% *o ' . . « ^^ :^% \./ :/i»^^o ^^..^^ *- % '^'yiw.^ y% \^,^. ^v ^^ % *^°-. Jp-'.l. SKETCHES AND VIEWS POINTS OF INTEREST ^^^^}£^ RICHMOND, VIRGINIA ^^=^^"^3^=^ DESCRIPTION AND MAP HISTORIC BATTLEFIELDS M. A. BURGESS, Publisher Richmond, Va., 1903 THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, Two Copies Received m 22 1903 Copyiignt hntry ^LASS «-XXc. No. 4 -3 ^ 5 i COPY B. FROM THE PRESSOR CLYDE W. SAUNDERS RICHMOND, VIRGINIA WILLIAM BYRD, Founder of Kichmonrl. COPYRIGHT APPLIED FOR ICHMOND ON THE JAMES" is one of the most interesting historical cities in the United States. The natural beauty of this city on hnr "seven hills" excites surprise — I ! hills and dales, and the beauti- ful "falls of the James" are objects that please the eye, and travelers are loud in their praises of the beauty of this lovely city of the South. Nature has done much to beautify Richmond — but it is not the beauty of the city alone that calls forth the admiration of all wlio come within her borders, but the fact that its early history is so fraught with stirring scenes of frontier life and romantic incidents that their recital must form a pleasing link between the old era of the seventeenth century and the new era which began with the Civil War nearly one hundred years later. The site of the city of Richmond is upon the very spot occupied not only by the most famous Indian tribes known to history (under the mighty king Powhatan, father of Pocahontas), but the first English settlers, who, after depositing their goods and families at Jamestown, continued their journey up the James river to Rich- mond, where the, falls of the river made it impossible for them to proceed further', 6 Richmond Tradition tells us the mighty chief Powhatan had his camping ground very near the city, and his tomb is pointed out to visitors just below the city on what is known as the "Mayo home.'^ Here also the British soldiers marched when Arnold and Tarleton invaded Richmond in the last year of the Revolutionary War. The "C^apitol Square" was also the place from whicii many of the Confederate soldiers of the late war were mustered into service — under Lee and Jackson. The object of this little book is to furnish to the traveler facts in the early history of Richmond, its many places of interest as well as an up-to-date guide to the city, and to extend to all a "welcome, thrice welcome, to Richmond !*' "Richmond on the James'" is situated at the head of tidewater, one hundred miles from Xewport News, which is a great shipbuilding point. The site on which Richmond is built was discovered by NeAvport and Capt. John Smith in 1607. Col. William Byrd founded Richmond in 1T3T, and in 1742 it was incorporated into a town. In 1779 the capitol, which had been until then in W^illiamsburg, was moved to Richmond. The founda- tion of the present Capitol Building was laid in 1785 and completed in 1792, the model from which it was built being one made in France for Thomas Jefferson, which is now carefully preserved in the State Library, x^ICHMOND 7 where it is the object of iiinch interest to the crowds of visitors who visit there. Richmond was incorporated into a city in 1782^ at which time there were compara- tively few houses with a population of a little over three thousand. WASHINGTON MONUMENT. In 1811 the burning of the theater was one of the greatest calamities that ever befell the city. The Gov- ernor of the State, with seventy other persons, per- ished. 8 Richmond St. John's Church, Twenty-fifth and Broad streets, is a place of much interest, wliere, in 1775, the Con- vention met in which Patrick Henry made his famous speech and sounded the keynote of American liberty when he said, "Give me liberty or give me death.'' POST OFP^ICE. Other dates of interest will be found throughout this book, the most important being illustrated with special cuts and information that has been furnished by the highest authority. This book would liardly be complete without special Richmond 9 mention of the squirrels in the Capitol Square. They are fed each day by a convict, who gives them cracked walnuts and hickory nuts. A whistle is blown, to which they respond as readily as the human family would to a dinner bell. They are a constant source of delight to the visitors and children, and are exceedingly tame. x\fter visiting the Capitol and State Library the stranger is in the near vicinity of a great many points of interest, which can be visited l)y the aid of this guide l)ook with all ease. Richmond is a growing city, and it is hard to realize, as you see the magnificent buildings erected or in pro- cess of erection, that in 1865 it was almost destroyed by fire during the evacuation, when the Federal troops were entering the city. A great many fine views are to be had from the hills about the city and from the top of the Capitol Building and the tower in the City Hall. James river can be traced for miles as it flows on to join the waters of Chesapeake Bay. Over the roads leading into the city from every direc- tion marched the weary soldiers of both armies during the late war, and near the river just below Gallego Mills is the site of Libby Prison, which was moved to Chicago during the World's Fair. The ground is now occupied by an ice plant. Around the cit}', almost within its corporate limits, are still to be seen "breast works" thrown out by the armies camping around the city as a defense. Bullets, 10 Richmond balls and buckles are dug from these em])ankments. Within a short distance from the city were fought the battles of Yellow Tavern, Cold Harbor, Seven Pines, Strawberry Hill, Malvern Hill, Mechanics vi lie, Graine's Mill and Savage Station. The history of the Seven Days' Fight around Richmond is written in blood ! Monuments. Richmond, in its eagerness to do honor to its heroes, will soon outrival the famous "Monumental Citv.'' The J. E. n. STUAKT. first in importance is the statue of Washington, by Crawford. The corner-stone was laid in 1850, February 15th. It was dedicated Februarv 22, 1858. The monu- WASHINGTON, by Houdon. 12 Richmond ment is sixty feet in height and was built at a cost of $260,000. CONFEDEKATE SOLDIERS, HoHywood Cemetery. A beautiful statue of Washington, made by Houdon, the French artist, is seen in the rotunda of the Capitol. Richmond 18 rt is said Washington himself viewed the statue from the southwest corner of the C*apitol Buihling. HOWTTZEHS^ MONUMENT. The Stonewell Jackson Monument, also seen direectly opposite the City Hall, in the Capitol grounds, is a fine work of art in bronze. It was the gift of English ad- 14 Richmond mirers and the work of the sculptor Foley. The statue was dedicated October 36, 1875. A. p. HILJ Henry Clay's monument^ also seen in the Capitol Square, is a beautiful statue by Hart, and was dedi- cated in 1860. Richmond 15 Lee Moiiunient, situated in wliat is known as ^'Lee District,'' in the western part of the city, is the work of Mercie, a French sculptor, and is a fine work of art. The Howitzer's statue, in hronze, was designed by W. L. Sheppard, a "Richmond artist. A fine statue to General Wickham is seen in Monroe Park. It was desioued l)y E. Y. Valeutiue, of Rich- mond. The statue to A. P. Hill is on the drive from the Boulevard to the Brook road. The monuuumt to the Confederate dead, in Holly- wood Cemetery, is built of A^ir^inia o'ranite and is an ini- posing statue. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, in Libby Hill Park, was designed by W. L. Sheppard, of Richmond, and is a tribute to the private soldiers and sailors of the Confederacy. The view from Libby Hill is one of the finest to be had in the city, and crowds during the sum- mer season take advantage of the pleasant seats fur- nished in the park. State Library. The portraits seen in the State Library are persons connected with Virginia's history from its infancy to the present day, and are arranged as follows: Henry Lee, father of Gen. R. E. Lee, author of the famous phrase in pronouncing a eulogy on Washington, ^^First in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his 16 Richmond country men," Governor of Virginia from 1792 to 1795, died March 25, 1818, copied from the original Stuart painting by W. L. Sheppard. SPEAKER'S CHAIR (House of Burgesses) John Robinson, Speaker House of Burgesses for twenty-eight years, died 1694. Richmond 17 Lord Howard, commissioned Governor of Virginia 1683, from the original by W. Jj. Sheppard. John Smith, of Pocahontas fame, Governor of Vir- ginia in early Colonial days, died 1632, portrait by Sheppard. George Rogers Clark, born 1752, died 1818, hero of the Northwestern Expeditions. John Randolph, of Roanoke, born Jnne 2, 1773, died June 2-1, 1833, a famous Virginia orator. Lord Delaware, appointed Governor of Virginia 1610, died June 8, 1618, picture copied by Sheppard. Lord Dunmore, born 1732, last royal Governor of Vir- ginia, died 1790. John Taylor, of Caroline county, Va. Mary Randolph, of Curls Xeck, Va., wife of Col. A. Gary. ^ Richard Henry Lee, father of Henry Lee. General Elliott. Thomas Lee. Peter Francisco, a Virginia giant of Revohitionary fame, weighing 260 pounds and six feet and one inch- in height, died January 17, 1831. Lord Culpeper, Governor of Virginia, 1680 to 1683; died 1719. Lord Spotswood, appointed Royal Governor of Vir- ginia 1710, remaining until 1722. Lady Spotswood. James Madison, President of the United States. 18 Richmond Percy , Brigadier-General in Revolutionar}' War. William Nelson, born 1711, died 1772, Royal Gover- nor of Virginia. Chief-Justice John IMarshaJl, born September 24, 1755, died July 6, 1835. John Page, Lieutenant-Governor of the State and afterward elected Governor, born April 17. 1743, died October 11, 1808. Thomas Nelson, Governor of A^irginia, born Decem- ber 20, 1738, portrait by Sheppard. John Tyler, Sr., born February 28, 1747, died Janu- ary 6, 1813, Governor of Virginia in 1808. John Tyler, President of the United States. James Monroe, President of the United States, born April 25, 1758, died July 4, 1831. Pocahontas, from the original })ainting shown in Barton Rectory, England, taken from life in 1616, copied by Sheppard; Pocahontas was l)orn about 1595. Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States, born April 13, 1742, died July 4, 1826; was also Gover- nor of Virginia and author of the Declaration of Inde- pendence. Patrick Henry, born May 29, 1736, died June 6, 1799, portrait by Sully. Henry Clay, born April 2, 1777, died June 29, 1852. William Smith, born September 6, 1797, Governor of Virginia in 1845 and again in 1863, died May 18, 1887. Richmond 19 George Mason^ born 1725^ author of Virginia Bill of Rights. George W. Smith, born 1762, died 1811, Governor of Virginia, following James Monroe; lost his life in the burning of the theatre in 1811. Edmond Randolph, born August 10, 1753, Gover- STATE LinKAHV. nor of A^irginia 1786 to 1788, first Attorney-General in 1789. Robert Brooke, born 1754, died 1799, Governor of Virginia 1796 to 1798, portrait by Sheppard. 20 Richmond John B. Floyd, born 1806, died 1863, Governor of Virginia 1849 to 1853. John Floyd, born 1783, died 1837, Governor of Vir- ginia 1830 to 183-4. Joseph Johnson, born 1785, died 1877, Governor of Virginia. Wyndham Eobertson, born 1803, died 1888, Governor of Virginia. James Barbour, born 1775, died 1842, Governor of Virginia in 1811. Wm. B. Giles, born 1762, died 1830. Wm. H. Eoane, born 1788, died 1845. James McDowell, born 1795, died 1851, Governor of Virginia from 1843 to 1846. John Eutherfoord, born 1792, died 1866, Governor of Aarginia 1841. Gilbert C. Walker, born 1832, died 1885, Governor of Virginia 1864, first Governor after the Avar during the "Eeconstrnetion Period," native of Xew York. Thomas W. Gilmer, born 1802, died 1844. Littleton W. Tazewell, born 1774, died 1860, Gover- nor of Virginia from 1834 to 1836. David Campbell, born 1779, died 1859, Governor of Virginia from 1836 to 1840. William H. Cabell, born 1772, died 1853, Governor of Virginia 1805 to 1808. James P. Preston, born 1774, died 1843, Governor of Virginia 1816 to 1819. Richmond 21 Henry A. Wise, born 1802, died 1876, Governor of Virginia 1855 to 1859, portrait by Elder. George Washington, first President of the United States, born 1732, died 1799. Martha Washington, born 1732, died 1802. Merriwether Lewis, born 1774, died 1809. He, in company with Clarke, went as an explorer through the Avestern part of the United States. Thomas J. Jackson, born 1824, died 1863, mortally wounded by his own men, who mistook him for an enemy; was wounded at the battle of Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863. James L. Kemper, born 1823, Governor of Virginia in 1874. John Letcher, born 1813, died 1884, Governor of Vir- ginia 1859 to 1863. "Jeb" Stuart, born 1833, died 1864; mortally wounded at the battle of Yellow Tavern. Eobert E. Lee, born 1807, died October 12, 1870, Com- mander-in-Chief of the Confederate States, portrait by Elder. William S. Archer, born 1789, died 1855, United States Senator 1841 to 1847. Edward Johnson, born 1816, died 1873, Major-Gen- eral in Confederate army. Joseph E. Johnston, born 1807, died 1891, general in Confederate army.. George E. Pickett, born 1825, died 1875, general in 22 Richmond Confederate army, and immortalized himself by his fa- mous charge at Gettysburg. John Buchanan, born 1743, died 1823, rector of the Episcopal Church of Eichmond. George W. Munford. born 1803, died 1883. THE OLD STOVE. Fitzhugh Lee, born 1835, Governor of Virginia from 1886 to 1890; was also appointed to charge of the island of Cuba by the President of the United States after the Spanish-American War. Richmond 23 Philip W. Mcivinney, born 1834, Governor of Vir- ginia 1890 to. 1894. Charles T. O'Ferrall, (jrovernor of Virginia from 1894 to 1898. J. Hoge Tyler, Governor of A'irginia. A. P. Hill, born 1825, killed near Petersburg, 1865. W. H. Harrison, President of the United States. James Jones, died 1848, member of Congress 1819 to 1823. Mathew F. ^laury, born 1806, died 1873, Commander of the United States Navy. John Letcher, Governor of Virginia 1859 to 1863. Black Hawk, with two other Indian chiefs. William Cameron, Governor of Virginia, portrait by Sheppard. J. D. Blair, a noted Presbyterian divine. Count Rochambeau, who commanded the French forces at Yorktown in 1781. Fred W. M. Holliday, Governor of Virginia from 1878 to 1882. Dr. John A. Broaddus, a celebrated Baptist divine. John K. Thojupson, editor of Southeni Litcrarfj Mes- senger, born 1823, died 1873. William Cabell Pdves, born 1793, died 1868. Fnited States Senator. Some very ancient maps are shown dating back -o 1600 ; one is the work of Capt. John Smith. The traveler visiting the library will find souvenirs of historic interest to be had at reasonable prices. 24 Richmond The State Library Building is an annex to the Capi- tol Building. The portraits wliich used to adorn the ro- tunda in the Capital are now placed on exhibition in the library, as are also the books, of which there are about 80,000 volumes, which made a great weight on the floor of the old building. In a large show-case in the Library Building may be seen the following interesting articles : The model of the Capitol made for Thomas Jeiferson while he was Minis- ter to France, in 1785 ; the flag of the Confederacy, used on the State house during the war; cane of Patrick Henry, with sword enclosed ; horn drinking cup of Lord Cornwallis taken at Yorktown 1781; revolutionary flag; gun from battlefield of the Crater ; canteen taken from the body of a dead I'nion soldier at Spotsylvania Court- house; pike of John Brown taken at Harpers Ferry in 1859 by Co]. R. E. Lee; Peter Francisco's sword; seal of the Confederacy; breast plate taken from the body of a dead Union soldier after the battle of Seven Pines ; and numerous other things. The chair and desk of Pat- rick Henr}^ are also in the library. A most fearful disaster occurred in the Capitol Build- ing April 27, 1870, in which sixty-five persons were killed. It was during a session of court in which the question of "Carpet Bag" was being discussed, and an immense crowd had gathered in the gallery in the House of Delegates and the unusual weight caused the floor to give way. It fell into the hall below and buried them under the timbers. Many persons were badly injured. Richmond 25 In the rotunda of the Capitol la seen the famous Speakers Chair used in tlie House of Burgesses at Wil- liamsburg and said to have been presented by Queen Anne. The old srove ealled a "warming machine" is also seen. It was made in London in 1770. A great many interesting historical papers are seen in the State Library, among which is the original parole of Lord Cornwall is, Avritttn in 1781, at the surrender of Yorktown, and signed by (^)rnwallis. Origin of the ''^tars and stripes,'' taken from the coat-of-arms of the \Va shi ngton family. Autograph letters of Jjafayette, George Washington, H. E. Lee, Daniel Boone, Edgar Allen Poe and many others; the bail bond of Jefferson Davis, signed by Horace Greeley and Cornelius Vanderbilt and others, is seen. The marriage bond of Thomas Jefferson and the last letter written by Stonewall Jackson (just before he was fatally wounded) to General Lee is seen in a f ram \ Silhouettes of John Randolph, John Marshall and num- bers of small i)ictures are among the collection. In the cntiance to the library is seen a painting of the bom- bardnu'nt of Fort Sumter and the picture of Edniond K*uflin, who hred the lirst gun; Jeff' Davis and his gen- erals and a nund)er of othcM- ])ictui-es of historic inter- est are seen. The agricultural department in the Library Building is under the management of the Commissioner of Agri- culture, and is a most interesting place to visitors. In 26 Richmond large glass cases are shown the various fruits of Vir- ginia made in wax. They are very life-like in appear- ance. Grains, minerals, shells, marbles, gold and iron ores are to be seen, and some beautiful specimens of mica. The collection embraces every known product of the State from the mountains to the sea, and no one should fail to visit the agricultural department. The Library Building also contains many other State offices, viz., Railroad Commissioner, Superintendent Public Instruction, Attorney- General, Auditor, Law Library, Adjutant-General, Supreme Court room and several others. The streets of Richmond are divided by IMain street into north and south, those above Main being called '■north Xinth" or "Tenth," as the case may be, and are cross streets, and are designated numerically. Those running parallel with Main are called by name in the following order: C'lry, Main, Franklin, Grace, Broad, Marshall, Clay and J^eigh. Foushee street is the divid- ing line, as streets east of Foushee are called East Main and those west of it are called West Main, etc. The crossings are marked by small tin signs on lamp-posts. A great many parks adorn tlie city, which are great places of lesort during the summer. "■0})en-air" con- certs are furnished by the bands of the city at the dif- ferent parks, which are provided at the expense of the city. Til ere are eight public parks in the city. The City Hall is directly opposite the Capitol Square, Richmond 21 and is a most imposing and beautiful structure. It is l»uilt of Richmond granite and cost $1,500,000. Tt is five stories in lieigiit and snrinonnted bv a tower 180 feet higli. The ''White House of the Confederac}'" is also near, at tlie corner of Twelfth and Clay, and was the home of President Davis during his official life in Eichmond. It is now used as the Confederate Museum. Tlie street car system of the city is not surpassed by any city in tlie Union, Richmond being the first city fco have the electric cars running for any great length. The conductors are polite and attentive to strangers, and persons are enabled to find their way about the city with ease. The car lines extend to Seven Pines battle- field and to all points of interest around the city. There is also a line running to Petersburg, and persons taking this line can visit the famous battle-field of the Crater. Transfers from one ( . r line to another are given without extra charge, and Richmond may be justly proud of her street car service and polite and gentlemanly officers. Hacks and carriages will be found at the hotels, and lined up around the Capitol Square may be found many cabs and carriages driven by old coachmen who were slaves "befo' de wah.'' Taking the car on Broad or Main street the traveler can conveniently visit old St. John^s Church, which is immortalized by the fact that herein Patrick Henry 28 Richmond delivered his famous speech, "Give me liberty or give me death," and the pew in which he stood is marked and shown to visitors. There are many cnrious epitaphs in this old cemetery in which the church is situated, and some of the tombs are very unique. The oldest grave OLD MASONIC HALL, Franklin near Nineteenth. in the cemetery is that of Robert Rose, rector, dated "June 30th, 1751." Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument is on Libby Hill near St. John's Church. Chimborazo Park is near Libby Hill, and daring the Richmond 29 late war the largest Confederate hospital in the city was in this park. Oakwood Cemetery, nearby the park^ contains the graves of 16,000 Confederate soldiers. The ^^Washington Headquarters;" on Twentieth and lilii^ MA^nNK ll-.M I'M':. l',ro;nl cdnier Adams. ^lain streets, is the oldest building in the city, and said to be used by George A\^ashington. It is now used as a museum. The old Masonic Hall, on Franklin and Nineteenth 30 Richmond streets, is the oldest one in the country, its corner-stone being laid in 1785, wherein a reception was given Gen- eral Lafayette on his visit to the United States. Eichmond is well supplied with banks, which are situ- ated along Main street. The Chamber of Commerce is one of the finest build- ings in that line in the South. It was erected inl893. One of the most historic churches in Eichmond is St. PauFs Episcopal. It was here a telegram from General Lee was received by Jefferson Davis (as he was attending service) that Eichmond must be evacuated. It was done, and the Union troops at once entered the city. Eichmond was evacuated April 2, 1865. The "Virginia Historical" building, on Franklin street between Eighth and Ninth, was the home of Gen. E. E. Lee during his stay in Eichmond. It is now a museum of portraits, and has a valuable library. The Young Men's Christian Association is doing a fine work, and is one of the most worthy places in the city. It does a great deal for the men and boys in many ways, and Eichmond feels a great pride in their success. It is a monument in part to the late D. L. Moody. It is on the corner of Sixth and Main. Near the Y. M. C. A. is the early home of Edgar Allen Poe, Fifth and Main. Belle Isle, an island in James river, opposite the city, is where the Federal prisoners were c:i_fined during the war. Richmond 31 The State Penitentiary^ which is a place of interest to a great many persons, is situated near Hollywood Cemetery. Hollywood Cemtery, Richmond, is not exceeded in beauty by any other in the Union. Its natural growth of holly trees takes away any look of gloom even in winter. Twelve thousand Confederate soldiers are buried there near a beautiful monument of natural Virginia granite ninety feet high. A monument to General Pickett marks the spot of '^Gettysburg" hill. Some of the most famous men of the times are sleeping in Hollywood. Of the Presidents, James Monroe and John Tyler. At some distance from the two Presideiits of the United States is the burial place of Jefferson Davis. The "Davis section" is beau- tifully laid out, and a bronze statue of the President of the Confederacy, erected by his widow, adorns his grave. Beside him sleeps his daughter Winnie, at whose grave the "Daughters of the Confederacy" have erected a handsome monument. Among other famous persons buried there are Generals J. E. B. Stuart, Pickett, Wise, Pegram, William Smith, Commodore Maury, and John Randolph. The Confederate Soldiers' Home is situated in the western part of the city. It was founded by Lee Camp Confederate Veterans of Richmond, and has a great number of disabled, pensionless soldiers within its walls who are tenderlv cared for. Richmond 33 Kichmond College, at the head of Grace street, is one of the finest colleges in the South. It has a fine library and museum. It has thirteen acres in its park and cam- pus, and the buildings are magnificent. The Commonwealth Club, corner Monroe and Frank- lin streets. Eichmond is one of the great trade centers of the South. Its tobacco interests are immense, while the wholesale business is very extensive in every line of trade. A great many factories and foundries are in full opera- tion, while the Richmond Locomotive Works is sending engines all over the world. The schools and colleges of the city are of a high order. Battle-Fields. Richmond, during the Civil War, was the center of the "mighty conflict." "On to Richmond" was the con- stant cry, and it seemed the one thing mostly to be de- sired. The suffering in the city among the oppressed people w^as something terrible, and while there has been much blame attached to the people of Richmond by some for the awful suffering among the prisoners held among them, many persons outside of the prisons un- used to want and hardships were faring very little bet- ter themselves. Such are the horrors of war. All the more horrible that the innocent must also suffer ! Among the nearest battle-fields to Richmond is that of Seven 34 Richmond Pines or Fair Oaks. The Clay street or Broad street cars will take one out to the battle-field. The Clay street line, however, is more direct. All along the car lines may be seen old fortifications and breast woiks that still remain. This Seven Pines battle was fonght May 31, 1862, and was a most severe conflict. The Confederates were nnder the command of Gen. Joseph ¥j. Johnston and the Federals nnder General McClellan. The Con- federates failed to accomplish their purpose, which was the capture or destruction of this advance corps. The battle was continued on Jnne 1st, l)ut without any decided result for either side. The loss on the Fed- eral side was 5,000 and the Confederates 6,000. Mechanicsville was the first of the "seven days^ fight around Eichmond."' The fight opened June 26, 1862, by A. P. Hill division, which crossed the Chickahominy at Meadow Bridge, followed by Longstreet and D. H. Hill, who crossed at Mechanicsville. Jackson did not arrive until next day. Fitz John Porter was command- ing this wing, and, finding Jackson approaching, re- tired during the night to Beaver Dam creek. Six miles from Mechanicsville was Cold Harbor and Gaine's Mill, nine miles from Eichmond. The battles fought at these places were among the most severe of the war. The length of Jackson's line of march delayed his ar- rival and his meeting with Hill and Longstreet. He, however, got his troops into position and made an as- sault on the Federal works and forced Porter to retreat. Richmond 35 Lee's forces amounted to about 47,000 against 35,000 of Porter's command. Savage Station was the (.nird battle fought — June '29, 1863. Magruder's division against the Federals. Frazier's farm, or Glendale, was the next conflict — June 30, 1862. OLD BELL TOWER, Capitol Square. The next battle was at Malvern Hill — July 1, 1862 — McClellan commanding the Federals, General Lee the Confederates. 86 Richmond During the seven days' fight around Kichmond ihe loss to the Confederates amounted to 17^000; the Fed- erals, 17,000. Cold Harl)or was the scene of another battle in Grant's campaign of 18(U. Here General Grant suffered the most disastrous result of the war, losing 13,000 men in less than an hour. The troops scattered and could not be urged to renew the conflict. The battle of Yellow Tavern was fought May 11. 1861-. It defeated Sheridan's raid and saved Richmonl from capture. Fort Harrison, near the river, eight miles below Rich- mond, was captured by the Federal troops September 29, 1861:. An attempt next day to recover proved futile. Chafin's Bluff is situated directly on the river a short distance from Drewry's Bluff. An attack was made on Drewry's Bluff on May 15, 18G2, by the gun boats Moni- tor, Galena and others. Dutch Gap and the Hewlett house are a few miles be- ]ow Chafin's Bluff on the river. Dutch Gap is a canal cut througli a narrow neck of hind, around which the river makes a Ijcnd. It was begun during the war in 1861: and completed after the war, and is now used by boats and steamers. Chukohes. Among the most noted churches in Richmond is Mon- umental Episcopal Church on Broad street below ST. PAUL'S CHURCH. 38 Richmond Twelfth. It was in process of building in 1812, I8I0 and 1814, when it was completed. It is bnilt on what was called one hnndred and sixteen years ago ^^Theatrc Square.'" Kicliniond's first theatre was built in 1T8G. In that building the Convention met that ratified the Constitution of the United States. Attending the Con- Richmond 39 vention were James Madison and James Monroe, and Ed- mund Pendleton, George Mason and Patrick Henry. This bnilding was destroyed by fire in 1802. A new one soon arose. This second building was burned Deceui- TOMB OF PRES. MONROE, HoUywood. ber 26, 1811. A play, the "Bleeding Nun," was being played, and a large crowd were in attendance. Among others the Governor, who perished with seventy-two 40 Richmond others in the flames. The ashes of the lost lie in a sealed vault at the southern entrance to the church, and their names are on a monument in the south portico of the church. Metliodists. — The Methodists churches of Eichmond have grown very rapidl}^ in the last ten 3^ears both in the city and suburbs, for while the growth in popula- tion has only been about 4 per cent., the increase in Methodist members has been 43 per cent. The follow- ing figures have reference only to the white membership district of Eichmond and Manchester : There are twenty Methodist churches, with an actual membership of 7,739. The Methodist Mission, corner Nineteenth and Main streets, is doing a noble work, and is well worth the inspection of visitors to our city. Eev. J. T. Mastin is financial agent for this institution. In the Sunday-schools are enrolled 5,000 scholars. Value of church property, $370,000. The ministers of the Methodist churches of the city are men of a high order, and are notably in the lead in the temperance work and all other worthy causes that arise. Methodist Orphanage. — The Virginia Conference Or- phanage is an institution which takes care of destitute children of both sexes. It is the property of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, South, and is supported by volun- tary contributions of those who love little children and desire to help save them. It is situated one mile west of Richmond 41 the city on a farm of seventy acres. Eev. J. T. Mastin is superintendent. Presbyterian Churclies. — In the city or suburbs within sight of the City Hall there are twelve Presbyterian churches, of which one is colored. Total membership in 1903 was 3,067. The first church, Grace and Madi- son streets. Rev. R. P. Kerr, pastor, is the oldest ; organ- ized in 1812. The other churches are: Grace and Fourth, Dr. Jere Witherspoon, pastor. Third Presbyterian Church, Broad and Twentieth, Rev. R. B. Eggleston, pastor. Second, ]\lain and Fifth, Dr. Russell Cecil, pastor. Manchester, Rev. J. T. Fix, pastor. Church of the Covenant, Harrison and Park avenue. Rev. J. Calvin Stuart, pastor. Westminster Church. Grove avenue. Rev. T. R. Eng- lish, pastor. Hoge Memoi'ial, Franklin and Nineteenth, Rev. J. E. Cook, pastor. First Colored Church, Monroe and Brook avenue, Rev. W. E. Partee, pastor. Mizpah Church, Chestnut Hill. Fairfield and Overbrook, Rev. D. K. Walthall, pastor. The First Presbyterian Church lias m operation a parochial school for girls. The Westminster School is on west Grace and Pine streets. The churches hold quarterly communion services first Sunday in each month, and the first Sunday night of the year united 42 Richmond communion is held in one of the large churches. The Presbyterian people of Eichmond are considered wealthy and cultured, and have large influence in the religious movements of the city. Their ministers are highly edu- cated. The Baptists have in the city proper seventeen white cliurches, and in Manchester four churches, with an aggregate membership of 10,257. The list of the city churches are as follows : First, organized in 1780, Rev. Geo. Cooper, D. D. Second, Rev. W. L. R. Smith, D. D. Grace Street, Rev. 0. S. Gardner, D. D. Leigh Street, Rev. M. Ashby Jones. Pine Street, Rev. J. B. Hutson, D. D. Grove Avenue, Rev. J. B. Hawthorne, D. D. Fulton, Rev. J. D. Hicks. Yenable Street, Rev. W. T. 13erieux, D. D. Calvary, Rev. Weston Brunner, D. D. East End, Rev. J. T. Tucker. Fairmount, Rev. C. C. Cox. Immanuel, Rev. D. A. Solly. West View, Rev. I. M. Mercer, D. D. Randolph Street, Rev. I. S. Boyles. College View, Rev. Leslie Gwaltney. Barton Heights, Rev. W. T. Hundley. Broadus Memorial, Rev. C. P. Stealey. In Manchester there are : Bainbridge Street, Rev. E. V. Baldy. Richmond 43 Stockton Street^ liev. J. W. Kiucheloe. Clopton Street, Eev. W. W. Sisk. Oak Grove, Eev. E. T. Smith. The Episcopal churches of the city are as follows : All Saints, Franklin and Madison, Eev. J. Yates Downman. Chapel of the Eedeemer, BoAvling Green Eoad, Chelsea Hill. Christ, 2120 Venable street, Eev. G. Otis Mead. Hoh^ Trinity (Moore Memorial), Laurel near Main, Eev. J. J. Gravatt. Epiphany, Barton Heights, Eev. C. E. Kuyk. Grace, Main and Foushee, Eev. Landon E. Mason. Holy Comforter, Grove Eoad. Monumental, 1224-1226 E. Broad, Wm. E. Evans, D. D. St. Andrew's Mission, G19-()21 Bevei ly. St. Andrew's, Laurel and Beverly, Thos. Semmes, I). D. St. John's, Twenty-fourth and Broad, Eev. E. A. Goodwin. St. Luke's, Washington and Beverly, Eev. Wm. T. Snead. St. James, Fifth and Marshall, Eev. W. Meade Clark. St. Mark's, First and Clay, Eev. B. L. Goodwin. St. PauFs, Ninth and Grace, Eev. Eobt. Strange, D. D. 44 Richmond St. PauFs Mis.^ion, Rev. Robt. Strange, D. D. Weddell Memorial Cliapel, 520 Denny, Edwin B. Snead, Christian or Disciples. — Seventh-Street, Seventh and Grace. Marshall-Street, 919 AV. :\rarsliall, Rev. F. W. Troy. Third Christian, corner Twenty-sixth, Rev. P. A. Cave. West End, 7 X. :\rorris, Rev. P. H. Atkins. JewisJi. — Beth Ahaba Synagogue, Eleventh, Rev. E. X. Calisch. Keneseth Israel, 311 Mayo, Rev. Philips. Sir Moses Montefiore, 115 Mayo, Rev, Reuben Gra- liam. Lutheran.— Yiy>^t English. 205 X. Seventh, Rev. C. A. Marks. St. John's G.Tman, Eighth and Marshall, Rev. Paul Menzel. Trinity English, 1328 X. Twenty-ninth. Catholic. — St. Peter's, Eighth and Grace, Bishop Yan de Vyver; Rev. John Bowler, Rector. St. Patrick\s, 215-217 X. Twenty-tifth, Rev. Hugh McKeefrey. St. Mary's German, 314 E. Marshall, Rev. Wm. Mayer. Sacred Heart, Flovd avenue, Rev. J. B. O'Reillev. Richmond 45 CoLOPvED Churches. Manchester, Va. — First Baptist Church, Eev. A. Binga, Jr., D. D., pastor. Second Baptist Church, Rev. D. Wehster Davis, A. M., pastor. Zion Baptist Churcli, Rev. W. Ashburn, pastor. Swansboro Baptist Church, Rev. R. Beecher Taylor, pastor. Membership, 1,800. Richmond, Va. — The First Baptist Church, College and Broad streets. Rev. W. T. Johnson, B. D., pastor. The Second Baptist Church, Byrd street between First and Second streets, Rev. Z. D. Lewis, D. D., pastor. The Ebenezer Baptist Chnrch, Judah and Leigh streets. Rev. W. H. Stokes, B. D., pastor. The Fourth Baptist Church (Church Hill), P street near Twenty-ninth, Rev. Evans Payne, pastor. The Fifth Baptist Church, W. Cary street. Rev. Joseph Perry, pastor. The Sixth Mt. Zion Baptist Church, St. John and Duval streets, Rev. R. Y. Peyton, pastor. The Fifth-Street Baptist Church, Fifth and Jackson streets, Rev. W. F. Graham, D. D., pastor. Moore-Street Baptist Church, ]\Ioore street near Gil- mer, Rev. R. 0. Johnson, B. D., pastor. The Sharon Baptist Church, First and Leigh streets, Rev. A. S. Thomas, pastor. Fountain Baptist Church, Tliirty-tirst and streets. Rev. H. R. Williams, pastor. Richmond 47