M LIBRA RY OF CONGRESS. Chap..T?0.^. Shelf J^,2K_S___ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Compliments of MRS. A. M. CLARK, SECRETARY. a O) bo as 0-< bO oa a> ,237 10 250 00 340 00 31 00 60 00 69 30 104 25 375 00 1,539 00 315 40 466 50 370 00 770 80 1.581 41 133 66 493 43 478 00 6,800 00 287 42 * Tho lady niprabers wore subsequently paid $500 each by action of the legislature. Report of the Board of Managers. The liabilities of the Board of Managers are: ITEMS. Due counties and corporations " on outstanding notes " Treasurer on warrants paid " on outstanding warrants " contractors, when building is complete. Total. Amount. $19,097 81 10,631 25 322 79 851 58 200 00 $31,103 43 For the information of the persons who advanced the money that has been expended, and the legislature who are asked to assume this enterprise for the state, and for your consideration and advice to the legislature, the above re- port of the proceedings of the Board of Managers is respectfully submitted. THE BOARD. At Large. — A. W. Smith, Groveland, McPherson county. Fbederiok WELiiHOusE, Fairmount, Leavenworth county. First District — W. A. Hakbis, Linwood, Leavenworth county. Second District — R. W, Spabk, Lawrence, Douglas county. Third District — E. H. Beown, Girard, Crawford county. Fourth District — A. S. Johnson, Topeka, Shawnee county. Fifth District — W. H. Smith, Marysville, Marshall county. Sixth District — Wm. Simpson, Norton, Norton county. Seventh District — * Mes. Robt. B. Mitchell, Fort Scott, Bourbon county. Mbs. Lewis Hanback, Topeka, Shawnee county. ■ The member for this district, O. B. Hildreth, died December 3, 1892. Report of the "Board of World's Fair Manajfers, of Kansas." March to December, 1893, ToPEKA, Kas., December 14, 1893. To Hon. L. D. Lewelling, Governor : Sir — The foregoing report of the "Board of Managers, Kansas Exhibit, World^s Columbian Exposition Corporation" in brief, including the finan- cial exhibit, discloses the progress made and the condition of the work as re- ported to the Board of World's Fair Managers of Kansas when it assumed control, in accordance with the following act of the legislature, approved March 4, 1893: An Act to provide for the collection, arrangement and display of the products of the state of Kansas at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, and to provide for the transfer of the property of the Board of Managers Kansas World's Columbian Exposition Corporation, and to make an appropria- tion therefor, and to pay certain expenses already incurred in preparing for said exhibit, and to declare the powers of said corporation respecting said property. Whereas, The congress of the United States has provided, by an act approved April 25, 1890, for celebrating the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, by holding an international exposition of arts, industries, manufactures, and the products of the field, mine, and sea, in the city of Chicago, in the state of Illinois, in the year 1893; and Wheeeas, It is of great importance that the natural resources, industrial develop- ment and general progress and wealth of the state of Kansas should be fully and creditably displayed to the world at said exhibition; and Wheeeas, The Board of Managers, Kansas Exhibit,World's Columbian Exposition Corporatioii has expended a large sum of money in securing an eligible location and erecting a suitable building, and making other necessary preparations to enable the state of Kansas to make a creditable exhibition thereat; therefore, Be it enacted by the legislature of the state of Kansas : Section 1. That for the purpose of exhibiting the resources, products and gen- eral development of the state of Kansas at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, a commission is hereby constituted, to be designated the "Board of World's Fair Managers, of Kansas," which shall consist of seven citizens, one to be appointed from each congressional district, to be organized and continue in its duties as here- inafter provided: Provided, That no more than three of said commissioners shall be- long to the same political party. Sec. 2. That members of said Board shall be appointed by the governor within 10 days after the passage of this act, and shall meet at such time as the governor may appoint, and organize by the election of a President, a Vice President, a Secre- (8) in.— Vestibule— Kansas Building. Showing wall decorations. (Page 19.) IV.— Wall Decorations— Kansas Building. (Page 20.) Report of the Board of Managers. 9 tary, and a Treasurer. The Treasurer of said Board shall give a bond to the state in the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000), in sufficient securities, to be approved by the governor, for the proper performance of his duties. Four mem- bers of said Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The Board shall have the power to make rules and regulations for its own government: Provided, Such rules and regulations shall not conflict with the regulations adopted under the act of congress for the government of the World's Columbian Exposition. Any member of the Board may be removed at any time by the governor for cause. Any vacancy which shall occur in the membership of said Board shall be filled by the governor. Sec. 3. The Board of World's Fair Managers is authorized and directed to as- sume and exercise all such executive powers and functions as may be necessary to secure a complete and creditable display of the interests of the state at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893; and they shall have personal charge of the solicita- tions, collections, transportation, arrangements and exhibition of the objects sent under the authority of the state to the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, and of such objects sent by individual citizens of the state as may be by them placed in their charge. Sec. 4. Each member of the Board appointed under this act shall be entitled to receive for their salary and expenses the sum of $4 per day for the time actually employed: Provided, however, That the Secretary shall receive the additional sum of $1 per day. Sec. 5. The Board shall have charge of the interest of the state and its citizens in the preparation and exhibition at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, and of the natural, agricultural, live stock, horticultural and industrial products of the state, and of objects illustrating its history, progress, moral and material welfare and future development, and in all matters relating to the said World's Columbian Exposition; it shall communicate with the officers and obtain and disseminate through the state necessary information regarding said exposition, and in general shall have and exercise full authority in relation to the participation of the state of Kansas and its citizens in the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. Sec. 6. The said Board shall make report of its proceedings and expenditures from time to time to the governor and at any time upon his written request, to be transmitted to the legislature, together with such suggestions as they may deem important regarding provisions for a complete and creditable representation of the state at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. Sec. 7. To carry out the provisions of this act and to pay the expenses already incurred, the sum of sixty-five thousand dollars ($65,000), or as much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated and the state treasurer is directed to pay the same from the revenue fund, from time to time, on the requisition of said Board, signed by the President and Secretary, and approved by the governor, and accom- panied by estimates of the expenses to the payment of which the money so drawn is to be applied. Provided, That the Board of World's Fair Managers of Kansas, as herein constituted, is hereby empowered to receive the so called Kansas World's Fair building at Chicago which is partially completed and such exhibit so far as collected as in their judgment is desirable, and settle for the same in such manner as may appear to said Board to be equitable and just: Provided, however. That the amount subscribed and paid by the different counties and corporations shall remain in the treasury of the state subject to the order of the World's Fair treasurer of the different counties or corporations, and if there be no such treasurer then the county treasurer shall draw such money upon his warrant, sworn and subscribed to, that the amount so demanded was paid and contributed to the World's Fair fund by 10 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. his county or corporation. And the said treasurer, upon proper showing and proof, shall disburse the said amount to the respective parties or corporations contribut- ing the same and shall take a receipt therefor: Provided, furthey^, That no warrant shall be drawn on the treasurer for any expenses already incurred by the Board of Managers, Kansas Exhibit, World's Columbian Exhibition Corporation or until such corporation shall have transferred all its property, franchises, leases, etc., and as- signed all of its policies of insurance to the commission herein created, nor until there shall have been presented to the governor of the state an itemized statement thereof, together with such proof of the correctness thereof as he may require, and until such bills shall have indorsed thereon his approval in writing: Provided, fur- ther, That at the termination of the exposition all mineral specimens or peculiar specimens of wood and engravings, and such articles and specimens as may be placed in the charge of said Board by private citizens or state institutions, shall be returned to the parties entitled to the same; but the proceeds of all property sold which was built, made or acquired by reason of this appropriation shall be turned into the state treasury and constitute a part of the general fund. Sec. 8. The Managers are hereby authorized to exchange with other states and nations duplicate specimens when practicable, and add such articles as may thus be received in exchange to the original collections from this state, all of which, at the close of the exposition, shall be returned by said Managers to the agricultural rooms in the statehouse, at Topeka, there to constitute a m.useum and to be preserved as the property of the state. Sec. 9, This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its publication once in the official state paper. Approved March 4, 1893. Under this act, Goveroor Lewelling appointed T. J. Anderson, of the fourth district; A. P. Collins, fifth district; G. W. Glick, first district; H. H. Kern, second district; M. W. Cobun, seventh district; L. P. King, third dis- trict; Mrs. A. M. Clark, sixth district; who met at the call of the governor, March 6, 1893, in Topeka. A permanent organization was not effected, owing to the absence of some of the appointees, and the meeting was ad- journed until March 7, at 8 o'clock a. m. No business of any importance was transacted at this meeting, and another adjournment was taken until 7 o'clock p. M., at the same place. The Board met at the appointed time, and all members being present, a partial organization was effected, by the election of M. W. Cobun as Presi- dent, L. P. King as Vice President, and T. J. Anderson as Treasurer. The election of a Secretary was postponed, owing to a difference of opinion pre- vailing among the members as to whether the Secretary must be chosen from among the Board or not. The following resolution was adopted : Resolved, That a committee of two be appointed by the President, to proceed at once to Chicago, to examine and report upon the condition of the Kansas building, investigate and report upon the cost of making a display in the several national buildings, and upon such other matters as may be thought necessary, and to report at a meeting of the Board March 18, at 8 o'clock p. m. A resolution was also adopted inviting W. H. Smith, Secretary of the outgoing Board, to accompany the committee, the expense of the trip to be charged to the World's Fair fund; also, that the outgoing Board of the Kan- Report of the Board of Managers. 11 sas exhibit be requested to meet with this Board Monday, March 13, 1893, at 8 o'clock p. M., prepared to make the transfer of the Kansas building at Chi- cago and other property, as contemplated by the act creating this Board of Managers. The chairman appointed T. J. Anderson and M. W. Cobun a committee to visit Chicago for the purposes named in the resolution. The following reso- lutions were also adopted: Resolved, That H. H. Kern be requested to at once take charge of the articles for exhibition now in the warehouse, send for all collections in the state, and proceed at once to put the materials for exhibit into proper condition for use at Chicago. Resolved, That the President and Vice President be made a committee to prepare an estimate of the amount of money necessary to be drawn for the present use of the Board. It was found impossible for M. W. Cobun to serve on committee to Chi- cago, on account of legislative duties. The Board adjourned, to meet at the office of the secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, in the statehouse, March 13, 8 o'clock p. m. Board met as per adjournment, the old Board meeting with them in joint session. A motion was made and carried that a committee of three persons be appointed by the chairman of each Board, to meet at No. 722 Jackson street, Topeka, at 9 o'clock A. m., March 14, 1893, to report a plan by which the property now in possession of the old Board be transferred to the new Board, the new Board agreeing to assume the indebtedness of the old Board, as reported by the joint committee, adopted by the Board, and approved by the governor. The old Board then withdrew, and the new Board proceeded to complete their organization by the election of Mrs. A. M. Clark, Secretary. On motion, the President appointed G. W. Glick, Tr J. Anderson and H. H. Kern a committee to meet with the old Board, to make settlement as above referred to. T. J. Anderson reported that his official bond, as Treasurer of the Board, had been approved by the governor, and filed with the secretary of state. In accordance with the resolutions adopted by the Board, T. J. Anderson submitted a report of his visit to Chicago, which was satisfactory to the Board. An adjournment was then taken until 2 o'clock p.m., March 14. At this meeting all members of the Board were present; also Messrs. S. T. Howe, A. S. Johnson, and W. H. Smith, committee on the part of the old Board. The following contract was read and adopted, and the President and Sec- retary instructed to execute the same and present it to the governor for his approval : This Agbeement, Made the 14th day of March, 1893, by and between the " Board of Managers, Kansas Exhibit, World's Columbian Exposition Corporation," party of the first part, and the "Board of World's Fair Managers of Kansas," as acting for and on behalf of the state of Kansas, party of the second part: Witnesseth, That in pursuance of an act of the legislature of the state of Kansas, known as house bill 12 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893, No. 83, approved March 4, 1893, the party of the first part does hereby set over and transfer to the party of the second part the following described property, to wit: The building in Jackson Park, Illinois, known as the Kansas World's Fair build- ing, complete according to contract, which is hereto attached, marked exhibit "A," and made a part of this agreement; three fire-insurance policies on said building of five thousand dollars ($5,000) each; all its franchises, leases; and all articles pre- pared or in preparation for exhibition at the World's Fair now in the city of Chi- cago, in the city of Topeka, or elsewhere in the state of Kansas; all books of record, blanks and stationery, and office and other furniture, together with all the property of every description, mentioned or not mentioned, now in possession of the party of the first part. In accordance with the provisions of the act hereinbefore referred to, the party of the second part hereby promises and agrees to accept the transfer herein men- tioned, and pay to the party of the first part the following sums, and for the follow- ing purposes, to wit: Amount due counties and corporations, as per detailed statement attached hereto, marked exhibit B, the sum of ,, $19,097 81 The above amount to remain in the treasury of the state of Kansas, and to be drawn therefrom in accordance with the said act. Outstandinfc notes of said party of the first part, the sum of 10,500 00 Interest on same 131 25 Outstanding warrants of the party of the first part 851 58 Account with Treasurer of the party of the first part overdrawn 322 79 Amount due contractors when Kansas building is complete 100 00 Total $31,003 43 The above amounts to be paid upon completion of the contract. The party of the second part hereby agrees to assume all existing contracts re- quiring the removal of the Kansas building from the grounds at the close of the World's Fair, and the cleaning of the grounds occupied by said building. In Witness Wheeeof, The parties to these presents have hereunto set their hands and seals, the day and year first above written. The Board of Managers, Kansas Exhibit, World's Fair Columbian Exposition Corporation, by • A. S. Johnson, Vice President. [seal.] W. H. Smith, Secretary. The Board of World's Fair Managers of Kansas, by M. W. Cobun, President. Mes. a. M. Clabk, Secretary. Committee from old Board withdrew; and the following resolution by G. W. Glick was adopted : Resolved, That a committee of two be appointed by the chairman to consider the propriety of offering premiums on live stock to Kansas exhibitors, and the amount of such premiums, if any, and the nature of their distribution. President appointed on committee A. P. Collins and G. W. Glick. On March 14, the following resolutions were adopted: Resolved, That the sum of $1,000 be appropriated for the use of the state board having in charge the educational display of the state, upon condition that the said display be completed in the government building and in the Kansas state building according to the plans as agreed to by the old Board; said amounts to be paid from time to time on vouchers duly authorized by the ofl&cers of the state board and ap- proved by this Board. Resolved, That each member of this Board take such steps as are necessary to o a> bft bo a •I— I =j PQ n cS rj (73 CO O ("^ Eh « o o I > Report of the Board of Managers. 13 procnre the exhibits from the different Columbian clubs in their respective congres- sional districts on board cars free, if possible. Resolved, That Commissioner H. H. Kern be directed to take entire charge of and make the display in the agricultural building and in the Kansas state building. That for this purpose the sum of $9,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated with which to make the entire exhibit and all expenses of whatever nature of this date, and until the close of the fair; the removal of the same, all renewals of the same during the season, and all help and other expenses of whatever nature, and that Commissioner Kern is hereby directed not to exceed this amount under any circumstances. That the President and Secretary be author- ized to draw warrants on the Treasurer, from time to time, in such sums as may be required, on proper vouchers approved by H. H. Kern. At the next meeting of the Board the following circular letter was intro- duced by T. J. Anderson and approved by the Board : BoAKD or Woeld's Faib Managees of Kansas, ToPEKA, Kas., March 16, 1893. To the Columbian Clubs and Citizens of Kansas: The Board of World's Fair Managers respectfully submit the following: Settle- ment has been made with the old Board, the property transferred, and payment made as contemplated by the act of the legislature. The work will be taken up where the old Board left off and their plans fully carried out, and we ask the active and earnest cooperation of every Columbian club and every citizen of the state who is interested in putting Kansas to the front at Chicago. The time is very short, and all material and exhibits of every character should be shipped to the Board of World's Fair Managers, Topeka, at once. The legislature appropriated $65,000. Of this amount $19,097.81 remains in the state treasury to reimburse the counties and corporations for the funds advanced by them. The debts of the old Board amounted to $11,905.62. This leaves but $33,966.67 at the disposal of the Board with which to make the entire exhibit. In addition to the display required in the Kansas building, exhibits must be made in the agricultural, horticultural, mining and forestry buildings. In addition to the above, the educational and live-stock interests must be cared for, as well as the State Historical Society, and the very excellent exhibit made by Pro- fessor Dyche, of the State University; transportation to and from Chicago of all ex- hibits; the superintendence and care of the Kansas building and all Kansas exhibits in the main buildings; the expense of the Board, and a thousand and one items of expense impossible now to enumerate. It will be seen at a glance that the ut- most economy will have to be exercised, and to this end all Columbian clubs and others shipping materials for exhibition should if possible relieve this Board of any expense connected with the packing and shipping of exhibits to Topeka. We are greatly in need of wheat, rye, oats, barley, and flax, in the grain, and also in the straw, for decorative purposes. We want ear corn, corn on the stalk, sugar cane, and millet. In conclusion, if you will give your hearty cooperation and prompt assistance, we will make a display that will be a credit to our great state and a joy to every Kansan. Let us hear from you. This was signed by every member of the Board, and the Secretary was instructed to have the letter published in the daily papers of this city ; also, to have 500 copies of same printed and sent to Columbian clubs and indi- viduals throughout the state. At a meeting of the Board, March 21, a resolution was passed permitting 14 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. Wyandotte county to make a display in the Kansas building as a county : provided, that the Board should not be to any expense for same except for transportation to and from Chicago. On March 22, a meeting was held at which the following resolution was adopted : Resolved, That the following sums, or so much as may be necessary, are hereby appropriated for the purposes named, and in no instance shall the sum so appropri- ated be exceeded by the parties placed in charge of the particular exhibit or expen- diture, and no bills of any kind contracted in excess of the amounts named: Provided^ That itemized statements must be certified by them: To Professors Haworth and Williston, of the State University, for the display of Kansas minerals, building stones, salt, etc., as contemplated by the old Board, the sum of $1,500; this sum to include all expense of gathering the exhibit and putting in place in the Kansas building, making plans for the same, superintendence and labor, and all expense incident to the exhibit, with the exception of freight charges to and from Chicago. To Fred. Wellhouse, president of the State Horticultural Society, the sum of $2,000; the above amount to cover all expenses of making the display in the horticultural building and in the Kansas building, and the renewal of the same during the season, superintendence, labor, express charges, and every other item of expense connected with the horticultural display at the World's Fair. To Professor Dyche, for his natural-history exhibit in the Kansas building, the sum of $750; the above sum to include all expense of placing his display in posi- tion, scenery, painting, labor, and superintendence. To the State Historical Society, the sum of $500; this item to include all expense to the Board of whatever nature. To the State Dairy Association, to assist in making a display of the dairy prod- ucts of the state in the dairy building, the sum of $500, this sum to include every item of expense for which this Board will be liable. To the State Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, transportation of their exhibit to and from Chicago. For the woman's department, to be expended under the auspices of the Board, $500, or so much thereof as may be necessary. To F. H. Betton, for the bureau of charities and correction, the necessary print- ing and $100. In accordance with a resolution passed March 4, 1893, A. P. Collins, of Salina, traveled over the fifth district, and by his untiring efforts and energy secured a large number of the finest specimens of cereals and grains exhibited in Jackson Park, and which he has had the satisfaction of knowing have re- ceived many awards. A good many exhibits from the sixth district were secured through cor- respondence, many of which have received awards. H. H. Kern personally superintended the wall decorations in both the Kansas building and the agricultural pavilion, and also the placing of the agricultural exhibits, for the success of which the state is under lasting obli- gations to him. To A. P. Collins is due the entire credit of properly putting up, labeling and cataloguing the grains for competition, and superintending and explaining the exhibits to the thousands who daily thronged the Kansas pavilion, eager to know more of the state that had not only the finest pa- Report of the Board of Managers. 15 vilion in the whole building, but the best collection of grains and vegetables inside of it. He was relieved at times by L. P. King and others. The Board received a car load of corn from the Franklin County Colum- bian Association, which was especially acceptable. Nearly half a car load of grains and grasses was secured from the old Board, and used in decorating the walls of the Kansas building. Corn was bought in the vicinity of Topeka to complete the decorations. Wyandotte county made an exhibit that occupied a large space on the wall of the building. Later in the season, stalks of corn were received from Atchison county, raised by G. W. Glick and S. C. King, and from Cowley county, raised by Thomas A. Coulter, also grasses. Corn was sent by Mr. Fifield, of Washing- ton county, which received special mention in the Chicago Herald. Sheaves of wheat were supplied by Saltne, Dickinson and Riley counties, all of which were properly marked, giving height, time of planting, etc. Their wonderful growth excited much comment on the part of visiting agriculturalists and others, and a number of samples received awards. Thieves were making such inroads into exhibits all over the grounds that, for the better protection of exhibits in the Kansas building, it was deemed advisable to ask for extra guard service in and around the building, but they could not be procured, as there were none that could be spared from other places. There seemed to be an organized band of thieves on the ground, who infested every house and building; losses in some cases running into the thousands of dollars. Detectives were put on their track, and many were ar- rested, but pilfering still continued to more or less extent. On June 12, the question of having exhibits in the state buildings exam- ined for awards came up and was referred to the President of the Board, with instructions that he lay the matter before the national executive commission (of which he was a member) at their next meeting and urge favorable action. The national executive commission appointed a committee of three, of which M. W. Cobun was one, to attend to it. No favorable action was re- ported to us and no examination of exhibits was made in our building, except in the case of Prof L. L. Dyche, who acted independently of the Board and secured an examination of his famous exhibit of American mammals and ob- tained the first medal for the same, and the Santa Fe Railroad Company se- cured an award on its miniature electric train. On July 18, the Board discussed the advisibility of proposing the names of three Kansas gentlemen, well known in grain circles as experts, and compe- tent to judge of agricultural exhibits. They therefore selected the following- named persons: John Brinkman, of Great Bend, J. C. Ford, of Kansas City, and Church White, of Atchison ; and instructed the President to present these names to Hon. John Boyd Thacher, and urgently request the appointment of those gentlemen as judges on agricultural products. The President took the names as instructed and laid them before the chief of the bureau of awards; the aid of our national commissioners was solicited. 16 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. but later on it was found that Kansas had her quota of judges, four of them being on manufactures, one on forestry, and one on machinery, while the agricultural, horticultural, live stock and dairy interests were left to take care of themselves. The fruit crop being almost an entire failure, it was thought for a time that the horticultural exhibit would have to be abandoned, but Judge Well- house, who was in charge of that department, after visiting the principal fruit growers in the state, found he could make a creditable exhibit, and a display was in place in time for " Kansas Week," as was also an excellent display of vegetables from all parts of the state, gathered by the various members of the Board and Kansas editors, who each and all contributed something as their offering. At the same time, Shawnee county sent in a large collection of grains and grasses of the new crop of 1893. The Kansas building having been formall;^ dedicated October 22, 1892, it was deemed advisable to merely throw open the doors to visitors without formal ceremony. The committee on ceremonies had selected September 15 and 16 for "Kansas Days," but, as there had been no formal opening or re- ception up to that date, it was thought best to prolong the festivities from the 11th to the 16th, and to invite the governor and his staff, judges of the supreme court, senators and members of congress, the national guard, the press and the citizens of the state in general to participate in the ceremonies of the week. The Modoc Club was engaged, and prepared some original music that added very much to the success of the week. Marshall's Military Band, of Topeka, was secured to do honor to the week. The George Cook Drum Corps, of Denver, formerly Kansas boys, were at the command of the Board during the entire week. Invitations were extended to the press of Chicago, to all Columbian offi- cials, heads of departments, and to the national, state and foreign commission- ers. An immense platform had been erected at the rear of the building and seats provided for 2,000 people. The proceedings of the week were inaugur- ated with fine selections by Marshall's band, the address of welcome by Hon. M. W. Cobun, President of the Board of Managers, on behalf of the Board, and by Hon. J. R. Burton, on behalf of the national commission ; response by Governor Le welling, which was a masterly and brilliant effort, and highly appreciated by the immense crowd that thronged about the Kansas building. (It is printed in full in the appendix.) An original poem was read by Doctor Roby, of Topeka, which was a grand effort and greeted with overwhelming applause. A few interesting remarks were made by ex-Governor Robinson, the first governor of Kansas. The speeches were interspersed by the songs of the Modoc Club on the beautiful Sunfloiver State. Refreshments to invited guests were served every day of the week; and Thursday, press day, the multitudes were fed. Each day was furnished witli a programme that was successfully carried out. In addition to the reg- ular programme, Miss Mitchell sang "The Liberty Bell" (her own composi- tion) in a charming manner. The De Moss family, the "Lyric Bards of yi.— Interior of East Wing— Kansas Building. (Page 21.) 3 Report of the Board of Managers. 17 America," who compose all their own words and music, gave Kansas, Bright Sunflower State, in a manner that elicited hearty applause. The Hon. Grin- linton, royal commissioner from Ceylon, sent over a band of his natives to give the celebrated court dances in the Kansas parlors, in honor of the oc- casion. Commissioners from every state and nation called during the week :o pay their respects to Kansas. During the week the building was gaily decorated with flags and banners bearing the statistics of the crops of 1892. Other events of the week were the procession on Thursday and the Friday night program at festival hall, at which the Modocs and speakers did honor to Kansas, and especially Mrs. Lease, who became her own rival in eloquence. From first to last it was a grand success, and the guests had a pleasing impression of Kansas and her hospitable people. On September 20, the sum of $200 was appropriated to assist the Kansas Columbian Poultry Association to make an exhibit at the World's Fair, to be paid only on condition that they make a creditable display. The poultry men who contemplated making the exhibit had made a creditable display at the state fair, and had arranged to bring their birds from Topeka to the World's Fair, but unforeseen difiiculties prevented them from making the exhibit. From October 24, voluntary bids for the removal of the Kansas building came in daily. Many were not flattering from a financial standpoint, but as the fair was drawing to a close it was necessary to make some arrangement for the disposal of the building. By far the largest bid received was the sale of the building at $200, the contracting parties agreeing to remove it and leave the grounds in good condition. Although the above may seem a very low figure, it was in fact a good bargain, as many of the commissioners of other states were glad to make a present of their buildings for the removal of the same. The Board authorized H. H. Kern to sell and dispose of all property, articles and exhibits that were not to be returned to this state, and to make a full and itemized report to the Board, and to take charge and full control of all Kansas exhibits, property and articles placed in the charge or custody of this Board, and to have the same properly packed and shipped to Topeka ; and for this purpose he was authorized to employ persons to aid and assist him in doing said work, and to close the Kansas building at the close of the fair. It had been the intention of the Board to have the grains and grasses used for exhibits sent to Topeka, to be placed in the museum in the agricul- tural rooms, but as Professor Riley, entomologist of the United States depart- ment of agriculture, had ofiicially announced that all grains, grasses and cereals on exhibition at the Columbian Exposition were affected or likely to be affected by weevil and other noxious insects, and that, if the exhibits were distributed over the country, the noxious insects would also be distrib- uted to the injury and damage of our agricultural interests, as a matter of —2 18 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. prudence and safety, it was deemed advisable that no grains, grasses or straw should be shipped to Kansas. The matter of securing that part of the mineral exhibit belonging to private parties, for reproduction in the state capitol, was placed in the hands of H. H. Kern, with authority to arrange with the owners to convey their interests in the exhibits, both in ore and metal, to the state. In this, Mr. Kern was successful, as the parties were willing, even anxious, that their ex- hibits should be reproduced at the state capitol. Volumes on the horticultural industry of the state; pamphlets on the ag- riculture and on the mineral resources; also pamphlets by Professor Hay, on the geology and mineral resources; a neat volume, the "Columbian His- tory of Education in Kansas ; " a pamphlet by the State Agricultural Col- lege; a dainty souvenir by the State University, containing cuts of Professor Dyche's exhibit; and booklets descriptive of the northwestern part of the state were distributed.* To Kansas was accredited the honor of dis- tributing the most practical books descriptive of her resources of any state at the exposition. Taking into consideration the vast number given out, it will be readily seen that visitors were eager to learn more of Kansas. Five large registration books were filled with names of visitors, while thousands of visitors left the building without registering, tired of waiting for a chance; after the exhibit in the Kansas building had been fairly inaugu- rated, the attendance was 10,000 to 12,000 daily; and, during the last two months of the fair, the attendance reached 18,000 to 20,000 daily; and during Kansas week the building was crowded to suffocation. *The Missouri Pacific railroad furnished thousands of copies of a small book entitled "Kansas," descriptive of the state in general and of the country along the route of this railway in particular. They were gotten up in an attractive manner and were eagerly picked up by the visitors anxious to know more of our state. The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad kept on hand constantly a large supply of their pam- phlets, combining a time table with a description of the state. The other railroads making exhibits in the building distributed large quantities of their pamphlets (see description of Missouri, Kansas & Texas and Santa Fe railroads' exhibits). Kansas Building. The Kansas state building was located near Fifty-seventh street, the main entrance, on State avenue. The plan was cruciform. It was composite in style of architecture, spacious and commodious, the third in size on the grounds, a two-story building, all but the annex, with quadrangular roof rising to a central elliptical-shaped dome, over which towered the flagstaff. Height of cupola, 58 feet, diameter, 80x40 feet, flooding the entire exhibit with a most pleasingly-diflused light. Broad stairways, leading to the gal- leries overlooking the exhibits, gave access to the ladies' and school depart- ments. Over the arched doorway of the main entrance were representations of grain, and "Kansas State Building" in black and gold letters, while just below it, over the arch, were the words in lettering of corn, " Welcome to all States and Nations" South and to the left of the main entrance, in the sec- ond story, was the great seal of the state in stucco. A broad balcony, over- looking the entire exposition, extended from the ladies' parlor to the extreme southeast corner of the building. It was well lighted with high windows ; in the lower story in the Moresque style, in the upper story in Grecian. The main exhibition hall was 134 feet 10 inches by 48 feet, well adapted for the display of the large exhibit it contained. Crowning the southwest corner was a quadrangular-shaped observatory, terminating in an oval dome surmounted by a staff*, from which floated the American flag. A broad ve- randa semi-surrounded this lookout. The annex to the building was especially designed for the natural-history exhibit, in connection with which it will be fully described. The building varied from the uniform white to a shade of corn color, emblematic of the staple product of the state, and was covered with staff*, or stucco. The cost of this building was between $22,000 and $23,000. Seymour Davis was the architect, and Fellows & Vansant the contractors, all of To- peka. In front and to the left, as you enter the building, under the shade of a spreading elm tree, stood the Hutchinson fountain, a perfect representation of an ear of corn half stripped of its husk, carved from magnesia limestone, monumental of the enterprise of the noble ladies of Hutchinson, who had worked faithfully to have their town and county well represented at the great exposition. Flanking the side entrances, and facing the great thoroughfare which led (19) 20 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. past the building, stood two gigantic pyramids of coal, from the state mines at Lansing. A mammoth piece of rock salt from Lyons, weighing 5,000 pounds, lay in front of the building. Decoration of First or Main Floor. Ranged on either side of the vestibule, as you entered the Kansas build- ing, were sheaves of wheat, corn, and other products of 1893. Stepping from the vestibule into the main hall, the simple, commodious arrangement of the building impressed itself upon the visitor; on every side utility was joined with beauty, resulting in a pleasing sense of the fitness of things to the purpose for which they were designed. Immediately to the right, after entering, was the waiting room, through which visitors on official business were ushered into the private offices of the Board of Managers. From the center of the ceiling in the hall, a beautiful canopy, constructed of grains and bronzed cane seeds, shaded a hanging basket with trailing vines and scarlet geranium blossoms, giving a homelike air to the building, which was fully justified by the crowds that thronged about the various points of interest. To the right of the arched doorway leading into the main or ground-floor exhibit was the stairway leading to the gentlemen's parlor, the reading room, and the educational exhibit. The stairway on the left led directly into the ladies' parlor, the historical room, and the woman's art rooms. On either side of the door in the hall were large pictures, one representing the Kansas stock yards, at Kansas City, Kas. ; and the other a representation of the Armour Packing Company's works, at the same place. Pausing for a moment under the arch, the visitor beheld a unique liberty bell, made, not of metal, but of soft grasses, golden grain, and bronzed cane seeds, lined with the downy tufts of milkweed in various coloi's. The clapper or tongue was a golden ear of corn, 15 inches in length — corn, the keynote, the dominant chord in the chromatic scale of color used in the decoration of the Kansas building. With what marvelous eflfect it was combined and inter- woven can be but faintly portrayed by words. The concave arch of the en- trance was lined with lattice work of stripped wheat, that was also introduced in various ways in other parts of the building. Around the great archway was a double row of upright ears of corn edged with bearded wheat. The spandrels on either side of the door were composed of husks, flanked by scroll work of wheat. Several tones of red, grading down from a rich dark-velvety red to a tint of rose color, formed the background for the decorations. These shades blended exquisitely with the kernels, husks and cobs of corn, as well as with the grains, seeds, stalks and grasses utilized in designs. As, in Egyptian art, the waves of the Nile in the form of curves and scrolls, and the bud, leaf \'III.— CrKAiN Decoration — Kansas Building. exhibit. (Page 22.) C. K. I. & P. Railway Report of the Board of Managers. 21 and blossom of the lotus in highly-conventionalized forms, may be traced, so in the Kansas building the sunflower seemed to be the motive of design. The coloring in the background was similar, if not identical, to that made use of by the people who dwelt in the rich valley of the Nile. One of the many beautiful designs was an immense sunflower, from which rays formed of small sheaves of stripped wheat of diflferent lengths radiated, the bearded ears form- ing a tufted center about the flower. A little further on, a semicircle, con- structed in the same manner, formed a beautiful picture of the rising sun. Those two designs appeared at intervals around the building on the lower and upper floors. Rosettes of alfalfa, corn tassels and broom corn were util- ized in many pleasing designs. The frieze was composed of rosettes of circu- lar sections of corn, encircled by bearded wheat, united in a running design by delicate sprays of white flowers, the petals of which were cut from corn husks. The lower edge of the border was composed of links formed of oats, and the upper of loops or festoons. Small, upright sheaves made a substan- tial wainscoting. Stars, anchors, chains and compasses w^ere frequently in- troduced. The scroll w^ork was perhaps the most elaborate feature in the decoration. Spiral curves of wheat, seeds and corn furnished some of the finest specimens of Moorish art. Another masterpiece of what can be achieved with ears of corn as the only material employed was an oblong panel in mosaic of different colors of corn used in horizontal sections. No tiling could be more effective. Above it were rosettes of mill-stained wheat and festoons of bearded wheat caught up with circular sections of corn used as rosettes, while bunches of wheat were used as tassels. A shield, composed of grains and grasses, was introduced as a new feature, on the east wall. A ship, with sails composed of oats, and the hull of cane seeds, redtop, and other wild grasses, made a pretty marine scene. The massive frame of sections of corn in zigzag style represented a frame of light wood. A reminder of the olden times, before which many an old pioneer paused, was a prairie schooner, on the north wall, to the right of the natural-history exhibit. This historic piece bore the inscriptions, "Bound for Kansas," "Lighthouse of the World." The canvas top was made of grains, and the wheels of cane seeds and reddish native grasses. The horses were also formed of seeds and grain, as delicately shaded as if done by an artist's brush. A frame of ears of corn and scroll work of kernels of corn and grain furnished a setting for the piece. Over the rustic posts made to represent pine trees, that will be spoken of in connection with the natural-history exhibit, were the mounted heads of deer, moose, and buffalo. Nothing could surpass the exhibit of Wyandotte county. The lettering on a background of blue in white kernels of wheat, introduced between elab- orate sections of scroll work, was the finest piece of the kind to be seen at the fair ; for example : " Compliments of Wyandotte County," " The Gateway of 22 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. the West," "Number of Cars of Grain Inspected in 1892, 75,411," "Kansas City, Kas., Second Largest Packing Industry in the World," made an ele- gant bulletin board in a maze of elaborate designing. In a circle, to the right of this scroll work and lettering, was the head of a hog in circular frame of corn; to the left, the head of a sheep; in the cen- ter, the head of a steer. The material used in these designs was generally American millet, the tufts of which are peculiarly adapted for making artistic designs; redtop and cane seed put in the finishing touches. "KANSAS" was in relief lettering; between each letter was a semicircle of bearded wheat; on either side of the word double links of oats were pend- ing. Fringes of grasses and serpentine curves were also introduced into this fine piece of work. A graceful swan gave an air of repose to the scene, and the "Santa Marie," with its hull formed of cane seeds, its anchor of redtop and its compass the sunflower, formed pleasing pictures. Throughout, the harmony of coloring was preserved, no incongruous shades being introduced, thus preserving the unit of design as well as the tone of the composition. On the left of the south wall a yacht, anchor, links and miniature sheaves of wheat, with scroll and serpentine waves, with sunflower and its rays of wheat, constituted the decorations on the west side. At regular intervals on every side, a large, concentric, five-pointed star, of grains and kernels of corn, was introduced. On the left side of the south entrance, "Brer Rabbit" sat upon his haunches under sheaves of grain. We find ourselves again at the arched doorway, and now ascend the stair- way to the right a few steps, bringing us into the open court on the second floor, in front of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Exhibit. The decorations were symbolic of the magnitude and facilities of the road : an immense globe, with the great railway delineated in kernels of corn, placed on an azure square representing the blue ether of space. Between the circles is the lettering, of circular sections of corn, the word "Great" in the north temperate zone, "Rock Island" in the tropic, and "Route" in the south tem- perate zone. A circle of ponpons of milkweed, and another of circular sec- tions of corn with tufts of wheat, form the circumference of the globe. In the upper right-hand corner on the blue field is the word " Chicago ; " on the up- per left-hand, "Omaha;" on the lower right, "Kansas City;" on the lower left, "Denver." On either side, black panels, with white corn lettering and scroll work. To the right is "Vestibule, Gas-lighted, Solid Trains." To the left, "Chair Cars, Pullman Sleepers, and Dining Cars." In the northeast corner, over the doorway coming out of the educational department, the decorations were especially pleasing. An undulating or wav- ing design, on either side of a zigzag border around the door, was finished by fans of wheat spreading out from the ears, which were held in place by cir- Report of the Board of Managers. 23 cular sections of corn. Above this was a fine border of fans made of ears of corn and sections of corn; and still above this the transverse serpentine scroll work of ears of corn, with large rosettes of corn formed of whole ears of corn graduating towards the left, finished the decoration of the corner. On the right of the educational exhibit, looking upon Professor Dyche's mammals, an ox with branching horns, in a semicircle of wheat and slanting sheaves below, made an appropriate introduction. The heavy rosette border of corn, with double pending links of circular sections of corn, formed the frieze over the exhibit. In the center the word "Kansas," with fans of wheat between the lettering, was placed just below the frieze. Portieres of stripped oats were draped and looped up between the posts, while the posts themselves were trimmed with small sheaves of grain artistically bound with red bands. In the northwest corner was the fine display of Blue Rapids, the lettering being of small pieces of gypsum on a peacock-blue panel of plush, and the inscriptions: "Best Water Power in 400 Miles;" "Gypsum that Makes the Best Plaster Paris." Below this was a model showing the Blue River dam, mills, bridge, etc., which was made for the Woman's Columbian Club of that town, by Miss Putnam, of Salina. On a pedestal to the left of this model was a fine bust of Columbus, donated by the Blue Rapids Plaster Company, H. O. Fowler, secretary. The pedestal consisted of three horizontal blocks, the first of limestone, the second, magnesia, and the third, gypsum. Old gold drapery was used to set ofl^ the exhibit. A fine panel painted on pea- cock-blue plush, with golden rod and a spray of apple blossoms, on which were perched birds of paradise, completed the exhibit of this city. f The great Rock Island had a map, on an oblong block of dark blue, on the west side of the building, outlining their route in letters composed of circu- lar sections of corn, the same style as the lettering on the great globe directly opposite. On the lower right-hand corner was the name of John Sebastian, general passenger agent, and on the left E. St. John, general manager, while underneath it, on a strip of red, was the name of W. I. Allen, assistant general manager. On the southwest corner was a painting in distemper showing the Parkin- son sugar works. Fort Scott, and an oil painting of the United States cavalry and artillery post. Fort Riley ; also some fine instantaneous photographs show- ing men at work in the Baudera flagstone quarries, Redfield, Kas.; and photographs of scenery on the line of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas railroad. On the upper floor the frieze was more massive, representing solid relief designs, the eflect being that of the bas-relief figures seen on specimens of Egyptian and Assyrian friezes. The ears of corn were placed obliquely and finished with fans of wheat. On the south wall, triangles and links pending from them, resembling the square and compass of the Masonic order, were used with the fan-like border. Fans in every conceivable form were interspersed with trellis work, and the small bunches of wheat and oats used were bound with blue bands. Large designs of millet and bearded wheat were used also. 24 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. Around the open elliptical court a perfect train of miniature electric cars was running, that whistled as it stopped at different stations along the route of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad. Globes filled with grain rep- resented the products of the region. This novel exhibit attracted crowds of spectators, and added greatly to the attractions of the building. Beautiful panels with designs formed of grains were ranged around the court. The 14 pillars or columns supporting the dome were decorated with lattice work, formed of small bunches of wheat, small upright sheaves hiding the edges. Fringed draperies of wheat were looped up between the columns at the base of the dome. Just above the columns were some fine paintings, representing fields of waving grain, orchards and meadows, winding rivers and wooded ravines, with here and there a comfortable farmhouse, with its barns and picturesque surroundings. Above, the dome was composed of glass, for the purpose of lighting the building. The Kansas coat of arms, surrounded by wild roses and sunflowers, made a beautiful center. At the base of the dome, on oblong tablets at the eastern and western extremi- ties, were the statistics of wheat and corn: "Winter wheat, 70,035,380 bush- els; spring wheat, 4,502,926; total, 79,338,906 bushels. Corn, 138,658,021 bushels. Crop of 1892." Exhibits on Lower Floor. Directly on entering the main exhibit, the visitor's attention was arrested by a Chinese pagoda, 20 feet in height and 12 feet in diameter, elaborately decorate on the arching canopy with scroll work in various designs, the black background throwing it out in bold relief. The four bases, upon which the 16 massive cylindrical glass columns filled with wheat and oats that supported the roof rested, were solid blocks of grain inclosed in native black walnut, with circular windows through which the cereals with which they were filled could be seen. Large glass jai*s filled with wheat and oats, that forcibly impressed upon visitors the wonderful fer- tility of the soil of our state, stood on the recesses of the bases. In the cen- ter rested a bunch of giant cornstalks, 16 feet in height, grown in 1893, by James A. Coulter, of Cowley county, that just touched the floral bell that hung from the center of the ceiling of the pagoda, lending a touch of beauty and color to the novel creation. Lattice work of stripped bearded wheat lined the interior of the canopy, and bleoded well with the red. The exterior edges were fringed with slender sheaves of wheat; between the columns, at the base, were glass globes also filled with grain, and, as a finishing touch, the whole was crowned with huge sheaves of wheat. To the right of the pagoda was a collossal pyramid of receding shelves, on which were ranged glass globes filled with grains and seeds, a duplicate of which was placed in the agricultural pavilion, in connection with which they will be mentioned in detail; also, glass globes filled with Kansas soil from the diflerent counties of the state. The apex was a shock of golden sheaves ^^ ^^' ^ o .. 1 •i '• • J 1 > J o • © 1 %% j „.^"*iS;0 f t i _.js; eloo,, ^^8 io "a 'oo, ^'l^NO-Q. - ® •■ .•P--f...:g .•• IX.— Wall Decoration — Kansas Building. Map of C. R. I. & P. Railway system. (Page 23.) 1 O O H m o o d H k! a I— I td P CO P CO w ►— • O P Oq CD ^^ t>9 Report of the Board of Managers. 25 of wheat, resting upon ledges of upright ears of yellow corn ; the base was surrounded by upright sheaves of grains and grasses. The dimensions of the pyramid were 20 feet from apex to base, and 15 feet in diameter. To the left was a huge gray pyramid built up entirely of vertical sheaves of wheat, oats, millet, flax, alfalfa, milo-maize, and Kaffir corn. Not less than a dozen difierent products composed the great pile, a monument to the wealth and re- sources of the state of Kansas. The total height was 20 feet, with a diame- ter of 12 feet. In the northeast part of the first floor was a pyramid representing a flower garden, the walks made of small shells and seeds; the design was novel and pleasing. Heaped up in the northeast corner was a mammoth pile of rock salt from the great salt beds of Lyons, representing an area of 40 by 60 miles^ with an average depth of 350 feet. Near by on tables were glass jars of salt from Hutchinson, Lyons, and other points, 99to*o per cent. pure. In the northwest corner was another pyramid of sheaves standing upright, belonging to the Wyandotte county exhibit. In this pyramid 50 different varieties of native grains and grasses, cultivated and wild, were utilized Near was a great bell of .oats and another pyramid of receding shelves, simi- lar to the one already mentioned, belonging also to this exhibit. Tables in front of the exhibit displayed glass jars of canned fruits. The fountain was a happy illustration of how use and beauty may be combined. In the center, a tall stalk of blossoming sunflowers was visible from every part of the build- ing. At every drinking basin (of which there were eight) that circled around it, little prairie dogs sat on their haunches ready to act as a reception com- mittee, assisted by long-eared jack rabbits, inviting visitors to "Come and drink with the boys and girls of Kansas." At each basin were two silver cups, presented by different cities of Kansas. The idea was originated by Mrs. Kate Smeed Cross and the ladies of Emporia ; they were assisted finan- cially by the school children of the state. The horticultural exhibit spread out over eighteen tables 6 by 2 J feet. On each were ranged 32 plates of the finest specimens of apples grown in any state in the union. They proved too tempting, for many a visitor lingered sus- piciously long about the tables, which extended from the drinking fountain to the silk exhibit, near the arched entrance. As this exhibit was duplicated in the horticultural building, it will be mentioned more fully in connection with that exhibit. The silk exhibit, from the silk station, at Peabody, will also receive full descriptive mention elsewhere. H. H. Kern, of the Board of World's Fair Managers, from Bonner Springs, whose reputation as a designer and grain decorator was established long before the World's Fair was thought of, has fully justified Governor Lewelling in appointing him to this position, and of the Board of Managers in placing him in charge of mural decorations and the agricultural exhibit, thus saving many hundreds of dollars to the state, as well as putting Kansas foremost in the agricultural exhibit, and also in point of decoration. 26 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. Silk Exhibit. This magnificent exhibit was installed in two large cases 2 by 6 feet each, and one upright case. The case on the right held large, rich, yellow cocoons and skeins of twisted silk, which filled the case entirely ; the one on the left was filled with skeins of silk, silk just from the reel, put up in an attractive manner, cocoons, worms, etc.; while the upright case between the two con- tained delicate ropes of silk, strings of cocoons artistically festooned, yellow and white silk just from the reel, silken flowers, and spools of Kansas silk thread manufactured by Belding Bros. Experts pronounced it to be by far the best and most complete silk exhibit displayed at the exposition. Silk men of New York city inquired whether there was any in the market, remarking that the quality was equal to if not superior to any of their importations. The Chinese and Japanese royal commissioners examined the exhibit and desired samples of same, which were presented them, the favor being highly appreciated. The attention of the world has been directed to the Kansas silk industry, which will now increase a hundred fold ; an industry which offers many in- ducements,' and to women in particular, who may take up this occupation in addition to their household duties, thereby increasing their exchequer materi- ally. There is no reason why silk and its manufacture should not in the near future be one of the leading industries of the state. State Normal School Exhibit. Although the State Normal School had no special fund from which to de- fray the expenses of an exhibit, $500 was used from the incidental fund for that purpose. From the first, it was agreed that no show work of any kind should be attempted, but that the regular work of the classes should be sub- mitted, with such little additional touches as would make it presentable to the public. Though in some lines the temptation to devote much time to the preparation of material was great, the exhibit, as a whole, but fairly repre- sented the regular class work of the institution. The department of English submitted several bound volumes of manu- script work in grammar, rhetoric, rhetorical criticism, and English literature. The department of drawing submitted a variety of lines of original designs in water color, pencil drawing, charcoal, and painting, together with a full line of clay models and casts in plaster Paris. The department of physics, chemistry and physiology submitted a collec- tion of apparatus made by students, illustrating the simple as well as the more complex devices used in the department. It also submitted dissections of the lungs, brain, eyes, ears, blood vessels, etc. The department of natural history submitted several mounted skeletons^ stuffed birds, drawings in structural botany, etc., etc. Report of the Board of Managers. 27 The department of penmanship and bookkeeping, full sets of plate books, specimens of work, completed sets in bookkeeping, commercial forms, etc. The department of mathematics, geometrical forms for class use, blue prints of the Normal grounds, elevations of campus, etc. The classes in geography submitted a variety of relief and outline maps ; the classes in history, manuscript work, and a variety of homemade articles illustrating certain periods of United States history. The model school was represented almost entirely by the work from the kindergarten and primary classes. A very comprehensive line of geometric forms, fancy boxes, paper novelties, mounted grasses, etc., filled one entire section of the case. Outlines and plans of work from the training department were submitted in bound volumes. A full line of photographs and bromids, giving views of the interior and of classes, together with several minor devices, added to the general make-up and interest of the exhibit. There were several books on the tables, the authors of which are members of the faculty or graduates of the institution. The fine, large cases in which most of the exhibit was placed added much to the excellence of the display. The school filled one case on the first floor of the Kansas building, and oc- cupied a space 10 by 20 feet in the section of the liberal arts building assigned for the Kansas educational exhibit. State Agricultural College Exhibits. In the Kansas building, to the right of the main entrance, two cases, each 10 feet square on the floor, contained a general exhibit of the work in all de- partments where students' work is available, or where the results of experi- ments have general interest. Specimens of iron- and woodwork, of cooking and sewing, of printing and drawing, were arranged in various ways, and col- lections of insects and plants showed some of the methods of study. Many frames showed varieties of grains tested in the experiment station, displayed very satisfactorily between glass plates and in tubes. Bottles of beans, peas and corn served a similar purpose, and a case of Japanese soy beans gives "stalks and all" for this new forage crop. One chart showed distinctly the at- tendance at college from all the counties of Kansas, and another gave the location of the 80 or 100 farmers' institutes held by the college during the past 10 years. Numerous photographs, more than 200, showed every phase of the college work and life, as well as the beautiful grounds and commodious buildings. A clear presentation of the course of study, as represented in each department, gave to the expert an idea of its characteristic development. In the general educational exhibit for Kansas, occupying space in the gallery of the liberal arts building, this college had a display of educational character solely, more exactly descriptive of system and method than that in the Kansas building. An exact presentation of the relative importance of each department of instruction in the general scheme was given by wall charts with photographs attached. Samples of the work in the industrial training 28 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. of all sorts, and of the problems solved there, as well as collections in natural history, gave tests of accomplishment, while volumes of drawings showed the exact results of training at each stage of progress. Four albums filled with photographs gave to one who studied them a full presentation of the place, its buildings, apparatus, faculty, and students, as well as its surroundings in city and country. Complete sets of the catalogues, the biennial reports, and the Industrialist, neatly bound, were there for consultation. The Columbian his- tory of the college, prepared by Professor Walters, and the annual catalogue for 1892-93, were ready for distribution to all specially interested visitors. In the agricultural building, this college had no small share in the general exhibit of Kansas, though no effort had been made to distinguish the speci- mens of grain and forage plants furnished by the college. A large variety of onions from the experiments of this year attracted attention during the months of September and October. There was in the same building an ad- mirable exhibit of the agricultural colleges and experiment stations of the United States, prepared under the auspices of the American association. In that exhibit our Kansas college had a prominent part. The horticultural department of the station was under the direction of Professor Popenoe, and showed especially the station work in varieties of grapes and of pears, and the grape exhibit was as good in its line as anything shown. The woman's work in these colleges was collected and arranged under Mrs. Kedzie's direction, and gave a natural prominence to the departments of cooking and sewing as leaders in these lines of training. Other departments, chemical, agricultural, veterinary and botanical especially, contributed to this interesting exhibit, and general views of buildings, faculty and students were displayed. The horticultural building received a beautiful show of varieties of grapes grown this season at the experiment station. Magic-lantern views of this college's work have been chosen for illustrat- ing lectures upon agricultural education by the United States department of agriculture, and sets of its publications were filed for publication in the ex- hibit. The United States commissioner of education gave in his exhibit in the government building a fair place to this college for its publications and photographic views. The same building contained work of graduates of this college in the division of entomology and vegetable pathology, both of which attracted attention by their excellent arrangement. It is proper to note that this college presented at the Columbian Exposi- tion its work, and not its collections or apparatus. Nothing was taken from the working facilities of the college for the display. Every class room, labora- tory, cabinet, museum and shop was in perfect order at the college, and was but slightly enriched when the matter shown at Chicago was returned. Many in- stitutions presented an extensive array of their apparatus and collections, de- priving themselves of their use for a year, but from the Kansas Agricultural College a single case borrowed from the mineralogical museum represented the only article of this kind. The cost of these exhibits, including all expenses for transportation, in- XL — Interior of South Wing, first floor — Kansas Building. (Page 22.) Report of the Board of Managers. 29 stallation, etc., was not far from $3,000. The value of the exhibits after re- turn was less than one-third this amount. The actual cost of the college work in the exposition is fairly represented by $2,000 in cash ; but the time and energy given by the college authorities cannot be measured. Deaf and Dumb Institute Exhibit. One of the most interesting exhibits was that of the deaf and dumb in- stitute. Three departments of the work were represented: The industrial, the artistic and the regular class-room work. A handsome sideboard will be re- ferred to in the woman's department, and in the southwest corner of the main floor a unique show case, the work of the pupils, contained a set of handsome buggy harness, two pairs of shoes, lady's linen waist, two pairs of hose, several pieces of fine fancy work, and samples of job printing. The work compared very favorably with that of any other exhibit in the building. A large oak stand, with inclined surface, on which were displayed photographs of boys baking rolls, loaves, pies, and cakes ; paintings from ob. jects, oranges on a plate, yellow roses, also a fine piece of crayon, and a small landscape in oil; pamphlets of examination papers, and a neatly bound vol- ume of the Kansas Star, edited by the pupils. At the top was an album, swinging on a pivot, which contained pictures of the school buildings and of different interior views, showing pupils at work. Among other things was a statistical chart, giving, in addition to a description of the school, value of the buildings, $200,000 ; average per capita running expenses past 10 years, per annum, $186.89; enrollment of students since established, 716; enroll- ment of students in attendance, 1892 and 1893, 262. The board of trustees are: Mrs. Mary E. Lease, president; W. T. Yoe, secretary; W. S. AVaite, treasurer; H. B. Kelly; M. A. Householder. The exhibits were duplicated in the liberal arts building. The art work proper compared most favorably with that exhibited in the woman's room. A very pretty water color, of roses, by Clara L. Eddy, was much admired; as was also a child's head, particularly well done, by the same artist. Among this creditable collection were several pieces from still life, very well done, landscapes and life studies. Great credit is due to Professor Walker, the past president of the institution, for this practical and artistic display. State University Exhibit of NoVth American Mammals. Some of the objects of making the exhibit might be very briefly stated, as follows: (1) To awaken a more general interest and teach valuable lessons on the natural history of North American mammals. (2) To show how taxi- dermic and museum work is done at the University. (3) To show something (in one line only) of the many valuable natural-history collections owned by the University. (4) To show a collection from Kansas which many people from different parts of the country have seen fit to call one of the very best 30 Kansas at the World's Fair, 189S. in the world. (5) To add a feature of special scientific interest to our Kan- sas state building. That some of these objects have been accomplished, at least in part, is evidenced from the fact that over 20 columns of matter, with illustrations, were published in standard scientific magazines on the exhibit after it reached Jackson park. In addition to the above, not less than 50 columns have appeared during the same period of time in the newspapers of the country. Pages of most favorable comment might be quoted, but we will make two or three short quotations suffice to show how people away from home received the exhibit. Unloaded in front of the Kansas building on the Columbian Exposition grounds is one of the most remarkable exhibits that will be seen at the great fair. This is the natural history display made by the Kansas University. It will be no unusual occurrence during the next six months to have some writer for the newspapers say that the greatest exhibit to be seen has just been shipped from some point, but the above expression, that the Kansas University exhibit is "one of the most remark- able," is used advisedly. — From a three-column article in the Inter -Ocean, December, 1892. In the north wing of the Kansas building is one of the most remarkable exhibits to be seen at the great fair. I refer to the natural history display made by the Kan- sas University. — From, whole-page illustrated article in the Scientific American, July 15, 1893. The exhibit of mounted animals in the Kansas state building is considered by thousands of people to be the most interesting show on the grounds. It has from the very first day of the fair attracted large crowds of enthusiastic admirers. — World's Columbian Exposition Illustrated, two-page illustrated article, September, 1893. The exhibit was installed in an annex especially designed and arranged for it, which formed the north wing of the Kansas building. The general shape of the annex was that of a semicircle, with a depth from north to south of 60 feet, and a width, or frontage, from east to west of 88 feet, which joined the annex to the main building. The outside walls of the annex were 20 feet high, and a roof with rather a steep pitch added several feet more to the height of the interior. Light was admitted from skylights in the roof, and was so managed by curtains that the effect was very similar to that in a well-lighted art gallery. The exhibit comprised 121 specimens of large North American mammals, ranging in size from prairie dogs, jack rabbits, and foxes, to elks, moose, and buffaloes. The animals of the exhibit were arranged in groups, and usually in families, represented by old anc^ young specimens, showing as many char- acteristics of the species as possible. The groups of animals were arranged upon an artificial groundwork. The outside or surface of this so-called groundwork was modeled out of papier-mache, a composition made in this case out of Kansas wheat-straw pulp and plaster of Paris, plus a little glue. Many people thought that the artificial groundwork was "staff," a composi- tion so commonly used in the construction of things at the fair, which is nothing more than a mixture of some fiber, as hemp, and plaster of Paris. Such was not the case. The papier-mache composition mentioned above was Report of the Board of Managers. 31 used, and out of it Professor Dyche and his assistants, E. D. Eames, W. W. Wyland, and J. C. Saunders, modeled the landscape on which the various ani- mals stood. Out of their love for the business and their desire to see the exhibit pro- nounced a success at the World's Fair, these gentlemen worked with an en- ergy and enthusiasm which deserve special mention. For the construction of the groundwork above mentioned, a skeleton or core was made from rough lumber. On this rough framework rocky crags were modeled, over 20 feet high in some places, for such animals as mountain goats and sheep; swampy ground with water holes and moss-covered ground for moose, and grassy plains for wolves, antelopes, and buffaloes. The large trees, old logs and stumps were all modeled of the same material. It seemed almost impossible, however, to convince visitors that these were artificial and not real things. On many occasions parties of ladies and'gentlemen were ad- mitted to examine the structures for themselves. The groundwork as finished represented a great variety of contour ; it was made up of a great many little landscape scenes, such as woodlands, swamps, grassy plains and plateaus, rocky hillsides and mountain crags, each with its characteristic plants, and all blended into one complete whole. The entire picture was made to represent a scene in the early fall; the leaves of the trees had taken on rich hues, and many had fallen to the ground; much of the grass had ripened, but there were some green spears, and now and then a green bunch in the brown matting. The water plants and the mosses had just begun to show touches of reddish brown and yellow. This is the time of the year when animals are most handsome ; they are in good flesh and good spirits, and their hair is sleek and glossy. The general effect of this landscape scene was heightened and rendered more beautiful and realistic by a scenic painting which extended the wood- lands and prairies as far as the eye cared to look. The effect of the whole was much the same as that of a panorama. The deception was so good that many people asked every day whether or not this, that or the other animal was real or just painted. ARRANGEMENT OF THE EXHIBIT. For convenience of description the exhibit may be divided into two parts. The first part consisted of a series of groups which extended entirely around the outer edge of the semicircle a space from 10 to 15 feet in width. This was separated from the central space on which the remaining groups were placed by an irregular walk or ground path from three to five feet in width. This path was not open to the general public, but many persons who were specially interested were invited inside of the rustic pole fence and given op- portunity to examine the exhibit critically. The conduct of the general mass of the people was surprisingly good, but the exceptional individual would occasionally come along. Experience soon 32 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. taught that, on account of this exceptional person, it would not do to admit more people than could be conducted by guides in parties. Common Deer (Cervus virginianus). — The first group or family (begin- ning at the left on the outside series) was represented by five Virginia com- mon white-tail or long-tail deer. There were three bucks in the group — an old one, taken in the early fall, when his neck was slender and his coat smooth and glossy ; another old fellow represented a buck as bucks look in Novem- ber, when their necks are much enlarged, thick and heavy for fighting, and the hair long, thick, and shaggy looking ; the third buck was a young one two years old, with his first antlers, each bearing two points. An old doe in her brownish-red summer dress and her small, six-weeks-old spotted fawn completed this group. The animals, as arranged, stood in a rather low piece of ground next to the moose swamp; old logs and dead snags, with such grasses and leaf-bearing bushes as these animals like to feed upon, were ar- ranged in the groundwork. American Moose Deer (Cervus alces). — The moose was second in the series, following around the outer tier of groups from left to right. The family consisted of seven animals, headed by a giant bull ; this animal stands almost seven feet in height. He was not only by far the largest moose on exhibi- tion at Jackson park, and, so far as known, the largest specimen of the kind in existence, but he was the largest native, wild, North American terrestrial mammal representing a living species at the fair. This moose specimen at- tracted much attention ; his great size and his unique form, his great head with its peculiar nose and widespread palmated horns, were continually commented upon. Another feature in this group which proved to be of great interest to visitors was an old cow moose riding down a small birch tree, in order that her twin calves could browse upon the leaves and tender branches. Back of the old cow moose was a two-year-old cow feeding on the tops of some red willow or killikinic brush; a two-year-old male walking to a bunch of brush, and a yearling female, reaching for a tempting bunch of leaves which hung just above her nose, completed the moose family. The animals were all feed- ing, except the big bull, whose elevated head with erect ear and keen eye showed plainly that he was on guard ; his proud attitude and noble bearing made you feel that he realized that the safety of the moose family depended upon his vigilance. The groundwork on which this moose family was arranged represented a small section of an old tamarack cranberry swamp. A water hole with lily pads, old moss-covered logs, dead tamarack poles, evergreen, poplar and birch trees, willow brush, with much moss and many vines, are some of the things that entered into its composition. Directly opposite the moose group on the other side of the path or game trail, was another moose scene; it might be called a side piece; it represented two big bulls in a desperate combat. How they were plunging into each other with their great horns, nostrils distended, eyes bulging and rolling, muscles contracted and rigid, and feet braced for even greater action ! An old Nova Scotia moose hunter remarked, while look- XII.— Grain Decorations, second floor— Kansas Building. (Page 24.) 1^ M o w <1 I— I m c O w H H :^ Q CQ a ^ Pj •— ' 1-4. o o P3 O CD p QQ CO I— • p- P oq CO D* O Oq 5 p CD P C5 o cn » CD pi <1 'k > f u a o >► H o OQ o o o o CO o o p- pi £5 W C5 P- O ^ I—" B t— '• ♦-'• P CD P A >-s » < 1— '• 1 1 p «-♦• 3 *-i «3 p P o U3 K bd o p l-b w p^ r-t- crq P o w^ p a »-i oq O D5 m * ci- ^.^ Cb h3 o n p •-J »5 o o •^ p «-»• ►—• o p u> p ^5 «u c-^ P *->• •-» OD P P P^ P !—• P »-•• P P •1 o ■"^^ Report of the Board of Managers. 33 ing at them : " I hear their horns crack ; I see their sides heave ; see how they are tearing up the earth and smashing the rotton logs to pieces under them f AVhat a sight ! I have seen it before in the wilds of Nova Scotia." The moose originally inhabited North America, between the 45th and 70th degrees of north latitude. A good many still exist in certain localities. They are said to be quite common in certain districts along the Yukon, in Alaska. The moose feeds on the leaves and tender branches of trees almost altogether. As a dessert he sometimes takes lily bulbs or nips at the tops of coarse grasses. The moose, as well as all animals belonging to the deer family, shed their antlers every year. Woodland Caribou ( Cervus tarandus). — The next group in order con- sisted of four woodland caribou or American reindeer. Two old males, with very different types of horns, an old cow and a calf made up the group. They were all walking, though one buck had stopped for a moment to look at something, and were apparently just emerging from the woods from behind a rocky cliff. Many people seemed to be much surprised to think that there were reindeer native to the American continent, and that they came as far south as Maine, Minnesota, and Idaho. The groundwork for the group con- sisted mostly of moss-covered rocks, with a few scrubby bushes and dwarfed plants. Wild Mountain Goat (^Mazama montana). — This family group com- prised seven animals. They occupied a broken-up, rocky crag, which was some 20 feet high in places. The goats were arranged as follows : An old male stood on the highest rocky point. He was on guard. Below and in front of him was an old female lying down on a projecting shelf of rock; her little kid stood near by on a piece of loose shell rock. To the left of the main crag a yearling male could be seen sliding down a steep incline. A two- year-old male was feeding on some short bunch grass in front and near the base of the rocky cliff. To the right of him was a yearling female climbing a very steep incline. On the right of this stone structure a two-year-old fe- male could be seen coming around a projecting stony point. Mule Deer {Cervus macrotus). — This group occupied a position between the goats and sheep and was in the very center of the outside series ; it was composed of nine specimens, illustrating many phases of mule-deer life : An old buck, with large, peculiar, palmated horns, and his swollen November neck, with hair all standing out fluffy ; another buck, polishing his typical, five-point horns on a small aspen tree; an old buck, with long, shaggy, winter hair; a two-year-old buck, pawing in the ground; a yearling, in brownish-red, summer hair, nipping the leaves from a willow bush; an old doe, in winter hair; another, clad in the rich steel-blue hair of early Septem- ber. These, together with a beautiful little spotted fawn, which stood in the foreground, completed one of the most interesting groups, which, considered in connection with the groundwork, in which could be seen old logs, small quaking aspen and evergreen trees, bunch grass, and other plants, made one of the most picturesque scenes in the entire exhibit. —3 34 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. Rocky Mountain Sheep, Bighorn {Ovls montana). — The group of 10 sheep was arranged on a rocky promontory to the right of the mule deer. This group illustrated many phases of sheep life, and was represented by ani- mals of all sizes and ages, from a little lamb a few weeks old to a large patri- arch ram, who had evidently climbed mountain crags for 20-odd years. He carried a pair of horns that weighed, together with his dry skull, 28 pounds- This was one of the most striking groups in the exhibit. American Elk, Wapiti Deer ( Cervus canadensis). — To the right of the sheep, on some broken, irregular ground, stood a group of six American elk or wapiti deer. This family was headed by a magnificent bull, liked by thousands of visitors better than any other single specimen in the entire ex- hibit. He has been christened by writers in various ways, as "World's Fair King," "Monarch of the Rockies," etc. He was standing on a little grassy knoll, with his head and great horns high in the air, looking for any possible danger. The other members of the elk family, an old cow, a pair of year- lings, a calf a week, and one six weeks old, were taking life easy ; some feed- ing, others lying down or standing in restful positions. The group with the accessories of the groundwork, which included many things characteristic of an elk country, made this a picture of still life in wild nature seldom seen- American Antelope, or Prougbuck, (Antilocapra americana). — This unique and interesting American animal was represented in the exhibit by six specimens. They were arranged on a buffalo-grass knoll, between the elk and buffalo groups. An old buck with full-sized horns, a younger buck with new horn tips upon the bony horn cores, a young buck with horns just starting, and an old female with twin fawns, one lying down and the other standing — these six animals, all apparently startled and gazing at some distant object, constituted one of the most attractive groups. Their trim bodies, comparatively small legs and the alert look in their black eyes attracted the attention of thousands of people, who learned for the first time some of the external differences between the antelope and the deer. American Buffalo, or Bison (^Bos americanus). — Last in the outside series or groups, going from left to right, but not least by any means, was the group of six buffaloes. No group in the entire exhibit excited more general interest than this one. The animals were arranged in a piece of buffalo-grass prairie around an alkali "buffalo wallow." The leader of this herd is a splendid bull, with grand proportions of body and limb. He was the king bison at the fair, as he had no equal there in size or appearance. His large head, with its great mass of flowing hair, his keen and warlike eye, together with the general bearing of the proud and noble beast, placed him first in the admiration of many. A little buffalo calf, not more than a week old, was a great attraction. An old cow and a pair of three-year-olds constituted the other members of the bison family. There are a few buffaloes in the Yellow- stone park, protected by the government. A few stragglei'S are said to still survive on the foothills of the Rocky mountains, north of the United States. Report of the Board of Managers. 35 The last survivors in the state of Kansas were seen in Stevens county, in the fall of 1888. Other Groups. — With the addition of two huge grizzly bears just ap- pearing from behind the rocky cliffs occupied by the sheep, ail the animals properly belonging to the outside groups have been mentioned. The mere sight of these shaggy beasts, their powerful limbs, their stout claws, and their ferocious looking heads, started all the bear hunters at the fair to telling what they had heard, seen and done in the bear business. In the central part of the exhibit were arranged groups of mountain lions,, wolves, coyotes, foxes, wolverines or tiger cats, lynxes, wdld cats, jack rabbits^ and prairie dogs. In the foreground of the central exhibit, and to the right, was a group of two old mountain lions quarreling over a deer, which one of them had just sprung upon and killed; as the animals stood with ears thrown back, hair bristling, eyes flashing, mouths glittering w4th large white teeth, and the very muscles of their bodies quivering with excitement, they were truly vicious and terrible-looking beasts. The many old scars on the head and forelegs of the one to the left went to show that he was an old warrior, but he did not succeed in bluffing the younger and handsomer lion, the rightful possessor of the prey. To the left of this group was an old female gray panther or lion, lying in front of a half-rotten papier-mache sycamore stump, under which she had her den. She had three small spotted kittens, as fat and plump as kittens usually are, playing various pranks about her head and feet. In the background of this exhibit, and in front of the rocky crag on which the sheep were standing, was another group of lions or pumas — an old female, and two kittens about the size of tomcats. This group has been called "The First Hunt." The old cat has just emerged from a rocky cave; the kittens following are just coming out. They will be allowed to accom- pany the old cat on a hunt for the first time. In the foreground, and to the left of the gray puma and small kittens, was a group of seven foxes. In this group there was one extremely rare fox, a magnificent silver gray, whose skin for fur alone would be worth over a hun- dred dollars. There were cross foxes, common prairie gray and red foxes^ They were mounted in various positions, and attracted their share of atten- tion. An old gentleman was overheard to say one morning, while discussing the subject of foxes with his friends, that "these (pointing to the mounted specimens) are the foxiest looking foxes that ever I saw in captivity." Just back of the quarreling lions was a group of large gray wolves, ar- ranged about an old buffalo carcass ; one of them was chewing on a bone ; another seemed mad and was snarling about it; the third had eaten his fill, and was looking over the hills for something to get scared at. In the center of the central exhibit was a group of nine coyote wolves, represented by three old ones and six young of different ages and sizes. In the center of this lat- ter group was a single lean and starved-looking coyote, sitting on his haunches 36 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. near some old dry buffalo bones, howling; the poor, hungry wolf's mind was evidently disturbed with thoughts of the past, when a buffalo carcass affording a good breakfast could be found almost anywhere. To the left of this wolf group, and just back of the foxes, was a group of two wolverines; they stood near their den in the rocks, and were evidently meditating upon some kind of meanness. Just back of these " Indian devils " were a pair of fishers — one on an old log, and the other on the ground, near a hole which opened into the bottom of the log. To the right of these ani- mals could be seen the Canada lynxes, one walking on an old chunk and an- other sitting on the end of a snag. Near by, and in front of the lynxes, was a wild cat crouched upon a piece of fallen tree. The ocelots, or spotted tiger cats, were standing upon some rocks a little to the right of the cats. To the right of the ocelots and back of the wolves, on a little knoll, was a group of cunning little prairie dogs, which, in zoolog- ical classification, are placed among the squirrels. Visitors were much inter- ested in them, and seemed disappointed not to hear them bark. The old war horse "Comanche" was also a part of the University exhibit. Comanche was the only surviving horse of the Custer massacre. He was ridden by Colonel Keogh on that fated day. Comanche was wounded seven times; three severe and four flesh wounds. The severe wounds were, one through the neck, one just behind the front shoulder, passing clear through, and one in the hind quarters, passing out between the hind legs. Comanche died at Fort Riley, in Kansas, November 7, 1891, at the ripe old age of 31 years. In answer to a telegram. Professor Dyche reached the fort a little after midnight, Sunday morning. It took the rest of the night and most of the day to properly measure the animal and care for his skin. He was mounted in the taxidermic laboratory at the University, with the under- standing that he might be shown with the exhibit at the World's Fair. Thousands of people came to the Kansas building for the special purpose of seeing what is still in existence of this memorable and historic hoi'se. Adju- tant J. T. Bell, of the Seventh cavalry, at Fort Riley, kindly sent a saddle, bridle and complete outfit for use on the horse at the fair. The following is published as a matter of interest in connection with the exhibit: Geneeal Obdebs, No. 7. I. The horse known as "Comanche" being the only living representative of the bloody tragedy of the Little Big Horn, June 25, 1876, his kind treatment and com- fort should be a matter of special pride and solicitude on the part of every member of the Seventh cavalry, to the end that his life be prolonged to the utmost limit. Wounded and scarred as he is, his very existence speaks in terms more eloquent than words of the desperate struggle against overwhelming numbers; of the hope- less conflict, and of the heroic manner in which all went down on that fatal day. II. The commanding officers of company I will see that a special and comfort- able stall is fitted up for him, and he will not be ridden by any person whatever, under any circumstances, nor will he be put to any kind of work. III. Hereafter, upon all occasions of ceremony (of mounted regimental forma- M O a Q O w M O !2! O o o P OB Oi ft «9 P e re Report of the Board of Managers. 37 tion) Comanche, saddled, bridled, draped in mourning, and led by a mounted trooper of company I, will be paraded with the regiment. By command of Colonel Sturgis. E. A. GABiiiNGTON, 1st Lieutenant and Adjutant, 7th Cavalry. Miscellaneous Exhibits. A fine exhibit of crude petroleum, 'in a large barrel and glass jars, by Adolph Bauman, of Neodesha, Wilson county, where the oil was discovered August 7, 1893, and flows from a depth of 1,000 feet. The Commissioners were constantly interrogated concerning this exhibit. An exhibit of building stone, from Rettiger Bros', quarry, Strong City, was put up in the form of a wall. Saline river ochre, red and golden, the product of Trego county, exhibited by Kansas City Paint Company. The stand on which it was displayed was gaily decorated with the paint ; several photographs of the ochre mills stood on the shelf, together with bottles of the paint, as taken from the mines and in its purified state. An elegant buggy harness, exhibited by J. A. Fletcher, of Atchison, was a good advertisement for him, for many visitors examined the work and pro- nounced it superior in point of workmanship and material. The Fulton Milling Company, of Fulton, made an exhibit of four brands of flour, put up in pink satin sacks. The "Imperial" brand was decorated with a crown; "White Rose" brand, with a white rose; "Snowball," with daisies; "Angel Food," with heads of wheat. A small but striking exhibit of flax was made by H. B. Ware, of Fort Scott, who has invented a process by which the raw material is prepared for manufacturing without the delay of the old process of "going through the rot." Salina Paper Manufacturing Company exhibited large rolls of brown pa- per, with the "Anti-Trust" brand, and sheets of straw paper, by A. M. ClaflE*- lin, of Salina. Tables with buckets of grain and seeds were displayed to a good advantage. A. Cone, of Gardner, exhibited models of his noted patents on washing machines and churns. The Electric Appliance Company, of Burlington, exhibited samples of their work. Geo. A. Talbot, of Falun, sent a lot of pens made of slough grass, which were used for registering. They were found to be excellent substitutes for goose quills, and were anxiously picked up as souvenirs. Rooms on First Floor. Entering the reception room on the first floor, the attention of the visitor was arrested by a life-size painting of " Osawatomie " Brown, whose "soul goes marching on." Ranged in regular order around the room were the portraits of nine judges who have held the district court in Nemaha county, one of 38 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. whom, A. H. Horton, is now chief justice. The portrait of Hon. John J. Ingalls, 18 years in the United States senate, occupied a prominent place. Over a window on the south side hung the portrait of Eugene F. Ware, ■("Ironquill,") the poet of the sunflower state. The picture was done by Mrs. W. J. Balding, of Paola, whose work is too well known to need further mention here. Over another window on the same side hung a portrait of Thomas B. Pea- cock, the author of many volumes of poems, and who was especially known at the exposition as the author of the famous Columbian ode. This picture was painted by the noted artist George M. Stone, and is one of his best efforts. Hanging between these portraits was "Old Shawnee Mission," where the first legislature met, belonging to the Woman's Columbian Club of Olathe. "Logan Just Before the Battle," was a large painting by Mrs E. F. Ly- man, of Baxter S23rings. A fine life-sized photograph of Mother Bickerdyke, the "Florence Night- ingale" of the civil war, and revered by all "the boys in blue," hung over the Russell county mantel, and is now the property of the state. The mantel was the display of Russell county, for the purpose of exhibiting her building stone. Magnesia limestone entered largely into its construction. The front of it was handsomely carved with the seal of the state, and on either €nd were carved the names of the officers of the Woman's Columbian Club of that county. The tiling of red sandstone was finished in the rough. The andirons represented two huge sunflowers. The whole design was the grand conception and generous tribute of those enterprising women. A handsome table of oak, with the word "Atchison " standing out in bold relief, stood in the center of the room, a loan of the Woman's Columbian Club. In one corner stood a fine organ, loaned by the Estey Organ Company. This room was supplied with settees and easy chairs for the waiting crowds. Plain curtains of green China silk hung at the windows, while above were festoons of green and drab silk, blending well with the tints in the carpet. The floor was covered with a heavy body Brussels carpet, the gift of J. V. Farwell, of Chicago, the most prominent wholesale dry-goods dealer in this country. A door opened from this room into the office of the Board of Managers, furnished with office appurtenances, and a typewriter loaned by the Smith Premier Company. Off" this room was the Secretary's office ; a handsome rug covered the floor of this room, presented by Jas. H. Walker, of Chicago. On the opposite side of the hall was the check room and post office ; there was also a typewriter in this room, furnished by the Remington company. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Company. This exhibit was in charge of Jno. E. Frost, of the land department of the road, and consisted of a series of panels, occupying the profile space in the elliptical opening between the first and second floors under the dome of the Kansas building; the panels being tastefully decorated with Kansas grain, Report of the Board of Managers. 3^ and bearing ornamental lettering, calling attention to their line and Kansas lands, in conjunction with paintings of various scenes of interest along the line in Kansas, especially illustrating the farming features, leading state in- stitutions, and leading industries of the state, such as wheat and salt produc- tions, zinc and lead smelting. In connection with these panels and paintings, a miniature railroad track was constructed around the base of the ellipse, and on this, operated by elec- tricity, a miniature train, which was a counterpart of one of the regular ves- tibule trains of that road, and was drawn by an engine appropriately named "J. W. Reinhart," for Mr. Reinhart, president of the Atchison system. This train secured an award from the electrical department. In connection with this display, they kept constantly at the Kansas build- ing, during the fair, a representative of the land department in charge of the display, and a large supply of pamphlets descriptive of the advantages of the land and farming interests of the state, and inviting immigration, which pamphlets were distributed gratis to visitors to the Kansas building. The cost of the display, and the maintenance of the same during the fair, aggre- gated $2,610.97, which was borne exclusively by the railroad company. Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railw^ay Company. The exhibit of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Company, in the Kansas building, consisted of various samples of sugar made from sorghum cane at the Fort Scott sugar works; and, also, samples of syrup made from sorghum cane. There was also exhibited a lot of cement, made from the Fort Scott hy- draulic cement rock, by the Fort Scott Cement Company. Samples of the rock in different stages of preparation, from the crude rock to the finished material, were also shown. One side of the exhibit was devoted to a display of the samples of natural flagstone, from the great flagstone quarries near Fort Scott. As their quar- ries are not only a great geological curiosity but a great source of revenue to the state, the exhibit of their product was of great advantage to Kansas. Samples of Kansas cotton, raised in Labette and Montgomery counties, were also exhibited. This cotton was put up in attractive bales and excited much attention from visitors. The space allotted to this company was decorated with large paintings, showing the sugar works at Fort Scott and the great military post at Fort Riley. An immense amount of printed matter, descriptive of the state and of the resources of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Company, was distrib- uted from this office. 40 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. The Kansas Educational Exhibit. The educational exhibit for Kansas was prepared by the board of direct- ors appointed by the State Teachers' Association and the department of city superintendents. At the time of its appointment no appropriation had been made by the state, and the schools were called upon to contribute the neces- sary funds. To inaugurate the work, the State Teachers' Association appro- priated $200. The schools responded most generously; the total amount received aggregating $5,815.43. The State Board of World's Fair Commis- sioners appropriated $1,000 out of the state appropriation for the same pur- pose, making the total amount at the disposal of the board in charge of the educational exhibit $6,815.43. The expenses aggregated $6,537.43, leaving a balance on hand of $278. After paying the expenses incidental to the re- turn of the exhibit from Topeka to the donors, and the publication of the report of the board, the balance on hand has been ordered set apart for the inauguration of a permanent educational exhibit at Topeka. Ninety-five coun- ties contributed to the expenses of the exhibit. The largest amount paid by any one county was by Shawnee, $424.40 ; the next largest amount, Douglas, $277.68. The largest amount contributed by any one city was $300, from the city of Topeka; the second largest amount was from Wichita, $239.18. The largest amount contributed from school districts of any one county was from the districts of Atchison county, $125. The largest amount contributed from any single institution was by the State Normal School, $100. The total amount contributed by the district schools of the state was $2,102.52. As some of the cities and counties as well as the state educational institutions expended even more in the preparation of their exhibits than they contributed to this board, the total exhibit represented an expenditure of at least $12,000. The exhibit at the great exposition was in all respects beyond the expec- tations of those who planned it and brought it to successful completion. No description, however accurately and carefully detailed, can give one an ade- quate conception of it. It must have been seen and closely examined, and even studied, to be fully appreciated. As a matter of fact, in point of mag- nitude, in character, in organization and in completeness it surpassed any- thing in the educational line the world has ever seen. As an expositor of pedagogical science and educational progress it has had no equal. Notwith- standing no century has been half so progressive in science and in industrial and commercial pursuits as the present; notwithstanding we are but on the threshold of the new education, as many believe, from which are to come the skilled hand and cultured brain and heart, this great display practically dem- onstrated that the schools have not been outstripped in the race of progress. Four acres of wall, case, and book exhibits in the liberal arts building, besides educational exhibits in many of the state buildings, furnished enough ma- terial for a lifetime of study and investigation. Every class of school was here represented ; the common school and the parochial school, the univer- sity, the college and the normal school, the manual training school, the trade ^XVIL— Pagoda of Grain, first floor— Kansas Building. (Page 24.) XVIII.— Pyramid of Grain— Kansas Building. (Page 25.) Report of the Board of Managers. 41 • school., the technical institute, and the business college, each contributed large quantities of material. In the presence of such a mass of details the observer was almost bewil- dered, realizing that with limited time he could make but few comparisons and reach but few conclusions as to the true inwardness of the schools making the exhibits. Still, from the almost unlimited number of methods and devices everywhere to be seen, he, whether teacher or educational expert, must have been enriched and inspired. It will be remembered by those who visited the fair, that the Kansas schools were represented at both the liberal arts building and at the state building, occupying 1,560 square feet in the former and the second floor of the east wing of the latter. Upon the table might be found 404 bound vol- umes of manuscripts of class work and test exercises, and 10 photograph albums containing likenesses of school buildings and their apartments, teach- ers and their schools, besides bound volumes of the Western School Journal^ The Industrialist, and The Normal Quarterly. The following are the names of the counties and cities of the state, and the number of volumes contributed by each : Counties: Atchison h, Barton 1, Brown i, Butler 2, Chase 1^^, Chautau- qua 1, Coffey 2, Comanche 1, Cowley 1, Dickinson 3, Doniphan 8, Douglas 6, Ellis 2^, Franklin 4, Geary 1, Greenwood 6, Greeley 1, Kearny 1, Kingman 1, Labette 3, Lincoln 1, Lyon 2, Miami J, Mitchell 1, McPherson 1, Morris ?, Nemaha J, Neosho I, Ottawa J, Pratt 3, Reno 2, Riley 4, Rooks 1, Scott ?, Shawnee 6, Thomas 1, Trego J, Woodson 3, Wyandotte 3. Cities: Atchison 4, Alma 1, Anthony 5, Burlington 5, Bonner Springs 1, Burlingame 3, Cherry Vale 2, Columbus 1, Concordia 7, Colby 4, Dodge City 2, Efiingham 1, Emporia 7, Eureka 4, Fort Scott 7, Frankfort 3, Gove City 1, Great Bend 2, Halstead 2, Hiawatha Academy 1, Independence 5, Indus- trial School for Girls 1, Junction City 2, Kansas City 9, Lawrence 11, Leav- enworth 11, Leon, 2, Longton 1, Lincoln Center 2, McPherson 6, Marion 2, Manhattan 13, Newton 5, Oakland 2, Osborne 2, Ottawa 2, Parsons 5, Pitts- burg 4, Potwin 4, Paola 3, Sedan 2; Sabetha 2, Seneca 10, Topeka 92, Wich- ita 20, Wamego 4. Upon the walls were exhibited about 380 straw boards, 22 x 28 inches, neatly framed, upon which were placed drawings, photographs, wall charts, and kindergarten work, representing both plane and solid forms. Relief maps of the continents, 16 in all, were constructed by pupils of the State Normal, Leavenworth and Pittsburg schools, and added much to the appear- ance of the wall exhibit. Cases of clay modeling, and many specimens of homemade illustrative apparatus, constructed by pupils, showed that our com- mon schools were not wholly lacking in the spirit of manual training. In this connection, a model of Catson bridge, ingeniously constructed by the high- school pupils of Leavenworth, and a set of pulleys, made by the Mankato pupils, deserve special mention. A tabulated statistical chart, showing the comparative educational prog- 42 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. » ress of the state, and two great maps of Kansas, 7x12 feet, showing the lo- cation of all the rural schools, city schools, the State Normal School, the State University, colleges, and the various private and denominational insti- tutions, attracted much interest and attention, and reflected great credit upon Prof. L. C. ^yooster, who designed them. The State Normal School was represented by 34 volumes of manuscripts, showing the character and method of class work, and illustrative apparatus made by pupils of the institution, and by many photographs and special de- signs. The State Agricultural College furnished four volumes of class work from the department of industrial art and design ; four albums containing many photographs and engravings of buildings and their apartments, and two cases filled with specimens of plants and insects; products of manual train- ing and domestic art. The Kansas educational exhibit made at the liberal arts building is en- tered in the catalogue of the exposition and deserves special mention. It oc- cupied 1,560 square feet of space, as has been said, and consisted of the following groups: 1. The common school section, consisting of (a) 195 volumes of manu- scripts containing class exercises and special tests; (6)' 204 wall charts, 22 x 28 inches, containing drawings from objects, drawings in physiology, outline maps, plans and descriptions of school buildings, sheets showing methods of instruction in language, and kindergarten work from primary schools; (c) many photographs of school buildings and their apartments, pupils and teachers, displayed both upon the walls and in albums; (c?) 10 relief maps; (e) 1 case of primary work in form and in language ; (/ ) one Kansas map, showing the location of all the schools and schoolhouses in the state; ((/) 1 statistical chart, showing the comparative progress of the educational sys- tem of the state; (Ji) 8 bound volumes of the Western School Journal. 2. The Normal School section, consisting of (a) 1 case, containing kinder- garten work, illustrative apparatus constructed by pupils, object drawings, specimens of clay modeling, and a few prepared specimens of Kansas birds; {b) 19 bound volumes of manuscripts, designed to illustrate the normal methods of instruction; (c) a collection of books written by teachers and graduates of the institution; (d) 3 oil paintings; (e) 4 water colors; (/) 6 putty relief maps; (g) 18 casts, designs, etc. 3. The Agricultural College section, consisting of (a) 1 large case, con- taining specimens of manual training and domestic art, and illustrating ex- ercises in primary and iron working, and sewing and cooking, an etymological collection, and specimens of printing; (b) bound volumes — 2 of the catalogues, 2 of reports, 17 of the Industrialist, and 5 showing exercises in industrial art and design; (c) 5 photograph albums; (c?) 80 wood cuts of the surroundings and actual workings of the college; (e) 16 charts, showing the time given to each study and its order in the college, together with an outline of instruc- tion given in the class room. Report of the Board of Managers. 43 Directly after the organization of the board of directors, they elected Prof. L. C. Wooster as superintendent of the exhibit, to whom much praise is due for his persistent efforts in getting up and classifying the material pre- sented, and in placing it so attractively in the exposition. On his resignation in August, to accept a permanent position in the North Dakota State Normal School, he was succeeded by Supt. C. M. Light, whose fitness for the position was everywhere recognized. The board of directors for the Kansas educational exhibit were: Geo. W. Winans, president and chairman of the finance committee, Topeka; A. R. Taylor, secretary and chairman of exhibit committee, Emporia; G. T. Fair- child, treasurer, Manhattan; L. C. Wooster, superintendent. Eureka; E. Stan- ley, Lawrence; C. Y. Roop, Salina; A. W. Leech, Mound City; F. H. Snow> Lawrence; D. E. Sanders, Ft. Scott ; J. E. Klock, Leavenworth ; J. E. Peairs, Lawrence; John MacDonald, Topeka; W. M. Davidson, Topeka; H. N. Gaines, Topeka; A. S. Olin, Lawrence. The Woman's Room. On the south wall of the " woman's room " was a portrait of Mrs. Clorinda Nichols, who sat in the first constitutional convention, and fought for rights of women when its advocates were denounced as strong-minded and unwomanly. It is reported that her hands were never idle, and that, while her busy brain devised ways and means to ameliorate the condition of her sex, she 'tended strictly to her knitting," as she finished the sock which she was at before the convention closed. Mrs. Nichols succeeded in obtaining more liberal property rights for the women of her state than those afforded them in any other state in the union. The strong, kindly face showed determination of purpose ; you feel it while you look at it, and carry the impression away with you. This is the property of the Wyandotte ladies. "The Pioneer Woman" is a picture that will stand any amount of study, some new point coming out at every visit. A woman stands just outside of a dugout, gazing over the vast expanse of prairie that stretches out before her; her attitude brings to one's mind the loneliness and privations of the women who courageously went forth with their husbands to subdue the tree- less plains; yet there is nothing about the picture to suggest despair. The primitive dugout has its sunflowers blooming on the sodded roof. Although the fine face carries a look of regret as she gazes eastward, thinking perhaps of the friends and comforts of her old home, courage and hope for the new home she has come to build softens the regret. The soft, purplish tints of the gray dress blend well with the gray-green buffalo grass and the peculiar tints of a sky seen only, it is said, in Kansas and Italy. The perspective is fine, gazing into the illimitable distance of undulating prairie; sky and prairie seem to blend in an undefinable line. The picture is 3x5 feet in dimension, and beautifully framed. It was sent by the Wyandotte County Woman's Columbian Club. The artist is Geo. M. Stone, of Topeka. 44 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. Another historical gem is entitled "Bygone Memories," belonging to the Woodward collection, of Lawrence. It is one of the pictures that appeals to the soul, of days long departed, that memory brings, like blossoms of Eden> to twine around the heart. So exquisitely rendered is the subject that it might easily pass for the work of one of the great Dutch painters, so renowned for their interior views. The elderly woman, with a homely but genial face, the old spinning wheel, the scanty furniture, with all the details carefully drawn, the glow of the coals on the open fireplace, and the wonderful slanting ray of white light coming in through the window, entitle the picture to the praises that have been lavished upon it ; although small, it is one of the most char- acteristic in the collection. A "Pioneer House," by A. S. Cordry, of Minneapolis, shows close study. In it one finds a simple bit of nature painted with feeling and poetic expres- sion. It is a solitary spot; an old-time dwelling, with ridgepole falling in; the bits of palings here and there, stumps, and an old gate, give it a pleasing flavor of mild decay. A portrait of an Indian, by Mrs. E. F. Lyman, of Baxter Springs, where she has a studio, is admirably drawn and painted. Mrs. Lyman has several other paintings in the Kansas exhibit — a portrait of Mrs. Wilson and a bib- lical subject — "The Changed Cross." The merry group of six children, with school books and flowers, by Mrs. J. H. Tiner, of Concordia, are real Kansas children, not posing in fine linen and laces, but natural, jolly children, with a general air of health and con- tentment, which inspires one with a desire to know more about them. " Products of Kansas " is an admirable study of still life that was uni- versally admired. It shows an arrangement of cucumbers, corn and onions resting against a cabbage head, with a kettle of potatoes and a box of luscious blackberries in the foreground. The artist, Mrs. James J. Ogden, has shown great skill in arrangement and coloring. A bunch of calla lilies on Japan are pleasing and pretty. A small winter landscape near it is well done. " Jakey and Marie," two wise-looking little owls on a basket, move one to laughter. Cosy, grave little rascals, as happy as happy can be ; not the hoot- ing, melancholy owl that complains from some ivy-mantled tower, but socially inclined owls, happy in each others' companionship. The artist is E. Mary Curtis Root, of Council Grove, Kas. Of the still-life subjects, one by Mrs. W. W. Reed is the masterpiece, the gem of the collection. It is a realistic painting of quail, on a wooden panel, the background of which is a portion of the Fort Scott Monitor, the reading clearly discernable. A portrait of Sol. Smith, the old sawyer, from life, is ouq before which many a group paused. Sol. is a well-known character, and his many friends recognized an old acquaintance as soon as they stepped into the woman's room. The rugged face and brawny hands are admirably drawn and painted, JII^J XIX.— Pyramid of Guain and Gu asses — Kansas Building. (Page 25.) Report of the Board oj Managers. 45 not even the old cob pipe having been left out of the composition, the work of W. A. Ford, of Hutchinson. The Indian lookout, near Solomon river, was a point of observation from which the early settler could note the movements of the wily savage. To an ordinary observer there seems little in the picture worthy of attention, but to the frontiersman it suggests "days of danger and nights of watching." It is inclosed in a straw frame, the whole the work of Mrs. C. W. Lord, of Delphos. A wine glass, truit, apples and nuts is a beautiful little piece of still life, a dainty bit of coloring, by Annie M. Newton, of Garnett. Lilian Westervelt McGill has a fine piece of still life representing a brace of grouse, unusually well handled. An exquisite little scene in water color, entitled "A Glimpse of Sedan,' with its church steeples in the distance, suggests the famous "Angelus" in its atmospheric effects and simplicity of composition ; the artist is Emma Gates, of Sedan. A head of Voltaire, by Carrie B. Gould, of Leavenworth, deserves special mention. Also a head of Gambetta, in charcoal, by the same artist, and a fine equestrian piece. A water color, "On the Missouri River," is also her work. " The Last Leap " is a fine representation of a stag, pursued by hounds, leaping over a precipice; a lead-pencil piece, by Miss Kittie Squires, of Beloit. The fort or barricade used by John Brown, of Harper's Ferry fame, is an ambush carrying the mind back to the early struggles of Kansas ; the work of Mrs. E. A. Buchanan, of Fulton. A basket of luscious Catawba grapes by Mrs. J. G. Ogden, of Fort Scott. A true representation of the land of corn and grapes. "Sunny Kansas" is a picture full of sunshine, warmth, and beauty, of the Italian school of painting. The group of cows in the foreground, anxiously awaiting for the tardy milkmaid, is a charming rural scene, painted by Miss Mary Chamberlain, and loaned by the Woman's Columbian Club of lola. A water color of flowers, with delicate transparent petals, is entitled to more than ordinary notice. The artist is Mrs. Flora Campbell, of Circleville. "Alcove Springs," on Big Blue river, Marshall county, was an historical resting place of overland trains bound for golden California. It is the work of Mamie Shroyer, of that county, and well done. "Moses and the Law," a piece in black and white, is a fine study in light and shade, by Orpha Appleman, of El Dorado. A large pencil drawing of the emblems of the Daughters of Rebekah, de- signed by Mrs. J. C. Trotter, of Wichita, showed remarkable skill and inge- nuity in designing. It was the magnet toward which the " Daughters " who visited this room were irresistibly drawn. On the opposite side of the room hung a tapestry painting by the same artist — the banner of " Wichita chari- ies," which represented the orphans' home, hospitals, churches, etc. 46 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. "The Eastern Star" was exhibited for awhile in the state building, and then moved to the woman's building. It was a massive, elaborate piece of work ; the frame, of native walnut, was carved in an artistic design. Only a genius could have planned and executed it; a fact that all will admit, when I give the name of Mrs. Hepler, of Fort Scott, as the designer. "The Spirit of Kansas," by Mrs. Mary E. Weston, aged 76 years, was exe- cuted on a large canvas. It represented a lovely young girl, holding in one hand the white dove of peace, and mounted on a horse going at full speed. The delicate coloring of her flowing drapery and golden hair blended beauti- fully, and the large, expressive eyes gave a spirit of animation to the whole. "The Prohibition Sunflower," a collossal flower, on whose yellow petals were given the statistics of what prohibition has done for the state, also quo- tations from some of the well-known men of Kansas on the subject of prohi- bition, notable among them Senator P. B. Plumb. This is the work of Miss Lou Mattoon, of Topeka, for the temperance club of Shawnee county. Pro- hibitionists from all over the United States have made extracts from it. "American Woman and Her Political Peers," the design of Mrs. H. B. Wall, of Hutchinson, executed by W. A. Ford, of the same place. The cen- ter is a fine portrait of Frances E. Willard, the world-renowned leader of the W. C. T. U. organization. In the corners are the pictures of a convict, an imbecile, a lunatic, and an Indian — the political peers of the grand central figure. It was certainly a forcible if not a flattering story teller. Among the collection was a fine sketch by M. L. Simpson ; also, a head of Columbus, done by Hattie Sill, of Eureka, which was specially meritorious. A small painting by Mrs. A. S. Bronson, was also much admired. A fine marine scene, " The Shipwreck," by Mrs. Chase, of Holton, is worthy of close study. A pen picture by Mrs. Betty Saunders, of Independence, is skillfully drawn. Another pen picture, of the Soldiers' Home at Leavenworth, by one of its inmates, Carl Hartman, was a fine piece of work. A picture by M. Mathews, "The Camp Fire," loaned by the Woman's Columbian Club of Ottawa, was a creditable eflfbrt. A portrait of the head of a young girl, beautifully done in oil, by Mrs. M. E. Patrick, of Concordia, which was remarkable for strength and finish. A beautiful panel of flowers for a mantelpiece was the work of Mrs. Cord- rey, of Minneapolis. Small drawings on cardboard, by Arthur Jamieson, were well executed. PHOTOGRAPHS. Views of prominent places in Arkansas City. A large picture containing six of the large buildings in Trego county. Views of the school buildings in El Dorado. Picture of public library in Independence. Six different views of Soldiers' Home, Leavenworth. Picture of public library, Cawker City. Report of the Board of Managers. 47 Different views of Concordia, prominent among which were the "Barons House" and the residence of Col. N. B. Brown. Views in Butler county. Numerous views of the opening of the Cherokee strip, showing a motley crowd of boomers and land sharks rushing pellmell for the registration place, the work of Miller, of Arkansas City. Sets of views of Indians, in groups and in war dances, with all their para- phernalia of paint and feathers. Photograph of Mrs. L. A. B. Steele, an historic character, and belongs to that collection ; also one of Mrs. DeGeer, of the same collection. A fine photograph of W. H. Smith, of Marysville, Secretary of the old Board of Worlds' Fair Managers. Portrait of Mrs. Wilson, of Lawrence, a noted temperance worker. Also photographs of the Mary Somerville Library Society. Among the miscellaneous decorations was a frame composed of spools, with embroidered center, the work of the sewing women of Lyon county. Banner of white silk, bordered with gold fringe, presented to Abraham Lincoln by the students of Lombard, in 1858, belonging to the historical society. An old flag, made in 1776, and carried in the battle of Plattsburg and other battles in 1812; embroidered on white silk, an eagle and shield, loaned by Mr. Sholes, of Olathe, to the Woman's Columbian Club. Paper cuttings, by Miss Laura Hoyt, of Lyons, cut without rule ; leaf work and scroll work, on dark background, with common scissors, sent by the ladies of Lyons. Paper cuttings, by Mary A. Hunt, delicate as frost w^ork on a window pane, of trees and ferns ; a little scene representing a man, horse, child, and dog. Mrs. Hunt is 75 years of age. Several designs in paper cutting, by Mrs. Christine M. Haily, a German woman, of Fort Leavenworth ; so delicate that it resembled seaweed. Exhibits on Second Floor, Woman's Room. On the right, and just beyond the door opening into the open court, as you entered the room from the ladies' parlor, stood a large rye-straw work- basket, fully equipped with all the necessary needles, thread, buttons, scis- sors, etc., with which to repair rents in garments; and many visitors to the Kansas building took advantage of the opportunity to repair a torn dress or replace buttons that were lost off their shoes. Then it was gotten up in such an attractive style that it was a thing of beauty as well as of use. It be- longed to the Woman's Columbian Club of Fort Scott, of which Mrs. Hepler and Mrs. Goodlander were the principal managers. Beside it stood an upright double-decked show case, the lower deck filled with a set of beautiful China belonging to J. P. Robens, of Fort Scott, exhib- ited by the Woman's Columbian Club of that place. The design of decora- 48 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. tion was Gen. Phil. Kearny's headquarters. The upper deck was filled with pieces of rare China from different parts of the state, all exquisitely de- signed and remarkably well done. The exhibitors were Mrs. Westervelt McGill, Mrs. J. K. Oliver, Mrs. H. W. Heine, Miss Goodlander, of Fort Scott; Mrs. McFadden, of Kansas City; Mrs. Mary A. Turner, Mrs. L. W. Fisher, and Miss Nellie Mitchner, of Newton ; Mrs. Flora Campbell, of Cir- cleville ; Mrs. Emma Gates, of Sedan ; Mrs. Dr. Condit, of Atchison ; Mrs. M. Beck, of Holton — a rare and beautiful collection of the handiwork of Kan- sas women. In the front were four sterling silver souvenir spoons, one a de- sign of General Kearny's headquarters, belonging to Fort Scott; one to Holton, a design of Holton; two were the exhibit of Miss Julia Officer, "Westward Ho!" and "Buffalo Bill's Wild West." There were several pots of plants between this case and a flat show case be- longing to Kansas City ; in one corner of the same were displayed rose stones from Salina. The rest of the case was given up to a cream opera cloak and sacque, lined with delicate pink satin, beautifully and wonderfully embroid- ered in silken morning-glories; displayed by Mrs. Holmes, of Minneapolis, who studied the fine arts in the Convent of the Sacred Heart, Chicago. The next piece was the "Artist's Companion," exhibited by the Woman's Columbian Club of Manhattan, one of the handiest of articles; a neat stand, containing a box that will hold all necessary paint, brushes, canvas, etc., with a comfortable three-legged stool, is folded up into a neat size, light and easy to handle, a veritable boon to a field artist ; the invention of Mrs. Annie Buchanan, of Manhattan. The China case belonging to the Woman's Columbian Club of Wichita was literally filled with plaques, platters, plates, pictures, jardinieres, bon- bons, bowls, cups and saucers, candlesticks, etc. It excited the attention of all the visitors to the Kansas building. The following-named ladies deserve credit for filling this fine case with handsome China of their own handiwork: Mrs. Edward Vail, Mrs. Oscar Smith, Mrs. S. W. Norris, Mrs. Pattie Strong, Mrs. S. D. Hersey, Mrs. Charles Sharp, Mrs. and Miss Pratt, Mrs. Frank Smith, Miss Emily Jekyll, and Mrs. Fabrique. On the north side of the room stood a large and well-made oak sideboard, the work of the pupils of the deaf and dumb institute, at Olathe, finished at the top with a handsome plate-glass mirror, under a shelf, on which rested a panel of hand-painted flowers, the work of the same institute. On the left of the door, on the same side of the room, stood a table upon which rested a design of Salina Acme cement plaster, 6x2^ feet in size, of a scene in a threshing field, true to that great wheat-growing section, and sug- gestive of the richness of the soil in that part of Kansas ; there were a great many stacks of grain, a steam thresher, plenty of hands, teams and wagons to haul away the grain, and everybody connected with it seemed to be work- ing hard to finish the half-done stack before the setting sun. The work was executed by Miss Putnam, of Salina, for the Woman's Columbian Club of that place. XX.— Pyramid of Grasses, west wing— Kansas Building. ^Pjige 25.) XXI.— The Emporia Fountain— Kansas Building. (Tage 25.) M M w M W I— I w M H P p CO w CK5 to a o Ed H W H I— ( Q &^ P CO p I— ■ pi CD P- P' P <^ d CD p CfQ CD CO tvS < o w Q 1^ p p en CQ w I— '• P CKJ M •— '• CD P' Ct> CO c-r- P XJl »— '• «<1 p CTQ CD CO 00 Report of the Board of Managers. 49 On the west side was another patent, the "Universal Adjustable Table," exhibited by Emma Hughes, of Wichita. As a household article, for office and studio, it is invaluable. The shelf is supported so as to admit of its ad- justment to any angle or incline. It is also provided with a rotary and ver- tical adjustment, which permits the person using it to readily adjust the shelf to the desired position or height. It is not complicated, presents a neat ap- pearance, and can be folded into a compact form when not in use. On the same table was a revolving sad iron, exhibited by Mrs. Mary Sutton, of Lawrence, consisting of a revolving sad iron and fluting iron com- bined, with a small gasoline tank attached to one end. A small tube is con- nected with this tank and conducted to the interior of the square space formed by the irons, giving sufficient heat to last during the progress of a large ironing. Mrs. Sutton was awarded a diploma and gold medal from the Paris academy of inventors, which was a high compliment, and she no doubt has a fortune in her invention, having already refused quite a sum for her patent. By the side of this was another patent, of Mrs. M. Lament, of Lincoln, a broom catch, which is made of heavy rubber. It is slipped over the end of the handle and pressed down far enough to hold it in place, a projection on either side enabling one to catch it onto wainscoting, the side of kitchen table, etc., thus preventing the old worry of the broom falling against the side of a room, knocking off plaster, or doing other damage. These patents have been examined by a great many people, and many praises bestowed on the ingeuity of the brain that devised them. An old spinning wheel, made in Strasburg in 1620, and brought to this country some time in 1700, is the property of Mrs. L. G. Hall, Labette. Here was a handsomely carved cabinet. The designs were ears of corn, heads of wheat, grapes, and sunflowers; one of the finest pieces on the whole grounds ; so clearly cut one could look at it and know at once that it meant Kansas. This valuable cabinet was the design and work of Miss Annie Covell, and belongs to the Woman's Columbian Club of El Dorado. Beside it was a huge square case, resting on a table, for the display of needlework. In the case was a handsome white linen dress, cleverly decorated in drawn work, by Mrs. Wolfang, Concordia. There were also centerpieces, table spreads, doilies, tidies, handkerchiefs, lace, mitts, etc., exhibited by the following ladies: Mrs. C. C. Wheeler and Carrie Pierce, Maysville; Mrs. Holmes, Cynthia Bristol, Hortense Bailey, Gertie Bailey, Mrs. E. N. Bailey, and Mrs. James Cleveland, of Bailey ville; Mrs. Rose Stapleton, of Fulton; Mrs. Churchill, Miss Laura Goodlander, Lena Holin, and Mrs. Durkee, Fort Scott ; Mrs. Emma E. Gates, Mrs. Jane Graham, Ada Hosford, of Sedan ; Mrs. A. M. Clark, Mankato ; Mrs. J. D. Thompson, Mrs. Thomas White, Mary L. Robins, Mrs. M. C. Tillotson, Law- rence ; point lace, Mrs. Fitzgerald, Dodge City ; Mrs. Feo Parris, Newton ; Mrs. Dr. Pettijohn, Hoyt; point lace, Mrs. Olson, St. Marys; Mrs. Rose Ste- phenson, Fulton; Miss Nellie Keith, Mrs. Sarah Stebbins, Atchison; Woman's —4 50 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. Columbian Club, Girard; Mrs. L. M. Verbeck, Girard; Mrs. M. Enystone, Mrs. M. Burrell, Mrs. Wolfang, Concordia; Rilla Brown, Marion; Mrs. Mar- tie Beck, and the Woman's Columbian Club, Holton; Mrs. M. Klasson, Pa- ola; crocheted bedspread and bolster sham, by Mrs. Ida Howard, Wichita; crazy- work throw, by Mrs. A. C. Cowles, Emporia; patchwork quilt, by Mrs. E. E. Crandall, Manhattan; very old coverlid, by Mrs. Denton, of Denton- ville; fancy painted articles, Nellie Jackson, of Junction City; fancy articles made of celluloid, A. W. Teachant, Atchison, exhibited by Mrs. S. S. Steb- bins, Atchison; bonnet made of corn husks, by Alice Stebbins, Atchison; cloth made of hibiscus bark by native women of Micronesia, sent by a mis- sionary to Mrs. S. Stebbins, of Atchison, and exhibited by her; flowers, Mrs. M. Parks, Mankato, Mrs. J. G. Cole; handsome handkerchief box of glass and yellow ribbon, Mrs. C. F. Martin, Fort Scott. By the side of this case stood a rye-straw center table. The top was cov- ered with crimson plush, and on it rested a small straw workbasket. Both were the work of Mrs. Geo. E. Wright, Delphos. The workmanship was so unique that it merits special mention. How a thing so exquisite could be made of straw, as finely twisted and woven as the finest Milo or Tuscan straw, was the continual topic of interest to admiring visitors. In the southwest corner was a fine collection of Indian relics, representing the tribes in possession of Kansas when the early settlers went in to take the land and make homes: Comanche war bonnet, Cheyenne and Arapahoe shields, totem pole, war flag, spear, bows and arrows, and numerous photo- graphs, the property of Mrs. Fisher, of Atchison. A carved cabinet, massive and elaborate, represented three months' labor, the designing and execution being done by Mrs. Emma Gates, of Sedan. On the lower drawers were carved designs of oak leaves and acorns, with two branches tied together with bowknots. Just above, at the right side of the case, was a small drawer decorated with carved designs of maple leaves and blossoms. Above the small drawer was a door with designs of sycamore leaves and balls. Above the door was a shelf backed by a French mirror, with carved brackets of ivy leaves. The back panel of the top of the case was a design of dogwood blossoms. The left side of the case had three shelves. All the trimmings were of solid brass. The case was made entirely of sweet gum wood, and was 58 inches high and 33 inches in width. On the top of the case were two pieces of statuary — one a child's head in clay, touch- ingly lifelike; the soft curls seemed ready to lift with the breeze, and the sweet mouth to open. The other represented two country urchins, arm in arm, rugged and happy, "creeping like snails" unwillingly to school, carved from stone. These were the work of a self-taught woman, of Topeka — Mrs. Clara Barton. Kansas, of course, had a Mayflower relic, in the form of an old straight- backed chair, still in a good state of preservation, with the following inscrip- tion on the hack: "England was my birthplace, the Mayflower my cradle, Plymouth Rock my refuge, Massachusetts the heydey of my youth, Bosco- Report of the Board of Managers. 51 wan, N. H., my attic prison house, and Kansas my last hope and redemption. My early friends were Miles Standish, the stalwart captain, and John Alden, the scholar; and my latest friend, whose household god I now am, lives on the boundless prairies of Kansas ; her name is Mrs. L. W. Harris, of Milton- vale." On the east wall, over the design of the Daughters of Rebekah, was a de- sign of sunflowers, spelling "The Sunflower State," each letter being made up of small sunflowers, contributed by the Ladies' Club of Minneapolis. A Greek vase, made entirely of oats, stood near the case of China, designed and made by Mrs. H. H. Kern, of Bonner Springs. It was a classic piece of bric-a-brac. On the side of the room, near the cabinet already mentioned, stood a show case holding the exhibit of the Pansy Club, of Topeka, consisting of 16 China dinner plates, with the initials of the young ladies belonging to the club, and one very large plate. All were beautifully decorated in wreaths of gorgeous pansies. A more artistic and fitting exhibit and design could not have been proposed for this club ; and there was a constant inquiry as to whether those plates were for sale or not. In one end of this case lay the exhibit of the Plain Sewing Club, of Topeka — a baby's wardrobe. Young mothers were seen standing in groups around this exhibit and asking for patterns of the snug, easy-fitting garments. The sewing was perfect ; every stitch seemed to tell its own story of the faithful workers. Another case held miscellaneous articles: Among them a book of Cove- nanter sermons, published in the north of Scotland in 1680, the property of Mr. Stark, of Topeka. A deed from William Penn to a tract of land, in the reign of Charles II. The deed was made on calf, and, while the document shows age, the autograph of William Penn, the peacemaker, stands out as plainly as though written but yesterday ; the property of Thomas Buckman. A paper published in Vicksburg during the siege, printed on wall paper, show- ing the terrible straits they were in for material from the outside, yet the doubting editor still tried to keep up the spirits of his people by telling them that Grant was in a hard row of stumps. This is the property of Mrs. M. E. Rowley, Olathe. Those curios should, and no doubt will, find their way to the historical rooms of the statehouse. Two old pieces, dating back to 1600, a piece of linen, and a silver teaspoon dented by babies' teeth, were the property of Mrs. A. M. Clark, Mankato; old linen towel, Mrs. Cynthia Bristol; skeins of silk from Wichita; an array of fancy articles, such as pincushions, card receivers, etc., made of "devil claw birds," natives of Ellis county, a novel but taking collection, the contribution of Mrs. Gilkerson, of Hays City; two fan-shaped ornaments made by Robert Hogoboon, of Norton county. On the east wall was an immense sunflower with soft felt petals. In the center of the room stood a large, plain table, with a silver plate bearing the inscription: "The Woman's Columbian Club, Westmoreland, Pottawatomie County." This was a useful as well as an ornamental piece of 52 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. furniture. On the center was placed a straw basket, the work belonging to the Fort Scott collection. It was filled with cards that were dropped into it by visitors at the building. On one corner lay the " Historical Church Charts," bound in seven volumes. Each chart contained pictures of the first and last pastor of its respective church, and of the church. These are now placed in the historical room. The designer was Mrs. J. C. Trotter, of Wichita. Bound copies of The Wilsonton Journal, by Mrs. A. Wilson, of Parsons ; books by different Kansas authors ; book of photographs of Concordia, Kas. ; photographs of views of Parsons; books and pamphlets from all over the state, giving history of organization of counties, work of women, women wage-earners, etc., gotten up by the women's Columbian clubs. They were fine statistical reports and should go to the historical rooms. On a stand near by lay two German Bibles, more than 150 years old, the property of Henry Brandley, of Matfield Green, of great interest to antiqua- rians. Opposite this, on the wall, hung two large bunches of mammoth white corn, from the farm of Mrs. A. M. Clark, of Jewell county. Evidently the visitors considered it good corn, for it was entirely stripped of every ker- nel long before the close of the exposition. This room was bordered by a frieze of buff and white tulle, emblematic of temperance and suffrage. In the center, overhead, was a beautiful design in the same colors, laid in many folds, representing the "Eastern Star." This room was supplied with settees, rockers, and other chairs, for the con- venience and comfort of weary pedestrians. Ladies' Parlor. Directly at the head of the stair, on the second floor, was the door leading into the ladies' reception room, better known as the "Sunflower Room," on ac- count of the elaborate frieze composed of the Kansas floral emblem. This gorgeous decoration was designed and contributed by the Ladies' Columbian Club of Leavenworth, of which Mrs. A. R. Massey was president. It is safe to say that it was more universally admired than any other interior decora- tion. On the wall, near the door, was a portrait of children, painted from life, by Mrs. James G. Ogden. Beside this, a large, five-paneled art screen, the work of the deaf and dumb pupils, of Olathe, beautifully decorated with hand- painted wild flowers — sunflowers, wild roses, morning-glories, and fleur-de-lis, interspersed with wild birds. The screen was loaned by Professor Walker. Near this screen hung the sunflower clock, designed and made by the Riley County Columbian Club, carved from one piece of native walnut. The petals of the sunflowers were made from native Osage orange. This unique clock was a fine timekeeper, and marked the hours of the great Columbian fair from the opening ceremonies to the lowering of the flags that floated over the " White City." The window near the clock was draped in rich, old-gold hangings, finished with plush balls of a delicate gray tint, loaned by the ladies of Lawrence. Under the clock sat a massive oak rocker; the uphol- XXVI.— Xoiirn American Mammals— Kansas Building. Exhibited by the State University. (Page 34.) Report of the Board of Managers. 53 stery was heavy corduroy, and the back was covered by a pillow, handsomely embroidered in a design of sunflowers, the work of the Woman's Columbian Club of Wamego, and made especially for the Columbian Exposition. Between the windows on the same side of the room was a massive mantel, designed and made by the Ladies' Columbian Club of Girard. This was so different in style and finish from the ordinary mantels that it attracted much attention. The tilings on one side of the fireplace represented a stalk of sun- flowers, and the other, corn and sunflowers. On the tiling over the fireplace was a view of Clear creek, Crawford county, very skillfully done. On the shelf in front of the French mirror stood a vase, the well-ksown work of Mrs. Heine, of Fort Scott; and another, by Mrs. Swanson, of Newton, a very beautiful thing, much admired on account of its delicate designs. Two long- necked Grecian vases were placed in the upper recesses, the work of the women of Girard. The niche formed by the mantel made room for a pretty piece of furniture ; and built, as it seemed, expressly for it, was a settee of native oak, upholstered with blue plush, the cushions embroidered with sunflowers. In one of the fan-shaped corners were the words, "Greenwood County, Kansas," on the flat surface. Across the corner was a handsome divan, upholstered in danesse of terra cotta, brocaded designs of native flowers, and "Bourbon County" embroidered in silk across the lower part of the back. A chair of native oak was elaborately carved with designs in oak leaves. The back consisted of one piece, with "Ottawa County" carved across the top. The seat was upholstered with leather, stamped with the same design in oak leaves and scroll work. The chair was contributed by the Woman's Colum- bian Club of Ottawa County. Under the beautifully decorated Franklin county window stood a divan of black walnut, upholstered in silk brocatle, plain but very rich, from La Cygne. The ladies of Ottawa, particularly Mrs. C. F. Briggs, deserve all the credit of the artistic draping of the three south windows. Many a newspaper woman found material for the woman's column of her paper from them. The mate- rial was yellow and white China silk, finished with a frieze of the same colors . The middle window was a beautifully decorated white glass, with designs of sunflower and corn, and the words, "Ottawa, Franklin County, Kansas." The decorations above, below and between these windows were puffings of pale green satin ; between each puff were photographic views of residences in Ottawa. In the southeast corner stood a horn chair upholstered in leather, with a lovely sunflower design in the seat, and a leather fringe around the chair. This chair was the property of the Ladies' Keading Club, of Junction City. Numerous applications were made for the price of this furniture, and many glanced covetously at it. Near it was another horn chair, high backed, a companion piece to the one just mentioned, upholstered in jaguar skin. Many remarks of wonder and 54 Kansas at the World's Fair, 189S. admiration were bestowed upon these two chairs that seemed to vie with each other in the favor of the visitors. The latter was the property of the Woman's Columbian Club of Dodge City. Beside these was the Emporia chair, more elaborately carved than any other piece of furniture in the room. The termination of the posts were carved ears of corn, with the husk turned half way down. The upper sec- tion of the back represented a large sunflower, across which was carved, in raised letters, the word " Emporia," while the lower section was bordered by sunflowers, and the word " Kansas " carved across it. At the right side of the seat was the word "Woman's," the front "Columbian," the left "Club." It was upholstered in bear skin. This massive piece was an eflective orna- ment to the room. In the northeast corner stood the sunflower chair of the Woman's Colum- bian Club of Troy, Doniphan county. The back was of solid black walnut, overlaid with an Osage-orange sunflower. The seat was of solid walnut, in- laid with the sunflower, and the word "Kansas." The front of the seat was inlaid with "Doniphan County." This chair needs no encomiums ; the work- manship speaks for itself. Between this chair and the piano were two chairs contributed by the Woman's Club of Seneca. The frames were of black walnut, one upholstered in light terra cotta silk, the other in dark. The top panels of the backs were carved in sunflowers ; the front of the chairs, with the word " Seneca." On the north side of the room was an elegant and valuable piano, placed at the disposal of the Board of Managers by Geo. P. Bent Piano Company, of Chicago, and by them presented to the girls' reformatory, at Beloit. The same style and make of piano was awarded two medals and two diplomas of the hightest honor at the World's Fair. The window-door opening on the veranda was curtained with a rich linen scrim with a deep border of brown silk work (Kansas silk), and fringe of linen lace made by Mrs. Lathrop ; the curtain was the work of Mrs. McDan- iel, both of Concordia. Between the parlor and the historical room, the dooi'S were appropriately draped with portieres of Kansas silk, in the design of the American flag. The white raised stars, on the blue field, gave a striking eflfect, while an em- broidered dado of golden sunflowers finished the piece; the whole conception and design was unequaled by anything of a like nature on the ground. This was contributed, also, by the Woman's Club of Concordia, whose ruling spirit is Mrs. N. B. Brown. Between the two doors hung the Jewell county banner, the body of cream silk tapestry, embroidered in yellow silk; a genuine Kansas sunflower in the upper left corner, a stalk of corn with two huge ears, suggestive of the qual- ity of corn raised in that county ; the lower right corner in golden rod ; the words, "Jewell the banner corn county of Kansas. Her daughters commem- orate her glory, 1893." The word "Jewell" emblazoned with sparkling jew- els. It was finished in heavy gold fringe and two large tassels. The draping Report of the Board of Managers. 65 was a rich golden-browD plush scarf, lined with rich yellow satin, and finished in heavy gold fringe. It belongs to the Woman's Columbian Club of that county, and is now placed in the statehouse. On the north side of the room, near the piano, was the "Woman's Relief Corps, the design of the department of Kansas. At the top of the design is our country's emblem, from whose beak extend streamers containing the words "Kansas Woman's Relief Corps." At the top, "Firing on Fort Sum- ter;" in the scroll at the right, "Home, Sweet Home;" at the left, "Encamp- ment or Reunion." In the scroll at the left bottom is the W. R. C. badge ; above it their motto; below it the words, "Protection to our protectors." In the scroll at the right bottom is the G.A.R. badge; above it the word "Com- rade;" below it the words "Our Honored Friends." At the bottom are the "Willing Hands." In the oval in the center is the soldiers' monument. On each side of the monument the stars and stripes hang at half mast, and at the top the seal of Kansas. All the various designs are symbolical, and teach lessons of patriotism and devotion to the country and to its defenders. The original design was drawn by Mrs. J. C. Trotter, of Wichita, and executed on a piece of Kansas-grown oak wood by Prof. H. Worrall, of Topeka. The painting was done by Geo. M. Stone, of Topeka. It was draped with six silken flags, which gave a beautiful and touching effect. It was placed in the Kansas building by Mrs. Ida Wilson Moore, past department president. One of the portraits in the room was that of a child with golden curls, with the new moon in the background, done by Mrs. M. E. Peck, of Concor- dia. This portrait hung over the mantel. The other was a portrait of a beautiful lady, a life study. Over one of the doors hung a study of the passion flower, beautifully done by Mrs. Westervelt McGill, of Fort Scott. Over the other door was a painting of Hutchinson's mill, by Josie Fur- man, of Marysville; a veritable landmark, truthfully rendered. A small painting of sunflowers and a panel of pansies were by the brush of Mrs. Cordrey. Over the piano was a tapestry painting by Miss Kelly, of Leavenworth, a colonial scene; a young gallant in a three-cornered hat, and a dainty miss in a short-waisted frock, tripping daintily over the lea. The floor was covered with a handsome Wilton rug, in terra cotta shades, that harmonized well with the general coloring of the room. It was furnished by the ladies of Newton. In the center of the room stood a table in mosaic work that represented three years' work, there being 9,000 pieces of wood, and 39 different kinds. Exhibited by the ladies' club of Girard, and made by John McCabe. It was an exquisite piece of workmanship. The rug at the head of the stairs belonged to the ladies of Irving, and is now in the "Old Ladies' Rest," at Leavenworth. The description of the "sunflower parlor" would be incomplete without mentioning the exquisite banner of white silk, with gold lettering, decorated 56 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. with the floral emblem of the state and finished with gold fringe and tassels. More copies, it is safe to say, were made of that poem than of any piece of literature on the exposition grounds. One stanza in particular seemed to be the keynote of this exquisite symphony in yellow : " You may talk about yer lilies, yer violets and yer roses, Yer asters an' yer jasymines, an' all yer other posies; I '11 allow they all 'er beauties, 'er full of sweet perfume, But there 's none of 'em a patchin' to the sunflowers in bloom." The poem was composed by Albert Bigelow Paine, and the artist was Hannah W. Heine, of Fort Scott. Historical and Reading Room. The walls of this interesting room were literally covered with the pictures hereafter mentioned — pictures of men past and present; pictures of men who made our state what it is. Each picture told its own story. Here, above all others, was the place for study and meditation — "the students' corner." The room was furnished by the ladies of Topeka, in heavy oak, simple and sub- stantial — comfortable settees, easy chairs, rockers and other chairs, reading ta- bles, on which were found the latest papers, supplied by the editors of Kansas and of Kansas City, Mo., and convenient writing desks and newspaper files. A deep frieze of cured grasses, made by the ladies of Topeka, the late Mrs. A. G. Stacey being the designer, (for which the Board of Managers take this opportunity to express their heartfelt thanks,) bordered the tinted walls. Straw matting covered the floor, and plain light curtains shaded the windows. The aim of the historical society in this exhibit was fourfold: (1) To show in some respects the growth and career of Kansas from the beginning of its settlement ; (2) to contribute to the interest of the general Kansas ex- hibition ; (3) to indicate, through an exhibit from the library of the society, the literary work and thought of the people of Kansas from the earliest period ; (4) to show the manner in which the state has undertaken to pre- serve and perpetuate the materials of its own history for the use of future generations, and at the same time to make such material useful as current in- formation brought into one accessible place, as events transpire in all parts of the state, from day to day and from week to week throughout every year. The society hung on the walls of the reading room in the Kansas build- ing over 100 pictures ; these were, in part, portraits of prominent citizens of the state, governors. United States senators and representatives in Congress, and of others distinguished in the history of the state for their services as pioneers or otherwise. In part, they were pictures representing events of some special historical interest. Pictures of "Old John Brown," taken at different times and places, were hung on every side. His last words, in his own handwriting, hung below one of them. A fine bust of him was placed on a shelf near by. Many other pictures were shown in album cases. Nearly 200 volumes of Kansas books were placed in the exhibit; books of Kansas authorship or of state y. y O CO* hi !Zl I w CO 01 o l-H w > w f o JO CO p Oq (I cn Report of the Board of Managers. ^b Passing through the doorway between massive columns, having the appear- ance of solid masses of grain, and arched overhead with a solid corn dec- oration, it was a physical reminder that the visitor was at least entering a land of corn, if not of wine. The walls of either of the doorways were two feet in thickness. The marked feature of the inside wall decoration was a frieze of handsomely-adorned bunches of grain and grass, so arranged as to form a continuous series of perpendicularly-bisected, diamond- shaped figures, 3? feet wide. In no case did this frieze fail to call forth words of praise from the admiring thousands that thronged the pavilion. (See plate.) This filled the space from the top of the windows to the top of the wall ; that on the ends was made of timothy ; that on the sides, of wheat. The space be- tween the arched windows, and extending upward to the frieze, was filled by small bunches of grain and grass, placed in fan shape. Some of these fan decorations were made of rye, others of oats, orchard grass, blue grass, meadow oat grass, flax, sorghum, Kaffir-corn and broom-corn heads. The castellated corners were adorned on the sides and on top with stately sheaves of grain, beautifully trimmed with ribbons. The terraced elevations supported similar sheaves of grain. Placed in a variety of positions beneath these were stars made of sorghum heads. Below these, and on each of the four elevations, was the word "Kansas," made by fastening dried flowers of various bright colors to wire letter frames. The 20 windows of the pavilion were 20 objects of interest, eliciting the admiration and calling out the compliments of the thousands of visitors. Six of the windows were solidly decorated with ear corn ; 14 were decorated with grains and grasses. In no two of the windows were the decorations alike in pattern, yet a perfect system was observed throughout. All of the win- dow decorations were put on solid. The constant change in the decorations, where uniformity might have been expected, prevented the multitude of ob- jects from wearying the visitor, by exciting new interest at every turn. The system followed throughout bound all together as so many different objects constituting one vast collection of exhibits. The wall decorations, inside and out, represented all the grain and grass products of the state. They were prepared with great care, and made from choicest specimens. In the center of the pavilion stood a pyramid, on either side of which were open spaces to the doorway. Here were two center partitions, covered with bright cloth as a background for the exhibits. The number of exhibits, the names of exhibitors and the awards appear in another place. No dupli- cates of exhibits were shown. To each exhibit was attached a card giving name and address of exhibitor, date of planting, seed per acre, cultivation, date of harvest, yield, weight, market price, temperature, and rainfall. In each corner of the pavilion, and in each angle made by the projections, was placed one or more exhibits of oats or wheat. The exhibits of grain in straw and grasses were securely tied in place with ribbons. The sheaves were from three to eight inches in diameter. —5 6(y Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. The south side of the east. partition was covered with grains, as follows: Commencing in the center with a remarkably tall sheaf of wheat, on the right of this a sheaf of rye less in height, on the left a sheaf of wheat not quite so tall as the first, and thus were they put up until the edges of the partition were reached — wheat on the left, rye on the right, each successive addition being less in height, the ends of these sheaves rested on the floor, the tops forming a curve. A similar circle of exhibits was made above this one, oats in the sheaf taking the place of the rye in the one just described. The ends of the second course made the same curve as the heads of the first, and were six inches above them. Then a third course was made out of tame grasses. At either end stood a bundle of broom corn 12 feet high ; on either side of these magnificent specimens of millet, one from Marshall county that stood eight feet high. On the north side of this same partition was exhibited corn on the stalk in the same manner, by commencing in the center with the tallest stalks, the tops of the corn describing a curved line, the ends resting on the floor ; on the west side of the stalk corn were suspended mammoth ears of corn, commencing at the top, four side by side, and so on till the floor was reached. On the east edge, beside the corn, were two sheaves of German millet. The husks of the corn were half laid back, so as to show the size of the ears. The taller stalks were 16 i feet high, and the ears were of remarkable length and size, thus making an exhibit of its kind unsurpassed by any other in the building. Above the corn was a course of sheaves of oats and wheat, the base of the sheaves making the same curve as the top of the stalk corn, and about six inches above. The top of the sheaves reached to the top of the partition, describing an arc of greater curvature than that of the base, by selecting the taller sheaves for the center. The effect of this arrangement of grains on either side of the partition was fine. The trimming of the sheaves of grain with ribbon made them beautiful in themselves; the curved lines in which they were exhibited, seemingly made necessary by the different lengths, added to the effect. Then, above all, the wonderful size of the sam- ples, the great length of some of the straw, indicated that such things were not scarce in Kansas. Then the arrangement, that enabled all to be seen at a glance, created an idea of vastness in the mind of the observer that rarely failed to call forth the expression, "What a wonderful grain state you have." On the south side of the west partition the exhibits were bundles of corn on the stalk, placed side by side, the tallest in the center, the bases of the corn- stalks terminating on a line three feet above the floor. On either side of the stalk corn was a fringe of ear corn, made by suspending four ears side by side, with four others immediately below, and thus to the floor. Above the stalk corn, in circular line, were hung bunches of sheaves, six in a place. No small ears were selected for this border. At the foot of this stalk corn, and reaching to it, was a table in length equal to the partition and 2] feet wide, the top a slightly inclined plane, covered with 11 half-bushel samples of ear corn, five white and six yellow. It was Johnson county's best, and needs no other com- Report of the Board of Managers. 67 ment. The decoration of this side of the partition constituted a beautifully- wrought panel of corn ; it was near the most frequented entrance, and fronting the office; an excellent place to introduce to Kansas our guests from states that believed they could raise corn. This we were pleased to do in an un- ostentatious manner. If they thought this panel only equal to the best their own state could produce, they were often conducted in an easy manner to the stalk corn on the north side of the east partition, which in quality was greatly superior to that last mentioned, and there were they allowed to draw their own conclusions. On the north side of the west partition, 24 bundles of sorghum cane from the Agricultural College, at Manhattan, were seen; each bundle represented a different variety. The arrangements followed that of the other partition ex- hibits ; the taller bunches were placed in the center and spaced so as to consti- tute the first course, the ends resting on the floor, the tops describing an arc of a circle. Small bunches of red Kaffir corn were placed between each bundle of cane. The marked difference in appearance between the bunches, and the fact that these canes were non- saccharine in character, created much interest. And when we note that they were grown in Kansas, in 1892, from India seed raised in 1891, and the growth was greater the first year than in their native land, it was considered evidence conclusive of Kansas' ability to raise cane. Above this sorghum exhibit was placed, in circular form, an ex- hibit of the wild grasses of the state, the taller ones in the center, and reach- ing to the top of the partition. The west edge of this center piece was adorned with a stately bundle of broom corn, reaching from the floor to the top; by the side of this broom corn, and about seven feet high, some one, to us unknown, tacked up apiece of cardboard, on which was printed: "Farm- ers are Welcome to Free Desks and Writing Material in the Stock Pavilion." The three first words were in large type, and the others in small type. In the hurry incident to making the best use of the time, very few people read more than the first three words, and kindly accepted it as our invitation to visit our exhibits ; and of course they were welcome. We did not remove the sign. In the center of the pavilion stood a handsome, octagonal-shaped pyra- mid, 18 feet in height and 10 feet in diameter, with 20 receding, polished shelves. On these shelves, extending around the pyramid, were placed glass jars containing wheat, oats, shelled corn, rye, barley, buckwheat, clover timothy, and millet seed. They contained the best of each kind that could be found ; their merits were relied upon to command for our state an honorable place in the family of agricultural commonweaths. Confidence was felt in the result. To say that this confidence excited just a little pride in the sitii'^tion, is not an overdrawn statement. Each jar bore a label, giv- ing the commercial name of the exhibit, name and address of the grower, the yield per acre, and the test weight. Each sample was carefully tested be- fore being placed on exhibition. Most of the wheat ranged in weight from 63 to 65 pounds per bushel. No oats were placed on exhibition that would not test 35 pounds ; some tested 42 pounds ; of course, the corn that was 68 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. shelled and put in the jars was selected; Kansas never had occasion to blush on account of its quality, but rather enjoyed the compliments passed upon it by our guests. Each sample was given an award. These jars "stood up for Kansas" nobly, and were placed to the best possible advantage, color and ar- rangement being taken into consideration. All the desirable samples of wheat received by the Board, when the necessary statistics could be had, were exhibited. Many a Kansan viewed those shelves of grain to read the labels on his neighbor's wheat, and regret that he himself had not supplied an exhibit. Above the shelves were eight upright rows of corn, alternating in color, while . crowning all was a tall glass jar filled with golden corn. Midway between the center and north wall stood a table on which was ex- hibited 20 samples of ear corn; and opposite this was a table 5 feet wide and 16 feet long on which was displayed vegetables, of which the onion ei - hibit was especially excellent, containing over 100 plates, and representing 75 varieties. To the State Agricultural College, at Manhattan, is due much of the credit for this display of onions, which, we believe, was surpassed in quality and number of varieties by no other exhibit; it received a richly- merited award. In the southwest corner of the pavilion was the office. It was found necessary to have some place where some one could be found to give infor- mation to the inquiring public. This position was filled most of the season by A. P. Collins, a member of the Board. He was relieved at times by Senator King, ex-Governor Glick, and, during the month of October, was assisted by Professor Hay, of Junction City. The exhibit and decorations were made from the crop of 1892. When the crop of 1893 was nearing maturity, it was decided to introduce in this place samples from the new crop. Accordingly, choice specimens were secured from many localities in the state. These com- prised many of the very choicest in the pavilion. They consisted of rye, wheat, oats, millet, timothy, alfalfa, blue grass, orchard grass, in the straw ; also, stalk corn. Each was marked with a card, "Crop of 1893," in ad- dition to a tag showing the history of the sample. As all of our space for exhibits on walls and tables was filled, the samples for 1893 were placed in a line, commencing in front of the office and extending along the south wall of the pavilion. This arrangement gave to our exhibit an appearance of being complete, with this line of magnificent specimens left over, and when a visitor saw the card "Crop of 1893" attached, the mystery deepened, and many would turn to the person in charge, with astonishment, and say, "I thought you had a drought in Kansas?" "We always have a drought in Kansas; this is the size the stuff grows when we have a drought." The next question usually was, "How large do these things grow when it rains?" During the latter part of the fair a very pleasant but earnest rivalry sprang up between the different exhibitors in the agricultural building, which resulted in almost daily additions to the exhibits. These additional exhibits, and especially ear corn, became the center of attraction among vis- <1 » 00* o Ed p p CO CO w «r5 p 01 -J Report of the Board of Managers. 69 itors. The quality of the exhibits can be inferred when the Board was per- mitted to make entries of them for award, and Kansas did not fail of an award in any one of such entries. Many amusing incidents might be re- ated in connection with this pavilion during the summer, but a line must be drawn somewhere, and this description will close by introducing a few quotations of remarks made to the management showing their opinion of the work of Kansas: Kansas Man: "This makes me feel prond of my state." Commissioner from Oregon: "I think Kansas made for the money she had the best showing in the agricultural building." California Man: "I want to compliment you Kansas people on your fine dis- play; I have seen nothing like it." New York Man: "No other spot on earth could produce such products." Rev. Henry (of California, taking notes for a lecture tour): "This is the finest thing we have found; it is grand." Illinois Man: "I have seen all the agricultural exhibits, and you have certainly got the best." North Carolina Man: "It is the finest grain display I have seen." Massachusetts Man: "Did they really all grow in one year? " Minnesota Man: "Kansas is strictly in it, with no superiors and few rivals." Michigan Man: "You must have a very fertile state to produce such products." Idaho Man: "This is the most wonderful exhibit I ever saw in my life." Maryland Man (correspondent Baltimore Sun): "They can't beat you anywhere in cereals." Alabam.a Man: "Kansas takes the cake." Ohio Man: "I have been through this building, and you have the finest exhibit in it." New Brunswick, Dominion of Canada, Man: " This is the finest exhibit I have seen in the building. It is wonderful." Pennsylvania Man (judge of the federal court): "I congratulate you on your exhibit. It illustrates the richness of your soil, and its arrangement the fertility of brain." New Jersey Man: "This beats everything else in this building." Missouri Man: "You have an excellent exhibit. We had three times the money you had, but you beat us all out." Commissioner from France: "You have a very interesting exhibit." Michigan Man: "Kansas is repeating the work she did at the Centennial, leading everything." Iowa Man: "This beats everything but Iowa, and theirs is no better." Illinois Man: "I feel that I cannot compliment you too highly on your exhibit. I must vote for Kansas the first place." Massachusetts Man: "We give Kansas the cake; in exhibit and artistic design they do n't come near you." Texas Man: "Your agricultural exhibit is the most beautiful thing I ever saw in that line." Wisconsin Man: "Kansas, I say good for you; I never before thought so hand- some a place could be made of grain." Rhode Island Man: "Without any reserve, I say you have the finest exhibit on the grounds." Indiana Man: "You have a wonderful exhibit. It is beautiful as well as excel- lent." 70 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. Nebraska Man: "Wo are neighbors, bat we must give you the praise of beating us." Pen)isylvan\a Man: "I hav« taken pleasure in examining your products. You are far in advance of your Philadelphia exhibit in 1876." Virginia Man: "Splendid! If a farmer in our state should see this, he would either commit suicide or move to Kansas." Tennessee Man: "You have the most complete and beautiful exhibit I have seen on the grounds." Ex-United States Senator B. W. Perkins: "Kansas shows up well; none of them look better." Topeka, Kas., Lady: "This will do; I think I will tie a blue ribbon on this ex- hibit." Mexican Man: "Kansas is the finest country here." Oklahoma Man: "I thought we had the best country in the world, but this looks as though we would have to take it back." Washington, D. C, Lady: "In every field and department we go, Kansas leads them all." Mr. McBride (late Kansas insurance commissioner): "I am delighted with this exhibit." Canada Man: "We have felt that our exhibit led all else, but since we have seen yours, we think you beat us." Kentucky Man: "Kansas always manages to get to the front at the fair." Ex-Governor Pelham, of Maine: "You have a beautiful exhibit; it does great credit to your state." New York Lady and Husband: "My husband is an architect by trade. We have examined your exhibit carefully and we agree that it is the handsomest agricultural exhibit we ever saw." Indiana Man: "Well, I expected to see Kansas make a good agricultural exhibit, but I did not expect to see you clean all the boys up in this style." New York Man: "Most wonderful! there is nothing like it; your designer had great skill." The following is a list of Kansas entries for competition in the agricultural building: Nos. 1 to 31, Wheat. — Gotlieb Adam, Marysville; A. Anderson, Marysville; P. E. Butler, Glasoo; S. H. Cramer, Ottawa; N. I. Dalton, Topeka; Frank Belong, Belle- ville; S. Detweiler, Hiawatha; G. B. Donmyer, New Cambria; W. W. Eddie, Marys- ville; J. K. Edwards, Phillipsburg; J. D. Foster, Washington; B. D. French, Concordia; J. H. Fritz, Riley; Thos. Gillespie, Salina; H. W. Hoflfraan, Salina; H. A. Huston, Junction City; J. L. Johnson, Marysville; L. Landon, Russell; W^. S. Lower, Holton; John Lazelier, Linn; A. C. Rait, Junction City; Wm. Bundle, Clay Centre; A. Shrieve, Wamego; W. H. Smith, Topeka; J. H. Sayles, Norcatur; S. B. Wilson, Clay Centre; Cyrus Wray, Salina; S. T. Collins, Belleville; G. Y. Johnson, Willis; D. C. Bowersox, Belleville; W. A. Gordon, Abilene. Nos. 32 to 75, Wheat in Straw. — Fred. Auble, Medicine Lodge; E. Baxter, Wood- land; George Binder, Waterville; J. 0. Butler, Topeka; S. Clinents, Grantville; B. F. Dawson, Topeka; S. Elmore, Topeka; G. Frisbie, Grantville; E. A. Goodall, Topeka; J. F. Goodwin, Menoken; J. P. Hall, Medicine Lodge; F. Ham, Grantville; W. J. Ham, Grantville; E. Hinney, Ames; Mrs. Hutchinson, Silver Lake; G. Y. Johnson, Willis; C. O. Kriepe, Tecumseh; G. F. Lundstrom, McPherson; R. J. McAtee, Hiawatha; James McHenry, Grantville; Wm. McHenry, Grantville; August Neck, Emporia; L. H. Pounds, Topeka; J. B. Reed, Tecumseh; Jacob Roler, Menoken; E. E. Ross, Men- oken; T. S. Runyan, Medicine Lodge; J. Rush, Menoken; M. P. Simpson, McPher- Report of the Board of Managers. 71 son; J. Smelser, Menoken; Fred. Sommers, Concordia; Harvey Stone, Medicine Lodge; C, W. Stover, Topeka; G. Underwood, Grantville; Joseph Webber, Osborne, Orville Webber, Pellerville; I. P. Winslow, Padonia; J. D. Ziler, Hiawatha; J. F. Greene, Lawrence; T. J. Anderson, Topeka; John Kern, Bonner Springs; J. P. Car- ter, Solomon City; Frank McConnel, Salina; A. P. Collins, Salina. Nos. 76 to 115, Corn. — A. P. Collins, Salina; T. A. Cullinan, Junction City; A. Det- lor, Topeka; J. F. Eamheart, Howard; John Fulcomer, Belleville; B. J. Hammett, Schroyer; C. A. Hammett, Schroyer; L.Hammond, Scandia; James Irvin, Gardner; Wm. Johnson, Gardner; A. E. Jones, Topeka; E. G. Koder, Manhattan; James Price, Morganville; Charles Reed, Prairie Centre; Thomas Rodgers, Prairie Centre; S. Severy, Reading; D. W. Stanley, Holton; J. F. Streeter, Junction City; F. G. Wal- ton, Florence; Isaac Wilmer, Parsons; B. L. Wilson, Salina; S. Wolf, Ottawa. Ear Corn. — W. E. Snyder, Hiawatha; P. K. Fisher, Morrill; Adam Rankin, 11 samples, 5 white, 6 yellow, Olathe; F. E. Myers, Whiting; G. W. Stevenson, Sabetha; F. Lemley, Hiawatha; Adam Rankin, Olathe. Shelled Corn. — E. V. Sayers, Ottawa; James McFarland, Ottawa; C. F. Wolf, Ot- tawa; J. C. Currey, Prairie Centre. Corn on Stalk. — N. E. Bartholomew, Topeka; N. I. Dalton, Topeka; J. H. Jones, Troy; Adam Rankin, 5 samples yellow and 5 white, Olathe; S. Severy, Reading. Kaffir Corn. — Joel A. Stratton, Reading. Sweet Corn. — -F. Lemley, Hiawatha. Nos. 116 to 133, Oats — Thomas Anderson, Salina; N. E. Bartholomew, Topeka; H. H. Collins, Belleville; N. L Dalton, Topeka; F. Fry, Salina; Chas. Hatje, Glasco; H. W. Hoffman, Salina; J. R. Knox, Manhattan; Wm. Kossow, Maysville; L. Lan- don, Russell; W. S. Lower, Holton; Dick Myers, Riley; W. P. Peak, Belleville; A. C. Rait, Junction City; James Sullivan, Salina; W. G. Swift, Clay Centre; J. E. Van- natta, Belleville; Erich Wiberg, Clay Centre. Nos. 134 to 144, Oats in Straw. — N. E. Bartholomew, Topeka; Buchee Bros., Mc- Pherson; J. Cowgill, McPherson; Otis Dalton, Topeka; L. Goose, Topeka; J. H. Jones, Troy; George Kilm.er, Oskaloosa; Rush Bros., Topeka; Washburn College, Topeka; T. J. Anderson, Topeka; J. B. Case, Abilene. Nos. 145 to 149, Barley. — A. M. Claflin, Salina; S. H. Cramer, white, hull-less, Ot- tawa; Peter Pfeifer, Osborne; S. H. Williams, Abilene; S. H. Cramer, black, hull-less, Ottawa. Nos. 150 to 152, Barley in Straw. — J. Regole, Burlingame; S. P. Hodges, Portland; A. P. Riordan, McLouth. Nos. 153 to 160, Rye in Straw. — Eli Benedict, Medicine Lodge; S. Detweiler, Hia- watha; Ethel Dick, Topeka; G. Frisbie, Grantville; J. H. Jones, Troy; L. Landon, Russell; J. C. Necum, Tecumseh; J. G. Pratt, May wood. No. 161, Buckwheat. — Adam Rankin, Olathe. Nos. 162 to 164, Orchard Grass. — N. I. Dalton, Topeka; Theo. Krippe, Topeka ; H. H. Kern, Bonner Springs. Nos. 165 to 174, Timothy. — H. H. Kern, Bonner Springs; J. Bengole, Burlingame; John Brandscom, Grantville; N. I. Dalton, Topeka; S. Detweiler, Hiawatha; Jacob Miller, Newman; Wm. A. Mosher, Lawrence; J. J. Norris, North Topeka; S. Wilson, Grantville; T. J. Anderson, Topeka. Nos. 175 to 183, Millet.—^. E. Bartholomew, Topeka; N. I. Dalton, Topeka; F. Driscal, Wichita; A. E. Jones, Topeka; J. H. Jones, Troy; Frank Mangole, Newman; J. B. Sims, Topeka; F. M. Spangler, Marysville; T. J. Anderson, Topeka. Nos. 184 to 192, Alfalfa. — Andrew Shreive, Clyde; Otis Dalton, Topeka; Thomas Anderson, Salina; N. I. Dalton, Topeka; Jeflf. Dasflap, Osborne; S. P. Fisher, Mc- 72 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. Pherson; Anson Miller, Chico; John H. Churchill, Dodge City; Samuel Westbrook, Garden City. Nos. 193 to 198, Kentucky Blue Grass. — N. E. Bartholomew, Topeka; A. P. Rior- dan, McLouth; E. Baxter, Waveland; E. Zimmerman, Hiawatha; H. H. Kern, Bon- ner Springs; T. J. Anderson, Topeka. Nos. 199 to 204, English Blue Grass. — J. B. Sims, Topeka; S. Dick, Topeka; Adam Kathay, Hamilton; Baxter Waverland, Topeka; Thomas Buckman, Topeka; John Kern, Bonner Springs. Nos. 205 and 206, Redtop Grass. — D. P. Hoagland, Olathe; Thos. Hart, Hiawatha. Nos. 207 to 213, Red Clover. — N. I. Dalton, Topeka; S. Detweiler, Hiawatha; Thomias Hart, Hiawatha; J. M. Lannier, Derby; Joseph L. Webber, Osborne; J. D. Ziller, Hiawatha; G. G. McConnel, Menoken. No. 214, Clover Seed. — J. H. Delivan, Lawrence. No. 215, Sorghum., Cane Sugar, and Syrup. — Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Company, Parsons. No. 216, Sorghum Canes. — Twenty-four varieties, non-saccharine canes. Seed from India, 1891. Kansas State Agricultural College, Manhattan. Nos. 217 to 238, Potatoes. — Early Vermont, Bermudas, Empire, White Pearl, and Early Ohio, by J. P. Stevenson, Sabetha; Early Ohio, H. P. Ewing, Lawrence; Early Ohio, E. R. Hays, Topeka; Early Ohio, S. H. Downs, Topeka; Mammoth Pearl, E. R. Hays, Topeka; Early Ohio and Belle of Michigan, by Wm. Schwartz, Burlingame; Peach Blow, Green Mountain, Early Beauty, Early Rose, Mammoth Pearl, Burbank Seedling, Red, Blue Victors, Red Peach Blow, and Early Ohio, by E. R. Hays, To- peka; Victor, W. A. Doyle, Achilles. Nos. 239 to 243, Sweet Potatoes. — Red, Yellow Nansemond, and Southern Queen, by S. H. Downs, Topeka; Yellow Nansemond and Early Anthemum, by John Arm- strong, Topeka. Nos. 244 to 246, Beets. — Turnip and Long Red Blood, by J. P. Stevenson, Sa- betha; Long Red Blood, P. P. Fadley, Hiawatha. Nos. 247 to 319, Onions. — By the State Agricultural College, the following varieties: Cross & Blackwell's Silver Pickling, Extra Early Barletta, Extra Early Pearl, Early Hard White Dutch, Hard Round Silverskin, Ivory Ball, Large White Silverskin, New White Bunch, Paris Pickling, Round White Silverskin, Giant White Rocca, White Victoria, Thoburn's Excelsior White Pickling, W^hite Bunch, White Globe, White Prize Winner, Queen, White Rocca, White Flat Bermuda, White Maggiojola, White Portugal, White Bartletta, White or Silverskin, White Pearl, Early Red Globe, Globe Madeira? Red Rocca, Giant Rocca of Naples, Mammoth Pompeii, Red Victoria, Light Red Giant Rocca, Madrid Giant, Red Giant Rocca, Large Red Globe, Flat Maderia, Red Bassan, Yellow Flat Danvers, Early Red Flat, Large Red Tripoli, Extra Early Red, Bloom- dale Extra Early Red, Pale Red Bermuda, Giant Rocca, Yellow Flat Danvers, Early Yellow Cracker, Giant Yellow Rocca, Golden Ball, Large Yellow Globe, Michigan Yellow Globe, Nasby's Mammoth, Prize Taker, Prize Taker Livingston, Round Yellow Danvers, Yellow Strasburg, Yellow Globe Danvers, Yellow Globe Spanish, Yellow Danvers, Adriatic Bartletta, Early Pearl, Philadelphia Yellow, El Passo, Early Barletta, Extra Early White Pearl, Early Flat Halian Tripoli, Giant White Tripoli, Giant White Tripoli, Silver Ball, Leonard's Chicago Silverskin, Mammoth White Garganns, Marzajola, Neopolitan Marzajola, New Queen, Spanish King. Also, the following: Yellow Rocca Sets, White Rocca Sets, Red Rocca Sets, and Yellow Rocca, by F. Barteldes, Lawrence; Yellow Wethersfield, by H. H. Kern, Bonner Springs; Silverskin, Yellow Giant Rocca, and Red Wethersfield, by S. H. Downs, Topeka; Red Rocca, by H. P. Ewing, Loring; Yellow Wethersfield, by R. W. Scott, Junction City M M <1 •-J <1 I-" o Ms O I— I li^ ?d O O ^ P W M OQ nd O P fcd a> Q .gf; O Q Hd w I— ( w CO (D O O P P' l=b o o •-1 g P w p p o m H » CD* p- o I w o CO so CO to «5 (P Report of the Board of Managers. 73 Nos. 330 and 331, Broom Corn. — F. J. Haskinson, Marquette; Harvey Beason, Wheeler. Nos. 332 and 333, Squash. — F. Barteldes, Lawrence. No. 334, Watermelon. — E. R. Hays, Topeka. Nos. 335 to 339, Flax. — N. E. Bartholomew, Topeka; Joseph Sturdy, Waveland; John T. Six, Wakarusa; N. I. Dalton, Topeka; Geo. Tincher, Elmont. No. 340, Cotton. — Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Company, Parsons. No. 341, Walnut Log. — State of Kansas (in the forestry building). Mining Exhibit. All the preliminary work for the mining exhibit was done by Professors Haworth and Williston, of the State University, under the direction of the old Board. The arrangement with those gentlemen was continued by the present Board, and active work was begun immediately after the organiza- tion of the Board, and, by dint of close application and the assistance of citi- zens wherever called upon, an exhibit was finally made which called forth surprise and admiration from many thousands of visitors. A considerable portion of the material was donated, large quantities were kindly loaned, a few choice specimens were rented, and the remainder was purchased. The principal donors were: The Lyons Rock Salt Company, of Lyons, which donated tons of rock salt to be used in making the installation, and two barrels of choice specimens to be exhibited in show cases. The Best-Keene Cement Company, of Medicine Lodge, which gave large amounts of massive gypsum, for installation purposes, and good samples of the manufactured products. Many mine operators and private citizens of Galena gave liberally of the products of their mines. Col. W. B. Stone, of Galena, loaned 6,000 pounds of pig lead, and the Cherokee Spelter Com- pany, of Weir City and Pittsburg, loaned 4,000 of metallic zinc. So far as practicable, everything was prepared for erection before it left the state. The woodwork was all made at home, and a total of three car loads of material was shipped. Everything was practically in place and ready for exhibition by the opening day. May 1, although considerable "fixing up" was subsequently indulged in. About the 1st of June a pamphlet was issued, giving the extent and value of the mineral resources of the state, 75,000 copies of which were distributed during the remaining five months ; also, many thousand small souvenir spec- imens of rock salt and other minerals were given away to visitors who seemed especially interested in the exhibit. The space granted Kansas in the mining building was very favorably lo- cated, in the northeastern part on the first floor. It joined the wall of the building on the north. The main aisle trending north and south through the middle of the east half of the floor, and separating the mining exhibit proper from that of mining machinery, passed along the east side. The most prominent east and west aisle in the whole building passed it on the south, while a very convenient short aisle, leading from one of the main doors on 74 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. the north, formed its western boundary. It is doubtful if there was a more prominent corner in the whole building. The materials exhibited were : Metallic lead, lead ores, metallic zinc, zinc ores, rock salt, and gypsum, with different kinds of cement, plaster, etc., made therefrom. Additional space, just west of that described above, was given the state, but it was turned over to the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad, for the purpose of making an extensive fuel exhibit, in which coal from the leading coal districts in the state was to be included. Unfortunately, the coal miners' strike, early in May, prevented the erection of this exhibit ; it was then too late for the state to take the matter in hand ; so that the only Kansas coal ex- hibited was two large pyramids erected on the grounds near the state build- ing. It is but fair to add that most of the leading coal companies of the state were invited to make exhibits of their own in the Kansas space in the mining building, but none chose to do so. Professor Williston exhibited various kinds of building materials in the same space. In erecting the building, a floor was first laid seven inches above the main floor. On top of this, a wall was built 17 inches high, of rock salt dressed like building stone, on top of which was placed a course of solid gypsum slabs, sawed 7 by 12 inches. Five openings were left in the wall, in each of which was placed a nicely-dressed white-limestone step, from our famous Cottonwood Falls quarries. The salt and gypsum thus employed produced a beautiful effect, and also served as a part of the exhibit. On either side of the main entrance on the south, two pyramids were built of solid galena, three feet high, which supported a massive arch, on which the name Kansas was painted in black and gold, so that it could be read 300 feet away. On either side of this arch, a pyramid 12 feet high was built of the rougher ores of lead and zinc. Some very choice pieces of ore were placed in these pyramids; in the southeast one, the most remarkable specimen of lead ore, galena, was placed which was exhibited at the fair. It weighed over 600 pounds, about 450 or 500 pounds of which was pure galena. The most peculiar feature about it was its perfect crystallization. The cubes of galena were of immense size, some of them being fully 62 inches across, while perhaps no one was less than two inches. No other lead-ore specimens at all approaching this ore in magnificence could be found in the whole building. In the central part of the floor stood a square show case, four feet on a side ; for a base, four long slabs of rock salt were neatly dressed, which lifted the case 15 inches from the floor. This little case was equivalent to one 16 feet long, and was devoted to the best specimens of lead and zinc ores. The best crystallized varieties of lead ore were placed on the southeast side, and formed a collection pronounced by experts to be as fine as had ever been exhibited in America. On the southwest side the massive pieces of lead ore were placed, the brilliant cleavage faces of which attracted more attention from the ordinary visitor than anything else in the exhibit. The two back sides Report of the Board of Managers. 75 of the case were devoted to zinc ores. This one case contained at least 3,000 pounds of ores. Quite a large number of other specimens also were placed in other cases. Immediately west of the square case a hexagonal pyramid of metallic zinc was erected, 16 feet high, containing about 4,000 pounds of the metal, which was kindly loaned the exhibit by the Cherokee Spelter Company, of Weir City. On the east of the square case, a six-sided column was built of pig lead, to a height of about 10 feet above the floor, containing no less than 6,000 pounds of lead, which was loaned to the exposition by Col. W. B. Stone, of Galena, Kas. Back of these a double-faced case was placed on a gypsum base, holding it 15 inches above the floor, which was principally devoted to the building- stone exhibit. Immediately back of this, and against the wall, stood a single case with a vitrified-brick support, one-half of which contained the best speci- mens of rock salt, the remainder being devoted to building materials and ores. The wall spaces and corners at either end of this case were filled with large pieces of salt, some of which weighed nearly 1,000 pounds each. The whole exhibit was thus placed in an unusually compact form, and was so arranged that it presented a massive appearance, thus indicating the abundance of material we have to draw from. Samples of the metallic lead, metallic zinc and rock salt were analyzed by Mr. Carey, the official chemist of the mining department, the results of which were so satisfactory that they may be reproduced here : Kansas Salt ( Lyons Rock Salt Co. ) Salt 99.9395 Insoluble 0185 Iron and alum 0175 Lime 0180 Magnesium 0065 100.0000 Potash Trace Bromine Trace Iodine None Sulphates None Phosphates None Nitrates None Kansas (Cherokee) Spelteb. Zinc 98.244 Lead 1.011 Iron 745 Kansas Lead (Colonel Stone's). Lead 99.9293 Antimony 0166 Copper 0501 Iron 0036 Silver 0004 Nickel Trace Bismuth None Zinc None Cadmium None 100.0000 The metals were taken directly from the smelting furnaces, and had not been refined; the sample of salt was selected. The above results are most satisfactory, especially for the lead and salt. The lead has a higher degree of purity than many samples have after passing through purifying processes, while the salt is much superior to the average "pure" salt to be found in the markets. Every exhibit made by this department received an award. In the min- ing building, the awards were not graded "first," "second," etc., but were given where especially meritorious exhibits were made. From the very out- set, it was determined to make no exhibit which could not be brought to a 76 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. high degree of perfection, both in the quality of the material and in the mode of exhibiting it. The very satisfactory results just mentioned speak for themselves, so that comment is unnecessary. One of the duties of the attendant was to distribute souvenir specimens of minerals, and certain literature especially prepared for the occasion. Masses of rock salt, lead ore and zinc ore were broken into attractive looking pieces, from a half inch to an inch in diameter, and handed out piece by piece to those who showed interest in such matters. A conservative estimate would place the number of pieces thus distributed at not less than 200,000, which means that as many visitors went home carrying with them a tangible reminder of the rich mines of Kansas. The lead and zinc ores come exclusively from Cherokee county, although small amounts of the ores have been found in other places. Our zinc smelters are located in Cherokee and Crawford counties, and yield the largest amount of metallic zinc per year of any state in America. Our coal comes almost entirely from the eastern half of the state, although some of the western counties produce brown coal of considerable value. Our building stones are unlimited in quantity, and are evenly distributed over a greater portion of the state, so that but few counties have none. Kansas has salt enough to supply the world for 1,000,000 years, and it is of as good quality as can be found anywhere. Our plaster and cement industries are rapidly increasing, with every pros- pect that in a few years the output will approach $1,000,000 annually. Oil and natural gas already are obtained in paying quantities in different places in the southeastern part of the state. They already supply light and fuel for different thriving cities, thereby saving annually many thousands of dollars. Our clays are known to be abundant and of good quality, especially those suitable for the manufacture of vitrified brick. As the demands for such products increase the output of our mines will correspondingly increase, so that we may reasonably expect heavier develop- ment along this line in the future. In different places within our state valuable deposits of mineral paints are known to exist, some of which are already placed upon the market and others will be in the near future. It may not be amiss to add that this exhibit has been a most excellent advertisement to the state along lines which previously had been largely neg- lected. It was a most common remark by visitors, that they did not know Kansas had any lead and zinc mines, or salt mines, or smelting furnaces. Those who were better informed still had but a faint conception of the real magnitude of our mining interests. When told that our mines were more than a fourth as productive as those of the great mining state of Colorado, great surprise was expressed ; but when it was added that our mines and smelters brought our state an annual income equal to one-fourth the market value of all the silver mined in the United States, it could hardly be believed. Such M X M <1 O Pi f Pi CD* > o I P CO p w Report of the Board of Managers. 77 exhibits show to the world that, in addition to our greatness along the better- known lines of agriculture and stock raising, we also have relatively impor- tant industries founded upon mineral wealth, which cannot be destroyed by drought or insect pests, and which constantly yield a hundredfold profit. The Kansas exhibit of building and ornamental stones in the department of mines and mining comprised about 150 specimens, averaging six inches square by half as many in thickness, with one side smoothed and polished and the others rough or chiseled. Each specimen was accompanied by a large label showing the geological position and the locality, together with a full chemical analysis, the crushing strength per square inch, the weight per cubit foot, specific gravity, and a magnificent photograph of the structure made upon a thin slice of the stone. The collection comprised specimens from the following places, many of the localities being represented by several diflferent geological horizons : Subcarboniferous. Limestone from Galena, Cherokee county ; one of the handsomest and at the same time most useful building and ornamental stones of the state. Carboniferous. A number of specimens of excellent paving stones from the vicinity of South Mound, Neosho county. The stones in this locality are in every respect like those from the famous Fort Scott quarries, though occur- ring in fewer layers. From Montgomery county, some five or six specimens of excellent sandstones, from an inexhaustible quarry, and a specimen of the most ornamental shell marble to be found in the state. From Crawford county, excellent paving stones like those of Fort Scott, from the vicinity of Farlington. From Allen county, aside from a number of good limestones from Humboldt, several specimens of the limestone from the noted lola quarry — a massive limestone of over 30 feet in thickness, and of excellent quality. From Wilson county, specimens of what seems to be the most use- ful ornamental stone yet known. While not as handsome as the Independence shell marble, it is firmer in texture, and occurs in larger masses. From Woodson county, specimens of the heavy sandstones in the vicinity of Yates Center, and a good ornamental limestone. From Chautauqua and Elk counties, massive sandstones and ornamental limestones. It is of interest to observe that most of the ornamental stones of the state, so far, occur in the southern and eastern counties. From Linn county, paving stones like those of Fort Scott, though occur- ring in only a small number of layers. The most interesting stones from this locality, however, are the strongly bituminous sandstones, so impregnated as to be combustible, and doubtless capable of economic uses. From Anderson county, specimens of five or six limestones of good qual- ity, from Garnett and Greeley. From Franklin county, in addition to the excellent blue limestone from Ottawa, of which the new university building there is composed, specimens of excellent oolite, from Lane. 78 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. From Douglas, Johnson, Wyandotte and Leavenworth counties, a dozen or more specimens of good, but not especially noteworthy, limestones. Shawnee, Atchison, Doniphan, Brown and Nemaha counties are each rep- resented by one or more specimens of good limestone from developed quarries. The chief and altogether the best limestones of the state are from the up- per carboniferous strata, from an horizon which is traceable across the state from east of Marys ville, on the north, to Cambridge, Cowley county, on the south. This stone was represented by numerous specimens from Beattie, in Marshall county; Manhattan, in Riley county; Alma, in Wabaunsee county; Strong City, in Chase county, and Cambridge, in Cowley county. While the stones from all these localites have a strong resemblance, there are no two alike, either in composition or structure. The stone is a comparatively coarse framiniferal limestone, incapable of polish, the most of them capable of with- standing exposure better than most of the stones in the more eastern part of the state. From the uppermost carboniferous or Permian stratum there is an equally distinct horizon, further west than the one just mentioned. Specimens of this stone were from Clay Centre, in Clay county, from Marion, in Marion county, and Winfield and Arkansas City, in Cowley county. The stone is of finer structure than that of the horizon below, and, while making an excellent building stone, has not the durability of some others. The only magnesian stone yet found in this state is from this horizon, at Marion Centre, a speci- men of which was exhibited. Cretaceous. In the western part of the state, notwithstanding the numerous geological divisions, the stones are, as a rule, much inferior to those of the east- ern part of the state. Furthermore, there is a greater lithological constancy over larger areas, so that one county will not offer different kinds from those of adjoining counties. The belt of sandstone running across the state, consti- tuting the Dakota cretaceous, is represented by specimens from Cloud and Saline counties. From the succeeding geological formation, the Fort Benton cretaceous, there is good serviceable limestone, very common in many coun- ties, represented by specimens from Osborne, Russell and Lincoln counties. From Lincoln county, also, there is a fine-grained hard limestone, capable of receiving a good polish. From the Niobrara cretaceous, overlying the Fort Benton, there are numerous specimens of chalk of different degrees of firm- ness, and varying in color from the ocher of Trego county to a clear white chalk, not at all inferior to the English chalk; this chalk, differing only in color, occurs in many of the western counties, and is represented by speci- mens from Gove, Logan, Trego and Hamilton counties. A finer-grained limestone at the base of this formation, and making a very serviceable build- ing stone, is represented by specimens from Hamilton and Hodgeman coun- ties; it occurs as far north as Jewell county. Tertiary. The uppermost geological formation in the state, the Loup Fork, offers no stone of more than local value, save the remarkable "granite," represented by specimens from Phillips county, a sandstone composed of Report of the Board of Managers. 79 quartz and feldspar, and exceedingly hard, forming one of the very best stones for paving blocks, for which use much of it has been quarried. Other softer sandstones and sandy limestones from this formation were represented in the collection by specimens from Phillips and Norton counties, though the same material occurs in most of the counties of the extreme northwest. Specimens of gypsum are included, from the carboniferous, at Blue Rapids, and the triassic, of Barber county. The foregoing gives very briefly an outline of what this state had to offer in the line of building stones, and I believe that no important building stone of the state was unrepresented. Professor Williston spent nearly five months in the field, traveling, in their collection. He, in conjunction with Professor Marvin, of the department of engineering, and Professor Bailey, of the de- partment of chemistry, have in preparation an extended work on the stones of the state, based upon the material exhibited, and which will include a full discussion of all their properties and their geological relations. The work will be published early in 1894, and the reader is referred to it for further information concerning any of the specimens. Forestry Exhibit. This exhibit consisted of a large walnut log 15 feet in length and 78 inches in diameter, containing over 3,000 feet of inch-board measure, and was, without doubt, the largest walnut log on exhibition at Jackson park, and supposed to be the largest walnut log in the world. This mammoth tree was grown on the farm of P. W. Gowell, four miles north of Linwood, Leavenworth county; bought and cut April 9, 1892, by J. H. Rudrow, for J. H. Verbeck. It was placed on exhibition in the for- estry building, where its wonderful size and quality attracted much attention. An examination and counting of the annual growth at the time the tree was felled showed that it was 40 years old when Columbus discovered America. The State Agricultural College made a fine exhibit of the woods of Kansas, in the Kansas state building. Live Stock. The act of the legislature providing for the exhibit of the industries of the state of Kansas at the Columbian Exposition enjoined upon the Board of Managers a consideration of the live-stock interests of our state. No more important subject could have been submitted to them, nor one attended with more difficulties in securing the proper exhibition of our live- stock industries at that great fair. When it is recollected that the valuation of the live stock of Kansas for 1892 was $109,024,141, representing, as it does, of the meat-producing animals, the sum of $50,759,496, it is easily un- derstood why the legislature felt such a deep interest in that part of the do- mestic economy of our state. Adding to this the fact that the animals slaughtered for human food for the year 1892 amounted to $35,280,273, it was 80 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. incentive enough to make an honest effort to secure a representation of that vast interest. When it is understood how difficult it is and the time it requires to pre- pare animals for exhibition, especially where the competition is to be very sharp or severe, many men of small means would shrink from the undertak- ing, even though they felt that they had animals in their flocks and in their herds that, with an equal show, would compare favorably with any others that might be exhibited. It takes from two to three years to prepare a herd of cattle for exhibition at a fair, and at least one year for swine and sheep. The appropriation being made in March, 1893, made it absolutely impossible for many citizens, who had not been engaged in fitting their animals and showing them yearly at fairs, to participate in the Columbian Exposition. But, notwithstanding this fact, Kansas made a very creditable show of her live stock, securing many premiums or awards for the fine animals exhibited. In furthering the object and purpose of the legislature, the Board of Man- agers, after their organization, caused to be arranged and published a list of premiums that would be paid to the owners of animals competing and win- ning prizes under the Columbian rules and premium list. Under the organi- zation of the Columbian Exposition, it was impossible for Kansas, as a state, or her citizens, to make a competitive exhibition with each other, so that they could receive awards or premiums from the state. The animals had to be entered in competition with those of our own and other countries, and were compelled to take their chances with the vast number taken to that fair for exhibition. The Board found that the most that could be done, and the only thing they could do, was to offer premiums for all animals owned by citizens of Kansas that received the first and second premium at the Columbian Ex- position. For the purpose of stimulating an interest on the part of our citi- zens engaged in the breeding of fine stock, the following announcement was made, and publicity given it by the Kansas Farmer and other Kansas pa- pers : The Kansas Board of World's Fair Managers offer the following special pre- miums in the breeding classes on animals owned and kept in Kansas by residents of Kansas, and exhibited by them at the World's Columbian Exposition: GA.TTL.'E.— Shorthorns. Bull taking World's Columbian sweepstakes premium, $100. 1st prein. 2d prem. Best bull, 3 years or over $25 00 $20 00 " " 2 years and under 3 years 20 00 15 00 * ' " over 1 year and under 2 years 15 00 10 00 " " underlyear 10 00 6 00 Herefords. Bull taking World's Columbian sweeptakes premium, $100. Best bull, 3 years old or over $25 00 $20 00 " '* 2 years old and under 3 years 20 00 15 00 " " over 1 year and under 2 years 15 00 10 00 " under 1 year 10 00 5 00 Aberdeen Angus. Bull taking World's Columbian sweepstakes premium, $100. Best bull, 3 years old or over $25 00 $20 00 " " 2 years old and under 3 years 20 00 15 00 " ' * over 1 year and under 2 years 15 00 10 00 " underlyear 10 00 5 00 X X I GD M W o P td p crq 00 X X X p o Ma >► CQ CQ w o H Q d f H W ;► o o »— ' CP5 CD CO Report of the Board of Managers. 81 Galloways. Bull taking World's Columbian sweepstakes premium, $100. 1st prem. 2d prem. Best bull, 3 years or over $25 GO $20 00 ' • " 2 years and under 3 years 20 00 15 00 " " over 1 year and under 2 years 15 00 10 00 " under 1 year 10 00 5 00 Jerseys. Cow of any age taking World's Columbian first premium, dairy test $100 00 '' " " " " second premium, dairy test 50 00 " • " " " " third premium, dairy test 25 00 SHEEP. — Shropshire. 1st prem. 2d prem. Bast ram, 3 years or over $25 00 $20 00 " " 2 years and less than 3 years 20 00 15 00 " " 1 year and under 2 years 15 00 5 00 Merino. Best ram, 3 years or over $25 00 $20 00 " " 2 years and less than 3 years 20 00 15 00 " " 1 year and under 2 years 15 00 10 00 SWINE. — Berkshire. 1st prem. 2d prem. Best boar, 2 years or over $25 00 $20 00 " " 1 year and under 2 years 20 00 15 00 *' under 1 year ... 15 00 10.00 Poland-China. Best boar, 2 years or over $25 00 $20 00 " " 1 year and under two years 20 00 15 00 " under 1 year 15 00 10 00 Mak'iQ Bros., of Florence, made a fine and very creditable show of 12 head of Hereford cattle, and, in the exhibition in the show ring, they made a fine representation for our state, and acquitted themselves with great credit, as will be seen by the number of awards they received in the show ring, in competition with nearly 300 head of splendid animals of that breed. C. F. Stone, of Peabody, made a fine and very creditable exhibit of several head of Holstein-Friesians. The showing made by Mr. Stone was very fine. Many of this herd have stood tests as great milkers, in competition with other animals; and had circumstances permitted Mr. Stone to have placed animals of his herd in the "dairy test," he no doubt would have shown animals equal to any in the exhibit. The Holstein-Friesian society decided not to place that cliiss of animals in competition in the "dairy test," which of course re- sulted in excluding animals from Mr. Stone's herd. The La Veta Jersey Cattle Company, of Topeka, made a most creditable exhibit of that valuable and beautiful class of cattle. They were under the care of Mr. G. F. Miller, president of the company, who had them in splen- did condition when they were led into the sh )W ring in competition with over 200 head of Jersey animals. It is to be regretted that the Shorthorn breeders had no representation of that grand breed of beef-producing animals on exhibition ; but W. W. Walt- mire, of Carbondale, exhibited one of his Shorthorn cows, Genevieve, in the " dairy test," and she acquitted herself with credit and honor to her owner. She stood No. 15 in a list of 26. Genevieve was No. 34 in a field of 45 cows, including the pick of the Jer seys, Guernseys, and Shorthorns, in the 30-day dairy butter test, and made a —6 82 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. net profit for the 30 days of $21.43; and her butter record beingT43.853 pounds, worth $13.11 i. Mr. Waltmire's Shorthorn heifer Aggie 2d won the third prize in the 30-day test for heifers under three years old, making tlie most butter at the least expense, in a field of 15. R. S. Cook, of Wichita, W. E. Gresham, of Burrton, and P. A. Pearson, of Kinsley, all made fine and grand shows of that favorite breed of Kansas swine, the Poland-China, and secured for themselves many compliments for their tine herds, and a large number of awards, as will be shown under the proper heading. E. D. King, of Burlington, made an exhibition of a flock of 50 Merino sheep. This flock had to compete with a large number of animals of this class from many parts of the world, and in the contest Kansas did not take second place. Mr. King's herd made a magnificent showing, which places him in the front rank as a breeder of Merino sheep and an expert and dis- creet exhibitor in the show ring. Of the 19 ribbons won by Mr. King, 17 of them were taken by sheep of his own breeding. Henry Balliet, of Tonganoxie, exhibited his French coach stallion Joyua (No. 565), in competition with a large number of horses of that famous breed, and in the sweepstakes competition received the fourth award, with the offi- cial ribbon. Dairy Exhibit. In consequence of certain resolutions and communications emanating from the Kansas Board of World's Fair Managers and the executive council of the Kansas State Dairy Association, R. L. Wright was appointed superintend- ent in charge of the dairy exhibit. The superintendent could not remain all the time at Chicago, as he had to collect the exhibits each month and consolidate the shipments at Kansas City, which saved much time and drayage at Chicago; and it may be permissible here to note that this work could not have been accomplished with any degree of satisfaction to the exhibitors but for the very excellent cold storage termi- nal arrangements at Kansas City and Chicago, connected with both the Rock Island and Santa Fe refrigerator systems. The state exhibit was also materially benefited by the addition of several special pick-up refrigerator cars on branches of the Santa Fe, where several of the creameries were located. With only a few exceptions, this almost faultless system of refrigerator service on the two great roads which traverse our state and connect with their own lines from Kansas City to Chicago made it possible to put Kansas butter into the dairy building at Jackson park in as good or better condition than when first loaded on the cars. We have thus settled the question for all time as to whether or not Kansas can become a dairy state. The general quality of the butter exhibited was good, some excellent, as indicated by the scores received, and which goes far to demonstrate that our soil, climate, grasses, forage and water are all preeminently adapted to the production of first-quality butter; which, when combined with the compara- Report of the Board of Managers. 85 tively short winter season, must, at no distant date, cause the intelligent and progressive dairyman to look to Kansas as the future paradise of the dairy cow. We made a total of 104 exhibits, on 24 of which World's Fair diplomas and medals were secured. Our exhibit of butter for the month of June made an average score of 94.54 points. In the month of July we made 26 exhibits, the average score for which was about 91.79. It must not, however, be inferred from the deficiency of the July, as compared with the June, scoring that the quality of our butter was inferior. The difference occurred in consequence of an entire change in the board of judges, whose standard of quality for the months of July, Sep- tember and October was much higher than that by which the June exhibit was scored. The fall season appeared to be the best part of the year in which to prosecute dairy work in Kansas ; hence it was that in the months of September and October our butter makers secured their highest honors. In, the month of September we made a total of 22 exhibits, nine of which were awarded diplomas and medals, the average score of the state exhibit being considerably higher than those obtained by Kew York, Illinois, and Indiana. In October we made 21 exhibits, the average score for the state being a frac- tion over 93.9 points, ranging from 89 to 97, leading Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois, in the West, also Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, and Canada,, in the East. We had only one package of butter this month that scored down to 89, whereas that was the average score of the Canadian exhibit. In a general manner the above figures indicate the superior quality of our exhibits. For a more detailed account, those interested should refer to the table of scores made by each exhibitor and appended hereto ; also, to the list of awards. In October, J. E. George, of Burlingame, exhibited a very fine package- of dairy butter, which secured a score of 96^ points, being marked 41 i for flavor and perfect in all other respects, the highest score this month reached by any of our creameries being 95 points, except in the case of J. E. Nissley,, whose points scored 97. The dairy butter to which reference has been made was also very highly commended by the judges; and, when it became known that the butter was made in Kansas, several of the superintendents, in com- pany with Professor Robertson with the Canadian delegation, were invited by the judges to examine the exhibit and see what could be produced in the line of strictly fine butter, even as far south and west as Kansas. There were only one or two other exhibits in the dairy class which scored more than 96? points, and those scoring higher were from such noted dairies as that of Vice- President Morton and others similarly situated. Therefore, when such an ex- ceptionally high quality of exhibit as this is made, it should be regarded hy all as conferring great honor on our state. Out of a total of 36 exhibits in the dairy class, the same month, Illinois only had one to reach 962, whereaa^ Kansas reached the same distinction, out of a total of six exhibits. Mr. George had also taken the first premium at the Osage county and the 84 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. state fair this year, scoring 94 in each instance. He will also be entitled to the first premium in the state dairy class, on an average of four exhibits at the World's Fair ; and more recently he has exhibited butter in the dairy association contest which was scored by an expert at 95 points, which will entitle him to the State Dairy Association gold medal for the best butter ex- hibited made by any process, thus securing the first gold medal awarded to Kansas dairy butter. Such an extended reference as the foregoing may be regarded by some as superfluous in this report, and it would doubtless be so were it not for the encouragement it may afford to many in our state to go forward to success in this important industry. In the dairy class at the World's Fair, two Marion county exhibitors also got second and third place in the state competition, together with diplomas and medals from the World's Fair bureau of awards. In the gdthered-cream class, the first state premium will go to the Ellin- wood Creamery Company, and the second to Peabody. The greatest competition, however, occurred in the separator-cream class, there being from 12 to 16 exhibits each month, and in some instances the competition was very close, as will be seen by reference to the total score of the four exhibits made by the Abilene and Meriden creameries, each of which are 378?, and the Enterprise creamery, which is 378, The gold medal of the association, together with $25, the amount of the first premium, has been awarded to J. E. Nissley for the best four exhibits of print butter, and further, for the highest average score awarded to any four exhibits of butter from the state at the World's Columbian Exposition, which is the highest score ever awarded in public competition to any butter made in the "sunflower" state. The dairy and creamery men generally are deserving of great credit for the very excellent showing which has been made at Chicago; they have done their part nobly and well, amid many inconveniences and discouragements. They have borne aloft the dairy banner of Kansas, and demonstrated by the scores secured by their products that the dairy business is now fairly com- menced, and will succeed if prosecuted in an intelligent and energetic manner. Whatever can be done for this industry by the legislature of this state ought certainly to be done. No field more profitable can be found for the judicious expenditure of a moderate sum in the form of an annual appropria- tion from the state. No officer connected with any department of agriculture in our state could do more for the people at large than might be accomplished by an energetic dairy commissioner, with a well-defined and a practical dairy law behind him. Our state is being made the dumping ground for hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of fraudulent imitation dairy products, which are being represented in the majority of the sales as genuine butter. Therefore, both the public and the dairyman have a right to be protected against such an outrage, and nothing but a thoroughly practical dairy law, rigidly en- forced, can accomplish this purpose. The total quantity of butter sent for exhibition by our state was 18,133 pounds. We made a small display of cheese, but did not enter into competition for M > o I DTQ O* pi St o ►-J (I CO p CfQ CD C5 Report of the Board of Managers. 85 World's Fair honors with other states. This was caused largely by the very defective condition of the World's Fair cold storage. The cheese was from the ]N^ortonville cheese factory, and also from the factory belonging to Mr. John Bull, Ravanna. When the cheese first arrived they were a little too young to be entered in the June exhibit, and therefore with a prospect of material improvement and condition if entered for a later exhibit, they were placed in the dairy department storage, during the absence of the superin- tendent while collecting the July exhibit of butter. Upon his return, it was discovered that the refrigeration had not been applied to the cases, and there- fore the cheese were in much too heated a condition to go on exhibition ; hence it was decided not to have the cheese entered for competition, but to compare the two exhibits and to give the state premium upon a merit of the goods as each exhibit appeared at that time, the first premium going to John Bull, Ravanna, the second to the Nortonville cheese factory. JUNE EXHIBIT. NAMK OF EXHIBITOR. J. E. George, Burlingame A. E. Jones, Topeka J. P. Den, Florence George Hobrine, Florence J. A. McCurdy, Florence J. Scharenberg. Florence .*. L. M. HofE, Burr Oak C. Armstrong, Clyde A. L. Gable, Riley Peabody Creamery Compan.y EUinwood Creamery Company Winchester Creamery Company Lyndon Creamery Company Enterprise Creamery Company Shady Brook Creamery Company Woodbine Creamery Company Golden Belt Creamery Company Beverly Creamery Company Marquette Creamery Company Neosho Rapids Creamery Company Emporia Creamery Company Hope Creamery Company Ramona Creamery Company Sedgwick Creamery Company Abilene Creamery Company Talmage Creamery Company Bell Springs Creamery Company Meriden Creamery Company Moundridge Creamery Company Hillsboro Creamery Company Newton Creamery Company Halstead Creamery Company White Water Creamery Company Minneapolis Creamery Company Abilene Creamery Company Score. 96 94 98 + 97+ 93 93 94 92 92 96 95 94 95 95 96 96 91 91 87 92 94 96 96 93 98 + 94 95 93 95 96 96 96 95 96 99 + Totals 3,309 Averages 94 . 54 Sep- Gath- arator ered class, cream. 94 95 95 96 96 91 91 87 92 . 94 96 96 93 98+ 94 95 93 95 96 96 96 95 96 Dairy class. Print class. 94 92 92 96 95 96 94 98+ 97 + 93 93 99+ 94.33 I 93.80 i 95.16i SQ Kansas at the World^s Fair, 1893. JULY EXHIBIT. NAME OF EXHIBITOR. J. P. Dell, Florence ■Geo. Hobrine, Florence J. E. Georfje, Burlinganae J. A. McCurdy, Florence J. Scharenberg, Florence Meriden Creamery Company Minneapolis Creamery Company Lyndon Creamery Company H. R. Dutt, Birmingham Newton Creamery Company White Water Creamery Company. . . . Hope Creamery Company Peabody Creamery Company Hesston Creamery Company Sedgwick Creamery Company Neosho Rapids Creamery Company . Talmage Creamery Company Bell Springs Creamery Company Abilene Creamery Company Hillsboro Creamery Company Halstead Creamery Company Enterprise Creamery Company Ellin wooQ Creamery Company Ellinwood Creamery Company Newton Creamery Company Abilene Creamery Company Totals Averages 91 . 79 — Score. 93 92 90 93 95 -t- 94* 90 78 94 94i 97i+ 95 91 94 88 93 93J 89 89i 90* 89* 94 89 90 94 + 9.5i + Sep- arator class. 2,386* 94* 90 78 94 94* 97* + 95 94 88 93 93* 89 89* 90i 89* 94 89 Gath- ered cream. 1,553* 91.38 Daii-y class. Print class. 93 92 90 93 95+ 91 90 181 90.50 463 92.30 94+ 95*+ 189* 94.75 SEPTEMBER EXHIBIT. NAME OF EXHIBITOB. Abilene Creamery Company Heizer Creamery Company Dillon Creamery Company J. Gardner, Meriden J. E. George, Burlingame Ellinwood Creamery Company. . . J. Scharenberg, Florence J. P. Dell, Florence Geo. Hobrine, Florence Meriden Creamery Company. . . . Hope Creamery Company Sedgwick Creamery Company. . . ■J. A. McCurdy, Florence Ellinwood Creamery Company.. . Talmage Creamery Company Bell Springs Creamery Company Enteri^rise Creamery Company.. Ramona Creamery Company Peabody Creamery Company Heizer Creamery Company Minneapolis Creamery Company Abilene Creamery Company Totals Averages Score. Sep- arator class. 93*+ 1 96*+: 88 95 + 92* 95+ ' 83* 85 84 ! 96*+, 89 I 92 91 j 95+ 93 95i + i 94 ! 91 I 88 I 95* + 93* I 96 + 88 95+' 96*+ 89 92 93 95* + 94 91 95i + 93) 96+ 2,023 91.95* 1,119_ 93.25 Gath- ered cream. Dairy class. Print class. 93*+ 96*+ 95 + 92* 83: 85 84 91 95-1- 88 183 91.50 631 88.85 190 95 Report of the Board of Managers. 87 OCTOBER EXHIBIT. NAME OP EXHIBITOR. Abilene Creamery Company Abilene Creamery Company Enterprise Cr-^amery Company. . Ramona Creamery Company Meriden Creamery Company .... Minneapolis Creamery Company. Talmage Creamery Company .... EUinwood Creamery Company. . . Bell Springs Creamery Company Sedgwick Creamery Company. . . . Winchester Creamery Company. . EUinwood Creamery Company. . . Winchester Creamery Company. . Peabody Creamery Company Hope Creamery Company J. E. George, Burlingame J. Scharenberg, Florence A. E. Jones, Topeka J. P. Dell, Florence J. A. McCiirdy, Florence George Hobrine, Florence Score. 97 + 95 + 95 + 95 + 94i 94 94 94-f 93i 93i 93 91* 91 91 91* 96i + 93i-+ 92 90i 90i 89 Totals 1 19,55i Averages ' 93. 9i Sep- arator class. 95 + 95 + 95+ 94* 94 94 93* 93* 93 91* 91^ Gath- ered cream. 1,030* 93.68 'J4 + 91 91 276 92 Dairy class. Print class. 97 ^ 96* + 1 93* + 92 90* 90* 89 552 92 97 The following table will show the total score of the state exhibit, also the average thereon, based upon 104 exhibits: 96 95 94 96 94* 93 95* 96* 95* 94 92 94 94 96 96 90 93* 93* 89 93* 93* 90* 98 95 96 95 78 89 96* 92 96 93* 90* 97 95 93 96 94 89* 88 91 97 93 89 93 96 98 99 94* 90* 95 95 95 91* 93 96 94 93 97* 89* 92* 93 95 91 94 91 95 92 95 94 95 95* 95 91 92 91 93 90 91 89 83* 94 94* 91* 92 89 95 93 94 90 85 91 94 96* 96 92 96 95 88 94 84 88 94 93* 945 932 950 945 916* 912 908* 925 949^ Total, 9,674* ; or a fraction less than 93.25 average on the entire exhibit. List of Awards. 929 362 HORSES. Henry Balliet, of Tonganoxie. French Coach stallion, sweepstakes, 4th premium, with official rib- bon. Premium paid by Board of Managers, $25. CATTLE. — Herefords. Makin Bros., Florence. Class 2. Bull 3 years or over, 4th premium $15 00 Bull 2 years and under 3 years, 3d premium 20 00 Bull 1 year and under 2 years, 3d premium 20 00 Heifer under 1 year, 2d premium 30 00 Young herd, consisting of 1 bull and 4 heifers, all under 1 year old, bred by exhibitor, 4th pre- mium 25 00 Two animals of either sex, the produce of one cow, 1st premium 80 00 Premium paid by Board of Managers 200 00 Holstein-Friesians. C. F. Stone, Peabody. Class 7. Bull 3 years old and over, 4th premium $15 00 Bull 1 year old and under 2 years, 4th premium 15 00 Cow 4 years old or over, 2d premium 35 00 Cow 3 years old and under 4 years, 1st premium 60 00 Heifer 2 years old and under 3 years, 1st premium 50 00 88 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. Heifer 1 year old and under 2 years, 2d premium ^30 00 Heifer under 1 year, 2d premium 30 00 Herd graded by ages, 4th premium 25 00 Young herd, consisting of 1 buli and 4 lieifers under 2 years, 2d premium 75 00 Four animals, either sex, the get of one sire, 2d premium 75 00 Premium paid by Board of Managers 200 00 Jerseys. La Veta Jersey Cattle Company, Topeka. Board of Managers' premium $200 00 SWINE.— PoiiAND-CHiNA. R. S. Cook, Wichita. Class 56, Boar under 6 months, 4th premium $20 00 Sow 6 months and under 1 year, 1st premium 40 00 Sow 6 months and under 1 year, 4th premium 20 00 Boar and 3 sows under 1 year, 2d premium 50 00 Boar and 8 sows under 1 year, 1st premium 75 00 Four pigs, the get of the same boar, 2d premium 75 00 Four pigs under 6 months, produce of the same sow, 2d premium 75 00 Paid by Board of Managers 43 33 Poland-China. Wm. E. Gresham, Burrton, Boar 6 months old and under 1 year, 3d premium $25 00 Boar under 6 months, 1st premium 40 00 Sow under 6 months, 4th premium 20 00 Four pigs under 6 months, 3d premium 65 00 Paid by Board of Managers 48 33 Poland-China. P. A. Pearson, Kinsley. Premium paid by Board of Managers |58 33 SHEEP.— Mekino. E. D. King, Burlington. Class 48. Ram 2 years old and under, 2d premium $25 00 Ram 1 year old and under 2 years, 3d premium 20 00 Ewe 2 years old and under 3 years, 2d premium 25 00 Ewe 2 years and under 3 years, 3d premium 20 00 Ewe 1 year old and under 2 years, 4th premium 15 00 Ewe under 1 year, 1st premium 25 00 Ewe under 1 year, 2d premium 20 00 Ram and 3 ewes, all over 2 years, 2d premium 30 00 Pen of 5 ewes 2 years or over, 2d premium 35 00 Pen of 2 rams and 3 ewes, 2d premium 35 00 Pen of 2 rams and 3 ewes, 3d premium 25 00 Premium paid by Board of Managers 100 00 Dairy Awards. Butter. — J. Scharenberg, Florence; White Water Creamery, White Water; Hesston Creamery Company, Hesston; Abilene Creamery Company, Abilene; Heizer Cream- ery Company, Heizer; John Gardner, Meriden; Meriden Creamery Company, Mer- iden; EUinwood Creamery Company, Ellinwood; Bell Springs Creamery Company, Abilene; Ramona Creamery Company, Ramona; Enterprise Creamery Company, 'En- terprise; Abilene Creamery Company, Abilene; J. P. Dell, Florence; Geo. Hobrine, Florence; J. E. George, Burlingame. Premiums given by the State Dairy Association to those competing at World's Fair, for best exhibits in following classes: Prints, Fancy Butter. — Ist premium and gold medal, to J. E. Nissley, Abilene. Dairy Class. — Ist premium, J. E. George, Burlingame; 2d, A. P. MoCurdy, Flor- ence; 8d, J. P. Dell, Florence. Gathered Cream. — Ist premium, Ellinwood Creamery Company; 2d, Peabody Creamery Company. Separator- Cream Class. — Abilene Creamery Company, 378i points; Meriden O I •-S o w C/3 o p ci- ty CO ee w P CD Oi CO X >■ m <-i o' C2 CK5 ID Ct) CD '^'^. liin %*f V. " Report of the Board of Managers. 89 Creamery Company, 378i points; Enterprise Creamery Company, 378 points. Awaiting decision of committee. Cheese. — 1st premium, John Bull, Ravanna; 2d, Nortonville Cheese Manufacturing Company. The following is a list of awards on Kansas products in the agricultural building: Red Winter Wheat— ^. B. Wilson, Clay Centre; W. H. Smith, Topeka; A. C. Rait, Junction City; John Lazelier, Linn; Thomas Gilespie, Salina; G. B. Donmyer, New Cambria; H. W. Hoffman, Salina; S. H. Cramer, Ottawa; J. H. Sayles, Norcatur; A. Shrieve, Wamego; Cyrus Wray, Salina; N. I. Dalton, Topeka; Wm. Rundle, Clay Centre; B. D. French, Concordia; W. W. Eddie, Marysville; P. E. Butler, Glasco; Gotlieb Adam, Marysville. Hard Winter Wheat. — J. D. Foster, Washington; J. H. Edwards, Phillipsburg; H. A. Huston, Junction City; S. T. Collins, Belleville; S. Detweiler, Hiawatha; W. S. Lower, Holton; L. Landon, Russell; G. Y. Johnson, Willis; J. L. Johnson, Marysville; A. Anderson, Marysville; J. H. Fritz, Riley; Frank Belong, Belleville. Red Winter Wheat in Straw. — Orville Webber, Pellerville; Wm. McHenry, Grant- ville; T. S. Runnion, Medicine Lodge; Aug. Neck, Emporia; C.W. Stover, Topeka; J. B. Reed, Tecumseh; C. 0. Kreipe, Tecumseh; J. A. Butler, Topeka; S. Elmore, Topeka; Henry Stone, Medicine Lodge; J. F. Goodwin, Menoken; John Kern, Bonner Springs, A. P. Collins, Salina; T. J. Anderson, Topeka; J. F. Greene, Lawrence; Frank Mc- Connel, Salina; E. A. Goodell, Topeka; S. Clinents, Grant ville. Hard Winter Wheat in Straw. — J. P. Carter, Solomon City; Fred. Auble, Medi- cine Lodge. White Ear Corn. — James Irwin, Gardner; Wm. Johnson, Gardner; T. A. Cullinan, Junction City. Yellow Ear Corn. — J. B, Hammett, Schroyer; J. F. Streeter, Junction City; Chas. Reed, Prairie Centre; A. P. Collins, Salina; P. K. Fisher, Morrill; Adam Rankin, Olathe; F. E. Myers, Whiting; G. W. Stevenson, Sabetha; W. E. Snyder, Hiawatha; F. Lemley, Hiawatha. Sweet Ear Corn. — F. Lemley, Hiawatha. White Shelled Corn. — E. V. Sayers, Ottawa; James McFarland, Ottawa; C. F.'Wolf, Ottawa. Yellow Shelled Corn. — J. C. Currie, Quenemo. Yellow Corn on Stalk. — -S. Severy, Reading; J. H. Jones, Troy; N. I. Dalton, To- peka; N. E. Bartholomew, Topeka. Corn on Stalk. — Adam Rankin, 5 samples yellow and 5 samples white, Olathe, Corn in Ear. — Adam Rankin, 5 samples white and 6 samples yellow, Olathe. Red Kaffir Corn. — Joel A. Stratton, Reading. Red Oats. — Erick Weiberg, Clay Centre; J. R. Knox, Manhattan; F. Fry, Salina; W. S. Lower, Holton; A. C. Rait, Junction City; N. I. Dalton, Topeka. Black Oats. — Thomas Anderson, Salina; James Sullivan, Salina; W. G. Swift, Clay Centre; H. W. Hoffman, Salina. Red Oats in Straw. — Washburn College, Topeka; Buche Bros., McPherson; N. E. Bartholomew, Topeka; J. B. Case, Abilene; T. J. Anderson, Topeka. Black Oats in Straw. — Otis Dalton, Topeka. White Oats in Straw. — J. H. Jones, Troy; J. Cowgill, McPherson; L. Goosey, To- peka; L. Landon, Russell. Barley in Straw. — J. Begole, Burlingame; A. P. Riordan, McLouth. White Barley. — S. H. Williams, Abilene. Rye, White, in Straw. — N. E. Bartholomew, Topeka; J. G. Pratt, May wood; Geo. 90 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. Frisbie, Grantville; S. Detweiler, Hiawatha; J. H. Jones, Troy; L. Landon, Russell; J. C. Necum, Tecumseh; Eli Benedict, Medicine Lodge. Orchard Grass. — H. H. Kern, Bonner Springs. Timothy. — J. Begole, Burlingame; T. J. Anderson, Topeka; H. H. Kern, Bonner Springs. Millet in Straw. — N. E. Bartholomew, Topeka; J. B. Sims, Topeka; T. J. Ander- son, Topeka; N. I. Dalton, Topeka; A. E. Jones, Topeka. Millet Seed. — F. Driscol. Wichita. Broom Corn. — T. J. Harkinson, Marquette; Henry Benson, Wheeler. Alfalfa. — Otis Dalton, Topeka; Thomas Anderson, Salina; Andrew Shrieve, Clyde; Samuel Westbrook, Garden City; John H. Churchill, Dodge City; N. I. Dalton, To- peka. Blue Orass, Kentucky. — A. P. Riordan, McLouth; H. H. Kern, Bonner Springs; T. J. Anderson, Topeka. Blue Grass, English. — John Kern, Bonner Springs; E. Zimmerman, Hiawatha; Baxter Waveland, Topeka; Adam Kathey, Hamilton. Red Clover. — G. G. McConnel, Menoken; S. Detweiler, Hiawatha. Red Clover Seed. — J. H. Delivan, Lawrence. Redtop Grass. — D. P. Hoagland, Olathe; Thomas Hart, Hiawatha. Potatoes. — John Armstrong, Topeka; E. R. Hays, Topeka; S. H. Downs, Topeka; J. P. Stevenson, Sabetha. Onions. — R. W. Scott, Junction City; Kansas State Agricultural College, Manhat- tan; H. P. Ewing, Loring. Flax for Fiber. — Joseph Sturdy, Waveland. The following is a list of awards on Kansas products in the horticultural building: Collection of Grapes. — State Horticultural Society. Collection of Apples and Pears. — State Horticultural Society. Collection of Stone Fruits. — State of Kansas. Kansas Educational Awards. District schools, Douglas county, J. E. Peairs, superintendent: School work. Leavenworth schools^ J. E. Klock, superintendent: School work. McPherson schools, C. S. Ludlum, superintendent: High-school work. Emporia city schools, Wm. Reece, superintendent: Bound manuscript. Public schools, Kansas City, A. S. Olin, superintendent: School work of grades below high school. Public schools, Kansas City, A. S. Olin, superintendent: High-school work, etc. Atchison public schools, J. H. Glotfelter, superintendent: Class work. Atchison public schools, J. H. Glotfelter, superintendent: School work, lower grades. Topeka city schools, W. M. Davidson, superintendent: School work. Public schools, Manhattan, G. D. Knipe, superintendent: Bound manuscript work. Wichita public schools, Wm. Richardson, superintendent: Pupils' work. Rural schools, Dickinson county, D. F. Shirk, superintendent: School work. Rural schools, Shawnee county, W. H. Wright, superintendent: Pupils' work. Rural schools, Mitchell county, Irwin Stanley, superintendent: Manuscript dis- trict-school work. Rural schools, McPherson county, I. G. Law, superintendent: Manuscripts, dis- trict schools. John MacDonald, Topeka: Bound volume Western School Journal. Report of the Board of Managers. 91 STATE OF KANSAS, SCHOOIi WOBK. Kansas State Normal School, Emporia, A. R. Taylor, president: Students' work- Kansas State Normal School (model school): Pupils' work. Kansas State University, F. H. Snow, chancellor: Courses of study and work. Kansas State Agricultural College, G. T. Fairchild, president: Industrial work. Mining Exhibit Awards. Cement from gypsum: Best Bros., Medicine Lodge. Vitrified brick: Vitrified Brick and Paving Company, Topeka. Rock salt: Lyons Rock Salt Company, Lyons. R. S. V. P. table salt: Kansas Salt Company, Hutchinson. Metallic lead and zinc (two together): Lead from Col. W. B. Stone, Galena; zinc from Cherokee Spelter Company, Weir City. Lead and zinc ores, from Galena: The J. M. Cooper Mining and Mercantile Com- pany, lead; W. F. Sapp, zinc. Miscellaneous Awards. North American mammals: L. L. Dyche, Lawrence. Windmill: B. T. Stauber, Concordia. The Acme Cement Plaster Company, Salina, received the highest award and medal in competition with all other hard plasters. The award was made on the following qualities: Hardness, durability, fire-proof qualities, tensile strength, beauty of finish, and susceptibility to high polish. On October 26, Mrs. Flora Bate Kenney, of Emporia, passed the expert jury on both piano and pipe organ. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Company: Miniature train, run by elec- tricity, in Kansas building. The foregoing awards are all that were made to exhibitors in the Kansas departments of the different buildings. If any others have been made to in- dependent exhibitors, we regret very much that they have not been handed to us to be reported along with the above. Financial Exhibit. Treasurer's Report. EECEIPTS. Keceived from state treasurer $43,764 02 * ' " Clay County Columbian Association .' 199 40 " " Sherman County Columbian Association 30 00 " " Thomas County Columbian Association ; 50 00 " " Woman's Columbian Clubs | 206 93 " " Treasurer Saline county 564 00 " " Geary County Columbian Association 98 00 " " H. H. Kern, corn sold 16 15 " Ladies' Club, Chanute ...; 34 25 " " Franklin. County Columbian Association ' 182 58 " " F. G. Adams, secretary State Historical Society ! 185 00 " " Privileges, Kansas building ; 328 00 " " Ladies of the Eastern Star ■ 1 00 " " World's Columbian Exposition, overpaid on water fixtures 3 83 " " Mrs. A. M. Clark, on jelly exhibit 37 67 " " H. H. Kern, sale of Kansas building 200 00 " " Insurance on premises refunded 20 82 " " H. H. Kern, sale of grains, etc i 293 89 " " H. H. Kern, sale of furniture ' 15 00 " M. W. Cobun, corn sold 26 40 " " Mrs. A. M. Clark, woman's department 23 40 " " Shawnee County Columbian Association 190 62 " " Topeka Athletic Club, fountain sold ; 10 00 " " The E. D. Albro Company, walnut log sold | 140 00 I Total receipts ; $46,620]96 DISBURSEMENTS. Indebtedness, old Board Expense Kansas building Expense agricultural exhibit Horticultural exhibit Educational exhibit Mineral exhibit Natural history exhibit Historical exhibit Live stock exhibit Dairy exhibit Forestry exhibit Woman's department Board of Managers Wages, employes Freight charges Express charges Stationery and postage Light and heat Water and ice Statistics, prison and charitable Institutions. Expenses of " Kansas week " Printing and binding Refunded to Columbian associations, etc Miscellaneous expenditures Total. 112,005 62 2,874 68 7,235 46 1,605 23 1,000 00 1,539 25 783 10 665 07 921 24 827 57 608 00 368 45 8,270 26 1,100 77 1,881 04 78 66 43 25 15 15 258 37 147 80 1,655 36 522 08 1,456 60 757 95 H6,620 96 (92) Report of the Board of Managers. 93 RECAPITULATION. Amount appropriated by the state , Less amount retained in the state treasury to reimburse counties and corporations, Balance of appropriation available Received from miscellaneous sources Total .- Total amount expended Balance of appropriation unexpended $65,000 00 19,097 81 $45,902 19 2,856 94 $48,759 13 46,620 96 $2,138 17 All just claims have been audited by the Board and paid; all loans to the Board, from whatever source, have been paid ; and, of the $65,000 appropriated by the legislature, there remains an unex- pended balance of $2,138.17. Property and exhibits to the value of $1,419 have been turned over to the state. This does not include a large amount of property and ornamental fixtures upon which no value has been placed. rj. j Andebson, Treasurer. Conclusion. The foregoing is but a faint and imperfect representation of the place that Kansas occupied in the great Columbian Exposition; the exposition that well represented the genius, skill, work, discoveries and intelligence of the world, and where all nations assembled, in the persons of their representa- tives, to do homage to the great republic — the child of the discoveries of the great Columbus. Kansas did her part nobly in that magnificent exposition. Her good peo- ple aided earnestly and patriotically the Board of Commissioners in placing her in the foreground. They contributed of their substance, of their live stock, of their relics and family keepsakes, to aid in the part that they felt Kansas ought to take. Well and nobly did they do their part in placing Kansas in the front rank of the states and nations of the earth. The 152 premiums, medals and awards taken by her citizens, on the grains, grasses and forage plants contributed by them, bear willing tribute to the fertility of Kansas soil, and the skill of her husbandmen and the intelligence of her agricultur- ists. The 40 premiums, medals and ribbons awarded to the fine flocks and herds of Kansas, shown in competition with the best of animals collected from the greatest herds of two hemispheres, attest the skill, enterprise and in- telligence of her stock breeders. The exhibition of the produce of the mines of Kansas was a wonder, even to many of her own citizens. They did not appreciate the extent and vastness of the hidden wealth existing beneath her soil. That exhibition demonstrated that it only needed the capitalist and the miner to bring forth and utilize their millions of hidden treasure. Her colleges and schools give evidence of the interest that her people take in education. Nearly a score of colleges and her 3,000 common schools con- tributed of the skill of the schoolroom, and the intelligence of the scholar demonstrated that Kansas was not a laggard in her devotion and interest in the education of her children. Her magnificent display of the fruits of the orchard and of the vineyard demonstrated the skill and intelligence of her horticulturists. In the forestry building, among other things, was exhibited the trunk of a walnut tree grown on Kansas soil that was 40 years old when Columbus discovered America. Four hundred years of that time that mon- arch of the forest had no associates but solitude and the Indian ; but in the last 40 years of its life it looked on the triumph of American genius, and the skill and intelligence of the Kansas pioneer. It witnessed the vast prairies of Kansas decorated with enteri)rising villages, with schoolhouses and churches, (94) Report of the Board of Managers. 95 all combining to add glory and renown to our state, and in the grand Colum- bian Exposition these things became known and were advertised to the world. The benefits to be derived from them in the future cannot be estimated. Enterprising citizens will flock to Kansas from other parts of the world, and unite with us in making Kansas one of the greatest of states, inhabited by a happy, intelligent and generous people. The Commissioners feel that they did their duty to the extent of their ability. They worked honestly and faithfully to assure the distinguished governor of the state that they appreciated the appointments conferred, and were determined that no act of negligence or the shirking of any duty upon their part should disappoint him in the confidence reposed in them. Over 200 premiums, awards and medals secured to citizens of Kansas prove that the Board was no laggard in the race for fame. They believe that they have aided in a small degree to the making of Kansas one of the brightest stars in the great constellation of American states, and feel that, if she is great to-day, her greatness, her power, her influence and her wealth are yet in their infancy. The people of Kansas are proud of their commonwealth, and thank " Him who doeth all things well" that they are permitted to live in the "sunflower" state and call Kansas their home. M to 00 o I o* fcd OQ XLIY.— Kansas exhibit of Spelter and Zixc Ores Building. (Page 74.) -Mines and Mining APPENDIX. Dedicatory Exercises. October 22, 1892. The following program was successfully carried out: Master of ceremonies, W. H. Smith. Invocation, by Rev. D. C. Milner. Music, "Hail, Happy Kansas," original, by Modoc Glee Club. Address, by ex-Lieut. Gov. A. J. Felt. Song, "Star Spangled Banner," by Mrs. Addie Jewell-Newton. Address, by ex-State Supt. of Pub. Inst. Geo. W. Winans. Music, "Hail to the Flag of Our Nation," original, by Modoc Club. Address, by Hon. Martin Mohler, secretary State Board of Agriculture. Song, "A Kansas Lullaby," H. V. Hinckley. Address, by ex-Atty. Gen. John N. Ives. Music, "0 Hail Us, Ye Free," by Modoc Club. Address, by Mrs. Lewis Hanback. Song, "Deep in the Cellar," by Charles Reeske. Address, by Mrs. Robt. B. Mitchell. Music, "Comrades in Arms," by Modoc Club. Dedicatory address, by Chief Justice A. H. Horton. The program had been hastily prepared, and the addresses were necessa- rily impromptu. This fact did not detract from, but rather added to, the interest of the occasion, because the words spoken came from the hearts of the speakers, and were the uppermost thoughts of men and women who love Kansas. Lieutenant Governor Felt expressed pleasure in the fact that Kansas had been first in many things, and it was appropriate that she should be first to dedicate her state building. She had been first to float a banner over a com- pleted state building on the exposition grounds. She had been the first state in the union to declare that the sun should never rise on a master and set upon a slave. It is not area that makes Kansas great; it is the manhood and womanhood of our citizens, the product of American ideas, born in times of great conflict, and heralded through all ages. In Kansas was heard the crack of the first rifle dedicating the country to freedom. Kansas was ac- customed to dedicatory ceremonies. It is the state that dedicates a church every Sunday, and a schoolhouse every week day. The state was formerly the property of the king of Spain, and he was confident that, had Columbus first discovered Kansas, he would not have returned to Spain. Referring to (99) 100 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. the fertility of the soil, he said that the farm crops of a single harvest, if laden on freight cars, would circle the globe; yet 15 years ago the pro- ducing ability of the state was unknown. We are no longer poverty stricken ; we have in our state treasury $900,000 in excess of any other state in the union. The address of State Supt. Geo. W. Winans reviewed 25 years' knowl- edge of the schools of the state. He had seen the school population grow from 76,000 to 500,000; the organized school districts from 1,300 to 9,000; the enrollment from 45,000 to 400,000; the number of public- school teachers from 1,600 to 12,000; the valuation of school property from $800,000 to $11,000,000; the number of school buildings from 900 to 9,000; the annual expense of maintaining from $250,000 to $5,000,000; the per- manent school fund from $500,000 to $6,000,000. We have not only the largest but the best educational agency in the United States. The exhibit of our schools in this building, and in the main educational exhibit, will be excelled by none. By the efforts of our school children, a fund of 85,000 has been raised, and they will do much more. The people of Kansas give money, time and words of encouragement to our cause. Our educational in- stitutions cannot be other than favorably compared with any in the country, and we are ever advancing. Secretary Martin Mohler, of the State Board of Agriculture, reviewed in exhaustive detail the agricultural advantages of Kansas. His address was mainly statistical, showing the condition of the industries and agricultural products of the state. He thought that a new day had dawned on Kansas, and that the time for experiment and adversity had given place to pros- perity. Attorney General John N. Ives praised the enterprise of the people of Kansas, who had erected a World's Fair building, and spoke eloquently of the state as never having been behind time in the enactment of liberal laws; she had given woman her rights, and blotted liquor from the state. He was proud to speak in a building that had given Kansas a home among the nations, and was the gift of her patriotic citizens. Mrs. Lewis Hanback told of woman's work in Kansas, particularly that which was made necessary when the legislature failed to make an appropria- tion for the construction of a building, or the collection of exhibits. The work had been completely successful, and this building will be decorated with an exhibit that will reflect credit on the artistic spirit of the women of the state. Mrs. Robert B. Mitchell, a pioneer, spoke of the hardships that had been overcome by the early settlers of Kansas. Many incidents in their heroic history were rehearsed, and great praise was given to the energy which had m.ide of the state m )re than the early pioneers had dared to dream. Chief Justice Albert H. Horton delivered the dedicatory address, of which the following is a copy : Dedicatory Exercises. 101 Address of Hon. Albert H. Horton, CHIEF JUSTICE, KANSAS SUPKEMK COURT. [Dedicating the Kansas building upon the grounds of the Columbian Exposition, at Chicago, October 22, 1892.] Ladies and Gentlemen: We stand, friends, in the people's house, the house built by the people of Kansas. Not by any appropriation of the legislature; not by the single outlay of any great corporation interested in the material development of the state; not through the enterprise of any syn- dicate or company, formed with the hope of future reimbursement or profit ; not by any delegated or representative authority ; not through the levying of any tax, was this commodious and well-located house erected, but by the men, women and children of the state of Kansas in their own proper persons, casting with their own hands their voluntary gifts into the treasury. In the labors through which this house was built, and in the provision for funds to properly present the exhibits with which, next year, it will be filled, the women of Kansas have been conspicuous, efficient and enthusiastic laborers. They remembered, when it came to the making of laws in Kansas, our state built about them, like a strong wall, the statutes that protect them in their right to their property, their children, and themselves, and so the Kansas women glory in their state, here and everywhere. When the word was passed that the honor and good fame of Kansas, in the eyes of the nation and the world, demanded the state bear a part in the World's Columbian Exposition, our women remembered, and often when men said "stay" they said "go on." They toiled early and late. To them, and to the capable and efficient officers of the Kansas World's Fair Commission, all of whom de- serve the warmest praise for their work under severe difficulties and onerous burdens, this completed building, so suitable, so convenient, and so appro- priate for the object intended, is a triumphal arch of victory. COLUMBUS' BRAVE STORY NEVER OLD. Kansas joins in the commemoration of the achievement of Columbus be- cause it was a brave deed. A brave story never loses its charm in our state, even though it be 400 years old. Kansas is busy with the works of the nineteenth century, but, looking back, is most charmed and fascinated by the sixteenth century, ushered in by the plaudits that filled the world with what Columbus had done; the century of discovery; the century when the press began to multiply words, and sow thoughts and deeds; the century when the new and potent word "reform" began to be a word of power in church and state; the century when the new world, just found, began to be the leaven to make the whole world new. It is not merely the sailing and return of the Santa Maria, the Nina and the Pinta that Kansas joins in celebrating, but being herself, as one may say, a newly-discovered country, she celebrates the spirit of discovery. She celebrates the deeds of the priests, missionaries, explorers, traders, many of them of the same Latin race and religion of Columbus ; the bold navigators, who first beheld and set forth on 102 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. the boundless, unknown, uncharted sea of grass, amid which Kansas has arisen, as if by enchantment. Kansas, however, has never forgotten, never ceased to follow, those first seekers in the realm of mind ; those first believers in a new world of thought; those Columbuses who, unmoved by doubts or sneers, by indifference or opposition, have still believed in a higher and better life for men, and new and unbounded realms of liberty; these she has fol- lowed in her life, her history, and her laws. The people of Kansas, having built this house, will fill it, and with what? Under this roof and within these walls will be drawn out in living characters tlie history of Kansas. No other young state is so well prepared. Kansas wielded in her youth both the sword and pen. Her story has all been writ- ten down and preserved. From her collections and her archives will be brought relics — bruised arms and tattered banners, the implements of an- cient people, the writings of vanished hands, the stories of warriors and of statesmen as they set them down, so that he who passes along may see the whole story of Kansas — the then and the now. MUTE EVIDENCE OF PROGRESS. Here will be seen the mute, eloquent evidence of the progress of Kansas. This is not the time for statistics. The daybooks, the journals, the ledgers of Kansas will be open next year upon these walls. But it is refreshing, how- ever, and swells with patriotic fervor the heart of every Kansan, to be able to turn to the official estimates and show that our fruitful state has raised during the current year more than a bushel of wheat for every man, woman and child in the United States, and also has raised in addition more than two bushels of corn for each and all of them. From poverty to wealth ; from nothing to everything; from the Indian's narrow path through the wavy grass to the second railroad mileage of the United States ; from the pasture of the wild cattle to the fruitful fields, making Kansas a great compartment in the granary of the world ; from a handful of white people, living by suffer- ance among the Indians, for whom Kansas had been selected as a perpetual reservation, to a million and a half of the freest and the best people in the world, this story of growth will be set out here, so that those strangers who have been discoursing about a state of famine and failures, of grasshoppers and cyclones, will think that they have been dreaming, or reading the story of some other land. "If all the states were stars And woven in a crown, And as a mark of excellence On nature's brow were bound, Kansas, with a radiance bright. Would, from the very topmost height, Eclipse the light of all." While science, the mechanical invention, the hunter's skill, the natural- ist's preserving and restoring art, the school children's proudly-displayed charts, the products of the mine, the cunning fiishioning of the artisan — all Dedicatory Exercises. 103 of Kansas — will here be shown; most brightly will shine here the joint work of nature and the farmers of our state. On these walls will glow the im- prisoned sunlight, such as is known nowhere in the world except in Kansas. Here and there will be arranged stalks of corn, overlooking all the other corn in the United States and gazing into the far beyond. Devices fashioned by tasteful and skillful hands out of wheat and oats and grass, the fruits of the farm, the acceptable sacrifice of Abel — more lovely than the lilies of the field, which were fairer " than Solomon in all his glory " — will here show, after a manner, what Kansas is, as a cup full of sparkling water may illus- trate the beauty and glory and refreshing of the exhaustless fountain. SUGGESTIVE AND INSTRUCTIVE FIGURES. Here, somew^here, will be displayed a map of Kansas, that great rectangle 400 miles long and 200 miles wide, with straight lines on three sides, and straight on the other save for an indentation in the northeast corner. There will be suggestive and instructive figures on that map. They will show that it is a map of the largest body of tillable land lying compactly on the face of the earth; a great possible farm, plow land and pasture, with some tim- ber, and plenty of coal and stone, of 52,000,000 acres. At least that is what it was originally, but a considerable portion has been taken for pleasant and profitable town sites — profitable for those who sold early. The map will tell other things; for instance, the population, the diversified crops, the varied industries, the countless herds of cattle and stock, the towns and cities, the number and location of the schoolhouses of the state, those stars that are re- fulgent with light. But the great fact the map will impress upon the mil- lions who are to look upon it will be, that in the heart of the continent and in the center of the United States lies this great tract of 52,000,000 acres, only 17,000,000 acres of which have yet known the useful care of the husband- man. Moreover, if the searcher of the map will continue the parallels which form the northern and southern boundaries of Kansas, following them east and west to the Atlantic and Pacific, he will see that between them lie many of the gold mines, and the silver mines, and the coal mines, and the lead mines, and the zinc mines, and the corn fields, and the wheat fields of the continent, and so of the world. And when all is gathered in, and Kansas skill and ingenuity and taste have done all that can be done, and the Kansas men and women and chil- dren come here, what will this Kansas exhibit, part of the great Columbian Exposition, in which a whole world displays its resources, say to them? What will it not say? What interest, what pride, will be theirs! Thousands of visitors will be young people, the first generation born and reared in Kan- sas; and with what joy and pride will they speak of the place of the state of their nativity! Kansas will be justified of her children. Kansas, though yet a new country, has had her exiles, her absentees, her prodigals, driven from her borders by circumstances; by the unexplainable unrest which makes so many Americans wanderers; by temporary misfortunes, which could as 104 Kansas at the World's Fair^ 1893. well have been repaired in Kansas as elsewhere. Wherever you go you find the people who formerly lived in Kansas. The story of Robinson Crusoe cannot be repeated, for no shipwrecked sailor can now be thrown upon an island to suffer absolute solitude. He would find that a Kansas man had escaped the waves, and got ashore ahead of him. WILL SEE AND FEEL THE CHARM. Here they will come, as visitors, hundreds, perhaps thousands, of them. And what will they see? More than anyone else. They will see how Kan- sas has grown since they went away. They will see the names of counties here that when they left were but names only, mere designations of great squares of buflfalo grass, with here and there a few lonely and shivering cot- ton woods; now fields, gardens, farmsteads, villages, towns, cities. "Every field a smiling promise, Every home an Eden fair, And the angels — Peace and Plenty — Strewing blessings everywhere." They will feel again that charm, that spell of the Kansas earth and sky, which, once cast upon the human heart and spirit, can never be shaken off. They will see through these walls and over all the intervening leagues of land the green valleys, the bluffs, regular in their slope as the glacis of a fortress, capped with the white limestone ; they will see the rolling prairies — seeming to reach to the confines of the world ; they will hear the voice of the bold, free mind of Kansas, and, bending over all, behold a firmament that seems shaped into a higher arch than in other parts of the world, and each will joyfully say: "I will return." There will come here, also, thousands of visitors from the old world be- yond the wide seas, and they^will receive a message from their countrymen who have preceded them to the new world. That message will be, "We have prospered." Kansas, a country that knows no proscription, no ostra- cism, no prejudice, receives willingly and lovingly all who come to her am- ple bosom. Here will bring their sheaves, not the American born alone, but the former dweller by the Rhine, he who sang first amid the vineyards of France, the Switzer from his mountain, the Italian from his olive grove. In Kansas the broad acres are tilled by those who come from the very heart of the land of the midnight sun, and by those who once dwelt on the borders of the Caspian and the Black seas. Not merely from England and Scotland and Ireland have they come to Kansas, but from the borders of Turkey and the Caucasus. They will be here, these new citizens, proprietors, sover- eigns, in a new world, to speak for themselves and to show for themselves what men may do in a free land. DEDICATED TO LABOR, LIBERTY, AND LAW. Kansas is here, because she has not been disobedient to the heavenly vision ; because she believes, as she has always believed, in her own motto. Difficulties she knows, difficulties she expects; but through them all she XL v.— Kansas exhibit of Pro Lead and Lkad Orks — Mines and Mining Building. (Page 75.) o i-h d O OQ f3 CD CQ 5 I— !• 3 W Pi 5' CD Dedicatory Exercises. 105 pursues her way to the stars, a long journey, but to an ever-shining and ever- lasting goal. Once before, when the centennial of the republic was cele- brated, and when some of the older states, some of those which belonged to the original confederation, made no sign, young Kansas, 16 years younger than she is to-day, appeared with her products, and made a display, which no one who saw has ever forgotten. Now, she comes again, older and stronger and richer grown, to join in the commemoration of the great dis- coverer and the great discovery ; and if, a hundred years hence, in whatever land or country the world shall gather, to testify, as now, to the brotherhood of man, the kinship of labor, the fellowship of art, and to the truth that God "made of one blood all the nations of the earth," there will Kansas be in the midst. And so, gathered here this morning from Kansas, we dedicate this build- ing, this house upon the grounds of the World's Columbian Exposition, for the important purposes of its construction. We dedicate it in the name of her people, her men, her women, her children, each and all. We dedicate it to the memory of the bold Genoese sailor, who was brave and wise beyond his age, who commended himself to God when he set forth across the dark, wild seas, and again commended his soul to Him when he set forth on his last voyage, to another undiscovered country. We dedicate it to the memory of all the good and brave, who in all ages have held the advance, and have discovery made of truths that man should know. We dedicate it in the name of labor, without which men cannot live ; and of liberty, without which man's life is nothing worth ; and of law, which binds, yet holds men together in safety and in peace; and of Kansas, w^hich means them all. Columbian Ode. BY THOMAS BBOWEB PEACOCK. [Bead at Public Press Congress, in the Art Palace, Chicago, May 24, 1893.] Here Peace her olive branch now brings, An offering to all nations, And from the tips of her white wings Fall Love's own sweet ovations. By power of song, we here extend, impearled, The hand of fellowship to all the world. The beacons lit by Liberty Shine from our shores across the sea. From lowly vales to mountains capped with snow Freedom's fair banner floats alone ; Westward the pilgrim millions go From out the shadows of the throne — Far from the lands of legends old they teem, To bathe and live in Hope's immortal dream. This song to earth's unnumbered hosts, To congress of imperial minds, Breathes progress far from coasts to coasts, Where arbitrating pen divines — Less homage pay, O pilgrim, to life's material things ; Spirit and mind immortal shame the opulence of kings. A vision comes before my sight ! Behold the dreadful scenes of war ! The past is filled with clouds and night. With here and there a giim'ring star. I hear the thundering tread of hosts, The shout of victory on the coasts, And, inland, from the moaning sea I hear the cry of agony ! I see the vanquished leave their dead, And streams of blood the wide fields stain — Ten thousand shiv'ring ghosts have with them fled, Crying to God on high, and not in vain. Sad hour with those who weep the bitter tear, When Horror leads the van, and Death brings up the rear. On dreary shores they scattered lie, Their bones are bleaching in the wind, (106) Columbian Ode. 107 Where ruthless Death hurled them unkind, While driven on, the living hosts pass by. Grim-visaged War all mercy sweet denies. The sounds of battle echo o'er the deep ! The God of Battle see ! the terror of his eyes ! From out his sceptred hand havoc and ruin leap ! The past is war's dark clouds, defiled ; For Freedom's sacred altar fires, Or for Ambition's lusts run wild. To riot in unholy, base desires. On through the ages might alone was right. While bellowed War's dread tempest throughout the awful night. 'Tis done ! 0, lies the mighty low : On high his ebon plumes Death shakes — The flick'ring lights of torches glow, And on the field, lo ! Terror wakes ! Death ! drink thy fill, thou tyrant vile. And on thy bloody banquet smile ^ — But hearken to the voice, sublime, Thundering down the halls of time : "There is no death, O dead and living hear ! E'en though within the lost and silent tomb ; Though Death, clothed 'round about with dread, austere, With giant strides appears eternal doom — Those whom he slew are not beneath his tread. But they are safe on high, and Death himself is dead." From Caesar unto Charlemagne Belched carnage on a race of slaves, Slaves to a despot's blood-red reign. Slaves at the feet of heartless knaves : While War's dark front we ever meet, And Battle stamps his bloody feet. Like some dense cloud which doth the sun defy, The past, through which the tyrant trod, And longed to rend the starry sky, And trample o'er the thrones of God. And conquerors swept triumphant through those years. On pathways soaked in blood and bitter tears. Through the Dark Ages, supreme did Ignorance reign, Ere one arose, a Nestor, with learning's light ; Then wise Lorenzo broke the heavy chain That bound mankind a thousand years to night. And loud for wider freedom the guardian angels sang, And the battlements of heaven with holy paeans rang. Behold ! a view of mystic wings ! Prophetic dream floats through the swale, Each morning bell of childhood rings And wakes the flowers along the vale : Beyond the sun and sweeping gale, All hail ! ye glorious beings, hail ! O, angel, worshiping in the temple of the night. 108 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. Te«ch all men the secret of thy pure delight. Though brightest hopes have ever flown Beyond the star that heralds day, Time may reveal the Great Unknown And mystic Holy Grail essay — Beyond Hyperion towers of coming morn, The cloud-capped towers of ages yet unborn. At harbor lay a gallant fleet With banners floating in the wind, Enthralled with music soft and sweet Lo ! friends and Spain are left behind. Adieu ! Juan Perez, cast thine eyes On yonder distant melting skies. Above the roaring, seething mass. Where vessels speck yon slender pass. Yon admiral clothed in colors gay, Waves thee a thousand times farewell : O, shade of Perez ! hear to-day What lyre and paean fondly tell — 'Twas thy. good logic sovereigns won, When he, the hero, was undone. Not till Columbus crossed the watery main. Did man, renascent, his true dominion gain. The bird that sings at Heaven's gate Stops, list'ning to the woodman's ax. Which startles, like the voice of fate. The Indian, when loud thunder cracks. The peopled air is all aflame. The winds sing loud our hero's name. While children come at eventide, Wondering eyes agleam with light, We'll tell how, o'er the ocean wide, Came the wanderer ; how the bright Homes of millions then were builded, How our heroes names were gilded. How our brave men and our sons Fought o'er fields of living blood ; How ten thousand skeletons Enrich the ground on which they stood. How the bison, bear, and deer. Fed the toiling pioneer — And from this soil, rich with our dead. The mouths of nations now are fed. The heroes of the ages gone, They made us what we are to-day, And meed of praise and tribute won From all that love America. Breathe halls of empires their united name, A glorious company that gild the scroll of fame. Columbian Ode. 109 Through nature's towering colonnades, The white man drove the red man back ; Across the plains the wigwam fades, And dimmer grows the Indian track — The red men flee, by hands of progress hurled. As leaves by storm are swept across the world. Then the inventive minds of men Met the inventive God half way, And harnessed were the lightnings then : Swift messengers for man are they. Rest thee, good horse ; across the plains more fleet Now rushes on a steed with tireless feet. Where reigned the red man over all, Monarch, lord, and seneschal. The steamboat plies the winding stream, Extends the rail like network o'er the land ; The locomotive's piercing scream Is heard to-day on every hand. All-powerful, the press combines, School, rostrum, pulpit, public thought ; The cable, wizard-like, divines What in the waiting worlds is wrought. From lakes to gulf, and from sea to sea, God's sun shines on a race of slaves made free. At sight of nature's fair expanse, The poets'with Promethean fire. Upon the field of fame advance. And tune the sweet ^olian lyre. Our artists sketch, or paint, or pencil free. From lands of leal and skies like Italy. From Washington across the century. Borne upon the eagle wing of time. Our precepts teach 'tis better to be free From tyranny and tyrant's sceptred crime. Here all are crowned — no potentate alone — Each separate altar fire itself a peerless throne. May our dear flag wave ever, as it now unfurls Above the dust of empires and the crash of worlds. Though trusts and great monopoly A tower high of darkling trouble rears. This tower will topple in the sea Of stern mutation and the years — And o'er the unseen ruins sunk from sight, God will build a temple filled with holy light. Then shall the sword forever sleep, And shackled captives will be free, Where hecatombs once Death did reap, War, clouds a dreadful memory. No more beneath the despot's iron heel. Will man, proud man, a servile being feel. - 110 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893. 'Tis great to be a man, he that doth move Image of God, and arbiter divine : When many a cenotaph hath Love, What perfect days were thine and mine — Once more in lovely light earth's wide and stormy seas, The Christ will walk in beauty a thousand Galilees. O Star of Empire! — thou puissant power That rose in Asia's oriental clime. And hovered there, uncertain, for a time, Then winged thy way to Greece, propitious hour ; Her vigils fail, her watch fires slowly die : Lo ! over Rome, the star is in the sky ! Through ages vast, the mistress of the world, Rome held thee o'er her charmed hills — a flame — Sprang luxury and pride, and Rome was hurled From her high pedestal, crowned with fame. Beneath the feet of Goth and Vandal dread. To Germiany — to Briton's farther shore. There, bright beyond the altars of the dead. Thy glimmering light shines sweetly, as of yore, And brighter still, shines out thy face to-day, Over our own land, our own Ameeica ! Kansas Week. September n to i6, 1893. PROGRAM. T. J. Anderson, Master of Ceremonies. Monday, September 11. Will be devoted to registration at the Kansas State Building, and to general social intercourse. Music during the afternoon by the Modoc Club, Topeka, and Marshall's Military Band. Violin solo by Miss Ethel Diggs. Tuesday, SeptEaiber 12. 10 A. M. — Kansas State Building. Address of welcome on behalf of the Kansas State Board by Hon. M. W. Cobun, President of the Board. Address of welcome on behalf of World's Columbian Commission by Hon. J. R. Bueton. Response by Gov. L. D. Lewelling. Music by Modoc Club, assisted by Alhambra Man- dolin Club, and Marshall's Military Band. 3 P.M. — Concert by the Modoc Club, assisted by Miss Celeste B. Nellis, pianist, and Miss Jessie Lewelling, recitation. Address by Mrs. Anna L. Diggs. 5 p. M. — Music by Marshall's Military Band. Wednesday, September 13. 10 A. M. — Kansas State Building. "America." Combined Kansas Columbian Chorus ; Mrs. Gaston Boyd, directing. 11 A. M. — Parlors, Kansas State Building. Gathering of the clan McKinley. Address of welcome by Gov. L, D. Lewelling on behalf of the citizens of Kansas. Response by Gov. Wm. MoKinley, of Ohio, on behalf of the clan. Music by the Modoc Club ; Mrs. Hebbebt J. Hodge, soloist. 2 p. M. — Business meeting of the clan. Historical address by Dr. L. D. MoKinley of Kansas. 11a.m. — Assembly Hall, TFoman'.s Building. Address, "Woman in Music," Mrs. Gaston Boyd. Music by Wichita Ladies' Chorus, and Newton Musical Union . 3 p. M. — Assembly Hall. Concert by Wichita Musical Club, assisted by members Kansas City Chorus. 5 p. M. — Kansas State Building. Second Regiment Band, Hutchinson. Thursday, September 14 — Editors' Day. The governor and staff, accompanied by the state officials, will visit the various state buildings during the forenoon. 10 a.m. — Kansas State Building. Concert by Modoc Club. Recitation by Mrs. J M. McCown. Piano solo by Bebnice Pattebson Clarke. 12 M. — Lunch. Kansas State Building. 12 M. — Festival or Music Hall. Grand concert by Kansas Columbian Chorus. (Ill) 112 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893, 2 p. M. — Inspection of Kansas exhibits in Agricultural, Horticultural and Mining Buildings. 4 p. M. — Kansas State Building. Reception to the governor and state officials by the State Board of World's Fair Managers. Music by the Modoc Club, Second Regiment Band, and Musette and Alhambra Mandolin Clubs. Original poem, "The Women of Kansas," by Louise Lease. 5 to 7:30 p. M. — Light refreshments. 8 : 30 p. M. — Grand Stand in Court of Honor. Concert by Kansas Columbian Chorus. Friday, September 15. 10 A. M. — Kansas State Building. Concert, Marshall's Military Band. 3 p. M. — Festival Hall. Concert by the Kansas Columbian Chorus. 7:30 p.m. — Festival Hall. Kansas Jubilee. Addresses by Senators Peffeb and Mabtin ; Congressmen Habbis, Bbodebick, Funston, Hudson, Cubtis, Davis, Bakeb, and Simpson ; Chief Justice Hoeton ; Hon. A. W. Smith, president State Board of Agriculture ; Hon. Solon O. Thaoheb, Hon. Geobge W. Glick, Mrs. Maby E. Lease, and other Kansans. Music by Marshall's Military Band, Modoc and Mandolin Clubs ; Miss Saba Bonelle, soloist. Saturday, September 16. Midway Plaisance, and " Home, Sweet Home." Address ^ BY HON. li. D. LEWELLING, GOVEBNOB OF KANSAS. Fellow-Citizens of Kansas and the World: I come to meet and greet you as a representative of Kansas, the laud of fertile prairies and per- petual sunshine. We are here to meet with the citizenship of the world. We are gathered from the four quarters of the globe as brothers and friends, not to disparage the resources of other states or nations, but each to speak in pride of the resources of his own. Chicago is the most wonderful city in the world ; its growth phenomenal ; its architectural spires and temples reach further heavenward than the world has ever before builded. But within this iuclosure Chicago itself is surpassed. Here is the growth of a single year; but it is the culmination of centuries of human toil and experience. The dreams of the Orient, the imaginary pal- aces of the "Arabian Nights," are here surpassed by the resplendent grandeur of this magical city. Here, also, are converged the mechanical skill, the genius, the arts and sciences of the world; each government to display its own. Our own Kansas is but newborn into the great constellation of states and nations which are here assembled. "Through difficulties to the stars" has been our inspiration, and, sure enough, on this glad day we are here to be counted as one in the galaxy of the world. We are here, with others, to boast of our achievements. We have had some bitter experiences in the earlier history of our state. To have been a pioneer in Kansas is to have been familiar with hardships and turbulent scenes, with ])ersecution, bloodshed, and sorrow; but to-day we have laid aside our sackcloth and ashes, to be clothed in the garments of Kansas Week. 113 praise. When in combat the blood of the fair Adonis was spilled upon the ground, there sprung forth the beautiful white flower of peace; and so the moral and political combats of Kansas have preceded the bloom and fra- grance of a more exalted civilization. The spirit of John Brown is the incarnate spirit of progress, and goes marching on, to be reflected in the mighty achievements of an intelligent people. Prejudice is the black bat of civilization, existing only in the shad- ows; and from these shadows the people of Kansas are emerging. We chal- lenge the world to show an equal diff'usion of knowledge among the people of any state or government. Is it presumptuous to give this as a reason why the people of Kansas are the natural leaders in moral and political reforms? If Kansas joins the army of discontent, it is because of the intelligent yearn- ing of her people for more exalted conditions. The stolid slave plods on, in- different to his surroundings ; but the animated, educated and progressive citizen goes forward to fight the battles of intelligence, and place himself and his children in the front ranks of human progress. With deference to all, we modestly boast the intelligence of our people, and show you a record ex- hibiting a lower percentage of illiteracy than any other state in the union. If the statistician seeks a solution of our occasional discontent, and asks why we are constantly making explorations in the domain of political econ- omy, we point with pride to more than 9,000 schoolhouses which nestle upon our prairies. If he asks why we are the vanguard of political and moral re- form, we tell him of our district and normal schools, our colleges, our great university, and of the spires which rise from 4,500 churches. These are the institutions which mold the sentiments and shape the destinies of an ambitious people. The mountain air of the West swee]3S over our great panorama of open plains, embracing 80,000 square miles. The state, like a mighty scroll, unrolls from "the Andes of the West" until it touches the turbulent waters of the Missouri, and displays upon its prairie surface the homes of 200,000 farmers, hundreds of villages and cities, and a population of nearly li million souls. You have heard of the great American desert, but have you heard of the wonderful resources of this great state ; of its wheat, and fruit, and corn, and cane; of the cattle upon its hills and in its valleys? In 1889, 274 million bushels of corn — sufficient to load a train of cars extending from New York city to the Golden Gate on the Pacific coast; in 1891, 36 million dollars' worth of fattened animals for slaughter; last year, more than 70 million bushels of wheat — the most wonderful crop that ever responded to rain and sunshine and toil. Live stock, the same year, to the value of $109,024,141, representing of the meat-producing animals the sum of $50,759,496; add to this the fact that the animals slaughtered for human food, the same year, amounted to $35,280,273, and the dairy products of the state to $5,000,000, and the enormity of these figures astonishes and surprises the world. But our wealth is not alone on the surface. We boast of the greatest zinc 114 Kansas at the World's Fair, 1893, smelters in America, supplying one-third of all the metallic zinc in the United States. The product of the smelters of one town in one year amounted to 2} million dollars. We boast the most wonderful rock quarries of the continent, embracing five colors and qualities of limestone, gray, yellow and brown sandstone, and two kinds of marble. Five counties, in 1891, produced nearly 67 million bushels of coal, the whole estimated at four million dollars; thus exceeding by several hundred thousand dollars the total coal output of our neighboring sister state, Missouri. The kitchens, parlors, shops and factories of a half-score prosperous cities are heated, lighted and supplied with motive power by a never-ceasing flow of natural gas, which last year saved the state 60 thousand dollars in fuel. During the same year, we produced 750 thousand dollars' worth of salt, and a dozen cities are ready to increase the output when transportation rates will justify their doing so. A great salt bed underlies the central part of the state, 60 miles wide, 200 miles long, from 300 to 700 feet deep, and 95 per cent. pure. There need be no alarm about the financial condition of our people, if salt will save us. The resources of our gypsum beds have entered into the construction of these World's Fair palaces which surround us; the annual output of gypsum amounting to 350 thousand dollars. Eight hundred and thirty-five tons of tine white plaster of Paris, known as "Keene's cement," was last year manu- factured in Medicine Lodge, and builded into the great structures of Denver, St. Louis, Chicago, New York, and Washington city. Sixty-one counties of the state produce excellent clay for common, pressed and vitrified brick, while 14 are pregnant with the best materials for drain tile and pottery. Ten million vitrified brick were produced in 1892; two factories were engaged in the manufacture of drain tile, and others of brown earthenware. Mineral paints, ochers and other similar products abound in unlimited quantitiesj and of different character from those which are found in other states of the great Mississippi valley; and, notwithstanding our mines ami quarries are still largely undeveloped, the annual output of the mineral re- sources of Kansas reaches nearly 10 million dollars. And thus is our future prosperity foreshadowed. It is true the nation is in the midst of great financial depres:>;ion, and I shudder to contemplate the suffering and misery already at hand. The people are looking to Washington, and crying to their chosen representatives, "Watchman, what of the night?" But, with the inspiration born of hope and experience, the people of Kansas are looking beyond the shadow, and are also saying, "O, watchman, what of the glorious day?" AVhat of the transcendent future of our commonwealth? In response, let rae say to you, men and women of Kansas, that on you depends that the future shall mul- tiply the blessings of our people. But I have faith in your integrity of pur- pose. As the turbulent waves of ocean purify its waters, so the social and political ui)heavals will purify and invigorate the people. Kansas leads, but Kansas Week. 115 Dever follows ; nor does she bow to the dictatorial precedents established by a less progressive age. Kansas is the offspring of Liberty ! Born out of the throes of revolution — the stormy petrel of the nation — she rises to the mountain heights of civ- ilization. To-day she joins in the friendly rivalry of nations to present the evidences of her worth and greatness. While admitting few superiors, her children stand in awe at the magnitude of this wonderful display. It has been my good fortune to visit these scenes before, but no visions of the night have wrought such mental impressions as were left by the illumination of these wonderful palaces of the world. When I stood by the great basin within this inclosure, I was in fairy land. I thought of Venice — of the temple of the sun — of Eden — of the streets and parks of the New Jerusalem — of the city with 12 gates! At the ap- proach of night, the light of a million electric bulbs flashed al6ng the water's edge, gondolas shot from the darkness, the happy voices reverberated in song across the waves, the fountains sprang into life, while the electric search lights, like the All-seeing Eye, pierced their sprays and displayed a lunar rainbow, as if it were a benediction of peace pronounced upon the assembled nations of earth! The voices of a myriad bands sounded a mighty applause, and I wept very tears of joy and admiration, while our hearts throbbed with a wild, triumphant exultation over the manifest achievements of the race! O, people of earth, these are the victories of peace! and "peace hath her victories no less renowned than war." Here, in miniature, is "the federation of the world;" here is the condensation of human energy and achievement; here is the crown upon the brow of labor; and here, too, our thank offering for the gracious bounties of nature! To-day we may well excuse the mad frenzy of enthusiasm, "and shake hands with every cornstalk; and crown every sheaf with laurel." And finally, as the benediction of Kansas, permit me to say, this is a time for the silver chain of destiny to draw into closer relations the whole people of earth ! It is a time for the diverse interests of the nations to be blended, and lost, like the seven colors of the prism, in the pure, white light of eternal peace and fellowship. i