9na copy; 

1898. 




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

Chap. Copyright No.._/_\_<~_v 

SheULiii.8 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



SELECTIONS 



FROM THE 



Correspondence of Cicero 



EDITED FOR SIGHT READING 

BY 

J. C. KIRTLAND, JR. 

PHILLIPS EXETER ACADEMY 



K~ 



NEW YORK •:• CINCINNATI •:• CHICAGO 

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY 






23458 

Copyright, 1898, by 
J. C. KIRTLAND, JR. 

COR. OF CICERO. 
W. P. I 

TWO COPIES RECEIVED, 







PREFACE. 

The necessity of constant practice in the sight trans- 
lation of Latin and in rapid reading without translation 
is not yet realized by the greater number of teachers. 
If the study of the Latin language is to have more 
than a disciplinary value, it must lead to the ability to 
read Roman literature with understanding and aesthetic 
appreciation ; and this ability is possible only to the stu- 
dent who has been emancipated from slavery to gram- 
mar and lexicon, — and perhaps we should add, the 
'literal translation.' The exercises in rapid reading 
should be begun as soon as the regular forms and some 
little elementary syntax have been mastered, and should 
be from the first so frequent as to influence the method 
of preparation of the more formal lessons. Rapid read- 
ing postulates observance of the Latin order, and the 
student who is led to follow the Latin order cannot but 
come sooner or later to know the language. No form 
of recitation is so apparently easy and vain and yet so 
potentially difficult and profitable as the reading of large 
amounts of Latin aloud and without translation. The 
measure of success of this method depends almost en- 
tirely upon the teacher, as does indeed the success of 
all methods of teaching; but much of Roman literature 
made its appeal in the first instance to the ear rather 
than the eye, and many a difficult passage may be made 
clear by a careful pronouncing of it. 

The material for the exercises in rapid reading should 
be carefully chosen. The subject matter should be so 

3 



4 PREFACE. 

interesting as to tempt the reader on, the language 
should oppose a minimum of hindrance, and the style 
should heighten the allurement of the theme by its 
perspicuity and vivacity. Nothing in Roman literature 
meets these requirements so nearly as do many of the 
letters of Cicero. Almost all were intended for the 
eye of the correspondent alone, and not for publica- 
tion, and were accordingly, for the most part, genuine 
in sentiment and easy in diction. They are one of our 
chief sources for the history of the final years of the 
Republic, and put us on intimate terms with the men 
of that momentous time. We owe it to them that we 
know Cicero himself from all points of view better than 
any other man of ancient Rome. More important, how- 
ever, than their historical and autobiographical value is 
the familiar account they give us of Roman character 
and of Roman life. 

It is believed that with the help given in the foot- 
notes the letters of the present selection will not prove 
difficult to students who have begun the reading of 
Cicero, and that they will be found to have sufficient 
interest to justify their use as late as the first years of 
the college course. The text is based in the main on 
the recensions of Mendelssohn, Wesenberg, and O. E. 
Schmidt. 

It remains for me to acknowledge the generous assist- 
ance rendered by Prof. A. P. Hall of Drury College, 
Mr. G. B. Rogers of the Phillips Exeter Academy, and 
Mr. Glanville Terrell of Harvard College in the reading 

° f Pr °° f - J. C. KIRTLAND, JR. 

Exeter, N.H. 



CONTENTS. 



Introduction 

I. Writing materials . 
Ancient paper 
The transmission of letters 
The form of the letter . 
The collections of Cicero's letters 
Publication of the letters 
Atticus 



8. Style of the letters . 

Text and Commentary . 

I. Roman politics {Att. I. I. I, 2) 

II. Cicero and Catiline {Att. I. 2) 

III. An angry friend {Fam. 5. 1) 

IV. Wounded pride {Fam. 5. 7) 
V. Cicero slighted by a consul {Att. 1. 13. I, 2) 

VI. A lost letter {Att. 2. 8) . 

VII. Cicero longs for news of Rome (from Att. 2. 1 

VIII. Pompey and Caesar unpopular {Att. 2. 19. 3) 

IX. A letter dictated as Cicero walked {Att. 2. 23. 1) 

X. Cicero the politician (from Att. 2. 25. 1) 

XI. A runaway slave (from Quint. Frat. 1. 2. 14) 

XII. The exile to his friend {Att. 3. 5) . 

XIII. The exile to his family {Fam. 14. 4) 

XIV. The exile to his brother {Quint. Frat. I. 3. 1-6) 
XV. A suppressed oration {Att. 3. 12. 2) 

XVI. Cicero's return from exile (from Att. 4. I. 4, 5) 

XVII. A welcome to Atticus {Att. 4. 4a) . 

XVIII. Wanted, a panegyrist {Fam. 5. 12) . 

XIX. A purchase of statues {Fam. 7. 23. 1-3) 

5 



PACE 

7 
8 
8 

9 
10 
11 
12 
13 

5- io 3 

18 

19 
20 
21 
24 

25 
26 
28 
28 
28 
29 
30 
33 
37 
37 
39 
39 
46 



CONTENTS. 



XX. The dedication of Pompey's theater (.Fam. 7. i) 

XXI. A letter of recommendation (Fam. 7. 5). 

XXII. Cicero quotes from Ennius (Fam. 7. 6) . 

XXIII. No gold or silver in Britain (Fam. 7. 7) . 

XXIV. Cicero banters Trebatius {Fain. 7. 16. 2, 3) 
XXV. Trebatius an indifferent soldier (Fam. 7. 10. I, 2) 

XXVI. The true nobility is that of worth (Fam. 3. 7. 5) 

XXVII. Hunting panthers for a curule aedile (Fam. 2. 11) 

XXVIII. Cicero and his secretary (Fam. 16. I ) 

XXIX. Cicero as an epicure (Fam. 9. 20) . 

XXX. The pardon of Marcellus (from Fam. 4. 4) 

XXXI. A pilfering librarian (Fam. 13. 77. 3) 

XXXII. A family pedigree (Fam. 9. 21) 

XXXIII. Cicero grieves for Tullia (from Att. 12. 15) 

XXXIV. A monument to Tullia (Att. 12. 18. 1) . 
XXXV. A letter of condolence (Fam. 4. 5) 

XXXVI. The vote of Dec. 5, 63 B.C. (Att. 12. 21. 1) 

XXXVII. Domestic worries (Att. 12. 32) 

XXXVIII. Reply to the letter of condolence (Fam. 4. 6) 

XXXIX. The murder of Marcellus (Fam. 4. 12) . 

XL. Dedication of the Academica (Fam. 9. 8. 1) 

XLI. The singer Tigellius (Fam. 7. 24) . 

XLII. Cicero in favor with Caesar (Fam. 5. 10b) 

XLIII. The speech for Deiotarus (Fam. 9. 12) „ 

XLIV. Consul for half a day (Fam. 7. 30. 1) 

XLV. Cicero intercedes for a pirate (Fam. 5. 10a) 

XLVI. A dearth of wit at Rome (Fam. 7. 31) . 

XLVII. The Ides of March (Fam. 6. 15) . 

XLVIII. A student at Athens (Famvii. 16. I, 2) 

XLIX. A point of law (Fam. 7. 22) . 

L. Brutus and Cassius defy Antony (Fam. 11. 3) 

LI. A faithful friend (Fam. 11. 28) 

LII. Tiro turns farmer (from Fam. 16. 21. 7) . 

LIII. The company makes the dinner (Fam. 9. 24. 2, 3) 

LIV. The battle at Forum Gallorum (Fam. 10. 30) . 



52 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
61 
62 
64 
66 
67 
69 
69 
70 

74 
76 

77 
80 
82 
84 

85 
86 

87 
88 
90 
9i 
9i 
92 

93 
95 
98 
99 
100 



INTRODUCTION. 

I. Writing materials. — In early times the Romans 
used for their letters thin tablets of wood or ivory 
(tabcllac) smeared with wax (cera), through which they 
scratched (exarare) the characters with the stilus. This 
was of metal or ivory, sharpened at one end for writ- 
ing, and having the other end rounded for erasure 
(vert ere still tin). The tablets were surrounded by a 
raised rim, like that of the modern schoolboy's slate, 
which served to keep the waxed surfaces apart when 
two or more tablets were fastened together. To secure 
the letter from molestation, the tabcllac were tied to- 
gether by means of a thread (linum) passing through 
holes in the center, and the knot was sealed with wax 
and pressed with the signet ring (ami It is). Inasmuch 
as letters were often dictated to an amanuensis, this seal 
(signum) was the proof of genuineness, and the thread 
was therefore cut that the seal might be kept intact 
(see Cic. in Cat. 3. 5. 10, where the image of a distin- 
guished ancestor is used as the seal). Cicero himself 
preferred to write to his intimates with his own hand, 
but was often forced by circumstances to resort to dicta- 
tion (IX.*). In Att. 6. 6. 4 Cicero boasts of his forgery 
of a letter, which he dictated to a secretary of the sup- 
posed writer to insure belief in its genuineness. 

* The Roman numerals refer to letters of this selection. 
7 



8 INTRODUCTION. 

2. Ancient paper. —We know that many of Cicero's 
letters were written on the tablets described above, but 
for the longer letters paper {charta) made from the 
papyrus plant was used. Pliny the Elder is our chief 
authority for the manufacture of the cJiartae. The pith 
of the reed was cut into thin strips ; these were laid 
side by side, and covered transversely with a similar 
layer. They were then wet with water, and perhaps 
with paste, pressed or hammered into a single sheet, 
and made smooth by polishing. The size of the charta 
depended upon the distance between successive joints 
of the papyrus reed. For writing on this substance, a 
pen (calamus) of reed, very like the quill pen of modern 
times, was used. The ink (atramentum) was made of 
soot and gum, or from the juice of the cuttle-fish, and 
was thick like the ink of the Chinese. It could be 
removed with a sponge (spongia), and the charta thus 
cleaned was called a palimpsestus. In Fam. 7. 18. 2 
Cicero asks Trebatius what writing could have been so 
worthless as to be replaced by the latter' s letter. 

3. The transmission of letters. — There was no gov- 
ernment post in the time of Cicero, and the letter writer 
had to depend for the delivery of his letters upon mes- 
sengers {tabellarii) in his service or in the service of a 
friend, the messengers of the farmers of taxes {publi- 
cum), the orderlies {statores) of the officials of the prov- 
inces, or the kindness of those who happened to be 
going in the right direction. The messengers covered 
from thirty-five to forty-five miles a day on land, and 
by sea, from five to seven knots an hour. In Fam. 14. 



INTRODUCTION. 9 

5. I we are told of a letter which was brought from 
Rome to Athens {sane strenue) in twenty-one days, 
while in Fam. 16. 21. 1 the tabellarii are said to have 
taken forty-six days for the same journey. The person 
into whose hands the letter was given was frequently 
not trustworthy, and when important, it was sometimes 
sent in duplicate by different messengers (iino or eodem 
exempld). In VI. we find mention of the loss of a 
letter on the road. In view of the fact that letters 
might be tampered with (V. 8-1 1), the meaning was 
often disguised, where the subject was a delicate one, 
by the use of covert language. 

4. The form of the letter. — A Pompeian wall paint- 
ing represents a sealed letter addressed M. Lucretio 
Flamini Martis Decurioni Pompcis, and in Att. 8. 5. 2 
Cicero gives the direction of a package as simply M\ 
Curio. The Roman letter had date and place of writing 
at the end, and in this order. The name of the place 
stood in either the ablative or the locative (XII., XIII., 
XXVIII., XXXIX., XLIL, L., LIV.). It will be 
noticed that both date and place are generally omitted, 
and that the date is sometimes given without the place. 
The reason for the invariable omission of the date in 
the case of letters of introduction is obvious. The sig- 
nature was not subscribed as with us, but the name of 
the writer stood at the besrinninsf of the letter in the 
nominative, with the name of the person addressed in 
the dative, as subject and object respectively of the 
phrase of salutation, salutetn dicit (S.D.). This was 
sometimes amplified to salutcm plurimam dicit (S. P. D.), 



IO INTRODUCTION. 

sometimes shortened to salutem {Sal. or S.), and some- 
times omitted altogether. The formality of the greet- 
ing varied with the intimacy of the correspondents. 
We find the praenomen alone (XIV.), cognomen alone 
(XXL), praenomen and cognomen, praenomen and nomen 
(XXXVIII.), and all three (IV.). A very formal greet- 
ing contained, as in the last example, the full names of 
both persons with their titles, if they held office, and the 
praenomina of their fathers, sometimes of their grand- 
fathers also. In correspondence with members of his 
own household, Cicero used less regular forms (XIIL, 
XXVIII. ). The greeting was sometimes followed by 
stereotyped expressions of interest in the health and wel- 
fare of the person addressed (III., IV., XLV., XLVIIL, 
L.). There was greater variety in the forms of affec- 
tionate or considerate farewell ; cf. Cura ut valeas 
(XII.), Cura tit valeas et me, ut amas, ama (XXL), 
Vale (XXXV.). 

5. The collections of Cicero's letters. — Of the letters 
of Cicero's correspondence there have come down to 
us nearly nine hundred in all, of which about four hun- 
dred are Epistulae ad Atticum, a somewhat larger num- 
ber Epistulae ad Familiares so called, and the remainder 
ad Quintum Fratrem and ad Brutum. The greater col- 
lections are divided into sixteen books each, the Epist. 
ad Quint. Frat. into three, and the Epist. ad Brut, into 
two. Nearly one hundred of the letters are from other 
than Cicero's hand; among the writers are Cato, D. 
Brutus, M. Brutus, Cassius, Pompey, Caesar, Asinius 
Pollio, Lepidus, and other famous men of the time. 



INTRODUCTION. II 

The earliest of the extant letters is Att. I. 5, written 
in B.c. 68, in Cicero's thirty-ninth year, and the latest 
Fam. io. 24, dated July 28th of the last year of his life. 
There are no letters for the eventful year of Cicero's 
consulship. The letters to Atticus are arranged chrono- 
logically, but not without mistakes in order; those of 
the collection ad Fam., roughly by correspondents. 

6. Publication of the letters. — No edition of the let- 
ters could have been published in Cicero's lifetime ; we 
have the promise of an edition in Att. 16. 5. 5, but this 
could not well have appeared before his death, a year 
and a half later. He does not seem to have looked 
upon its publication as important, and it is not likely 
that he gave much thought to the project at this trou- 
blous time. In Fam. 16. 17. 1 we have an earlier ref- 
erence to the possibility of the publication of his 
correspondence, addressed to him w r ho was destined 
to be its editor. This was Tiro, his freedman, secre- 
tary, and friend. The editorship of the Epist. ad Att. 
is, however, disputed, many scholars holding that the 
collection must have been made by Atticus. The chief 
support of this view is derived from the fact that no 
letters from Atticus appear in the collection (as none 
from Tiro appear in the Epist. ad Earn.), although his 
letters were preserved by Cicero, as we learn from Att. 
9. 10. 4. We know, moreover, that Atticus was one of 
Cicero's publishers. The title ad Earn, does not occur 
in any mention of the letters in antiquity, and is inexact, 
since many letters to Cicero are included in the collec- 
tion, and many of the correspondents were not famili- 



12 INTRODUCTION. 

ares. Another modern title, ad Diversos, is not Latin. 
This collection seems to have been known to the an- 
cients as simply Epistularum Libri Sedecim, and the 
individual books bore the names of those to whom the 
first letters in each were addressed (I., ad Lentulum ; 
II., ad Curionem ; VIII., M. Caeli Epistnlae ad M. Tul- 
lium Ciceroneni). We have in Nepos' life of Atticus 
(16. 3) a reference to the Epist. ad Att., and the proba- 
ble reading points to the collection of sixteen books as 
it has come down to us ; but of the other letters known 
to the ancients half seem to have been lost. Among 
them were three books ad Caesarem and four ad Pom- 
peinm. The extant collection ad Fain, is supposed to 
be an early and incomplete edition. 

7. Atticus. — That the Epist. ad Att. are more valua- 
ble than the Epist. ad Fam. is due not more to the con- 
tinuity and regularity of the correspondence than to the 
intimacy existing between Atticus and Cicero, and the 
consequent frankness of the latter in writing of political 
matters. T. Pomponius Atticus was well-born, cultured, 
and in possession of a fortune which enabled him to 
speculate in business enterprises of a novel sort, as well 
as in recognized ways, while preserving his position as 
gentleman of leisure and patron of literature. He held 
himself steadfastly aloof from political life, living abroad 
a great part of the time, and managed to keep the favor 
of the prominent men of all factions. He had great 
business sagacity, and acted frequently in matters of 
business as Cicero's agent. Cicero deferred to his judg- 
ment in literary matters also, 



INTRODUCTION. 1 3 

8. Style of the letters. — Some of the letters were 
expected by the writer to become public property, and 
were formal in tone and studied in diction ; but the 
great mass have the charm of spontaneity and are 
written in the language of conversation, the sermo fa- 
miliaris or cottidianus (XXXI I.). Among the chief 
stylistic peculiarities of the letters are : (a) the fre- 
quent use of Greek words and phrases, especially as 
technical terms or to make the letter unintelligible to 
those who might tamper with it, but also in some 
measure, perhaps, an affectation, although it should be 
noted that most of the Greek occurs in letters to Atti- 
cus, who sic Graece loqucbatur ut Athcnis natus videre- 
///r( Nep. Att. 4. 1); (b) the prevalence and variety of 
diminutive formations ; (c) the freedom of composition 
with per and sub. (d) Here should be mentioned, too, 
the epistolary tenses. The Roman letter writer trans- 
ferred himself to the time of receipt or of reading of 
his letter, and used the imperfect to describe that which 
was happening at the time of writing, the pluperfect to 
describe that which had happened previous to the time 
of writing (cf. prefect i sumus, pete bavins, XIII. 18, 19; 
put ares, XXVII. 1 ; spcrabam, audicbam, XXXVIII. 
45, 46). 



SELECTIONS FROM THE CORRESPONDENCE 
OF CICERO. 



I. ROMAN POLITICS (Att. i. i. i, 2). 

Cicero Attico Sal. 

Petitionis nostrae, quam tibi summae curae esse scio, 
huius modi ratio est, quod adhuc coniectura provider! 
possit. Prensat Onus P. Galba ; sine fuco ac fallaciis 
more maiorum negatur. Ut opinio est hominum, non 
aliena rationl nostrae fuit illlus haec praepropera- pren- 
satio. Nam ill! ita negant vulgo ut mihi se debere 
dlcant. Ita quiddam spero nobis profici, cum hoc per- 
crebrescit, plurimos nostros amlcos invenhi. Nos autem 
initium prensandl facere cogitaramus eo ipso tempore 



I. Written in July, 65 B.C. Cicero 
had been praetor the previous year. 
The year following the tenure of 
the praetorship was usually spent 
either as governor of a province 
(propraetor) or in seeking political 
support that would justify candidacy 
for the consulship. Atticus had now 
been living in Athens for more than 
twenty years. I. Petitionis, candi- 
dature, sc. for the consulship of 63 
B.C. 2. ratio, condition, prospects. 
— quod . . . possit, restrictive, so 
far as. 3. Prensat, is making an 
active canvass ; notice the effect of 



the position of Petitionis nostrae 
(1), Prensat, and Nos (8). — sine 
fuco ac fallaciis more maiorum, 
in the good old-fashioned way, with- 
out dissimulation and deceit. 5. ra- 
tioni, advantage, interest. — prae- 
propera, precipitate. 6. ita . . . 
ut . . . dicant, with the explana- 
tion that. 7. profici, = prodesse. 
— percrebrescit, is spread abroad. 
9. cogitaramus, dicebat, epistolary 
tenses. — tempore : the election of 
tribunes, the first election of the 
year, called together a large con- 
course of citizens; the active can- 



: 5 



i6 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



io quo tuum puerum cum his litteris proficisci Clncius dice- 
bat, in campo comitils tribunlciis a. d. xvi. Kalend. Sex- 
tills. CompetIt5res qui certl esse videantur Galba et 
Antonius et Q. Cornificius. Puto te in hoc aut rlsisse 
aut ingemuisse ; ut frontem ferias, sunt qui etiam Cae- 

15 sonium putent. Aqullium non arbitramur, qui denegat 
et iuravit morbum et illud suum regnum iudiciale op- 
posuit. Catillna, si iudicatum erit merldie non lucere, 
certus erit competitor. De Aufidio et de Pallcano non 
puto te exspectare dum scrlbam. De ils qui nunc 

20 petunt, Caesar certus putatur. Thermus cum Silan5 
contendere exlstimatur, qui sic inopes et ab amlcls et 
ab exlstimatione sunt ut mihi videatur non esse aSvvarov 
Curium obducere, sed hoc praeter me neminl videtur. 
Nostrls rationibus maxime conducere videtur Thermum 

25 fieri cum Caesare. Nemo est enim ex ils qui nunc 
petunt qui, si in nostrum annum reciderit, flrmior can- 



vass commonly began at this time, 
but the formal announcement of can- 
didacy (professio), corresponding to 
nomination with us, was not made 
until seventeen days before the 
election. 10. puerum, slave, man. 
12. certi: of those named in this 
letter, these three and Catiline ran. 
Cicero and Antonius were elected. 

16. iuravit morbum, has sworn 
that he is too ill. — regnum iudi- 
ciale : Aquilius was a famous jurist. 

17. Catilina : he was under accusa- 
tion of malversation in office, and 
was consequently not eligible; that 
Cicero believed him guilty is clear 
from si . . . lucere. 19. nunc pe- 



tunt, i.e. as candidates for the con- 
sulship of 64 B.C. 20. Caesar, L. 
Julius Caesar, who voted in 63 B.C. 
for the execution of his brother-in- 
law Lentulus and the other Catilina- 
rian conspirators. His colleague in 
the consulship was, as appears from 
the next letter, one C. Marcius Figu- 
lus, but this is commonly supposed 
to have been the name assumed by 
Thermus on adoption into the Mar- 
cian gens. — Silano : Silanus was 
consul in 62 B.C., and as consul elect 
moved Dec. 5th, 63 B.C., the execu- 
tion of the conspirators. 21. ab, in 
respect to. 22. dSviva-rov, impossible. 
26. candidatus: the candidate for 



ROMAN POLITICS. 



17 



didatus fore videatur, propterea quod curator est viae 
Flaminiae, quae turn erit absoliita sane facile. Euro 
libenter mine Caesari consulem addiderim. Petitorum 
haee est adhuc informata eogitatio. Nos in omni 3° 
munere candidatorio fungendo summam adhibebimus 
dlligentiam et fortasse, quoniam videtur in suffragils 
multum posse Gallia, cum Romae a iudiciis forum re- 
frlxerit, excurremus mense SeptembrI legatl ad Plsonem, 
ut Ianuario revertamur. Cum perspexero voluntatis 35 
nobilium, scribam ad te. Cetera spero prolixa esse, his 
dumtaxat urbanls competitoribus. Illam manum tu 
mihi ciira ut praestes, quoniam propius abes, Pompel, 
nostii amicT. Nega me el Iratum fore, si ad mea 
comitia non venerit. 40 



public office was so called because 
custom required that he should wear 
a new toga or one newly whitened 
(toga Candida). 27. curator, super- 
intendent. — viae Flaminiae, the 
great northern road, took its name 
from the C. Flaminius who com- 
manded the Romans in the disas- 
trous battle of Lake Trasumennus; 
it terminated at Ariminum on the 
upper Adriatic. 2S. sane, very. 
30. informata cogitatio, the opinion 
that I have formed, or my general 
impression. 23- Gallia, sc. Cispa- 
dana ; Caesar finally secured the 
right of suffrage to the rest of Cis- 
alpine Gaul in 49 B.C. — refrix- 
erit, refrigeseo, frigus. The last 
four months of the year were given 
up almost altogether to the celebra- 
tion of various festivals, and the 
COR. OF CIC — 2 



courts of law had a long vacation 
at that time. 34. legati : Cicero 
had in mind a libera lega/io, by vir- 
tue of which a senator might travel 
in the provinces with all the privi- 
leges and perquisites of an ambassa- 
dor, but without public responsibility. 
— Pisonem, C. Calpurnius Piso, at 
this time governor of Narbonese 
Gaul. 36. nobilium: these in their 
fear of Catiline and the revolution- 
ists cast their votes and influence 
for Cicero. — prolixa, favorable. 
37. dumtaxat, at least. — urba- 
nis, civilians. — manum, the staff 
of Pompey, who was now conduct- 
ing the campaign against Mithri- 
dates in accordance with the pro- 
visions of the Manilian Law of 66 
B.C. 38. propius abes, i.e. a Pom- 
peio. 



18 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



II. CICERO AND CATILINE (Att. i. 2). 
Cicero Attico Sal. 

L. Iulio Caesare C. Marcio Figul5 consulibus flliolo 
me auctum sclto salva Terentia. Abs te tarn diu nihil 
litterarum ! Ego de mels ad te rationibus scrips! antea 
dlligenter. Hoc tempore Catilinam, competitorem no- 

s strum, defendere cogitamus. Indices habemus quos 
voluimus, summa accusatoris voluntate. Spero, si ab- 
solutus erit, coniunctiorem ilium nobis fore in ratione 
petitionis ; sin aliter accident, humaniter feremus. Tuo 
adventu nobis opus est maturd. Nam prorsus summa 

10 hominum est opinio tuos familiarls, nobills homines, 
adversarids honor! nostro fore. Ad eorum voluntatem 
mihi conciliandam maximo te mihi usul fore video. Qua 
re Ianuarid mense, ut constituistl, cura ut Romae sis. 



II. 1. consulibus, sc. designaiis. 
The child appears to have been born 
on the day of the election of con- 
suls for 64 B.C., and the abl. abs. not 
only indicates the date of the domes- 
tic event, but makes known to Atti- 
cus the result of the election also. 
— filiolo me auctum, / was blessed 
in the birth of a little son. 3. antea, 
in the preceding letter. 5. COgita- 
mus : it is not known for certain 
whether Cicero defended Catiline, 
but that he should have contem- 
plated it after expressing so strongly 
his belief in Catiline's guilt seems a 
little strange. We must remember, 
however, that impeachment was in 
large measure a matter of politics. 



Cicero appears in this letter as still 
coquetting with the popular party. 
Even more surprising is the shame- 
less avowal of his willingness to profit 
by the collusion of jury and prosecu- 
tor. 6. accusatoris, Clodius, later 
a leader of the popular party. He 
it was who carried the bill banish- 
ing Cicero, and Cicero defended his 
murderer, T. Annius Milo, in the 
speech that has come down to us in 
an elaborated version {pro Milone). 
7. in ratione petitionis, in the con- 
duct of the canvass. 8. humaniter, 
as befits a man, i.e. with equanim- 
ity. 9. prorsus, intensifies summa. 
n. honori, election. 13. Romae 
sis : Atticus seems to have com- 



AN ANGRY FRIEND. 



19 



III. AN ANGRY FRIEND (Fain. 5. 1). 

Q. Metellus Q. F. Celer Piocos. S. D. M. Tullio Ciceroni. 

Si vales, bene est. Exlstimaram pro mutuo inter nos 
animo et pro reconciliata gratia nee abscntem ludibrio 
laesum In nee Metellum fratrem ob dictum capite ac 
fortunls per te oppugnatum Irl. Quern si parum pudor 
ipslus defendebat, debebat vel familiae nostrae dlgnitas 5 
vel meum studium erga vos remque publicam satis sub- 
levare. Nunc video ilium circumventum, me desertum 
a quibus minime conveniebat. Itaque in luctu et squa- 
lore sum, qui provinciae, qui exercitul praesum, qui 
bellum gero. Quae quoniam nee ratione nee maiorum 10 
nostrorum dementia administrastis, non erit mlrandum 



plied, and to have remained at 
Rome for three years, for there are 
extant no letters ad Att. dating from 
the time of this one to the Kalends 
of January, 61 B.C. 

III. Written in January, 62 B.C. 
Q. Metellus Celer was praetor 63 
B.C. and rendered valuable assist- 
ance in the suppression of the con- 
spiracy of Catiline. When Cicero 
relinquished Macedonia to Antonius, 
it became necessary that one of the 
praetors should be given a consular 
province, and Cicero seems to have 
contrived that this province, Cisal- 
pine Gaul, should fall to Metellus. 
The brother of Metellus Celer, Q. 
Metellus Nepos, in his capacity of 
tribune had forbidden Cicero to 
make a farewell address to the 
people on laying down the consul- 



ship, on the ground that he had 
put citizens to death unheard, and 
had continued to attack him. Cicero 
finally replied in a sarcastic speech, 
which is not extant, and it is to this 
speech that our letter refers. Q. F. 
(greeting), Quinti filius. Procos. 
(greeting) : Metellus, although he 
had not yet held the consulship, 
was administering a consular prov- 
ince, i.e. a province in which a 
military force was stationed. 2. ab- 
sentem, sc. me. 3. capite, civil 
rights. 6. VOS, yon and your politi- 
cal friends ; notice the changes of 
number. 8. squalore, a sign of 
mourning, but the word is not here 
to be understood literally. Mourn- 
ing was worn among the Romans 
by those whom disgrace threatened. 
10. ratione, in a reasonable way. 



20 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



si vos paenitebit. Te tarn mobill in me meosque esse 
animo non sperabam. Me interea nee domesticus dolor 
nee cuiusquam iniuria ab re publica abducet. 



IV. WOUNDED PRIDE {Fain. 5. 7). 

M. Tullius M. F. Cicero S. D. Cn. Pompeio Cn. F. Magno 
Imperatori. 

S. T. E. Q. V. B. E. Ex littens tuis, quas publice 
mlsistl, cepi una cum omnibus incredibilem voluptatem. 
Tantam enim spem otl ostendistl quantam ego semper 
omnibus te uno fretus pollicebar. Sed hoc scit5, tuos 

5 veteres hostls, novos amicos vehementer litterls per- 
culsos atque ex magna spe deturbatos iacere. Ad me 
autem litteras quas mlsistl, quamquam exiguam signifi- 
cationem tuae erga me voluntatis habebant, tamen mihi 
scltd iucundas fuisse. Nulla enim re tarn laetarl soleo 

10 quam meorum offici5rum conscientia, quibus si quando 
non mutue respondetur, apud me plus officl residere 
facillime patior. Illud non dubito, quln, si te mea 
summa erga te studia parum mihi adiunxerint, res pu- 



13. sperabam, apprehend. — inte- 
rea, adversative, but without the 
loss of temporal force. 

IV. Probably written in April, 
62 B.C. Pompey had brought the 
Mithridatic War to a successful con- 
clusion, but was still in the East. 
Cicero had written to him a full 
account of the events of 63 B.C., and 
was disappointed and chagrined by 
what he considered the lack of ap- 
preciation of his services shown in 



Pompey's reply. 1. S. T. E. Q. V. 
B. E., si tu exercitusque valetis, bene 
est. — publice, officially ; these dis- 
patches were addressed to the mag- 
istrates and senate. 3. oti, peace. 

— semper, e.g. in the Or alio de 
Imperio Cn. Pompei. 6. deturba- 
tos, cast down. 11. non mutue 
respondetur, no return is made. 

— plus, the balance. 13. studia: 
the use of the plu. implies that 
Cicero had manifested his zeal in 



CICERO SLIGHTED BY A CONSUL. 21 

blica nos inter nos conciliatura coniuncturaque sit. Ac 
ne Ignores quid ego in tuls litteiis deslderarim, scrlbam 15 
aperte, slcut et men natura et nostra amlcitia postulat. 

Res eas gessi quarum aliquam in tins litteris et nostrae 
necessitudinis et rel piiblicae causa gratulationem ex- 
spectavi, quam ego abs te praetermissam esse arbitror 
quod verebare ne cuius animum offenderes. Sed scito 20 
ea quae nos pro salute patriae gessimus orbis terrae 
iudicio ac testimonio comprobarl, quae, cum veneris, 
tanto consilio tantaque anim! magnitudine a me gesta 
esse c5gnosces ut tibi, multo maior! quam Africanus 
fuit, me, non multo minorem quam Laelium, facile et in 25 
re publica et in amlcitia adiunctum esse patiare. 

V. CICERO SLIGHTED BY A CONSUL 
(Att. 1. 13. 1, 2). 

Cicero Attico Sal. 

Accepi tuas trls iam epistulas : unam a M. Corne- 
lio, quam Tribus Tabernls, ut oplnor, el dedisti; alte- 

Pompey's interest on more than one spirators had been little to the liking 

occasion. — res publica, our pa- of the populace. 25. Laelium, at- 

triotism. 15. desiderarim, missed, traded to me. The friendship of 

17. Res eas, the suppression of the C. Laelius the Wise and the younger 

Catilinarian conspiracy. 18. neces- Africanus had been unusually close 

situdinis, intimacy. 20. animum and enduring, and was later cele- 

offenderes : Pompey was at this brated by Cicero in the essay de 

time, or was thought to be, in sym- Amlcitia. 

pathy with the purposes of the de- V. Written January 25th, 61 B.C. 

mocratic leaders (cf. veteres hostis, Atticus had just returned to Greece, 

novos amicos). He had at any rate and had written to Cicero several 

to look to the populace for his sup- times during the journey. 2. Tribus 

port, and the execution of the con- Tabernis, an inn on the Via Appia, 



22 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



ram, quam mihi Canuslnus tuus hospes reddidit ; tertiam, 
quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedistl. Quae 
5 fuerunt omnes, ut rhetorum puerl loquuntur, cum hu- 
manitatis sparsae sale, turn Inslgnes amoris notls. 
Quibus epistulis sum equidem abs te lacessitus ad re- 
scribendum, sed idcirco sum tardior, quod non invenio 
fidelem tabellarium. Quotus enim quisque est qui 

io epistulam paulo graviorem ferre possit, nisi earn per- 
lectione relevant ? Accedit eo quod mihi non prodest, 
ut quisque in Eplrum proficiscitur. Ego enim te arbi- 
tror caesls apud Amaltheam tuam vlctimis statim esse 
ad Sicyonem oppugnandum profectum. Neque tamen 

is id ipsum certum habeo, quando ad Antonium profici- 
scare aut quid in Epiro temporis p5nas. Ita neque 
Achaicis hominibus neque Epiroticis paulo liberiores 
litteras committere audeo. Sunt autem post discessum 
a me tuum res dignae litteris nostris, sed non commit- 

20 tendae eius modi periculo, ut aut interlre aut aperirl aut 
intercipi possint. Prlmum igitur scito primum me non 



between thirty and forty miles from 
Rome. 3. Canusinus tuus hospes, 
your host at Canusium. 4. ancora 
soluta : io weigh anchor is regularly 
ancoram tollere. — phaselo, a nar- 
row, usually light vessel, so named 
from its resemblance in shape to a 
kidney bean. 5. humanitatis . . . 
sale, elegant wit. 6. notis, tokens. 
7. lacessitus, importuned. 9. Quo- 
tus . . . quisque est, how many are 
there? io. graviorem : there is a 
play upon the two meanings heavy 
and important. — perlectione, peru- 



sal ; this is the only occurrence 
of the word. 13. Amaltheam, the 
villa of Atticus near Buthrotum in 
Epirus, or the library of the villa 
simply; the name evidently has ref- 
erence to the nymph Amalthea, but 
its exact signification is not known. 
Atticus was intending to enforce 
payment of taxes or loans due him 
from the Sicyonians, and Cicero 
likens him to a general sacrificing 
before starting for the seat of war. 
15. Antonium, governor of Macedo- 
nia. 16. ponas, spend. 21. pos- 



CICERO SLIGHTED BY A CONSUL. 



23 



esse rogatum sententiam praepositumque esse nobis 
pacificatorem Allobrogum, idque admurmurante senatu 
neque me invito esse factum. Sum enim et ab obser- 
vando homine perverso liber et ad dignitatem in re pu- 25 
blica ret in en dam contra illlus voluntatem solutus, et ille 
secundus* in dlcendo locus habet auctoritatem pacne 
prlncipis et voluntatem non nimis devinctam beneficio 
consulis. Tertius est Catulus, quartus, si etiam hoc 
quaeris, Hortensius. Consul autem ipse parvo animo 30 
et pravo, tantum cavillator genere illo moroso quod 
etiam sine dicacitate rldetur, facie magis quam facetils 
rldiculus, nihil agens cum re publica, seiunctus ab opti- 
matibus, a quo nihil speres bonl rel publicae, quia non 
vult, nihil speres mall, quia non audet. Eius autem 
conlega et in me perhonorificus et partium studiosus ac 
defensor bonarum. 



35 



sint : the logical subject is litterae. 
— primum . . . sententiam : the 
presiding magistrate in taking a 
vote called first upon the princeps 
senatns, consules designati, toasida- 
res, in this order, and he might 
honor some particular consularis 
by calling upon him among the 
first. The magistrates of the year 
had no vote. It seems likely that 
in the preceding consulship Cicero 
had led the cqnsulares, but the new 
consul had conferred this honor 
upon his brother, the Piso men- 



tioned in I. 34. 



pacificatorem 



Allobrogum, ironical; while gov- 
erning Narbonese Gaul as proconsul 
Piso had put down an insurrection 



of the Allobroges. — admurmurante, 
in disapproval. 24. observando, de- 
ferring to. 28. principis, sc. loci. 
29. Catulus, later princeps senatns, 
and the most upright and uncompro- 
mising of the Optimales. 30. Hor- 
tensius, the famous orator, long a 
rival of Cicero. 31. cavillator, a 
mocker. 32. dicacitate, -wit. — facie 
. . . ridiculus, a man who excites 
laughter more by his wry face than by 
his witticisms. ^. cum re publica, 
in the interest of the state, the res 
publica being personified. 36. con- 
lega, Messalla. — perhonorificus. 
very respectful. — partium ... bo- 
narum, = oplimatium, bonorum; in 
the sense of party commonly plu. 



24 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



VI. A LOST LETTER {Att. 2. 8). 

Cicer5 Attic 5 Sal. 

Epistulam cum a te avide exspectarem ad vesperum, 
ut soleo, ecce tibi nuntius pueros venisse Roma. Voco ; 
quaero, ecquid litterarum. Negant. Quid ais*, inquam, 
nihilne a Pomponio ? PerterritT voce et vultu confessl 

5. sunt se accepisse, sed excidisse in via. Quid quaeris? 
Permoleste tull. Nulla enim abs te per hos dies epistula 
inanis aliqua re utili et suavl venerat. Nunc si quid 
in ea epistula quam ante diem xvi. Kal. Maias dedisti 
fuit historia dlgnum, scribe quam prlmum, ne Ignore- 

10 mus ; sin nihil praeter iocationem, redde id ipsum. Et 
sclto Curionem adulescentem venisse ad me salutatum. 
Valde eius sermo de Publio cum tuls litterls congruebat. 
Ipse vero mlrandum in modum 

— reges odisse superbos. 

!5 Peraeque narrabat incensam esse iuventutem neque 
ferre haec posse. Bene habemus nos, si in his spes est. 
Oplnor, aliud agamus. Ego me do historiae. Quam- 



VI. Written in April, 59 B.C., 
from Cicero's villa near Antium. 
Atticus was now at Rome. 2. ecce 
tibi, look you; tibi is ethical da- 
tive. — pueros venisse, ind. disc, 
with implied verb. 4. Pompo- 
nio, Atticus' nomen. 8. dedisti, 
dispatched. 9. historia dignum, 
especially important. 10. iocatio- 
nem, joking. — redde, make good, 
i.e. by repeating it in another let- 
ter. 11. Curionem, a most dissolute 



young man, who later became an ar- 
dent supporter of Caesar. 12. Valde 
. . . congruebat, entirely agreed. 
— Publio, Clodius. 14. reges, 
quoted from Lucilius and used here 
of the so-called First Triumvirate. 
15. Peraeque, to quite the same de- 
gree. 17. Opinor, aliud agamus, 
in my opinion we should do well 
to eschew politics. — historiae : the 
exact nature of this work is un- 
known, but it may have been an 



CICERO LONGS FOR NEWS OF ROME. 



25 



quam licet me Saufeium putes esse, nihil me est iner- 
tius. Sed cognosce itinera nostra, ut statuas ubi nos 
vlsurus sis. In Formianum volunnis venire Paiilibus. 20 
Inde, quoniam putas praetermittendum nobis esse hoc 
tempore Cratera ilium delicatum, Kal. Mails de Formi- 
ano proficlscemur, ut Antil slmus a. d. v. Nonas Maias. 
Ludl enim Antil futuii sunt a nil. ad pr. Nonas Maias. 
Eos Tullia spectare vult. Inde cogito in Tusculanum, 25 
deinde Arplnum, Romam ad Kal. Iunias. Te aut in 
Formiano aut Antil aut in Tusculano cura ut videa- 
mus. Epistulam superiorem restitue nobis et appinge 
aliquid novl. 



VII. CICERO LONGS FOR NEWS OF ROME 

(from Att. 2. n). 

Cicero Attico Sal. 

Narro tibi : plane relegatus mihi videor postea quam 
in Formiano sum. Dies enim nullus erat, Antil cum 



attack upon Caesar, and not in- 
tended for publication. 18. Sau- 
feium : he seems to have had the 
reputation of letting slip no occa- 
si^y for writing. 19. itinera, itin- 
erary. 20. Formianum, my villa at 
Formiae ; it was near this villa that 
Cicero was put to death. — Pari- 
libus, a festival celebrated April 
21st in honor of Pales, the Italian 
goddess of shepherds. The date of 
this festival was that given by tra- 
dition for the founding of Rome. 
22. Cratera, the Sinus Cumanus : 



Cicero had been taunted by Clodius 
with reference to a visit to Baiae, 
the most famous and frivolous of 
ancient watering places, and may 
have had a villa in this vicinity. 

— delicatum, cAarming, or per- 
haps, seductive. 25. Inde, sc. ire. 

— Tusculanum, Cicero's favorite 
villa at Tusculum. 26. Arpinum, 
his birthplace. 28. appinge, add. 

VII. Written during the visit to 
his Formian villa. 1. plane rele- 
gatus, actually banished; relegatio 
was a milder punishment than exsi- 



26 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



essem, quo die non melius scirem Roraae quid ageretur 
quam il qui erant Romae. Etenim litterae tuae non 

5 solum quid Romae, sed etiam quid in re publica, neque 
solum quid fieret, verum etiam quid futurum esset indi- 
cabant. Nunc, nisi si quid ex praetereunte viatore 
exceptum est, scire nihil possumus. Qua re quamquam 
iam te ipsum exspecto, tamen istl puero, quern ad me 

io statim iussl recurrere, da ponderosam aliquam epistu- 
lam, plenam omnium non modo actorum, sed etiam 
oplnionum tuarum, ac diem quo Roma sis exiturus cura 
ut sciam. Nos in Formiano esse volumus usque ad 
prld. Nonas Maias. Eo si ante earn diem non veneris, 

is Romae te fortasse videb5. Nam Arplnum quid ego te 
invltem ? 



VIII. POMPEY AND CAESAR UNPOPULAR 
(Att. 2. 19. 3). 

Popull sensus maxime theatro et spectaculls per- 
spectus est. Nam gladiatoribus qua dominus qua ad- 
vocatl sibilis conscissl. Ludls Apollinaribus Dlphilus 



Hum, for it did not carry with it the 
loss of civil rights. 7. nisi si, except 
in case. — viatore, traveler. 8. ex- 
ceptum est, has been picked up. 
10. ponderosam, heavy. 15. Nam 
. . . invitem: Cicero implies that 
Arpinum is not so much pleasing in 
itself as dear to him from its asso- 
ciations. The stay at Formiae had 
been prolonged, and Antium and 
Tusculum were, it would seem, not 
to be visited. 



VIII. Written from Rome in 
July, 59 B.C., Atticus having re- 
turned to Greece. 1. spectaculis, 
shows, games. 2. gladiatoribus, at 
a show of gladiators. — qua . . . 
qua, — et . . . et; used by Cicero 
only in the letters. — dominus, 
Pompey. — advocati, supporters; 
the advocatns was one who sup- 
ported a friend in a suit at law by 
his presence or by testimony. 3. si- 
bilis conscissi, were assailed ivith 



pompi-:y and CAESAR unpopulari 27 

tragoedus in nostrum Pompeium petulanter invectus est. 

Nostra miseria tu es magnus ... 5 

mlliens coactus est dlcere ; 

Eandem virtutem istam veniet tempus cum graviter gemcs 

tot 1 us theatr! clamore dixit, itemque cetera. Nam eius 
modi sunt il versus ut in tempus ab inim'ico Pompei 
scrlptl esse videantur. 10 

SI neque leges te neque mores cogunt . . . 

et cetera magno cum fremiti! et clamore sunt dicta. 
Caesar cum venisset mortuo plausu, Curio fllius est 
Insecutus. Huic ita plausum est ut salva re publica 
Pompeio plaudl solebat. Tulit Caesar graviter. Litte- 15 
rae Capuam ad Pompeium volare dlcebantur. Inimlcl 
erant equitibus qui CurionI stantes plauserant, hostes 
omnibus. Rosciae legl, etiam frumentariae minitaban- 
tur. Sane res erat perturbata. Equidem malueram 
quod erat susceptum ab illls silentio translrl, sed vereor 20 
ne non liceat. Non ferunt homines quod videtur esse 
tamen ferendum ; sed est iam una vox omnium, magis 
odio flrmata quam praesidio. 

hisses. 4. petulanter invectus est, ■ among the soldiers of the army that 
made a saucy attack. 5. magnus : ! had fought Mithridates; Pompeywas 



Pompey was given the surname 
Magnus by the dictator Sulla. 9. in 
tempus, y^r the occasion. 13. filius, 
to distinguish him from his father; 
he was applauded because of his 
well-known hostility to the trium- 
virs. 16. Capuam: Caesar was now 
consul, and had carried a law for the 
distribution of the land of Capua 



serving on the commission intrusted 
with the execution of this law. 
18. Rosciae legi: it provided for 
the seating of the cquitcs in the 
theater in a place of honor behind 
the senators. — frumentariae : this 
provided for the sale of grain at low 
fixed rates. — minitabantur, i.e. to 
abrogate them. 



28 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



IX. A LETTER DICTATED AS CICERO 

WALKED {Att. 2. 23. 1). 

Cicero Attico Sal. 

Numquam ante arbitror te epistulam meam legisse, 

nisi mea manu scrlptam. Ex eo conligere poteris quanta 

occupatione distinear. Nam cum vacul temporis nihil 

haberem et cum recreandae voculae causa necesse esset 

5 mihi ambulare, haec dictavi ambulans. 

X. CICERO THE POLITICIAN 

(from Att. 2. 25. 1). 
Cicero Attico Sal. 
Cum aliquem apud te laudard tuorum familiarium, 
volam ilium scire ex te me id fecisse, ut niiper me scls 
scrlpsisse ad te de Varronis erga me officio, te ad me 
rescripsisse earn rem summae tibi voluptatl esse ; sed 
5 ego mallem ad ilium scrlpsisses mihi ilium satis facere, 
n5n quo faceret, sed ut faceret. 



XI. A RUNAWAY SLAVE (from Quint. Frat. 
1. 2. 14). 

Praeterea Aesdpl tragoedl, nostrl familiaris, Licinius 
servus, tibi notus, aufugit. Is Athenls apud Patr5nem 



IX. 2. conligere, infer. 4. vo- 
Culae, my weak voice ; walking was 
thought to strengthen the voice. 

X. 3. Varronis, "most learned of 
the Romans," author of the De Re 
Rustica and the De Lingua Latina. 

XI. Quintus Cicero, the brother 
of Marcus and brother-in-law of 



Atticus, is best known for the he- 
roic defense of his camp of which 
Caesar gives an account in Bk. V. 
of the Gallic War. He was at this 
time governor of the province of 
Asia. 1. Aesopi, the most famous 
of Roman tragedians; as a young 
man Cicero had studied his gestures 



THE EXILE TO HIS FRIEND. 29 

EpicOreum pro llbero fuit. Intle in Asiam venit. Postea 
Plato quldam Sardianus, Epicureus, qui Athenls solet 
esse multum et qui turn Athenls fuerat, cum Licinius 5 
eo venisset, cum cum fugitlvum esse postea ex Aesopi 
litteris cognosset, hominem comprehendit et in custo- 
diam Ephesi tradidit, sed in publicam an in plstrinum 
non satis ex litteris eius intellegere potuimus. Tu quo- 
quo modo est, quoniam Ephesi est, hominem investlges 10 
velim summaque dlligentia vel tecum deducas. Noll 
spectare quantl homo sit. Parvi enim pretl est, qui iam 
nihil! est ; sed tanto dolore Aesopus est adfectus propter 
servl scelus et audaciam ut nihil el gratius facere possls 
quam si ilium per te reciperarit. 15 

XII. THE EXILE TO HIS FRIEND 

{Att. 3. 5)- 

Cicero Attic 6 Sal. 

Terentia tibi et saepe et maximas agit gratias. Id est 
mihi gratissimum. Ego vivo miserrimus et maximo do- 
lore conficior. Ad te quid scrlbam nescio. Si enim es 



and delivery, and was now intimate 
with him. 3. Epicureum, the Epi- 
curean. 4. Sardianus, of Sardis. 
S. publicam, sc. custodiam. — pi- 
strinum, a mill for grinding grain, 
in which refractory slaves were often 



banishment of any one who had put 
to death a Roman citizen without 
trial. When Cicero, against whom 
this was aimed, found that his foes 
were too powerful to be resisted, he 
fled from the city, and Clodius there- 



compelled to work as a punishment, upon carried another bill banishing 
10. Ephesi: Ephesus was the seat I and outlawing him byname. Atti- 
of the provincial government. — in- ; cus was now in Rome, and this letter 



vestiges, hunt up. 

XII. In March of 58 B.C. Clodius 
had proposed a bill providing for the 



is one of several addressed to him by 
Cicero while on his way into exile. 
1. saepe, i.e. in her letters to me. 



30 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



Romae, iam me adsequi n5n potes; sin es in via, cum 
s eris me adsecGtus, coram agemus quae erunt agenda. 
Tantum te or 6 ut, quoniam me ipsum semper amastl, 
e5dem amore sis. Ego enim Idem sum ; inimici mei 
mea mihi, n5n me ipsum ademerunt. Cura ut valeas. 
Data viii. Idus April. Thuriis. 

XIII. THE EXILE TO HIS FAMILY 

(Fam. 14. 4). 

Tullius S. D. Terentiae et Tulliae et Ciceroni Suis. 

Ego minus saepe do ad vos litteras quam possum 
propterea quod cum omnia mihi tempora sunt misera, 
turn vero, cum aut scrlbo ad vos aut vestras lego, con- 
ficior lacrimls sic ut ferre non possim. Quod utinam 

5 minus vltae cupidl fuissemus ! Certe nihil aut non mul- 
tum in vita mall vidissemus. Quod si nos ad aliquam 
alicuius commodl aliquando reciperandl spem fortuna 
reservavit, minus est erratum a nobis ; si haec mala flxa 
sunt, ego vero te quam prlmum, mea vita, cupio videre 

to et in tuo complexu emorl, quoniam neque dil, quos tu 
castissime coluistl, neque homines, quibus ego semper 



XIII. Cicero wrote this letter to 
his wife, son, and daughter as he was 
about to take ship at Brundisium 
for Dyrrhachium. Suis (greeting), 
his dear. 3. vestras, sc. litteras. 
4. Quod utinam: cf. the frequent 
quod si ; Cicero laments that he had 
not met death in resistance to Clo- 
dius, or as in other letters from 



exile, that he had relinquished out 
of consideration for his family and 
friends his intention to commit 
suicide. It must be remembered 
that suicide was sanctioned by Cic- 
ero's philosophic belief. 9. vita, a 
term of endearment common in fa- 
miliar Latin. 11. castissime colu- 
isti, have worshiped most piously. 



THE EXILE TO HIS FAMILY. 



31 



servlvl, nobis gratiam rettulerunt. Nos Brundisi! apud 
M. Laenium Flaccum dies xiii. fuimus, virum optimum, 

qui perlculum fortunarum ct capitis sui prae mea salute 
neglexit, neque legis improbissimae poena deductus est 15 
quo minus hospit! et amlcitiae ius officiumque praesta- 
ret. Huic utinam aliquando gratiam referre posslmus ! 
Habebimus quidem semper. Brundisio profectl sumus 
a. d. 11. K. Mai. ; per Macedonian! Cyzicum petebamus. 
O me perditum ! O adflictum ! Quid nunc rogem te 20 
ut venias, mulierem aegram et corpore et animo con- 
fectam ? Non rogem ? Sine te igitur sim ? Oplnor, 
sic again : si est spes nostrl reditus, earn confirmes et 
rem adiuves ; sin, ut ego metuo, transactum est, quoquo 
mod5 potes ad me fac venias. Unum hoc sclto : si te 25 
habebo, non mihi videbor plane perlsse. Sed quid Tul- 
liola mea fiet ? lam id vos videte ; mihi deest con- 
silium. Sed certe, quoquo modo se res habebit, illlus 
misellae et matrimoni5 et famae serviendum est. Quid ? 
Cicero meus quid aget ? Iste vero sit in sinu semper et 3° 
complexu meo. Non que5 plura iam sciibere ; impedit 
maeror. Tu quid egeris nescio, utrum aliquid teneas 
an, quod metuo, plane sis spoliata. Plsonem, ut scribis, 



14. fortunarum et capitis: he who 
sheltered an outlaw Mas himself 
liable to banishment and the con- 
fiscation of a third of his prop- 
erty. — prae, in comparison with. 
iS. profecti sumus, petebamus, 
epistolary tenses. 19. a. d. II., 
= pridie. — Cyzicum : he actually 
went no farther than Thessalonica. 
23. confirmes : the subj. is logically 



dependent upon a verb of wish or 
command implied in sic again, and 
not an instance of the rare definite 
second person as a substitute for the 
imperative; cf. fac venias. 24. trans- 
actum est, it is all up with me. 
26. Tulliola, an affectionate diminu- 
tive. 27. fiet, will become of; the 
aid. in this idiom is instrumental. 
29. misellae, dim. of miser. — ma- 



32 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 

spero fore semper nostrum. De familia llberata nihil 

35 est quod te moveat. Prlmum tuls ita promissum est, te 
facturam esse ut quisque esset meritus. Est autem in 
officio adhuc Orpheus, praeterea magnopere nemo. 
Ceterdrum servorum ea causa est ut, si res a nobis 
ablsset, llbertl nostrl essent, si obtinere potuissent; sin 

40 ad nos pertinerent, servlrent praeterquam oppido paucl. 
Sed haec minora sunt. Tu quod me hortaris ut animo 
sim magno et spem habeam reciperandae salutis, id 
velim sit eius modi ut recte sperare possimus. Nunc 
miser quando tuas iam litteras accipiam ? Quis ad me 

45 perferet ? Quas ego exspectassem Brundisil, si esset 
licitum per nautas, qui tempestatem praetermittere nolu- 
erunt. Quod reliquum est, sustenta te, mea Terentia, 
ut potes honestissime. Vlximus, floruimus. Non vitium 
nostrum, sed virtus nostra nos adfllxit ; peccatum est 

50 nullum, nisi quod non una animam cum ornamentls 
amlsimus. Sed si hoe fuit llberls nostrls gratius, nos 
vlvere, cetera, quamquam ferenda non sunt, feramus. 
Atque ego, qui te conflrmo, ipse me non possum. Clo- 



trimonio et famae: Tullia's dowry 
had not been paid; her husband 
was the Piso mentioned below. 
34. De familia liberata, touching 
the manumission of our slaves ; with 
fatnilia, cf. famulus. 36. in officio, 
doing his duty by us. 38. causa, = 
condicio. — res . . . abisset, our 
property should pass out of our hands. 
39. Obtinere, establish their freedom 
in the courts of law ; the legality 
of such a manumission might well 
be questioned. 40. servirent, they 



should continue our slaves ; the sec- 
ondary sequence is due to the fact 
that ea causa est implies the mak- 
ing of the agreement in past time. 
— oppido, very. 41. minora, of 
minor importance. 43. recte, rea- 
sonably. 45. esset licitum, = licu- 
isset ; the use of the passive is 
peculiar to familiar Latin. 46. tem- 
pestatem, here, as often, favorable 
weather. 50. ornamentis, honors. 
53. Clodium Philhetaerum, Sallu- 
stius, Pescennius : these were prob- 



THl^ EXILE TO HIS UKorilLK 



33 



dium Philhetaerum quod valetudine oculorum impedie- 
batur, hominem fidelem, remisi. Sallustius officio vincit 55 
omnls. Pescennius est perbenevolus nobis, quern sem- 
per spero tul fore observantem. Sicca dlxerat se mecum 
fore, sed Brundisio discessit. Cura, quod potes, ut 
valeas et sic exlstimes, me vehementius tua miseria 
quam mea commoveii. Mea Terentia, fldissima atque 60 
optima uxor, et mea carissima flliola et spes reliqua 
nostra, Cicero, valete. Pr. K. Mai. Brundisio. 



XIV. THE EXILE TO HIS BROTHER 
{Quint. Frat. 1.3. 1-6). 

Marcus Quinto Fratri Salutem. 

Ml frater, ml frater, ml frater, tune id veritus es, ne 
ego Iracundia aliqua adductus pueros ad te sine litterls 
mlserim ? Aut etiam ne te videre noluerim ? Ego tibi 
Irascerer ? Tibi ego possem IrascI ? Scilicet, tu enim 
me adfllxistl ; tul me inimlcl, tua me invidia ac non ego 5 
te misere perdidl. Meus ille laudatus consulatus mihi 



ably freedmen. 54. valetudine, = 
infirmitate. 57. observantem, at- 
tentive. — Sicca, a friend who had 
entertained Cicero at Vibo, and had 
accompanied him to Brundisium 
upon receipt of news of the second 
rogatio of Clodius. 58. quod potes, 
as far as yon are able. 61. optima 
uxor : Cicero and Terentia had now 
been married twenty years, and their 
relations at this time seem to have 
been most affectionate ; but they 
COR. of cic. — 3 



later became estranged and were 
divorced in 46 B.C. Terentia's ex- 
travagance was the ostensible cause 
of the estrangement. 

XIV. Written from Thessalonica 
on the Ides of June, 58 B.C. Quin- 
tus had left his province to return 
to Rome, but by the advice of his 
brother did not come to Thessalo- 
nica on the way. 3. Ego tibi, Tibi 
ego : notice the effect produced by 
the change in the order. 6. Meus 



34 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



te, llberos, patriam, fortunas, tibi velim ne quid eripuerit 
praeter unum me. Sed certe a te mihi omnia semper 
honesta et iucunda ceciderunt, a me tibi luctus meae 

« calamitatis, metus tuae, deslderium, maeror, solitudo. 
Ego te videre noluerim ? Immo vero me a te viderl 
nolui. Non enim vldisses fratrem tuum, non eum quern 
rellqueras, non eum quem noras, non eum quem flens 
flentem, prosequentem proficlscens dlmlseras, ne vestl- 

15 gium quidem eius nee simulacrum, sed quandam effigiem 
splrantis mortul. Atque utinam me mortuum prius vl- 
disses aut audlsses ! Utinam te non solum vitae, sed 
etiam dignitatis meae superstitem rellquissem ! Sed 
testor omnls deos me hac una voce a morte esse revoca- 

20 turn, quod omnes in mea vita partem aliquam tuae vitae 
repositam esse dlcebant. Qua in re peccavl scelerate- 
que feci. Nam si occidissem, mors ipsa meam pietatem 
amoremque in te facile defenderet. Nunc commlsl ut 
me vivo careres, vivo me alils indigeres, mea vox in 

2 5 domesticls perlculls potissimum occideret, quae saepe 
alienissimls praesidio fuisset. Nam quod ad te puerl 
sine litterls venerunt, quoniam vides non fuisse Iracun- 
diam causam, certe pigritia f uit et quaedam Inflnlta vis 
lacrimarum et dolorum. Haec ipsa me quo fletu putas 

3° scrlpsisse ? Eodem quo te legere certo scio. An ego 
possum aut non cogitare aliquando de te aut umquam 
sine lacrimls cogitare? Cum enim te desldero, fratrem 
solum deslder5? Ego ver5 suavitate fratrem prope 



. . . fortunas, sc. eripuit. 13. re- 
liqueras, i.e. on leaving Rome for 
his province. 14. vestigium, trace. 



18. dignitatis, i.e. by dying sooner 
than submit to disgrace. 28. pi- 
gritia, supineness. 33. suavitate, 



THE EXILE TO HIS BROTHER. 



35 



aequalem, obsequio filium, consilio parentem. Quid 
mihi sine te umquam aut tibi sine me iGcundum fuit ? 35 
Quid, quod eodem tempore desldero flliam? Qua pie- 
tate, qua modestia, quo ingenio! Effigiem oris, sermo- 
nis, animl mel ! Quod filium venustissimum mihique 
dulcissimum ? Quern ego ferus ac ferreus e complexu 
dimlsi meo, sapientiorem puerum quam vellem. Sentie- 40 
bat enim miser iam quid ageretur. Quod vero tuum 
filium, imaginem tuam, quern meus Cicero et amabat ut 
fratrem et iam ut maiorem fratrem verebatur ? Quid, 
quod mulierem miserrimam, fidelissimam coniugem, me 
prosequi non sum passus, ut esset quae reliquias com- 45 
munis calamitatis, communis llberos tueretur? Sed 
tamen, quoquo modo potul, scrlpsl et dedl litteras ad te 
Philogono, llberto tuo, quas credo tibi postea redditas 
esse, in quibus idem te hortor et rogo quod puerl tibi 
verbis mels nuntiarunt, ut Romam protinus pergas et 50 
properes. Prlmum enim te praesidio esse volul, si qui 
essent inimicl quorum crudelitas nondum esset nostra 
calamitate satiata ; deinde congressus nostrl lamentatio- 
nem pertimui. Dlgressum vero non tulissem, atque 
etiam id ipsum quod tu scrlbis metuebam, ne a me dis- 55 
trahl non posses. His de causls hoc maximum malum, 
quod te non vldl, quo nihil amantissimls et coniunctissi- 
mls fratribus acerbius miseriusve videtur accidere po- 
tuisse, minus acerbum, minus miserum fuit quam fuisset 
cum congressio, turn vero dlgressio nostra. Nunc, si 60 



pleasant companionship. 34. obse- 
quio, compliance. 38. venustissi- 
mum, most lovable. 43. verebatur, 



respected. 47. ad te, for you. 
48. postea, i.e. after you had written 
finding fault luith vie. 50. protinus 



36 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



potes, id quod ego, qui tibi semper f ortis videbar, non 
possum, erige te et conflrma, si qua subeunda dlmicatio 
erit. Spero, si quid mea spes habet auctoritatis, tibi et 
integritatem tuam et amorem in te civitatis et aliquid 

65 etiam misericordiam nostrl praesidi laturam. Sin eris 
ab isto perlculo vacuus, ages scilicet, si quid agi posse 
de nobis putabis. De quo scrlbunt ad me quidem multl 
multa et se sperare demonstrant, sed ego quod sperem 
non dlspicio, cum inimlcl plurimum valeant, amicT par- 

70 tim deseruerint me, partim etiam prodiderint, qui in meo 
reditu f ortasse reprehensionem sul sceleris pertimescant. 
Sed ista qualia sint tu velim perspicias mihique declares. 
Ego tamen, quam diu tibi opus erit, si quid perlculi sub- 
eundum videbis, vlvam ; diutius in hac vita esse non 

75 possum. Neque enim tantum vlrium habet ulla aut 
prudentia aut doctrlna ut tantum dolorem possit susti- 
nere. Scio fuisse et honestius moriendi tempus et 
utilius, sed non hoc solum, multa alia praetermisl, quae 
si querl velim praeterita, nihil agam nisi ut augeam 

80 dolorem tuum, indicem stultitiam meam. Illud quidem 
nee faciendum est nee fieri potest, me diutius quam aut 
tuum tempus aut flrma spes postulabit in tarn misera 
tamque turpi vita commorarl ut, qui modo fratre fuerim, 
llberls, coniuge, copils, genere ipso pecuniae beatissimus, 

8s dlgnitate, auctoritate, exlstimatione, gratia non Inferior 



pergas et properes: notice the al- 
literation. 62. dimicatio: Quintus 
was threatened with impeachment 
on his return to Rome. 63. aucto- 
ritatis, foundation. 65. nostri, de- 
pends upon misericordiam ; praesidi 



is to be taken with aliquid. 82. tem- 
pus, necessity. 83. modo, but lately. 
84. genere, because the pecunia had 
been acquired by honorable means. 
The chief sources of Cicero's wealth 
were the gifts and bequests of grate- 



CICERO'S RETURN FROM EXILE. 37 

quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissiml, is nunc in hac 
tarn adfllcta perditaque fortuna neque me neque meos 
lugere diutius possim. 

XV. A SUPPRESSED ORATION (Aft. 3. 12. 2). 

PercussistI autem me etiam de oratione prolata. Cui 
vulneri, ut scrlbis, medere, si quid potes. Scrlpsl equi- 
dem olim cl Iratus quod ille prior sciipserat, sed ita 
compresseram ut numquam emanaturam putarem. Quo 

modo exciderit nescio. Sed quia numquam accidit ut 5 
cum eo verbo uno concertarem, et quia scrlpta mihi 
videtur neglegentius quam ceterae, puto posse probarl 
non esse meam. Id, si putas me posse sanarl, cures 
velim ; sin plane peril, minus laboro. 

XVI. CICERO'S RETURN FROM EXILE 

(from Att. 4. 1. 4; 5). 

Pr. Nonas Sextllis Dyrrhachio sum profectus, ipso 
illo die quo lex est lata de nobis. Brundisium venl 

ful clients and generous friends; he laboro, perhaps also in cures and 
did not loan money on interest; he peril, Cicero returns to the figure 
had refused the governorship of the with which he introduced the sub- 
rich province of Macedonia, and ject (PercussisHy vulneri, medere). 
did not use his position as gov- XVI. Written in September, 57 
ernor of Cilicia for his own pe- B.C. After many months of discus- 
cuniary advantage. 87. adflicta sion and commotion the comitia 
perditaque, wretcked and hopeless, centuriata had finally voted Cicero's 
XV. 1. oratione prolata, the recall on August 4th of this year. 
publication of my speech. 4. ema- The exile, who had been watch - 
naturam. exciderit, here substan- ing events from Dyrrhachium, sailed 
tially synonymous with prolata. for Brundisium the same day. Atti- 
9. laboro, suffer; in sanari and I cus was now in Epirus. 2. lata, pro- 



38 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 

Nonls Sextllibus. Ibi mihi Tulliola mea fuit praesto 
natal! suo ipso die, qui casu Idem natalis erat et Brundi- 

5 slnae coloniae et tuae vlclnae Salutis, quae res animad- 
versa a multitudine surama Brundislnorum gratulatione 
celebrata est. Ante diem vi. Idus Sextllls cognovl litte- 
rls Qulntl mlrifico studio omnium aetatum atque ordinum, 
incredibill concursu Italiae legem comitils centuriatls esse 

io perlatam. Inde a Brundislnls honestissimls ornatus iter 
ita feci ut undique ad me cum gratulatione legatl con- 
venerint. Ad urbem ita venl ut nemo ulllus ordinis 
homo nomenclatorl notus fuerit qui mihi obviam non 
venerit, praeter eos inimlcos quibus id ipsum, se iniml- 

15 cos esse, non liceret aut dissimulare aut negare. Cum 
venissem ad portam Capenam, gradus templorum ab 
Infimo plebe completi erant, a qua plausu maximo cum 
esset mihi gratulatio slgnificata, similis et frequentia et 
plausus me usque ad Capitolium celebravit, in foroque 

20 et in ipso Capitolio mlranda multitudo fuit. Postrldie 
in senatu, qui fuit dies Nonarum Septembr., senatul 
gratias egimus. 



posed. 3. fuit praesto, met. 4. na- 
talis, i.e. the anniversary of the 
founding of the colony at Brundi- 
sium and of the dedication of the 
temple of Salus on the Quirinal. 
5. vicinae : Atticus had a house on 
the Quirinal. — Salutis, goddess 
of the public welfare. 9. concursu 
Italiae : Roman citizens could exer- 
cise their right of suffrage only in 
Rome itself, and the senate had 
summoned to Rome in the name 
of the consuls all who were favor- 



able to the recall of Cicero. 1 1, le- 
gati, deputations. 13. nomenclatori, 
a slave whose part it was to know 
by name all influential men and to 
prompt his master when necessary. 
16. portam Capenam: through this 
gate the traveler by the Via Appia 
entered the city. — ab infimo, from 
top to bottom. 19. celebravit, at- 
tended. 21. Nonarum, appositional 
gen.; the appositive A T onae also oc- 
curs. 22. egimus, in the so-called 
Oratio post Reditum in Senatu. 



WANTED, A PANEGYRIST. 39 

XVII. A WELCOME TO ATTICUS (Att 4. 4a) 

Cicero Attico Sal. 

Periucundus mihi Clncius fuit ante diem in. Kal. 
Febr. ante lucem. Dixit enim mihi te esse in Italia 
seseque ad te pueros mittere, quos sine mels litteris Ire 

ndlul, non quo haberem quod tibi, praesertim iam propt 
praesentl, scriberem, sod ut hoc ipsum slgnificarem, 5 
mihi tuum adventum suavissimum exspectatissimumque 
esse. Qua re advola ad nos eo animo ut nos ames, te 

amarl scias. Cetera coram agemus. Haec properantes 
scrlpsimus. Qu5 die venies, utique fac cum tuls apud 
me sis. ic 

XVIII. WANTED, A PANEGYRIST 
(JFatn. 5. 12). 

M. Cicer5 S. D. L. Lucceio Q. F. 

Coram me tecum eadem haec agere saepe conantem 
deterruit pudor quldam paene subrusticus, quae nunc 
expromam absens audacius. Epistula enim non erube- 
scit. Ardeo cupiditate incredibill neque, ut ego arbitror, 
reprehendenda, nomen ut nostrum scrlptls inlustretur 5 
et celebretur tuls. Quod ets! mihi saepe ostendis te 



XVII.' Written in 56 R.C. Atti- 
cus was on his way to Rome. 
1. Cincius, perhaps the agent of 
Atticus at Rome. 3. meis, from me. 
6. exspectatissimum, most welcome. 
8. properantes, in haste. 9. utique, 
without fail. 



XVIII. Written in June, 56 B.C. 
Cicero himself thought this a 'very 
elegant ' (valde l>clla) letter, and it 
was evidently written with the great- 
est care, as indeed so delicate a suh- 
ject demanded. 2. subrusticus : 
notice the force of sub. 3. erube- 



40 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



esse facturum, tamen Ignoscas velim huic festlnationi 
meae. Genus enim scrlptorum tuorum etsl erat semper 
a me vehementer exspectatum, tamen vicit opinionem 

io meam, meque ita vel cepit vel incendit ut cuperem 
quam celerrime res nostras monumentls commendari 
tills. Neque enim me solum commemoratio posteritatis 
ad spem quandam immortalitatis rapit, sed etiam ilia 
cupiditas, ut vel auctoritate testimony tui vel indicio 

15 benevolentiae vel suavitate ingenT vlvl perfruamur. Ne- 
que tamen haec cum scribebam, eram nescius quantis 
oneribus premerere susceptarum rerum et iam Institu- 
tarum ; sed quia videbam Italic! belli et civilis historiam 
iam a te paene esse perfectam, dlxeras autem mihi te 

20 reliquas res ordirl, deesse mihi nolui qum te admonerem 
ut cogitares coniunctene malles cum reliquis rebus no- 
stra contexere an, ut multi Graecl fecerunt, Callisthenes 
Phocicum bellum, Timaeus Pyrrhl, Polybius Numantl- 
num, qui omnes a perpetuls suis historils ea quae dixT 



scit, blush. 7. festinationi, impa- 
tience. 8. Genus, character. 10. ce- 
pit, charmed. II. monumentis, 
memoirs. 13. rapit, draws irre- 
sistibly. 15. vivi, nom. plu. 18. Ita- 
lici belli, i.e. the Social War, 90- 
89 B.C. — civilis, the struggle be- 
tween Marius and other leaders of 
the popular party and Sulla, 88-78 
B.C. 20. reliquas res, i.e. the his- 
tory of Rome from the close of 
the Civil War to 56 B.C. — deesse 
mihi . . . quin, to throw atvay the 
opportunity of. 21-. nostra, = res 
nostras. 22. Callisthenes, a pupil 



of Aristotle and the intimate com- 
panion of Alexander the Great, the 
romantic account of whose life was 
long supposed to be from his hand; 
his perpetua historia was a history 
of Greece from 387 to 357 B.C. 
23. Timaeus, a Sicilian (about 352- 
256 B.C.), who while living in exile 
at Athens wrote a history of his na- 
tive land. — Polybius, one of the 
most trustworthy and valuable of an- 
cient historians; he lived for many 
years at Rome, and was the tutor 
and lifelong friend of the younger 
Africanus. 24. perpetuis, general. 



WANTED, a i*am:<;\ 41 

bella separaverunt, tu quoque item civllem coniiiratid- 25 
nem ab hostllibus externlsque bellls seiungeres. Equi- 
dem ad nostram laudem nun raultum video interesse, 
sed ad properationem meam quiddam interest, non te 
exspeetare dum ad locum venias, ac statim causam illam 
totam et tempus adripere, et simul, si uno in argiimento 3° 
Qnaque in persona mens tua tola versabitur, cerno iam 
animo quanto omnia uberi5ra atque ornatiora futura 
sint. Neque tamen Ignoro quam impudenter faciam, 
qui primum tibi tantum oneris imponam — potest enim 
mihi denegare occupatio tua — , deinde etiam ut ornes 35 
me postulem. Quid si ilia tibi non tanto opere viden- 
tur ornanda ? Sed tamen qui semel verecundiae finis 
transierit, eum bene et naviter oportet esse impuden- 
tem. Itaque te plane etiam atque etiam rogo ut et 
ornes ea vehementius etiam quam fortasse sentls, et in 40 
eo leges historiae neglegas, gratiamque illam de qua 
suavissime quodam in prooemio scrlpsistl, a qua te 
flectl non magis potuisse dem5nstras quam Herculem 
Xenophontium ilium a Voluptate, earn, si me tibi vehe- 
mentius commendabit, ne aspernere, amorlque nostro 45 
plusculum etiam quam concedet Veritas largiare. Quod 
si te adducemus ut hoc suscipias, erit, ut mihi persuadeo, 



25. coniurationem, that of Catiline. 

28. properationem, cf. festinationi. 

29. locum, i.e. the place in his his- 
tory where the account of Cicero's 
consulship would naturally be given. 



candidly. 40. sentis, you think they 
deserve. 42. prooemio, preface. — a 
qua, instead of qua, to correspond to 
a Voluptate; perhaps gratia also is 
personified. 44. Xenophontium. 



30. argumento, theme. 35. occupa- as Xenophon tells us ; the fable of 

tio, engagements. 37. verecundiae, Hercules' choice between Duty and 

cf. pudor. 3S. bene et naviter. Pleasure is told in the Memorabi- 

:'y and completely. 39. plane, | lia. — earn, resumes gratiam illam. 



42 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 

materies digna facilitate et copia tua. A principio enim 
coniurationis usque ad reditum nostrum videtur mihi 

50 modicum quoddam corpus conficl posse, in quo et ilia 
poteris utl clvllium commutationum scientia vel in expli- 
candls causls rerum novarum vel in remedils incommo- 
dorum, cum et reprehendes ea quae vituperanda duces 
et quae placebunt exponendls rationibus comprobabis ; 

55 et si llberius, ut consuestl, agendum putabis, multorum 
in nos perfidiam, Insidias, proditionem notabis. Multam 
etiam casus nostri varietatem tibi in scribendo suppedi- 
tabunt plenam cuiusdam voluptatis, quae vehementer 
animos hominum in legendo te sciiptore tenere possit. 

60 Nihil est enim aptius ad delectationem lectoris quam 
temporum varietates fortunaeque vicissitudines. Quae 
etsl nobis optabiles in experiendo non fuerunt, in le- 
gendo tamen erunt iucundae. Habet enim praeteritl 
doloris secura recordatio delectationem. Ceteris vero 

6 S nulla perfunctls propria molestia, casus autem alienos 
sine ullo dolore intuentibus etiam ipsa misericordia est 
iucunda. Quern enim nostrum ille moriens apud Man- 
tineam Epamlnondas non cum quadam miseratione de- 
lectat ? Qui turn denique sibi evelll iubet splculum 

70 postea quam el percontantl dictum est clipeum esse 
salvum, ut etiam in vulneris dolore aequo animo cum 
laude moreretur. Cuius studium in legendo non erec- 



48. facilitate et copia, ability and 
eloquence. 49. reditum, i.e. from 
exile. 50. corpus, volume. 55. mul- 
torum . . . proditionem, i.e. at the 
time of his banishment. 57. casus, 
vicissitudes. 65. nulla . . . mo- 



lestia, ivho have gone through no 
trouble of their own. 69. spiculum, 
spear-head. 70. ei percontanti, in 
answer to his question. 71. aequo 
animo, abl. abs.; connect with in 
vulneris dolore. 72. studium, in- 



WANTED, A PANEGYRIST. 43 

turn Themistocll fuga exituque retinetur? Etenim ordo 

ipse annalium mediocritcr nos retinet quasi enumera- 
tione fastorum. At viii saepe excellentis ancipites 75 
varilque casus habent admlrationem, exspectationem, 
laetitiam, molestiam, spem, timorem ; si vero exitu 110- 
tabili concluduntur, expletur animus iucundissima lectio- 
nis voluptate. Quo mihi accident optatius, si in hac 
sententia fueris, ut a continentibus tuls scrlptls, in qui- 80 
bus perpetuam rerum gestarum historiam complecteris, 
secernas hanc quasi fabulam rerum eventorumque 110- 
strorum. Habet enim varios actus multasque actiones 
et consiliorum et temporum. Ac non vereor ne adsen- 
tatiuncula quadam aucuparl tuam gratiam videar cum 85 
hoc demonstrcm, me a te potissimum ornarl celebrarlque 
velle. Neque enim tu is es qui quid sis nescias et qui 
non e5s magis qui te non admirentur invidos quam eos 
qui laudent adsentatores arbitrere ; neque autem ego 
sum ita demens ut me sempiternae gloriae per eum 90 
commendarl velim qui non ipse quoque in me commen- 
dando propriam ingenl gloriam consequatur. Neque 
enim Alexander ille gratiae causa ab Apelle potissimum 
pingi et a Lysippo fingl volebat, sed quod illorum artem 
cum ipsls, turn ctiam sibi gloriae fore putabat. Atque 95 
il IT artifices corporis simulacra IgnotTs nota faciebant, 

terest. 73. ordo, chronicle. 75. fa- cula, a little flattery. 85. aucupari, 

storum, the calendar. 79. Quo . . . to be fishing for ; literally, togofowl- 

Optatius, / shall therefore consider ing for. 93. gratiae causa, because 

myself all the more fortunate, of his liking for them. — Apelle, 

82. fabulam, drama. — evento- the most famous of Greek painters. 

rum, fortunes. 83. actus, acts. — 94. Lysippo : his bronze portrait 

actiones, scenes. 84. adsentatiun- statues were famous. 96. ignotis, 



44 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



quae vel si nulla sint, nihilo sint tamen obscuriores clari 
viri. Nee minus est Spartiates Agesilaus ille perhi- 
bendus, qui neque pictam neque fictam imaginem suam 

loo passus est esse, quam qui in eo genere laborarunt. 
Unus enim Xenophontis libellus in eo rege laudando 
facile omnls imagines omnium statuasque superavit. 
Atque hoc praestantius mihi fuerit et ad laetitiam animl 
et ad memoriae dignitatem si in tua scripta pervenero 

1C5 quam si in ceterorum, quod non ingenium mihi solum 
suppeditatum fuerit tuum, sicut Tlmoleontl a Tlmaeo 
aut ab Herodoto ThemistoclT, sed etiam auctoritas cla- 
rissiml et spectatissimi viri et in rei publicae maximis 
gravissimlsque causls cogniti atque in prlmis probati, ut 

r.iomihi non solum praeconium, quod, cum in Slgeum 
venisset, Alexander ab Homero Achilll tributum esse 
dixit, sed etiam grave testimonium impertltum clari 
hominis magnlque videatur. Placet enim Hector ille 
mihi Naevianus, qui non tantum ' laudarl ' se laetatur, 

115 sed addit etiam 'a laudato viro.' Quod si a te non 
impetro, hoc est, si quae te res impedierit — neque enim 
fas esse arbitror quicquam me rogantem abs te non 
impetrare — , c5gar fortasse facere quod non nulll saepe 



m the rare active sense, strangers. 
98. Spartiates, the Spartan. — 
perhibendus, must be mentioned. 
100. in eo genere, i.e. in having 
pictures and statues of themselves 
made. 103. praestantius, more 
helpful. 104. memoriae digni- 
tatem, my posthumous reputation. 
106. Timoleonti : he deposed the 
tyrants of the Greek cities of Sicily, 



and conducted a successful war 
against the Carthaginians (339- 
338 B.C.); notice the chiasmus. 
108. spectatissimi, most highly es- 
teemed. 109. cogniti, tried. no. 
praeconium, laudation. 114. Nae- 
vianus, i.e. in the Hector Profici- 
scens. Naevius flourished in the latter 
half of the third century B.C.; he 
was the father of Roman epic poe- 



WANTED, A PANEGYRIST. 45 

reprehendunt : sciibam ipse de me, multorum tamen 
exemplo et clarorum virorum. Sod, quod te non fugit, 120 
haec sunt in hoc genere vitia : et verecundius ipsi de 
sese scribant nccesse est, si quid est laudandum, et 
praetereant, si quid reprehendendum est. Accredit 
etiam ut minor sit fides, minor auctoritas, mult! deni- 
que reprehendant et dlcant verecundiores esse prae- 125 
cones ludorum gymnicorum, qui cum ceteris coronas 
imposuerint victoribus eorumque nomina magna voce 
proniintiarint, cum ipsi ante ludorum missionem corona 
donentur, alium praeconem adhibeant, ne sua voce se 
ipsi victores esse praedicent. Haec nos vitare cupimus 130 
et, si recipis causam nostram, vltabimus, idque ut facias 
rogamus. Ac ne forte mlrere cur, cum mihi saepe 
ostenderis te accuratissime nostrorum temporum con- 
silia atque eventus litterls mandaturum, a te id nunc 
tanto opere et tarn multls verbis petamus, ilia nos 135 
cupiditas incendit de qua initio scrips! festlnationis, 
quod alacres animo sumus ut et ceteii vlventibus nobis 
ex librls tins nos cognoscant et nosmet ipsi vlvl gloriola 
nostra perfruamur. His de rebus quid acturus sis, si 
tibi non est molestum, rescrlbas mihi velim. Si enim 140 
suscipis causam, conficiam commentarios rerum omnium; 
sin autem differs me in tempus aliud, coram tecum 

try, and likewise created a national ! least was afterwards finished, but is 



drama. 119. scribam : Cicero had 
already written an account of his con- 
sulship in Greek, and had announced 
to Atticus his intention to write also 
a poem and a Latin memoir on the 
same subject; of these the poem at 



fortunately not extant. 126. gym- 
nicorum, athletic. 128. missio- 
nem, end. 129. adhibeant. employ. 
133. accuratissime, most carefully. 
138. gloriola, small meed of fame. 
141. commentarios, notes. 142. dif- 



46 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 

loquar. Tu interea non cessabis et ea quae habes In- 
stituta perpolies nosque dlliges. 

XIX. A PURCHASE OF STATUES 
(Fam. 7. 23. 1-3). 

Cicero S. D. M. Fadio Gallo. 

Tantum quod ex Arpmatl veneram cum rnihi a te 
litterae redditae sunt, ab eodemque accepl Avian! lit- 
teras, in quibus hoc inerat liberalissimum, nomina se 
facturum, cum venisset, qua ego vellem die. Fac, 
5 quaeso, quT ego sum esse te. Estne aut tin pudoris 
aut nostrl prlmum rogare de die, deinde plus annua 
postulare ? Sed essent, ml Galle, omnia facilia, si et 
ea mercatus esses quae ego deslderabam et ad earn 
summam quam volueram ; ac tamen ista ipsa quae te 

10 emisse scribis non solum rata mihi erunt, sed etiam 
grata. Plane enim intellego te non modo studio, sed 
etiam amore usum, quae te delectarint, hominem, ut 
ego semper iudicavl, in omnl iudicio elegantissimum, 
quae me dlgna putaris coemisse. Sed velim maneat 

15 Damasippus in sententia. Prorsus enim ex istis empti- 
onibus nullam desidero. Tu autem I^narus Institutl 



iQrs,fiutoff. 143. cessabis, a polite 
equivalent of the imperative, chiefly 
colloquial. 144. perpolies, put the 
finishing touches to. 

XIX. 1. Tantum quod, but just. 
— Arpinati, my villa at Arpinum. 
3. nomina se facturum, he would 
enter the sale; acting as Cicero's 
agent, Gallus had bought from Avia- 



nius the statues mentioned below. 
6. die, sc. solutionis, to ask for time. 
10. rata, accepted. 13. elegantissi- 
mum, of the grea test taste. 15. Da- 
masippus, a virtuoso and dealer in 
works of art ; he seems to have 
offered to take the statues off Cic- 
ero's hands. — Prorsus . . . nul- 
lam, not a single one. 16. instituti, 



A PURCHASE OK STATUES. 



47 



mel, quantl ego genus omnino sfgnorum omnium nun 
aestimo, tanti ista quattuor aut qulnque sumpsisti. 
Bacchas istas cum Musis Metelll comparas. Quid si- 
mile? Primum ipsas ego Musas numquam tanti putas- » 
sem, atque id fecissem Musis omnibus approbantibus, 
sed tamen erat aptum bibliothecae studilsque nostiis 
congruens. BacchTs vjero ubi est apud me locus? 'At 
pulchellae sunt.' Novloptimeet saepevTdT. Nominatim 
tibi slgna mihi nota mandassem, si probassem. Ea enim 25 
slgna ego emere soled quae ad similitudinem gymnasi- 
orum exornent mihi in palaestra locum. Martis vero 
slgnum quo mihi, pacis auctori? Gaudeo nullum Sa- 
turnl slgnum fuisse, haec enim duo slgna putarem mihi 
aes alienum attulisse. Mercuri mallem aliquod f uisset ; 3° 
felicius, puto, cum Avianio transigere possemus. Quod 
tibi destinaras trapezophorum, si te delectat, habebis ; 
sin autem sententiam mutastl, ego habebo scilicet. Ista 
quidem sumraa ne ego multo libentius emerim deverso- 
rium Tarraclnae, ne semper hospitl molestus sim. Om- 35 
nlno llberti mel vide5 esse culpam, cul plane res certas 
mandaram, itemque Iunl, quern puto tibi notum esse, 



intention. 17. genus . . . omnium, 
all statues of whatever sort. 19. Bac- 
chas, Bacchantes. 22. bibliothecae, 
library. 23. congruens, appropri- 
ate. 26. gymnasiorum : the Greek 
gymnasia were adorned with statues. 
27. palaestra, a place for exercise; 
often used as synonymous with^rw- 
nasium. 30. Mercuri . . . posse- 
mus, because Mercury was the god 
of gain; there is probably also a 



reference to the fact that among the 
Greeks Hermes had the gymnasia 
under his protection, and his statue 
usually had the place of honor in 
them. 32. destinaras, had in- 
tended. — trapezophorum, table; the 
word denotes literally the carved 
or sculptured support upon which 
the table rested. 34. ne, the as- 
severative particle. — deversorium, 
lodge ; Tarracina was on the Via 



48 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



AvianI familiarem. Exhedria quaedam mihi nova sunt 
Instituta in porticula Tusculanl. Ea volebam tabellis 

40 ornare. Etenim si quid generis istlus modi me delectat, 
pictura delectat. Sed tamen si ista mihi sunt habenda, 
certiorem velim me facias ubi sint, quando arcessantur, 
quo genere vecturae. Si enim Damasippus in sententia 
non manebit, aliquem Pseudodamasippum vel cum iac- 

45 tura reperiemus. 

XX. THE DEDICATION OF POMPEY'S 
THEATER (Fam. 7. 1). 

M. Cicero S. D. M. Mario. 

Si te dolor aliqul corporis aut Inflrmitas valetudinis 
tuae tenuit quo minus ad ludos venires, fortunae magis 
tribuo quam sapientiae tuae ; sin haec, quae ceterl ml- 
rantur, contemnenda duxistl et, cum per valetudinem 
5 posses, venire tamen noluistl, utrumque laetor, et sine 
dolore corporis te fuisse et animo valuisse, cum ea quae 
sine causa mlrantur alii neglexeris, modo ut tibi con- 



Appia, and Cicero passed a night 
here on his way to and from his 
villas at Formiae and on the coast 
of Campania. 38. Exhedria, al- 
coves with seats and intended for 
lectures and discussions. 39. tabel- 
lis, paintings. 43. vecturae, con- 
veyance. 44. Pseudodamasippum, 
would-be Damasippus. — iactura, 
loss. 

XX. In his second consulship 
(55 B.C.) Pompey dedicated the first 



permanent theater of Rome and the 
temple of Venus Victrix adjoining it 
with shows of unprecedented magni- 
tude and magnificence. They in- 
cluded both dramatic representations 
and the savage sports of the amphi- 
theater. In this letter Cicero under- 
took to reconcile Marius to enforced 
absence from Rome at this time. 
4. per valetudinem, so far as your 
health was concerned. 5. utrum- 
que, o)i both accounts. 7. modo ut, 



THE DEDICATION OF POMPEY'S THEATER. 49 

stiterit frtictus otl tul, quo quidem tibi perfnti mirifice 
licuit, cum esses in ista amoenitate paene solus relictus. 
Xeque tamen dubito quin tu in illo cubiculo tuo ex quo 10 
tibi Stabianum perforasti et patefecistl sinum per e 

dies matutina tempora lectiunculls constimpseris, cum 
ill! interea qui te istic reliquerunt spectarent communis 

mimos semisomnl. Reliquas vero partis die! tu consu- 
mebas iis delectationibus quas tibi ipsl ad arbitrium 15 
tuum compararas, nobis autem erant ea perpetienda 
quae Sp. Maecius probavissct. Omnino, si quaeris, ludl 
apparatissiml, sed non tin stomach! — coniecturam enim 
facio de meo. Nam primura honoris causa in scaenam 
redierant il quos ego honoris causa de scaena decesse 20 
arbitrabar. Deliciae vero tuae, noster Aesopus, eius 
modi fuit ut el desinere per omnls homines liceret. Is 
iurare cum coepisset, vox eum defecit in illo loco : ' Si 
sciens fallo.' Quid tibi ego alia narrem ? XostI enim 
reliquos ludos, qui ne id quidem leporis habuerunt quod 25 
solent mediocres ludl. Apparatus enim spectatio tolle- 
bat omnera hilaritatem, quo quidem apparatu non dubito 

if only. — constiterit, -was -without ing. 14. mimos, farces. 15. ad 
alloy. 9. cum . . . relictus : Marius arbitrium tuum, to your own liking. 
was at his villa on the Bay of Naples. 17. Sp. Maecius: he had been in- 
to, cubiculo, study. II. Stabia- trusted by Pompey with the selection 
num . . . sinum : this seems to mean of the plays and the supervision of 
that Marius had cut down some trees their performance. 18. appara- 
on his estate at Stabiae that the bay tissimi, most splendid. — tui sto- 
might be in sight from his study machi, to your taste. 19. honoris 
windows; the vista is said to have causa, to grace the occasion ; below, 
been produced by boring a pas- because they no longer graced the 
sage through ( perforasti) the trees, stage. 20. decesse, for decessisse. 
12. lectiunculis, in desultory read- 21. Deliciae, faz or ite actor. 25. le- 
COR. OF CIC. — 4 



50 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



quin animo aequissimo carueris. Quid enim delectatio- 
nis habent sescentl mull in Clytaemnestra, aut in Equo 

3° Troiano creterrarum tria mllia, aut armatura varia pedi- 
tatus et equitatus in aliqua pugna ? Quae popularem 
admirationem habuerunt, delectationem tibi nullam attu- 
lissent. Quod si tu per eos dies operam dedistl Pro- 
togenl tuo, dum modo is tibi quidvls potius quam 

35 orationes meas legerit, ne tu haud paulo plus quam 
quisquam nostrum delectationis habuistl. Non enim te 
puto Graecos aut Oscos ludos deslderasse, praesertim 
cum Oscos vel in senatu vestro spectare possls, Graecos 
ita non ames ut ne ad vlllam quidem tuam via Graeca 

40 Ire soleas. Nam quid ego te athletas putem deslderare, 
qui gladiatores contempseris ? In quibus ipse Pompeius 
confitetur se et operam et oleum perdidisse. Reliquae 
sunt venationes blnae per dies qulnque, magnificae — ■ 
nemo negat — , sed quae potest hominl esse pollto de- 

45 lectatio cum aut homo imbecillus a valentissima bestia 
laniatur aut praeclara bestia venabulo transverberatur ? 
Quae tamen, si videnda sunt, saepe vidisti ; neque n5s 
qui haec spectamus quicquam novl vidimus. Extremus 



poris, elegance. 29. Clytaemnestra, 
Equo Troiano, plays by Accius and 
Naevius. 30. creterrarum, = cra- 
ter arum, bowls. 33. operam, atten- 
tion. — Protogeni, a slave whose 
duty it was to read to Marius 
(anagnostes) . 37. Oscos, i.e. the 
farcical fabulae Atellanae, so called 
from Atella, a town of the Osci. 
38. senatu, perhaps the local gov- 
erning board; the Campanian col- 



leagues of Marius were as droll as 
the clowns of their native farces. 
41. In quibus, i.e. in the athletic 
contests. 42. operam . . . perdi- 
disse, had had his labor for his pains. 
43. venationes, hunts; these were 
fights between men and wild beasts. 
On the present occasion five hundred 
lions alone were killed. 44. po- 
lito, of refinement. 45. imbecillus, 
feeble. 46. laniatur, is torn to 



THE DEDICATION OF POM PIT > THEATER. 5 I 

elephantorum dies fuit, in quo admlratio magna vulgl 
atque turbae, delectatio nulla exstitit. Quln etiam raise- s^ 

ricordia quaedam consecuta est atque opinio eius modi, 
esse quandam illl beluae cum genere humano societa- 
tem. His ego tamen diebus, ludls scaenicis, ne forte 
videar tibi non modo beatus, sed liber omnino fuisse, 
dlriipl me paene in iudicio Gall! CanTnl, familiaris tin. 55 
Quod si tam facilem populum haberem quam Aesopus 
habuit, libenter mehercule artem desinerem tecumque 
et cum similibus nostrl vlverem. Nam me cum antea 
taedebat, cum et aetas et ambitio me hortabatur et lice- 
bat denique quern nolebam non defendere, turn vero hoc 60 
tempore vita nulla est. Neque enim fructum ullum labo- 
ris exspecto, et cogor non numquam homines non optime 
de me meritos rogatu eorum qui bene meritl sunt defen- 
dere. ltaque quaero causas omnls aliquando vlvendl 
.arbitratu meo teque et istam rationem oti tul et laudo 65 
vehementer et probo, quodque nos minus intervlsis, hoc 
fero animo aequiore, quod, si Romae esses, tamen neque 
nos lepore tuo neque te — si qui est in me — meo frui 
liceret propter molestissimas occupationes meas. Oui- 
bus si me relaxaro — nam ut plane exsolvam non postulo 70 
— , te ipsum, qui multos annos nihil aliud commentaris, 
docebo profecto quid sit humaniter vlvere. Tu modo 
istam imbecillitatem valetudinis tuae sustenta et tuere, 

pieces. 49. vulgi atque turbae, com- 1 ace. with desinere in Cicero. 



mon herd. 55. Galli Canini, cogno- 
men and jiomen, the usual order in 
familiar Latin when the praenomen 
is omitted. 56. facilem, willing. 
57. artem, the only instance of an 



68. lepore, agreeable conversation. 
70. me relaxaro, / obtain some res- 
pite. 71. commentaris, have been 
studying. 72. humaniter vivere, 
to live a life of gentlemanly leisure. 



52 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



ut facis, ut nostras villas oblre et mecum simul lecticula 
75 concursare possls. Haec ad te pluribus verbis scrips! 
quam soled, non oti abundantia, sed amoris erga te, 
quod me quadam epistula subinvitaras, si memoria 
tenes, ut ad te aliquid eius modi scrlberem quo minus 
te praetermisisse ludos paeniteret. Quod si adsecutus 
80 sum, gaudeo ; sin minus, hoc me tamen consolor, quod 
posthac ad ludos venies nosque vises neque in epistulls 
relinques mels spem aliquam delectationis tuae. 



XXL A LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION 

{Fam. 7. 5). 

Cicero Caesari Imp. S. D. 

Vide quam mihi persuaserim te me esse alterum, non 

modo in iis rebus quae ad me ipsum, sed etiam in iis 

quae ad meos pertinent. C. Trebatium cogitaram, quo- 

cumque exlrem, mecum ducere, ut eum mels omnibus 

5 studils, beneficils quam ornatissimum domum reducerem; 



74. obire, visit. — lecticula, sedan- 
chair. 75. concursare, travel about. 
77. me . . . subinvitaras, had hinted 
to me. 

XXI. Written in April, 54 B.C., 
the year of Caesar's second invasion 
of Britain, of which he gives an ac- 
count in Book V. of the Bellum 
Gallicum. C. Trebatius Testa was 
a famous jurist; he was about to 
go out to Caesar in Gaul, that he 
might gain the military experience 
which was thought an important part 
of the Roman's preparation for a life 



of public service. Imp. (greeting), 
Imperatori. 1. te . . . alterum, that 
you are my second self. 3. meos, 
my friends. 4. mecum ducere : 
after Cicero's return from exile in 
57 B.C. he had carried a law intrust- 
ing to Pompey the control of the 
grain supply for five years, and had 
been appointed one of his deputies 
(legati). Pompey was now also 
governor of Spain, and Cicero may 
at one time have thought of ac- 
companying him to that province, 
but Pompey remained at Rome. 



A LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION. 53 

sed postea quam et Pompei commoratio diuturnior erat 
quam putaram, et mea quaedam tibi non igndta dubi- 
tatio aut impedlre profectionem raeam videbatur aut 
certc tardare, vide quid mihi sumpserim. Coepi velle 
ea Trebatium exspectare a te quae sperasset a me, 10 
neque mehercule minus el prolixe de tua voluntate pro- 
mlsl quam eram solitus de mea polliceii. Casus vero 
mirificus quidam intervenit quasi vel testis opmionis 
meae vel sponsor humanitatis tuae. Nam cum de hoc 
ipso Trebatio cum Balbo nostro loquerer accuratius 15 
domT meae, litterae mihi dantur a te, quibus in extre- 
mis scrlptum erat : ' M. Iteium, quern mihi commendas, 
vel regem Galliae faciam, vel hunc Leptae delega, si 
vis. Tu ad me alium mitte quern ornem.' Sustulimus 
manus et ego et Balbus. Tanta fuit opportunitas ut 20 
illud nescio quid non fortuitum, sed divlnum videretur. 
Mitto igitur ad te Trebatium, atque ita mitto ut initio 
mea sponte, post autem invitatu tuo mittendum duxe- 
rim. Hunc, ml Caesar, sic velim omnl tua comitate 
complectare ut omnia quae per me possls adduc! ut in 25 
meos conferre veils in unum hunc conferas. De quo 
tibi homine haec spondeo, non illo vetere verbo meo 
quod, cum ad te de Milone scrlpsissem, iure lusisti, sed 
more Romano, quo modo homines non inept! loquun- 
tur, probiorem hominem, meliorem virum, pudentiorem 30 

7. dubitatio, irresolution. 11. pro- 22. ita mitto ut, I send him in the 
lixe, freely. 12. Casus, coincidence, belief that. 24. tua comitate, your 
14. sponsor, pledge. 15. Balbo, Cae- accustomed kindness. 28. Milone, 
sar's agent at Rome. — accuratius, the murderer of Clodius. 29. more 
somewhat earnestly. 18. delega, in- Romano, i.e. with Roman bluntness 
trust. 21. divinum, providential. I and sincerity. — inepti, without sense. 



54 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



esse neminem. Accedit etiam quod familiam ducit in 
iure civil! singularl memoria, summa scientia. Huic 
ego neque tribunatum neque praefecturam neque ulllus 
beneficl certum nomen peto, benevolentiam tuam et 

35 liberalitatem peto, neque impedio quo minus, s! tibi 
ita placuerit, etiam hlsce eum ornes gloriolae Insignibus. 
Totum denique hominem tibi ita trado, 'de manu,' ut 
aiunt, ' in manum ' tuam istam et victoria et fide prae- 
stantem. Sim us enim putidiusculT, quamquam per te 

4° vix licet; verum, ut video, licebit. Cura ut valeas et 
me, ut amas, araa. 



XXII. CICERO QUOTES FROM ENNIUS 
{Fam. 7. 6). 

Cicero S. D. Trebatio. 

In omnibus meis epistulls quas ad Caesarem aut ad 
Balbum mitto legitima quaedam est accessi5 commenda- 
tionis tuae, nee ea vulgaris, sed cum aliquo Inslgnl in- 
dicio meae erga te benevolentiae. Tu modo ineptias 
5 istas et desideria urbis et urbanitatis depone et, quo 
consilio profectus es, id adsiduitate et virtute conse- 
quere. Hoc tibi tarn Tgnoscemus nos amicl quam Igno- 
verunt Medeae, 



31. familiam, profession. 32. me- 
moria, scientia, abl. of cause, y^. ul- 
lius . . . nomen, any particular favor 
by name. 35. impedio, object. 39. pu- 
tidiusculi, a little troublesome. 

XXII. 2. legitima, regular. — 
accessio, addition. — commendatio- 



nis, appositional gen. 3. tuae, = 
tui. 4. ineptias . . . desideria, silly 
longing. 5. urbanitatis, the life of 
the city. 6. adsiduitate, persever- 
ance. 7. Hoc, i.e. your absence from 
Rome. 8. Medeae: the quotations 
that follow are from the Medea Ex- 



NO GOLD OR SILVER IN BRITAIN. 55 

quae Corinthum arcem altam habebant, matronae opulentae, 
optimates, 

quibus ilia manibus gypsatissimis persuasit ne sibi vitio 10 

illae verterent quod abesset a patria. Nam 

mult! suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria procul ; 
multi, qui domi aetatem agerent, propterea sunt improbati. 

Quo in numero tu certe fuisses, nisi te extrusissemus. 

Sed plura scribemus alias. Tu, qui ceteris cavere didi- 15 

cistl, in Britannia ne ab essedarils decipiaris caveto et, 

quoniam Medeam coepi agere, illud semper memento: 

Qui ipse sibi sapiens prodesse non quit, nequlquam sapit. 

Cura ut valeas. 

XXIII. NO GOLD OR SILVER IN BRITAIN 

(Fam. 7. 7). 

Cicero Trebatio. 

Ego te commendare non desist5, sed quid proficiam 
ex te scire cupio. Spem maximam habeo in Balbo, ad 
quern de te dlligentissime et saepissime scrlbo. Illud 
soleo mlrarl, non me totiens accipere tuas litteras quo- 
tiens a QuTnto mihi fratre adferantur. In Britannia 5 

sul of Ennius, which was adapted ; 13. improbati, censured. 14. te 
from the Medea of Euripides. 9. ha- extrusissemus, had thrust you out. 
bebant, = habitabant. — matronae, 15. alias, at another time. — ceteris 



subj. of ignoverunt. 10. gypsatissi- 
mis, covered with gypsum ; actors 
used gypsum to whiten their hands 
and arms. II. verterent, impute. 
— patria: Medea was a native of 
Colchis; she had fled from home 
with Jason, the leader of the Argo- 
nauts. 12. patria, aid. with procul. 



cavere. to look out for the security of 
other men, i.e. as a lawyer. 16. esse- 
dariis, charioteers, the warriors who 
fought from the essedum. 17. agere, 
to play the part of 18. quit, = po- 
test. 

XXIII. 5. Quinto: this was the 
year (54 B.C.) of his life and death 



56 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



nihil esse audio neque aurl neque argent!. Id si ita est, 
essedum aliquod capias suadeo et ad nos quam prlmum 
recurras. Sin autem sine Britannia tamen adsequl quod 
volumus possumus, perfice ut sis in familiaribus Caesaris. 
Multum te in eo frater adiuvabit meus, multum Balbus, 
sed, mihi crede, tuus pudor et labor plurimum. Impe- 
ratorem habes llberalissimum, aetatem opportunissimam, 
commendationem certe singularem, ut tibi unum timen- 
dum sit, ne ipse tibi defuisse videare. 



XXIV. CICERO BANTERS TREBATIUS 

(Fam. 7. 16. 2, 3). 

Ego si forls cenitarem, Cn. Octavio, familiarl tuo, n5n 
def uissem ; cui tamen dlxi, cum me aliquotiens invlta- 
ret : ' Oro te, quis tu es ? ' Sed mehercules, extra 
iocum, homo bellus est ; vellem eum tecum abduxisses. 
Quid agatis et ecquid in Italiam venturl sltis hac hieme 
fac plane sciam. Balbus mihi confirmavit te dlvitem 
futurum. Id utrum Romano more locutus sit, bene 
nummatum te futurum, an quo modo Stoic! dlcunt, 
omnls esse dlvites qui caelo et terra frul possint, postea 
videbo. Qui istinc veniunt superbiam tuam accusant, 



struggle with the Gallic insurgents. 
8. quod volumus, i.e. the prefer- 
ment of Trebatius. 12. aetatem : 
Trebatius was at this time about 
thirty-five. 

XXIV. 1. si foris cenitarem, 
if I were in the habit of dining 
out. 3. extra iocum, joking apart. 
4. homo bellus, a fine fellow. 5. ec- 



quid . . . sitis, whether you are com- 
ing at all ; Caesar usually spent the 
winter in Gallia Cisalpina, that he 
might watch the course of events 
at Rome, but during the winter of 
54-53 B.C. he thought it necessary 
to remain with his army at Samaro- 
briva (Amiens). 7. Romano more, 
literally. — bene nummatum, well 



TREBATIUS AN INDIFFERENT SOLDIER. 57 

quod negent te percontantibus respondere. Sed tamen 
est quod gaudeas. Constat enim inter omnls neminem 
te uno Samarobrlvae iuris perltiorem esse. 

XXV. TREBATIUS AN IX T DIFFERENT SOL- 
DI KR {Fam. 7. 10. 1, 2). 

M. Cicero S. D. Trebatio. 

Leg! tuas litteras, ex quibus intellexl te Caesar! no- 
stro valde iure consultum videri. Est quod gaudeas te 
in ista loca venisse ubi aliquid sapere viderere. Quod 
si in Britanniam quoque profectus esses, profecto nemo 
in ilia tanta Insula peritior te fuisset. Verum tamen — 5 
rldeamus licet, sum enim a te invltatus — subinvideo 
tibi, ultro etiam arcessltum ab eo ad quern ceterl non 
propter superbiam eius, sed propter occupationem ad- 
splrare non possunt. Sed tu in ista epistula nihil mihi 
scrlpsistl de tins rebus, quae mehercule mihi non minorl 10 
curae sunt quam meae. Valde metuo ne frlgeas in 
hlbernls. Quam ob rem camlno luculento utendum 
censed; idem Mucio et Manlli5 placebat, praesertim 
qui sagls non abundares. Quamquam vos nunc istic 
satis calere audio, quo quidem nuntio valde mehercule 15 



supplied with money, ii. respon- 
dere, a sorry pun, answer questions 
and give advice, in the latter sense 
a legal term. 

XXV. 2. iure consultum, = iu- 
ris peritus. 6. subinvideo tibi, / 
am a bit envious of you. 7. eo, i.e. 
Caesar. 8. adspirare, in the sense 
in which the En£. derivative is used. 



12. camino luculento, a brig/it fire, 
literally stove. 13. idem . . . place- 
bat : Cicero cites two famous legal 
authorities. 14. sagis : the sagum, 
military cloak, was emblematic of 
war, as the toga was emblematic of 
peace, and Cicero may be joking 
Trebatius upon his disinclination to 
war. 15. calere: word had reached 



58 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



de te timueram. Sed tu in re mllitarl multo es cautior 
quam in advocationibus, qui neque in Oceano natare 
volueris, studiosissimus homo natandl, neque spectare 
essedarios, quern antea ne andabata quidem defraudare 
20 poteramus. 



XXVI. THE TRUE NOBILITY IS THAT OF 
WORTH (Fam. 3. 7. 5). 

Illud Idem Pausania dlcebat te dlxisse : 'Quid ni? 
Appius Lentulo, Lentulus Ampio processit obviam, 
Cicero Appio noluit ? ' Quaeso, etiamne tu has inep- 
tias, homo mea sententia summa prudentia, multa etiam 
5 doctrlna, plurimo rerum usu, addo urbanitatem, quae est 
virtus, ut StoicI rectissime putant, ullam Appietatem aut 
Lentulitatem valere apud me plus quam ornamenta vir- 
tutis exlstimas ? Cum ea consecutus nondum eram quae 



Rome that the Gauls under Ambio- 
rix were making it warm for Cae- 
sar's army. 17. advocationibus, 
legal consultations. — qui . . . pote- 
ramus : an allusion to the fact that 
Trebatius had not taken part in the 
expedition to Britain. 19. anda- 
bata : these were gladiators who 
fought blindfold ; in essedarios there 
may be a reference to another class 
of gladiators, who fought from char- 
iots. 

XXVI. Written in February, 50 
B.C. Cicero was from the last of 
July, 51 B.C., to the first of August, 
50 B.C., in Asia Minor as governor 
of Cilicia. In 52 B.C. Pompey had 



carried a law providing that the 
governors of provinces should be 
consulares and praetorii of five 
years' standing; for five years after 
the passage of this law ex-magis- 
trates who had not yet had a pro- 
vincial government were called into 
service, and Cicero among them. 
His predecessor was Appius Clau- 
dius Pulcher, to whom this letter 
is addressed. 1. Quid ni? Indeed? 
2. Lentulo, Ampio : Lentulus pre- 
ceded Appius and succeeded Am- 
pius. 3. etiam, often used in an 
impatient question ; cf. tandem. 
5. urbanitatem, refinement. 6. ul- 
lam . . . Lentulitatem, in app. with 



HUNTING PANTHERS FOR A CURULE A.EDILE. 



59 



sunt hominum opmionibus amplissima, taraen ista vestra 
nomina numquam sum admlratus; viroseos qui eavobis 10 
rellquissent magnos arbitrabar. Postea vero quam ita 
et cepl et gessl maxima imperia ut mihi nihil neque ad 
honorem neque ad gloriam adqulrendum putarem, supe- 
riorem quidem numquam, sed parem vobls me speravi 
esse factum. Nee mehercule aliter vidl exlstimare vol 15 
Cn. Pompeium, quern omnibus qui umquam fuerunt, vel 
P. Lentulum, quern mihi ipsl antepono. Tu si aliter 
existimas, nihil errabis, si paulo cliligentius, ut quid sit 
evyeveLa, quid sit nobilitas intellegas, Athenodorus, San- 
donis filius, quid de his rebus dlcat attenderis. 20 

XXVII. HUNTING PANTHERS FOR A 
CURULE AEDILE (Fam. 2. n). 

M. Cicero Imp. S. D. M. Caelio AedHI Curuli. 

Putaresne umquam accidere posse ut mihi verba de- 
essent, neque solum ista vestra oratoria, sed haee etiam 
levia nostratia ? Desunt autem propter hanc causam, 
quod mlrifice sum sollicitus quidnam de provincils de- 
cernatur. Allrum me deslderium tenet urbis, incredibile 5 



has ineptias. 12. imperia, magis- 
tracies. 19. cv'ye'vcia, nobility of 
birth. — nobilitas, nobility of worth. 
— Athenodorus, a Stoic philoso- 
pher, the tutor of Augustus. 

XXVI I. Written April 4th, 50 
B.C. M. Caelius Rufus had been 
defended by Cicero in 56 B.C. against 
the charge of attempted murder (de 



vi) ; his speech (pro Caelio) is still 
extant. Imp. (greeting) : Cicero 
had been hailed Imperator by his 
soldiers after a successful expedition 
against some mountain tribes of his 
province. 3. levia nostratia, the 
simple words of our mother tongue, 
i.e. of the sermo cottidianus. 4. quod 
. . . decernatur : Cicero was anxious 



6o 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



meorum atque in prlmis tul, satietas autem provinciae, 
vel quia videmur earn famam consecuti ut non tarn 
accessio quaerenda quam fortuna metuenda sit, vel quia 
totum negotium non est dlgnum vlribus nostrls, qui 

io maiora onera in re publica sustinere et possim et so- 
leam, vel quia belli magnl timor impendet, quod vide- 
mur effugere si ad constitutam diem decedemus. De 
panthens, per eos qui venarl solent agitur mandatu meo 
diligenter ; sed mlra paucitas est, et eas quae sunt valde 

is aiunt queri quod nihil cuiquam Insidiarum in mea pro- 
vincia nisi sibi flat. Itaque constituisse dlcuntur in 
Cariam ex nostra provincia decedere. Sed tamen se- 
dulo fit, et in prlmis a Patlsco. Quicquid erit, tibi erit, 
sed quid esset plane nesciebamus. Mihi mehercule 

20 magnae curae est aedllitas tua. Ipse dies me admone- 
bat, scripsl enim haec ipsls Megalensibus. Tu velim 
ad me de omni rei piiblicae statu quam diligentissime 
perscrlbas, ea enim certissima putabo quae ex te 
cognoro. 



that his successor should be ap- 
pointed, that he might return to 
Rome immediately upon the termi- 
nation of his year of office on July 
30th. 8. fortuna, i.e. a change of 
fortune, n. belli magni, with the 
Parthians, who since the battle of 
Carrhae had been threatening Asia 
Minor; at this time and for many 
years they were considered the most 
formidable of the foes of Rome. 
15. quod . . . fiat : Cicero's ad- 
ministration had been remarkably 
free from the corruption and cru- 



elty that characterized Roman pro- 
vincial government. 17. sedulo, = 
diligenter. 19. nesciebamus, ad- 
monebat, scripsi, epistolary tenses. 
21. Megalensibus, the Megalensia 
was a festival in honor of Cybele, 
celebrated from April 4th to 10th; 
the games at this festival were in 
charge of the curule aediles. 23. per- 
scribas, write in detail ; during his 
absence in Cilicia Cicero depended 
upon Caelius for the political news of 
Rome, and Bk. VIII. ad Fam. is made 
up entirely of the latter's letters. 



CICERO AND HIS SECRETARY. 6l 

XXVIII. CICERO AND HIS SECRETARY 
(Fa m. 1 6. i). 

Tullius T116111 Suo S. P. D. et Cicero Meus et Frater et 
Fratris F. 

Paulo facilius putavl posse me fcrrc deslderium tin, 
sed plane non fero, et quamquam magnl ad honorem 
nostrum interest quam primum ad urbem me venire, 
tamen peccasse mihi videor, qui a. te discesserim ; sed 
quia tua voluntas ea videbatur esse ut prorsus nisi con- 5 
flrmato corpore nolles navigare, approbavl tuum consi- 
lium, neque nunc muto, s! tu in eadem es sententia. 
Sin autem postea quam cibum cepistl, videris tibi posse 
me consequl, tuum consilium est. Marionem ad te eo 
mlsl, ut aut tecum ad me quam primum venlret aut, si 10 
tu morarere, statim ad me redlret. Tu autem hoc tibi 
persuade, si commodo valetudinis tuae fieri possit, nihil 
me malle quam te esse mecum ; si autem intelleges opus 
esse te Patrls convalescendl causa paulum commorarl, 
nihil me malle quam te valere. Si statim navigas, nos 15 
Leucade consequere ; sin te conflrmare vis, et comites 
et tempestates et navem idoneam ut habeas dlligenter 



XXVIII. Written November 3d, 
50 B.C., on the journey from Cilicia. 
Tiro was sick, and on November 2d 
Cicero had been obliged to leave 
him behind at Patrae in Achaia. 
Suo, Meus (greeting) : notice the 
change of person. 2. plane, at all 
well. — honorem : Cicero hoped to 
be granted a triumph for his military 
successes in Cilicia. 3. ad urbem, 



i.e. into the neighborhood of Rome; 
Cicero could not enter the city until 
the question of his triumph was de- 
cided without forfeiting his military 
imperium and all claim to a tri- 
umph. 5. prorsus . . . nolles, you 
were altogether unwilling. 9. tuum 
consilium est, it is for you to decide 
what to do. — Marionem, a slave. 
12. COmmodo, without injury to. 



62 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



videbis. Unum illud, ml Tiro, videto, si me amas, ne 
te Marionis adventus et hae litterae moveant. Quod 

20 valetudini tuae maxime conducet si feceris, maxime 
obtemperaris voluntati meae. Haec pro tuo ingeni5 
consldera. Nos ita te deslderamus ut amemus ; amor 
ut valentem videamus hortatur, desiderium ut quam 
prlmum. Illud igitur potius. Cura ergo potissimum 

2 5 ut valeas ; de tuls innumerabilibus in me officils erit 
hoc gratissimum. in. Nonas Novembrls. 



XXIX. CICERO AS AN EPICURE (Fam. 9. 20). 

Cicero Paeto. 

Dupliciter delectatus sum tuls litterls, et quod ipse 
rlsi et quod te intellexi iam posse rldere. Me autem a 
te, ut scurram velitem, malls oneratum esse non mo- 
leste tuli. Illud doleo, in ista loca venire me, ut con- 
stitueram, non potuisse ; habuisses enim non hospitem, 
sed contubernalem. At quem virum ! Non eum quem 
tu es solitus promulside conficere. Integram famem ad 
ovum adfero, itaque usque ad assum vitulmum opera 



18. videbis, a polite equivalent of 
vide, found chiefly in familiar dic- 
tion. 21. obtemperaris voluntati 
meae, will consult my wishes. 22. ita 
. . . ut amemus, only so far as our 
love allows. 

XXIX. Written early in August, 
46 B.C. 3. scurram velitem, a skir- 
mishing wit ; perhaps scurram refers 
to the professional diner-out, who 
paid for the dinners he ate by his 
contribution to the amusement of 



the guests. There will then be a 
pun in malis oneratum, overwhelmed 
with abuse (inalis) and pelted with 
apples {inalis), as the scurra might 
be at a boisterous dinner. 6. contu- 
bernalem, boon companion. 7. pro- 
mulside, appetizer ; this first course 
of the dinner might include eggs, 
pickles, shell-fish, vegetables, salted 
fish, olives, and similar dish es, and mtd- 
sum, a drink made of wine and honey. 
8. assum vitulinum, the roast veal. 



CICERO AS AN EPitURE. 6$ 

perducitur. Ilia mea quae solebas antea Iaudare, ' O 
hominem facilem ! O hospitem non gravem ! ' abierunt. 10 
Nam omnem nostram de re publica curam, cogitationem 
de dicenda in senatu sententia, commentationem causa- 
rum abiecimus ; in Epicuri nos, adversari nostrl, castra 
coniecimus, nee tamen ad banc msolentiam, sed ad illam 
tuam lautitiam, veterem died, cum in sumptum habebas, 15 
etsl numquam plura praedia habuistl. Proinde te para. 
Cum homine et edaci tibi res est et qui iam aliquid 
intellegat ; oyfrifMaOeU autem homines scls quam Inso- 
lentes sint. Dediscendae tibi sunt sportellae et arto- 
laganl tui. Nos iam ex arte ista tantum habemus ut 20 
Verrium tuum et Camillum — qua munditia homines, 
qua elegantia! — vocare saepius audeamus. Sed vide 
audaciam. Etiam Hlrtio cenara dedl, sine pavone ta- 
men. In ea cena cocus meus praeter ius fervens nihil 
non potuit imitarl. Haec igitur est nunc vita nostra : 25 

11. Nam . . . curam: the senato- of the war. Paetus had suffered finan- 

rial party had been completely over- cial loss as a creditor. 17. edaci, 

thrown by the defeat at Thapsus on who has a good appetite. 18. 6v|/i- 

April 6th, and Cicero despaired of p.a0€ts. who have learned late. 

the republic. 12. commentationem, 19. Dediscendae, unlearn, forget. 

preparation. 14. hanc insolen- — sportellae, little baskets, used 

tiam, the prevailing extravagance, evidently for some article of food; 

15. lautitiam, elegin re. — cum. . . perhaps there is heridiadys with 

habebas, when you had money to artolagani, little baskets of cakes, 

spend. 16. etsi . . . habuisti : 21. munditia, niceness. 22. vo- 

the value of land had depreciated care, ask to dinner. 23. Hirtio, 

throughout Italy in consequence of the author of Book VIII. of the 

the civil war, and in 49 B.C. Caesar Helium Gallicum, who lost his life 



had provided for the relief of debt- 
ors by a law which required creditors 
to accept property in payment of 



debt at its value before the outbreak ury. 24. COCUS, cook. — ius, sauce 



at Mutina in 53 B.C. — pavone, 
peacock, first served by Ilortensius, 
and now become a fashionable lux- 



6 4 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



mane salutamus domi et bonos viros multos, sed trlstis, 
et hos laetos victores, qui me quidem perofficiose et 
peramanter observant. Ubi salutatio defluxit, littens 
me involvo ; aut scrlbo aut lego. Veniunt etiam qui 

30 me audiunt quasi doctum hominem, quia paulo sum 
quam ipsl doctior. Inde corporl omne tempus datur. 
Patriam eluxi iam et gravius et diutius quam ulla mater 
unicum filium. Sed cura, si me amas, ut valeas, ne 
ego te iacente bona tua comedim. Statu! enim tibi ne 

35 aegroto quidem parcere. 



XXX. THE PARDON OF MARCELLUS 
(from Fam. 4. 4). 

Uno te vlcimus, quod de Marcelli, conlegae tuT, salute 
paulo ante quam tu cognovimus ; etiam mehercule, 
quod quern ad modum ea res ageretur vidimus. Nam 
sic fac existimes, post has miserias, id est, postquam 
s armis disceptarl coeptum est de iure publico, nihil esse 
actum aliud cum dignitate. Nam et ipse Caesar accu- 
sata. acerbitate Marcelli — sic enim appellabat — lauda- 



26. salutamus, greet; the visitors 
called in accordance with custom 
to pay their respects to the great 
man; this formal morning call was 
called salutatio. — bonos viros, the 
defeated Pompeians. 28. defluxit, 
is over. 31. corpori, i.e. to exercise, 
the bath, and dinner. 32. eluxi, 
have mourned ; the prefix denotes 
that the period of mourning has 
been completed. 34. comedim, eat 
tip. 35. aegroto, = aegro. 



XXX. Written in September 01 
October, 46 B.C., to Servius Sulpi- 
cius, who was administering the 
province of Achaia. M. Marcellus 
had during his consulship (51 B.C.) 
shown himself a most bitter enemy 
of Caesar, and since Pharsalus had 
been living in voluntary exile at My- 
tilene. I. Uno, in one respect. — 
conlegae, in the consulship of 51 
B.C. — salute, restoration. 6. et 
ipse Caesar: there is a slight ana- 



THE PARDON" OF MARCELLl - 65 

taque honorificentissime et aequitate tua et prudentia 
repente practer spem dixit se senatul rogantl de Mar- 
cello ne hominis quidem causa negaturum. Fecerat 10 
autem hoc senatus, ut cum a L. Plsone mentio esset 
facta de Marcello et cum C. Marcellus se ad Caesaris 
pedes abiecisset, cunctus consurgeret et ad Caesarem 
supplex accederet. Noll quaerere. Ita mihi pulcher 
hie dies visus est ut speciem aliquam viderer videre 15 
quasi revlviscentis re! publicae. Itaque cum omnes 
ante me rogatl gratias Caesar! egissent praeter Volca- 
cium — is enim, si eo loco esset, negavit se facturum 
fuisse — , ego rogatus mutavl meum consilium. Nam 
statueram non mehercule inertia, sed deslderio prlstinae 20 
dignitatis in perpetuum tacere. Fregit hoc meum con- 
silium et Caesaris magnitudo animl et senatus officium. 
Itaque pluribus verbis egi Caesarl gratias, meque metuo 
ne etiam in ceteris rebus honesto otio prlvarim, quod 
erat unum solacium in malls. Sed tamen, quoniam 25 
effugi eius offensionem, qui fortasse arbitraretur me 
hanc rem publicam non putare, si perpetuo tacerem, 
modice hoc faciam aut etiam intra modum, ut et illlus 
voluntati et mels studils serviam. Nam etsl a prima 
aetate me omnis ars et doctrlna llberalis et maxime 3° 
philosophia delectavit, tamen hoc studium cottldie 

coluthon, Fecerat autem senatus \ sc. sententiam. 18. eo loco, i.e. in 
standing for et senatus fecerat. \ Caesar's place. 20. inertia, disincli- 
10. hominis . . . causa, to satisfy nation. — desiderio, regret. 22. of- 



his personal feeling. 12. C. Marcel- 
lus, cousin of Marcus. 13. cunctus, 
in a body. 14. Noli quaerere, = 



ficium, loyalty. 23. Itaque . . . 
gratias, in the Oratio pro J/. M'ar- 
cello so called. 27. rem publicam, 



quid quaeris, in short. 1 7. rogati, a constitutional government. 28. hoc 
COR. OF CIC. — 5 



66 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



ingravescit, credo et aetatis maturitate ad prudentiam 
et iis temporum vitils, ut nulla res alia levare animum 
molestils possit. A quo studio te abducl negotils intel- 
35 lego ex tuis litterls, sed tamen aliquid iam noctes te 
adiuvabunt. 

XXXI. A PILFERING LIBRARIAN 
(Fam. 13. 77. 3). 

Praeterea a te peto in maiorem modum pr5 nostra 
amicitia et pro tuo perpetuo in me studio ut in hac 
re etiam elabores. Dionysius, servus meus, qui meam 
bibliothecen multorum nummorum tractavit, cum mul- 

s tos libros subripuisset nee se impune laturum putaret, 
aufugit. Is est in provincia tua; eum et M. Bolanus, 
meus familiaris, et mult! alii Naronae vlderunt, sed cum 
se a me manumissum esse diceret, crediderunt. Hunc 
tu si mihi restituendum curaris, non possum dlcere quam 

10 mihi gratum futurum sit. Res ipsa parva, sed animi 
mei dolor magnus est. Ubi sit et quid fieri possit, 
Bolanus te docebit. Ego si hominem per te reciperaro, 
summo me a te beneficio adfectum arbitrabor. 



faciam, i.e. take part in the deliber- 
ations of the senate. 32. ingrave- 
scit, grows more earnest. — aetatis 
. . . prudentiam, because I have now 
come to the age of full mental vigor. 
35. noctes, i.e. because they were 
growing longer. 

XXXI. 1 . in maiorem modum, 
very earnestly. 3. elabores, do your 
best to assist me ; notice the force of 



the prefix. 4. bibliothecen, Greek 
form, = bibliothecam. — multorum 
nummorum, = magni fireti, pretio- 
sani. — tractavit, had charge of 
6. provincia tua: the letter is ad- 
dressed to the Roman commander 
in Illyricum. 7. Naronae, a city of 
Dalmatia, one of the divisions of 
Illyricum. 12. hominem, the fellow ; 
used contemptuously for eum. 



A FAMILY TEDIGREE. 



6 7 



XXXII. A FAMILY PEDIGREE (Fam. 9. 21). 

Cicero Paeto S. 

Ain tandem? Insanlre tibi videris, quod imitere ver- 

borum meorum, ut scrlbis, fulmina? Turn msanlres, si 
consequi non posses; cum vero etiam vincas, me prius 
inrldeas quam te oportet. Qua re nihil tibi opus est 
illud a Trabea, sed potius airoreuyfia meum. Verum 5 
tamen quid tibi ego videor in epistulls ? Nonne plebeio 
sermone agere tecum ? Nee enim semper eodem modo. 
Quid enim simile habet epistula aut iudicio aut con- 
dom? QuTn ipsa iudicia non solemus omnia tractare 
uno modo. Privates causas, et eas tenuis, agimus sub- 10 
tllius, capitis aut famae scilicet ornatius ; epistulas vero 
cottldianls verbis texere solemus. Sed tamen, mi Paete, 
qui tibi venit in mentem negare Paplrium quemquam 
umquam nisi plebeium fuisse ? Fuerunt enim patricil 
minorum gentium, quorum prlnceps L. Paplrius Mugil- 15 
lanus, qui censor cum L. Sempronio Atratlno fuit, cum 
ante consul cum eodem fuisset, annls post Romam con- 
ditam cccxn. Sed turn Paplsil dlcebaminl. Post hunc 
xiii. fuerunt sella curull ante L. Paplrium Crassum, qui 



XXXII. 1. Ain tandem? /«- 

5. illud, that quotation ; 
Trabea was an early writer of come- 
dies. — AiroTevyfia, failure ; sc. est. 
8. iudicio, the address to a jury. — 
contioni, a political speech. 10. te- 
nuis, of slight importance. — sub- 
tilius, more simply. 12. texere, 
compose. 13. qui, the adv. — Papi- 



rium : the Paeti were a family of 
the Papiria gens. 15. minorum 
gentium : the minora gentes were 
clans which had been incorporated 
into the early settlement on the 
Palatine and ennobled, as distin- 
guished from the clans of the orig- 
inal settlers there (maiores gentes). 
19. sella curuli, abl. of description. 



68 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



20 primus Papisius est vocarl desitus. Is dictator cum L. 
Paplrio Cursore magistro equitum factus est annis post 
Romam conditam ccccxv. et quadriennio post c5nsul 
cum K. Duilio. Hunc secutus est Cursor, homo valde 
honoratus ; deinde L. Maso aedillcius ; inde multl Ma- 

25 sones. Quorum quidem tu omnium patriciorum imagi- 
nes habeas volo. Deinde Carbones et TurdI Insequuntur. 
Hi plebeil fuerunt, quos contemnas censeo. Nam prae- 
ter hunc C. Carbonem quern Damasippus occidit, clvis 
e re publica Carbonum nemo fuit. Cognovimus Cn. 

3° Carbonem et eius fratrem scurram. Quid his impro- 
bius ? De h5c amlco meo, Rubriae fllio, nihil dlco. 
Tres illl fratres fuerunt, C, Cn., M. Carbones. Marcus 
P. Flacco accusante est condemnatus, fur magnus, ex 
Sicilia ; Gaius accusante L. Crasso cantharidas sump- 

35 sisse dlcitur. Is et tribunus pi. seditiosus et P. Africa.no 
vim attulisse exlstimatus est. Hoc ver5 qui Lilybael a 
Pompeio nostro est interfectus improbior nemo me5 
iudicio fuit. lam pater eius accusatus a M. Ant5- 



20. Papisius : i- between two vow- 
els was everywhere in Latin words 
changed to r at an early stage in 
the development of the language; 
this change is known as rhotacism. 
23. valde honoratus: he was one 
of the Roman leaders in the Second 
Samnite War, and was twice dicta- 
tor and five times consul. 24. aedi- 
licius, the ex-aedile, i.e. who rose to 
the aedileship. 25. imagines: the 
imagines of those who had filled 
some curule magistracy could alone 
be set up in the atrium of the house 



of the descendant and carried in 
funeral processions. 28. occidit, in 
82 B.C. as a partisan of Sulla. — 
civis e re publica, a useful citi- 
zen. 29. Cn. Carbonem, the Marian 
leader. 34. Gaius : he had at one 
time supported the Gracchi, and 
his political apostasy did not save 
him. — L. Crasso, the orator. — 
cantharidas, cantharis, a poison. 

35. P. Africano, the younger. 

36. Hoc, Cn. Carbo, the Marian 
leader. 38. pater, the third of the 
brothers mentioned above; he was 



A MONUMENT TO TULLIA. 69 

nio sutorio atramento absolutus putatur. Qua re ad 
patres censeo revertare ; plebeil quam fuerint impor- 4° 
tuni vides. 

XXXIII. CICERO GRIEVES FOR TULLIA 

(from Att. 12. 15). 

In hac solitudine careo omnium conloquio, cumque 
mane me in silvam abstrusl densam et asperam, non 
exeo inde ante vesperum. Secundum te nihil est mihi 
amicius solitudine. In ea mihi omnis sermo est cum 
litteris; eum tamen interpellat fletus, cui repugno, 5 
quoad possum, sed adhuc pares non sumus. 

XXXIV. A MONUMENT TO TULLIA 
{Att. 12. 18. 1). 

Cicero Attico Sal. 

Dum recordati5nes fugio, quae quasi morsu quodam 
dolorem efnciunt, refugio ad te admonendum, quod 
velim mihi Ignoscas, cuicuimodl est. Etenim habeo 
non nullos ex ils quos nunc lectito auctores qui dlcant 
fieri id oportere quod saepe tecum eg! et quod a te 5 
approbaii volo. De fan5 illo dlco, de quo tantum quan- 



defeated by the Cimbri at Noreia in 
113 B.C. — M. Antonio, the orator. 
39. sutorio atramento, shoemaker's 
blacking, a poison. 

XXXIII. Written March 9th, 45 
B.C. Cicero had lost his beloved 



villa at Astura, the solitude of which 
was grateful in his sorrow. 1. careo, 
I withdraw from. 2. abstrusi, have 
buried myself. 

XXXIV. Written March nth, 
45 B.C. 3. cuicuimodi, for cuius- 



daughter, Tullia, in the middle of cuius modi, gen. of quisquis mo- 
February, and he was now at his dus. 4. lectito, freq. of lego. 



70 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



turn me amas velim cogites. Equidem neque de genere 
dubito — placet enim mihi CluatI — , neque de re — sta- 
tutum est enim — , de loco non numquam. Velim igitur 

io cogites. Ego, quantum his temporibus tarn erudltis fieri 
poterit, profecto illam consecrabo omnI genere monu- 
mentorum ab omnium ingenils scriptorum et Graecorum 
et Latmorum, quae res forsitan sit refricatura vulnus 
meum. Sed iam quasi voto quodam et promisso me 

1 5 teneri puto, longumque illud tempus cum non ero 
magis me movet quam hoc exiguum, quod mihi tamen 
nimium longum videtur. Habeo enim nihil temptatls 
rebus omnibus in quo adquiescam. Nam dum illud 
tractabam de quo ad te ante scrips!, quasi fovebam 

20 dolores meos ; nunc omnia respuo, nee quicquam habeo 
tolerabilius quam solitudinem, quam, quod eram veri- 
tus, non obturbavit Philippus. Nam ut herl me salu- 
tavit, statim Romam profectus est. 



XXXV. A LETTER OF CONDOLENCE 

{Fain. 4. 5). 

Servius Ciceroni S. 

Postea. quam mihi renuntiatum est de obitu Tulliae, 
filiae tuae, sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter moleste- 
que tuli, communemque earn calamitatem existimavT, 



7. genere, design, plan. 8. Cluati, 
an architect. 11. illam, Tullia. 
13. sit . . . meum, is likely to re- 
open 7ny wound. 18. illud: Cicero 
had begun to write for his own 
solace a treatise de luctu minuendo 



(Consolalio) ; it was never pub- 
lished. 20. respuo, relinquish. 

XXXV. Written in March, 45 
B.C., by Servius Sulpicius, the gov- 
ernor of Achaia. 2. sane quam, 
exceedingly. — pro eo ac, = ut. 



A LETTER OF CONDOLEN< I. 71 

qui, si istlc adfuissem, neque tibi defuissem coramque 

meuni dolorem tibi declarassem. Etsl genus hoc con- 5 
solutionis miserum atque acerbum est, propterea quia 
per quos ea confieri debet propinquos ac familiaris, il 
ips! pari molestia adficiuntur neque sine lacrimls mul- 
tls id conar! possunt, uti magis ipsi videantur aliorum 
consolatione indigere quam alils posse suum officium 10 
praestare, tamen quae in praesentia in mentem mihi 
venerunt decrevi brevl ad te perscrlbere, non quo ea 
te fugere exlstimem, sed quod forsitan dolore impedl- 
tus minus ea perspicias. Quid est quod tanto opere 
te commoveat tuns dolor intestlnus ? Cogita quern ad 15 
modum adhuc fortuna noblscum egerit. Ea nobis 
erepta esse quae hominibus non minus quam liber! 
cara esse debent, patriam, honestatem, dignitatem, ho- 
nores omnls. Hoc uno incommodo addito quid ad 
dolorem adiungl potuit? Aut qui non in illls rebus 20 
exercitatus animus callere iam debet atque omnia mino- 
ris exlstimare ? An illlus vicem, credo, doles ? Quo- 
tiens in earn cogitation em necesse est et tu veneris et 
nos saepe incidimus, hlsce temporibus non pessime cum 
ils esse actum quibus sine dolore licitum est mortem 25 
cum vita commutare! Quid autem fuit quod illam hoc 
tempore ad vlvendum magno opere invltare posset ? 
Quae res ? Quae spes ? Quod animl solacium ? Ut cum 
aliquo adulescente prlmario coniuncta aetatem gereret ? 



7. confieri, = confici. 12. brevi, adv. 
15. intestinus, private. 18. hone- 
statem, reputation. 20. illis re- 
bus, i.e. the fall of the republic. 



21. callere, to be insensible of pain. 

22. illius vicem, on her account. 

23. veneris, subj. with necesse est. 
29. primario, distinguished. — gere- 



72 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



3° Licitum est tibi, credo, pro tua dlgnitate ex hac iuven- 
tute generum dlligere, cuius fidel llberos tuos te tuto 
committere putares ? An ut ea llberos ex sese pareret, 
quos cum florentis videret laetaretur, qui rem a parente 
traditam per se tenere possent, honores ordinatim peti- 

35 turl essent, in re publica, in amlcorum negotils llbertate 
sua usurl? Quid horum fuit quod non prius quam 
datum est ademptum sit? 'Atvero malum est llberos 
amittere.' Malum; nisi hoc peius sit, haec sufferre et 
perpetl. Quae res mihi non mediocrem consolationem 

40 attulit, volo tibi commemorare, si forte eadem res tibi 
dolorem minuere possit. Ex Asia rediens cum ab 
Aegina Megaram versus navigarem, coepi regi5nes cir- 
cumcirca prospicere. Post me erat Aegina, ante me 
Megara, dextra Piraeus, sinistra Corinthus, quae oppida 

45 quodam tempore florentissima fuerunt, nunc prostrata 
et dlruta ante oculos iacent. Coepi egomet mecum sic 
cogitare : ' Hem ! nos homunculi indlgnamur, si quis 
nostrum interiit aut occlsus est, quorum vita brevior 
esse debet, cum uno loco tot oppidum cadavera pro- 

5° iecta iacent ? Vlsne tu te, Servl, cohibere et memi- 
nisse hominem te esse natum?' Crede mihi, cogitatione 
ea non mediocriter sum conflrmatus. Hoc idem, si tibi 
videtur, fac ante oculos tibi proponas. Modo uno tem- 



ret, = ageret, degeret. 32. liberos 
. . . pareret, might become the mother 
of sons. 34. ordinatim, i.e. one of- 
fice after the other, as they reached 
the age of eligibility; the Ciceronian 
word is ordine. 38. haec, what we 
are now suffering. 42. versus, adv. ; 



translate in the direction of Megara. 
— circumcirca, roundabout; = quae 
ciratmcirca erant. 45. quodam 
tempore, once upon a time. 49. ca- 
davera, ruins. 50. Visne, wit/ you 
not. 51. Crede mihi: formal prose 
has mihi crede. 53. Modo, but 



A LETTER OF CONDI '1.1 .V E. 



73 



pore tot virl clarissim! interierunt, de impend popull 
Roman! tanta deminutio facta est, o nines prdvinciae 55 
conquassatae sunt; in unlus mulierculae animula si 
iactura facta est, tanto opere commoveris ? Quae si 

hoc tempore non diem suum oblsset, panels post annls 
tamen el moriendum fuit, quoniam homo nata fuerat. 
Etiam tu ab hlsce rebus animum ac cogitationem tuam 60 
avoca atque ea potius reminlscere quae digna tua per- 
sona sunt : illam quam diu el opus fuerit vlxisse ; una 
cum re publica f uisse ; te, patrem suum, praetorem, con- 
sulem, augurem vidisse ; adulescentibus pnmariis nup- 
tam f uisse; omnibus bonis prope perfunctam esse; cum 65 
res publica occideret, vita excessisse. Quid est quod 
tu aut ilia cum fortuna hoc nomine querl possltis ? 
Denique noli te obllvlscl Ciceronem esse et eum qui 
alils consueris praecipere et dare consilium, neque imi- 
tarl malos medicos, qui in alienls morbls profitentur 7° 
tenere se mediclnae scientiam, ipsl se curare non pos- 
sunt ; sed potius, quae alils tute praecipere soles, ea 
tute tibi subice atque apud animum propone. Nullus 
dolor est quern non longinquitas temporis minuat ac 
molliat. Hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac 75 
n5n el rel sapientia tua te occurrere. Quod si qui etiam 
Inferls sensus est, qui illlus in te amor fuit pietasque in 



recently. 56. conquassatae, con- 
vulsed. — in . . . est, if the frail 
life of one little woman //as been 
lost. 58. diem suum, = diem supre- 
mum, mortem. 59. homo, mortal. 
61. persona, character. 64. adule- 
scentibus, Piso, Furius Crassipes, 



and Dolabella; all were patricians. 
67. hoc nomine, on (his score. 69. 
consueris, = consueveris. — imitari, 
coordinate with oblivisci. 73. tibi 
subice, give your attention to. 76. ei 
rei . . . occurrere, to hasten this re- 
sult. 77. qui . . . fuit, such was. 



74 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



omnis suos, hoc certe ilia te facere non vult. Da hoc 
ill! mortuae, da ceteris amicls ac familiaribus, qui tu5 

80 dolore maerent, da patriae ut, si qua in re opus sit, 
opera et consilio tuo utl possit. Denique quoniam in 
earn fortunam devenimus ut etiam huic rel nobis servi- 
endum sit, n5ll committere ut quisquam te putet non 
tarn filiam quam rel publicae tempora et aliorum victo- 

85 riam lugere. Plura me ad te de hac re sciibere pudet, ne 
videar prudentiae tuae diffldere. Qua re, si hoc unum 
proposuero, flnem faciam scrlbendl. Vidimus aliquo- 
tiens secundam pulcherrime te ferre fortunam magnam- 
que ex ea re te laudem apiscl; fac aliquand5 intellega- 

90 mus adversam quoque te aeque ferre posse neque id 
maius quam debeat tibi onus viderl, ne ex omnibus 
virtutibus haec una tibi videatur deesse. Quod ad me 
attinet, cum te tranquilliorem anim5 esse cognoro, de 
ils rebus quae hie geruntur, quern ad modumque se 

95 pr5vincia habeat certiorem faciam. Vale. 



XXXVI. THE VOTE OF DEC. 5, 63 B.C. 
(Att. 12. 21. 1). 



Cicero Attico Sal. 



Legl Brut! epistulam eamque tibi remisl, sane non 
prudenter rescrlptam ad ea quae requlsieras. Sed ipse 
vlderit. Quamquam illud turpiter Ignorat. Catonem 



78. hoc . . . facere, i.e. to grieve 
immoderately. 81. opera, serv- 
ices. 83. committere, give occa- 
sion. 89. apisci, = adipisci. 90. ae- 
que, with equal moderation. 



XXXVI. March 17th, 45 B.C. 
M. Brutus had written a eulogy of 
Cato Uticensis, in which he seemed 
to Cicero to have given undue credit 
to Cato for his part in the debate on 



THE VOTE OF DECEMBER 5, 63 B.C 75 

primura sententiam putat de animadversione dlxisse, 
quam omnes ante dixerant praeter Caesarem, et cum 5 
ipsius Caesaris tam severa fuerit, qui turn praetorio 
loco dixerit, consularium putat leniores fuisse, Catulf, 
Servill, Lucullorum, Curionis, Torquati, Lepidi, Gelll, 
VolcacT, Figull, Cottae, L. Caesaris, C. Plsonis, M\ Gla- 
brionis, etiam Silani, Murenae, deslgnatorum consilium. 10 
1 Cur ergo in sententiam Catonis ? ' Quia verbis lucu- 
lentioribus et pluribus rem eandem comprehenderat. 
Me autern hie laudat quod rettulerim, non quod pate- 
fecerim, cohortatus sim, quod denique ante quam con- 
sulerem ipse iudicaverim. Quae omnia, quia Cato 15 
laudibus extulerat in caelum perscrlbendaque censuerat, 
idcirco in eius sententiam est facta discessio. Hie 
autem se etiam tribuere multum mihi putat quod scrlp- 
serit 'optimum consulem.' Quis enim ieiunius dixit 
inimlcus ? Ad cetera vero tibi quern ad modum rescrlp- 20 
sit? Tantum rogat de senatus consulto ut corrigas. 
Hoc quidem fecisset, etiam si a librario admonitus esset. 
Sed haec iterum ipse vlderit. 



the punishment of the Catilinarian 
conspirators. All other authorities, 
however, agree in ascribing the de- 
cision for capital punishment to the 
effect produced by Cato's speech. 
5. Caesarem : he had advocated 
imprisonment for life and confisca- 
tion of the property of the conspira- 
tors. 6. praetorio loco : Caesar was 
praetor designates^ and spoke there- 
fore after the consulares and before 
the praetorii. 11. in sententiam, 
sc. discessio facta est, Why then was 



the vote taken on the proposal of Cato, 
-who 7vas only tribune elect? The 
senate voted by division (discessio). 
— luculentioribus, clearer. 13. hie, 
i.e. Brutus. — rettulerim: refer re in 
senatnm is used of the magistrate 
who puts before the senate the 
business of the session, and car- 
ries no implication of his opinion. 
16. perscribenda, should be re- 
corded. 19. ieiunius, more grudg- 
ingly. 21. corrigas: perhaps Atti- 
cus was to publish the Cato, and 



7 6 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



XXXVII. DOMESTIC WORRIES {Att. 12. 32). 

Cicero Attico Sal. 

Publilia ad me scrlpsit matrem suam — ut cum Pu- 
blilio loquerer — ad me cum illo venturam et se una, s! 
ego paterer. Orat multls et supplicibus verbis ut liceat 
et ut sibi rescrlbam. Res quam molesta sit vides. Re- 

5 scrlpsl mihi etiam gravius esse quam turn cum ill! dlx- 
issem me solum esse velle ; qua re nolle me hoc tempore 
earn ad me venire. Putabam, si nihil rescripsissem, 
illam cum matre venturam ; nunc non puto, apparebat 
enim illas litteras n5n illlus esse. Illud autem quod 

[o fore video ipsum volo vltare, ne illae ad me veniant. 
Ieiuna est vltatio ut ego nollem, sed necesse est. Te 
hoc nunc rogo, ut explores ad quam diem hie ita possim 
esse ut ne opprimar. Ages, ut scribis, temperate. Cice- 
roni velim hoc proponas — ita tamen, si tibi non iniquum 

15 videbitur — , ut sumptus huius peregrlnationis, quibus, si 
Romae esset domumque conduceret, quod facere cogi- 



had suggested some changes to Bru- 
tus before giving it to his slaves to 
copy; slaves engaged in this work 
were called librarii. 

XXXVII. Written from Astura, 
March 28th, 45 B.C. Soon after 
divorcing Terentia, Cicero married 
Publilia, confessedly for her money. 
She was little more than a girl, and 
is said to have been jealous of her 
step-daughter and to have offended 
Cicero by her indifference to his af- 
fliction. Whatever the cause, their 



estrangement dated from about the 
time of Tullia's death, and they were 
divorced this same year. I. Publi- 
lio, Publilia's brother. 1 1. Ieiuna 
. . . nollem, Ifs a poor excuse for 
not seeing them, that I did not wish 
to. 12. ita . . . ut ne opprimar, 
without danger of being surprised. 
13. Ciceroni, Cicero's son, Marcus, 
who was to study in Athens. 14. ita 
tamen, si, that is, in case. 15. pere- 
grinationis, tour, sojourn abroad. — 
quibus, refers to mercedes. 16. con- 



REPLY TO THE LETTER 01 C0ND01 I M E. yj 

tabat, facile contentus futurus crat, accommodct ad mer- 
cedes Arglletl et AventlnT; et cum el proposueris, ipse 
velira reliqua moderere, quern ad mod um ex Lis merce- 
dibus suppeditemus el quod opus sit. Praestabo nee 20 

Bibulum nee Acidlnum nee Messallam, quos Athenls 
futuros audio, maiores sumptus facturos quam quod ex 
iis mercedibus recipietur. Itaque velim videas prlmum 
conductores qui sint et quantl, deinde ut sint qui ad 
diem solvant, et quid viatic!, quid Instrument! satis sit. 25 
Iumento certe Athenls nihil opus erit ; quibus autem in 
via utatur, dom! sunt plura quam opus erat, quod etiam 
tu animadvertis. 

XXXVIII. REPLY TO THE LETTER OF 
CONDOLENCE (Fam. 4. 6). 

M. Cicero S. D. Ser. Sulpicio. 

Ego vero, Servl, vellem, ut scrlbis, in meo gravissimo 
casu adfuisses. Quantum enim praesens me adiuvare 
potueris et consolando et prope aeque dolendo facile 
ex eo intellego, quod litterls lectls aliquantum adquievl. 
Nam et ea scrlpsistl quae levare luctum possent, et in 5 
me c5ns6lando non mediocrem ipse animl dolorem ad- 
hibuisti. Servius tamen tuus omnibus officils quae ill! 
temporl tribu! potuerunt declaravit et quantl ipse me 



duceret, were renting. 17. merce- i tici, allowance for traveling expenses. 
des, rents, income; Cicero owned — instrumeiiti, outfit. 26. Iumento, 
tenement houses or shops on the a carriage. 

Aventine and in the quarter called [ XXX VII I. 4. aliquantum ad- 
Argilelum. 19. moderere, you would quievi, / have found some little 
manage. 24. conductores, tenants, relief. 8. quanti . . . faceret, 
— quanti, gen. of price. 25. via- /ww highly he himself esteemed me. 



78 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



faceret et quam suum talem erga me animum tibi gra- 

io turn putaret fore. Cuius officia iucundiora scilicet saepe 
mihi fuerunt, numquam tamen gratiora. Me autem non 
oratio tua solum et societas paene aegritudinis, sed 
etiam auct5ritas consolatur. Turpe enim esse exlstimo 
me n5n ita ferre casum meum ut tu, tall sapientia prae- 

15 ditus, ferendum putas. Sed opprimor interdum et vix 
resisto dolori, quod ea me solaria deficiunt quae ceteris 
quorum mihi exempla propono simill in fortuna non 
defuerunt. Nam et Q. Maximus, qui filium consula- 
rem, clarum virum et magnis rebus gestls, amlsit, et 

20 L. Paullus, qui duo septem diebus, et vester Galus et 
M. Cato, qui summo ingenio, summa virtute filium per- 
didit, ils temporibus fuerunt ut eorum luctum ipsorum 
dlgnitas consolaretur ea quam ex re publica conseque- 
bantur. Mihi autem amissls ornamentls ils quae ipse 

25 commemoras quaeque eram maximls laboribus adeptus, 
unum manebat illud solacium, quod ereptum est. Non 
amicorum negotils, non rel publicae procuratione impe- 
diebantur cogitationes meae, nihil in for5 agere libebat, 
adspicere curiam non poteram, exlstimabam, id quod 



10. Cuius . . . gratiora, i.e. he could 
take no pleasure at such a time in 
the kindly services of friends, al- 
though they were grateful to him. 
12. oratio tua, your words. 13. auc- 
toritas, the importance I attach to 
your opinion. 15. opprimor, / am 
overcome. 16. deficiunt, = desunl. 
18. Q. Maximus, the opponent of 
Hannibal ; he delivered a funeral 
oration over his son. 19. magnis 



rebus gestis, abl. of quality. 20. L. 
Paullus, the victor of Pydna, whose 
two young sons died during the week 
of the celebration of his triumph in 
167 B.C. — vester, your kinsman. 
21. M. Cato, the Censor. 23. ex 
re publica, in the service of the state. 
27. rei publicae procuratione, the 
conduct of public business. 28. in 
foro agere, i.e. as pleader in the 
courts of law. 29. id quod erat, 



REPLY TO THE LETTER OF CONDOLENCE. /9 

erat, omnls me et industriae mcae fructus et fortunae s° 
pcrdidisse. Sed cum cogitarem haec mini* tecum et 
cum quibusdam esse communia, et cum frangerem iam 
ipse me cSgeremque ilia ferre toleranter, habebam quo 
confugerem, ubi conquiescerem, cuius in sermone et 
suavitate omnls curas doloresque deponerem. Nunc 35 
autem hoc tarn gravl vulnere etiam ilia quae consa- 
nuisse videbantur recrudescunt. Non enim ut turn me 
a re publica maestum domus excipiebat quae levaret, 
sic nunc domo maerens ad rem publicam confugere 
possum ut in eius bonis adquiescam. Itaque et domo 4° 
absum et foro, quod nee cum dolorem quern de re pu- 
blica capio domus iam consolarl potest nee domesticum 
res publica. Quo magis te exspecto teque videre quam 
primum cupio. Mains mihi solacium adferre ratio nulla 
potest quam coniunctio consuetudinis sermonumque no- 45 
strorum. Quamquam sperabam tuum adventum — sic 
enim audiebam — appropinquare. Ego autem cum mul- 
tis de causls te exopto quam primum videre, turn etiam 
ut ante commentemur inter nos qua ratione nobis tra- 
ducendum sit hoc tempus, quod est totum ad unlus 5° 
voluntatem accommodandum, et prudentis et llberalis 
et, ut perspexisse videor, nee a me alien! et tibi ami- 



as -was indeed the case. 32. frange- 
rem, / was beginning to get myself 
in hand. ^. toleranter, patiently. 

36. consanuisse, to have healed. 

37. recrudescunt, are breaking open 
again. — Non, \\\v\\ possum. 39. mae- 
rens, in my grief. 40. bonis, = se- 



cum, sc. dolorem. 45. consuetudi- 
nis, intercourse. 46. sperabam. 
audiebam, epistolary tense. 49. ante, 
in advance, i.e. before Caesar's re- 
turn from Spain; the battle of Munda 
had been fought March 17th. — com- 
mentemur, deliberate. 51. pruden- 



cundis rebus. — domo, i.e. from his tis, sensible. — liberalis, generous. 
residence in the city. 42. domesti- 52. a me alieni, unfriendly to me. 



8o 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



cissiml. Quod cum ita sit, magnae tamen est delibera- 
tionis quae ratio sit ineunda nobis non agendl aliquid, 
55 sed illius concessu et beneficio quiescendl. Vale. 



XXXIX. THE MURDER OF MARCELLUS 
{Fam. 4. 12). 

Servius Ciceroni Saliitem Pluribus Verbis. 

Etsi sci5 non iucundissimum me nuntium vobls adla- 
turum, tamen, quoniam casus et natura in nobis domina- 
tur, visum est faciendum, qu5quo modo res se haberet, 
vos certiores facere. A. d. x. Kal. Iun., cum ab Epi- 

5 dauro Plraeum navl advectus essem, ibi M. Marcellum, 
conlegam nostrum, convenl eumque diem ibi consumpsl 
ut cum eo essem. Postero die ab e5 dlgressus sum eo 
consilio, ut ab Athenls in Boeotiam Irem reliquamque 
iurisdictionem absolverem, ille, ut aiebat, supra Maleas 

10 in Italiam versus navigaturus erat. Post diem tertium 



55. concessu et beneficio, kind per - 
mission. 

XXXIX. Marcellus had not been 
unhappy in his voluntary exile at 
Mytilene, and it was several months 
after his pardon when he reluctantly 
set out for Rome. He did not come 
to his journey's end, but was mur- 
dered by one of his suite while at 
the Piraeus waiting to take ship for 
Italy. Among the irreconcilable 
Pompeians were some who foolishly 
thought that Caesar must have in- 
spired the murder; the real cause 
of the act was not known. I. non 



iucundissimum, litotes; = acerbis- 
simum, tristissimum. 2. quoniam 
. . . dominatur, i.e. since death is 
the lot of all, — death by violence or 
in the course of nature. 5. Pi- 
raeum, the famous port of Athens. 
8. reliquamque . . . absolverem, 
i.e. visit the other assize towns of 
the province before the close of his 
administration. 9. supra, round ; 
super is commonly used to express 
this idea. — Maleas, a promontory 
at the southeastern extremity of La- 
conia. 10, versus, the prep.; ad 
or in are used with it, except with 



THE ML'RDKR OF MA1:< II 11 S. 



81 



eius die!, cum ab Athenls proficiscl in animo haberem, 

circitcr hora decima noctis P. Postumius, familiar is eius, 
ad me venit ct mihi niintiavit M. Marcellum, conlegam 

nostrum, post cenae tempus a P. Magio Cilone, familiarl 
eius, pugione pcrcussum esse et duo vulnera accepisse, is 
Qnum in stomacho, alterum in capite secundum aurem ; 
sperare tamen cum vivere posse; Magium se ipsum 
interfecisse postea ; se a Marcello ad me missum esse 
qui haec nuntiaret et rogaret utl medicos el mitterem. 
Itaque medicos coegi et e vestigio eo sum profectus 20 
prima luce. Cum non longe a Plraeo abessem, pucr 
AcidinT obviam mihi venit cum codicillls, in quibus erat 
scrlptum paulo ante lucem Marcellum diem suum oblsse. 
Ita vir clarissimus ab homine deterrimo acerbissima 
morte est adfectus, et cui inimicl propter dignitatem 25 
pepercerant, inventus est amicus qui el mortem offerret. 
Ego tamen ad tabernaculum eius perrexl. Inveni duos 
llbertos et pauculos servos ; reliquos aiebant profugisse 
metu perterritos quod dominus eorum ante tabernacu- 
lum interfectus esset. Coactus sum in eadem ilia lectlca 30 
qua ipse delatus eram melsque lecticarils in urbem eum 



the names of towns and of small 
islands. 12. circiter . . . noctis, 
i.e. between two and three in the 
morning. 14. cenae tempus : the 
dinner hour at Rome was apparently 
about half-past three. 15. pugione, 
dogger. 16. secundum, just behind. 
20. e vestigio, = stati/n, continue 
22. Acidini, probably the young man 
mentioned in a previous letter as a 
student at Athens. — codicillis, a 
cor. of cic. — 6 



note. 25. inimici: Caesar is meant. 
27. tamen, i.e. although it was now 
too late to be of service to Marcellus. 
— tabernaculum, tent; the Piraeus 
was now in ruins. 29. metu . . . 
esset : by Roman law slaves who 
were present at the murder of their 
master were liable to the death 
penalty as accessory to the deed. 
31. meisque lecticariis, instrumen- 
tal abl. ; using my own bearers. 



82 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



referre, ibique pro ea copia quae Athenls erat funus 
el satis amplum faciendum curavl. Ab Atheniensibus 
locum sepulturae intra urbem ut darent impetrare n5n 

35 potul, quod religi5ne se impedlri dlcerent, neque tamen 
id antea cuiquam concesserant. Quod proximum fuit, 
utl in quo vellemus gymnasio eum sepellremus, nobis 
permiserunt. N5s in nobilissim5 orbl terrarum gym- 
nasio Academiae locum delegimus ibique eum combus- 

40 simus, posteaque curavimus ut ildem Athenienses in 
eodem loco monumentum el marmoreum faciendum lo 
carent. Ita quae nostra officia fuerunt pr5 conlegio 
et pro propinquitate, et vivo et mortuo omnia el prae- 
stitimus. Vale. D. pr. Kal. I un.. Athenls. 



XL. DEDICATION OF THE ACADEMICA 
(Fam. 9. 8. 1). 

Cicer5 Varroni. 

Etsi munus flagitare, quamvls quis ostenderit, ne 
populus quidem solet nisi concitatus, tamen ego ex- 



32. pro . . . erat, so far as there 
were facilities at Athens. 35. ta- 
men, I must admit. 36. Quod . . . 
fuit, the next best thing. 37. gym- 
nasio : the three great gymnasia 
of Athens — Academia, Lyceum, and 
Cynosarges — were in the suburbs. 
38. orbi, locative. 39. Academiae, 
a grove set apart as a gymnasium ; 
it contained temples, statues, and 
the tombs of famous men, and in it 
Plato had taught. — eum combussi- 
mus, burned his body. 41. facien- 



dum locarent, should contract for 
the erection of. 44. D., data. 

XL. This letter was written July 
nth or 1 2th, 45 B.C., and sent with 
the Acadetnica to M. Terentius Varro, 
the greatest scholar and most prolific 
author of Rome. The Academica was 
an exposition of the teaching of the 
New Academy; it had been revised 
that Varro might be introduced as 
one of the interlocutors and fur- 
ther gratified by its dedication to 
him. I. ostenderit, has promised. 



DEDICATION "I HU. ACADEMICA. 



83 



spectatione prom is si tin moveor ut admoneam te, non 
ut flagitem. Mlsi autem ad te quattuor admonitores 
non nimis verecundos — nosti enim profecto os illlus 5 
adulescentioris Academlae. Ex ea igitur media exci- 
tatos mlsi, qui metud ne te forte flagitent ; ego autem 
mandavl ut rogarent. Exspectabam omnlno iam did 
meque sustinebam ne ad te prius ipse quid scrlberem 
quam aliquid accepissem, ut possem te remunerari quam 10 
simillimo munere ; sed cum tu tardius faceres, id est, 
ut ego interpreter, diligentius, teneri non potul quln 
coniunctionem studiorum amorisque nostri quo possem 
litterarum genere declararem. Feci igitur sermonem 
inter nos habitum in Cumano, cum esset una Pompo- 15 
nius. Tibi dedl partis Antiochinas, quas a te probarl 
intellexisse mihi videbar; mihi sumpsl Philonis. Puto 
fore ut, cum legeris, mlrere nos id locutos esse inter 
nos quod numquam locutl sumus — sed nosti morem 
dialogorum. 20 



3. promissi: Varro fulfilled this 
promise later by dedicating to Cic- 
ero the last twenty of the twenty-five 
books of his De Lingua Latina. 

4. quattuor: the revised Academica 
was in four books, the first edition 
in two* called Catulus and Lucullus 
after Q. Lutatius Catulus and L. Li- 
cinius Lucullus ; there are extant 
portions of both editions. 5. OS, 
assurance; cf. the slang cheek, face. 
6. adulescentioris, used comically 
for novae. 9. sustinebam, sc. a 
scribendo. 15. Cumano : Varro, as 
well as Cicero, had a country seat 



near Cumae. — Pomponius, Atticus. 
16. Antiochinas, of Antiochus; he 

professed to reconcile Stoicism with 
the teachings of Plato and Aris- 
totle. — quas . . . videbar: Cicero's 
uncertainty concerning Varro's be- 
lief is not surprising; the latter has 
been called ' the most unphilosophi- 
cal among the unphilosophical Ro- 
mans.' 17. Philonis, sc. partis; it 
was largely through the influence of 
Pbilo that Cicero had been led to 
embrace the philosophy of the Acad- 
emy. 19. locuti sumus: notice the 
force of the indicative. 



8 4 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



XLI. THE SINGER TIGELLIUS 

{Fam. 7. 24). 

M. Cicero S. D. M. Fadio Gallo. 

Amoris quidem tul quoquo me vert! vestigia, vel 
proxime de Tigellio. Sens! enim ex litteris tuls valde 
te laborasse. Amo igitur voluntatem. Sed pauca de 
re. Cipius, oplnor, olim ' N5n omnibus dormio.' Sic 

5 ego non omnibus, mi Galle, servio. EtsI quae est haec 
servitus ? Olim cum regnare exlstimabamur, non tarn 
ab ullis quam hoc tempore observor a familiarissimls 
Caesaris omnibus praeter istum. Id ego in lucrls pono, 
non ferre hominem pestilentiorem patria sua, eumque 

10 addictum iam turn puto esse Calvi LicinI Hipponacteo 
praeconio. At vide quid suscenseat. Phameae causam 
receperam, ipslus quidem causa, erat enim mihi sane 
familiaris. Is ad me venit dlxitque iudicem sibi ope- 



XLI. Written about August 20th, 
45 B.C. Fadius had expressed his 
anxiety lest Tigellius' resentment 
should lead to a misunderstanding 
between Cicero and Caesar, with 
whom the singer was a favorite, as 
later with Augustus. 1. vestigia, sc. 
vidi. — vel, in particular. 2. prox- 
ime, qtute recently. 3. Amo, / am 
delighted by. 4. opinor, / believe 
that was his name. 6. regnare : 
Cicero's foes had charged him with 
playing the tyrant during his con- 
sulship. 8. in lucris pono, count 
clear gain. 9. patria : Tigellius 
was a native of Sardinia, which 



was notoriously unhealthy. 10. ad- 
dictum . . . praeconio, had been 
disposed of by the Hipponactean 
proclamation of Licihius Calvus ; 
addicere is used of the auctioneer, 
to knock down, and praeconium de- 
notes his crying of the goods to be 
sold. Calvus, the orator and poet, 
had attacked Tigellius in a lampoon 
written in choliambics, the meter in 
which Hipponax wrote and of which 
he was reputed the inventor. This 
poem was in form a praeconium. 
It began : Sardi Tigelli putidum 
caput venit {is for sale). II. Pha- 
meae, the grandfather of Tigellius. 



CICERO IX FAVOR WITH CAESAR. 85 

ram dare constituisse eo ipso die quo de P. Sestio in 
consilium Iri nccesse erat. Respond! nullo modo me 15 
facere posse ; quern vellet alium diem si sumpsisset, 
me el non defuturum. Ille autem, qui sclret se nepo- 
tem bellum tlblcinem habere et sat bonum cantorem, 
discessit a me, ut mihi videbatur, Iratior. Habcs ' Sar- 
dos venalls, alium alio nequiorem.' Cognosti meam 20 
causam et istlus salaconis iniquitatem. ' Catonem ' 
tuum mihi mitte, cupio enim legere. Me adhuc non 
legisse turpe utrlque nostrum est. 

XLII. CICERO IN FAVOR WITH CAESAR 
(Fain. 5. 10 b). 

Vatinius Ciceroni Suo S. 

Ego post supplicationes mihi decretas in Dalmatiam 
profectus sum ; sex oppida vl oppugnando cepi, unum 
hoc, quod erat maximum, quater a me iam captum. 
Ouattuor enim turrls et quattuor muros cepi et arcem 
eorum totam, ex qua me nives, frlgora, imbres detruse- 5 
runt indlgneque, ml Cicero, oppidum captum et bellum 

14. in consilium iri, that the jury the death of Cato and in which 
should deliberate upon its verdict. Cicero and Brutus had also written 
18. bellum tibicinem, a skillful on the one side, and Caesar and 
flute-player. — sat, = satis; fairly, Hirtius on the other. 
moderately. 19. Sardos . . . ne- XLII. Vatinius, the unscrupu- 

quiorem : Sardinian slaves were lous tool of Caesar, was now gov- 
held in but slight esteem at Rome, ernor of Illvricum. Cicero had made 
21. salaconis, braggart. — iniqui- a bitter attack upon him in 56 B.C. 
tatem. unreasonableness. — Cato- in the Orotic in Vatinium, but two 
nem : Fadius had taken part in the i years later defended him at the ur- 
pamphleteering war which followed | gent request of Caesar, in a speech 



86 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



confectum relinquere sum coactus. Qua re te rogo, si 
opus erit, ad Caesarem meam causam agas meque tibi 
in omnls partis defendendum putes hoc exlstimans, ne- 
io minem te tul amantiorem habere. Vale. Data Nonls 
Decembribus, Narona. 



XLIII. THE SPEECH FOR DEIOTARUS 

(Fam. 9. 12). 

Cicero Dolabellae. 

Gratulor Bails nostrls, si quidem, ut scrlbis, saliibres 
repente factae sunt, nisi forte te amant et tibi adsentan- 
tur et tarn diu dum tii ades sunt oblltae sul. Quod qui- 
dem si ita est, minim e mlror caelum etiam et terras vim 
s suam, si tibi ita conveniat, dlmittere. Oratiunculam pro 
Deiotaro quam requlrebas habebam mecum, quod non 
putaram. Itaque earn tibi misl. Quam velim sic legas 
ut causam tenuem et inopem nee scrlptione magno opere 
dlgnam. Sed ego hospitl veterl et amlco munusculum 



now lost, against the charge of am- 
bitus brought by Licinius Calvus. 
8. ad, = apud. 9. in omnis par- 
tis, = omni ratione. 

XLIII. P. Cornelius Dolabella, 
to whom this letter was addressed, 
had been Tullia's third husband, but 
was divorced from her in 46 B.C. 
5. si . . . conveniat, if it suits your 
pleasure. — Oratiunculam pro Deio- 
taro : this speech is known to us as 
the Oratio pro Rege Deiotaro; Deio- 
tarus, the Galatian tetrarch, had 
been accused of having attempted 



to murder Caesar, before whom and 
in whose house the case was tried. 
This was Cicero's last plea as an 
advocate. 6. habebam mecum : 
Cicero was doubtless writing from 
one of his country seats. 9. ho- 
spiti : Deiotarus had offered the help 
of his army to Cicero and had other- 
wise been of service to him during 
the term of his administration in 
Cilicia, and Cicero in mock dispar- 
agement of his speech says that he 
had only committed it to writing 
because he wished to send a copy 



CONSUL FOR HALF A DAY. 87 

mittere volul levidense crass5 filo, cuius modi ipslus w 
solent esse munera. TO velim animo sapient! fortlque 
sis, ut tua raoderatio et gravitas aliorum infamet in- 

iuriam. 

XLIV. CONSUL FOR HALF A DAY 
(Fam. 7. 30. .1). 

Cicero Curio S. D. 

Ego vero iam te nee hortor nee rog5 ut domum 
redeas ; quln nine ipse evolare cupio et aliquo perve- 
nire, ' ubi nee Pelopidarum nomen nee facta audiam.' 
Incredibile est quam turpiter mihi facere videar, qui his 
rebus intersim. Ne tu videris multo ante provldisse 5 
quid impenderet turn cum hinc profugistl. Quam quam 
haec etiam audltu acerba sunt, tamen audlre tolerabilius 
est quam videre. In campo certe non fuistl cum hora 
secunda comitils quaestorils Institutls sella O. MaximI, 
quern ill! consulem esse dlcebant, posita esset, quo mor- 10 

to his old friend. 10. levidense really. 8. hora secunda, i.e. be- 
crasso filo, slight and of coarse text- tween eight and nine o'clock; the 
we; the metaphor is from spin- comitia were called together at day- 
ning. 12. infamet, may bring into break. 9. comitiis quaestoriis : 
ill repute by contrast. the quaestors were regularly elected 
XLIV. Written early in January, by the comitia tributa in the sum- 
44 13. C. 2. quin, = quin etiam. mer and entered into office on De- 
3. ubi . . . audiam : the source of cember 5th, but the election of 45 
the quotation is not known, but the H.C. had been postponed to De- 
reference is to Caesar and the Cae- cember 31st. — sella, sc. curulis. 
sarians. The house of Pelops, of 10. illi, the followers of Caesar. 



which were Atreus, Thyestes, Aegis- 
thus, Agamemnon, Clytemnestra, and 



For the greater part of the year 45 
B.C. Caesar had been sole consul, 



Orestes, was typical of monstrous but in October he resigned and nom- 
crime and inhuman wrong. 5. Ne, | inated Q. Fabius Maximus and C. 



88 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



tuo nuntiato sella sublata est. I lie autem, qui comitils 
tributis esset auspicatus, centuriata habuit, consulem 
hora septima renuntiavit, qui usque ad Kalendas Ian. 
esset, quae erant futurae mane postrldie. Ita Canlnio 
15 consule scito neminem prandisse. Nihil tamen eo con- 
sule mall factum est. Fuit enim mlrinca vigilantia, qui 
su5 toto consulate somnum non viderit. 



XLV. CICERO INTERCEDES FOR A PIRATE 
(Fam. 5. 10 a). 

Vatinius Ciceroni Suo S. 

S. V. B. E. E. Q. V. De Dionysio tuo adhuc nihil 
extrico, et e5 minus quod me frigus Dalmaticum, quod 
illinc eiecit, etiam hie ref rlgeravit ; sed tamen non de- 
sistam quin ilium aliquand5 eruam. Sed tamen omnia 
mihi dura imperas. De Catllio nescio quid ad me 
scrlpsistl deprecationis diligentissimae. Apage te cum 
nostro Sex. Servllio ! Nam mehercule ego quoque 



Trebonius to serve for the three 
months that remained ; it is the 
constitutionality of Caesar's nomina- 
tion of magistrates that Cicero ques- 
tions in quern . . . clicebant. II. Ille, 
Caesar. 12. esset auspicatus, had 
taken the auspices. — centuriata, i.e 
the comitia centuriata for the elec- 
tion of a consul suffectns ; the term 
of office would be but a few hours 
since the consuls for the new year 
would enter into office at midnight, 
but the possession of the chief mag- 
istracy for even so short a time was 



held an honor. 13. hora septima, 
about one o'clock. — renuntiavit, 
announced the election of. 

XLV. The interest of this letter 
is due chiefly to the fact that it is 
the self-righteous Cicero who is re- 
proved by the scapegrace Vatinius. 
1. S. V. B. E. E. Q. V., si vales, bene 
est ; ego quoque valeo. — Dionysio, 
the runaway librarian. 2. extrico, 
find out. 5. Catilio, probably an 
exiled Pompeian who in his despera- 
tion had turned pirate. 6. Apage 
te, get out. 7. Sex. Servilio, un- 



CICERO INTERCEDES FOR A PIRATE. 89 

ilium amo. Sed huiusce mod! vos clientls, huius modi 
causas recipitis? Hominem Qnum omnium crudelissi- 
mum, qui tot ingenuos, matres familias, clvis Romanos 10 
occldit, abripuit, disperdidit, regiones vastavit ? Simius, 
non semissis homo, contra me arma tulit et cum hello 
cepT. Sed tamen, mi Cicero, quid faccre possum ? 
Omnia mehercule cupio quae tu mihi imperas. Meam 
animadversionem et supplicium, quo usurus eram in 15 
eum quern cepissem, remitto tibi et condono. Quid 
illls respondere possum qui ob sua bona dlrepta, navls 
expugnatas, fratres, llberos, parentes occlsos actiones 
expostulant ? Si meherculcs AppI os haberem, in cuius 
locum suffectus sum, tamen hoc sustinere non possem. 20 
Quid ergo est ? Faciam omnia sedulo quae te sciam 
velle. Defenditur a 0. Volusio, tuo discipulo, si forte 
ea res poterit adversarios fugare. In eo maxima spes 
est. Nos, si quid erit istlc opus, defendes. Caesar 
adhuc mihi iniuriam facit ; de mels supplicationibus et 25 
rebus gestls Dalmaticls adhuc non refert, quasi vero 
non iustissiml triumphl in Dalmatia res gesserim. Nam 
si hoc exspectandum est, dum totum bellum conficiam, 
vlgintl oppida sunt Dalmatiae antlqua ; quae ipsl sibi 
adsclverunt, amplius sexaginta. Haec nisi omnia ex- 3° 
pugno, si mihi supplicationes non decernuntur, longe 
alia condicione ego sum ac ceteri imperatores. 

known. 8. vos, you Pompeians. I Appi, Cicero's predecessor in Cilicia; 
11. Simius, ape. 12. semissis, [ at his death Vatinius had taken his 
worth a cent; gen. of value. iS. ac- place in the college of augurs, 
tiones expostulant, demand that he 26. Dalmaticis, = in Dalmatia. — 
be brought to trial. 19. mehercules : refert, sc. ad senatum. 27. trium- 
mehercule is preferred by Cicero. — | phi, gen. of quality. 



90 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 

XLVI. A DEARTH OF WIT AT ROME 

(Fam. 7. 31). 

Cicero Curio S. D. 

Facile perspexl ex tuls litteris, quod semper studul, 
et me a te plurimi fieri et te intellegere quam mihi carus 
esses. Quod quoniam uterque nostrum consecutus est, 
reliquum est ut officiis certemus inter nos, quibus aequo 

5 animo vel vincam te vel vincar abs te. Acllio non fuisse 
necesse meas darl litteras facile patior. SulpicI tibi 
operam intellego ex tuls litteris non multum opus fuisse 
propter tuas res ita contractus ut, quern ad modum 
scribis, nee caput nee pedes. Equidem vellem utl 

10 pedes haberent, ut aliquando redlres. Vides enim exa- 
ruisse iam veterem urbanitatem, ut Pomponius noster 
suo iure possit dlcere, 

Nisi nos paucT retineamus gloriam antiquam Atticam. 

Erg5 is tibi, nos el succedimus. VenI igitur, quaeso, 
15 ne tamen semen urbanitatis una cum re publica in- 
tereat. 



XLVI. 5. Acilio : Curius was 
living at Patrae as a banker and 
broker {negotiator), and Cicero had 
given him a letter of introduction 
to Acilius, who had recently suc- 
ceeded Sulpicius as governor of 
Achaia. The friendship of the pro- 
vincial governor was of supreme im- 
portance to the capitalist or financial 
agent who had made investments 
away from Rome, since his great 



power enabled him to enforce the un- 
equal contracts which made this busi- 
ness so inordinately lucrative. He 
usually shared in the spoils. 9. nee 
. . . pedes, sc. haberent. 10. exa- 
ruisse, has dried up. 11. Pompo- 
nius : the quotation is said to be 
from L. Pomponius of Bononia, the 
writer who gave an artistic form to 
the Atellan farces; but Cicero seems 
to have had Atticus in mind. 



A STUDENT AT ATHENS. 9 1 

XLVII. THE IDES OF MARCH 
(Fam. 6. 15). 

Cicero Basilo S. 

Tibi gratulor, mihi gaudeo ; te amo, tua tueor ; a te 
amarl et quid agas quidque agatur certior fieri volo. 

XLVIII. A STUDENT AT ATHENS 
{Fain. 12. 16. 1, 2). 

Trebonius Ciceroni S. 

S. V. B. Athenas venl a. d. xi. Kal. Iun. atque ibi, 
quod maxime optabam, vldl fllium tuum, deditum opti- 
mls studils summaque modestiae fama. Qua ex re 
quantam voluptatem ceperim scire potes etiam me ta- 
cente. Non enim nescis quantl te faciam et quam pro 5 
nostro veterrimo verissimoque amore omnibus tuls etiam 
minimis commodls, non modo tanto bono gaudeam. 

XLVII. In this note Cicero con- j too joined the conspiracy against 
gratulates one of Caesar's assassins j his benefactor. He was not one of 
on his deed. Basilus had served on the actual murderers, but had the 
Caesar's staff in Gaul ; he was led to humaner part of keeping Antony 



join the conspiracy against his old from the scene. He was now on 
commander by resentment that a his way to Asia, which had been 



province had not been granted him assigned to him as his province. 
at the expiration of his year of office 1. S. V. B., si vales, bene. 2. de- 
as praetor for 45 B.C. ditum . . . fama : Trebonius was 

XLVIII. Written from Athens ! either deceiving or deceived, for we 
May 25th, 44 B.C. Trebonius had know that the young Cicero was 
been a legatits under Caesar in Gaul, neither the diligent student nor 
and had been appointed by him one \ the moral paragon he paints him. 
of the consuls for 45 B.C. ; but he | 7. bono, blessing, i.e. in having a 



Q2 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



Noli putare, mi Cicero, me hoc auribus tuls dare. Nihil 
adulescente tuo, atque ade5 nostro — nihil enim mihi a 

io te potest esse seiunctum — aut amabilius omnibus ils 
qui Athenls sunt est aut studiosius earum artium quas 
tu maxime amas, hoc est, optimarum. Itaque tibi, quod 
vere facere possum, libenter quoque gratulor nee minus 
etiam nobis, quod eum quern necesse erat dlligere, qua- 

15 liscumque esset, talem habemus ut libenter quoque dlli- 
gamus. Qui cum mihi in sermone iniecisset se velle 
Asiam vlsere, n5n modo invltatus, sed etiam rogatus est 
a me ut id potissimum nobis obtinentibus provinciam 
faceret. Cui nos et caritate et amore tuum officium 

20 praestaturos non debes dubitare. Illud quoque erit 
nobis curae, ut Cratippus una cum e5 sit, ne putes in 
Asia feriatum ilium ab ils studils in quae tua cohorta- 
tione incitatur futurum. Nam ilium paratum, ut video, 
et ingressum pleno gradu cohortari non intermittemus, 

25 quo in dies longius discendo exercendoque se procedat. 



XLIX. A POINT OF LAW (Fam. 7. 22). 
Cicero Trebatio S. 

Inluseras heri inter scyphos quod dlxeram contro- 
versiam esse possetne heres, quod furtum antea factum 
esset, furtl recte agere. Itaque etsl domum bene potus 



model son. 9. atque adeo, or 
rather. 16. iniecisset, had men- 
tioned. 19. nos . . . praestaturos: 
notice the ace. and inf. for a quin 
clause. 21. Cratippus, a Peripa- 
tetic philosopher. 22. feriatum . . . 
futurum, is going to rest. 24. pleno 



gradu, with rapid progress, lit. at a 
quick step. 

XLIX. 1. inter scyphos, over 

the wine; the scyphus was a two- 
handled beaker. 2. antea, i.e. be- 
fore his succession to the property. 
3. furti, gen. of the charge. — agere, 



BRUTUS AM) CASSIUS DEFY AtfTONY. 93 

seroque redieram, tamen id caput ubi haec controversia 
est notavl et descnptum tibi misi, ut sclres id quod tu 5 
neminem sensisse dlcebas Sex. Aelium, M'. Manilium, 

M. Brutum sensisse. Ego tamen Scaevolae et Testae 
adsentior. 

L. BRUTUS AND CASSIUS DEFY ANTONY 
(Fam. n. 3). 

Brutus et Cassius Pr. S. D. Antonio Cos. 

S. V. B. Litteras tuas legimus, simillimas edict! tul, 
contumeliosas, minaces, minime dlgnas quae a te nobis 
mitterentur. Nos, Anton!, te nulla lacessiimus iniuria 
neque mlraturum credidimus, si praetores et ea dlgni- 
tate homines aliquid edicto postulassemus a consule ; 5 
quod si indlgnaris ausos esse id facere, concede nobis 
ut doleamus ne hoc quidem abs te Brut5 et Cassio tri- 
buT. Nam de dllectibus habitis et pecunils imperatls, 
exercitibus sollicitatls et nuntiis trans mare missis quod 
te questum esse negas, nos quidem tibi credimus optimo 10 



bring suit. 4. caput, section, evi- 
dently of some law book; Aelius, 
Manilius, Brutus, and Scaevola had 



they had asked to be allowed to 
resign the praetorship. — Bruto et 
Cassio : the names seem to have 



been eminent as jurists, and all had been used instead of nobis to con- 
written legal commentaries. 7. Te- trast their claim upon him as indi- 
stae, Trebatius himself. viduals with their claim as magis- 
L. Written August 4th, 44 B.C. trates. 8. dilectibus . . . missis: 



Pr. (greeting), praetores. 1. edicti, 
manifesto. 4. miraturum, sc. te. — 
ea dignitate, abl. of quality with 
homines. 7. hoc, i.e. the request 
■contained in their manifesto. What 
it was is not known, but perhaps 



Brutus and Cassius were reported to 
be engaged in preparations for seiz- 
ing the provinces of Macedonia and 
Syria, which had been promised to 
them respectively, but had been 
granted in June to Antonius and 



94 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



anim5 te fecisse, sed tamen neque agnoscimus quic- 
quam eorum et te mlramur, cum haec reticueris, non 
potuisse continere Iracundiam tuam quln nobis de morte 
Caesaris obiceres. Illud vero quern ad modum ferun- 

15 dum sit tute cogita, non licere praetoribus concordiae 
ac llbertatis causa per edictum de suo iure decedere, 
quln consul arma minetur. Quorum fiducia nihil est 
quod nos terreas. Neque enim decet aut convenit nobis 
perlculo ulli submittere animum nostrum neque est An- 

20 tonio postulandum ut iis imperet quorum opera liber 
est. Nos si alia hortarentur ut bellum civile suscitare 
vellemus, litterae tuae nihil proficerent. Nulla enim 
minantis auctoritas apud llberos est. Sed pulchre in- 
tellegis non posse nos quoquam impelll, et fortassis ea 

25 re minaciter agis, ut iudicium nostrum metus videatur. 
N5s in hac sententia sumus ut te cupiamus in libera re 
publica magnum atque honestum esse, vocemus te ad 
nullas inimlcitias, sed tamen pluris nostram llbertatem 
quam tuam amlcitiam aestimemus. Tu etiam atque 

30 etiam vide quid suscipias, quid sustinere possls neque 
quam diu vlxerit Caesar, sed quam non diu regnarit fac 
cogites. Deos quaesumus, consilia tua rel publicae 
salutaria sint ac tibi; si minus, ut salva atque honesta 
re publica tibi quam minimum noceant optamus. Prl- 

35 die Non. Sext. 



Dolabella. The sequel abundantly 
substantiated this report, and their 
present denial {iieque agnoscimus 
quicquam eorum) must have been 
insincere. 11. agnoscimus, ac- 
knowledge, own. 16. de . . . dece- 



dere, to relinquish their authority. 
20. opera, i.e. in the assassination 
of Caesar. 23. pulchre, perfectly. 
25. iudicium, decision, resolve. 
27. vocemus, challenge ; notice the 
asyndeton. 



A FAITHFUL FRIEND. 95 

LI. A FAITHFUL FRIEND 
{Finn. n. 28). 

Matius Ciceroni S. 

Ml- nam voluptatem ex tins litteris cepl, quod quam 
speraram atque optaram habere te de me oplnionem 
ivl. De qua etsi non dubitabam, tamen quia 
maxim! aestimabam, ut incorrupta maneret laborabam. 
Conscius autem mihi eram nihil a me commissum esse 
quod bonl cuiusquam offenderet animum. Eo minus 
credebam plurimls atque optimls artibus ornato tibi 
to mere quicquam persuader! potuisse, praesertim in 
quern mea propensa et perpetua fuisset atque esset 
benevolentia. Quod quoniam ut volul sci5 esse, re- 
spondebo criminibus quibus tu pro me, ut par erat tua 
singular! bonitate et amlcitia nostra, saepe restitistl. 
Nota enim mihi sunt quae in me post Caesaris mortem 
contulerint. Yitio mihi dant quod mortem hominis 
necessaril graviter fero atque eum quern dllexl perlsse 
indlgnor ; aiunt enim patriam amlcitiae praeponendam 
esse, proinde ac si iam vlcerint obitum eius re! publicae 
fuisse utilem. Sed non agam astute. Fateor me ad 

LI. Written at the end of Aug- 14. contulerint: the subj. is used 
ust, 44 B.C. Cicero had heard from as if in an ind. question with 
Trebatius that Matius complained notum est; with the personal con- 
that he had unjustly criticised the struction {nota sunt) quae is the 



attitude the latter maintained toward 
the murderers of Caesar, and had 
written to Matius to defend himself. 
This is Matius' reply. 9. propensa, 



relative, not the interrogative, and 
the ind. would be regular. — dant, 
impute. 17. proinde . . . vicerint, 
just as if they had really demon- 



spontaneous. 11. par, fit, meet, strated. iS. agam astute, quibble. 



9 6 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



istum gradum sapientiae non pervenisse. Neque enim 

20 Caesarem in dissensione clvlll sum secutus, sed amlcum, 
quamquam re offendebar, tamen non deserul neque 
bellum umquam civile aut etiam causam dissensionis 
probavl, quam etiam nascentem exstingui summe stu- 
dul. Itaque in victoria hominis necessarii neque honoris 

25 neque pecuniae dulcedine sum captus, quibus praemils 
reliqul, minus apud eum quam ego cum possent, immo- 
derate sunt abiisl. Atque etiam. res familiaris mea lege 
Caesaris deminuta est, cuius beneficio plerlque qui Cae- 
saris morte laetantur remanserunt in clvitate. Clvibus 

30 victls ut parceretur aeque ac pro mea salute laboravl. 
Possum igitur, qui omnls voluerim incolumls, eum a quo 
id impetratum est perlsse non indignari, cum praesertim 
Idem homines illl et invidiae et exitio f uerint ? ' Plecte- 
ris ergo,' inquiunt, ' quoniam factum nostrum improbare 

35 audes.' O superbiam inaudltam, alios in facinore gl5- 
riarl, alils ne dolere quidem impunlte licere ! At haec 
etiam servls semper libera fuerunt, ut timerent, gaude- 
rent, dolerent suo potius quam alterius arbitrio, quae 
nunc, ut quidem istl dictitant llbertatis auctores, metu 

40 nobis extorquere conantur. Sed nihil agunt. Nullius 
umquam perlculi terroribus ab offici5 aut ab humanitate 



19. gradum, height. 21. re, his 
action. 23. summe, zealously. 
27. lege : this regulated the in- 
vestment of capital. 28. cuius, sc. 
legis. 33. illi, i.e. Caesari ; the 
very men whose treatment at Cae- 
sar's hands had made him unpopu- 
lar with his own followers {invidiae') 



conspired to murder him {exitio). 
— Plecteris, you shall smart for it. 
36. impunite, = impune. 39. ut . . . 
dictitant, to judge from what they 
say. — metu, intimidation. 40. ni- 
hil agunt, they effect nothing, it is 
of no use. 41. ab . . . desci- 
scam, swerve from the path of 



A FAITHFUL FRIEND. 97 

desclscam. Numquam cnim honestam mortem fugien- 
dam, saepe ctiam oppetendam putavl. Sed quid mihi 
suscensent si id opto, ut pacniteat eos sul factl? Cupid 
enim Caesaris mortem omnibus esse ace r bam. 'At 45 

debeo pro civTlI parte rem publicam velle salvam.' Id 
quidem me cupere, nisi et ante acta vita et reliqua mea 
spes tacente me probat, dicendo vincere non postulo. 
Qua re maiorem in modum te rogo ut rem potiorem 
oratione ducas mihique, si sentls expedlre recte fieri, 50 
credas nullam communionem cum improbls esse posse. 
An quod adulescens praestitl, cum etiam errare cum 
excusatione possem, id nunc aetate praecipitata com- 
mutem ac me ipse retexam ? Non faciam neque quod 
displiceat committam, praeterquam quod hominis mihi 55 
coniunctissimi ac virl amplissiml doleo gravem casum. 
Quod si aliter essem animatus, numquam quod facerem 
negarem, ne et in peccando improbus et in dissimulando 
timidus ac vanus exlstimarer. 'At ludos quos Caesaris 
victoriae Caesar adulescens fecit curavl.' At id ad prl- 60 
vatum officium, non ad statum rel publicae pertinet. 
Quod tamen munus et hominis amlcissiml memoriae 
atque honoribus praestare etiam mortul debul et opti- 
mae spel adulescentl ac dlgnissimo Caesare petentl ne- 



46. pro civili parte, as a citizen. 

47. reliqua,/?;- the juiure. 50. ex- 
pedire recte fieri, it is expedi- 
ent that the right should prevail. 
53. praecipitata, is drawing to a 
close. 54. me ipse retexam, be- 
come another man. 58. improbus, 
timidus, vanus, a knave, a coward, 

cor. of cic. — 7 



a liar. 59. ludos : the Audi Victo- 
riae Caesaris or Ludi Veneris Ge- 
netricis had been vowed by Julius 
Caesar at Pharsalus, and were cele- 
brated this year by Octavian ( Caesar 
adulescens). 64. dignissimo Cae- 
sare: Matius was thinking of Octa- 
vian as Caesar's adopted son and 



9 8 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



65 gare non potul. VenI etiam consulis Antonl domum 
saepe salutandl causa, ad quern qui me parum patriae 
amantem esse exlstimant rogandl quidem aliquid aut 
auferendl causa frequentls ventitare reperies. Sed quae 
haec est adrogantia, quod Caesar numquam interpella- 

70 vit quln quibus vellem atque etiam quos ipse non dllige- 
bat tamen iis uterer, eos qui mihi amicum eripuerunt 
carpendo me efficere conari ne quos velim dlligam ? 
Sed non vereor ne aut meae vltae modestia parum vali- 
tura sit in posterum contra falsos rumores, aut ne etiam 

75 il qui me non amant propter meam in Caesarem con- 
stantiam non malint mel quam sul simills amlcos habere. 
Mihi quidem si optata contingent, quod reliquum est 
vltae in otio RhodI degam ; sin casus aliquis interpella- 
rit, ita ero Romae ut recte fieri semper cupiam. Tre- 

80 bati5 nostro magnas ago gratias, quod tuum erga me 
animum simplicem atque amicum aperuit et quod eum 
quern semper libenter dllexl quo magis hire colere atque 
observare deberem fecit. Bene vale et me dllige. 



LII. TIRO TURNS FARMER 

(from Fam. 16. 21. 7). 

Emisse te praedium vehementer gaudeo fellciterque 
tibi rem istam evenlre cupio. Hoc loco me tibi gratu- 



heir. 65. Veni etiam, they make 
it a ground of complaint also that 
I visit. 69. quod . . . uterer, paren- 
thetical, quod having for its ante- 
cedent eos . . . diligam, which is 
explanatory of adrogantia : while 
Caesar never stood in the way of 



my associating with whom I pleased. 
72. carpendo me, by traducing me. 
81. simplicem, sincere. 83. Bene 
vale, for the Ciceronian vale. 

LII. From a letter from the 
young Marcus to Tiro. 1. prae- 
dium, farm. 2. Hoc loco, i.e. at 



THE COMPANY MAKES THE DINNER. 99 

larl noli mirarl, eodem enim fore loco tu quoque emisse 
te fecistl me certiorem. Habes. Deponendae tibi sunt 
urbanitates ; rusticus Romanus factus es. Quo modo 5 
eero mihi nunc ante oculos tiium iucundissimum con- 
spectum propono? Videor enim videre ementem te 
rusticas res, cum vilico loquentem, in lacinia servantem 
ex mensa secunda semina. 

LIII. THE COMPANY MAKES THE DINNER 
[Fam. 9. 24. 2, 3). 

Te ad cenas itare deslsse molestc fero, magna enim 
te delectatione et voluptate prlvasti; deinde etiam ve- 
reor — licet enim verum dlcere — ne nescio quid illud 
quod solebas dediscas et obllvlscare, cenulas facere. 
Nam si turn cum habebas quos lmitarere non multum 5 
proficiebas, quid nunc te facturum putem ? Spurinna 
quidem, cum el rem demonstrassem et vltam tuam 
superiorem exposuissem, magnum pcnculum summae 
re! publicae demonstrabat, nisi ad superiorem consue- 
tudinem turn cum Favonius flaret revertisses ; hoc tern- ic 

the end of my letter. 4. Habes. the freq. of ire. 3. ne . . . facere, 
Well, you are now a landed gentle- lest you unlearn an J forget the little 
man. 8. vilico, steward, overseer, you did know about giving dinners ; 



— lacinia, the corner of your toga. 
9. mensa secunda, dessert. The 
dinner among the Romans was di- 
vided into promulsis, cena proper, 



the tone of raillery results from the 
slighting use of neseio quid and of 
the dim. ee aulas. 5. turn . . . imi- 
tarere, i.e. before Caesar's assassi- 



and secunda mensa. — semina, i.e. nation, when llirtius and Dolabella 

of the fruit served with the dessert. were giving dinner parties. 6. Spu- 

LIII. From a kttcr to Paetus. rinna, the soothsayer who warned 

I. ad . . . desisse, have given over Caesar to beware of the Ides of 

your custom of dining out ; itare is March. 10. Favonius, the west 



100 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



pore ferri posse, si forte tu frlgus ferre non posses. 
Sed mehercule, ml Paete, extra iocum moneo te, quod 
pertinere ad beate vlvendum arbitror, ut cum virls bonis, 
iucundls, amantibus tin vivas. Nihil est aptius vltae, 

15 nihil ad beate vlvendum accommodatius. Nee id ad 
voluptatem refero, sed ad communitatem vltae atque 
vlctus remissionemque animorum, quae maxime" ser- 
mone efficitur familiarl, qui est in convlvils dulcissimus, 
ut sapientius nostrl quam Graecl. I 111 crv/jLTroata aut 

20 avvhetirva, id est, compotationes aut concenationes, nos 
' convlvia,' quod turn maxime simul vivitur. Vides ut 
te philosophando revocare coner ad cenas. Cura ut 
valeas. Id forls cenitando facillime consequere. 



LIV. THE BATTLE AT FORUM GALLORUM 
{Fam. 10. 30). 

Galba Ciceroni S. 

A. d. xvii. Kal. Maias, quo die Pansa in castrls Hlrti 



wind, the herald of spring, also 
called by the Romans by its Greek 
name Zephyrns ; it began to blow 
about Feb. 10th. 16. vitae atque 
victus : the former represents life 
in its spiritual aspect, the conduct 
of life ; the latter in its material 
aspect, with reference to the neces- 
sities of life. 19. cru|nr6o-ia, (rvv- 
8enrva, translated by compotationes, 
concenationes. 

LIV. Written before Mutina, 
April 1 6th, 43 B.C. The writer had 
been a legatus under Caesar in Gaul, 



and later a conspirator against him, 
and was the great-grandfather of 
the Emperor Galba. He was now 
serving under Hirtius, one of the 
consuls for this year, who had un- 
dertaken with Octavian to raise the 
siege of Mutina, where D. Brutus 
was finding it difficult to hold out 
against the forces of Antony. On 
receipt of the news of the ap- 
proach of the other consular army 
under Pansa, Antony had sent a 
detachment to intercept it, and the 
battle described in Galba's letter en- 



THE BATTLE AT FORUM GALLORUM. IOI 

erat futurus, cum quo ego cram — nam ei obviam proces- 
seram mllia passuum centum, quo maturius veniret — , 

Antonius legiones eduxit duas, secundam ct qulntam 
trlcesimam, et cohortls praetorias duas, Cinam suam, 5 
alteram Sllani, evocatorum partem. Ita obviam venit 
nobis, quod nos quattuor legiones tlronum habere solum 
arbitrabatur. Sed noctu, quo tutius venire in castra 
possemus, legionem Martiam, cui ego praecsse solebam, 
et duas cohortls praetorias mlserat Hirtius nobis. Cum 10 
equites Ant5nl apparuissent, contineri neque legio Mar- 
tia neque cohortes praetoriae potuerunt, quas sequl coe- 
pimus coactl, quoniam retinere eas non potucramus. 
Antonius ad Forum Gallorum suas copias continebat 
neque sclrl volebat se legiones habere; tantum equita- 15 
turn et levem armaturam ostendebat. Postea quam vldit 
se invito legionem Tre Pansa, sequl se duas legiones 
iussit tlronum. Postea quam angustias paludis et silva- 
rum transiimus, acies est Tnstructa a n5bls xn. cohortium ; 
nondum venerant legiones duae. Repente Antonius in 20 
aciem suas copias de vlco produxit et sine mora concur- 



sued. The last of Cicero's orations 
that has come down to us, the Four- 
teenth Philippic, was delivered April 
22d, while a motion for a public 
thanksgiving (supp/icatio) for this 
victory was being debated in the 
Senate. 2. cum quo : the antece- 



served the full time required by law, 
enlist as volunteers. 7. tironum, 
ra-,u recruits. 10. duas cohortis 
praetorias, his own and that of 
Octavian. 14. Forum Gallorum, 
between Mutina and Bononia. 
16. levem armaturam, = -elites. 



dent is Pansa, not Ilirti. 4. quin- 18. angustias . . . silvarum, the 
tarn tricesimam, sc. et. 5. cohor- defile between the swamp and the 



tis praetorias: the cohors praetoria 
was the body guard of a general. 
6. evocatorum, the veterans; the 



woods. 19. XII. cohortium, the ten 
of the legio Martia and the two 
cohortes praetoriae. 20. legiones 



term is used of those who having duae, sc. tironum. 21. vico, i.e. 



102 



CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. 



rit. Prlmo ita pugnatum est ut acrius non posset ex 
utraque parte pugnarl. Etsi dexterius cornu, in quo 
ego eram cum Martiae legionis cohortibus octo, impetu 

25 prlmo fugaverat legionem xxxv. Antoni, ut amplius 
passus D. ultra aciem, quo loco steterat, processerit. 
Itaque cum equites nostrum cornu circumlre vellent, 
recipere me coepT et levem armaturam opponere Mau- 
rorum equitibus, ne aversos nostros adgrederentur. In- 

30 terim video me esse inter Antonianos Antoniumque post 
me esse aliquanto. Repente equum immisi ad earn 
legionem tlronum quae veniebat ex castrls scuto reiect5. 
Antoniani me InsequI; nostri plla conicere velle. Ita 
nescio quo fato sum servatus, quod sum cit5 a nostrls 

35 cognitus. In ipsa Aemilia, ubi cohors Caesaris praeto- 
ria erat, diu pugnatum est. Cornu sinisterius, quod erat 
inflrmius, ubi Martiae legionis duae cohortes erant et 
cohors praetoria, pedem referre coeperunt quod ab 
equitatu circumibantur, quo vel plurimum valet Anto- 

40 nius. Cum omnes se recepissent nostri ordines, reci- 
pere me novissimus coepi ad castra. Antonius tamquam 
victor castra putavit se posse capere ; qu5 cum venit, 
complurls ibi amisit nee egit quicquam. 

Audita re Hlrtius cum cohortibus xx. veteranls re- 

4S deuntl Antonio in sua castra occurrit copiasque eius 
omnls delevit fugavitque eodem loco ubi erat pugna- 



Forum Gallorum. 23. dexterius, = 
dextrum, of which it is the compara- 
tive form. 32. castris, sc. Pansae. 
— reiecto, i.e. over the shoulder ; 
this was done to prevent being mis- 
taken by his own men for a foe, or 



to protect his back from the missiles 
of the pursuers. 35. Aemiiia, sc. 
via ; this crossed Cisalpine Gaul 
from Ariminum to Placentia, and is 
even now in use. 41. novissimus, the 
last of all. 46. delevit, annihilated. 



THE BATTLE AT FORUM GALLORUM. 103 

turn, ad Forum Gallorum. Antonius cum cquitibus hora 
noctis quarta se in castra sua ad Mutinam recepit; 
Hlrtius in ea castra rediit uncle Pansa exierat, ubi duas 
legiones rellquerat, quae ab Antonio erant oppugnatae. 50 

Sic partem maiorem suarum cdpiarum Antonius amlsit 
veteranarum, nee id tamen sine aliqua iactura cohortium 
praetoriarum nostrarum et legionis Martiae fieri potuit. 
Aquilae duae, signa lx. sunt relata Anton!. Res bene 
gesta est. A. d. xvi. Kal. Mai. ex castrls. 55 

52. nee . . . potuit: Galha appar- j received a mortal wound. Hirtius 
entlv did not know that Pansa had I was killed in battle a few days later. 



TYPOGRAPHY BY j. S. CISHINC & CO., NORWOOD, MASS. 



9 1899 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




003 074 036 1