay farewell. \n\nProperty in the vicinity of the Docks has greatly \nimproved in value ; and the facility of intercourse \nwhich the steam packets secure between Bristol, \nLiverpool, Ireland, the Principality, Devonshire, \n\n\n\n296 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nand Cornwall, has been productive of general be- \nnefit to this neighbourhood. These benefits, how- \never, are not confined to this side of the water, as \nLiverpool, Ireland, Wales, &c. also obtain a full \nparticipation in the advantages which the oppor- \ntunity of frequent communication afibrds. \n\nAll information respecting the Irish, Welsh, and \nNorth Devon steam packets, may be obtained at \nthe General Steam Navigation Company\'s Office, \nBroad Quay ; for Liverpool, at No. 2, St. Stephen \nStreet; for Cornwall, 82, Broad Quay; and for \nAmerica, at the Great Western Steam Ship Com- \npany\'s Offices, 25, Prince\'s Street, Bristol. \n\nMr. Jones, Eownham Wharf, has the manage- \nment of the Chepstow and Newport steam packets, \nbelonging to the Bristol General Steam Navigation \nCompany ; and, Bruce & Co. of two iron steamers, \npropelled by screw, to Newport only \xe2\x80\x94 office, Bell \nAvenue, Queen Square. Tables of the days and \ntime of sailing may be seen at the libraries ; at all \nthe hotels ; and in Bristol. \n\n\n\nDOWRY CHAPEL, THE CHAPEL OF \nEASE TO CLIFTON, \n\nIs in Dowry Square : it contains some neat monu- \nments. This chapel is the particular property of \nthe minister of Clifton, and the whole of the seats \nare let at the following rates : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n\nTHE HOTWELLS. 297 \n\nThe year (one sitting) \xc2\xa31 1 \n\nHalf-year 15 \n\nThree months 10 6 \n\nOne month 5 6 \n\nSittings may be procured by application to the \nsexton \xe2\x80\x94 Mr. Bull, Berkeley Place. \n\n\n\nTEINITY CHURCH, \nHotwellRoad, in the parish of Clifton, was opened \nfor divine service on Wednesday, Nov. 10, 1830. \n\nThe chief front of this church is facing the south : \nthe large niche (frequently seen in churches on the \ncontinent) offers great convenience, as well as \nbeauty, at a very small comparative expense. The \npediment is surmounted by a cupola of light and \nelegant construction, and above the niche is a dove, \nbeautifully executed by Tyley. The architecture \nof this building is Tuscan, combining great simpli- \ncity with solidity and strength. The interior dimen- \nsions are eighty-five by sixty feet ; and it forms, \nby the arrangement of the pillars supporting the \nroof and galleries, a nave and transept in the figure \nof the cross. The height of the church, to the \ncentre of the dome, is forty feet. A gallery for the \ncharity children, and a very fine organ, put up \nby Gray of London, are built over the communion \nscreen. The four cherubim placed here, are \nmuch admired for the beauty of their execution \nand appropriateness. C. R. Cockerell, Esq., was the \n\n\n\n298 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\narchitect, who certainly displayed much taste and \nskill in every part of the building. \n\nThis church was built entirely by voluntary \nsubscription, and cost upwards of \xc2\xa38,000, half of \nwhich was given by one individual, the late Thos. \nWhippie, Esq. \n\nThe number of sittings is 1654, more than half of \nwhich are appropriated as free sittings for the poor. \n\n\n\nHOPE CHAPEL \n\n(So called because Lady Hope was one of its \nfounders,) is a dissenting meeting-house in the in- \ndependent connexion. The seats are let by the \nmonth, quarter, half-year, and year : the receipts \nare appropriated to keeping the building in repair \nand cleansing it : from this fund the minister also \nderives his stipend. \n\nThis chapel has been considerably enlarged and \nrepewed. \n\n\n\nGRENVILLE CHAPEL \n\nIs a handsome Gothic building, recently erected in \nGrenville Place, near Cumberland Basin, by the \nlate Thomas Whippie, Esq., for the use of the \nWesleyan Methodists. Underneath is a commo- \ndious school room. \n\nThere is also a neat Wesleyan Chapel in the \nHotwell Road, opened in 1833, with a school room \nunderneath. \n\n\n\n299 \n\nST. VINCENT\'S ROCKS. \n\n\n\n\' All hail to the rocks in proud grandeur reposing.*\' \n\n\n\nSt. Vincent\'s Rocks, so called from a chapel \ndedicated here to the honour of St. Vincent, and \nwhich appears to have been standing in the time \nof William Wyrcestre, whose description of it in \nconnection with the hermitage, vulgarly known as \nthe " Giant\'s Hole," will be found at page 315. \nSt. Vincent suffered martyrdom, in Valencia, in the \nyear 305. It is now upwards of three centuries \nand a half since William Wyrcestre visited this \nchapel, and all traces of its masonry have disap- \npeared, so that its exact site is not to be ascertained; \nconjecture only will point to the Observatory as \nthe ground on which the chapel stood, and imagi- \nnation may blend with the stone work of the \nmodern walls, some unnoticed portions of the sacred \noratory. How time has changed the aspect of all \naround ! near to the summit of this down, where \nerst the Roman soldier was encamped, are the \nabutments and piers in preparation for the sus- \npension bridge ; the remnant of the labours of a \npast age and past nation are fast disappearing, and \nwe may almost look in vain for any object of old \n\n\n\n300 CHILCOTT\'S CLIFTON GUIDE. \n\ntime to which the associations arising from the \nperusal of history\'s page would bid us cling. \n\nThe limited pages of a Guide will prevent our \ndoing more than refer to the existing remains of \nfortifications still visible, both on the Clifton and \nSomersetshire side of the river. Disquisitions \nupon this subject have occupied the time, attention, \nand ability of numerous antiquaries, the result of \nwhose researches form a prominent part in Seyer\'s \nMemoirs of Bristol, and other works of topogra- \nphical information connected with this city and \nneighbourhood, to which those who penetrate \ndeeply into this wide field of speculation can refer. \nWhile on this subject we may observe that the \ncommunication from Clifton camp with those on \nthe opposite side of the river, is supposed to \nhave been at the present ferry of Rownham, which \nhas a paved bottom, and whose original name is \nsaid to be Roman ; while some have asserted it to \nhave been below the northern extremity of St. \nVincent, where at low water large stones may be \nseen scattered in the stream. \n\nLooking at the heights, on either side of the \nriver, in their most imposing and picturesque \naspect, and the commanding grandeur of this mighty \nchasm, we instinctively turn our thoughts to the \nwondrous workings of nature which produced the \nscenery we see before us. From the excavations \nin 1804, for the new course of the river, indepen- \n\n\n\nST. VINCENT S ROCKS. \n\n\n\n301 \n\n\n\ndent of examinations of various deposits of alluvial \nsoil, the opinions which had previously prevailed \nwere confirmed ; that the united waters of the \nrivers Avon and Froom, which had flowed through \nthe moors in Somersetshire, to the Bristol Chan- \nnel on this side Bridgwater, had by some sudden \nconvulsion of nature forced an abrupt passage \nbetween St. Vincent\'s Rocks and Leigh Woods \xe2\x80\x94 \nthe equal height of the rocks on either side of the \nriver \xe2\x80\x94 the corresponding inclination of the strata \n\xe2\x96\xa0 \xe2\x80\x94 the cavities or recesses on the one side, and the \nprojections on the other, render the supposition \nmore than probable. \n\n\n\n\nA suspension bridge is now commenced to unite \nthese sublime summits ; Mr. Tick, a wine mer- \nchant of Bristol, having, in 1754, bequeathed one \nthousand pounds towards such an undertaking; \nwhich legacy, with the interest, amounts to \xc2\xa310,000. \n\n\n\n302 chilcott\'s cltfton guide. \n\nA public subscription has been entered into, and a \nCommittee of Trustees appointed, for the purpose \nof carrying the liberal wishes of the testator into \neffect, by the erection of a bridge on the suspension \nprinciple, designed by Mr. Telford. Parliamentary \nsanction has long been obtained, and the foundation \nstone of the pier on the Somersetshire side of the \nriver was laid August 27, 1836, by the Marquis \nof Northampton. \n\nThe funds already contributed, including Mr. \nVick\'s gift of \xc2\xa310,000, amount to about the sum \nof \xc2\xa345,000 ; the whole of which has been required \nfor the prosecution of the works to their present \nstage. These works consist of the complete con- \nstruction of the abutments and piers (with the \nexception of the ornamental parts of the latter) on \nboth sides of the river, the tunnels and chambers \nin the rock for fastening the chains, the excavation \nof the rock for the roads of approach, and the \ncomplete construction and delivery of one half of \nthe iron work of the chains, suspending rods, and \nflooring of the bridge ; including therefore the \nmost difficult parts of the work, and all such as \ninvolved any doubt or uncertainty as to their pro- \nbable cost. \n\nThose parts which remain to be executed consist \nof the ornamental additions to the piers, the re- \nmaining half of the chains and other iron work, the \nsuspension and fixing of the chains and suspending \n\n\n\nst. Vincent\'s rocks. 303 \n\nrods, the construction of the flooring of the bridge, \nthe erection of toll-houses and gates, and the com- \npletion of the roads of approach. \n\nThe estimate for the execution and entire com- \npletion of these remaining works amounts to the \nsum of about \xc2\xa330,000, one half of which at least \nwill be required for the iron work. \n\nTo strangers the scenery of this locality is rife \nwith the romantic associations which belong to the \nwild and picturesque in nature: the perpendicular \nprecipices, with impending trees shooting their \nbranches over the brink ; the steep beetling rocks ; \nthe narrow gulleys, filled with the fallen fragments \nof the cliffs ; the unvarying sound of the jack daws, \nwheeling and eddying about their lofty houses; \nthe occasional blasting of the rocks, echoing and \nreverberating like rumbling peals of thunder, with \nthe terrific and dissonant crash made by the masses \nof stone that are hurled from their native beds down \nthe cragged and rugged precipices \xe2\x80\x94 all combine to \nform a picture, that seen and felt, though but once, \nmust nevertheless haunt the imagination and fur- \nnish a theme of thought for many years. \n\nThe venerable appearance of these rocks is \ngreatly lessened within the last century, by the \noperation of blasting and taking away the fine old \ngrey surfaces, " rich with fantastic foliage;" selling, \nas Southey observes, " the sublime and beautiful \nby the boat load." But the stone, it is said, makes \n\n\n\n304 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nthe best lime in the world ; and this is a sweeping \nanswer to all our complaints. \n\nWe cannot, however, but regret to behold, by \nthe incessant operation of the miners, the huge \ncavities which have been made in the rocks, and \ndeplore the necessity which thus compels the des- \ntruction of their time-stained surface ; we would \nlike to see them in their grey and mellow tone, \nthat the annual touch of centuries has pencilled \nupon them, from the hour in which they assumed \ntheir present form, when we may conjecture that \nthis island was shaken and riven by a mighty earth- \nquake, over the memory of which the dim twilight \nof tradition has cast no ray; when the waters of \nthe Avon and the Froom first oosed through the \nchasm of the cleft rocks, and worked out their \nmuddy channel. We would like to see them as \nthey were left at that awful and appalling hour, \nnot with the harsh, crude, and discordant colours \nof their newly-pared surface, but before the effects \nof gunpowder, and the constant and monotonous \nclinking of the labourer\'s hammer had banished \nthe poetry and romance, as well as much of the \nloveliness, beauty, and solitude of the spot. \n\nBetween the strata, in small cavities, are found \nthose crystals called Bristol diamonds; some of \nwhich are exceedingly clear and brilliant, and of \nso hard a nature as to cut glass : they are also \nfound inclosed in hollow reddish nodules, which \n\n\n\nPLANTS GROWING AT CLIFTON. 305 \n\nare, as it were, pregnant with these gems, and \ncontain them as in a safe matrix, which must be \nbroken before you can discover them ; these are \noften turned up by the plough, in the fields near \nDurdham Down and Kingsweston. They are \nsometimes found tinged with yellow, sometimes \npurple : spars are commonly sold as Bristol stones, \nbut the crystallization is different ; 2 the true crys- \ntals are hexagonal, and terminate in a point \xe2\x80\x94 the \nshoots of spar are triangular, or pentangular. The \nlimestone body of the rocks is a species of marble, \nand bears a fine polish : beautifully variegated spe- \ncimens may be frequently purchased. \n\nSt. Vincent\'s rocks and their neighbourhood \nare known to produce a variety of plants, either \npeculiar to the place, or very rarely to be met with \nelsewhere ; the following is a more correct list than \nhas yet appeared. \n\nAira cespitosa. Turfy hair grass. Clifton woods. June, July. \nAllium vineale. Crow Garlic. About Brislington, Clifton \n\nrocks. \nApargia hispida. Rough dandelion. St. Vincent\'s rocks. \n\nMay to September. \nhirta. Small ditto. About Clifton downs. June to \n\nAugust. \nApium Petroselinum. Culinary parsley. St. Vincent\'s rocks. \n\n2 The criterion by which to distinguish the true Bristol \nstones from spar is, that if an attempt be made to cut glass \nwith spar it breaks. \n\nX \n\n\n\n306 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nAquilegia vulgaris. Columbine. Clifton and Leigh woods, \n\nand grounds at Piercefield. July. \nArabis hirsuta. Hairy Wall Cress. St. Vincent\'s rocks. June. \nstricta. St. Vincent\'s rock Cress. St. Vincent\'s rocks. \n\nThe only habitat known for this rare plant. May. \nArenaria tenuifolia. Under St. Vincent\'s rocks. \n\nrubra. Brandon hill. \n\nserpyllifolia. Ditto. \n\nmarina. Under St. Vincent\'s rocks, and banks of \n\nthe Avon. \nArundo phragmites. Common reed. Ditches about the Avon. \nAsperula odorata. Woodruff. Plentifully in Leigh woods. May. \nAsplenium Adiantum nigrum. Leigh woods. \nAspidium aculeatum. Prickly Shield Fern. Hedges about \n\nthe Zoological grounds. \n\nangulare. Lane at Stoke ; Stapleton and Leigh woods. \n\nFilix fcemina. Female Fern. Leigh woods. \n\nBetonica officinalis. Betony. Clifton down. Leigh wood. \n\nJuly, August. \nBromus erectus. Upright brome grass. St. Vincent\'s rocks. \n\nasper. Wood brome grass. Clifton wood. July and \n\nAugust. \n\ndiandrus. Under St. Vincent\'s rocks. June. \n\npinnatus. St. Vincent\'s rocks. \n\nCampanula Trachelium. Nettle-leaved throat wort. Banks \nof Avon, under Leigh wood. Road-sides about Belmont, \nplentifully. July, August. \n\nCardamine hirsuta. Redland court and Leigh woods. March, \nJune. \n\nCarex pulicaris. Flea Sedge. Clifton wood. \n\nChlora perfoliata. Yellow Centaury. Leigh and Clifton woods, \nabout Knowle, common in this vicinity. June, September. \n\nCistus Helianthemum. Rock Rose. St. Vincent\'s rocks, com- \nmon. July, August. \n\nCochlearia officinalis. Common Scurvy Grass. Banks of the \nAvon. May. \n\n\n\nPLANTS GROWING AT CLIFTON. 307 \n\nOonvallaria majalis. Lilly of the Valley. Leigh woods. May. \n\npolygonatum. Solomon\'s Seal. Ditto. May, June. \n\nConyza squarrosa. Ploughman\'s spikenard. St. Vincent\'s \n\nrocks, Crew\'s Hole, &c. August, September. \nCornus sanguinea. Skewer wood. Leigh woods and hedges. \n\nJune. \nCrepis biennis. Hawk\'s beard. About Clifton rocks. July \n\nand August. \nEpimedium alpinum. Barren wort. Leigh woods, near Leigh. \n\nJuly. \nErodium cicatarium. St. Vincent\'s rocks and common. \nmoschatum. Musky Stork\'s Bill. Banks of the \n\nriver under the rocks. May to October. \nErythraea Centaurium. Centaury. Clifton rocks and Leigh \n\nwoods. \nEuphrasia officinalis. Eyebright. Clifton rocks. \nFedia dentata. Toothed lamb\'s lettuce. By the sides of the \n\ntowing path by the Avon below Rownham Ferry. June, July. \nFestuca ovina. Sheep\'s fescue grass. Downs, Leigh, &c. \n\nmyurus. Wall fescue grass. Walls at Sir J. Smith\'s, \n\nAshton, St. Vincent\'s rocks, &c. \n\nloliacia. Spiked fescue. Pastures about Redland, &c\xc2\xab \n\n\n\nJuly. \n\nGalium saxatile. Clifton and Durdham downs. \n\nmollugo. Brandon hill, Clifton down, &c. \n\nGentiana Amarella. Autumnal gentian. Banks of the Avon, \nopposite St. Vincent\'s rocks, not abundant. August, Sept. \n\nGeranium sanguineum. Bloody Crane\'s Bill. About the Zig- \nzag and other parts of St. Vincent\'s rocks. July, September. \n\nlucidum. St. Vincent\'s rocks and common. June, \n\nAugust. \n\nHedysarum Onobrychis. Saintfoin. St. Vincent\'s rocks. \nJune, July. \n\nHesperis matronalis. Redland Court. It should not be called \nH. inodora. Dame\'s Violet. May, June. \n\nHolcus mollis. Soft grass. Clifton wood, &c. \n\nlanatus. Meadow soft grass. Common in fields. July. \n\n\n\n308 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nHolcus avenaceus. Arrhenatherum avenaceum. \n\nHordeum maritimum. Squirrel-tail grass. Banks of Avon, \n\nunder Cook\'s Folly. June, July. \nHypericum pulchrum. Clifton down. June, July. \nJasione montana. Sheep\'s Scabions. Durdham Down. July, \n\nAugust. \nLathyrus hirsutus. Between Pensford and Bristol. \nLavatera arborea. Tree Mallow. Steep Holmes. July to Oct. \nLepidium petraeum. Hock Pepper Wort. Walls, St. Vincent\'s \n\nrocks. March, April. \nLigustrum vulgare. Privet. Hedges and wood, Leigh. July. \nLonicera Caprifolium. Pale honeysuckle. Leigh woods. \nLotus angustissimus. Under Cook\'s Folly. \nMarrubium vulgare. Horehound. Brandon hill. August. \nMedicago falcata. Yellow Sickle Medic. Under St. Vincent\'s \n\nrocks. July. \n\nmaculata. | \n\n. . t Brandon hill ; under St. Vincent\'s rocks. \nminima, > \n\n\n\nMelica uniflora. Melic grass. Clifton and Dugards woods. \n\nMay, June. \nMeum Faeniculum. Fennel. St. Vincent\'s rocks. \nMinor. St. Vincent\'s rocks. May and June. \nMonotropa Hypopitys. Yellow Birds\' Nest. Leigh woods. \nMysostis sylvatica. Leigh and Clifton woods. \nOphrys muscifera. Fly Ophrys. Woods under Cook\'s Folly. \nOrchis bifolia. Butterfly Orchis. Woods under Cook\'s Folly. \n\nJune. \nOrnithopus perpusillus. Birds\' foot. Brandon hill, and walls \n\nabout Brislington. May to September. \nOrobanche elatior. Tall broom rape. St. Vincent\'s rocks, \n\nparasitic upon furze, ivy, &c. September, October. \nOrobus tuberosus. Heath Peaseling, Bitter Vetch. Clifton \n\nwoods. April, May. \nOsmunda regalis. Flowering Fern. Leigh woods. \nPaeonia corallina. Peony. Steep Holmes, the only habitat in \n\nEngland at present known. May, June. \n\n\n\nPLANTS GROWING AT CLIFTON. 309 \n\nParis quadrifolia. Leigh woods, ascending the path opposite \nthe Black rock. Varieties with three and five leaves. May, \nJune. \n\nPicris hieracioides. Oxtongue. St. Vincent\'s rocks. \n\nPimpinella dioica. St. Vincent\'s rocks. \n\nPlantago maritima. Banks of the Avon. Rocks, Weston- \nSuper-Mare. June, July. \n\nPoa distans. Reflexed grass. Banks of the Avon, from the \ndock gates to Cook\'s Folly, in great abundance. June, July. \n\nmaritima. Muddy banks of the Avon, under Cook\'s \n\nFolly. July, October. \n\nprocumbens. Under Clifton rocks and waste places about \n\nRownham. July and August. \n\nrigida. Hard grass. Walls ; on a wall at the top of the \n\nhill going from W r estbury to Henbury. June. \n\nPolypodium dryopteris. Leigh woods, occurring rarely. \n\nPotentella verna. Spring Cinquefoil, St. Vincent\'s rocks. \nApril, June. \n\nPrunus Padus. Bird cherry. Leigh woods. \n\nPyrus Malus. Crab. Leigh woods. \n\nAria. White Beam. Leigh woods and St. Vincent\'s \n\nrocks. May. \n\nRottbollia incurvata. Sea hard grass. Banks of the Avon, \nunder St. Vincent\'s rocks. In this grass the florets are so \nsunk into the rachis, that the plant in flower is rendered very \ninconspicuous. When the sunshine has expanded the glumes, \nand the white anthers hang out of them, it is tolerably easy \nto find. It forms a very considerable portion of the turf in \nseveral spots under the rocks. August, September. \n\nRubas Idaeus. Raspberry. Near Redland Court. \n\nglandulosus. Blaize Castle woods . \n\nRubia peregrina. Madder. Clifton, Leigh woods, &c. This \nplant is almost as common in various places in this neigh- \nbourhood as Galium aparine. July. \n\nRumex. sanguinea. Bloody Dock. Banks of Avon under \nLeigh Woods. \n\npulcher. Fiddle Dock. About Stapleton. \n\n\n\n310 CHILCOTT\'s CLIFTON GUIDE. \n\nSagina procumbens. Gravel walks and dry places, Brandon \n\nhill, &c. \n\napetala. ditto, ditto. \n\nSalvia verbenaca. Wild Clary. Redland, St. Vincent* s rocks. \n\nJune. \nSamolus Valerandi. Water pimpernel. Muddy banks of the \n\nAvon, under Cook\'s Folly. \nSaxifraga tridactytites. St. Vincent\'s rocks. July. \nScabiosa succisa. Devil\'s bit. Plentifully near the keeper\'s \n\ncottage, Leigh woods. June, August. \n\n\xe2\x80\x94 arvensis. "1 Borders of fields and dry places. St. \naria. 1 \n\n\n\ncolumbaria. J Vincent\'s rocks. July to September. \n\nScilla autumnalis. Autumnal Squill. Point of land stretch- \ning from the Clifton Observatory to the rocks. August, \n\nSeptember. \nSedum dasyphyllum. White Stonecrop. Walls about Belle \n\nVue, Clifton. \n\n\xe2\x96\xa0 rupestre. St. Vincent\'s rocks. July. \n\nSherardia arvensis. Field madder. St. Vincent\'s rocks. \nSinapis muralis. Sand Mustard, Wall Rocket. St. Vincent\'s \n\nrocks, walls about Clifton, Easton, &c. August, September. \nSmyrnium Olusatrum. Alexanders. St. Vincent\'s rocks, and \n\nabundantly on the Steep Holmes. May, June. \nSpiraea Filipendula. Drop wort. St. Vincent\'s rocks. June, \n\nJuly. \nTaxus baccata. Yew. Leigh woods. March, April. \nThymus Acinos. Basil Thyme. St. Vincent\'s rocks. June, \n\nAugust. \n\nCalamentha. About Crew\'s hole. September, Oct. \n\nTormentilla officinalis. Tormentil. Clifton down and woods \n\nin abundance. \nTragopogon porrifolius. Meadows below St. Vincent\'s rocks. \n\nMay, June. \nTrifolium subterraneum. Under-ground Trefoil. Brandon hill. \n\nMay. \n\nfragiferum. Strawberry Trefoil. Under St. Vincent\'s \n\nrocks. \n\n\n\nLEIGH WOODS. 311 \n\nTriglochin palustre. Arrow Grass. Bogs under Cook\'s Folly. \n\nmaritimum. Muddy banks of the Avon. \n\nTriodia decumbens. Heath, grass. Clifton down. June. \nTurritis glabra. Tower Mustard. St. Vincent\'s rocks. May, \n\nJune. \nVerbena officinalis. Vervain. Under St. Vincent\'s rocks. \n\nAugust, September. \nVeronica spicata. Spiked speedwell. St. Vincent\'s rocks. June. \n\nhybrida. Welsh speedwell. ditto. July. \n\nBeccabunga. Brooklime. Brooks & ditches, common. \n\nofficinalis. Common speedwell. Not so common in \n\nthis neighbourhood ; by the sides of the new road under \n\nClifton rocks. May to August. \nmontana. Plentiful about Pucklechurch. Leigh woods. \n\n\n\nViburnum Lantana. Leigh woods. May. \nViola hirta. Hairy violet. St. Vincent\'s rocks. \n\nTo the fossilist and the botanist these scenes \nwill afford ample employment; but they should \nbeware of the numberless smooth and tempting \npaths among the rocks; a single false step may \nprecipitate the careless adventurer down one hun- \ndred yards of perpendicular descent ; but we are \nhappy to record that few fatal accidents have oc- \ncurred for the last twenty years. \n\nTo an observer from this elevated spot on the \nClifton side of the river,, the opposite woods in \nsummer present a most charming appearance: they \ncontain almost every forest tree indigenous to this \ncountry ; among which the broad-leaved sycamore, \nthe majestic oak, the sombre yew, the lofty elm, \nthe graceful mountain ash, with many others, are \nseen blending their hues together, and forming a \n\n\n\n312 CHILCOTT\'S CLIFTON GUIDE. \n\nscene of foliage which for variety and exuberance \ncan scarcely be equalled. Here it is not un- \ncommon, during fine summer evenings, for a band \nof musicians to assemble, at which time the opposite \nside is covered with an attentive crowd. The soft \nsounds wafted across the water are truly enchanting ! \nDr. Holland, in his travels through Greece, \nadverts to this charming place in the following \npassage : u The features of nature are often best \ndescribed by comparison ; and to those who have \nvisited St. Vincent\'s rocks, below Bristol, I cannot \nconvey a more sufficient idea of the far-famed Vale \nof Tempe, than by saying that its scenery resem- \nbles, though on a much larger scale, that of the \nformer place. The Peneus, indeed, as it flows \nthrough the valley, is not greatly wider than the \nAvon, and the channel between the cliffs irregu- \nlarly contracted in its dimensions ; but these cliffs \nthemselves are much loftier and more precipitous, \nand project their vast masses of rock with still \nmore extraordinary abruptness over the hollow \nbeneath." \n\n\n\nWEST\'S OBSERVATORY, CLIFTON DOWN, \nAND GHYSTON CAVE, \n\nAre now open to the public for their use and \namusement every day, Sundays excepted, and the \nformer contains a variety of optical and other instru- \nments ; among which are an achromatic telescope, \n\n\n\nOBSERVATORY. 313 \n\nwith a fluid lens, mounted equatorially, of twenty- \none feet focus, and sixteen inches aperture, in a \nroom thirty feet in diameter, with a rotative dome, \nand every convenience for amusing or scientific \nresearch; also a reflector of seven feet focal length, \nand seven inches aperture, for astronomical uses, \nand for viewing the solar spots, which are interest- \ning from the changes that take place in their size, \nnumber, &c. : \xe2\x80\x94 likewise two telescopes, of the \nGregorian construction, of eight inches aperture, \nfor viewing the varied, extensive, and beautiful \nscenery by which the Observatory is surrounded ; \ncommanding views of the Channel, ships in King- \nroad, the opposite coast of Monmouthshire, Pierce- \nfield House, Chepstow, and other distant interesting \nobjects. One achromatic telescope, for similar \npurposes : an excellent transit instrument, by \nTroughton, of London, with astronomical clock or \nregulator, accurately kept, by which Greenwich \ntime may be truly known ; a self -registering aire- \nnometer, or wind-guage, indicating the force and \npressure upon the square foot with great exactness ; \nat the same time noting every change in the \ntwenty-four hours, in force and direction, and is \nparticularly interesting, from the open situation of \nthe building. \n\nUpon the summit is placed a very large and \nexcellent Camera Obscura, embracing the whole \nof the surrounding scenery, from the gallery rails \n\n\n\n314 CHILCOTT\'S CLIFTON GUIDE. \n\nto the horizon. The Camera Obscura, to those \nunacquainted with it, has a most magical effect, \nthe whole of the scenery being brought in succes- \nsion upon the table, with moving figures, animals, \nand carriages in motion ; the distinct and vivid \ncolour of nature, and the varied effects of light and \nshade upon the landscape, afford a high gratifica- \ntion to the observer. \n\nHere is also a very large achromatic solar mi- \ncroscope ; the frame is ten inches in diameter, and \nall the other parts in proportion ; the immense body \nof light condensed by it, gives a surprising richness \nand vivacity to the image, free from the disagree- \nable coloured fringes of the common solar micro- \nscope. \n\nGhyston Cave. \xe2\x80\x94 The proprietor has, at a con- \nsiderable expense, excavated a safe and convenient \npassage from the Observatory on the summit, to an \nhitherto inaccessible cavern in the precipitous face \nof the cliff below, known as the Giantfs Cave. For \ntwo years workmen were constantly employed, at \nan expense of about \xc2\xa3300, in forming the passage \nby blasting the rock, and which, after penetrating \nthrough an extent of upwards of two hundred feet, \nto a depth of ninety feet, is now accomplished. On \nSaturday, the 10th day of June, 1835, the Cave \nwas first entered in this way. The new passage is \nfrom the large telescope room, in the Observatory. \nA circular flight of stone steps is first descended to \n\n\n\nGHYSTON CAVE. \n\n\n\n31S \n\n\n\na depth of thirty -five feet ; the passage then pro- \nceeds on an inclined plane for about one hundred \nand fifty feet, through the solid rock ; and another \nflight of steps to a depth of thirty feet, leads to the \neastern end of the Cave. The Cave is now ascer- \ntained to be situate at a depth of ninety feet from \nthe summit of the rock, and at a height of two \nhundred and twenty feet from high toater mark, \nmaking the entire measurement of rock three hun- \ndred and ten feet. William Wyrcestre\'s statement \nthat it is sixty vethym, or three hundred and sixty \nfeet, from the bed of the river, may therefore be \nadduced as an instance of the accuracy of his much \ndisputed measurements. \n\nTo the antiquary the historical details of the \nCave are of considerable interest. It appears in all \nancient chronicles to have been invariably deno- \nminated Ghyston Cliff or Cave, and was, on the \n26th of September, 1480, visited by the celebrated \nWilliam Wyrcestre : \xe2\x80\x94 he says, \n\n"The hermitage, with an oratory or chapel, in the most \ndangerous part of the rock, called Ghyston ClifTe, situated in a \ncave of the rock, twenty yards in depth in the said rock, above \nthe river Avon, in honour of St. Vincent."\' \xe2\x80\x94 Itinerary, p. 150, \n\nAlso, \n\n"The halle of the Chapell of Seynt Vincent, of Gyston-cliff, \nys ix yerdes long, and me brede ys 3 yerdes. The length of the \n\nkychyn ys yerdes, and the brede of the kychyn ys 3 yerdes. \n\nAnd from the chapelle of Seynt Vyncent ys to the lower water \n\n\n\n316 CHILCOTT\'S CLIFTON GUIDE. \n\n40 vethym. And from the ovyr part of the mayn grounde \nlonde of the seyd hygh rok down to the seyd chapelle of Seynt \nVyncent ben xx vethym rekened and proved ; and so from the \nhigh mayne ferme londe of the seyd rok downe to the lowest \nwater ground of the channel of Avyn and Frome is 60 vethym, \nand moch more, proved by a yong man of smythy\'s occupacion \nyn Radcliff-strete, that seyd yt to me, hath both descended \nfrom the hyghest of the rok downe to the water syde." \xe2\x80\x94 \nItinerary, p. 54. Dallaway s Edition, \n\nIn Mr. West\'s examination of the cavern some \narticles were discovered, which, though intrinsically- \nvalueless, may still tend to elucidate its history. \nThey consist of numerous fragments of pottery, \nthe mouldings of which, though simple, are in \nsome instances extremely good \xe2\x80\x94 in so much as to \ninduce a belief that they are of Roman origin. A \nlarge, square, glazed tile, such as was used in \npaving the choirs of ancient churches, with an \nantique key, &c, were also among the fragments. \nLying over them was a portion of a mullion of a \nsmall Gothic window, or probably of a tabernacle \nor shrine. The whole of these relics were care- \nfully embedded under a large flat stone, and were \ndiscovered on removing an accumulation of earth \nand weeds from the surface of the Cave. \n\nTo strangers visiting the romantic scenery of \nClifton, we can recommend the Observatory as \nworthy of their notice. It will be found the most \neligible point to obtain a general idea of its local \nbeauties, independent of the amusement afforded \nby the various instruments. \n\n\n\nGUYSTON CAVE. 317 \n\nThe selection of this spot by the Romans for an \nencampment, is a single instance of their sagacity. 3 \nThe Via Julia, the road from Bath to Caerwent, \nhas been traced close by, running across the Down, \nin front of the mansion of A. G. H. Battersby, Esq. \nat Stoke Bishop, continuing under Sneed Park, \nand over the adjoining hill, where it approaches \nSea Mills. There are two other grand encamp- \nments on the Somersetshire side of the river, \nequally well chosen, the ramparts being yet visible \n\xe2\x80\x94 one is immediately opposite the Clifton, and \ncalled the bower walls ; the other to the right is \ncalled Stoke Leigh Camp ; they each overlook that \nvery beautiful valley, or combe, by which they are \nseparated, by some called Nightingale Valley, and \nby others the Happy Valley. 4 \n\nAbout a mile westward from Clifton extends \nDurdham Down, from whence the prospect of the \n\n3 Many relics of Roman antiquity have been found in the \nvicinity of these camps, and numerous coins of the earlier em- \nperors, with urns, tiles, and inscribed bricks, particularly when \nbuilding Sion and Gloucester Rows ; and from the abundance \nof human bones which were found, it has been supposed to have \nbeen a place of interment, after some struggles for the recovery \nof British liberty. \n\n4 The reverberation produced here by the beautiful notes of \nthe nightingale, or by music, was perhaps never heard with such \ndelightful effect elsewhere ; the responses being uncommonly \ndistinct, and dying away by degrees till they are entombed in \ncomplete silence. \n\n\n\n818 CHILCOTT\'S CLIFTON GUIDE. \n\nAvon, pursuing its serpentine course through the \nmagnificent cliffs and miles of rich woodland, until \nits outline melts into the distant Severn, is replete \nwith romantic beauties, sufficient to fill the sketch- \nhook of a hunter after the picturesque. The \nvariety of hill and dale, the foliage clothed in its \nautumnal livery, possessing every diversity of \ncolour, from brown and red through orange and \nyellow to the sombre green of the mournful yew, \nthe lighter green of the laurel and the various firs, \nwith the silver stems of the delicate birch tree, \nshining through the leafy glades, and the blue tint \nof the distance melting into the warmer hues of \nthe nearer landscape, seem a world of glorious \nimagery, the force of whose beauty any further \nattempt at description would materially tend to \nweaken. \n\nOn the summit of the Down, extending round \nthe margin of a dangerous and craggy precipice, \nknown as " Black Rock," is a wall built by a \ngentleman of the name of Wallis, humanely placed \nas a barrier to prevent the destruction of the care- \nless who might otherwise incautiously venture too \nnear the verge of the giddy height. \n\nThe lonely turret, shattered and outworn, of \nwhich we obtain a glimpse over the hanging copse \nat the extremity of the Down, bears the name of \nCook\'s Folly. There is an old tradition belonging \nto this building, which may be briefly told. The \n\n\n\nSEA MILLS. 319 \n\nturret was erected by a person of the name of Cook, \nwho having dreamt that a viper would be the occa- \nsion of his death, imprisoned himself here, to \nguard against the effects of destiny, receiving his \ndaily food and other necessaries by means of a \nbasket he let down from his room. Notwithstand- \ning this precaution, a viper concealed in some \nfagots he had put upon the fire, darted forth upon \nhim and inflicted the death-wound which had been \npredicted. There is also another account of a more \nromantic character, but not so worthy of that im- \nplicit reliance which some may be inclined to place \nupon the truth of the above. The name and date, \n" J. Cook, 1693," may be seen over the entrance \nto the tower. A John Cook was Sheriff of \nBristol in 1672. \n\nFrom hence the scenery gradually looses its \nmajestic and imposing aspect, becoming softer and \nmore domestic, without any object to claim parti- \ncular notice until we arrive at Sea Mills, situated \nat the confluence of the Trym and the Avon. In \nthis place the Romans are said to have laid up \ntheir gallies during winter. Here was once a \nlarge floating dock; but the expense and incon- \nvenience arising from the shipping and unshipping \nof goods so far from Bristol, occasioned it to be \nneglected. A project was afterwards set on foot to \nmake it a depot for a whale fishery; but this \nundertaking likewise failed. Some business was \n\n\n\n320 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nsubsequently carried on in building and refitting \nships ; but the Dock getting out of repair,, and the \nproprietors disagreeing, the concern was entirely \nabandoned. In the c Memoirs of Bristol,\' this \nplace is spoken of as follows : " You will seldom \nfind a spot more Roman in form and situation \nthan Sea Mills, where I fix Abona, 5 with perfect \nconfidence" \n\nSir R. Atkyns, in his History of Gloucestershire, \nsays, " Before the port of Bristol was settled in \nFroom river, there seems to have been a dispute \nwhether a place called Sea Mills was not as con- \nvenient a port as the other, several large ships \nhaving been built there. This occasioned the \nextravagant fabulous story concerning St. Vincent \nand Goram; for if the port of Sea Mills had been \njudged more convenient, thenGoram had prevailed, \nbecause his hermitage was at Westbury, on the side \nof the brook Trim, which runs to Sea Mills." 6 \n\n5 The Roman station Abona (from which it is supposed our \nriver derives its name, though some say it is the Antona of \nTacitus,) has long puzzled the antiquaries with regard to its \npositive situation. \n\n6 It is said that, in days of yore, Giant Vincent cut asunder \nSt. Vincent\'s rocks, in competition with Giant Goram. There \nis a rock pointed out at Kingsweston, as Goram\' s chair ; here, \nthey say, Goram sat down to take a nap ; while Vincent, more \nwatchful, completed the undertaking and obtained all the credit. \n\n\n\n321 \n\n\n\nCLIFTON. \n\nHaving introduced the visitor, in our remarks \non the Hotwells, to its peculiarities, in regard to \nthe waters, rocks, hotels, lodging-houses, steam \npackets, places of public worship, &c. we now beg \npermission to lead him to that part of the village \naptly called Clifton. A few years have produced \nimportant changes in this place, the extent of which, \nas a village, exceeds all parallel. The Royal York \nCrescent is the most extensive pile of buildings of \nthis form in the kingdom, and from its elevated \nsite commands distinct views of Lansdown to the \neast, Dundry Hill and tower to the south, and va- \nrious other objects of interest in the more imme- \ndiate neighbourhood. Cornwallis, or the Lower \nCrescent, situated a little below the York Crescent, \nis also a handsome pile of buildings. \n\nThe Paragon, a beautiful convex crescent, and \nWindsor Terrace, are worthy rivals of the above \nsplendid buildings, and command delightful unin- \nterrupted views. \n\n" Clifton, for these last thirty years or more, under \nthe most decided improvement, has been a never- \nfailing source of lamentation with connoisseurs of \nthe picturesque. All cry out the place is spoiled ; \nthat its perfection was its village state. Now this \nobservation, with regard to Clifton, never was true. \nAs a village^ it never had, nor could it well have, \n\nY \n\n\n\nCHILCOTT\'S CLIFTON GUIDE. \n\nany beauty at all. It was always a bare hill, with- \nout variety, shade, or trees, or any thing to give it \nan interesting character for itself. Its merit was \nits position, as the very spot to be built upon ; as \nit were, the outskirts of the territory of enchant- \nment, from which it was separated by a river, not \nunlike, perhaps, to that which separated Elysium \nfrom the world of care. Looking from Clifton, you \nmight see a land of f promise,\' \xe2\x80\x94 of poetry, and the \nglimpse was just enough to excite the imagination; \nthis was the view to which the eye would turn, \nand gaze till the thoughts would seek refuge or \nrefreshment therein ; and standing or incumbent, \nwith their feet or faces towards it, many were the \nfigures you would see, and may now, \' ripae ulte- \nrioris amantes.\' Clifton, with its fifteen thousand \ninhabitants, present no formidable array of in- \nvaders; it is not a permanent encampment on a \nhill, to overlook and bombard the territories of \nking Oberon. The beautiful woods still keep se- \ncure within them the hidden, the enchanted beauty, \n\' bosomed high in tufted trees ;\' and many are the \nsuitors that come, and at respectful distances fondly \nobserve the magic circle in which she is embow- \nered. Thus the sweetness is not \' wasted on the \ndesert air. 5 The scenery and the buildings thus \ndivided by the river, assist each other; they are \nnot out of character. If Clifton Hill, instead of \npresenting the residences of the opulent, the culti- \n\n\n\nCLIFTON. 328 \n\nvated in taste and the elegant arts of life, were \nreduced to the beggary of a few poor-looking cot- \ntages, the opposite woods, as far as might be, would \nbe vulgarized. Now you associate with them men- \ntal refinement, music, poetry, painting, \xe2\x80\x94 all that \nelevates mankind above the boor. Thus Clifton is \na, residence in the precincts of enchantment ; and \nall within its ken and observation is a charmed \n-domain. You are thoroughly rescued from the \nsight of unseemly toil and thoughtless labour ; for \nthe figures you meet have the e dolce far niente\' \n\nair about them." 7 \n\nCLIFTON CHUKCH. \nThe present church was opened for public wor- \nship on the 12th of August, 1822 ; it is built a few \nfeet northward of the site of the old one : it is a \nspacious edifice, and accommodates a very large \ncongregation. A splendidly painted window has \nbeen placed at the east end of the church at the \nsole expense, we believe, of the Rev. Dr. Pusey. \n\n\n\nST. JOHN\'S CHURCH, Durdham Down. \n\nThis church has recently been built near King\'s \nParade, Durdham Down, for the accommodation of \nthe inhabitants of that populous district ; the parish \nchurch of Clifton being at a great distance. It is \nbuilt in the Gothic style ; and its interior arrange- \n\n7 The Sketeher, Blackwood\'s Magazine, No. 8, [Rev. J. Eagles. ] \n\n\n\n324 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nments are simple and elegant. It contains seats for \n630, of which upwards of 300 are free for the use \nof the poor. It was consecrated by the Lord Bishop \nof Gloucester and Bristol, and opened for public \nworship on Tuesday, April 27, 184L \n\n\n\nCHRIST CHURCH, CLIFTON PARK. \n\nThis new and commodious sacred edifice was \nconsecrated by the Lord Bishop of the Diocese, \nand opened for public worship on Tuesday, Oct. 8, \n1844. It was built by voluntary subscription, and \nforms the fifth church for the parish of Clifton. \nThe patronage is vested in Trustees. \n\nChrist Church is designed in the early English, \nor pointed style of architecture, which prevailed in \nthis country in the 13th century, as exemplified \nby parts of the Cathedrals at York, Salisbury, \nPeterborough, Carlisle, &c. The church comprises \na nave, with an apsidal chancel, and a north and \nsouth transept. The chancel is ascended by five \nsteps, and is separated from the nave by an arch, \n44 feet high ; the transepts are also divided from \nthe nave by arches, 34 feet high. The character- \nistic features of the style, with disengaged columns \nand deeply-recessed moulding, being carried out \nto the greatest extent that the funds at the disposal \nof the Committee would permit. The ceiling is \nopen, of wood, appropriately decorated, and texts \n\n\n\nCLIFTON. \n\nfrom scripture ornament the walls. At the south- \nwest angle of the aisle, is a tower advanced the \nfirst stage, but waiting the necessary funds for its \ncompletion. Sittings are provided for upwards of \n1000 persons, including 350 open sittings. \n\nThere is also an elegant chapel erected in \nRichmond Park, originally designed for the use of \na Baptist congregation, particularly noticeable on \naccount of the elaborate richness of its architectural \ndetails. \n\nBeyond Richmond Park has been lately built \na stately row of elegant and commodious houses, \ncalled Lansdown Place, which it is intended should \nform one side of a square, for which some very \ntasteful designs have been presented, and the \nbuildings are already erecting. \n\n\n\nTHE ROYAL HOTEL \n\nIs situated in the Mall, and contains the assembly \nrooms, with suit of card and tea rooms. The whole \nstructure has a very imposing effect ; its interior \naccommodations are of the first description, and the \nattention paid by its conductors to the convenience \nand comfort of the visitors, secures their entire \nsatisfaction. \n\n\n\nTHE BATH HOTEL, \nOpposite the Downs, has long established its re- \n\n\n\n326 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nputation : those visitors who have once availed \nthemselves of its hospitable entertainments, require \nno other inducement, when again called to the \nvicinity, to make this house their home. \n\n\n\nThere are several very excellent boarding houses \nin Clifton r Sion House, delightfully situated on the \nDowns, commanding views of the most romantic \nscenery, the river, &c. &c. obtains the entire ap- \nprobation of its visitors, not more for the beauty of \nthe situation, than for the attention and good \nmanagement of the proprietors. \n\nNo. 4, Lansdown Place, a newly erected and \nmagnificent pile of building, has been also opened \nas a boarding house. \n\nThe parts of Clifton which are most particularly \nappropriated to occasional visitors are as follow : \xe2\x80\x94 \nRoyal York Crescent, Prince\'s Buildings, Paragon \nBuildings, Caledonia Place, West Mall, the Mall* \nSion Row, Gloucester Row, Portland Place* Boyce\'s \nBuildings, and Richmond Terrace. \n\nThe Post Offices of Clifton and the Hotwells are \nonly receiving houses ; letters are distributed from \nthe Bristol office three times a day. Persons at a \nloss to find their friends, will obtain the best infor- \nmation at the Bristol Post Office. \n\nClifton and its advantages, as a residence, are \nevery day becoming better known and appreciated; \nsupplies of every description, from the most luxu- \n\n\n\nCLIFTON. 327 \n\nrious to the simplest article, can be immediately \nprocured, and at reasonable prices. In three hours \nthe traveller by railroad may reach the metropolis ; \ntwenty minutes will place the man of fashion in \nBath ; one hour and half, and he may find himself \nin the very centre of his pursuits, \xe2\x80\x94 Cheltenham. \n\nThe variety of rides, drives, walks, views, scenery, \nrural retirement, commercial bustle, occasional balls, \nconcerts, &c. &c. cannot be excelled by any place \nof fashionable resort in the kingdom. \n\nThe assemblies are held every alternate week, \nduring the winter season, at the Eoyal Hotel \nAssembly Rooms, tinder the superintendence of C. \nYaughan, Esq. M. C. and are respectably attended. \nMr. V. resides at No. 2, Paragon Buildings. \n\nThe subscription Billiard, Card, and Reading \nRooms, near the Hotel, are well supported by gen- \ntlemen proprietors, and their friends. \n\n\n\nSION SPRING. \nThis spring was discovered in 1796, by Mr. \nMorgan, an attorney of Bristol, who, being about \nto build a house on the hill above the Hotwell, \ndetermined to obtain water, if possible, on his \npremises. With this view, the miners dug and \nblew up the rocks, till they came to the depth of \ntwo hundred and forty-six feet, before they accom- \nplished their object, when, of a sudden, a stream \n\n\n\n328 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\ngushed in upon them so impetuously, that they \nhad great difficulty in escaping the inundation. \nMr. Morgan, on discovering that this water had \nthe same properties as that of the lower house, \nerected an engine for raising it daily, built a spa- \ncious pump-room, and prepared bathing places \nadjoining. \n\nSion Spring now supplies nearly all the inhabit- \nants on the western side of Clifton with water, to \nbe used for domestic purposes. When taken from \nthe pump, it raises the thermometer to seventy- \nthree degrees, though drawn from so great a depth. \n\nThe Reading Room and Public Library, at Sion \nSpring House, conducted by Mr. Haggett, Jun. \ncontains a valuable collection of standard works, \nto which are added every modern publication of \nmerit ; a catalogue of the whole may be had at the \nlibrary. Stationery, in all varieties, sold here. \n\nMr. Lancaster\'s Library, at Portland Place, near \nthe Mall, is supplied with a very large collection \nof New Books, and with an extensive assortment \nof stationery and useful articles. \n\nThe other Library is conducted by O. C. Lane \n& Co. at Nos. 5 and 6, Sion Place, opposite the \nDowns, and at No. 2, Regent Place ; their cata- \nlogue contains upwards of five thousand volumes \nof the most esteemed modern publications, in the \nvarious departments of literature. \n\nAt the entrance of Clifton Down is an elegant \n\n\n\nCLIFTON. 329 \n\nhouse, built by Sir William Draper, now the pro- \nperty of Mrs. William Miles, and named Manilla \nHall; on the right of the entrance is an obelisk, \nwith the following inscription : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nGulielmo Pitt, Comiti de Chatham, \nHoc Amicitiae Testimonium, \nSimul et Honoris publici Monumentum, \nPosuit Gulielmus Draper. \n\nAnd on the left hand is a cenotaph, consisting \nof a raised tomb, supporting a large vase, with an \nurn at the top, well executed in freestone. On the \nside of the vase are some elegant verses ; and be- \nneath, on a tablet \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nSacred \n\nTo the Memory of those departed Warriors \n\nof the Seventy-Ninth Regiment, \n\nBy whose Valour, Discipline, and Perseverance, \n\nThe French Land Forces in Asia \n\nWere first withstood and repulsed ; \n\nThe Commerce of Great Britain preserved; \n\nHer Settlements rescued from impending Destruction. \n\nThe memorable Defence of Madras, \n\nThe decisive Battle of WANDEWASH, \n\nTwelve strong and important Fortresses, \n\nThree superb Capitals, \n\nARCOT, PONDICHERRY, MANILLA, \n\nAnd the PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, \n\nAre lasting Monuments of their Military Glory, \n\nTheir generous Treatment \n\nOf a vanquished Enemy \n\nExhibits an illustrious Example \n\nOf true Fortitude and Moderation, \n\n\n\n330 chilcott\'s cliftox guide. \n\nWorthy of being transmitted \n\nto latest Posterity ; \n\nThat future Generations may know \n\nHumanity is the Characteristic \n\nOf BRITISH CONQUERORS. \n\nThe sides of the tablet are inscribed with the \nnames of the officers of the seventy -ninth regiment \nwho fell in Asia. At the ends of the tomb, in small \noval tables, is the following : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nSiege of Madras raised, Feb. 17. . . . 1759 \n\nConjeveran taken by storm April 13. . . . 1759 \n\nBattle of Wandewash gained Jan. 22 1760 \n\nArcot recovered Feb. 10. . . . 1760 \n\nCorical taken April 5. . . . 1760 \n\nThe lines of Pondicherry stormed . . Sept. 10. . . . 1760 \n\nPondicherry surrendered Jan. 16. ... 1761 \n\nManilla taken by storm Oct. 6. . . . 1762 \n\nThough Sir W. D. was of humble origin, (being \nthe son of a custom-house officer of this port,) yet \nhis great talents raised him to the distinguished \nrank of a general officer in the British army. He \nwas equally adroit with the pen as with the sword. \nWith the former, he proved no mean antagonist for \nthe celebrated Junius ; and with the latter he con- \nquered Manilla. \n\nOpposite to Clifton Church is the house of \nWilliam Goldney, Esq. celebrated for its curious \ngrotto. To gratify a laudable curiosity, respectable \nstrangers may ori Thursdays obtain admission to \nview the highly picturesque grounds and grotto, on \n\n\n\nCLIFTON. 331 \n\napplication at the house of the liberal owner, be- \ntween the hours of ten and twelve in the morning. \n\n\n\nZOOLOGICAL GAKDENS. \n\nA ramble in these gardens will amply repay the \nvisitor for the short extension of his walk, it being \nonly a few yards beyond the turnpike on the Clifton \nDown. \n\nThe Gardens are the property of a society com- \nprising nearly three hundred members, and were \nfirst opened to the public in June, 1836 ; and as they \nwere only commenced in the preceding autumn, \nit was a theme of surprise, admiration, and con- \ngratulation, as well on the part of the public as of \nthe proprietors. Lying immediately on the margin \nof the Downs, commanding a wide view of the \nfinely-wooded banks of the river Avon, and the \nheights crowned by the Observatory \xe2\x80\x94 of Tyndall\'s \nPark and the adjoining country, but little assistance \nwas required from the hands of art. \n\nIn adapting the plantations which encircle the \ngrounds, as well as those which are distributed \nthroughout its interior, to a systematic classifica- \ntion, the committee of management had in view the \nprospect of being able to form, at some future time, \na Botanic Garden in conjunction with the present \nestablishment. The committee have also been \n\n\n\n382 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nextremely desirous to render the Gardens attractive, \nas well to the votaries of pleasure as of science, \nand to prepare them as a scene of general recreation, \nso much wanted in this vicinity. \n\nOf easy access from Bristol and Clifton, a noble \nterrace of nearly three hundred yards in length \noffers to the delicate and infirm, to the infant and \nthe aged, a dry and sheltered and sunny walk, \nsecured from the perils and interruptions of dust \nand dirt; and the remainder of the Gardens \npresent ample shade, and the coolness of lawns \nand lakes, during the heats of summer, to the \npedestrian who shrinks from the broad sunshine \nof the unplanted Downs. \n\nThe entrance lodges, which invariably attract \nthe notice of the stranger, are commended for their \ngood taste, and certainly do great credit to the \narchitectural skill of the designer. \n\nThe massive building erected for the bears, at \nthe extreme end of the grand terrace, strikes the \nvisitor immediately upon his entrance ; and at the \nsame time that it elicits his admiration, prepares \nhim for further pleasure, and enlists his interest in \nfavour of the Gardens. \n\nThe menageries are of substantial and orna- \nmental construction; and advantage has been taken \nof the experience of other similar establishments, \nin the system of heating and ventilating, with many \nother improvements in the internal economy of \n\n\n\nCLIFTON. 333 \n\ntheir arrangements, found to be conducive to the \ngood health of the different animals. \n\nThe Zoological collection is, we believe, at this \ntime, as extensive and valuable as most other simi- \nlar establishments. \n\nThe lake is universally considered to be the best \nspecimen of " ornamental water" in the vicinity ; \nand together with the tastefully erected rock-work, \nthat seems, as it were, to rise up from its bosom, \npresent a picture of very unique and pleasing \ninterest, and cannot fail to call forth the full admi- \nration of the visitors. \n\nOur space will not allow us to be more minute \nin our description, and we must close this notice \nwith the insertion of the terms of admission, which \nwe think for such a treat is exceedingly liberal on \nthe part of the proprietors. \n\nTERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION : \n\nWhole Family, (residing in one house) \xc2\xa3 1 1 for 1 year. \n\nDitto ditto 15 \xe2\x80\x9e 6 months. \n\nDitto ditto 10 \xe2\x80\x9e 3 \xe2\x80\x9e \n\nDitto ditto 6 \xe2\x80\x9e 1 \xe2\x80\x9e \n\nDitto of a Shareholder 10 6 ,, 1 year. \n\nTwo Persons in one Family 15 \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e \n\nOne Person 10 6 \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e \n\nDitto 7 6 ,, 6 months. \n\nDitto 5 \xe2\x80\x9e 3 \xe2\x80\x9e \n\nDitto 2 6 \xe2\x80\x9e 1 \xe2\x80\x9e \n\nThe public admitted on payment of sixpence each person, \n\nOne servant, having the charge of children of any Subscriber, \n\nadmitted gratis. \n\n\n\n334 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nVisitors to our delightful village will find the \ncars and flys of great assistance in their little ex- \ncursions : they are in general very well conducted, \nand the charges are moderate. It is well, how- \never, to make an arrangement with the master, \nwhose name is painted on the carriage, and patro- \nnize one proprietor as much as possible, thereby \nsecuring attention, civility, and punctuality. \n\nWe now take leave of Clifton, and beg to intro- \nduce our readers to a description of the principal \nvillages and seats in the environs of Bristol. \nThese we have arranged in alphabetical order, \nthat the reader may find the place wanted with \ngreater facility. \n\n\n\nABBOTS\' LEIGH, \n\nDeriving its name from having formerly belonged \nto the Abbots of St. Augustine\'s, is a village \nsituated on the brow of Leigh Down ; and is about \nfour miles west of Bristol. Here lately stood an \nold mansion, formerly the residence of Sir G. \nNorton, whose loyalty induced him to conceal King \nCharles II. in his own house, at the hazard of his \nown life, after the battle of Worcester. It is said, \nthat when his pursuers made inquiry of the cook- \nmaid for him, she, to prevent suspicion, applied \na stick to the back of poor Charles, and scolded \nhim for not winding up the jack : (a block of wood \n\n\n\nabbots\' LEIGH. 335 \n\nis still preserved, on which it is said the king stood \nto perform the menial office) this so completely \ndeceived the inquirers, that they actually interceded \nin his behalf, and went to search elsewhere for \nthe king. From Sir G. N.\'s house he removed \nto Trent, in Dorsetshire, and eventually embarked \nfor France with Lord Wilmot, both of whom \nassumed the garb of Isle of Wight coal merchants. \n\nIt may be matter of curious observance to note, \nthat upon the same spot which afforded a harbour \nand a refuge, in his fallen fortunes, to the son of a \nmartyred king, in those stormy and turbulent times \nwhen bestowing upon him the shelter of a roof \nwas denied unto his people, and visited not only \nwith reproach and condemnation, but frequently \nby the alienation of estate and the sacrifice of life \nitself, \xe2\x80\x94 that here the son of another sovereign was \nrecently received and entertained with the charac- \nteristic loyalty and hospitality of our land, which \nstill animates and expands the bosom of all classes, \nthe poorest as the most wealthy, tending by its \nunanimity to preserve the peace, harmony, and \nhappiness of society, and by its continuance to \nsurround us with an indomitable fortress, the \npower, greatness, and prosperity of this mighty \nempire. \n\nThe church is a plain building, situated on an \neminence which commands a beautiful view of the \nSevern. Within the church are some monuments \n\n\n\n336 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nof the Norton family, of whom the Thomas Norton, \nrenowned for his skill in the occult sciences, and \nwho resided in St. Peter\'s churchyard in the \nfifteenth century, was an ancestor. \n\n\n\nALMONDSBURY \n\nIs six miles and a half from Bristol, on the road \nto Gloucester. This village is said to have derived \nits name from Alemond, a West-Saxon prince, the \nfather of Egbert, the first sole monarch of England \n(who it is supposed was buried in the church). A \ncamp or berg is situated close by, near the Severn, \n\xe2\x80\x94 a commanding station. In the year 1650, a \ncoffin was dug out of a tumulus at Over, near this \nparish: the bones were those of a man, whose \nheight must have exceeded the common stature by \nmore than three feet : the corpse was buried sitting, \nwhich was the customary method of interring kings \nand princes. The church is a very old building, \nand the spire covered with lead. The river Severn \nis a beautiful object seen from thence. \n\n\n\nASHTON \n\nFrom Clifton, crossing at Rownham Ferry, is but \nhalf a mile, from Bristol over Bedminster Bridge \nis about three, its locality is most pleasing, situated \nin a richly wooded vale, having the lofty ridge of \n\n\n\nASHTON. 337 \n\nDundry to the south, and a corresponding range \nof hills to the north. It is famous for its straw- \nberry gardens, for the perfect enjoyment of such \ndelicious fruit, with the addition of cream, number- \nless parties flock hither during the season, when \na band of music is engaged to add to the gaiety \nand amusement of the company. In the village \nthere are many comfortable lodging-houses, having \ngood accommodation. The church is dedicated to \nAll-Saints, and its original foundation is attributed \nto the family of the Lyons: it is divided into a nave, \nchancel, north and south aisles, and two chapels, \none on each side. A beautiful Gothic screen, \nwhich formerly supported the rood loft, remains ; \nand in the north chapel is a costly monument, with \neffigies of Sir Richard Choke and his wife. Sir \nRichard Choke, who was chief judge of England, \ndied in 1486. Recent repairs and appropriate \nrenovations have contributed very much to the \nbeauty of this building. \n\nAshton Court, the seat of Sir John Smyth, \nBart., is built on a gentle eminence, in the centre \nof a luxuriantly wooded park, which was originally \nenclosed and planted by Thomas de Lyons, in \n1391, under a licence granted by Richard II., and \nwho from that time added the name of Ashton to \nthe family appellation. The most ancient part of \nthis building was erected by the Ashton Lyons, \nwho resided in it, and whose arms and devices \nz \n\n\n\n338 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\ncontinue conspicuous on many parts of it. At the \nback part of the mansion the ancient gateway still \nremains, leading from the park to the outer courts, \nin which the Gothic windows, battlements, and \nprojecting buttresses, are preserved, and is still \ncalled the Castle Court. The present front was \nerected in 1634, by Inigo Jones. 8 The entrance \nto this mansion is by a castellated lodge and gate- \nway, from the road leading to Weston-super-Mare. \nA gallery of fine paintings, amongst which is a \nseries of family portraits, adds considerably to the \ninterest of the interior. \n\nAbove the house is a connodial hill, with a group \nof trees called the " Tump," where are the remains \nof Ashton Camp, occupying a considerable space, \ncovered with thorns, blackberry bushes, and other \nunderwood. \n\n\n\nBADMINTON, \n\nThe seat of his Grace the Duke of Beaufort, is \nabout sixteen miles north-east from Bristol. This \nmagnificent mansion is adorned with some fine \npaintings and antique sculptures, and also contains \na fine library. The parish church was built by his \nlate Grace, the sixth Duke, and is much admired. \n\n8 Rutter\'s Delineation of the North-West Division of the \nCounty of Somerset. \n\n\n\nBADMINTON. 339 \n\nIt is said that two of the family monuments in \nit were executed in Italy. An affecting monu- \nment to the memory of the late Duke of Beaufort \nis placed in the private chapel of the Beaufort \nfamily at Badminton, by his present Grace, whose \nfilial reverence and feeling for his lamented sire \nprompted him to erect a magnificent piece of \nsculpture. It is comprised of a plain centre tablet^ \nplaced between two very elegant pilasters of un- \nusually pure statuary marble, and resting on a \nbroad and noble plinth of vein stone. The \npilasters, decorated with the portcullis, garter, \nand ducal coronet, support a rich and elaborate \npediment, the scrolls and foliage of which are of \nexcellent workmanship, and are surmounted by the \narms of the family, carved in bold and beautiful \nrelief. The whole repose against a background \nof pure dove marble, the tints of which tone finely \nwith the general character of the monument, form- \ning an ensemble seldom witnessed in designs of this \ndescription. The inscription is as follows : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nSacred to the memory of \n\nHenry Charles, Sixth Duke of Beaufort, K. G. \n\nBorn Dec. 22, 1 766 ; succeeded his father, Henry, fifth Duke, \n\nOct. 11, 1803; died Nov. 23, 1835, in the \n\n69th year of his age. \n\nIn kindness of heart, suavity of manners, gentleness and \n\nmeekness of disposition, in humility and diffidence of his \nown merits, in integrity of purpose and uprightness of con- \nduct, few equalled \xe2\x80\x94 none surpassed him. \n\n\n\n340 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nIt may be truly said of him, that he was the rich man\'s friend, \n\nand the poor man\'s benefactor. \n\nIn every station of life he shone pre-eminent. \n\nHe was the most dutiful of sons, the kindest of fathers, \n\nthe best of husbands, the most affectionate of brothers. \n\nHe lived diffusing happiness and comfort around him ; his \n\ndeath was that of a true Christian. \n\nHe died universally beloved, respected, and lamented. \n\nIn remembrance of his many virtues this tablet was erected \n\nby his affectionate son, Henry, seventh Duke of Beaufort, \n\nA. D. 1837. \n\n\n\nBANWELL, \n\nSixteen miles from Bristol, was once celebrated \nfor its monastic establishment, long since for- \ngotten and passed away. The Bishop\'s Palace is \nsupposed to have been erected on its site by Bishop \nBeckington, who flourished during the middle of \nthe fifteenth century ; at the commencement of the \nlast it lost its ecclesiastical distinction, and became \nknown as Banwell Court; the parts of the palace, \nnot then demolished, were, with the exception of \nthe chapel, removed a few years past, by the pre- \nsent proprietor. There was also a fine park to the \neastward of the village belonging to the palace. \n\nBanwell Church is an unusually fine parochial \nedifice, attributed to Bishop Beckington, and, like \nmany more, bearing traces of successive extensive \nrepairs not always in conformity to the style in \n\n\n\nBAN^JbXL. 341 \n\nwhich they are designed. Outside it strikes us by \nits loftiness and correct proportions, inside by the \nrichness and amplitude of its details. The groined \nroof of the nave and tower, the ornamental oak \nscreen, the remains of the rood loft, the stone \npulpit, the ancient font and the brasses, are all ob- \njects of abiding interest to the archaeologist and the \nantiquary; to the latter the churchwardens\' ac- \ncounts, commencing in 1516, will be found very \ncurious. \n\nBanwell Caves are highly interesting objects, \nand will amply repay the curiosity of the visitor. \nThey are situated at the western point of Banwell \nhill, immediately above the extensively populated \nvillage of that name, about one hour\'s journey from \nBristol by railway. The late bishop of Bath and \nWells, who was lord of the manor, erected a neat \nand ornamental cottage, in 1827, for his occasional \nresidence ; and with the laudable view of preserv- \ning the bones, &c. in the Caves, purchased from \nhis tenant the lease of the ground, enclosed it, \nand laid it out with ornamental shrubs. From the \nsummit of the hill, which is nearly half a mile in \nlength, abounding with ochre, calamine, and lead, \na most delightful and commanding prospect is \nobtained of Brent Knoll, and, of a clear day, Bridg- \nwater spire to the south; Congresbury spire and \nYatton church to the north ; Weston-super-Mare, \nWorle, and the Severn, with tke Monmouthshire \ncoast to the west \n\n\n\n342 CHILCOTT\'s CLIFTON GUIDE. \n\nTo Mr. Beard\'s intelligence, zeal, and perse- \nverance, the public are indebted for the very in- \nteresting discoveries contained in Banwell Caves. \nHis house is on the south side of the hill,- half a \nmile from the caves, where he has some of the \nfinest and choicest specimens of bones, &c. pre- \nserved in old oak cabinets, and which he feels \ngreat pleasure in showing to his numerous visitors. \nThe sentences which every where meet the eye \non arriving at the cottage and caves, are admirably \ncalculated to awaken and to call into exercise the \nbest feelings of the heart. Immediately in front of \nthe bishop\'s cottage, on a tablet in the wall, is \nthe following: \n\nHere once where druids trod in times of yore, \n\nAnd stain\' d their altars with a victim\'s gore ; \n\nHere now the Christian, ransom\' d from above, \n\nAdores a God of mercy and of love. \n\nAnd over the small cave at the entrance, \nHere let the scoffer of God\'s holy word \nBehold the traces of a delug\'d world ; \nHere let him in Banwell Caves adore \nThe Lord of heaven ! then go and scoff no more. \n\nThere are two principal caves, one larger and \ndeeper than the other ; they contain bones of the \nbear, wolf, ox or buffalo, deer or stag, fox, wild cat, \nmouse or bat, &c. How or by what means such an \namazing collection of bones came there, is a question \ndeeply interesting and difficult to determine, and \nabout which geologists are by no means agreed* \n\n\n\n343 \n\n\n\nBEDMINSTER. \n\nThis parish, which, in ancient times consisted \nof only a few cottages, is now grown so populous, \nand crowded with buildings, as to form a very con- \nsiderable addition to the city of Bristol. Before the \nBristol and Exeter Railroad was formed, it was the \ngreat thoroughfare to the west of England. It was \nanciently the lordship and estate of the lords of \nBerkeley, and continued in that family during \nseveral successions. On the western side of the \nroad, near the Police Station, the hospital of St. \nCatherine was erected in 1219. \n\nThe church, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, \nconsisting of a nave, chancel, and north aisle, and \nstanding a little southward of the village, has flou- \nrished ever since the Saxon days, and has been \nendowed with large revenues. It is a prebend in \nthe cathedral church of Salisbury ; and at the time \nof the conquest, the then officiating priest held \nwithin the manor and parish one hundred and \ntwenty acres of land- At the western end is a \nlarge square tower, with open balustrades at top, \ncontaining a clock and two bells. On this tower \nonce stood a steeple, which fell down in 1563. \n\nDuring the civil war, in 1642, 200 horses were \nsent on to Bristol under Commissioner-General \nIreton, to preserve the neighbourhood of the city \nfrom plunder and firing, and thus secure quarters, \n\n\n\n344 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nwhen Bedminster church was desecrated by being \nconverted into a stable ; it must have been mate- \nrially injured on this occasion, as we find that in \n1663, when peace again smiled over the land, it \nreceived a very general repair. The chancel win- \ndows are enriched with stained glass, the gift of \nRobert Phippen, Esq. \n\nThe only ancient monument to be found in it \nis on a flat stone in the chancel, to the memory \nof the family of Grinfield, which states that they \nsettled here in the second year of Edward I. \n\nThe Rev. Thomas Broughton, author of Biblio- \ntheca Historica Sacra, and projector of the Bio- \ngraphia Britannica, was vicar in 1774. \n\nSt. Paul\'s Church, in which a large portion is \nappropriated to free sittings, has lately been erected \nopposite the New Gaol, for the accommodation \nof this populous district, of which the Rev. Mr. \nEland is the minister. \n\nA chapel for the Independent Protestant Dissent- \ners, has also been erected near Bedminster bridge, \nby the late J. Hare, Esq. at his sole expense, with \nan outlay of \xc2\xa34,000, and was opened for divine \nworship by the Rev. Dr. Chalmers, June 15, 1830. \n\n\n\nBERKELEY. \n\nThe ancient family of the Berkeleys are so in- \ncorporated with Bristol, that a few words respect- \n\n\n\nBERKELEY. 345 \n\ning their residence, cannot well be omitted from \nthese pages. The village of Berkeley, nineteen \nmiles from Bristol, on the Gloucestershire road, is \nmuch visited for its strong castle, part of which, \nretaining much of its olden character, is liberally- \nthrown open for the inspection of the public. It \nis a place historically interesting, and painfully \nassociated with an eventful epoch, from the circum- \nstance of Edward II. being murdered here. The \nroom in which the barbarous deed was committed \nis still shown, and if we may believe the annals \ntrue, there still remains evidence of the crime in \nthe blood-stained floor. Adam, bishop of Hereford, \nis notorious for having written ambiguous words to \nthe king\'s keeper to promote the death of the \nsovereign, and yet escape the odium and punish- \nment of his guilt. The words bear a contrary con- \nstruction according to the stops in reading them. \n\n" To murther King Edward fear : not to do it is praiseworthy." \n" To murther King Edward fear not \xe2\x80\x94 to do it is praiseworthy." \n\nThe church is of great extent, and consists of a \nnave, aisles, and spacious chancel, with a chapel on \nthe south side, the sepulchre of the Berkeley \nfamily, in which are some stately monuments, with \neffigies carved in white marble. At a short dis- \ntance, in the churchyard, is a tower which probably \nbelonged to the old church. \n\nDr. Edward Jenner, who in 1799 introduced \n\n\n\n346 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nvaccine inoculation, for which he obtained a grant \nfrom parliament of \xc2\xa310,000, was a native of this \nparish. \n\n\n\nBLAIZE CASTLE, \n\nThe seat of J. S. Harford, Esq., is situated in the \nparish of Henbtjry, about four miles and a half \nnorth of Bristol. The approach to the house is \nconducted through a deep and richly-wooded glen, \nand is full of romantic beauty. The house is an \nelegant edifice, and contains many fine pictures, \ncollected by Mr. Harford in Italy. The surround- \ning pleasure grounds are exquisitely diversified \nwith wood and lawn, and the walks which conduct \nto and from the castle are fraught with fine views \nand enchanting scenery. The ground-plan of the \ncastle is a circle flanked on the outside with three \nround towers, equi-distant, forming a triangle ; in \none of these is a geometrical staircase, by which you \nascend to a large and elegant Gothic room. A \nchapel once stood here, dedicated to St. Blazius, \nthe patron of the wool-combers. Here are to be \ntraced very extensive remains of a strong Roman \ncamp, though concealed in a great degree by the \noverhanging woods. Many Koman coins of brass \nand some of silver were found in digging the \nfoundation of the castle in 1766, and the present \nowner has at different times found more when \n\n\n\nBLAIZE CASTLE. 347 \n\nemployed in planting. The fame of the Blaize \nCastle grounds, and the noble prospects which they \ncommand, induce so many visitors to request \npermission to view them, that Mr. Harford has \nappointed Thursday in every week, as a day for \npublic gratification; and those who wish to embrace \nthis opportunity, have only to send their application \nby post, or otherwise, (so that it be received before \nThursday,) to the gardener, Blaize Castle, or to \nthe Gothic lodge at the top of Henbury Hill, after \nwhich immediate admission will be given, and every \nattention shown them. \n\nShould circumstances prevent attendance on the \nday fixed, it is necessary to send another notice, as \na Guide being required for each party it is essential \nto know what number to provide. \n\nFrom the grounds of Blaize Castle, the visitor \nwill be led to Blaize Hamlet, consisting of ten \ncottages, erected in 1810, at the expense of the \nlate J. S. Harford, Esq. for a most benevolent \npurpose. A visit to them has long formed a \nfavourite excursion from the village of Clifton and \ncity of Bristol. \n\n"Wh.eth.er regarded distinctly, or in combination with each \nother, these cottages are justly deserving of that public interest \nwhich they have excited. Each is in itself a truly picturesque \nobject; and by means of the skill displayed in their mutual \ncontrast, shape, and collocation, they form, from various points \nof view, most pleasing compositions, and offer a variety of \nsubjects for the pencil. \n\n\n\n348 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\n"The air of comfort diffused over these little dwellings; \nthe play of light and shadow produced by their projections and \nrecesses, which afford shelter to a variety of beautiful creepers ; \nthe highly ornamental and varied character of the chimneys ; \nand the beauty of the surrounding little gardens, glittering \nthroughout the summer with flowers of the brightest hues, \nand guarded from the intruding hand by hedges of sweetbriar, \nsuggest the most pleasing images to the fancy, and shed a \nromantic and poetical character over this favoured asylum. \nThe only rivalry we could hear of as existing among its \ninhabitants, was \n\n\'Who should first \nThe welcome spring salute, \xe2\x80\x94 whose borders shew \nThe earliest bloom, the sweetest, proudest charms \nOf Flora.\' \n\n" The interior of these abodes is not less gratifying than their \nexternal aspect. The rooms are comfortable and well arranged. \nEvery cottage has its oven and boiler ; and so equal are they in \npoint of accommodation, that each possessor will be found, \nupon inquiry, happy in the persuasion that his own dwelling \nis the prettiest and the best upon the green. \n\n"The founder of Blaize Hamlet was the late John S. Harford, \nEsq. ; who, after effecting, with equal judgment and taste, a \nseries of striking improvements in the romantic domain to which \nit is an appendage, gratified at once, by this final work, his love \nof the picturesque, and his feelings of benevolence. His object \nwas to provide a comfortable asylum for persons advanced in \nyears, and who had a sufficient income to maintain them \ncomfortably, when relieved from the expense of house rent. \nHe did not long survive the completion of the plan ; but it was \nhis delight, as long as his health permitted, to visit a spot in \nwhich he had been the means of centering so much happiness. \n\n"These cottages were erected in the year 1811, from the \ndesigns of John Nash, Esq., whose name is well known to \nthe public, as the architect principally concerned in the recent \nimprovements carried on in the metropolis. It is due to him \n\n\n\nBRISLINGTON. 349 \n\nto add, that he entered with lively interest into the project ; \nand has often been heard to say, that no palace which he ever \nplanned, had imparted to him a pleasure comparable to that \nwhich he derived from this humble employment of his talents \nand ingenuity." 9 \n\n\n\nBEISLINGTON \nLies about two miles and a half south-east from \nBristol, on the road to Bath. When the gate called \nXew Gate, in Bristol, was ordered to be removed, \na gentleman of Brislington had the materials con- \nveyed to his estate and there re-erected ; having \npreviously obtained some ancient statues, once \naffixed to Lawford\'s Gate, and formerly belonging \nto the Castle. These relics are still to be seen, \nand we hope they may not be again disturbed. \n\nA gentleman resides here, who has collected \ndrawings and remains, portraits, &c. relating to \nancient and modern Bristol, to a very great extent. \n\nIn the church is a tomb-stone, with the following \ninscription : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n1542, Thomas Newton, aged 153. \n\nThis stone was newly faced in the year 1771, to perpetuate \n\nthe great age of the deceased. \n\nIt is supposed that the figure 1 was prefixed on the \nold monument in the way of sport, as no tradition \n\nremains of this venerable man. \n\n9 From the introduction to a very splendid series of \nlithographic engravings of these cottages, by Harding, from \ndrawings by O\'Xeil. \n\n\n\n350 chilcott\'s cltfton guide. \n\nKing John, at the request of Isabel his wife, \ngranted this manor (attached to the honour of \nGloucester and Castle of Bristol) to Sir John de la \nWarre ; one of whose successors is stated to have \nbeen present at the battle of Poictiers. In 1328, \na petition was presented to parliament at the suit \nof John de la Warre, complaining that the manor \nof Bristleton, which then and always was without \nthe bounds of the king\'s chase, called Kingswood, \nand also that of Fillwood, had been included within \nthe said chases by the wardens thereof. One of \nthe lords de la Warre founded a chapel here to the \nhonour of St. Anne, the height of which to the \nvaulted arch was eighty feet, having nineteen but- \ntresses. Particular mention is made of this chapel \nby William Wyrcestre. St. Bartholomew\'s priory, \nin Bristol, was purchased by the executors of \nRobert Thorne, of Sir Thomas West, and Lord \nde la Warre, its patrons, in the reign of Henry \nVIII. It has been stated that Robert de Gourney, \nfounder of Gaunt\'s Hospital, was also named De \nWarre, or De la Warre. Sir John de la Warre \nwas also of Knowle. \n\n\n\nBROCKLEY, \n\nSo celebrated for its beautiful Combe, is the resi- \ndence of John Hugh Smyth Pigott, Esq.the Lord of \nthe Manor, whose family mansion is adorned with \na fine and admirable collection of paintings, some \n\n\n\nBURNHAM. 351 \n\nof which are choice specimens of modern artists. \nIn the drawing room are the celebrated chairs on \nsilver castors, which belonged to Cardinal Wolsey, \nand were in his palace at Esher- The library \ncomprises 6,000 volumes of rare and scarce books, \nbesides several extremely valuable ancient manu- \nscripts. Articles of virtu and interest are to be \nfound in each apartment ; amongst the furniture \nmay be noticed Napoleon\'s chairs and couch, from \nMal-Maison. \n\nThe church is small, but elegantly and appropri- \nately fitted up with rich and elaborate carvings, \nfor which, a fine toned organ, and other furniture \nand decorations, it is indebted to the munificence \nof Mr. Pigott. \n\nFor fine romantic effect and rude grandeur, the \nravine called Brockley Combe can scarcely be \nsurpassed, being a remarkable glen, with loftly \nacclivities on each side, where vegetation is most \nluxuriant, and trees of all shapes and character \nare scattered in the most interesting confusion. It \nis so well known to the artist, or amateur, and \nparties of pleasure, that enlarging our pages by \nany attempt at description would be superfluous. \nFrom Bristol it is rather more than eight miles. \n\n\n\nBURNHAM \n\nIs two miles west of Highbridge and twenty-seven \n\n\n\n352 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nfrom Bristol, situated at the mouth of the river \nParret. It is celebrated not only as a fashionable \nwatering place, but also for its chalybeate and sul- \nphuric springs. In the parish church is a very \nhandsome marble altar-piece representing the na- \ntivity, designed and sculptured by the famous Inigo \nJones, which the visitor will do well to see. It \nwas presented to the parish by a late bishop of \nRochester, who had formerly been rector of Burn- \nham. \n\n\n\nCHEDDAR. \n\nThe village of Cheddar consists of four irregular \nstreets, with an hexagonal market-cross nearly in \nthe centre. The population is about two thousand. \nSome distance beyond are the celebrated Cheddar \nCliffs, a stupendous chine or chasm through the \nhighest ridge of the Mendip Hills. \n\nThe approach from the village is extremely \npicturesque and beautiful; "a brook, clear as crys- \ntal, leads its murmuring course by the side of the \nroad on the left, backed by a shrubby wood, at the \nedge of which are a few humble cottages ; and on \nthe opposite side, the ground swells into a steep, \nsufficiently covered, however, with verdure and ve- \ngetation to form a soft feature in the scene : but as \nthe visitor advances, the abyss suddenly expands, \nthe rocks assume a more precipitous character, \n\n\n\nCHEDDAR. 353 \n\npresenting bold and almost perpendicular points \nwith bare and rugged tops, towering many hundred \nfeet above the level of the country." \n\nThe visitor is not, however, permitted to enjoy \nor contemplate the scene without perpetual inter- \nruption from the resident females, who unremit- \ntingly persevere in offering for sale small polished \nspecimens of the rocks, or in recommending a \nvisit to the several caves, few of which are either \nstriking or capacious. From a ledge of rock, in \nfront of the entrance to the cave above that which \nhad formed the comfortless habitation of a poor . \nwoman for many years, the view amply compen- \nsates for the roughness of the ascent; being \nconsiderably heightened by a bold insulated mass \nof rock, rising perpendicularly in front, on the \nopposite side of the chasm. \n\nThere is here also a most extraordinary and in- \nteresting stalactite cavern, recently discovered by \nMr. Cox, on his own property, in the valley leading \nto the cliffs. It has one main porch and three or \nfour lateral branches, narrow fissures about ten or \ntwelve feet broad, and some thirty or forty feet \nhigh, vested and draped with the most fantastic \nand beautiful marble stalactite one can conceive, \nforming festoons, drapery, pillars from four to fif- \nteen feet in height, fonts or basins of the purest \nwater, bacon, bread, &c. &c. The floor, when dis- \n2a \n\n\n\n354 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\ncovered, was a mass of stalagmite covering rounded \ngravel, of tlie mountain stone, filling up about ten \nfeet of the bottom. The owner has cut galleries \nthrough this stalagmite ; and is an excellent show- \nman, lighting the whole with a group of candles \non a tin plate, which he raises to the roof, or thrusts \nthrough the narrow fissures, so as to exhibit the \nwhole to perfection. \n\nIt has been remarked by many visitors, that the \ninterior parts of this cavern resemble the grotto of \nAntiparos, in the Archipelago. It is so perfectly \nclean and easy of access, that the most timid and deli- \ncate female may explore it without inconvenience. \n\nA rough carriage road winds for nearly two \nmiles through the cliffs, until it reaches the summit \nof the hills, presenting various advantageous points \nfor viewing the wild and tremendous magnificence \nof the scenery; the rocks alternately projecting on \none side, and receding on the other, and on either \nhand rising almost perpendicularly into the most \nwild and picturesque forms; sometimes resembling \nthe " ruined battlements and solitary towers of a \nstupendous castle," having their perpendicular \nfronts partially covered with ivy, and beautifully \nintersected by verdant ledges, scattered over with \nthe mountain ash and darker yew, intermingled \nwith the crimson mountain pink, and other flower- \ning shrubs peculiar to this romantic district. \n\n\n\nCHEDDAR. 355 \n\nNine considerable springs, 10 pure as crystal, \nburst from the foot of the rocks, and almost imme- \ndiately uniting together, form a beautiful stream, \ndashing over a rough bed of sand, mixed with \nshingles, and sprinkled with fragments of rock, \nover which the water murmurs, keeping in perpetual \nmotion the curious aquatic plants, 11 with which its \nsurface is covered; and these mingling their \ndeeper shades with the blue and amber-coloured \ncone of the fresh water limpet, that adheres to the \nrocks scattered over its bed. 12 \n\nA paper by Mr. W. Long was read at the meeting \nof the British Association, at Newcastle, descriptive \nof a bone cavern near Cheddar, containing human \nas well as other animal bones. The fact of human \nbones being found embedded in any old formation \nis of rare occurrence, especially when found in \nconnexion with extinct animals. The cave is in \na limestone rock, about thirty feet deep, which on \nentering has the appearance of lofty chambers \ntapering into an arch-way, which again opens into \nlofty chambers, on the bottom of which are found \nhuman skulls and bones, mixed with those of bears, \ndeer, oxen, &c. embedded in soil, and evidently of \nremote origin. \n\n10 The water which, forms the springs at Cheddar is, probably, \nsl stream which shrinks into the chasms of the rock above, at \nLongwood, and in another place, on Charter House farm. \n\n11 Particularly the Polypodes, Asplenums, and Confervas. \nl * See Rutter\'s Delineation of the County of Somerset. \n\n\n\n356 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nCHEPSTOW, Monmouthshire, \nIs three miles from Aust Ferry, on the Beachley \nside. Since the establishment of steam vessels, \nChepstow has been much frequented; having in \nits immediate vicinity the ruins of a stately castle, \nand the romantic neighbourhood of Piercefield, \nWynd Cliff, Tintern 13 Abbey, the Banks of \nthe Wye, &c. &c. One of the towers is built on \nthe edge of a rock, over-hanging the river Wye. \nHere, covering the structure from the foundation, \nthe festooned ivy has luxuriantly spread, and, com- \nbining with both, could almost seem to make one \ncoeval with the other. The eastern entrance to the \ncastle lying between two lofty towers, approached \nby a gentle acclivity, indicate the care and labour \nbestowed upon its fortification, as seen in the pon- \nderous strongly-latticed portals, the crossing of \nwhich are secured with iron bolts within, and \ncovered with iron plates without. The groove in \nwhich the portcullis worked still retains its original \nappearance, and there may also be observed two \nlarge round funnels or machiolations in the soffit of \nthe arch, for the purpose of throwing down stones, \nor pouring down molten lead, &c. on the heads of \nthe assailants. Henry Marten, one of the regicides \nwho presided at the condemnation of Charles L, \n\n13 See Tintern and its Vicinity, illustrated with numerous \ndiagrams, wood engravings, &c. by W. H. Thomas, Surgeon, \nM. R. C. S., published by J. Chilcott, Bristol. \n\n\n\nCHEPSTOW. 357 \n\nwas confined in this castle for life. The ancient \nkeep is distinguished as Henry Marten\'s tower, \ncontaining the gloomy noxious dungeon in which \nprisoners of war were said to have been incarce- \nrated. One of the now roofless apartments is tradi- \ntionally assigned as the abode of the regicide for be- \ntween twenty and thirty years, till death released him. \n\nThis fortress was of great importance during the \ncivil wars, and the scene of many violent and gory \nconflicts. At its last siege, when it was taken by the \nparliament, in the year 1648, Sir Nicholas Kemeys \nand about forty men were slain by the republicans. \nSo excited were the soldiers on this occasion, that \nthey barbarously cut the flesh in stripes from the \nbody of Sir Nicholas, and wore them like cockades \nin their caps, repugnant and loathsome favours of \ntheir sanguinary triumph. \n\nIt is difficult, so hardly have- years dealt with \nthis fabric, so vividly has ruin left the impress of \nits annihilating power on all around, to distinguish \nin the shells of the apartments scarce a vestige to \nwhich their original purposes might be traced. \nWhere are the cloudy trophies of the victor\'s \ntriumph ? Where the thousands of the great and \npowerful, who, flushed with war\'s excitement, once \nmingled here in the glittering pageantry? The \nbreath of their short lives is but as a flash of \nthought, lighting the records of time\'s deep gulph, \nand its shadow are the ruins which lie mouldering \n\n\n\n358 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nat our feet. A power mightier than man has \nwaged against the massy fortress, and laid it waste ; \nthe dissolving hand of centuries has touched it; \nthe shroud of mutation has enfolded it; and \nbehold ! there are heaps of stones, crumbling walls, \nclinging ivy, rank grass, noxious weeds, rottenness, \ndecay, wildness, desolation, and loveliness; time\'s \nepitaph on man\'s ambition, traced by the finger of \nruin on the relics of feudal magnificence. \n\nTopographical writers differ as to the antiquity \nof the castle. It was formerly, however, of great \nextent, as according to Leland\'s account, the \n"waulleS began at the end of the great bridge over \nWy." The chapel belonging to the castle has \nsome Saxon arches, constituted in part of Roman \nbricks, which declare it to have existed prior to the \ngeneral building : it is said that the priests had the \naddress to impose on the people, that it was erected \nby Longinus, a Jew, father of the soldier who pierced \nthe side of Christ! The iron bridge, of five \narches, built in 1816, cost \xc2\xa320,000, to pay which \na rate was levied on the counties of Gloucester and \nMonmouth; the centre arch spans one hundred \nand twelve feet. The original church, a beautiful \nold building of Norman character, was formerly an \nalien priory of Benedictine Monks to the Abbey of \nCormeil, in Normandy, and has, within these few \nyears, been very much enlarged. The remains of \nHenry Marten were originally deposited in the \n\n\n\nCHEPSTOW. \n\n\n\n359 \n\n\n\nchancel, but have been removed into the body of \nthe church, at the instance of a former incumbent, \nwho declared that the body of a regicide should \nnever disgrace the chancel of that church of which \nhe was the vicar. In the north transept the follow- \ning acrostical epitaph, written by himself, ap- \npears: \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nHere, Sept. 9, 1680, \nwas buried \nA TRUE-BORN ENGLISHMAN, \nWho, in Berkshire, was well known \nTo love his country\'s freedom \'bove his own ; \nBut being immured full twenty year \nHad time to write, as doth appear, \n\nHIS EPITAPH : \n\nHere or elsewhere (all\'s one to you, to me,) \n2?arth, air, or water, gripes my ghostly dust, \nNone know how soon to be by fire set free : \ndeader, if you an old-try \'d rule will trust, \nYou will gladly do and suffer what you must. \n\nMy time was spent in serving you and you, \ny^nd death\'s my pay, it seems, and welcome too ; \nRevenge destroying but itself, while I \nTo birds of prey leave my old cage and fly : \nExamples preach to the eye \xe2\x80\x94 care then (mine says) \nNot how you end, but how you spend, your days. \n\nKing Edward I. once visited Chepstow, on the \nfollowing occasion : In order to settle a contest be- \ntween Edward and Llewellyn, a prince of Wales, \nthe former appeared upon Aust Cliff; the latter \n\n\n\n360 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nstationed himself at Beachley, upon the opposite \nshore, without either of them moving to meet the \nother. Edward at length entered a boat, and or- \ndered it to be rowed across. Llewellyn, struck \nwith this instance of magnanimity, as soon as the \nboat approached, quitted instantly the spot upon \nwhich he stood, threw off his robe of state, and \ndarting into the water, to the height of his breast, \nhe laid hold of the boat, addressing his rival thus : \n" Most wise king, your condescension has over- \ncome my pride, and your wisdom triumphed over \nmy folly : tread upon that neck which I had lifted \nagainst you, and enter the land which you have \nmade your own. 55 Nothing less than carrying \nEdward to land upon his shoulders would satisfy \nthe Welsh prince ; and upon Edward\'s landing, he \ndid him homage as his vassal. \n\nVisitors landing from the steam packet, should \ntheir time be short, may have conveyances toPiERCE- \nfield, Wynd Cliff, and Tintern Abbey; or plea- \nsure boats to Tintern may be immediately procured. \n\nPiercefield Park, is one mile from Chepstow. \nThe house contains many handsome rooms, and \nsome beautiful specimens of tapestry; but the \ngreatest attraction of this celebrated estate is the \nview from its walks, which are most romantic and \ndiversified. The walks extend from Chepstow \nCastle to Wynd Cliff. The most picturesque \nscenery may be seen from the points named the \n\n\n\nTINTERN ABBEY. 361 \n\nAlcove, the Platform, the Grotto, the Lovers\' \nLeap, Paradise Seat, Piercewood Top, and the \nDoable View, which is a natural diorama. That \nPiercefield is more frequented by visitors than \neven Stow or Blenheim, is not surprising ; for \nwhile the boast of these princely domains are the \nbeauties of art, Piercefield exhibits in the richest \nabundance the magnificence of nature. \n\nThe view from the summit of Wynd Cliff 14 \nis generally considered to be the most beautiful in \nEngland. From the edge of a rock, nearly a thou- \nsand feet high, the prospect extends into nine \ncounties. The Wye under the feet of the beholder \n\xe2\x80\x94 the Severn beyond it \xe2\x80\x94 the narrow separation for \nseveral miles between the two rivers \xe2\x80\x94 their union \nat the head of the little peninsula of Beachley \xe2\x80\x94 \nthe sea in the distance \xe2\x80\x94 the mountains of Brecon \nand Glamorgan \xe2\x80\x94 the Gloucestershire and Somer- \nsetshire hills \xe2\x80\x94 the Castle and cliffs at Chepstow \xe2\x80\x94 \nthe numerous vessels \xe2\x80\x94 and the rare combination \nof evergreens, rocks, ruins, woods, hills, valleys, \nplains, and water, defy all adequate description, \nexcept perhaps from the magic pen of the author \nof Waverley. This commanding pinnacle of ob- \nservation (which is three miles from Chepstow, \nand two from Tintern Abbey) is daily the source \n\n14 A gun being fired from the summit of this Cliff, the sound \nreverberates from rock to rock, and is carried up and down the \nriver, until by degrees it dies away like distant thunder. \n\n\n\nS62 CHILCOTT\'S CLIFTON GUIDE. \n\nof admiration and delight to numerous visitors, \nwho resort to it from all parts, by the new road \nthrough St. Aryan\'s. Immediately below Wynd \nCliff, at the bottom of the wood, a neat cottage \nhas been erected, the interior of which is entirely \nlined with moss, and furnished in the rustic style. \nHere the weary traveller will find every attention \npaid to his wants and comfort, which it is in the \npower of the humble inmates to give him. \n\nThe interior of Tintern Abbey cannot be seen \non Sundays. The sensations occasioned by a sight \nof the Abbey, are prettily expressed in the follow- \ning lines: \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n" How many hearts have here grown cold, \n\nThat sleep these mouldering stones among ; \nHow many beads have here been told, \nHow many matins here been sung. \n\n" On this rude stone, by time long broke, \nI think I see some pilgrim kneel ; \nI think I see the censer smoke ; \nI think I hear the solemn peal. \n\n" But here no more soft music floats ; \nNo holy anthems chanted now ; \nAll hush\'d, except the ring-dove\'s notes \nLow murmuring from yon beechen bough/ \' \n\nFor a more ample description of these celebrated \nregions of the picturesque, we must refer the reader \nto Archdeacon Coxe, and to the author of " The \nBanks of the Wye." \n\n\n\n363 \n\n\n\nCLEVEDON, \n\nIn Somersetshire^ twelve miles and a half west of \nBristol, is not only celebrated for the fine and ro- \nmantic views which it affords, but for the delightful \nprospects which meet the eye during the whole \nof the coach road thither. It is situated a few miles \nsouth-west of the mouth of the Avon, and has ac- \nquired a considerable degree of importance as a \nwatering place; hotels having been recently erected \nto accommodate its numerous visitors, as well as \ndetached villas and other residences, on the slope \nof the hill, commanding delightful views of the \ncoast, the Steep and Flat Holmes, &c. &c. \n\nAmong the objects of attraction are the ruins of \nWalton Church and Walton Castle. There are also \nmany very pleasant walks in the vicinity. The \nfollowing description of Clevedon Court is extracted \nfrom Chilcott\'s Clevedon Guide : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\n"This ancient mansion is the seat of Sir Charles Abraham \nElton, Bart., beautifully situated on the coast of the Bristol \nChannel, about twelve miles from the city of Bristol. The \nmanor belonged to a family which used the local name from \nthe reign of Henry the Second to that of Edward the Third, and \nthen passed by heiresses, through the names of Hogshaw and \nLovell, to that of Wake. The first of the latter family here \nseated was Sir Thomas Wake, a gentleman of the Privy Chamber \nto King Edward the Fourth. His descendants were afterwards \nbaronets ; and from a junior branch of them sprang William \nWake, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1715-1737. Clevedon \npassed from the Wakes about the reign of Charles the First, to \n\n\n\n364 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nJohn Digby, Earl of Bristol ; and from that family it was pur- \nchased by Sir Abraham Elton, who was created a baronet in \n1717, and who was great great-grandfather to the present pos- \nsessor. \n\n" The county of Somerset abounds with the remains of ancient \ncourt and manor-houses, of which the present is unquestionably \none of the most valuable, exhibiting a noble simplicity and cor- \nrectness of design. It was built during the occupancy of the \nClevedons, in the reign of Edward the Second. Its external \ndesign is remarkable for the breadth and boldness of the porch \nand the long window, between which is the only other window \nby which light is admitted on the south side. The ancient \nchimneys and turreted pinnacles are interesting specimens of \ntheir age. The kitchen was rebuilt in the reign of Elizabeth, \nand possesses considerable merit : its prevailing ornaments are \nimitated from an older style \xe2\x80\x94 an example which was neglected \nby the architect who was afterwards employed on the other \nside of the building ; whilst, as if to prove that taste in archi- \ntecture could sink still lower, the west front was, during the \nlast century, rebuilt in the Chinese Gothic fashion. \n\n" The interior of the hall has been modernised, excepting the \nspace under the gallery ; which, with the arches of entrance, \nretains the original triple doorways leading to the kitchen and \nits offices. On the northern side is the fire-place, with a window \nimmediately above it, now filled with the royal arms of England \nfrom Egbert to George IV. On the western side of the hall is \na carved stone doorway, conducting to the apartments on the \n6ide of the mansion, through a wall of great thickness. \n\n"The ancient portion still exhibits so solid and durable a \ncharacter, that the external alterations which the building \nunderwent in the sixteenth century, must surely be ascribed \nrather to a preference for the style of architecture which belonged \nto the period first named, and which was characterised by broad \nand lofty windows, with many mullions, than to any decay in \nthe strength of the original edifice, or any deficiency in the \ndimensions of its apartments ; and this opinion seems corrobo- \nrated by the fact, that the walls of the principal members were \n\n\n\nCLEVEDON. 305 \n\nnot demolished, but only altered, and perhaps a little heightened \nand the singularly-formed pediments by which they are sur- \nmounted, were made to out-top the roof of the magnificent hall, \nwhose gable was never very prominent above the parapet. A \nfar more sweeping alteration was made on the side of the offices, \nwhich were probably enlarged and extended on all sides, beyond \ntheir ancient limits ; but age has rendered these venerable ; and \ntheir design is so handsome, that they cannot be viewed without \nadmiration. We will not condescend to describe the alterations \n\xc2\xaef still later date on another side of the house. Walpole, who \nviewed with admiration his own architectural productions at \nStrawberry Hill, and those of a kindred genius at Arno\'s Vale, \nnear Bristol, might have applauded the attempt of his contem- \nporary at Clevedon Court.\' \' \n\nThe old village church stands on Clevedon \nPoint, a small distance from the precipitous cliffs. \nIt is a small cruciform building, with a tower in \nthe centre, and quite incapable of accommodating \none third of the present population of Clevedon. \nIn consequence of which a new church has been \nbuilt in a more central situation, for the convenience \nof those residents and visitors who reside in modern \nClevedon, chiefly by the contribution of G. W. \nBraikenridge, Esq., of Broomwell House, Bris- \nlington, whose son is the present incumbent. \n\n\n\nCOTHAM, \n\nSituated between Redland and Kingsdown, is \nabout three quarters of a mile from the Exchange, \nBristol, and contains the residences of many highly \n\n\n\n3(36 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nrespectable families. There is an observatory seventy- \nfeet high, in the grounds near Gotham House, which \ncommands an extensive panoramic view. A new \ndissenting chapel of the Independent denomination \nhas been recently opened here. \n\n\n\nDUNDRY, \n\nFive miles from Bristol and fourteen from Bath, \nfrom its elevated and commanding situation is at \nonce an object of attraction to the artist, the geolo- \ngist, and especially to the admirer of nature, as \naffording on a clear day one of the most enchanting \npanoramic views from its tower in the west of \nEngland. The cities of Bristol and Bath to the \nnorth and east are both in view; the hills about \nCalne and Devizes, seen above the former, bound \nthe prospect. To the right of Bristol are seen the \nhills near Berkeley and Stroud, in Gloucestershire, \nand the view extends to the Malvern summits. \nFrom north to west the Severn, with the Welsh \ncoast and mountains for nearly forty miles in length, \nand the Quantock hills, near Bridgwater, appear to \nview. To the south the eye ranges over a rich \nand beautifully varied country, and sees Stourhead, \nKnoll Hill, and Clay Hill, near Warminster, bounded \nby the high lands in the vicinity of Shaftesbury. \n\nThe tower of Dundry Church is one hundred \nfeet in height, and much resembles the tower of \n\n\n\nTHE HOLMES. 367 \n\nSt. Stephen\'s, Bristol. The architectural character \nof the diminutive church adjoining, is of a \nmuch earlier date. The tower is regarded by \nthe old inhabitants of Bristol as a sort of \nbarometer; for looking at the state of the clouds \nin its vicinity, they generally know what weather \nto expect. In the churchyard is a stone shaft \ntwelve feet high, placed on circular steps, which is \nevidently the remains of an ancient cross. \n\nThe church, which was probably built in the \ntwelfth century, dedicated to St. Michael, consists \nof a nave, south aisle, and chancel. It is particu- \nlarly diminutive in contrast with its lofty and \nwell-built tower, which was built in 1482. The \nliving is annexed to Chew Magna, and is in the \ndeanery of Redcliff and Bedminster. Before the \nporch is a large and massive stone called the " Dole \nStone," so named we believe because the poor were \nanciently paid on it. \n\n\n\nFRENCHAY, Gloucestershire, \nIs four miles north-east of Bristol. Most of the \nhouses are built of freestone, and have a handsome \nappearance. An immense petrifaction, in the form \nof a muscle, weighing two tons, taken from a quarry \nat Downend, is placed at the east end of the common. \n\nTHE HOLMES. \nThe Flat Holme, \xe2\x80\x94 An island in the Bristol \n\n\n\n388 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nChannel, is eight miles distant from the Somer- \nsetshire coast, nearly opposite Weston-Super-Mare. \nIt is a favourite termination to aquatic excursions \nfrom Bristol, and a place of considerable resort \nin the summer. In circumference it is about one \nmile and a half, sixty acres of which comprise a \ndairy farm, the farm house being also an inn, \nand form only one habitation. Upon the most \nelevated part of the island, is a light-house eighty \nfeet in height, with a revolving light, a welcome \nobject to the anxious mariner, when the shades of \nevening gather over his trembling bark. \n\nThere are two graves on the Flat Holme, which, \ncontrary to all received usages of ancient sepulture, \nare dug north and south. These, it is considered \nprobable, are the graves of two of the descendants \nof Tracy, who founded the Abbey of Woodspring \nin expiation for the murder of Thomas a Becket. \nIf the murderers who smote the anointed Primate \nof the Holy Church be here consigned to oblivion, \nperhaps feelings of the direst remorse might have \nactuated them in desiring to be buried contrary to \nthe usual direction of Christian graves. \n\nThe Steep Holme. \xe2\x80\x94 About three miles to the \nsouth of the Flat Holme, is a rock one mile and a \nhalf in circumference, whose summit rises four \nhundred feet above the level of the water. It is \naccessible only from two narrow creeks on the north- \neastern and south-western sides. The soil is barren \n\n\n\nHEXBURY. \n\n\n\n369 \n\n\n\nand unproductive, with one native flower, the \npeony, alone to relieve the sterility of the spot. \nThere is much historical interest attached to this \ndesolate retreat, but the limited pages of a Guide \nforbid our entering upon the subject. \n\n\n\nHENBURY \n\nIs an extensive and very pleasant village, about \nfive miles north of Bristol. It is bounded on the \n\neast by Almondsbury ; on the west by the Avon ; \non the north by the Severn ; and on the south by \nClifton. Many very opulent families reside in this \nvillage. The church and churchyard are remarked \nfor their neat and appropriate arrangements ; in the \nformer are many handsome monuments of the \nSouthwell (the late Lord de Clifford\'s) family, and \nothers ; and in the latter are a great variety of \ntombs and monumental epitaphs. \n\nIn the year 1623, a school was endowed here by \nAnthony Edmonds, for the gratuitous instruction \nof all children residing in the parishes of Henbury, \nWestbury, Horfield, Redwick, Northwick, and \nAust. The old school house being found inconve- \nnient and out of repair, a new one has been erected \nnear the church, by the present trustees. \n2b \n\n\n\n370 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nILFRACOMBE \n\n(A direct communication with which is now opened \nby means of the steam vessels) is delightfully situ- \nated on the north coast of Devon, near the mouth \nof the Bristol Channel. Within the pier, which \nprojects into the sea, is a large commodious basin, \nwhere ships of any burthen may enter, tide permit- \nting, and rest with perfect security in the most \nviolent storms. There are public baths erected \nhere for the convenience of hot and cold sea-water \nbathing. Outside the pier are several creeks, \nwhere there also are many bathing machines. The \nharbour forms a semi-circle, surrounded with hills, \nfrom the summits of which are many delightful \nviews to the east and west ; and in a clear day, the \ncoast of Wales, with the island of Lundy, may be \ndistinctly seen. \n\nThe entrance into the harbour is particularly \npicturesque and romantic, the stupendous rocks, by \nwhich it is sheltered and enclosed, impressing the \nmind with a feeling of grandeur and sublimity, \nmore especially when the waters are lashed into \nfury and the tempest broods darkly over the hills, \nthe scene is most awful and effective. \n\nOne street, about a mile in length, constitutes the \ntown ; at the upper end of which is the church. \n\nThere is a public market here once a week, and \nprovisions are plentiful and cheap, especially fish. \n\n\n\nKEYNSHAM. 371 \n\nThe Britannia Hotel has very good accommo- \ndations, and the lodging houses are numerous and \nlet at reasonable prices, \n\nA handsome new building, consisting of a spa- \ncious assembly room, a news room, and a billiard \nand card room, was opened on the day of the coro- \nnation of George IV. \n\nThe country in the neighbourhood of Ilfracombe, \nthough very hilly, is very pleasant, particularly \ntowards the east. Watermouth, about three miles \nfrom Ilfracombe, is the seat of D. Basset, Esq. ; \ngenerally visited by strangers. At Combe Martin \nare the remains of some mines, from which silver \nwas extracted in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. \n\nAt Barry cane the scenery is bold and singularly \nstriking; but the chief attraction here are the shells \nto be met with. From Ilfracombe to Barnstaple is \na delightful ride of nine miles distance. \n\n\n\nKEYNSHAM, \n\nA market town, about five miles from Bristol, on \nthe line of the Great Western Railway towards \nBath, was once noted for its abbey, and also for its \nbeing the principal seat of the Cangi. It chiefly \nconsists of one street of low houses, which is almost \na mile in length. Here woad is cultivated, which \nis used in dying blue. Very fine specimens of tr^e \ncornu ammoni are found in the quarries here ; they \n\n\n\n372 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nare vulgarly said to have been serpents changed \ninto stone by Keina, a British virgin saint, from \nwhom the town is named. \n\nA priory was founded here by William Earl of \nGloucester, in the year 1164, which was surren- \ndered to the crown in 1539, from which period it \ngradually fell to decay, and in 1776 finally dis- \nappeared. \n\nThe church, a large and spacious edifice, was \nappropriated to the abbey, and is first referred to \nas early as 1292. It was much damaged in 1632, \nduring a violent tempest, which threw down the \nsteeple of the tower and crushed the principal \nparts of the fabric. Its most interesting features \nare the monuments in the chancel, where is a \nponderous and massy altar tomb, upon which \nreclines the armoured effigy of Henry Bridges, \nEsq., who died in 1586, and on the opposite side \nis a splendid mural memorial, with the kneeling \neffigy of Sir Thomas Bridges, attired in the full \ncostume of the court of Charles II. \n\n\n\nKING\'S WESTON, \n\nThe residence of P. W. S. Miles, Esq., M. P., is \nabout four miles from Clifton, and an object of attrac- \ntion to all visitors. No one ever regretted the time \n\n\n\nking\'s WESTON. 373 \n\nand labour spent in arriving at the prospect this \nneighbourhood affords ; or having seen it, failed to \nbestow on it unqualified admiration. The house \noriginally belonged to the Southwell family, and \nwas built by Sir John Vanburgh, somewhat in \nhis usual style, but its situation imparts to it a \nmore noble and imposing effect than generally \nbelong to the designs of this architect. \n\nMr. Seyer observes, " This narrow ridge (King\'s \nWeston Hill), about a mile in length, \xe2\x80\x94 covered \nwith the finest turf, having on one side the view of \nthe Severn and its shore, for twenty or thirty \nmiles upwards, bounded by the high lands of \nMonmouthshire, and Wales; and on the other \nside a prospect of the whole vale of Gloucester, \noverlooked by the Cotswold Hills ; \xe2\x80\x94 will scarcely \nyield on comparison with any situation in the \nkingdom." \n\nTo the west of King\'s Weston is a hill called \nPenpold, from which are some beautiful prospects. \nYou look down on Kingroad, where wind-bound \nships lie at anchor, and upon that magnificent sheet \nof water where the Avon forms a junction with \nthe Severn, dividing the English from the Welsh \ncoast, and forming the Bristol Channel. The blue \nhills of Glamorganshire and Monmouthshire in the \nback ground, complete the picturesque and varied \neffect of the whole. \n\n\n\n374 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nLAMPLIGHTERS. \n\nAbout a mile from Shirehampton, on the bank \nof the river, situated close to high water mark, is \na good inn called Lamplighters\' Hall, once a place \nof considerable resort during the summer months, \nto witness the busy scene at the mouth of the \nAvon. It was built by a Mr. Toy, a contractor \nfor lighting half the parishes in Bristol. The \nworthy distributor of oil and cotton-wick, \xe2\x80\x94 for in \nhis days gas was unknown, \xe2\x80\x94 intended the hall for \nhis country residence, having constantly before \nhim the romantic and picturesque village of Pill, \nbut he grew tired of the smell of the brackish \nwater, and the villa became an inn. Philip Weeks, \nnephew to " Jack," of patriotic and Bush-keeping \ncelebrity, was "mine host" at Lamplighters for \nmany years. It was here William III. landed, \nupon his return from Ireland, after the battle of \nthe Boyne. \n\nOpposite Lamplighters is the little port of Pill, \nwhere is a custom house, at which all vessels \nleaving the port of Bristol are obliged to take \ntheir last clearance, and from which they are sup- \nplied with pilots. \n\n\n\nLEIGH COURT. \n\nThis princely establishment is the residence of \n\n\n\nLEIGH COURT. 375 \n\nW. Miles, Esq., M. P., erected at a cost unlimited, \nby his late father. Whether we regard the sub- \nstantial and elegant exterior, or the highly finish- \ned and classical decorations of the interior, the \nliberality and fine taste of the late worthy possessor \nare apparent. The south is the principal entrance. \nIt is an Ionic portico, supported by four massive \ncolumns; there is a similar portico on the north \nside, and also a piazza to the east. The great hall \npossesses singular architectural beauties. A double \nflight of steps, leads to a peristyle of the Ionic \norder, around which are twenty appropriate marble \ncolumns, supporting a lofty dome, lighted by painted \nglass. The floor is of chequered marble, on which \nare four magnificent vases from Wanstead House. \nIndeed "Wanstead House and Fonthill Abbey have \ncontributed their choicest specimens of art to enrich \nthis splendid mansion; and its picture gallery is \nthe boast of the West of England : few collections \nin the kingdom can compete with this for rarity \nand value. \n\nA catalogue of this superb collection, accom- \npanied with etchings, was published by the late \nMr. Young, engraver, and keeper of the British \nInstitution ; from whose prefatory observations we \nextract the following : \n\n"Among the highly meritorious individuals, who \nhave enriched the country with works of ancient \nart, we are in an eminent degree indebted to the \n\n\n\n376 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nlate R. H. Davis, Esq., for many years one of the \nmost attentive and efficient members of Parliament \nthat ever represented Bristol ; by whom this collec- \ntion was principally formed, and whose refined \ntaste led him to select the finest specimens of the \nItalian school, brought hither during the late \nperiod of revolutionary spoliation. When these \npictures had been for some years in the possession \nof Mr. Davis, his friend Mr. Miles, being desirous \nof adorning his noble mansion at Leigh Court with \na splendid gallery of paintings, contracted with \nhim for the purchase of the whole : and, actuated \nby the ardent spirit of his predecessor, he has \nadded very many fine pictures from various collec- \ntions, and especially from that of the late Henry \nHope, Esq. Every facility of introduction is \nafforded by the liberal proprietor to those whose \ntaste induces them to visit Leigh Court ; and many \nof the finest pictures in this collection have, at \ndifferent times, appeared in the exhibitions at the \nBritish Institution, Pall Mall." \n\nThis collection comprises the following inesti- \nmable pieces ; viz. in \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nTHE BILLIARD ROOM. \n\n\n\nConversion of St. Paul \n\n\n... Rubens, \n\n\nHoly Family \n\n\n... Carlo Maratti. \n\n\nThe Graces \n\n\nTitian. \n\n\nVirgin and the Infant Christ \n\n\n... Sassa Ferrato. \n\n\nWilliam Tell \n\n\n. . . Holbein. \n\n\n\nLEIGH COURT. \n\n\n\n377 \n\n\n\nTHE MUSIC ROOM. \n\nThe Cascatelle of Tivoli Gaspar Poussin . \n\nThe Companion Ditto. \n\nPope Julius II Raphael. \n\nHead of the Virgin Correggio. \n\nChrist entering Jerusalem Paolo Veronese. \n\nThe Vision of St. Jerome Parmigiano. \n\nEcce Homo ... ... ... ... ... Carlo Dolce. \n\nThe Virgin and Child Caracci. \n\nThe Adoration of St. Bernard Mengs. \n\nJoseph and the Angel ... ... ... Guercino. \n\nSt. John ... ... ... ... ... Lionardo da Vinci. \n\nThe Wise Men\'s Offering ... ... ... Giovanni Bellini. \n\nSt. Peter Guido. \n\nThe Virgin and Child ... ... ... Vandyke. \n\nThe Entombment ... ... ... ... Caracci. \n\nA Landscape Gaspar Poussin. \n\nGrace triumphing over Sin ... ... Parmigiano. \n\nHead of St. John Baptist ... Murillo. \n\nA Sea Port Claude. \n\nA Fog ... ... ... ... ... Vernet. \n\nThe Virgin, with the Infant Jesus ... Raphael. \n\nTHE LIBRARY* \n\nSt. John writing the Revelation Murillo. \n\nSt. John ... ... ... ... ... Correggio. \n\nTHE SALOON.f \n\nThe Landing of iEneasJ Claude. \n\nThe Sacrifice of Apollo J Ditto. \n\n\xe2\x80\xa2 At one end of this room is a carious pedestal clock, once in the posses- \nsion of Napoleon Buonaparte ; and at the other is a well-executed bust of \nthe late Mr. Miles, by Chantry. The two marbled mantle-pieces are particu- \nlarly fine, and the ceiling is richly finished. \n\nt In this apartment are two handsome china vases, and a circular slab of \nverde antique, mounted on gilt dolphins, from Fonthill. \n\n% From the Altieri Palace. The history and escapes of these paintings \nfrom the grasp of the French authorities abroad, and subsequently from the \ncustom-house officers at home, are not a little singular. It is said that Mr. \nDavis paid Mr. Beckford \xc2\xa312,000 for them. \n\n\n\n378 \n\n\n\nCHILCOTT S CLIFTON GUIDE. \n\n\n\nHoly Family \n\n\n... Rubens. \n\n\nWoman taken in Adultery \n\n\n... Ditto. \n\n\n"Venus and Adonis \n\n\nTitian. \n\n\nSt. John \n\n\n. . . Domenichino. \n\n\nTHE DRAWING \n\n\nROOM. \n\n\n"Virgin with the Infant Jesus ... \n\n\n... Raphael. \n\n\nCreator Mundi \n\n\n... Lionardo da Vinci, \n\n\nThe Procession of Chaucer\'s Pilgrims to \n\n\nCanterbury \n\n\n... Stothard. \n\n\nMagdalene ... \n\n\nGuercino. \n\n\nLandscape \n\n\n... Salvator Rosa. \n\n\nChrist bearing his Cross \n\n\n. . . Raphael. \n\n\nVirgin and Child \n\n\n. . . Bartolomeo. \n\n\nPassing the Ford ... \n\n\n... Claude. \n\n\nChrist preaching in the Temple ... \n\n\nCompano. \n\n\nCleopatra \n\n\nGuido. \n\n\nPortrait of Philip IV. of Spain ... \n\n\nVelasquez. \n\n\nThe Crucifixion \n\n\n... Michael Angelo. \n\n\nThe Water Doctor \n\n\n. . . Gerhard Douw. \n\n\nVirgin and Child . . \n\n\n... Murillo. \n\n\nThe Death of St. Francis \n\n\n... Correggio. \n\n\nDitto \n\n\n. . . Caracci, after ditto* \n\n\nCows \n\n\n... P. Potter. \n\n\nTHE DINING ROOM. \n\n\nThe Virgin in Adoration \n\n\nVelasquez. \n\n\nSt. John \n\n\nCaracci. \n\n\nVirgin and Child \n\n\n... Andre del Sarto. \n\n\nA Storm ; the Calling of Abraham \n\n\nGaspar Poussin . \n\n\nThe Martyrdom of St. Andrew ... \n\n\n... Murillo. \n\n\nThe Flight into Egypt \n\n\n... Ditto. \n\n\nFigure of Music \n\n\n, . . Romanelli. \n\n\nA Nymph Sleeping \n\n\n... Domenichino. \n\n\nA Jew Rabbi \n\n\n... Rembrant. \n\n\nA Landscape \n\n\n... Salvator Rosa. \n\n\nA Sea Port \n\n\n. . . Claude. \n\n\n\nNEWPORT. 379 \n\nDiana and Actseon ... Annibal Caracci. \n\nSusanna and the Elders Guido Cagnacci. \n\nThe Plague of Athens ... ... ... Nichola Poussin. \n\nMr. Miles, with true liberality, affords the public \nopportunities for viewing this inval uable assemblage \nof the choicest productions of the most celebrated \nmasters; and surely no one, whom business or \npleasure brings to this neighbourhood, will fail to \nembrace such an advantage. \n\nTo obtain permission to visit Leigh Court, it is \nnecessary to address a note to Mr. Miles, at the \nCounting House, 61, Queen Square, on the Mon- \nday previous to the Thursday (the day on which \nthe Paintings are viewed,) requesting an order for \nthe applicant and three friends, which will be de- \nlivered on being applied for at the Counting House, \non the following Wednesday. [From April to \nJuly the house is closed] \n\n\n\nNEWPORT, Monmouthshire, \n\nSixteen miles from Chepstow, is daily frequented \n\nby steam vessels from Bristol. This place arose \n\nout of the ruins of Caerleon. 15 The castle stands \n\n15 According to some accounts, such was the extent of Caer- \nleon in the days of its grandeur, that it covered a tract of coun- \ntry nine miles in circumference. Its splendid palaces, its stately \nedifices, and gilded roofs, might, according to Giraldus Cam- \nbrensis, have vied with those of Rome itself. The baths, its \naqueducts, its stoves, and other proofs of ancient grandeur, \nwere even in his time displayed in their ruins. Many coins \nhave supplied the cabinet of the curious from this spot. \n\n\n\n380 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\non the western bank of the river Usk, at a little \ndistance from the bridge : it was apparently erected \nfor the defence of the passage over the river, to- \nwards which it has three strong towers. It was \nbuilt with small rubble stone, but quoined with \nsquare ones ; and has Gothic windows, elegantly- \ndecorated. Near the castle was a Roman military \nway, called Julia Strata; and there is a ford in \nthe stream, called Nant Hentham, where, it is \nreported, King Henry II. had his freckled face \nbenefited; for Merlin Sylvester, the prophet of \nWales, had predicted that the Welsh should be \nconquered by a prince of such a complexion, who \nshould pass that ford. \n\nThe church is built on an eminence, and com- \nmands a fine prospect. On the right from New- \nport is a turnpike road to Pontypool, and on the \nleft to Cardiff. \n\nThe commerce and population of Newport are \ngreatly increased of late years. As a seaport it \nis safe. Its chief trade is in iron and coal. The \nMonmouthshire Canal communicates here by a ba- \nsin with the Usk river, and by that means with the \nBristol Channel: and as the Monmouthshire Canal \nagain communicates with the Brecon Canal, and \nthe Avon, Ebwy, and other railroads, Newport \nbecomes the grand depot for the heavier articles of \ntrade of that part of the interior of South Wales. \nA commodious dock for vessels is now formed here. \n\n\n\n381 \n\n\n\nTHE NEW PASSAGE \n\nIs nine miles from Bristol. A regular communica- \ntion is kept up with the opposite side daily : the \ndistance across is three miles. \n\nThe title of Netc Passage arose from its renewal, \nin 1713, after its abolition in consequence of the \nfollowing incident : King Charles I. being pursued \nby a strong party of his enemies through Shire- \nNewton, got into a boat at the Black Rock, (New \nPassage) and was ferried to the opposite shore. \nHis pursuers, to the number of sixty, with drawn \nswords, compelled other boatmen to ferry them \nafter him ; but these being in the king\'s interest, \nlanded them on a reef of rocks, called the English \nStones, near the Gloucestershire coast, where they \nwere instructed to ford, \xe2\x80\x94 indeed the strait was \nfordable at low water \xe2\x80\x94 but the tide flowing in \nvery rapidly, they were all drowned in the attempt, \nand the king for that time escaped. Cromwell, \nbeing informed of the transaction, abolished the \nferry ; nor was it renewed until after a long chan- \ncery suit between an ancestor of the present pro- \nprietor, and the guardians of his Grace the Duke \nof Beaufort. \n\n\n\nTHE OLD, OR AUST PASSAGE, \n\nIs eleven miles from Bristol. A steamer crosses the \nSevern from thence to Beachly, on the opposite \n\n\n\nOOZ CHILCOTT S CLIFTON GUIDE. \n\nside : and to accommodate passengers in every state \nof the tide, piers are erected. The passage is two \nmiles wide at high water. \n\nKing Edward III. presented Wickliffe with the \nprebend of Aust, in the collegiate church at West- \nbury -upon-Trym. John Purney, one of the most \nactive of the Lollard preachers, was his curate or \nassistant, and often preached in Bristol. \n\n\n\nPORTSHEAD, \n\nOk the head of the port, vulgo Possut, is pleasantly \nsituated on the south side of a high ridge of hills, \nfinely wooded, which rise immediately from the \nskirts of the Channel, and defend it from the strong \nwesterly winds. The shore is very rocky, and in \nsome places rises to sixty feet in perpendicular \nheight. These rocks are composed of a kind of \ngrit stone ; in which is some gypsum ; and on them \ngrow vast quantities of kelp-weed. Flat fish and \nshrimps are caught on the beach. \n\nIn the last century a fort was erected here, which \ncommanded this part of the Channel ; but it has \nsince been demolished, and the foundation of the \nwalls alone on which the fort stood remains. \n\nA very handsome Hotel, together with Marine \nBaths and Reading Rooms, as well as numerous \nhouses, have been erected in this much frequented \nand very agreeable watering place. \n\n\n\nREDLAND. \n\nThe church is a good building, with a lofty and \nbeautiful tower. The living is a rectory, in the \ndeanery of RedclifF and Bedminster, and is in the \ngift of James Adam Gordon, Esq., who has here \nvery valuable estates. \n\nA spring, called Welly Spring, rises on Welly \nHill, about a mile from the church, and running \nin a small brook through the village, falls thence \ninto the main channel of the water mill. \n\nPortbury Pier and Railroad. \xe2\x80\x94 It is in con- \ntemplation to make a railroad from the Exeter line \nat Bedminster to Portshead, and to have a pier \nat the latter place in connexion with it, for the \ntransmission of goods and passengers from vessels \narriving at Portshead and Bristol at all states of \nthe tide. A stationary engine will be placed on \nthe Leigh side of the Clifton suspension bridge, \nfor the purpose of drawing up the carriages on an \ninclined plane. It is also contemplated to finish \nthe suspension bridge, and thus to connect Clifton \nwith the advantages of a railroad to Portshead. \n\n\n\nREDLAND \n\nIs one mile and a half from Bristol, and contains \nmany noble houses. The chapel is small and neat; \nit was built and endowed for the convenience of \n\n\n\n384 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nthe inhabitants, in 1743, by Mr. Cossins, 16 whose \nbust is on one side of the entrance, and his wife\'s \non the other, executed in marble by Hysbrack. \nThe altar-piece is half an octagon, wainscoted \ninto compartments, highly finished, with carvings \nof trophies and festoons, and ornamented with an \nexcellent painting of the embalming of Christ, by \nVanderbrank. The cupola or dome contains one \nbell, which has the following inscription : \xe2\x80\x94 " John \nCossins, Esq., sole benefactor to this chappel and \nbell. \xe2\x80\x94 W. E. 1742." Divine service is performed \nhere twice every Sunday. \n\nRedland Court House was originally erected, \nand the grounds laid out, between the years 1730 \nand 40, at the expense of Mr. Cossins, a retired \nmerchant of London. This property afterwards \npassed from him to Mr. Innes, from whom it was \ninherited by the family of Baker. On Mr. Baker\'s \ndecease, it was sold to Mr. Seymour, from whom \nit was purchased by the late Sir Richard Vaughan. \nIt is now occupied by Mr. Edwards, Banker. \n\nlt) He appears, by the following inscription on a monumental \ntablet in the vestry room, to have been buried within the chapel \nwhich he founded : \xe2\x80\x94 " In the vault under the communion \ntable are deposited the remains of John Cossins, of Redland \nCourt, Esq., founder of this chapel, who died April 19, mdcclix. \naged 77 years. \n\n\n\n385 \n\n\n\nSHIREHAMPTON. \n\nThe retired village of Shirehampton is below \nthe hill of King\'s Weston, sheltered from the \nnorth-east and east winds, which renders it a \ndesirable winter situation. It is composed of some \nelegant villas ; and its cottages, which have a pretty \nneatness and quietude, are mostly surrounded with \ngood gardens and orchards. Being but a pleasant \nwalk over Durdham Down and through some fields \nfrom Bristol, combined with the beauty of its \nscenery, renders it much frequented in the summer. \nIts church is simple and unpretending ; and recently \nerected in the churchyard is a monument to the \ncelebrated Captain Shaw, known in the locality as \n"the bold privateer." \n\n\n\nSTANTON DREW, \n\nIn Somersetshire, is about seven miles south of \nBristol. " Its name," says Mr. Seyer, " sufficiently \nshews that it was the Stone Town of the Druids. \nIt contains three circles of stones, (besides some \nother stones contiguous to them) which are com- \nmonly called the wedding ; a name originating, \nno doubt, in a silly story that the whole company \nat a wedding were suddenly turned into stones." \n" Here stood the bride and bridegroom, here the \nfiddler, here a set of dancers," &c. \n2 c \n\n\n\n386 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\n" The largest and smallest circles are both situ- \nated in a field called Stone Close. The great circle \nis three hundred and forty-two feet in diameter, \nwithin which are only five stones now actually \nstanding in their places ; consequently their first \nappearance is not particularly imposing : from the \nvery irregular distance of the remainder, it is im- \npossible to say how many they originally were in \nnumber. \n\n" Eastward from the great circle is the circle of \neight, the circumference of which is about one hun- \ndred and fifty feet distant from that of the other. \nThe diameter is about ninety-six feet : it consists of \neight very large stones, four of them erect, and the \nothers high above the ground. The workmanship \nof them is far superior to that of the other circles; \xe2\x80\x94 \ntheir appearance is therefore very striking. \n\n" Next is the south-west circle, called by Dr. \nStukeley the Lunar Temple, the centre of which is \ndistant from the centre of the great circle seven \nhundred and fourteen feet. The diameter is about \none hundred and forty feet. It is situate partly in \na field, and partly in an orchard, and consists of \neleven or twelve stones. \n\n"North-west from the last circle, about one \nhundred yards distant, is a Cove, ten feet wide \nand eight feet deep, formed of three large flat \nstones, eighteen inches thick. North or north-west \nfrom this cove are two large stones, lying flat in a \n\n\n\nSTAPLETON. 387 \n\nfield called Lower Tyning ; and lastly, north-east \nfrom the great circle, beyond the brook adjoining \nthe road, is a very large stone, called HackelVs \nQuoit." \xe2\x80\x94 Seyer^s Bristol, 8fc. \n\nWe have been more particular in describing \nthese relics of antiquity, (which form a sort of \nminiature Stonehenge) from the attention paid to \nthem by visitors. We believe, however, that an- \ntiquarian research has been unable to determine \nwhen or by whom these and other druidical re- \nmains were first formed. \n\nThough some of these stones are of the quality \ncalled the red sand-stone, and others of breccia, yet \nthe greater part of them are magnesian limestone, \nwhich perhaps may account for the depredations \nmade upon them for mending the roads. \n\n\n\nSTAPLETON \n\nIs a very neat and clean village, two miles north \nfrom Bristol, containing a Palace for the Bishop of \nGloucester and Bristol, and in its immediate neigh- \nbourhood are the residences of many highly re- \nspectable inhabitants. The church is small, with \na low tower at the west end, adorned with pin- \nnacles, it is situated in the centre of the village, \nand has a pleasing and purely English effect. There \nare several inscriptions in the chancel to the memory \nof the Walter family. \n\n\n\n388 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nThe river Froom runs through this parish, re- \nmarkable for its rich variety of wooded banks, \nquaintly fringed with watery foliage, and its surface \ntinged with reflected verdure, affording some of \nthe most beautiful and sequestered bits of home \nscenery it is possible to conceive. \n\nAt irregular intervals the rough machinery of an \nold mill, and rustic bridges, and lowly homesteads, \nwill break upon the eye \xe2\x80\x94 scenes farthest removed \nfrom the noise and strife of city life. The artist and \nthe hunter of the picturesque often avail themselves \nof the tranquil beauties nature has scattered so \nprofusely on this part of the banks of the Froom ; \nand the woods, known as the " Duchess\'s," are \nalso favourite walks ; the view from the summit of \nthe hill is commanding and extensive. Stoke \nHouse, to which they belong, is near this village: \nit was once the residence of a former Dowager \nDuchess of Beaufort, and we believe still the \nproperty of the present Duke. \n\n\n\nSTOKE BISHOP. \n\nAbout two miles distant, on the road to King\'s \n"Weston, is Stoke House, \xe2\x80\x94 a fine old mansion. \nThis part of the road was originally a Roman \npathway. As the labourers here were removing \nthe soil to dig for stones, they found some very \n\n\n\nSWANSEA. 389 \n\nlarge grinders, or jaw teeth, weighing several \npounds each ; also some large bones, supposed to \nbe the remains of an elephant. \n\nNear Stoke House may be seen four druidical \nstones, in a field close by the road side. The largest \nis ten feet and a half in length, by five feet and a \nhalf in width, and two feet and a half in thickness. \nIt has the appearance of an altar-stone, from its \nreclining posture : but it has subsequently been \nthrown down on one of the smaller ones, which \nis the cause of its not lying flat. \n\n\n\nSTOWEY, \n\nIn Somersetshire, about nine miles south of Bristol, \nis remarkable for a petrifying spring that rises in \nthe parish. \n\n\n\nSWANSEA \n\nIs situated on the southern coast of Wales, in \nGlamorganshire, and is much frequented for sea- \nbathing. Steam vessels from Bristol arrive daily, \nand return to that city as often from thence. It is a \npleasant watering place, standing in the centre of a \nbeautiful bay, on an angle between two hills, which \nshelter it from the cold winds, and allow it an \nopening to the south. Being built on a semi- \ncircular rising bank, near the mouth of the river \n\n\n\n390 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nTawe, the town has a handsome appearance from \nthe road approaching it: a fine bird\'s-eye view \nmay be obtained from Kilvey Hill, whence the \nwhole town is brought into a distinct and beautiful \nperspective, forming an irregular oblong, nearly \na mile and a half in length, charmingly intersected \nby the meanders of the river, and varied with the \nshipping and small craft that frequent the harbour. \nSwansea is two hundred and five miles from \nLondon. Its population was, by the last census, \n16,787. It has a considerable trade with Cuba, \n&c, for copper ore, as also some trade to the \nBaltic; and exports annually more than 100,000 \nchaldrons of coals. There are very extensive \ncopper works and potteries in the immediate \nneighbourhood. \n\n\n\nTENBY, Pembrokeshire. \n\nAs a summer resort Tenby has long been deser- \nvedly celebrated, and its facility of access by means \nof the steam packets which ply regularly between \nit and Bristol, renders it more immediately visited \nfrom this city and neighbourhood. United to \npeculiar advantages as a bathing place, it possesses \ngreat attractions for the lover of the romantic and \npicturesque, in the wild grandeur of its coast \nscenery. The antiquary also will find abundant \nmaterials for investigation in the ruins of its \n\n\n\nTENBY. 391 \n\nnumerous and extensive fortifications, and in the \nsurrounding desolated mansions, chapels, and \ncastles, the legible characters which mark the past \nimportance of the locality, and its decline from \nthe state of prosperity in which it flourished during \nthe mediavel ages. \n\nThe origin of Tenby is involved, like many \nother of the Welsh towns, in great obscurity, but \nit is supposed to be one of the most ancient places \nin the Principality. It is noticed as a place of some \nmilitary consequence in the reign of Elizabeth, \nbut its importance ceased with the civil wars, and \nits commercial prosperity, with that of the county, \nsuffered from this period a rapid declension. For \nmany years afterwards Tenby continued poor \nand insignificant, principally dependant upon its \nfisheries, from the profits of which the pier and \npart of the town are said to be built. The fisheries, \nonce a source of great emolument, have since \nbecome inconsiderable and passed into the hands \nof strangers, traditionally attributed as a punish- \nment for some crime committed by the inhabitants ; \nhowever that may be, it is certain that the quantity \nof fish caught near the coast was immense, and \nhence the name Tenby-y-Piscoid. Tenby thus \nremained in comparative obscurity till about fifty \nyears since, when its obvious advantages as a bath- \ning place, the peculiar transparency of its waters, \nand its salubrious and romantic site, attracted \n\n\n\n392 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nthe attention of families of rank and respectability, \nto whom it is now become a place of favourite \nresort. \n\nIt is seated on the western edge of the fine \nbay of Caermarthen, with a harbour capable of \nsheltering vessels of three hundred tons burthen. \nIt is at once remarkable for the picturesque charms \nof its situation, the romantic wildness of its rocks, \nand the excellent condition of its extensive sands. \nThe pretty isle of St. Catherine, which may be \napproached at low water, and the various prospects \nto be seen from the promontory, which extends \nnearly half a mile into the sea, contribute to \nrender this a favourite spot to every admirer of the \nsublimities of nature. \n\nNear this is Caldy island, on which a lighthouse \nis erected. Parties visiting this island are allowed \nto ramble over its length and breadth by the worthy \nand obliging resident proprietor. \n\nTenby church, one of the largest and finest in \nWales, is situated about the centre of the town, \nand from its great elevation, with its stately tower \nand tall tapering spire, is a land mark to the far \noff mariner. Its primeval foundation must have \nbeen of great antiquity, if we may judge from a \nfew scattered vestiges, but the alterations, renova- \ntions, and additions of successive generations, have \nleft but little of the original character of its archi- \ntecture. \n\n\n\nTHORNBURY. 393 \n\nTenby is greatly indebted to Sir W. Paxton, for \nthe erection of hot and cold sea-water baths ; also \nto his exertions in procuring for the town a great \nsupply of pure fresh water. \n\nThe rides and walks in the vicinity are numerous \nand beautiful. \n\nAmong other monuments is one to Wm. Eison, \nwith the following inscription : \xe2\x80\x94 \n\nTwo hundred Pounds, The use of one on cloth \nAnd 50 more, And coles bestowe \n\nHe gave this towne For twelve decrepid mean \nTo help the poore. And lowe. \n\nLet 50 pounds to five \n\nBe yearly lent ; \nThe other\'s use on Burges 3 \n\nSonnes be spent. \n\n\n\nTHOENBUEY \n\n\' Is a market town in Gloucestershire, eleven miles \nnorth-east from Bristol. \n\nThe origin of this place must be very remote, \nsince it was the gift of William I. to the famous \nFitzhaymon. The church is spacious, and built in \nthe form of a cathedral, with a high and beautiful \ntower. Here is a free-school, and four almshouses ; \nbut what chiefly claims attention in Thornbury is \nits Castle, which was begun by Edward, duke of \n\n\n\n394 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nBuckingham. This nobleman, however, did not \nlive to complete it, nor the canal he had projected \nto communicate with the Severn ; being attainted \nand put to death in the thirteenth year of Henry \nVIII. The beautiful arched gateway, which is the \nprincipal entrance into the castle, remains entire, \nand is greatly admired for the excellency of its \nworkmanship. There is a remarkably repeating \necho in the courtyard of this castle. \n\nThe well-known anecdote of Buckingham\'s \nthrowing the water from the king\'s ewer into \nCardinal Wolsey\'s shoes comes in point here \xe2\x80\x94 \nthat trifling circumstance is said to have been the \norigin of his misfortunes. \n\n\n\nWESTBURY-UPON-TRYM \n\nIs four miles from Bristol; has a very fine old \nchurch, containing three aisles, cathedral-fashioned. \nHere Canynges\' deanery once stood; it is said that \nparts of that building are now in existence, incor- \nporated with modern work, forming a gentleman\'s \nseat near the church. The Methodists have a chapel \nhere; and a Baptist chapel has also been recently \nerected. The houses in this village are very neat. \n\n\n\nWESTON-SUPER-MARE \n\nIs situated on the banks of the Bristol Channel ; \nits distance from Bristol is about seventeen miles \n\n\n\n\n\n\nWESTON-SUPER-MAKB. 395 \n\nby rail-road ; from Bridgwater and Wells, twenty \nmiles ; and from Bath about thirty. \n\nAn act of parliament has been obtained for \nerecting a pier of solid masonry , commencing from \nthe junction of Knightstone road, to the isle of \nBearnbeck, and extending into the channel at \ndead low water; the whole being little short of \na mile in length, and of the width of thirty feet \nthroughout. \n\nIt was formerly an unimportant village, chiefly \noccupied by fishermen; but the purity of its air, its \nretired situation, its smooth and extensive sand \nbeach, its contiguity to Bath and Bristol, have com- \nbined to raise it to the rank of a fashionable water- \ning place, as well as a quiet retreat to the invalid. \nIt is situated in a valley, sheltered by hills, except \non the west, where it is open to the sea. On a \nsummer evening, when the tide is in, nothing can \nsurpass the beauty of the surrounding scenery; \nthe numerous groups walking on the sandy beach, \nwhich is upwards of two miles in length ; the ample \nsweep of its capacious bay; the distant coast of \nWales, with a view of the vessels "warping on \ntheir way" to and from Bristol; the Steep and \nFlat Holmes appearing, as it were, to float upon \nthe surface of the water ; and the reflecting rays \nof the declining sun on the ever-restless waves, \xe2\x80\x94 \nproduce those cheering feelings which experience \nonly can appreciate. \n\n\n\n396 chilcott\'s clifton guide. \n\nWICK, or ABSTON and WICK, \nIs in Gloucestershire, about seven miles and a half \nfrom Bristol; and is resorted to on account of the \nresemblance it bears to the Hotwells, though on a \nsmaller scale. Precipitous rocks arrange themselves \non each side of the little \'river Boyd, in a very \nromantic manner. Many varieties of spars, fossils, \n&c, are peculiar to this spot. \n\n\n\nWRINGTON, Somerset, \n\nIs about ten miles from Bristol. Zinc (commonly \ncalled spelter) is found in great quantities in this \nneighbourhood. \n\nThe celebrated John Locke was born in this \nvillage ,- and near it is Barley Wood, some time \nthe residence of the late venerated Mrs. Hannah \nMore, who was buried in the church, and to \nwhose memory a handsome monument has been \nerected. \n\nA new church has been built at Redhill, in \nthis parish, and was opened and consecrated for \ndivine worship on the last day of January, 1844. \n\n\n\nJ. Chilcott, Printer, Bristol. \n\n\n\n"\xc2\xbb*>\xc2\xbb\xc2\xbb \n\n\n\n%^ V ,. ^ <\xe2\x96\xa0 " , % \n\n\n\nc 6, "<: \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n^ <3ft \n\n\n\n\n\'*W -* \n\n\n\n^ < \n\n\n\n^o, \n\n\n\n^ \n\n\n\na0 v \n\n\n\nv * \xc2\xb0 \'\xe2\x96\xa0 ^b V * * * \xc2\xb0 /\xe2\x80\xa2 ^ \\> \n\n\n\n\xe2\x96\xa0 \n\n\n\n^ 4 \n\n\n\n4 :\\ \n\n\n\n9? * \n\n\n\nv N \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n: /!-.;% /, % \' \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<cF \n\n\n\n^ \n\n\'/ \n\n\n\n\n\n\n. % \n\n\n\na \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\xc2\xa3 ^ \n\n\n\n\n\n\no\xc2\xb0 \xe2\x96\xa0 . \n\n\n\njo. \n\n\n\n\n\n\n^o v \n\n\n\n^\xc2\xb0 *%. o* * > \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n^\'^^\\/ \n\n\n\n\\4? \n\n\n\n\n\\ \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nc3 ^ \n\n\n\n\n\n\nV ^ \n\n\n\n\n\n\nlK \n\n\n\n^ ^ \n\n\n\n\n- ^ \n\n" ^c\xc2\xa3 \n\n\n\n\n\n\ns> %. -. \n\n\n\n\n; ;,\\ <*\xe2\x80\xa2 -/\xc2\xbbv w A\xc2\xab*\'\xc2\xbb \\.,< \n\n\n\n.r\\v \xe2\x80\x9e * * o ,. v> \n\n\n\n\n\n\n*- 0\' \n\n\n\n$ \n\n\n\n6>\\ \n\n\n\n$9* \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\xe2\x80\xa2< * \xc2\xab / \xe2\x96\xa0 -^s v \xc2\xab. < * \xc2\xb0 * *fe \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n^o^ \n\n\xc2\xab*<?* \n\n\n\n\n\'J|^ \xc2\xb0 <&><<y .AVIS. ^ <\xc2\xab v \n\n\n\n\n\n\n^^ \n\n\n\nej <3 ^ \n\nV*.r# ^ \n\n\n\n\n\n\n%0* \n\n\n\n\n\n\nQ^ ^/ \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n^.0^ \n\n^ ^ \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n-o. \' * * s \n\n\n\n% \n\n\n\nr/^>^ \n\n\n\n\n\\\\^ \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n* ^ \n- ^ \n\n\n\n^ ^ \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nI \n\n\n\nBffiHOffl \n\n\n\n\n\xe2\x96\xa0 \n\n\n\n\xe2\x96\xa0 \n\n\n\n\xe2\x96\xa0 \xe2\x96\xa0 \n\n\n\n'