b'QaX ***-\xc2\xa3\xe2\x96\xa0*\xc2\xa3> c^jy^^Us\'r&Ts\' /f4^ \n\n\n\nBF 879 \n.S25 \nCopy 1 \n\n\n\nAN \nEPITOME \n\nOF \n\n\n\nBEING A CLEAR AND CONCISE VIEW OF THE SCIENCE ; SYSTE- \nMATICALLY AND SYNTHETICALLY ARRANGED \nAND ANALYTICALLY APPLIED ; \n\nTogether with a \n\nPHRENOLOGICAL CHART \n\nof the head of \n\n\n\nM \n\n\n\nas examined by \n\n\n\nBY E. fl. SANFORD, \n\nM \n\nPRACTICAL PHRENOLOGIST, \n\nand author of \n\n"PHRENOLOGICAL CHART." \n\nKnow thyself.\xe2\x80\x94 The proper study of mankind is man.* \'\xe2\x80\x94Pope. \n\n\n\nFOR SALE AT \n\nDEWEY\'S NEWS ROOM, Rochester, N. Y. \n\nAND BY \n\nGROSH & WALKER, Utica, N. Y. \n\nPrinted by Hammond & Cunnington, Rochester, N. Y \n\xc2\xa3 1844, \n\n\n\nPREFACE. \n\n\n\nThe Author deems it unnecessary to offer an apology for the ap- \npearance of the present epitome, when he takes into consideration I \nhis frequent solicitations for the publication of a small work ofl \nthis kind, and also when he considers the order and arrangement] \nof the Chart ; the organs, too, being expressed in nine different} \ndegrees of developement, so that the feelings and intellect of any \nindividual is printed out at length, and which is peculiarly adapt- \ned to the desires and necessities of those who wish to study \ncharacter as well as those who are practical and theoretical phre- \nnologists. \n\nThe Author has not designed to treat of the subject to so \ngreat a length, as have been the case with those excellent Phre- \nnologists, Messrs. Fowler, and others, though the description of \nthe different degrees of the development of the organs are at more \nlength than any we have yet seen ; and should the present work \nmeet with a cordial reception, the larger work will soon be is- \nsued, and the design of the Author will be accomplished. \n\nE. H. S. \nRochester, N. Y\xe2\x80\x9e March. A. D., 1844. \n\n\n\nEXPLANATIONS. \n\nThe Scale used in this Chart is from one to nine, the medium^ \nfive, and the person filling it out, will mark a dash, (or other \ncharacter,) opposite the line or lines that are designed to re- \npresent the character, and the\' particular kind of intellect and \nfeeling of the person examined. This mark may be made on \nthe left hand margin, and the propelling power, &c, may be \nmarked in conformity with the scale. \n\n\n\nEntered according to Act of Congress, on the 8th day of March, in the \nyear 1844, by E. H. Sanford, in the Clerk\'s Office of the Dis- \ntrict Court of the Northern District of New York \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPHRENOLOGY. \n\nPhrenology is derived from two Greek words, which signify \nmind and discourse, and is (considered by Phrenologists as) a \ncorrect Philosophy, or medium, by which TO ARRIVE at the \nMANIFESTATIONS of the human mind. \n\nIt teaches, \n\nI. That the brain is the seat of the mind. \n\nII. That the mind operates with the brain : or, in union with \nmatter. \n\nIII. That the brain is endowed with & plurality of innate facul- \nties. \n\nIV. That each of these faculties bears a constant and uniform \nrelation, other things being equal, to the size of such organ or \nfaculty \n\n\n\nV. That the skull, (or cranium) corresponds so nearly, with \nthe form and development of the brain, that the size of the dif- \nferent organs can be accurately ascertained during life. \n\nThe manifested mental characteristics of men depend upon \ncertain conditions : some of which follow. \n\nI. THE STRENGTH OF THE SYSTEM. \n\nThe strength of the system is very important; and probably \nno Phrenological condition is so necessary for the manifestation \nof mind, as a STRONG, COMPACT, and VIGOROUS consti- \ntution. \n\nThe system may be divided anatomically and physiologically \ninto three parts, viz : " Q \' \n\nI. The Cephalic. \n\nII. The Thoracic. \n\nIII. The Abdominal. \n\nI. THE CEPHALIC, \n\nThis is that part of the system above the neck. ft is the seal \nof the nervous system a\'nd the center of sensation. The head \nproper constitutes this part or region, which contains the brain, \nin which are found the roots of the cranial nerves, the blood- \nvessels which supply the different parts, the medulla oblongatta, \n<fec. It is in this part that all mental phenomena occur. From \nit proceed all the fbreesof innervation, and the principal muscles \nof expression originate in this region. The brain is the center \nof nervous energy, which is distributed through the whole sys- \ntem : and when it is too large, the organs of the brain are too ex- \ncitable, nervous, rapid, changeable, and self exhausting. Ac- \ntivity is their element, and speedy exhaustion the result. \nThey can make a quick and vivid effort, but in as much as they \ndepend upon other p^\xc2\xbbrts of the system for nutrition, the mere \nnervous effort cannot be lasting. And where this region is large \nin proportion to the Thoracic and Abdominal regions, nutrition, \nwhich is the base of support to nervous energy, is comparatively \nwanting, and, consequently, the mind will partake of little ener- \ngy ; but will be languid, feeble, weak and inefficient. This \npart should be well attended to in conducting examinations: for a \nv.ory large brain, where the system is badly proportioned As a sure \n\n\n\nsign of a weak mind. Where the brain is too small, the mental \nfaculties have no range, and the influence of the individual will \nbe in proportion. But, where the head is in exact symmetry with \nthe other regions or parts, and other conditions are favorable, the \ndisposition will be praiseworthy, the feelings harmonious, the \nIntellect good, and, in short, the individual may be considered \nas one of nature\'s noblest sons. \n\nII\xe2\x80\x94 THE THORACIC. \n\nThis region is bounded by the ribs, the osternum, the dorsal \nvertebrae, the throat aDove, and the diaphragm below. It con- \ntains the Heart and Lungs ; which are the centers of circula- \ntion, and respiration. Upon these processes depend nutrition, \noxygenation of the blood, and consequently, animal heat and \nrenovation of the body in its constituent elements. If this region \nis comparatively too large, there will be a strong arterial circula- \ntion of the blood, which is more conducive to Physical action \nthan mental manifestation : the blood rushes through the brain \nwith too much force and rapidity : the blood vessels are too full, \nand too highly impregnated with oxygen : and is subject to the \ndemands of the involuntary organs. On the contrary, if the re- \ngion is too small, the system and brain are too poorly nourished ; \nthe blood is not sufficiently oxygenated, nor imparted in suffi- \ncient quantity, and with the requisite velocity, to the more dis- \ntant organs of the body. The consequence is, that the power \nof digestion is inadequate to the wants of the system : an equal \nflow of rich blood, which is the base of support to the animal \nframe, being defective, imbecility of mind, and inactivity of \nbody will ensue. And the individual will soon arrive at prema- \nture old age. An average proportion is invariably necessary \nto the healthy action of mind and body. \n\nIII.\xe2\x80\x94 THE ABDOMINAL REGION. \n\nThis lies below the waist, or diaphragm ; embracing the or- \ngans of digestion, the liver, spleen, &c. : and extends down to \nthe lower extremities. In these organs are performed many of \nthe most important functions of organic life. The influence oa \n\n\n\nthe cerebral development, resulting from a disproportionate de- \nvelopment of this region, may readily be inferred. The appe- \ntite, and the organs in the posterior and inferior convolutions of \nthe brain, are generally gratified ; where this region is propor- \ntionally too large. There is a thrilling, longing, or hanker- \ning after something to stimulate and satisfy. Gluttony, Licen- \ntiousness, Dishonesty, Drunkenness, &c, are the result of over- \naction in these organs ; which are very liable to be over-acted, \nwhere the ABDOMINAL region is too large. Unequal size in \nfavor of this region, tends to draw away the natural action of \nthe encephelon ; and use the energy thus purloined for the grati- \nfication of the animal appetite. Where this region is too small, \nthe Cephalic and Thoracic regions are deprived of the forces of \nnutrition and innervation : the cerebrum is weak in its action ; \nand the mind becomes more easily deranged by secondary caus- \nes. But, when this region is, considered in relation to the oth- \ners, harmoniously developed, the tone of the system is equal, \nthe secretions regular, the health easily retained, and the mind \nacU independently.. * \n\nNot only are we to take into the account the strength \n\xc2\xa9f the system, in estimating character ; but, likewise, the \nTEMPERAMENT. And, perhaps, this is a condition, upon \nwhich, the manifested mental characteristic depends, nearly, or \nquite as much, as upon the strength of the system. And in fact \nthe strength of the system itself ; as well as the relative develop- \nment of the three regions, are, probably grounded in the rela- \ntive combination of the \n\nTEMPERAMENTS. \n\nThe Temperaments are four in number ; viz : LYMPHAT- \nIC, SANGUINE, BILLIOUS, and NERVOUS. \n\nI.\xe2\x80\x94 LYMPHATIC \xe2\x80\xa2 \n\nThis temperament is indicated by a round form of the body, \nsoftness of the muscular system, repletion of the cellular tissue, \nfull clear skin, even outline of person, light hair, languid and \n\n\n\nplethoric habits. It is induced by obstruction in the lacteous sys- \ntem, and derangement in the lymphatic apparatus : scarcity of \nbile, and difficulty in the chyliferous functions. \n\nIt is accompanied by languid vital action ; with weakness \nand slowness in the circulation. The brain as part of the sys- \ntem, is also slow, languid and feeble in its action. And the \nmental manifestations are proportionally weak. This tempera- \nment is peculiarly adapted to the development of morbid emo- \ntions of the affective faculties* \n\n. II.\xe2\x80\x94 SANGUINE. \n\nThe Sanguine temperament is indicated by well defined form, \nmoderate plumpness of person, tolerable firmness of flesh, light \nhair inclining to chestnut, blue eyes and fair complexion, with \nruddiness of countenance. It is marked by a florid complexion, \nanimated countenance, the blood of a living sparkling hue, well \nimpregnated with atmospheric oxygen, great activity of the \nbloodvessels, through which the blood passes with- much rapidi~ \nty. The brain partakes of its natural state and is active., \n\nIt gives great energy of physical function, love of air, and \nout of door business), demands exercise and labor. It is more- \nconducive to physical, than mental exertion. Wrestlers, travel- \ners, and business men. have this temperament generally., \n\nIII.\xe2\x80\x94 BILLIOUS. \n\nThe Billions Temperament is indicated by black hair, dark \nskin, black eyes, much firmness of flesh, hard muscles, and gen- \nerally rather spare form, with harshly expressed outline of per- \nson. It originates in the biliary apparatus and has an intimate \nrelation with the organs of respiration. This temperament gives \nequal and strong impressions ; produces much strength rather \nthan activity, to the organs, and sustains great intellectual \nmanifestations. The functions partake of great energy of ac- \ntion ; which extends to thS* brain : and the countenance shows \nstrongly marked and decided features. It is conducive to great \nconstitutional strength and powers ot endurance. As examples: \nof this temperament predominating, may be adduced Nero^, \n\n\n\nAlexander, Brutus, Julius Caesar, Peter the Great, Cromwell. \nCharles 12th, Napoleon, and Mons. Guilliot. \n\nIV.\xe2\x80\x94 NERVOUS. \n\nThe Nervous Temperament is recognized by fine thin hair,thin \nskin, small delicate muscles, quickness of physical and mental \naction, long and slender organic fibres, paleness of countenance, \nand oftentimes delicate health, irritability, restiveness, nervous- \nness, elasticity, &c. The whole nervous systern is predomin- \nately activ e; with much celerity of thought and feeling: and \nthe mental manifestations are proportionally vivacious. When \nthis temperament predominates, the person possessing it, is eith- \ner happy, or unhappy, from impulse ; great or imbecile, from \nnecessity, and is characterized for Genius rather than Talent : \ncould not undergo hardships, and is liable to nervous diseases. \nThis Temperament is characteristic of all enthusiasts and: \npersons who are carried away by excitement. \n\nTHE TEMPERAMENTS COMBINED, \n\nThe four TEMPERAMENTS, which have been described, \nare rarely, if ever, found pure : but are variously combined ; \nand as the one, or the other predominates, the individual is said \nto possess the one or the other Temperament. The most com- \nmon combinations in this country, are, the BILLIOUS, NERV- \nOUS ; NERVOUS-SANGUINE ; and the SANGUINE- \nNERVOUS-BILLIOUS. The Lymphatic generally predomi- \nnates in marshy and humid districts. It is the characteristic \nTemperament of the Dutch in Holland, &c. As a general \nthins;, the Female possesses more of the NERVOUS, and the \nMale more of the BILLIOUS, or SANGUINE TEMPERA- \n\nMENT. \n\nThe most favorable Temperament for Intellectual greatness, \nis the NERVOUS--BILLOUS--SANGUINE, which gives \nsufficient activity, combined with great powers of endurance, \nand a strong and energetic brain. The proportion in which \nthese TEMPERAMENTS ought to be combined, m order to \nproduce this result, is nearly equal ; the. NERVOUS predomr, \nnating, the BILLIOUS next, and, lastly, the SANGUINE \n\n\n\nACTIVITY AND SIZE. \n\nSize gives power and momentum of intellect and feeling, \nwhilst activity gives quickness and intensity and even a rest- \nless desire to act. The balance wheel of a watch moves with \nmuch rapidity ; but its size is small, and consequently its pow- \ner comparatively weak and so easily resisted, in fact, that its mo- \ntion may be stopped by the strength of a single hair. On the \ncontrary, the beam of a steam engine moves slowly, but with \nsuch prodigious force that it can only be arrested by a gigantic \neffort. \n\nBy activity we mean the vivacity with which the faculties may \nbe manifested. It imparts intensity, quickness, celerity, and \neven a restless desire to act. And when this is accompanied \nby a large brain, and. other things are equal, such as education, \ncircumstances, habits, diet, &c, the indi- \nvidual will possess a mind as impetuous as \nthe lightning beam, as irresistible as the bril- \nliant, torrent, overwhelming\' and taking pos- \nsession of feebler minds, and impressing them \nirresistibly as with a feeling of gigantic pow- \ner like a \n\nDANIEL WEBSTER^ \n\nPROPELLING OR EXECUTIVE POWER. \n\nThis depends upon Self-Esteem, Firmness, Approbativeness, \nHope, Combativeness, and Destructiveness: which give deter- \nmination, ENERGY, STABILITY, ANTICIPATION, and a faculty to \n\noverlook, undertake, and surmount difficulties of an extreme \ncharacter. When these faculties are once roused into action, \nthey are to the intellect and morals, what wind is to the sail ? \nor steam to the engine. He who possesses them large, gener- \nally drives what he undertakes, and will be noted for DECIS^ \nION, PROMPTNESS, and UNYIELDING PERSEVER- \nANCE, in action \' " \n\n\n\n\nTABLE OF ADMEASURE- \nMENTS. \n\n\n\nCircumference of head around In- \ndividuality and Philoprogenitivoness. \n\nDistance from ear to car over the \nton of the head- \n\nFrom occipital spine to Individu- \nality. \n\nFrom occipital spine to ear. \n\nFrom ear to Individ ualityi \n\nf :rorn. ear to Firmness. \n\nFrom Destructiveness to Destruc- \ntiveness. \n\nFrom Cautiousness to Cautiosness. \n\nFrom Ideality to Ideality. \n\nFrom ear to Comparison- \n\nSIZE OF BRAIN. \n\nEXCITABILITY- \n\nDEGREE OF ACTIVITY. \n\norganization;. \' \n\nTempera mekts \n1. Lymphatic.. \n2 Sanguine \n3- Nervous.. \n4. Billions. \n\n\n\n\xc2\xa9 \n\n\nc \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"d \n\n\n\n\ntvfi \n\n\nhfl \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\no \n\n\n\n\n\n\ncc \n\n\n\n\n*s \n\n\n\n\n\xc2\xbb \n\n\ns \n\n\n\xc2\xbb \n\n\n1-3 \n\n\na \n\n\nfcf \n\n\nfc. \n\n\n"3 \n\n\n2 \n\n\nu, \n\n\n"rt \n\n\n> \n\n\n\n\n\n\nb \n\n> \n\n\nm \n\nO \n\n\n.\xc2\xa33 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\xc2\xab \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nB \n\nxn \n\n\n\n24,524, \n\n\n\n23,5 23,1 22,3 \n\n\n\n22,3 21,9 21,6 21,3 \n\nII \n\n\n\n15,5 15,3 15,1 ! H,3 14,814,2 14, \'13,9,13^ \n\n\n\n8,2 \n\n5, \n\n5,4 \n\n6,4 \n\n$$ \n\n6,3 \n6,5 \n6,2 \n\n\n\nIII \n\n\n\n4,9 \n5,3 \n6,3 \n\n6,4 \n62 \n6,3 \n6,1 \n\n\n\n7,9 1 7.8 7,7 7.3 i7,2 17.1 \n\'4,7 j4,6 14,4 ;3;8 J3,7 \'3,5 \n\n\n\n5,2 ,5,1 \n%2 ,6,1 \n\n6,2 ko \n\n6.1 \'6, \n\n6.2 6, \n\n6, |5,7 \n\n\n\n5,. (4,9 ,4,8 |4,7 \n\n\n\nT, \n\n3,2 \n\n4,6 \n\n\n\n5,9 |5,5 5,4 |5,3 .5,1 \n\n5,9 \'5i5 1^3 5,2 5, \n\n59 5,6 \'.5^3 i5,2 1 5*1: \n\n5.8 5,6 15,4 15,2 5,1 \n\n5,5 ,5,4 J5,3 .5,2 5,1 \n\n\n\nSCALE OF SIZR \n\n\n\n1. Very Small. \n\n% Small. \n\n3. Rather Moderate. \n\n4. Moderate. \n\n5. Full. \n\n6. Very Full. \n%. Large. \n\n8. Rather Large. \n\n9,. Very Large. \n\n\n\n9 \nCLASSIFICATION AND ANALYZATION OF THE \n\nFACULTIES. \n\nThe faculties are divided into two orders ; namely^ \n\nI. Feelings, \n\nII. Intellect. \n\nOrder 1st, is divided into two genera, denominated, \n\nI. Propensities, \n\nII. Sentiments. \n\nOrder 2d, is divided into three genera, denominated, \n\nI. External Senses, \n\nII. Internal Senses, \n\nIII. Reflective Faculties. \n\nWe will now proceed to analyze the faculties. We shall do \nthis in nine different degrees of development. \n\nORDER I. \n\nGENUS I.\xe2\x80\x94 DOMESTIC PROPENSITIES. \n\nThese create in us a social \nfeeling, and form our family \nattachments. They originate \nsexual impulses, paternal ties, \nand strong friendships. They \noccupy the lower back part of \nthe head or brain, \n\n\n\n\nAMATIVENESS. \nReciprocal attachment and love for the other sex. \n\n1. Seldom or ever experiences this feeling. \n\n2. Feels but very little love for the other sex and but little \ndesire to marry. \n\n8* Is rather deficient in sexual love ; may^have some ardor \nbut no great strength of this passion. \n\n4. Thinks well of the other sex, yet will not make too great \nsacrifices for their welfare. \n\n\n\n10 \n\n5. Thinks much of the opposite sex, and can enjoy their \nsociety well. \n\n6. Has considerable sexual passion, and is somewhat de- \nsirous to gratify it by promoting the happiness of another. \n\n7. Has quite a desire for connubial felicity. \n\n8. Has strong reciprocal love, and is discontented when de- \nprived of its gratification. \n\n9. Has strong sexual impulses, possesses this passion in the \nhighest degree. \n\nLocation. The Cerebellum. Discovered Try Gall. \n\nII.\xe2\x80\x94 PHILOPROGENITIVENESS, \nPaternal attachment ; love of young. \n\n1 . Has no Paternal love ; detests children ; would not make \na kind parent. \n\n2. Feels very little interest in children, rather averse to \ntheir company. \n\n3. Has some interest in his own children, but little in those \nof others. \n\n4. As a parent, would have some interest in the company \nof children, but will not bear much from them. \n\n5. As a father is tender toward his own children but is not \ntf indulgent. \n\n/. Is fond of his own children but not partial to those o\\ \n.fiers. \n\n7. Would make a kind parent and have much regard for \nhis offspring. \n\n8. Is quite delighted with children and pets. \n\n9. Is excessively fond of children and would be likely to \nspoil, or at least, injure them, by excessive indulgence. Is \nfond of domestic animals. \n\nLocation : This organ is situated in the posterior !o^e of \nthe brain, and is separated from the cerebellum by a small \nmembrane called the " Tentorium" Its development occu- \npies all the occipital bone above the transverse ridge and oc- \ncipital protuberance. Discovered by Gall, \n\n\n\nii \n\nIII.\xe2\x80\x94 ADHESIVENESS, \n\nI Attachment, affection, or love for relatives and friends. Fondness \nfor society. \n\n1. Cares but little for friends or relatives. \n\n2. Has but very little pure enjoy^nent in society of friends, \n\n3. Attachments are easily brcflen ; and is quite limited ia \nthe feeling of social attachment. \n\n4. Can enjoy friends and society, for his own interest, but \nis not very remarkable for steadiness of attachment. \xc2\xbb \n\n5. Is friendly and has some fondness for society. \n\n6. Is quite friendly \xe2\x80\x94 ^possesses considerable social feeling. \n\n7. Is highly sociable with a good degree of social feeling. \n\n8. Has warm attachments and steady friendships ; which \ngive a firm grasp and shake to the hand. \n\n9. Mourns excessively at the loss of a friend. Too great \na fondness for society and social intercourse. \n\nLocation.^ Obliquely to the right and left of, and above Philo* \nprogenitiveness. Discovered by Gcdh \n\nIV.\xe2\x80\x94 INHABITIVENESS. \n\ntore of home, and native place : patriotism, desire to remain or \ndiveil in one place, \n\n1 . Does not have much attachment to one place of residence * \nis fond of traveling. \n\n2. Thinks about as much of one place as another. \n\n3. Has but little regard for his native place :. is rather rov- \ning. \n\n4. Has some regard for home ; and is middling steady : but \nnot remarkably so. \n\n5. Has some desire to dwell in one place. \n\n6. Can leave home although attachment to it is strong. \n\n7. Desires a local situation, is not fond of moving about. \n\n8. Has strong attachments to his native place ; and is not \nroving. \n\n0. Exceedingly opposed to change of local situation*--\xe2\x80\x94 \nAverse to traveling\xe2\x80\x94 desires to dwell in his native place- \n\n\n\n12 \n\nLocation. This organ is located a little below and under the \nsuperior angle of the occipital bone. Discovered by Spurzeheim. \n\nWe now come to the selfish propensities. These, provide for \nand terminate in self-gratification. They occupy the lower \npart of the brain near the ear. \n\nY:_CONCENTRATIVENESS. \n\nSense of mental continuity. \n\n1. Wants application ; is fickle minded. \n\n2. Too volatile ; wants application. \n\n3. Is fond of variety ; don\'t wish to see and hear too much \nof one thing ; and will never show taste as a critic. \n\n4. Has too many kinds of business at a time; and can change \nhis feelings without much effort : is fond of new friends. \n\n5. Has but little regularity of feeling. \n\n6. Can study several subjects at a time and scarry them \nalonff without confusion. \n\n7. Has a good degree of continuity of thought and feeling; \nand does not want in application. , \n\n8. Is rather inclined to rely on one truth or fact, in debate l \nholds on long and hard as a critic. \n\n0. Is prolix : is inclined to ultra notions; goes clear out to \nthe extent of the subject ; is tedious and has much repetition. \n\nLocation.\xe2\x80\x94 Above Inhabitiveness. and below Self-Esteem; \nDiscovered by Combe. \n\nA.\xe2\x80\x94VlTATIVENESS. \n\nSense of life, love of existence, desire for immortality. See plate \nNo. 1, page 1. \n\n1 . Looks on death coldly. \n\n2. Considers death as a mere common certainty ; but not \nSo dreadful affair as is pretended. \n\n0. Is careless of health and life- \n\n4. Feels much indifference to life ; arid stfll less fcbtfu! \ndeath. \n\n\n\n13 \n\n5. Looks upon death with some reluctance. \n\n6. Has middling strong attachments to life ; dreads anni- \nhilation. \n\n7. Appreciates the pleasures of life and has quite a desire \nto cling to them. \n\n8. Strong desire to live, with much fear of death. \n\n9. Looks upon death as the king of terrors : has a great \ndesire for immortality : and shudders at the thought of death. \n\nLocation. In the posterior, lateral inferior convolutions of \nthe cerebrum : opposite the mastoid process. Discovered by \n\nVim\'ont. \n\nVI.\xe2\x80\x94 COMBATI v ENESS. \n\n\n\nPeeling of opposition, defence, resist- \nhnce. courage and resentment wJiicli char- \nier iscd \n\n\n\n\n\n\nK. M. JOHNSON & ANDREW JACKSON. \n\n1 . Can withstand nothing, is coward iv, and easily discour \n\n\n\naged \n\n\n\n2. Is pusillanimous and rather chicken-hearted. \n\n3. Has but little faculty to overcome difficulties or coun- \nteract opposition. \n\n4. Rather wants resolution, avoids contention, and has a \nmild disposition. \n\n5. Is not disposed to retaliate ; and is not delighted with \nwrangling disputes. \n\n6. Is not very cautious but energetic : is bold when aroused, \n\n7. Seldom ever courts or shrinks from opposition ; but will \ncontend powerfully for interest. \n\nH. \xe2\x80\xa2 Has a strong combative spirit : which originates in the \n\n\n\n14 \n\nfeeling of "let me and mine alone : h loves debate, and as an \nopponent is quick, spirited and efficient. As a financier is en- \nergetic and unyielding. \n\n9. Is disposed to retaliate, fond of disputes and contention ; \ngreat pugnacity, and the most violent temper. \n\nLocation. This organ is located behind Secretiveness and \nDestructiveness ; and beneath the posterior inferior angle of the \nparietal bones. Discovered by Gall. \n\nVII.\xe2\x80\x94 DESTRUCTIVENESS, \n\nExecutiveness : ability to endure the sight of pain ; virulence, in* \ndignation, anal a disposition to remove and surmount obstacles. \n\n1. Is unable to cause or endure the sight of pain or dealh : \nis wanting in virulence, indignation, or force. \n\n2. Has but little disposition or ability to kill or destroy, is \ntame in feeling. \n\n3. Has no disposition to inflict pain. \n\n4. Would hardly hurt one if he could ; and would be \ntroubled to if he would : the anger possessed is derided rather \nthan feared. \n\n5. Is mild ; possesses but little of the vindictive ; and when \nangry lacks force and energy of character. \n\n6. Possesses some of the vindictive feelings yet lacks ener- \ngy of character .. \n\n7. Does not like to causes pain ; yet when aroused possesses \nsome force of character and some severity. \n\n8. When called out feels deep toned indignation ; yet under \nordinary circumstances will not willingly inflict pain. \n\n9. When provoked is vindictive, exterminating, and dis- \nposed to inflict pain : has great executive power, much viru- \nlence, rancor and indignation. \n\nLocation. Above the ear. Discovered by Gall. \n\nVIII.\xe2\x80\x94 ALIMENTIVENESS. \nSense of appetite, desire for food. \n1. Forgets to cat. \n\n\n\n16 \n\n\n\n2. Has but little relish for victuals ; is dainty and particu- \nlarly about food : " is more nice than wise." \n\n3. Is rather wanting in relish for food : is irregular at meals, \nand is subject to delicate health. \n\n4. Is not very particular about the kind or quality of food. \n\n5. Is fond of a good meal ; but is not an extravagant eater. \n\n6. Has a fair appetite : eats with some relish. \n\n7. Wants good food and a plenty of it. \n\n8. Desires regular meals, but is more particular about the \nquantity than the quality of food. \n\n9. Is rather fond of luxurious living : has a voracious appe- \ntite and eats with the keenest relish. \n\nLocation. Before the ear, behind and above the Zygomatic \nprocess. Discovered by Crook or Hojppe, \n\nORDER L \n\nGENUS II.\xe2\x80\x94 SENTIMENTS. \n\n\n\nThe sentiments are divided into, \xe2\x80\x94I. INFERIOR.\xe2\x80\x94 II. SU- \nPERIOR. \n\nL The inferior or selfish sentiments. \n\n\n\nThese terminate to a great ex- \ntent in the gratification of self : al- \nthough they are far less selfish \nthan the propensities. They oc- \ncupy the superior posterior and \nlateral portions of the brain. They \n\xc2\xa3re shown large in \n\n\n\n\nPHILIP, THE NOTOEIOUS THIEF. \n\n\n\nL6 \n\nIX.\xe2\x80\x94 ACQUISITIVENESS. \n\nDesire for wealth ; anxiety to possess, \n\n1. Is idiotic in relation to money 5 and depends upon others \n/or support. \n\n2. Is slack in regard to pecuniary matters ; a spendthrift. \n\n3. Is a poor economist : has more " out goes than incomes." \n\n4. Is not very frugal, can get property easier than keep it. \n\n5. Likes money and property, hut is slow about getting it. \n\n6. Is fond of possession, but is not penurious. \n\n7. Has a desire for riches, is industrious, and fond of acquir- \ning- \n\n8. Is very frugal and saving, pained to see waste and ex- \ntravagance : and would be delighted with large possessions. \n\n9. Has an extreme miserly disposition : is very penurious, \nand desires to " keep what he gets, and get all he can." \n\nLocation. Above and before Secretiveness, and beneath the \nanterior and inferior angle of the parietal bone. " Discovered \noy Gall \n\nX.\xe2\x80\x94 SECRETIVENESS. \n\nPrudence to conceal that which should not be known, tact, policy \nmanagement. \n\n1. Will not be likely to reveal secrets for the mind has \nnone to keep : tells every thing. \n\n2. Has no secrets, is blunt, and speaks what should not be \nknown. \n\n3. Generally wants a little help to keep even secrets he- \nlonging tq self, much more those of others. \n\n4. Is generally frank and open hearted ; and is sometimes \nrather hasty in speech ; loves truth and fairness. \n\n5. Is somewhat prudent in speech and action ; but would \nbe rather fond of notoriety. \n\n\n\n17 \n\n6. Is a little reserved in feel- \ning and can be made a confiden- \ntial of under favorable circum- \nstances, \n\n7. Has some tact and man- \nagement ; a little mysterious. \n\n8. Rarely reveals his feel- \nings, emotions, or desires : is \ncunning, hypocritical, and sel- \ndom acts with perfect openness. \n\n9. Is very sly, deceitful, dark \nand reserved : a real adept in- \ndisguising his sentiments and \npurposes, like \n\n\n\n\nAARON BURR. \n\n\n\nLocation. Above Destructlvenes. and below Cautiousness. \nDiscovered by Gall. \n\n\n\nXL\xe2\x80\x94 CAUTIOUSNESS. \n\n\n\nhesitancy : the origin of the iiut\'nct of \n\n\n\nSense of fear, danger, \ntimidity. \n\n1. Is reckless of danger and future evil : courageous. \n\n2. Is not timid when exposed to ruin, or danger. \n\n3. Is reckless in action: hasty in speech, and generally in- \ncautious. \n\n4. Is liable to misfortune : imprudent. \n\n5. Has some caution, but often fails in business for the \nwant of prudence : would be somewhat liable to engage in \nspeculation. \n\n6. Repents too late : none too much prudence and circum- \nspection. \n\n7. Does not borrow much trouble: is not irresolute nor timid. \n\n8. Is careful, apprehensive, deliberate ; solicitous about \ncircumstances, and sometimes hangs between two opinions. \n\n9. Hesitates, borrows trouble : is irresolute, circumspect \ntious, and tearful. \n\n\n\nLocati \n\n\n\nX \n\n\n\ncariv in the mi \n\n\n\nplace where ossification begins. \n\n\n\nof the parietal bones ; the. \nDiscovered by Gall. \n\n\n\n18 \n\nXII.\xe2\x80\x94 APPROBATIVENESS. \n\nSense of honor ; regard for. character and reputation \n\n1. Cares nothing for smiles or frowns. \n\n2. No affability ; is rather independent. \n\n3. Cares little for praise or popularity. \n\n4. Goes the way which suits No. 1 ; does not pay much \nregard to public opinion. \n\n5. Thinks but little of praise, though has some regard for \npopularity, and loves distinction. \n\n6. Enjoys approbation well, but does not sacrifice much to \nobtain it. \n\n%. Desires fame and applause ; yet has some independence. \n\n8. Is fond of fashion and display: is keenly alive to the\' \nsmiles and frowns of the public ? is very affable and polite. \n\n9. Has too great sensitiveness : is rather zealous : regards \na good name as his all. \n\nLocation. \xe2\x80\x94 Between Cautiousness, Conscientiousness, and, \nSelf- Esteem. Discovered by QalL \n\nXIII.\xe2\x80\x94 SELF-ESTEEM, \n\n\n\nSelf-respect; self-confidence; self-complacency; love of free- \ndom, liberty \', and independence. \n\n1. Has little confidence; is unassuming: wants independence, \n\n2. Is not sufficiently dignified ; lacks weight of character. \n\n3. Stands back and waits for a lead- \ner : is unassuming. \n\n4. Lets himself down ; says and \ndoes trifling things ; has some, but not \nmuch, force of character. \n\n5. Has some self-respect, but is not \nhigh minded. \n\n6. Has a good degree of self-confi- \ndence ; yet is not haughty nor unsocial. \n\n7. Considerable self-respect, inde- \npendence. &<?., which characterizes \n\n5 " JOHN TYLER \n\n\n\n\n\\% \n\n8. Has a high-toned, manly feeling, which despises mean- \nness, and commands respect ; will be at the head or nowhere i \nis more inclined to look up than down. \n\n9. Is proud, arrogant, commanding, assuming and aristo- \ncratic. \n\n1 Location. At the vertex or top of the head; a little abore \nthe posterior or sagital angle of the parietal bones. \nDiscovered by Gall. \n\nXIV.\xe2\x80\x94 FIRMNESS, \n\nStability, decision, perseverance : instinct to \\ ( go a-head." \n\n1. Can not be relied on : wants stability. \n\n2. Has but little decision of character, \n\n3. Is not persevering to effect much, \n\n4. Is a little wanting in stability : gives out too soon. \n\n5. Is rather vacillating : yields too readily to the opinions \nof others. \n\n6. Has some decision of character, fortitude and persever- \nance. \n\n7. Can generally be relied on; has ordinary perseverance. \n\n8. Is determined and stubborn when opposed : determined \nand unyielding. \n\n9. Has much self-will : is obstinate with invincible deter- \nmination. \n\nLocation. The middle of the upper and posterior part of the \nsincipital region of the head. Discovered by Gall. \n\n\n\n20 \n\n\n\nII.\xe2\x80\x94 SUPERIOR OR MORAL SENTIMENTS. \n\n\n\nThese are the sentiments \nwhich constitute man a moral \nand religious being. The low* \nyr animals appear to be defi- \ncient in these sentiments. Of \nthese we will now treat. \n\n\n\n\nXV.\xe2\x80\x94 CONSCIENTIOUSNESS, \n\nA feeling of justice, duty, honesty, and integrity, and desire that \nright should be rewarded and wrong punished. \n\n1. Does not regard justice, gratitude, or Integrity. \n\n2. Wanting in honesty and integrity \n\n3. No inclination to confess ; wanting in conscientious \nscruples of right and wrong. \n\n4. Lets interest rule : justifies himself: is apt to regar.1 du- \nty only in feeling. \n\n5. Not very remarkable for compunctions of conscience, or \ngrateful emotions. \n\n6. Has right intentions ; but their influence is rather tCK> \nlimited. \n\n%. Is generally fair and conscientious ; yet, under great \ntemptations might fall short. \n\n8. Loves truth and duty : is strictly honest, faithful, up>- \nright in feelings ; means well and cannot tolerate wrong. \n\n9. Is very conscientious ; rigidly honest ; possesses marked \nintegrity, and can be safely trusted under all circumstances. \n\nLocation. Between Cautiousness and Firmness, and imme- \ndiately in front of approbate veness. Discovered hy SpurzJuix* \n\n\n\n21 \n\nXVI.\xe2\x80\x94 HOPE. \n\nAnticipation of future success : expectation of future good. \n\n1. Is despondent : the future looks black. \n\n2. Is low spirited : has the " horrors." 5 \n\n3. Borrows trouble : sees many obstacles in the way : re- \nalizes about all that is anticipated. \n\n4. Expectations feeble, and hopes limited. \n\n5. Is somewhat sanguine ; but realizes mostly what is ex- \npected. \n\n6. Some cheerfulness and anticipation : but not a very large \nshare. \n\n7. Is generally in good cheer: don\'t borrow much trouble. \n\n8. Bright anticipations of the future : makes large promises. \n\n9. Has very bright anticipations : builds scores of castles \nin the air: believes that every thing is for the best ; and looks \nbeyond the confines of time to an eternity of blessedness. \n\nLocation. Between Marvelousness and Conscientiousness. \nDiscovered by Spurzelieim, \n\nXVII.\xe2\x80\x94 MARVELOUSNESS. \n\nSense of wonder ; love of novels : instinct of "faith* \'\' \': belief \nin Divine Providences and supernatural agencies. \n\n1. Is sceptical ; rejects every thing that is mysterious. \n\n2. Is very incredulous : hardly believes any thing but what \nis seep. \n\n3. Believes but little, if any thing, that can not be account- \ned for. \n\n4. Is a doubter till he sees and knows for himself. \n\n5. Is rather wanting in faith ; yet will believe when belief \ncannot be avoided ; relies much upon facts and first causes. \n\n6. Has a belief in things that can reasonably be accounted \nfor ; and has some desire for the marvelous. \n\n7. Has a good degree of faith and desire for the marvelous. \ng> Is fond of the novel and believes quite readily. \n\n9. Believes in supernatural agencies and forewarnings : is \nvery credulous, superstitious, and regards most things with \nwonder. \n\n\n\n22 \n\n\n\nLocation. Anterior to the organ (in front) of Hop\xc2\xa9. \nDiscovered by Gall. \n\nXVIII.\xe2\x80\x94 VENERATION. \n\nSubmissiveness ; a disposition to venerate, respect, and adore c \nSupreme Being : deference to a superior. \n\n1. Has no reverence nor respect for a Supreme Being nor \nfor men. \n\n2. Acknowledges but few superiors, and looks upon religion \nwith little respect. \n\n3. But little seriousness ; wanting piety. \n\n4. But little inclination to respect the aged; or what h \ngreat and good in itself. \n\n5. Disregards religious creeds, forms and ceremonies ; and \nis not very serious nor respectful. \n\n6. Feels rather a greater sense of duty and justice than of \nworship : yet, generally speaks weil of religion. \n\n7. Is capable of enjoying religious societies ; treats equals \nand superiors with some respect. \n\n8. Loves to adore and worship God ; especially through his \nworks ; treats every person respectfully. \n\n9. Is somewhat liable to religious enthusiasm : is respectful \nto all : sometimes too yielding and submissive .to the opinions \nand writings of others. \n\nLocation. In the top of the head between Firmness and Be: \nnevolence. Discovered by Gall. \n\nXIX.\xe2\x80\x94 BENEVOLENCE. \n\n\n\nCharity, compassion, kindness. \nshown in the head of \n\n\n\nThis \n\n\n\n\nH. KAEEISOX. \n\n\n\n1. Brutal, cruel, without kindness or humanity. \n\n2. Hard-hearted ; possesses much indifference to suffering. \n\n3. Cares little for the woes or wants of mankind. \n\n4. Is not noted for much benevolence or kindness of feeling. \n\n5. Has some compassion, but not much liberality. \n\n6. Would do offices of kindness, but would serve self first. \n. 7. Has a good share of sympathy for persons in distress ; \n\nhut likes to consult popularity and interest. \n\n8. " Is kind hearted and obliging ; and is glad to serve others \neven to his own injury. \n\n9. Possesses much more than ordinary share of humanity \nand kindness of feeling : entertains a feeling of benevolence to \nall. ( < \n\nLocation. On the top and mesial line of the head, anterior \nto Veneration. Discovered by Gall. \nORDER II. \nGENUS I.\xe2\x80\x94 EXTERNAL SENSES. \xe2\x80\xa2 \n\nSensation, sight, hearing, , taste, and smell. By means of \nthese, men and animals are brought into communication with \nthe external world. They serve as channels for the inlet of \nknowledge. We ft el by means of the nerves of sensation, we \nsee by means of the optic nerves, wc hear by means of the audi- \ntory nerves, we taste by means of the gustavory nerves, and we \nsmell by means of the olfactory nerves. When impressions are \nmade upon these nerves, each pair conveys to the brain its own \npeculiar impressions. When these different impressions enter \nthe brain, the mind, for the first time perceives their existence j \nand this phenomenon is called perception. \n\nGENUS II\xe2\x80\x94 INTERNAL SENSES. \n\nThese senses, or terceptive faculties, procure knowledge \nof external objects, their various relations and physical quali- \nties. We will first treat of the, \n\nSEMI-INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. \n\nSUBLIMITY. \n\nSense of the sublime, the grand and lofty facts in nature. \n\n1. Never awakened by any of the feelings common to this \nfaculty. \n\n\n\n64 \n\n2. \xe2\x80\xa2Takes no kind of interest in the grand and sublime scen- \nery of the Universe. \n\n3. Is not delighted with the grandeur of natural scenery. \n\n4. Emotions of the sublime are not very marked, but on the \ncontrary, almost wanting. \n\n5. Moderate emotions of the magnificent. \n\n6. Has some taste for the romantic. \n\n7. Somewhat fond of the picturesque, and grotesque in na- \nture. \n\n^ 8. The " Fslls of Niagara,\' 5 Old Ocean\'s roar, the forked \nlightning of h%&Ven, the maddened whirlwind of the serial re- \ngions, the wild crashing of the tempest, or the pealing shock of \nmidnight thunder ; are all calculated to gratify. \n\n9. Is passionately fond of the wild, the romantic ; the grand \nand the awful : ideas of the star-spangled blue vault, of heaven, \nplurality of worlds &c, are very pleasing. \n\nLocation. Between Ideality and Cautiousness. Discovered \nby Combe? \n\nXX.\xe2\x80\x94 CONSTRUCTIVENESS. \n\nFaculty and desire to invent, construct and build ; originality; \n\n\n\n1. Has no faculty for invent- \ning : is destitute of mechanical in- \ngenuity. \n\n2. Is awkward with tools and \ncannot build to advantage. \n\n3. Is rather wanting in origi- \nnality and cannot use tools with \nmuch facility. \n\n4. Is not as original as imita- \ntive. \n\n5. Is rather bungling and awk- \nward : ]f compelled to use tools \ndoes as well as possible. \n\n6. Can imitate better than in- \nvent : has some ingenuity which \nis principally the result ofpracticc. \n\n7. Shows some dexterity in the use of tools and woui< \nsome attempts at originality. \n\n\n\n\nEGBERT FULTON. \n\n\n\nlake \n\n\n\n25 \n\n\n\n$. Is fond of mechanism and concocts many schemes which \nare fraught with ingenuity. \n\n9. Has a restless desire to improve, invent, &c. : is very \nfond of mechanism and possesses the first degree of mechani- \ncal skill. \n\nLocation. Between the organs of acquisitiveness and tune, \nbeneath the wing of the sphenoidal bone. Discovered by GalL \n\nXXL\xe2\x80\x94 IDEALITY. \n\nPerception of the beautiful : chaste and elegant taste and refine- \nment effecting : desire for poetry and perfection. \n\n1. Has much coarseness and vulgarity of feeling. \n\n2. Has no taste nor refinement. \n\n3. Has but little fancy : is plain in his style : and has but \nlittle desire for improvement or for poetry. \n\n4. Has but little fondness for embellishments or imagery. \n\n5. Has some taste, but not enough to influence him to any \nextent. \n\nG. Has some fondness for poetry and, \nthe beautiful, but nothing extraordinary. \n\n7. Is quite fond of the beautiful, and \nwhatever is nice and refined in itself: \nlas a lively imagination. \n\n8. Is fond of poetry, oratory, elo- \nquence ; any thing either impassioned ||g \nor effective : and bas inventive powers \nns a poet. \n\n9. Is entirely wrapped up in the ide- \nal and fanciful : has rapturous and viv- \nid imaginations. \n\nLocation. \n\n\n\n\nJ. Q. ADAMS. \n\n\n\nNearly along the lower part of the temporal \nridge of the frontal bone, anterior to sublimity and below imita- \ntion. Discovered by Gall. \n\nXXII.\xe2\x80\x94 IMITATION. \n\nAbility to pattern after, mimic, imitate or copy,- \n\n1 . Wanting in the functions of this faculty. \n\n% Can not imitate copies, drawings,- sketches, &c. \n\n\n\n\xc2\xa79 \n\n5. Dislikes to copy after others. \n\n4. Has a stiiTimitative manner : relates st ->ries and copies \nbadly. *" \\ \n\n5. Can copy some but not well. \n\n6. Can copy and pattern after some. \n\n7. .Has some disposition to imitate, but mimics with some \ndifficulty : with some practice can copy tolerably well. \n\n8. Can pattern after, mimic, or imitate well: can do with \nonce showing. \n\n9. Is a real mimic : can act out or copy any thing. \nLocation. On each side of Benevolence. Discovered by \n\nGall. \n\nHaving treated of the semi-intellectual faculties we next \nco rue to the perceptive- faculties, which were extraordinary in \nthe head of Washington, and large in J. Adams and Thos. Jeff- \nerson. \n\n\n\n\nTHOMAS JS^FSIS^N. \n\n\n\n21 \nXXIII.\xe2\x80\x94 MIRTHFULNESS. \nWit, humor, and merited ridicule. \n\n1. Is sober ; averse to joking and laughing, \n\n2. Sensitive when laughed at. \n\n3. Does not appreciate the wit of a remark however ludi- \ncrous. \n\n4. Too easily influenced by ridicule to abandon a chosen \ncourse, \n\n5. May blunder out some laughable remarks but not often. \n\n6. Likes to hear witty or ludicrous remarks. \n\n7. Has a good perception of the ludicrous, and is fond of \njokes and pleasantry. \n\n8. Quick at repartee : makes much \nfun: can make time pass off agreeably and \npleasantly. \n\n9. Is always ready with wit and fun ; \nextremely fond of the comical. \n\nLocation. On the anterior superior and \nlateral part of the forehead. Discovered bij \nGalL J \n\nWASHINGTON IRVING, \n\nXXIV.\xe2\x80\x94 INDIVIDUALITY \n\nSense of substantive things ) memory of names ; of things as in. \ndividual existencies and isolated capacities, \n\n1. Idiotic in the functions of this faculty. \n\n2. Sees no particulars and has no memory for names. \n\n3. Is not observing and knows little of the physical universe. \n\n4. Has little disposition to observe things as individual ex- \nistencies. \n\n5. Limited powers of observation and moderate desires to \nsee and know \n\n6. Has fair memory of names when the mind is charged \nwith them and exhibits some powers of observation. \n\n7. Can remember substantives without much difficulty. \n\n8. Can particularize and remember things separately : is a \nclose observer \n\n\n\n\n28 \n\n9. Is not liable to make mistakes, is constantly observing \nand quick in perception. \n\nLocation. Directly above the root of the nose in the center \npf the lower forehead. Discovered by Spurzeheim. \n\nXXV.\xe2\x80\x94 FORM, \n\nMemory for faces, forms, and drawings. \n\n1. Has no memory for forms or faces. \n\n2. Has a poor memory of faces and drawings. \n\n3. Can not form or sketch with any ease. \n\n4. Must see persons several times before their forms and \ncountenances will be distinctly recognized. \n\n5. Recollects forms and countenances tolerably though not \nremarkably well. \n\n6. Has a fair perception of shapes and forms. \n\n7. Could, with practice, give good form and shape to any \nthing. \n\n8. Recognizes forms and shapes well and has a first rate \nmemory of persons. \n\n9. Would be remarkable for drawing and giving the de- \nsired form ; always knows persons after seeing them once ? \n\nLocation. Between the eyes. Discovered by Gall. \n\nXXVI.\xe2\x80\x94 SIZE. \n\nKnowledge of magnitudes, bulks and sizes, \n\n1. Has great difficulty in the ordinary use of this primitive \nfaculty. \n\n2. Judges of relative size very inaccurately. \n\n3. A poor judge to measure by the eye. \n\n4. Has a poor mechanical eye and is rather a bad judge of \nsize. \n\n5. With practice might exhibit some accuracy in the use \nof this faculty. \n\n6. Can measure the hight, breadth, magnitude, and length \no( objects with some though not remarkable accuracy. \n\n7. Is good qbout measuring perpendiculars and horizontal* \n\n\n\n29 \n\n8. Is distinguished as having a correct eye. \n\n9. Has a remarkable judgment of size : detects any thing \nthat is not plumb, very quick. \n\nLocation. At the internal c<?rner of the eye. Discovered hy \nSpurzeheim. \n\nXXVII.\xe2\x80\x94 WEIGHT. \n\nJudgment of equal- balance, of weight, c^c. .-. application of the h.w \nof gravitation \n\n1. Very deficient in this faculty. \n\n2. Has little ability in horsemanship and walks awkwardly. \n\n3. Maintains the center of gravity rather poorly. \n\n4. Is a poor marksman and can not carry a steady hand. \n\n5. Ventures very little upon dizzy hights. \n\n6. Can preserve the right balance tolerably well, though not \nremarkably sc. \n\n7. Preserves equilibrium well, and can ride a fractious \nhorse. V; - \n\n8. Would be a good marksman : throws a stone, or ball, \nstraight: can balance and preserve the center of gravity weir, \n\n9. Possesses this faculty in a remarkable degree : can ride \na fractious horse, and perform many other balancing exploits. \n\nLocation, In the superciliary ridge between Size and Color- \ning. Discovered hy Spurzeheim . * \n\nXXVIII,\xe2\x80\x94 COLORING. \n\nPcrccpiim of and "memory for colors, their different tints and \n\nshades. \n\n1. Can not tell green, from red. \n\n2. Can hot discriminate between colors. \n\n3. Can tell black from white, but seldom can quite well,, \nwhen applied to the hair and eyes of persons with whom he is \nacquainted. \n\n4. Calls on his friends to assist him when this faculty is call- \ned into exercise. \n\n5. Does not notice shades much and when this is the case \nmakes mistakes, \n\n\n\n30 \n\n6. Can discern and recollect colors but seldom notices them. \n\n7. With practice judges of colors well. \n\n8. Likes to see various colors, with different tints and hues ; \nand is delighted with flowers and paintings. \n\n9. Would excel in painting or coloring ; is remarkably fond \nof beautiful colors. \n\nLocation. Above the middle of the eyebrow : near the cen- \nter of the superciliary arch. Discovered by Gall. \n\nXXIX.\xe2\x80\x94 ORDER. \n\nPerception of, and desire for,, system and arrangement, \n\n1. Cares nothing about order ; is slovenly. \n\n2. Is more fond of confusion and discord, than arrangement. \n\n3. Is not systematic : lacks order. \n\n4. Is negligent in dress ; likes but does not keep order. \n\n5. Has some order and some disorder, is not remarkable for \neither. \n\n6. Is sometimes systematic, but not very remarkable for \nneatness . \n\n7. Likes order much. \n\n8. Very fond of order and system : has a place for every \nthing and desires to keep every thing in its place, \n\n9. Is very precise about order and gets very much annoyed \nwhen things are confused and out of place. \n\nLocation. At the external angle of the eyebrow, behind that \nof Color: and under the outer edge of the external angular pro- \ncess. Discovered by Spurzeheim. \n\nXXX.\xe2\x80\x94 CALCULATION. \n\nDesire for arithmetic : perception of and memory for. numbers. \n\n1. Is idiotic in this organ. \n\n2. Recollection of numbers very poor, \n\n3. Weak arithmetical talent. \n\n4. Is dull in figures and would not have a quick perception \n\xc2\xa9f their relations. \n\n5. Not very quick in figures : rather slow and inaccurate^ \n\n\n\n31 \n\n6. Might succeed in numbers by close application. \n\n7. Would make a good accountant. \n\n8. Would excel in numbers by practice : has a quick per- \nception of the relation of numbers. \n\n9. Remarkably quick in computing by numbers : a quick \naccountant and natural arithmetician. \n\nLocation; Below and laterally of order ; at the external an*, \ngle of the eye. Discovered by Gall. \n\nXXXI.\xe2\x80\x94 LOCALITY. \n\nLove of travel j memory of places locations and situations. \n\n1. Gets lost easily ; poor memory of places. \n\n2. Seldom observes locations or places ; has little geographic \ncal knowledge. \n\n3. Sometimes loses the point of compass and is liable to get \nlost : recollects places rather poorly. \n\n4. Has a limited recollection of places. \n\n5. Would not succeed without much application as a geo- \ngrapher or astronomer. \n\n6. Recollects,, and finds places tolerably well. \n\n7. Remembers the locations and relative positions of objects \nwell : and has some fondness for traveling. \' \xc2\xbb " \n\n8. Has a roving mind and desire to travel and see different \ncountries. \n\n9. Is even passionately fond of traveling and exploring, \nand never forgets places or situations. \n\nLocation. Above Size and below and on each side of Eventu- \nality. Discovered hy GalL \n\n\n\n32 \n\n\n\nXXXII.\xe2\x80\x94 EVENTUALITY. \n\nA perception of, and memory for active phenomena ; incidents, oc \nenrrences in Jihtorj. \n\n\n\n\nps^r \n\n\n=^ES=^ \n\n\n"j, |----^\xe2\x80\x94 ^ \n\n\n~r~ : : \xe2\x96\xa0\xe2\x96\xa0.. \n\n\n"ijffifflr \n\n\n\xe2\x96\xa0BEaHBwfe^ = \xe2\x80\x94 . ~^r \n\n\n=-\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x94 \n\n\n\n\n^iiPiCTK \n\n\nwwA \n\n\n\n\naiiiii \n\n\nMm \n\n\n\n\n% ;\xe2\x96\xa0\' ) \' \n\n\n"-; : - N.-- \n\n\n. ;-i \n\n\n% sS* \n\n\n" \n\n\n\n\nm-. \n\n\n\'" -; \' - : \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n. \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n~ \'\'r.^ \n\n\n\n\n\xe2\x80\xa2 " TT.Z \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n*="---- \n\n\n=^^^^m \n\n\n\xe2\x96\xa0\xe2\x96\xa0It -.-.-\' " \n\n\n\n\n\n\n-".-.:T. \'-:-\':"\xe2\x96\xa0 \n\n\n\n\n1t^=l_- ._ \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJ- MONROE. \n\n\n\nJ. MADISON- \n\n\n\n\nJUDGE STQ.fi I 7 . \n\n\n\n\nAMOS KENDALL. \n\n\n\n1. Recollects very little of what is seen and heard. \n\n2. A treacherous memory of history. \n\n3. Has a very indistinct recollection of historical facts and \noccurences of the day : and would make rather a poor hand to \nnarrate them. \n\n4. Is" somewhat forgetful of incidents, facts and anecdotes. \n% 5. May recollect the leading events but forgets unimportant \n\ndetails. \n\n6. Has neither a bad nor a good memory of occurrences. \n\n7. Would do tolerably well as a historian. \n\n8. Is a good observer of occurrences and active phenomena: \nwould be fond of narrating, has a desire to examine the leading \nevents of active life. \n\n\n\n88 \n\n9. Has an extraordinary memory of facts, history and news \nof the day : is a very close observer of men\'s actions. \n\nLocation. At the center of the forehead above Individuali- \nty. Discovered by .Gall. \n\nXXXIII.\xe2\x80\x94 TIME, \n\nPerception of the lapse of time : chronology : time in music* \n\n1. Can seldom tell his own age or the day of the week or \nmonth. \n\n2. Forgetful of time ; hence liable to forget appointments, \n$. Has rather a poor recollection of dates, time when &c. \n\n4. Rather under par in relation to the functions of this or- \ngan. \n\n5. May remember dates but not well. \n\n6. Has a fair recollection of dates. \n\n7. Would observe the duration and succession of events \ngenerally and can keep beat in music. \n\n8. Could succeed well in chronology. \n\n9. Is remarkable about remembering the lapse of time and \ncan distinguish discord in music very quick : is always punctu* \nal to the time by intuition. \n\nLocation. Above the organ of order under the center of the \ntemporal spine or external angular process. Discovered by \nSpurzeheim. \n\nXXXIV.\xe2\x80\x94 TUNE. \n\nSense of melody : fondness for music and musical harmony. \n\n1. Singing done by proxy. \n\n2. Is hardly able to distinguish one note from another. \n\n3. Takes but little interest in singing. \n\n4. Likes to hear music but cannot perform it well. \n\n5. Learns music but it comes hard. \n\n6. Has something of a perception of tones, but is not an ex- \ntraordinary player. \n\n7. Would succeed well with practice enough. \n\n8. Learns music easily and is very fond of it. \n\n\n\nM \n\n\n\n9. Is literally enchanted with good music and detests dig- \ncord, and has the faculty to excel in music. \n\nLocation. Over the organs of order and number at the tem- \nporal ridge of the frontal bone. Discovered by GalL \n\n\n\nXXXV\xe2\x80\x94 LANGUAGE, \n\nSense of and memory for arbitrary signs and words , \nof expression in the communication of ideas. \n\n1. \n2. \n3. \n\n4. \n\ntell. \n\n5. \n\nC. \n\n\n\nvolubility \n\n\n\nCannot express ideas without extreme difficult} . \nHas but few words and hard work to apply even them. \nCan communicate thoughts, but not well ; far from it. \nWould never make a speaker : knows more than he can \n\n\n\nHas good common language, but few words. \nCan generally tell what he knows, but is not refined in \nexpression. \n\n7. Has about as many words as ideas, but would not succeed \nas a linguist. \n\n8. Has great volubility of expression, and is a great talker : \nlikes to hear good language. \n\n9. Would excel as a linguist ; has great copiousness of \nexpression : is particular in speech. This organ i& large in \n\n\n\n\nJ. C. CALHOUN. T. BENTON. J. K. FOLK. \n\nLocation. In the anterior inferior convolutions of the cere" \nbrum over the super-orbital plate, it presses the eye outward \nand downward. Discovered by Gall. \n\n\n\nS5 \n\n\n\n\nGENUS III.\xe2\x80\x94 REFLECTING FACULTIES. \n\n\n\nThese faculties are employed in contemplating, methodizing, \nand systematizing the ideas furnished through the medium of \nother faculties : and in deducing conclusions from them. A \ngood development of these organs or faculties make the man of \njudgment, the sound reasoner, and the able philosopher. These \nare marked in a wonderful degree in the head of Franklin, \nwhen contrasted with the Idiot. \n\n\n\n\n\nTHE IDIOT, \n\n\n\nFRANKLJX, \n\n\n\n3<J \n\nD.\xe2\x80\x94 HUMAN NATURE. \n\nDisposition and faculty to study human nature, and to arrive at \nthe motives and characters of men. \n\n1. Is much wanting in this faculty. \n\n2. Has little or no desire to study human nature. \n\n3. Is much troubled to arrive |Mhe characters of men. \n\n4. Has but a limited talent for judging of the motives of \nmen\'s actions : is liable to be deceived or imposed upon. \n\n5. Has but little desire to study the dispositions of mankind \n\n6. Has a fair knowledge of human nature, and might sue \nceed in the study by very close application. \n\n7. Can perceive the motives and characters of men as well \n-as the majority of persons, and is somewhat of a physiologist. \n\n8. Is very suspicious, and would not be likely to be de \nceived : is fond of, and would do well in, the study of humatf \nnature. \n\n9. Is remarkable for perceiving the motives which prompt \nmen to action, cannot easily be deceived : might excel in study- \ning the characters of mankind. \n\nLocation. Between Comparison, Causality and Imitation. \xe2\x80\x94 \nSuggested by L. N. Fowler. \n\nThis organ is not established ; but from\' many observations \nwe are inclined to admit its existence and location as suggested \nby Mr. F. \n\nXXXVL\xe2\x80\x94 CAUSALITY. \n\nDisposition and faculty to trace effects to iJieir causes ; sense of \nCausation. \n\n1. Can not reason from cause to effect. \n\n2. Mind is weak, and cannot think to advantage. \n\n3. Can not trace effects to their causes : is quite deficient \nin logical reason. \n\n4. Poor judgment ; deficient in originality .- \n\n5. Is not a good calculator, intellect rather obtuse. \n\n6. Has a desire to know causes, but generally gets them \nfrom others. \n\n7. Has good common sense, and believes there is a cause \ntw every thing ; is middling inquisitive. \n\n\n\n8. Has an active desire to ascertain causes ; wants every- \nthing explained ; and desires the why and wherefore. \n\n9, Is fond of metaphysics, and has a deep penetrating mind, \nis original, and always in study, and has an over anxious de- \nsire for knowledge ; is a natural philosopher, and has great \nprofundity of thought. \n\nLocation. Between Mirthfulness and Comparison. Dis- \ncovered by GalL \n\nXXXVIL\xe2\x80\x94 COMPARISON. \n\nAnalogical reason ; critical acumen : poicers of contrasting and \n\n\n\nillustrating. \n\n\n\nLarge in \n\n\n\n\nHENRY CLAY \n\n\n\n\nure:t. \n\n\n\n1 . Idiotic in \n\n2. * Possesses no discriminative power. \n\n3. Cannot draw proper distinctions in argument, analyze, \nnor criticise. \n\n4. May observe obvious distinctions, but overlooks others. \n\n5. Perceives striking analogies, but does not abound in simi- \nles or figures of speech. \n\n6. Illustrates and discriminates tolerable well. \n\n7. Observes analogies and classifies thoughts and phenom- \nena well. \n\n8. Has a happy talent for criticising and illustrating : points \nout resemblances, and is fond of apt comparisons. \n\n9. Reasons almost entirely by analogy, is a great critic, \nand has wonderful powers of analysis ; is quick in detecting the \nknown from the unknown, and would make a severe opponent. \n\nLocation. In the middle of the superior part of the fore- \nhead. Discovered by Gall, \n\n\n\n"\xe2\x96\xa0nHNliiiu \n\n027 324 962 A \n\n\n\nNATURAL LAWS. \n\nThis person, according to the Natural Laws, should marry \none of a Temperament. \n\n9 \n\n* \xe2\x80\xa2 \n\n\n\nTESTIMONIALS. \n\n11 It may be stated briefly that, the purpose of the Science of \nPhrenology is to give to man a knowledge of himself; and to \npoint out the true method of studying the mind, and of direct- \ning and applying its energies to proper uses.\'\' " Phrenology \nis a study which tends eminently to virtue, in particular it \nteaches toleration and mutual forbearance. 57 \xe2\x80\x94 Macnish. \n\nSpurzeheim being asked " what peculiar effect his system \n(of Phrenology) had upon his ow r n mind, he said, that without \nit he should have been a misanthrope ; that the knowledge of \nhuman nature had taught him to love, respect, and pity his fel- \nlow beings.\'* \n\n" I speak literally, and in sincerity, when I say, that were I \nat this moment offered the wealth of India, on condition of \nPhrenology being blotted from my mind forever, I would scorn \nthe gift ; nay, were every thing I possessed in the world placed \nin one hand, and Phrenology in the other, and orders used for \nme to choose one, Phrenology, without a moment\'s hesitation,, \nwould be preferred." \xe2\x80\x94 Coinbe. \n\n\n\n'