LD 2381 .C6 1914 Copy 1 FACTS FOR FRESHMEN CONCERNING The University of Illinois LD X6 Book ?A_ n^f Facts For Freshmen CONCERNING The University of Illinois Intended for Young Men About to Enter College BY THOMAS ARKLE CLARK Dean of Men ARTHUR RAY WARNOCK Assistant Dean of Men Published by the University 1914 % \ v'>%l^ ^ OF a. SFP -21 IS14 r oreword This little book is intended primarily for young men who are entering or who have entered the University of Illinois. It is hoped that it will make them better acquainted with the history and the life of the institution, and that it will give them help and information for which they might often hesi- tate to ask. INDEX PAGE Getting Started 7 Choosing a Course 11 The Problem of Living 20 The Freshman in College 28 Class Attendance 41 Studies and Other Things 44 College Activities 52 Class Organization 75 Historical Sketch 81 The Organization of the University 90 The Campus and University Buildings 92 Miscellaneous Information loi Calendar 104 Getting Started Presuming that you have decided to enter the University of Illinois, that you are a graduate of an accredited high school, and so do not need to take entrance examinations, that you have chosen your course, and that you have a permit from the Registrar to enter the college you have selected, there are still a few directions which it might be well at the outset to give attention to. You can come into Champaign or Urbana by the Illinois Central, the Big Four, or the Wabash rairoads, or by the Illinois Traction System. Whichever way you may come, a local electric car will land you at the University grounds within a few minutes. You will be met at or on the train by all sorts of commissaries or representatives, each of whom will offer to conduct you about, and will at the same time solicit your patronage of his boarding club or lodging house, or other particular pet scheme. Go slowly. As to the choice of a lodging place. 1. Be sure that your room is clean, sanitary, well heated, and wxll lighted. 2. Do not take a room without making a definite con- tract, and it will be better if this is in writing. 3. Do not make a contract for more than one semester, and it is better that your agreement be such that you can give up the room at the end of any month if it does not prove satisfactory. 4. Be sure that the bedding is clean and that the linen will be frequently changed. 5. The fewer lodgers there are in the house the better. 6. Have a definite understanding as to whether or not you are to pay for vacations. 7 8 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS As to getting registered. 1. If you have obtained a permit to register before com- ing to the University, go first to the office of the Dean of your college. 2. If you have not obtained a permit, go first to the office of the Registrar. 3. At the office of the Dean of your college you will be given help and specific directions for registering. Fol- low these carefully, and ask questions if you are in doubt. 4. Fill out carefully the coupon blank given you and be sure that in the part you retain for your own reference you have the instructors^ names and the numbers of the recitation rooms. 5. After having turned in your study list you can not change a subject or drop a course without the ap- proval of the Assistant Dean of your college. 6. Class attendance is supposed to begin at once and to be regular. 7. Students are not expected to cut class at all. 8. You will be measured for your military suit at some time during the week of registration. 9. Military drill and the lectures in personal hygiene begin the week following registration. You must not miss the first of these. 10. If you do not find your name posted consult the Dean •of Men. As to the management of your money. 1. Open a bank account at once, even if you have little money; it will establish your credit and teach you business methods. 2. Set out to live within your income; don't borrow or go into debt. FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 9 3. Don't join everything. The Athletic Association, the Y. M. C. A., the Students' Union, are all good. Join the Hospital Association whether you can afford it or not. 4. Don't buy everything that is offered for sale, or sub- scribe for everything that is published. 5. Take the Illini and other college publications if you can afford them, for they keep you in touch with col- lege life. 6. Don't pledge yourself to a fraternity until you have had a little time to look around and to study the fel- lows who may ask you; you can always have time if you insist upon it. As to general suggestions, 1. If you wish to drop a subject after registration do it regularly. If you *'cut" out of it you are very likely to get into serious trouble. 2. If you want information or advice of any sort call at the office of the Dean of Men. 3. Don't select a physician except upon the advice of some reliable University officer. 4. Begin to study as soon as your lessons are assigned. As to getting a job. 1. Don't try to work unless you must, and don't do it then unless you have more than average ability, con- centration, and physical strength. 2. You should be on hand a week before the University opens if you want to be sure of a job. 3. Go first for suggestions to the Y. M. C. A. or to the office of the Dean of Men, and then strike out for yourself. You can get a job if you keep at it. lO UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 4. Washing dishes, waiting table, and tending furnaces, are the jobs most easily obtainable by freshmen. 5. You must see to it that your study schedule and your outside work do not conflict. 6. If such a conflict arises see the Assistant Dean of your college or the Dean of Men. 7. If you have to work for more than your board, you should seldom carry a full schedule of studies. 8. If you get a job, no matter how menial or insignifi- cant it may be, do it as well as possible. You may want another some day. Choosing a Course When a young man announces to his friends in any un- metropolitan community that he is going to college, the first question he is likely to be asked is ''What are you going to study for?'* And when he goes home at Christmas time the first query with which he will be confronted is ''What are you studying for?" Education, at least in the minds of the majority of people, is for an object; looks forward to a definite future. There are a number of high school graduates, no doubt, who should not go to college; those who do not care for books or study, those who have no intel- Some Not lectual outlook or ambitions, those who Fitted for have heavy home obligations, or those College whose ambitions are chiefly to make money quickly, those who have little money and less talent, and the morally and physically weak — all these, or the most of them, at least, would often be better off if they went immediately to work rather than to waste their ow^n time, and the time of every one with whom they associate, in trying to carry a college course. Some must still toil with their hands, and reach success or failure without the training of books and why not these? As matters are now there are certain professions into which one is not likely successfully to enter without a college education. It is true that in the past men Some Profes- have often made a success in the ministry, sions Require in teaching, in law, in medicine, in scien- College Training tific investigations, and in engineering, with- out the exact and rigid training which col- lege offers, and it is also true that men sometimes will still reach distinction in these lines of work without such train- ing, but the number is growing gradually smaller. If one is to distinguish himself in any one of these lines he will do so most readily by giving himself the most thorough college training possible. II 12 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS The choice of a profession, of a college course, should not be dependent, as it too often is, upon either chance or our associations. In choosing a course from Individual the long list of courses which the Uni- Should Choose versity offers the decision should be left very largely to you as an individual. The work you are to follow you should yourself select. Your father and mother may express preferences, your teachers and friends may give advice, but after all it is you who are to live the life, and do the work, and succeed or fail. You should listen to the advice, and have regard for the prefer- ences, but you should not be dominated by them. First of all you should determine the sort of work for which you are best fitted. You will be helped in this self- analysis by studying your work in the high Personal school, and determining from this what Fitness you have done most successfully. Your Necessary friends and teachers will be able to help you in this regard, though they may some- times be prejudiced in your favor, and decide that you can do a thing well because they desire you to do it well. If you do not enjoy mathematics, and if you get on with difficulty in these subjects, you are not likely to be a successful engineer; if literature and language do not appeal to you, and if you have little imagination or love of the beautiful, you should not elect to be either a poet or an architect; if you have been awkward and unsuccessful in the chemical or biological laboratory you should in all probability not make science your major subject. Besides studying your own fitness for a course of study, your choice may very well be influenced by what you like. If you like your work you will go at it Choose What with more energy and enthusiasm than if You Like it were distasteful to you, and so you will be very much more likely than otherwise to do it well. No matter how admirably we may be situated in the work in which we are engaged, there will come regularly the difficult, or the unexpected situation. There are always FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 1 3 unpleasant tasks in whatever business we may be engaged, and if we have no love for our work, if it does not interest us, if we can not come to it each day with exhilaration and joy, then we are indeed unfortunate. Do not choose a course of study simply because it seems in itself desirable. Scores of students fail in technical courses for the reason that they have chosen their course of study on its merits without determining their personal fitness to pursue such a course. No course of study, no matter how well planned it may be, is a good one for you unless you have some special fitness for it. Neither should you choose your course of study on the principle that the best course is the one that leads immediately to the most remunerative position. Your future success does not depend upon the course you take, but upon your own talents and especially upon your preparation and fitness to fill an important place. There are always opportunities for those who are thoroughly prepared to take advantage of them. A good many students choose a course of study because it seems easier than another, or be- cause it may be completed within a somewhat shorter time. Such a method is a very foolish one. Often the best course is the most difficult, and the one which takes the longest time to complete. If you have to work for your living in college you will usually show judgment if you do not plan to com- plete your work within the four years. A year more or less does not matter, provided you have done your work well. You are not likely to earn your living, and do in the same time creditably the work to which other students have all their time to devote. You will be sensible to take another year. There are certain mental and moral traits, no doubt, which are necessary to success in any line. It is quite con- ceivable that in order to get on as a presi- Other Traits dent of a great railroad system, or as a Necessary coal heaver, one should have energy. In- dustry, also, is necessary, no matter what we are trying to accomplish. Integrity, persistence, applica- tion, self-confidence within limits are all required if one is to 14 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS succeed in the most exalted positions or at the humblest tasks. If after you have entered upon a course chosen in all good faith, it comes to you that you have made an unwise choice, and are attempting something for Don't Be Afraid which you are not fitted, and for which to Change you have no liking, do not hesitate to change. Finish the semester you have be- gun, and do your work energetically, and as well as you can. It is quite likely that the work you are carrying will apply as electives on another course you may choose, but even if this is not true you will not want to show yourself a ''quitter*' in the midst of a game, and you will not be so likely to secure permission to change to a second course if you have not done your best in the first one. In choosing a course of study at a state institution like the University of Illinois, which is supported by the people of the State, you should do so not only Service to with an idea of what is best fitted to your the State own talents and tastes, and of what will bring you the most gratifying financial re- turns, but you should have in mind, also, in making your choice, that which will give you an opportunity for service to the State. Your education will cost the State of Illinois many times the amount which you will in fees pay to the institution. You are to pay this back by good citizenship ; by doing creditably whatever work you elect to do ; by doing it better than other people do it, and better than you yourself would have been able to do without the training you are to receive. When you choose your course, and when you are pursuing your course you should not lose sight of this fact. Every year I seem to meet more and more young men who want to go to college, but who are at sea as to what sort of work to take. They do not know just what each par- ticular course prepares a man to do, and they too often drop into something for which they are not fitted just because some friend has suggested that it is a ''good course to take." FACTS FOR FRESHMEN I5 Now, any course is a good one if the student shows fitness for it and interest in it. The courses in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences are to prepare one for business or for a profession or to give him general training. Those persons who Liberal Arts take these courses go into teaching, or and Sciences business, or later take up the work of medicine, or the ministry, or law. Those who have faculty in writing, who enjoy the study of English and other languages, who read rapidly and speak correctly, should go into this college. Those who enjoy science and who wish to find their work in the practical application of science may have a chance in the study of physics, chemistry, ceramics, and other special or technical courses. The student who later expects to study medicine will also find his pre- liminary training in science and literature in this college. The student entering upon an engineering course should understand that he is taking the initial step leading to an exacting profession. Skill of hand is de- Engineering sirable, but not essential, though skill of hand alone will not make an engineer. The engineer's activities are based chiefly upon intellectual qualities and attainments. The man builds well as an engi- neer who understands the facts of practice and who is able to adapt these facts to his peculiar problems. The student who has fair ability, and a willingness to work, may achieve success as an engineer. Some taste for mathematics is a prerequisite, and in any case success in the mathematical work of a chosen course is absolutely essential. The College of Engineering ofTers courses in Architec- ture, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Mining Engineering, Municipal and Sanitary Engineering, and Railway Engineering, and each of these courses prepares for a definite work, the character of which is suggested by the name. 1 6 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS The boy brought up on a farm, with a training received in the country, and with land of his own, or a chance to get land, should find his life work on the farm Agriculture unless he can give a more than ordinarily good reason for doing otherwise. Men who like the free, independent, open life of the country, who enjoy working out of doors, who like animals, who take pleas- ure in nature, will find boundless opportunities in agriculture. It is interesting to note that half the students who come to the University College of Agriculture have not been brought up on a farm, and do not come from the farm, but from the towns and cities. Some of these men do not intend to become farmers, but expect to be bankers, business men, scientists, and they realize how closely these other interests are con- nected with scientific agriculture. The courses in agriculture at the University offer a suffi- cient variety of special lines to adapt themselves to the tastes and talents of the individual. One can not graduate without some special training, nor without having done some work to broaden his intellectual outlook. The major work of the college is done in five departments, — Agronomy, Animal Hus- bandry, Dairy Husbandry, Horticulture, and Household Sci- ence. The last of these furnishes training for young women in the science and art of household affairs and home making, as well as prepares teachers of domestic science in the schools. Men are not, however, excluded from these courses. Whether a man spcializes in Agronomy, Animal Husbandry, Dairy Husbandry, or Horticulture should be determined by his tastes, his probable location after graduation, and his oppor- tunities to go into one sort of work or another. The student with a farm of his own should be guided largely by what is possible or best to do with that farm. Regular students entering the College of Law are now required to obtain two years of general college credit before they are admitted. Students twenty-one Law years of age, or over, may be admitted as special students, but are not eligible for a degree. Those who study law to acquaint themselves with FACTS FOR FRESHMEN \J its principles as a part of a general education, without any intention of going into the practice of the profession, are increasing in number, but the qualifications for success on the part of these are not materially different from those qualifications required for the successful pursuit of a general education. The student who takes up the study of law for the pur- pose of later engaging in the practice of law as a profession should have a mind capable of logical analysis. A good memory, an untiring industry are not sufificient; the student must be able to apply legal reasoning to the solution of the questions submitted to him or he will fail as a lawyer. He must have the ability to think independently, to reason accur- ately. Law is made up of formal rules and precedents, but if the system is to live it must grow. The demand for lawyers of constructive ability is greater in this than in any other age. The law student should be of a practical turn of mind. The lawyer is called upon to solve the problems born of the struggle between conservative and radical forces; he should be of so practical a turn of mind that he can get away from old worn-out precedents, and at the same time not try to de- molish the entire structure of legal machinery. The idealist, the extremist, the socialist should not try to be a lawyer. The law student should have the power of ready ex- pression, both in writing and in speech. This ability is, of course, largely a matter of cultivation, but there should be some natural talent, especially if the student is ambitious to succeed as an advocate. He must have a guarded tongue, how- ever. The lawyer who talks too much, or too freely, does not inspire confidence. Men come to him with their troubles and their secrets. The law recognizes this fact in shielding the attorney and the client from testifying to any disclosures made by the client. If it is hard for the student to keep a close mouth, if he has a natural proneness to throw open his windows and expose his furniture, then he should not take up the profession of law. l8 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS Above all the young man who enters the study of law with a view to practicing the profession should have the in- stincts of honesty in a high degree. There is no profession in which the temptations to dishonesty, and the opportunities to commit fraud are greater than in the legal profession; and yet the success that is attained by sharp practice, cunning, and misrepresentation, is of short life. The brilliant lawyer with a low sense of honor never attains a high standing in his profession. The crook is out of place in the law. A great many people advise the young man not to go into the law, for the reason, as they say, that there are too many lawyers. No other profession offers wider opportunities for advancement and influence to young men of integrity, ability, and industry. Even at the outset the well-trained man may make a living, and will not need to "starve for ten years" as was once said to be expected. The student who takes up the work of the librarian should Idc methodical, adaptable, forceful, tactful, and careful of his appearance, since he will regularly have to Library Science meet people in a business way, and must be capable of doing business with the young and the old, the educated and the illiterate. The successful librarian is an organizer, and an administrator. The "lady-like" man need not apply for a job as librarian. He may not wisely be dogmatic in his views, but he must be able to think for himself, and to stand on his own feet. The librarian must know about books rather than to be a lover of books, or even a reader of books. There is a saying that "The librarian who reads is dead," which means that the up-to- date librarian is too busy to find time to read books ; he must know what is in them without reading them. Students who apply for admission to the Library School must present credentials showing that they possess a bach- elor's degree either from the University, or from some other approved college. The Library course is two years in length, and covers all phases of practical and technical Library work. The fact that the School is located in the University library is of inestimable value to students. FACTS FOR FRESHMEN IQ The demand for men as librarians, and as heads of de- partments in libraries is constantly increasing, with little like- lihood of its being supplied. The occupation is a pleasant one, which gives a man an immediate social standing in the com- munity in which he is employed. The life is independent, the hours are reasonable, and the remuneration satisfactory. The courses offered in the School of Music may very profitably form a part of a good general education. If, how- ever, a student hopes to make music a Music profession, and from its practice to earn a living, or to accomplish something of distinction, he should hesitate about going into it unless he has demonstrated pretty thoroughly that he has more than commonplace musical ability in one direction or another. Few professions are more exacting or demand for success greater genius or more persistent practice through many years. With fair skill, however, and a willingness to work, a music student has a reasonable future to look forward to, especially if he has had training in more than one line. If one has studied the piano, for instance, and can at the same time sing, play a violin, or a band instrument, he is likely to find satisfactory employment. Public school music is now re- ceiving attention all over the country, and offers opportuni- ties for those who have had the required training. It is only the broadly trained musician with some talent who will ever reach any degree of distinction. The Problem of Living I In the early days of the University students found the most attractive places to live at some distance from the campus, often lodging two miles or more from the University grounds. Now students are crowded as thickly and as closely as possible about the University, no one living more than a few blocks from the campus, excepting as he may wish to find a lodging place at a low price. All the college activities are near the campus, and if one wishes to enjoy these he must pay for the privilege. The farther away one goes the more removed he is from the real college life, and the more cheaply he can find lodging. One who has a reasonable amount of money furnished him need not consider these rela- tively small differences, however. A student coming to the University for the first time should not put off the selection of a lodging place until registration day, or he is likely to have Getting a little choice left him. He should choose Room early and thoughtfully with regard to his own comfort and convenience. Usually two students live together in one room, and this room is their home — parlor, study, living room, bed chamber all combined in one. It is desirable that it be well located, well heated, and well cared for. AH these points should be carefully con- sidered before the room is contracted for — they are much better adjusted before than after one has become a tenant. The matter of neighbors is important. It is undesirable for many freshmen to occupy the same lodging house; their habits of study are likely to be unformed. Neighbors and they waste each others' time without knowing it. It is unwise to live in a house where more than half the students are freshmen. Con- genialty and community of interest are well worth looking for; the new student is influenced materially for good or for evil by the men with whom he lives. 20 FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 21 When you make a contract for a room be sure you have a definite and specific agreement, written if necessary. The custom in Champaign and Urbana, which Making a for all practical purposes is the law, is to Contract hold students to whatever contract, oral or written, which they have made. If no definite time is set, then, whether he gives notice or not, the student must pay simply for the month on which he his entered, and may leave at any time. If he makes a definite agreement for a semester, or for the year, for instance, then he is held to this, and unless he can show that the landlady has broken her contract, must pay for the full time. Students should keep these points in mind; for the fact that one later finds that he can get a better room at a cheaper rate, or find a more agreeable location, or get into a fraternity, does not absolve him from the responsibility of his contract. Usually, however, if he can discover some one who is willing to take the room off his hands he is allowed to move. As to the pay- ment of rent during the Christmas and other vacations, no general custom prevails. Some landladies make no deductions from the regular price; some charge but half rates for the time students are absent; and others make no charge at all. It is, therefore, all a ^natter of previous agreement, concern- ing which the student should be careful and definite. A list of available rooms in both cities, with description and prices, is ordinarily kept by the Young Men's Christian Association, where it may be consulted Y. M. C. A. freely by students. The office of the Dean List of Men will also be glad to furnish any information w^hich may aid students in the intelligent selection of lodging places. A comparison of prices will show that room rent is somewhat higher in Champaign than in Urbana, and some- what higher on Green, John, Daniel, and Comparison Chalmers streets in Champaign than in of Prices other parts of the city. About forty-five per cent, of the students live in Urbana, and about fifty-five in Champaign. It is also usually true 2.2 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS that a relatively larger percentage of the upper classmen live in Champaign than in Urbana. This is accounted for by the fact that practically all of the men's organizations have their houses or their headquarters in Champaign. The sensible student will not move often. If in business life three moves are equal to a fire, in college life that many moves are generally equal to a flunk; for Don't Move the man who can not get on with his land- Often lady is not likely to be more successful with his instructors. Every student should select such a place to live as will enable him to live comfort- ably, and to do his work quietly and regularly. The work of a college course is a man's work, and it takes most of the student's time to do it well. It is sometimes difficult to do it even under the most comfortable and favorable conditions. On this most important subject of getting on with the the landlady I might offer a few suggestions. The freshman's conduct in his room — and it is most fre- Getting on with quently the freshman who has the trou- the Landlady ble — ^very largely determines the landlady's frame of mind. A quiet, polite, orderly freshman usually hooks up with an obliging, tidy landlady. The student ought not to burn the lights when it is unneces- sary. If he makes some effort to keep his personal effects picked up off the floor, the landlady will be encouraged to keep the room clean. It is almost a hopeless task for her if the roomer takes no interest in keeping the place neat. If burnt matches and cigarette stubs and waste paper, and soiled clothing clutter the floor he need not be surprised if she is careless with the dusting. If the landlady goes to bed early, the student ought not to practice bass drum solos or start an impromptu concert at midnight. If he is of such a temperament as to require large numbers of friends to visit him, he ought to time their calls and the racket incident thereto in such a manner as to leave the other inhabitants of the place some opportunity to rest. If he shows courtesy and thoughtfulness, she is quite likely to prove an agreeable landlady. FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 2^ There are a great many places about the University where students may get meals. Most students lodge at one place, and get their meals at another. The Meals boarding clubs and restaurants are man- aged in various ways. Some are "coopera- tive," some are managed by students, others are under private control ; but in any case the price of meals varies little, and one place is about as good as another. At some places both men and women are served, and at others only men are ad- mitted. There is perhaps more conventionality and better service at the mixed clubs than at others. The boarding house exclusively for men is likely to cause a degeneration in table manners. In recent years there have grown up about the campus a number of lunch rooms where one may get a respectable meal for a relatively small sum. These Avoid Lunch places serve twenty-one meals for a stated Counters sum, and because they allow the greatest freedom as to time and regularity of at- tendance upon meals they have been extensively patronized. The service at these places is rapid, but usually crude, and the influences are unrefined. The boy who eats his meals with a rush is very likely to develop chronic indigestion, and unconventional service is pretty sure to encourage crude and careless manners ; neither one of these things the college man can afford to carry about with him. The fact, too, that at such places the student pays only for what he selects, and so is given a chance to save money when his hunger is easily appeased, often leads him to choose an ill-nourishing or badly balanced ration. The student who tries to save money on his regular meals is laying up for himself an inheritance of in- digestion, of which he will find it difficult or impossible to rid himself. 24 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS All that has been said applies to the boy who has suffi- cient money, and whose chief problem is how to use his time discreetly, and how to spend his Earn Your money wisely. The young fellow who must Way Only If himself make his living, or even a part of You Must it, while he carries a college course, is in a much more difficult situation. Hundreds of students every year perform the double task successfully, but the efforts of many result in ill health and intellectual failure. There are few things about which more foolish statements are made by the general public than concerning the advantages which are supposed to accrue from working one's way through college. Poverty is always uncomfortable, and sel- dom a help. To earn one's way in college takes time and energy which might usually be devoted to more profitable things. No one should try it who is not forced to do so. Any one who is to earn his living in college should not begin without some money. It is better to defer entering college for a year or two after graduation Should Have from high school than to enter with no Some Money resources, and to be forced to depend upon picking chance jobs here and there for ex- istence. Fees, books, and other supplies draw heavily upon the student's resources at the beginning, and he must have something with which to meet this heavy drain. It is suffi- ciently difficult to adjust one's self immediately to a new en- vironment without adding to this the necessity at the same time of earning one's living. Nor is it easier, as boys often think, to earn one's living in college than it is to do so in other places, especially in small places like Champaign and Urbana, where hundreds of other people are trying to do the same thing. The work of a college course is supposed to take the most of one's leisure time, so that one who enters college should have at least enough money to carry him for a half year, and it would be wiser if he had enough for an entire year's expenses. It is seldom wise for such a man to attempt to carry a full schedule of studies. FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 25 Boys who come for the first time to country places like Champaign and Urbana do not at first realize how many men there are who are trying to earn a Hardest for living, and how difficult it sometimes is for New Men a new man at once to find something to do. Students who have been in college the pre- vious year have wisely picked up all the best jobs before going home, so that little is left for the newcomer except the dis- card — that is waiting table, washing dishes or tending fur- naces. The skilled laborer always gets more for his services than the one who can do nothing miore than ordinarily well. A student who can do no special work must Skill a take what he can get, and will receive for Help his services only the payment which is given the common laborer, that is com- monly twenty or twenty-five cents an hour. One who has learned a trade will very rapidly find employment on Satur- days, and for his odd hours. Those with special talents may earn their living more easily than others not so endowed. People who sing, or who play a musical instrument well, draftsmen, chauffeurs, barbers, bookkeepers, stenographers, and any with special training are much better fitted to help themselves than are those without such training. The boy who intends to take upon himself the burden of earning his living while in college should be mature — and by that I mean usually nineteen or Special twenty years of age. The burden is too Qualities great for the young boy to assume. He Necessary should have a good physique, for he will often be forced to keep irregular hours, either to bring up his college work, or to do his outside work. He will get into difficulty if he slights either. The boy who works for his living will have to give more conscious atten- tion to his clothing than other fellows, because he is not likely to have a new suit often; he must look neat, and yet his work is pretty sure to be hard on his clothing. He must keep his clothes in good condition, therefore, or he will soon come to 26 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS have a sloveny appearance. // any man needs to learn neat- ness of appearance^ and care in dress, it is the student who works for his living. He must be resourceful and adaptable, able to fit in any- where, and able also to use his brain in his work. It is the student who first meets an unsolved con- Waiting Table dition, or satisfies an unsatisfied want, who Easiest for makes good at earning a living. The num- New Man ber and variety of the places where a stu- dent may get work at the University is almost infinite, though of course the new student, as I have said, is most likely to find occupation in waiting table at the innumerable fraternities, clubs, and boarding houses about the campus. For this service he usually receives his board. Every one should depend on himself for a job. Very few people will hire a man solely on someone else's recommenda- tion; they want to see him and size him up themselves. A week before college opens is a good time to arrive in Ur- bana, the Young Men's Christian Association employment bureau will help, and the Dean of Men is a good man to see for initial directions ; then strike out for yourself, and if within two days you do not have a job it is your own fault. In getting a job at college it is the early bird that catches the caterpillar. The student who is earning his living is doing a double business, neither part of which he can afford to neglect. If the food supply runs out, he is put out Must Do of business, and if he fails at his studies, a Double he is put out of college, so there you are. Business He makes good in both lines only by con- serving his energies, developing concentra- tion of mind, and cultivating system in the use of his time. He can not afford to waste a moment. He will often have to sacrifice much, to keep out of many things that he would like to be a part of — athletics, social pleasures, college activi- ties generally, — and he will not always be able to do his col- lege work as well as he would like. College life is for him a FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 2"] compromise between what he would like to do, and what he must do. Whether a student has much or little money it is a good thing for him to establish business relations as soon as he comes to Champaign or Urbana. If pos- Don't Go sible each student should have a definite Into Debt monthly allowance due on a specific day, and on this he should see to it that he lives. It is better to have a bank account, and to pay all bills and accounts by check. Then the disagreements which frequently arise as to whether or not a bill has been paid will be impos- sible. Since students expect to live in a college town for four years they should not underestimate the importance of establishing at once a creditable reputation with the mer- chants with whom they are to do business. It is a good thing to have a regular place to trade, and to become per- sonally acquainted with the men with whom you spend your money. Dont go into debt, and don't borrozv of the other fellows in order to do things which you can not afford. It is never easier to pay up out of next month's allowance than it has been to meet your obligations out of this month's. It is not the size of your allowance which causes you to get on easily, but the way in which you manage what you have. The Freshman in College One can always tell you are a freshman at college. You may be as self-possessed as possible; you may dress as you choose; you may ask no foolish questions, Freshmen or show no lack of familiarity with the col- Always Known lege customs; but you are a marked man the moment you set foot on the campus. Whether you come from Chicago or a country town in Egy^pt with one general store and a post office, it makes little difference, you can not conceal the fact that you are a new comer beginning your first experience in college. You are like the American in Paris, or Rotterdam, who thinks that if he does not speak no one will know him for a for- eigner, but who is spotted a block away by every small boy, and fakir, in the street. No one knows how he tells a freshman — it is something of a matter of intuition. But the freshman learns rapidly to adapt himself to the new situation ; he Learns to picks up at once the ways of the campus ; Adapt Himself by Thanksgiving he seems like an old set- tler, and by the end of the year he is ready to meet incoming freshmen with unerring recognition and condescension. Sometimes he adapts himself too incom- pletely to his new environment. It is as much a fault to cling rigidly to one's home manners and habits and dress as it is to throw these to the winds and adopt the extremes of college customs and fads. In the unimportant things of college life it is well for the freshman to keep his eyes open and to "do as the Romans do" ; it is not wise for him, how- ever, on his return home at Thanksgiving to attempt to re- produce and to establish the customs of Rome in his home community. The differences between high school and college are marked, and are revealed in other directions quite as strongly as in physical and social ways. The high school boy who is thinking of taking up a college course seldom stops to con- sider — perhaps he ought not to be expected to know — that the methods of work and the ways of living are quite different in college from what they are in the high school. 28 FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 29 It is not surprising that your idea of college life is an erroneous one. What you know of college you have most frequently gained from the exaggerated Comes With accounts of student escapades which you Wrong Idea have seen in the newspapers, or from the of College stories which you have heard related by your big brother or the local athlete who have returned home from the scenes of their scholastic tri- umphs. Such tales are usually unhampered by facts, and concern themselves more with the unusual and unimportant things of college than with its real work. If you have visited the college at all it has more than likely been at the time of an important athletic contest, or of an interscholastic meet, when nobody works, or talks of work, and when the main thing under consideration is the victory, and perhaps the celebration which follows. As you saw college then, it was a collection of care free young fellows with little to do but to enjoy themselves, and perhaps occasionally, if nothing more important prevents, to attend a few lectures. In point of fact college life is a strenuous one, where every man has his work which must be given regular and serious at- tention. If you are to get on well in college, or in life for that matter, the sooner you recognize this fact and adapt yourself to the situation the better. Failure in college comes from a failure to recognize the fact that the aims of the college are different from those of the high school, that the amount of work required is greater, and that the methods of doing it must, also, be different. You must adjust your- self to these changed conditions if you would get on. As a high school boy you have seldom worked inde- pendently. The relations between you and your teacher have been closer, and more personal, than they High School are likely at first to be in college. You Boy Not knew that if your work were not done Independent when it should be, your teacher would re- mind you of the fact; if it were not done as it should be, the oft uttered directions would be repeated. When you were in difficulty there was some one to get you 30 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS out. If the translation was hard, or the theme subject not suggestive, or the problem in mathematics refused to be solved, someone would help. Even if your teacher proved indifferent, or incapable, there were father and mother, or older brothers and sisters, or friends to fall back upon as a last resort. Whatever you did, or thought, was somewhat under the supervision of someone older or more experienced than yourself. You judged of your success, or your progress, by what these people said of you or to you. In college it is different. Everyone must look after himself ; much of his training consists in his doing so. If he doesn't hustle, no one is likely at once to call his attention to the fact. The problem of living has not materially concerned you before you came to college. You have lived at home, and your comings and goings have been under Some One the direction of the older members of the Has Thought household. The most of your wants have for You been provided for without much thought or attention on your part. Mother has darned your stockings and picked out your neckties, and father has paid the bills. You have usually had relatively little money to spend, and even your companions, if they have not been directly selected by your parents, have yet come to you through your environment quite as much as from your de- liberate choice. Your habits are as much the result of the conventions and customs of the community in which you have been brought up as of your own tendencies or inclina- tions. If you learned to dance it was because all the fellows did; if you went to church regularly, that was no necessary indication that you were religiously inclined; it was simply the custom. When you needed anything you asked for it, often without knowing much as to what it cost or where it came from. If your friends were not what they should be, or if your time were not well occupied, you knew very well that some one would shortly let you know about it. You had not yet been trained in independence or self-reliance of action. You were in most regards still a child. FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 3 1 At college it is different. When your study program is decided upon the disposal of your time is largely in your own hands. You may study one thing or an- In College You other, or you need not study at all. You Must Decide may read in the library, or walk down for Yourself town, or watch the team practicing on Illi- nois Field; there is no one to call you to account. If you attend regularly upon classes, and show a reasonable intelligence regarding your studies, you may em- ploy your time as you please. You may choose your own companions, and act with absolute independence. There is a delightful freedom in all this which is sometimes deceiving. You may assume that since no one calls you to account today there will be no reckoning tomorrow, but in this you are mis- taken. Your time is your own, but it is your own to use wisely, and if you fail in this regard, you will suffer in the final reckoning, for there surely is to be one. I should not want you to feel that the life in college is vitally different than what it has been for each of you in your home communities, but at home your College Life comings and goings have been carefully Not Vitally watched and this fact has shielded you Different and has kept you from having to make many a decision youreslf. On entering college you will have some definite problems to face in a more personal way than they have ever before been presented to you. In most cases you Definite have previously been familiar more or less Problems closely with all the temptations which are to Face to be found in college, but at home you have often been shielded from them — they have been more a name than a reality to you. Sooner or later every man must meet temptation face to face and say yes or no to its proposals. To most young fellows the criti- cal time comes at about the age when he goes to college. For this the college is in no way responsible, though many conscientious men have tried to hang the blame there. 32 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS I should not feel that this little book was quite fulfilling its mission if in it I did not warn you against temptations peculiar to young men at the age when they enter college, and which in college, perhaps, are touched up with peculiar allurements and attractions. It is true that a large majority of young men are little touched by these temptations and still fewer are permanently injured by them, but those who fail in college do so usually not from inability to do the work, but because they are led away by these other and often baser things. First of all there is the habit of loafing. As a high school boy you have perhaps worked little. What you have acquired has been gained by cleverness and Learn to Work; quickness of preception rather than by con- Not to Loaf centration and hard study. This ability to work hard and to concentrate j'-our atten- tion upon your work you must learn, and you will seldom learn it except by serious practice. Most college men I think expect to work hard, but the trouble is to get at it today, and to keep at it tomorrow, and to concentrate the mind upon it while at work. Before you leave the train which is carrying you to your college town, some- times unfortunately even before you are out of high school, you will have made engagements for days and weeks in advance which will often seriously interfere with the real work of college. There is the fraternity rushing, and the open grate fire, and the pipe, and the vaudeville show, and the new found friend, and the moon smiling down and in- viting you out to stroll, and all these pleading in the strong- est terms for self-indulgence, and self-gratification. There are a thousand other new and fascinating things which you may call by any name you please, but which after all are only another name for loafing. If you get into the habit of dawdling away your time, you can conjure up a hundred ap- parently good excuses for not studying, and for not going to class. Perhaps one of the main reasons why it all seems so at- tractive and so safe is because the days are so long, and the FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 33 time of final reckoning so far ahead and youth is so optimis- tic. I seldom call a man for procrastination and neglect of duty who does not tell me that it had been his serious inten- tion to see me that day even if I had not called him, and I presume he is often telling the truth. I seldom talk to a loafer who has not promised himself, even before I urge him to get down to serious work, that he will stop his loafing at once. Loafing is a habit easily learned and hard to break, and it ruins more college careers, at the very outset, than does any other vice. Then you should have a regular time for going to work each evening and in the simple community in which we live this should seldom be later than half past seven o'clock. You should not be turned from the habit by alluring invitations to get into card games, or to stand around the piano and develop your taste for poor music, or to waste the evening in attendance upon a low class vaudeville show, or a racy moving picture performance, or even to sit in front of the fire and talk about politics or the girls with your room mate. When the time comes for study you should go to it as if you liked it, and do this six days in the week and three or four hours a day. If you do this for a month or two there will be little likelihood of your developing into a chronic loafer. I have said all of this knowing that every healthy young fellow will want pleasure and relaxation and knowing also that he ought to have it. But the day furnishes time enough for class work and study and recreation and sleep if the twenty-four hours are intelligently utilized, and there is plenty of healthy recreation for the body and the mind if one will look for it. The temptation to waste time in gambling is an ever present danger. There is a fascination in a game of chance which many a young man finds Gambling it hard to resist. It is so easy to argue Dangerous that one must have some recreation and that if the time spent in playing games of chance is not intemperate or in excess of what one can af- ford there should be no objection to the practice on the part of any sensible people. As to the money lost (or won, for 34 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS some one usually wins) it is often a neglible quantity, and in most cases not more perhaps than you might spend on a iirst class show or an entertainment of any sort. **What is the harm to me?" a young man asked me not long ago. *'I can afford the time and the money it costs me. Why should I not play poker for money?" I should answer that it is a dangerous habit, because it almost invariably leads to excesses. The gambler learns to take risks which he can not aft'ord, to waste time that should be given to something else, to bet and to lose money which was not intended for this purpose, and he develops at once a reputation for unreliability. No business man, even if he liimself gambles, cares to employ a young fellow who has or Avho has had the habit, simply because he knows the dangers which surround it. I have known few men who began the habit in college who found it easy to break it, and I have known none who, even though they played for sm.all stakes and won or lost very little money, were not injured by it. If the habit is nothing more it is a time waster and leads you into associations which it were usually better not to liave formed. As to drinking, many fellows say to me that they learned to drink at home with their fathers and mothers about the dinner table. This may all be Drinking true, and to such men I have nothing to Brings Coarse say, so long as they drink with their fath- Associations ers and mothers at home. The drinking habit as I have seen it practiced in our col- lege community for many years has never been a help or an advantage to any student, and it has usually been a distinct injury. The only excuse for it is that it is supposed to en- courage sociability and to promote good fellowship. In 1913 a law was passed in Illinois prohbiting any one from selling or giving away liquor within four miles of the State Uni- versity. When liquor can be obtained only by violating the law or by going to some disreputable or remote place to get it the sort of good fellowship which it encourages is not of a very high order. The kind of people both men and women FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 35 whom you are likely to meet at these places is not such as a college student will be helped by knowing, and the time spent in their society is not usually spent in such a way as to make you a better citizen. It is a fact, also, that prac- tically all the young fellows I have known who speak of the harmlessness of ''taking a glass of beer occasionally'' at one time or another take more than they can carry and are the worse for it. The loafing about saloons and drinking places will almost invariably develop in you lazy, shiftless habits, will lower your moral tone, and will injure your studies. Only today as I have been attending to my official duties I was called upon to talk to a young fellow about his work. He had been cutting classes badly, his grades were running down, and he seemed intellectually to be going to pieces. He had all sorts of excuses to give, but before he left me it all came out that he had been drinking instead of studying, and he had been cutting classes to sleep off the effects of his dis- sipation. The safest plan if you are going to college with the idea of doing honest, satisfactory work is to leave the drinking of intoxicating liquors to those who have no real interest in the development of their moral and intellectual powers, for the drinking habit will invariably play havoc with your college work, not to speak of your morals. Smoking, too, although it can scarcely be called an im- moral habit, has upon nervous and growing young fellows a bad effect. It is likely to develop restless- Smoking Dulls ness and indigestion with the result that the Brain your power of concentration is weakened, your brain dulled, and the likelihood of your doing good work very much lessened. The habit of using tobacco is in these days so common and so little thought of among young men that it seems almost a waste of time to speak against it. I have, however, seen too many nervous systems weakened by its use, and the work of too many students injured irreparably, not to utter a word of warning against it. Though the number of young fellows in college who smoke is regrettably large, you will gain nothing either in prestige or dignity by doing so. The abil- 36 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS ity to hold a pipe between the teeth or to puff at a cigarette does not make you more of a man even in a college com- munity, and the fact that you do not smoke brings you into no discredit. No one need to say that he was forced into smoking in college or that he was made uncomfortable by refusing to do so. If you find, therefore, that smoking is in- juring your temper and your pocketbook, and your studies, give it up ; you will be quite as popular as you were before, and may be more of a man. If you have come from a healthy home where you have been taught by a good mother to live a clean life and to re- spect all women, you may be shocked at first by some of the views which are presented to you, and later you may even come to the point of asking yourself if perhaps you have not been a trifle prudish in your ideas, and if the other fellow may be right in his views. There will be those who will try to teach you that it is not only not necessary for 3^ou to lead a chaste clean life, but that it is positively not a healthy thing for Respect for you to do so. They will teach you that if Women and you desire to gain your highest physical Clean Life Best development you must gratify your phys- ical desires, and such men are only too willing to show you how this may be done. The state- ments of thousands of reputable physicians are to the effect that no young man suffers physically by living a life of chastity, but on the contrary he gains in strength and en- durance by such a course. The young man who allows him- self to be led into the associations of lewd women either through curiosity or the desire to know something of "real life" is running the gravest sort of danger. Most men who submit themselves to such temptations fall a prey to them, and the result in most cases is a weakened will, a lowered moral tone, disease, a wrecked body, and eternal regret. Only a few months ago I stood beside the operating table where a young college student was about to submit to a critical operation to alleviate a disease which he had contracted from a prostitute. He was thinking, I know, of FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 37 the pain which he must endure and of the danger to his life, and looking up into my face he said, having in mind the many fellows to whom I talk every year, *'Tell them they always have to pay for it; they always have to pay for it." Through many years of observations on thousands of stu- dents I have come to know that the boy's words are true. The clean, continent life is the only safe one, and those young men who think otherwise and who gratify their physical pas- sions "pay for it" ultimately in ruined health, and ruined characters, and ruined studies. The student with a clean mind and clean morals has the best chance of winning the high scholastic standing. One other thing that you might very well keep in mind — some day you are going to want to have a home of your own; and to take to it the girl whom you have chosen to be your wife. If at that time you can come to her with a body free from the effects of disease and a past life clean and wholesome, you may count the sacrifices of self control as nothing compared with the satis- faction you will then feel. In coming to the University of Illinois, you will meet all of these temptations which I have named, but if you are to get the most out of your work, if you are You Can Meet to develop into the sort of citizen which Temptation the state is wanting to educate, you will meet them manfully and you will conquer them as it is possible for every strong, healthy man to do, and as most healthy fellows succeed in doing. No one can help you much; it is a part of the problem of living which you must yourself solve. Fathers and mothers often feel that this sending the boy away from home and putting him in the way of temp- tation and upon his own responsibility is a Must Take danger which they can not risk. They want Responsibility constantly to watch over, guide, and direct him, so they bring him to college and keep up the methods of childhood throughout his college career. It is an interesting fact that few boys whose homes are in a college town, or whose parents or guardians bring them to 38 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS college, and continue a more or less complete chaperonage over them while there, do well in their college work. A col- lege officer was asked not long ago by an otherwise sensible mother who had hovered anxiously over her young offspring during his high school course and for two years of his col- lege career, why he never accomplished anything. The reply was that he was never allowed to do so. Sometime or other, if one is to learn to swim, he must be thrown into the water, and allowed to make the struggle alone. It is not likely to work any damage if some one is sufficiently interested to stand by and watch the struggle, and if drowning is im- minent, which is seldom the case, to extend the helping hand, but usually the swimmer learns because he has to, as the muskrat was said to learn to climb a tree. Having been given preliminary training he must be allowed to work out his own methods ; he may go under a few times, and take on a little water, but he learns in the end to swim. It is equally true of the college man. He must learn independence, and self-reliance, and self-direction in the same way that young people learn to swim. One of the greatest sources of satisfaction to a college officer is to see how few suffer real disaster in the learning, and when these unfor- tunate results do come the trouble is quite as often at home as elsewhere, and would very likely have occurred no mat- ter where the young student had been. It is quite likely that at college you will learn for the first time the value of money. Few high school boys know how much they cost, or have had a great deal Learn Value of experience in expending the money that of Money went for their support. If you are given a regular monthly allowance, as you should be given, it will very likely at first seem large to you; you will be a wise boy if you spend it with discrimination and care. The fellows who are most regularly "broke," or hard up, are not the ones usually, who have the smallest allow- ance. It will be well for you if you are required to keep an account of your expenditures, or if not required to do so, if you still keep this account for your own enlightenment FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 39 and direction. The recording of your own financial indis- cretions will often keep you from further extravagance, and induce you to think twice before you part with your money. You will learn, or if you do not you should, that it often takes quite as much judgment and even genius to spend money wisely as to earn it. The tasks which must be accomplished in college are different, both in extent and purpose, from those which are exacted in high school. Perhaps nothing Work in is so painful a surprise to the college College Heavier freshman as that which comes to him on his first assignment of work. The number of problems you must solve, and the number of pages you must read seem appalling at first, or would seem so were it not for the fact that you will congratulate yourself that you have all the twenty-four hours at your disposal, and that there are eighteen weeks before the final examinations. You will learn in time, too, that it is not alone in the extent of the work which you are to cover that the college differs from the high school, but in the purpose to be accomplished in this work as well. You must think if you are to perform your tasks readily, and your thoughts must be your own. You must be independent; in short, you must be a man. You may ask advice if you wish; if you get into trouble there are those who will help you, but in large part the problems are yours, and they must be solved by you, in your own way, and in your own time. The matter of your associates is also a serious one. Your friends in your home community have seldom been con- sciously chosen, except perhaps within cer- Must Choose tain prescribed limits ; they have come Your Own largely from the families of the friends of Associates your father and mother. In college the case may be wholly different. The major- ity of the people with whom you are most intimately thrown you may very likely have never seen before; of their habits and their ancestors you can at first know but little. You should use caution, if you are to choose wisely. You will be 40 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS better off and safer in the end if you go slowly and look about you before you plunge into too fast friendships, either literally or figuratively. Your friends are most likely to be your making or your undoing. You have your opportunity to choose them consciously, and you should do this with a full knowledge of what your choice may mean. Good friends will lead you in the right direction, will help you to cultivate healthy, right habits, and will aid you in getting out of your college course the best there is in it. Ill chosen friends may easily defeat all the right purposes for which you have come to college. Now, as always, a man is judged by the company he keeps. All these problems which you will meet are difficult to solve. There is often home-sickness and discouragement, and sometimes, unfortunately, defeat; but in most cases the fresh- man can be relied upon. You know the hopes that are based on your success ; you know the disappointment that will come if you fail, and you will meet the situation manfully. Class Attendance One of the duties of the office of Dean of Men is to su- pervise the class attendance of the undergraduate men of the University. Absences are reported daily by the class instruct- ors and are recorded. When the absences of any member of the freshman or sophomore classes aggregate one-eighth of the whole number of semester recitations in a course, except- ing in cases of military and physical training, such student is dropped from that course. A junior, when absent one-fifth of the total number of recitations in a course, is dropped. When dropped, the student can be reinstated only by getting the consent of his instructor and of the Committee on At- tendance. If he is not reinstated, he receives a failure in the course at the end of the semester. No student will be allowed to withdraw from a course by the simple method of remaining away from class ; if he does this he will make him- self liable to discipline by the dean of his college. If you must be absent from class for a prolonged period, or if you wish to leave town, you should get an excuse from the office of the Dean of Men. Though your instructor is not permitted to excuse absence in any case, you may well make to him an explanation of your absence. If you have been sick or out of town for a good reason, he will probably be more likely to aid you in making up back work if he knows of that fact than he otherwise would. At the same time you must remember that absence from class for any reason, even for sickness, is harmful to your work and will be looked upon as such. You should attend every meeting of your class, if possible, and use your margin of cuts only for emergency cases. The regulation is often misunderstood to mean that every student is entitled to be absent a definite number of times without excuse. That meaning is not in the rule at all. Every student must go to all of his classes; if he does not 41 42 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS he becomes liable to discipline unless he has acceptable ex- cuses for each absence. The regulation means that when a student has been absent a certain number of times, his in- structor is given an opportunity of saying whether he may continue in class, whether he should make up work missed, or whether he is so far behind with his work that he cannot continue with any hope of passing the course. In Military you should have no "absences without leave" on your record. If you must be absent from a drill period, you must get an excuse from the office of the Dean of Men, and you should present this to the military office before the hour of drill, and at latest before Saturday noon of the week in which the absence occurs. If you cannot do this personally or by telephone, arrange with a friend to do it for you and be sure that he does it. It will pay you to read carefully the rules of the Military Department upon this and all other points, for a part of their instruction is in discipline, and you will suffer a penalty if you violate their rules. The Director of Physical Training will excuse students for sickness if they present an excuse from the office of the Dean of Men. As you grow older in your course you will discover that the temptations to cut class come more frequently and with apparently better reasons for doing so. As you become in- volved in a confusion of work to be done, you will be sorely tempted to stay away from one class to prepare the work for another, or to stay away to avoid a failure to recite. This is a bad policy; it can be compared to the world-old blunder of robbing Peter to pay Paul — a blunder committed only by peo- ple whose fortunes are at a low ebb. You will lose immeas- urably by it. It is far better to go to class, take the medicine of failure to recite, and reform afterward. Your increasingly active participation in outside interests will offer, also, many reasons why you might frequently cut class. Your fraternity, your religious work, your athletics, debating teams, or your attempts to earn money are some of the interests that may serve as seemingly good reasons why you may be irregular in class attendance. But even the best of these are poor ex- cuses. The most efficient men in college activities are usually FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 43 those who do their classwork well. That man who fulfills all his obligations is the most valuable man to the interest with which he is allied. Y. M. C. A. men who flunk weaken their influence with other students ; fraternity men who are over-zealous in their fraternity work, often deprive their fra- ternity of their efforts by being forced to leave college; and many athletes betray their teams by failing to remain eligible. In this respect a burden of outside activities is as obnoxious as indolence. It can be shown that seventy-five per cent, of those who fail to pass in their courses have been careless or irregular in their class attendance. A real secret for success and happiness in college is regularity in appointments of all kinds, and not the least of these is the class period. Studies and Other Things* No one disputes the fact that for a young fellow in col- lege studies are the main thing. Father thinks so. When Son comes home for the spring vacation Studies the Father shows no feverish interest in his Main Thing chances for making the ball team or get- ting in w^ith the gang that names the can- didate for class president. His first question is, "How are you coming on with your studies?'' The neighbors, or at least such of them as hold recognized positions in the com- munity, think so. When at Christmas time you meet the pas- tor of the M. E. Church, or Goff who runs the grain elevator, or young Miller who is working in the Farmers' Loan Bank, he doesn't speak about your getting onto the scrubs in your first year, nor inquire if you've made a Greek letter frater- nity; the first thing he wants information on is your studies. It is the grade in Math. 9 and the Phi Beta Kappa pin that take Father's eye; and three home runs in the ball game with Chicago don't mean so much to the home community as an excerpt in the local paper from the letter which the Dean wrote to Father announcing that you'd made preliminary honors. The college faculty, little as their judgment may be worth, thinks so. No matter how beautifully you do the quarter mile, or how necessary you are to the success of the mandolin club, if you don't carry the required nine hours, or whatever the rule may demand, you must move on. So every one starting into the University of Illinois might just as well recognize at the outset that studies are the main thing, and make his plans accordingly. Every young man who begins a college course should do so with the idea that he is in college for the accomplishment of a definite work, and that it is to this College for that he must give his best endeavor. Too Work many fellows have the notion that in col- lege they are in preparation for an indefi- nite something coming later, and that until it arrives there is *Reprinted from the Illinois Magazine, October, 1910. 44 FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 45 little necessity of agitation of any sort. They think of college life as a quiet, unaggressive waiting place where they may so- journ until an opening appears into which they are to drop. Until the proper time arrives they are to enjoy themselves as best they may and not let anything interfere with their en- joyment. If they could realize at once, as they usually come to see later, that their college work is for them the real business of life, and as serious a business as they will ever find, there would be fewer intellectual disasters. By far the largest percentage of failures in the University come not from the fact that men are stupid or dissipated, or because the amount of work they have to Failure Comes do is unreasonable, but because they do From not do their work seriously at first; they Procrastination are procrastinating and wake up too late to the fact that their daily work is the thing that they should have been at from the very beginning. If men took their work as seriously in October as they do in January or immediately before the finals, there would be a great many more honor men than there are. As a rule the task set for the average college student is a very moderate one, the amount and the character of the work required quite within the range of his College Work ability. I have known thousands of stu- for Average dents ; I have never known a dozen whose Student mental equipment was inadequate to the accomplishment of the work they had elected to do, if they had gone at it in the right way and when it was assigned. The time at the student's disposal is seldom if ever insufficient, unless he is trying to support him- self at the same time that he pursues his studies. In such a case this is not a normal situation, and he must choose be- tween conflicting interests. In spite of what I have said, however, in the Univefsity of Illinois usually one student in three fails more or less completely to carry the work for which he is registered. 46 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS Perhaps the fact that he has so much time in which to do his work is one of the very reasons why he fails to do it at all. There are many distractions, es- Work Regularly pecially at the beginning of a college course, — the games, the picture shows, fra- ternities, — that take his attention, and, very little apparent necessity for his at once doing the work assigned. It seems quite possible and at times even a virtue to let the tasks accumulate and to do them all in one noble effort. The result is that the time drifts by, the work piles up, until at last there comes an appalling awakening and a sudden realization of the fact that he is so far behind that there is little hope of his ever catching up. The first lesson you should learn is that your work is your business and that it must be attended to regularly or it will go into bankruptcy. Once get behind and the damage seems w^ell night irre- parable. I have often said, and might cite scores of illustra- tions, that what one does the first six Don't Get weeks of his college course may safely be Behind taken as indicative of what he will do dur- ing the remainder of the four (and fre- quently more) years. Unless at the very beginning he learns to work regularly, he will have a hard time to learn later. I have in mind a young fellow who made an excellent high school record. He came to college with perhaps a little too much confidence in his past, and as a consequence he worked little the first few weeks, depending upon a sprint at the end to carry him safely through. He lagged behind more than he had intended, and though he seemed to do his best when he came to a realization of his condition, he failed. And he has done so ever since. He has ability, but he seems to have lost the power of will to get to work. His case is similar to hundreds of others whom I have known. Regularity of work is absolutely necessary if one would get on, and this regularity must be learned at the beginning. It is a habit which one is not likely to learn if one has loafed for a while. It is hard to play the ant after one has long been cast in the role of the grasshopper. FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 47 It is not enough that a student work regularly, he must apply himself to his work with concentration of mind. The fellow who puts in the most hours is not Develop necessarily the best student. It is the one Concentration w^ho works regularly and who works hard as well — who has his whole mind on what he is doing — who will accomplish the most and who will get the best development out of his work. One of the poorest students with whom I have had to suffer was as regular in his work as the phases of the moon and as sure to be at his books as taxes, but Don't Work he worked too much, and he had no con- Too Much centration. He would go to sleep while writing his theme as readily as I did while reading it. He worked without method and without applica- tion, and so he failed to carry anything. The best student I have ever known — and by that I mean not only the man who was best in his studies, but in the ''other things" — put in very few hours at his work, but he studied every night and when he worked his whole mind was directed tow^ard what he wished to accomplish; he did not let anything come between him and what he was doing, and when he was through, he stopped and put his work away. He won through regularity and concentration, and these qualities are usually to be dis- covered when any man, student or otherwise, succeeds. But the ''other things" are important; only slightly less important in fact than the studies themselves. However much a man may be devoted to his work, Do Some he can not study all the time, and he "Other Things" should not be allowed to do so even if it were possible. As I remember my own college course and try to estimate, as it is impossible justly to do, its present worth to me, I am inclined to value most highly some of the things that were connected only remotely with the studies I was pursuing. These external things na- turally would have been of little value to me unless I had carried the work I was taking, for matters were so con- ducted in our home circle that a place would readily have 48 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS been found for me on the farm had I shown any chronic in- aptitude in securing passing grades. But granting that ability, these "other things" seem to me of the greatest value. As a college instructor I can seldom find much excuse for the man who does not carry his college work, but the man who does not do more than this, no matter how high his scholastic standing may be, has missed a very large part of what every man should get from a college training. The college life is as much a community life as that which a man will ever live. In a college community no man can live to himself alone, or for himself alone, and profit greatly from the life. He has his own private and individual work to do, it is true, and he should do it; but he has also his obligations to his fellow stiidents and to the college community at large, and these he may not shirk. I heard a man once boast that dur- ing his college course he had never cut a class or seen an athletic contest. I am not sure that either fact was a virtue, and notwithstanding that he now wears a badge won by high scholastic standing in college, I think that his training might have been broader if his interests in college had, per- haps, been varied enough to make it desirable for him some- times to cut a class, or interesting to attend a ball game. A man*s studies should give him familiarity with ideas, and training with principles ; the "other things" in which he in- terests himself should make him acquainted with people, and furnish him some opportunity to get experience in the man- agement of erratic human beings. Whether the business which a young man finally takes up happens to be designing gas engines or preaching the gospel he will find daily oppor- tunities for the exercise of both sorts of training. It is a somewhat overworked and jaded joke that class valedictorians generally bring up as street car conductors or as hack drivers, not that I should like to Get Association underestimate the amount of intelligence With Men required successfully to perform the work of either one of these worthy offices — and though, perhaps, it is a joke there are too many instances of students of the highest scholastic standing filling the most FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 49 commonplace positions simply from lack of initiative or ability to assume leadership. The lack of ability to handle men often keeps a young fellow from an opportunity to utilize his educational stock in trade. Social training in col- lege, then, is a very desirable thing, I do not mean by this statement, however, to encourage what is technically known in college as the *'fusser." There is little intellectual or business advantages in a college man's becoming an adept in pleasing young women unless he expects to be a man mil- liner or to run a soda fountation. What he needs is asso- ciation with men. There are a number of ways in which such an association may be cultivated. The ordinary method which simply for the sake of enjoyment takes a man out Do Not Omit among his fellows — and sometimes his fel- Social Life lows' sisters — is neither to be ignored nor worked too strenuously. Parties and pic- nics, and social calls, and long quiet strolls when the moon is full are in moderation, helpful, perhaps, but they should not be developed into a regular business. Even a good thing may be overdone. It is exceedingly desirable that a man should learn how to manage his hands and feet and tongue, but it is quite possible to devote too much time to acquiring such information. The man who omits all social life of this sort makes a mistake; the fellow who devotes a large part of his time to it is mushy. I have a strong belief in the value of athletics. It is true that some of the poorest students I have ever known have called themselves athletes, but I have Go In for known more good students than poor ones Athletics who have been prominent in athletic events. The man at the University of Illinois who has received the highest class standing of any student in twenty-five years was both an athlete and a musician. In the minds of many people either fact should have been suffi- cient to ruin him scholastically. The man who goes into athletics sanely has a good chance of developing a strong body; both tradition and necessity demands that he live a 50 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS temperate healthy life, and his thinking powers and his ability to do mental work are likely to be stimulated by the regular exercise which he must take. It is true that few students ever do themselves damage from working too hard, but a great many develop chronic indigestion and general physical worthlessness from sitting in stuffy rooms and tak- ing no exercise. I should not go so far as to say that the athlete is usually a better student than the fellow who does not go in for such things, but he is usually a better all- around man than the other fellow, he has more stamina and endurance, and because of his symmetrical development he is likely to make a greater success in his profession. For this reason as well as for the pleasure and relaxation in it, every student who can should go in for some athletic game. A good many societies, in addition to the Greek letter fraternities, in the University of Illinois will bid for the stu- dent's time and attendance. Many very Not Bad to worthy people think these are wholly bad, Join Something and advise the young man entering college to steer clear of them all as he would dodge smallpox and the tax collector. All these organiza- tions have their uses, however, and in the majority of cases they seem to me good. Most men would be helped by join- ing a literary or a debating society both on account of the personal associations which they would cultivate, and for the training it would give them in speaking and writing. Tech- nical societies develop an interest in one's professional work, and social organizations bring individuals together in a sys- tematic way. The benefits and evils of the Greek letter fra- ternities have been much discussed by those who know about them and by those who have simply heard. At the Univer- sity they have on the whole been helpful. A man who has religious tendencies will find many ex- cellent opportunities to exercise these. The University Young Men's Christian Association is strong, and Y. M. C. A. other college religious organizations are Good every year multiplying and are constantly on the lookout for help and leadership. The local churches are eager for young fellows to take hold FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 51 and help with the infinite number of things which are to be run. Such work offers an excellent chance for development and for widening one's acquaintance with men. Its danger lies in its very nature which makes it seem wholly good. Anomalous as the statement may seem, I have known plenty of men go intellectually to the bad through the dissipation of religious work. A college man's studies, as has been said, « furnish his real business, and whatever takes him away from these unduly whether it be a ball game, a dance, or a prayer meeting, is bad. Student political life furnishes striking opportunities for becoming acquainted with men. Nearly all class and organ- ization offices are elective, and the man Politics Gives who aspires to fill one of these must not Training only be fitted to do so, but he must have a wide acquaintance among his constitu- ents. The widening of a candidate's acquaintance develops in him resourcefulness, shrewdness, and a general knowledge of human nature. It gives him a training in marshalling men, in planning a campaign, in meeting unexpected situa- tions. It is one of the best experiences a man can have. All this has been to show that the four years you live at the University should mean something more than the mere acquaintance with facts, or the acquiring of information; it should give you a knowledge of men. But in getting this second sort of training you will usually have to choose be- tween several or many interests. If you elect to do one thing, you must usually omit the rest. A fellow may oc- casionally be president of the Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation and at the same time captain of the football team, but ordinarily one of these positions is quite sufficient to oc- cupy his leisure moments. If you get into the real life of the University community and do something to direct its current, 3^ou will usually be better fitted to meet the unex- pected in the more strenuous world into which you must go after college. College Activities Joining an organization, in the common parlance of col- lege students, is called "making" the organization. A man **makes" the football team, or the Glee Club. People ask, *'Did So-and-so *make' a fraternity?" And making some- thing or other seems to be so much talked about, both in college and out, that the freshman is likely to come to think that "to make" this or that club, or fraternity, or team, is quite the important thing in life. For some men it is so. Others, a large majority, after the first rush is over, go on with the daily task quite con- tentedly, "making" something if their talents or qualities bring them into notice, or doing pretty well "outside," as the case may be. This is especially so with regard to social and honorary organizations. Every man in the University, however, can belong to some organization having to do with student interests. What this organization is will depend in some cases upon the man's willingness to join, in others upon some special ability he may have, and in others, still, upon his personal popularity. A freshman should early ally himself with some organized interest in which he will associate with other men. No matter what may be the primary purpose of student organizations, the social value will be ever present. Men drawn together by a single common interest will associate also in other ways. This will be especially true of the freshmen who, without much previous acquaintance, must expect to make their first friends among the men who are brought close to them first. The healthy freshman will desire to make friends right away among his fellows. The man who holds himself aloof from the social side of the life before him, who keeps to his room, or spends his leisure hours alone, is abnormal. For him there is always a danger of falling into the bad mental or physical habits that form in men who are without the 52 FACTS FOR FRESHMEN S3 corrective influence of social intercourse. The man who lives openly among his fellows improves by their spoken or un- spoken comment, and, what is more to the point, his bad qualities and bad tendencies become more easily known to those whose interest it is to correct truant tendencies. The boy who lives alone in a community where most boys inter- mingle joyously, hangs about himself a shroud of mystery which may or may not hide bad faults. What he is nobody knows unless some unusual thing happens to bring him sud- denly into the light. For the reason that the chance for helping him, if he needs help, is so much lessened, college officers fear for the welfare of the boy who lives too greatly by himself. The freshman who wants to make friends will choose the safest way if he offers to meet his fellowmen through interests that are organized. Student organizations are under constant, careful scrutiny, and must be conducted carefully, and with official approval. The men, then, whom one comes to know in their meetings are more likely to be responsible and helpful friends than those whom one meets at random on the streets, in billiard halls, or at boarding clubs. As the freshman grows older he will acquire a certain ability to judge men whenever he meets them, but, at first, he w^ill be happier if he depends upon the approved ways of making acquaintances. The so-called wise freshman, the man who relies entirely upon himself, is often the most easily spoiled or tricked. The truly wise freshm.an w^ill do as truly wise men in every place do, trust to the agencies that have the reputation for reliability. Of the organizations that are open to all men, the re- ligious organizations touch the greatest number. Much has been spoken and written about the part Religious that religion takes, or should take in the Organizations life of college men. The primary ques- tion of religion is one for each man to answer for himself. But the importance of the social part that religious organizations may take in the life of the col- lege student cannot be denied. A safe and sure way for the 54 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS incoming freshman to make worthy friends, and to get bene- ficial counsel, is through the Young Men's Christian Associa- tion, and the student societies of local churches. One need not avail himself of the privileges of these interests long, he may even leave them as soon as they have given him a work- ing acquaintance, but if he wishes a safe beginning, this is one of the ways to find it. The Young Men's Christian Association is the active men's religious organization of University students. The Association occupies a fine three-story The Young building just off the campus, which con- Men's Christian tains lounging and game rooms, bowling Association alleys, and dormitories to accommodate about eighty men. There is also a restau- rant, a lunch room, and a barber shop in the basement of the building. The Association holds religious meetings for men on Sunday afternoons, and to these as well as to the building all new men are welcomed. Courses in Bible study are given. The Association is most helpful to new students, and a new student can do no wiser thing than to go to the Asso- ciation Hall as soon as he arrives. Lists of rooms and board- ing places are posted, members of the Association meet all trains, assist students in finding satisfactory locations, and endeavor to make them feel at home. A regularly conducted employment bureau under general direction of the Univer- sity, has been of immense service in helping students to find work. The Young Women's Christian Association performs similar service for the young women of the University. The local churches in Champaign and Urbana make every effort to attract students, to engage them in the various forms of church work, and to give them a hearty The Churches welcome. Certain churches near the cam- pus, such as the Trinity Methodist Episco- pal church, the George McKinley Presbyterian church, the Unitarian church, and the University Place Christian church, are looked upon especially as "student" churches, and here the students attend in large numbers. Other Protestant de- FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 55 nominations, as the Episcopalians, the Baptists, and the Con- gregationalists, employ ^'student pastors'* who give their entire time to calling upon students, making their acquaintance, and interesting them in religious work. Other religious denomi- nations support organizations. Phi Kappa fraternity is an organization of Roman Catholic students. Gregory Guild is made up of Baptist students, and the Episcopalian students support a chapter of the Brotherhood of Saint Andrew. Iv- rim is made up of Jewish students. The Presbyterian and the Episcopalian churches also each conducts a dormitory for young women. Quite different from the religious organizations in pur- pose, there are certain other organizations, open to all stu- dents, which will help the freshman to start right in becoming a normal part of college life which he has entered. The Illinois Union, organized in 1909, is an association of the men of the University for the promotion of college spirit and good fellowship. All men stu- The Illinois dents of the University are eligible to Union active membership upon the payment of the membership fee of twenty-five cents. The Student Council, which is composed of eight seniors and seven juniors elected by the members of the Union, has charge of certain student activities and hopes to become in time a general representative and advisory body for the stu- dents. The Union has for its present primary aim the build- ing of a clubhouse to serve as a general meeting place for the men students. The Union is gradually enlarging the scope of its activities, and membership in it is becoming more and more necessary to the students of the University. The Athletic Association has direct charge of all of the competitive athletics of the University, both intercollegiate and intramural. Membership in the Ath- The Athletic letic Association costs seven dollars and Association entitles one to admission to all of the athletic contests of the year. If one at- tends all, or even a majority, of the athletic games he will save money if he holds an Athletic Association coupon book. 56 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS There are usually five intercollegiate football games at home, six or eight basketball games, six track meets, two swimming meets, and ten or twelve baseball games. The minimum ad- mission price to any of these is fifty cents. The proceeds from the sale of memberships in the Association and from admissions to the games go to pay the expenses of the various teams, for a large part of the salaries of the coaches, and for the upkeep of the playgrounds which the Athletic Association owns and controls for the use of intramural sports. The affairs of the Athletic Association are adminis- tered by a Board of Control, comprised of faculty, student, and alumni members. The student members are the man- agers of the various teams and the president of the Associa- tion. These student managers are selected by the Board of Control as a result of a period of competition Candidates for these various managerships and for president of the Association begin their term of competition in the beginning of the sophomore year as assistants to the managers ; at the end of the sophomore year two candidates are selected for competition for each position during the junior year; and at the end of the junior year the Board of Control selects one of the two candidates for each membership and for presi- dent of the Association. These positions in the Athletic As- sociation are greatly sought after and are among the first honors possible to undergraduates. In all of the departments of the University there are a number of clubs which are auxiliary to the courses of study. These clubs hold regular meetings in which Professional subjects of particular interest to the mem- Clubs bers are discussed, and most of them dur- ing the year invite to speak before them men of some prominence from the outside. There is also a pleasing social side to most of them. Every freshman should early become interested in one of these clubs, and make a strong effort to become active in its work. It is by extend- ing one's interests in this way that a general acquaintance of more than temporary value is formed. FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 57 The following is a list of the clubs that are open to men students : Liberal Arts and Sciences — Le Cercle Francais (French) Romance Journal Club El Circulo Espanol (Spanish) Der Deutsche Verein (German) The Scribblers' Club (English) The Classical Club The History Club English Journal Club The Commercial Club Socialist Study Club The Oratorical Association (Oratory and Debating) The Pen and Brush Club (Art) Philological Club The Scandinavian Club Political Science Club Ceramics Club Zoological Club Botanical Club Chemical Club Geological Journal Club Mathematical Club Engineering — Architects' Club Railwa}^ Club Civil Engineers' Club Electrical Engineering Society Mining Engineering Society Mechanical Engineering Society Physics Club Agriculture — Agricultural Club Landscape Club Horticultural Club Hoof and Horn Club Floriculture Club 58 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS Law — Van Twiller Law Club Witenagemot Law Club John Marshall Law Club Fuller Law Club In addition to these there are local branches of a number of general societies for the development of learning that are open to the proficient members of the upper classes. For the freshman who has special ability along certain lines, there are open a large number of organizations and activities. The advantages and disadvantages of this kind of interest have been discussed in a previous chapter.* Briefly, the danger lies in participation in too many kinds of activi- ties. The man who is content with an active interest in a single legitimate field outside of his regular work will ordinarily be better off than either the man who keeps to his studies constantly, or the other who goes in for everything. These organizations without regard to their primary purposes have always a secondary value as social mediums. Many a boy, otherwise backw^ard, has come out into a healthy com- panionship because he could play football well, or blow a horn, or maybe, develop a nose for news on a student paper. Organizations which call for special ability are athletic, musical, journalistic, literary, and dramatic. Membership is usually gained only after a period of probation during which the applicant's merits are tested. Fully one-third of the men students of the University engage actively in competition for places on one or another of the many athletic teams. To become a Athletics member of a squad trying out for an ath- letic team is easy, and usually entails noth- ing more than appearing for practice, and becoming ac- quainted with the coach in charge. ♦Studies and Other Things. FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 59 Intercollegiate competition in athletics is maintained by the University of Illinois with all of the other universities of the Western Conference ; namely, Chi- Intercollegiate cago, Northwestern, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Athletics Iowa, Indiana, Purdue, and Ohio. Prac- tice competition is engaged in to a limited extent with minor colleges near by. At Illinois teams are entered in football, baseball, track, basketball, swimming, gymnastics, fencing, wrestling, cross country running, tennis, and golf. Freshmen may not compete in 'Varsity competi- tion, and so in each line of sport a freshman squad is main- tained. Competition for places upon the various teams is very keen, and only men of exceptional ability, who are willing to train consistently, and who can keep up with their scholar- ship, make the regular places. The squads are always large, however, and few men participate in more than one branch of sport, so that there is an opportunity for a relatively large number of men to get the benefits of the training. The best athletes of the teams have usually been developed under the coaches from rather inexperienced material, and any freshman who has ability at all will be given a big chance to show what his ability may amount to. The man who would gain a place on the teams must be prepared to make some strong sacrifices before he can realize his ambition. He must give to his training a rather large part of every afternoon in the season of his sport, he must regulate his habits to strict standards, he must do his scholas- tic w^ork a little better than the average, and he must develop a personality that will make him an unselfish, trustworthy teammate. In all of the lines of 'Varsity competition, there are maintained, also, class teams representing the classes in the various colleges. This class of competition Class Athletics is popular, and attracts a larger number of competitors than the 'Varsity teams do. Not infrequently a player gains so much skill from his expe- 6o UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS Hence on class squads that he is transferred directly to 'Var- sity teams. Although the organization of athletic teams is somewhat less definite than that of social and literary clubs, nevertheless the means employed and purposes served are much the same. A man who belongs to the freshman engineering baseball team, for instance, has become a part of an organization that gives him a common purpose to serve, common friends to cultivate, and a certain mark of distinction among his fellows in much the same way as membership in a social club does. Competition for places on the various University publi- cations is in most cases open to freshmen. To gain a place as a member of the staff of one of these Publications publications, demands natural ability to write well, regular and persistent work, and good scholarship. If one has the time and energy to spare to journalistic work, he will find a satisfactory reward in working for the college papers. The term of apprentice- ship, however, is long and, sometimes, tiresome, and its re- wards consist very largely in the practical experience received, and the companionship of men who are active in conducting the affairs of undergraduate, and general University interests. The college daily newspaper is edited and managed by students. The first publication by the students of the Uni- versity appeared in November, 1871, and The was called the Student. It was published Daily Illini once a month. Two years later the name was changed to the Illini^ and shortly the publication appeared twice a month. As the number of stu- dents increased, and as student interests multiplied the time of publication became more frequent. From 1894 to 1899 it was published weekly; from 1899 to 1902 it appeared three times a week, and since 1902 it has been conducted as a daily with six issues a week. The editor, business-manager, and bookkeeper of the Illini are now chosen by a Board of Trustees composed of three members of the Faculty appointed by the Council of Administration, and four students — two juniors and two FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 6l seniors — elected by the student body. Candidates for appoint- ment to office on the Illini staff must when they enter upon the duties of their office be seniors in full standing and must previously have maintained an average class standing of not less than eighty per cent. The other members of the editorial and business staff are appointed by the editor and the business manager with the approval of the Board of Trustees. The profits which accrue from the publication of the Illini, with the exception of a small percentage which is set aside for equipment and as a contingent fund, are divided in an agreed-upon propor- tion among the men composing the editorial and business staffs of the paper. Leaving out of consideration the financial remuneration which each student receives, the benefits to be derived from a business or an editorial connection with the paper are great. The Illini is published on every day of the week except- ing Monday. The Illio, the University year book, is published by the junior class and is issued near the close of the college year. The first year book was issued in 1882 by The Illio the sophomore class under the title of the Sophograph, and continued to appear an- nually for the next eleven years. The class of 1895 did not issue an annual in its sophomore year, but waited until the junior year bringing out a year book under the name of the Illio, by which title the year book still is known. The editor-in-chief and business manager of the Illio are selected by the Illini Board of Trustees in much the same manner as the editor and business manager of The Daily Illini are selected. Candidates for these positions enter a period of competition as assistants during their sophomore year to the editor and business manager of the Illio of the class ahead of them. Candidates at the time of their election must be in full sophomore standing, and must have carried their class w^ork with an average of not less than eighty per cent. Dur- ing their term of office they must carry enough work to 62 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS give them full senior standing at the end of the year. The other members of the editorial and business staff are appointed by the editor-in-chief and business manager. The principal positions are much sought after not only be- cause of the experience which they furnish, but because of the profits which go largely to the two main officers. The positions are exacting in their demands and difficult to fill; they should not be sought except by superior students ahead of their course. The Illio is published at some time during the month of May each year. The Illinois Magazine, the only strictly literary under- graduate publication, appeared first in 1902 under the patron- age of the English Club. Since that time The Illinois it has had an irregular existence. At vari- Magazine ous times it has suspended publication for want of financial support, and for some two or three years it was the particular protege of the Scrib- bler's Club, an organization of undergraduates interested in writing. During recent years the magazine has had a some- what independent existence and has been a very creditable publication. The editor and the business manager must be members of either the junior or the senior class, and must have an average class standing of not less than eighty per cent. The Illinois Agriculturist is a monthly magazine pub- lished by the Agricultural Club. It has been issued for the past fifteen years. The editor and business The manager may be members of the junior Agriculturist class, but in point of fact they are regular- ly chosen at the end of the junior year. All members of the Agricultural Club are entitled to vote. Only students who have attained an average class standing of not less than eighty per cent, are eligible for office. The other members of the editorial and business staff are appointed by the editor and business manager. Juniors who have served creditably on the staff for a year are most likely to secure the principal positions for the senior year. The Technograph, the technical journal of the College FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 63 of Engineering, has been published for the past twenty-four years. Until 1910-1911 but one issue a The year was attempted, but at this time a re- Technograph organization was made with the intention of publishing the Techno graph quarterly. The Technograph is managed by a board consisting of one junior and one senior elected from each of the following so- cieties : the Architects' Club, the Civil Engineers' Club, the Electrical Engineering Society, the Mechanical Engineering Society, the Mining Engineering Society, and the Chemical Club. This board elects three members from the engineering student body at large, all these elections occurring before the last Monday in March. The student board elects a president, a vice-president, and a secretary. It is also the business of the board to elect an editor-in-chief, a business manager, and an assistant business manager who shall be the treas- urer. Ninety-five per cent, of the profits, if there should be any, go to these three, the remaining five per cent, being kept for a contingent fund. The officers of the publication must have attained an average scholastic standing of not less than eighty-five per cent, during the year preceding their election. The Siren is the humorous publication published by the students. It has about eight issues each year, published at irregular intervals. The editor and busi- The Siren ness manager are elected by the members of the staff. Candidates for positions on the staff must show some talent for humorous writing and drawing. A student and faculty directory is published each year about the first of November by two students, usually mem- bers of the senior class, selected by the Student's Dean of Men. This directory contains the Directory local addresses of all members of the faculty and of all students. In addition the cojlege course, year, and home address of each student is given. Students when registering should be careful to give their local addresses correctly, and if they change them dur- ing the year they should report the change at once to the office of the Registrar or of the Dean of Men. 64 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS This directory is distributed free of charge by the local business firms whose advertisements appear in it, and is most valuable to any one connected with the University. Standards in all of the musical organizations are high, and applicants must be very well qualified to be admitted on first trials. Membership in any of them, Musical Clubs however, will be found worth while. The Military Band, officially a part of the University regiment, is one of the most popular and most efficient or- ganizations in the University. Competition The for places in it is very keen, and in most Military Band cases membership in it is gained only after repeated trials. Membership in the Band requires the sacrifice of much time in rehearsals, drill periods, special occasions, and concerts, but the experience and train- ing gained is very valuable. Credit for Military drill is given to the freshman and sophomore members and remission of the tuition fees in the University to the junior and senior members. The instruments are furnished by the University, and the instruction is under the direction of the Instructor in Band Instruments. Two home concerts are given each season, and a short concert trip is made to nearby cities. A second Band of sixty members alternates with the regular Band in Military drill service, and appears occasion- ally at games. It receives the same instruction as does the first Band. The Glee and Mandolin Clubs, limited in membership to about forty members, are composed of students of some ability either in vocal or instrumental music. The Glee and Membership in them is decided by compe- Mandolin Clubs tition early in the year. The clubs give two or three home concerts and make an annual concert trip to the larger cities of the state. About two hours a week regularly are spent in rehearsals, and more in the concert season. The instruction is given under the di- rection of student leaders under the general supervision of the Director of the School of Music. In the early years of the University the literary societies. FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 65 of which there were two for men and one for women, were the leading social and literary organiza- Literary tions among the students. The rivalry be- Societies tween the two men's societies was present not only in literary affairs, but also in stu- dent politics and in social matters. The feeling between them was always intense and often bitter. The control of The mini was their chief bone of contention. In the year 1872-73 the two societies, Philomathean and Adelphic, were given the rooms in University Hall that they have since con- tinued to occupy. In 1877 the Philomathean Society en- gaged a lecturer from the outside to address the students of the University, and from this start the Star Lecture Course was developed. In 1905 The Ionian Society, the third men's literary society, was formed. In recent years, since the growth of organizations of a purely social nature, the literary societies have limited their social activity to occa- sional parties. Each society has a membership of from thirty to forty members ; all undergraduates who show a talent and interest in literary lines are eligible. The meetings are held weekly and consist of programs of oratorical, declamatory, musical, extempore, and debating numbers. Each society, usually in conjunction with one of the women's literary societies, pre- sents an annual play in the Auditorium. The Star Lecture Course is under the direction of the Adelphic and Philoma- thean Societies. Rivalry among the societies is still keen, but it is now confined to annual inter-society debates, and ora- torical and declamatory contests. Considerable activity is shown among the students of the University in amateur dramatics. During the year the literary societies and the classes in dramatic read- Dramatics ing present plays of one kind or another. There are two organizations devoted ex- clusively to dramatics — the Mask and Bauble Club and the Illinois Union Opera Company. The former is composed of both men and women students and confines its efforts to drama. The latter is composed exclusively of men and pro- duces each year a comic opera. Places in the casts of the 66 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS various productions are gained mainly by competition. The Post-exam Jubilee and the various class social gatherings present programs composed largely of dramatic sketches of a more or less farcical nature. In college, as in the world outside, there are many or- ganizations which a man may not express a willingness to join until invited. These University or- Social and ganizations group themselves mainly as fol- Honorary lows: (i) The national social fraternity Organizations group, comprising local chapters of college fraternities having a national organization; (2) local clubs, much like local chapters of national fraterni- ties, but having no national organization; (3) honorary so- cieties, membership in which is given as a reward for excel- lence of achievement along certain lines. The history of national Greek letter fraternity organiza- tions at the University goes back to a rather indefinite date in the fourth or fifth year after the found- Fraternities ing of the Illinois Industrial University. In June, 1876, the Board of Trustees first officially recognized the existence of a chapter of a national fraternity by passing a resolution which condemned the for- mation of such societies and appealed to the students to dis- countenance their organization. Apparently this resolution was not effective, for in 1881 a chapter of another national fraternity was organized among the students. Later the Fac- ulty passed a set of rules providing that no student should enter the University until he had pledged himself not to join a fraternity, and that no student should graduate until he had certified that he had not belonged to any while in the Uni- versity. In August, 1890, the Board of Trustees passed the following resolution : "That the pledge heretofore required for candidates for entry to the University in regard to college fraternities be omitted, and that the subject of these fratern- ities be referred to the Committee on Rules." Since that time fraternities have been permitted to exist in the Univer- sity with the consent and approval of the Board of Trustees. At present twenty-six national Greek letter social frater- FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 67 nities for men are represented by chapters in the University. Besides these, four professional and honorary Greek letter fraternities and the Masonic fraternity, Acacia, exist partly as social organizations. In addition to the chapters of na- tional fraternities there are seven local fraternities whose purposes and activities are quite similar to those of the na- tional organizations. NATIONAL FRATERNITIES (social) Established Founded at Illinois Acacia 1904 1906 Alpha Delta Phi 1832 1912 Alpha Sigma Phi 1907 1908 Alpha Tau Omega 1865 i895 Beta Theta Pi 1839 1902 Chi Phi 1854 1912 Chi Psi 1841 1912 Delta Kappa Epsilon 1844 1904 Delta Tau Delta 1859 1872 Delta Upsilon 1834 1905 Kappa Sigma 1869 1881 Phi Delta Theta 1848 1894 Phi Gamma Delta 1848 1897 Phi Kappa ,....1886 1912 Phi Kappa Psi 1852 1904 Phi Kappa Sigma 1850 1892 Phi Sigma Kappa 1873 1910 Psi Upsilon 1833 1910 Sigma Alpha Epsilon 1856 1898 Sigma Chi 1855 1881 Sigma Nu 1869 1902 Sigma Pi 1909 1909 Tau Kappa Epsilon 1899 1912 Theta Delta Chi 1848 1907 Zeta Beta Tau 1898 1912 Zeta Psi 1847 1909 68 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LOCAL FRATERNITIES Founded Acanthus 1911 Chi Beta 1906 Delta Omega 191 1 Ilus 1907 Iris 1908 Pi Omicron 1911 Psi Delta 1912 Membership in these chapters varies in numbers from twenty-four to thirty-two. Any undergraduate in the Uni- versity is eligible to membership in them, but he may not express a willingness or desire to join until he is asked. The selection of new members is usually made at the beginning of the year and largely from the incoming freshmen. During this period of ''rushing/* as the practice is called, the various fraternities invite certain new students to their houses and in other ways pay them attentions in order that a mutual ac- quaintance may be formed in which both parties may deter- mine the desirability of a union. Freshmen may be pledged at once, but may not be initiated until they have passed eleven hours of University work. Some points which fraternity members usually consider in prospective members are congenialty, appearance, previous reputation and standing, manners and accomplishments, proba- bility of remaining in college four years, of becoming promi- nent in college activities, and of becoming a desirable alumnus of the chapter. Inquiry is usually made as to the social stand- ing of a man's family and as to whether or not he is inde- pendent in a financial way, though every chapter has a num- ber of members who are earning a part or all of their ex- penses. Prospect of good scholarship is universally wel- comed, but, unfortunately, is often not insisted upon. Inas- much as the fraternities are the leaders in the social life of the University, a clever social behavior is desirable in a prospective member, but congenialty of a possibly rough, but attractive sort will often take the place of the other quality. FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 69 Tendencies to boast or to be "smart," immorality, sporting inclinations, irresponsibility, sullenness, pessimism, and ef- feminacy are some of the qualities that will keep one from being invited to join a fraternity. As the different chapters vary in types and ideals so they vary in the emphasis they may put upon certain of these good and bad qualities. Membership in a college fraternity is prized by college students in general and is usually a source of pleasure and help, but it is by no means essential to one's happiness, promi- nence, or achievement of worthy college honors. Every chap- ter exacts a great deal of attention and energy from its mem- bers, and a freshman should not agree to become a member of such an organization unless he is sure that he will not only not be handicapped by such a sacrifice, but that also he will receive positive good from it. By joining a fraternity one cannot immediately leap into social and political promi- nence, nor has he earned an honor that he can keep without the necessity of hard work, upright habits, forethought, and acceptance of responsibility. No one can be helped by joining a fraternity that has nothing to offer besides the right to wear its badge. In considering this question it is well to consult an unprejudiced, well-informed adviser, for the ad- vice that is intelligently given will vary with circumstances. Not all freshmen are fitted to be fraternity men, and many freshmen would do well in one fraternity and be injured in another. One usually gains from joining a good fraternity, but the mistakes made by those who have pledged themselves hurriedly are far more frequent than those made after de- liberation. No one will lose the chance to join a fraternity by taking sufficient time to consider his invitation. In the end, each must determine the course pretty largely for him- self, and must remember that in so doing he is dealing with his own happiness and welfare for the period of his college course. The fraternity house is a college home. Fraternity houses are usually well governed, pleasantly arranged, and need not handicap their members in study. If, however, the house is not a home, but a noisy clubroom, or a boarding house, ill- 70 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS kept and full of hidden skeletons, one can not live a very happy, or beneficial college life there. The fraternity house reflects very accurately the ideals, training, and habits of its members, and it is in their power to determine what these shall be. The expense of living in a fraternity is usually about a third more than living as a non-fraternity man; though in most cases it need be little more. The necessary expenditures are usually not much more, but the demands for more or less unnecessary expenditures are much greater. Fraternity men are not quite so good students as the average, though the majority of them have creditable rec- ords. Recently the fraternities have been laying greater stress on scholarship and have raised their average to a point only slightly below the general university average for men. The following table shows the average of fraternity men as compared with the general average: 1909-1910 1910-1911 1st. sem. 2nd. sem. 1st. sem. 2nd. sem. General average 81.11 81.31 80.31 82.42 Fraternity average 78.91 79.68 78.68 79.63 1911-1912 1912-1913 1st. sem. 2nd. sem. 1st. sem. 2nd. sem. General average 81.71 82.34 81.47 82.11 Fraternity average 79.28 80.48 80.67 81.23 Part of the improvement in the fraternity average re- cently is due to the introduction of the practice of publish- ing each semester the ranking of the fraternities on a basis of scholarship averages. A part of this improvement is also due to the rule, recently introduced, requiring freshmen to pass in eleven hours of their work before being intitiated into a fraternity. In the first semester of 1910-1911, before the introduc- tion of this rule, the fraternity freshmen averaged 80.57; for the first semester of 1913-1914 the fraternity freshmen aver- aged 82.29. In the first semester of 1913-1914, the fraternity FACTS FOR FRESHMEN ^\ upperclassmen averaged 80.32 ; and the non-fraternity freshmen averaged 81.19. These results would seem to indicate that the average freshman is not likely to be handicapped, so far as studies go, by membership in a fraternity. The effect which fraternity membership has upon schol- arship is shown in the following table, in which the percent- age of grades within specified limits is given: Non-Fraternity Fraternity 90-100 9% 7% 80- 90 58% 54% 70- 80 27% 34% 0- 70 6% 5% These results indicate that a slightly higher percentage of non-fraternity men than fraternity men have grades above 90, but that this margin is offset by a slightly larger per- centage below the passing grade. Fraternity men, however, average lower than non-fra- ternity men, apparently because they are more content with grades just above passing, 70 to 80, than are the non-fra- ternity men. This is probably due to the fact that fratern- ity men meet more temptations to let outside affairs interfere with study than do other students. The fraternities as organizations constantly do a great deal toward supporting the worthy interests of the University and in serving to direct student activity along desirable lines. In a good many ways fraternity men are more easily reached and influenced by the Faculty than non-fraternity men, due, perhaps, to the fact that they are organized and to the mutual interest that most fraternity men take in the welfare of their fellow members. The freshman who has been given an invitation to join a fraternity should ask the following questions : First of all, am I likely to find its members congenial and helpful to me during the four years of my college life? Are they the kind of men I should like to take into my home? What is the local reputation of their chapter? What is their scholarship ^2 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS average? What is the chapter's financial condition? What is the national reputation of their fraternity? In seeking answers to these questions, it will be wise to consult un- prejudiced persons of some fair degree of familiarity with the points in question. Baird's Manual of American College Fra- ternities will be found helpful in becoming familiar with the national reputation of the various fraternities. The following fraternities are honorary in their nature, that is, in each case membership is attained only by excep- tionally high scholarship and marked Honorary ability. High scholarship alone, however, Fraternities will not always secure a student's election. Phi Beta Kappa (Literary and Classical) Sigma Xi (Scientific) Tau Beta Pi (Engineering) Alpha Zeta (Agricultural) Order of the Coif (Law) Membership in these organizations is prized very highly and is a recognized mark of exceptional ability. Fewer than one-fifth of the graduating class are elected to these honors. Inasmuch as the candidate's scholarship record for the en- tire term of his college course is considered, the freshman who would set his ambition on attaining to these honors must begin early. Ma-wan-da is the one honorary senior society among men students. Election to membership in it occurs at the end of the junior year. Twenty or more juniors Ma-wan-da considered most worthy of membership in it on the basis of their personality, college activities, and popularity, in the judgment of the retiring senior members are elected for active membership during their senior year. There are a number of professional fraternities whose members are selected from special departments of study, partly on the basis of their ability and Professional scholarship, and partly on the basis of their Fraternities personal qualities. Membership in these or- ganizations is usually open early in the col- lege course. Some of these organizations maintain their own FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 73 houses in which their members live. These professional fra- ternities are as follows: Phi Lambda Upsilon (Chemical) Alpha Chi Sigma (Chemical) Phi Delta Phi (Law) Phi Alpha Delta (Law) Eta Kappa Nu (Electrical Engineering) Scarab (Agricultural) Gamma Alpha (Graduate) Triangle (Engineering) Alpha Gamma Rho (Agricultural) Beta Gamma Sigma (Commercial) Kappa Delta Pi (Educational) Sigma Delta Chi (Journalistic) Delta Sigma Rho (Debating and Oratory) Scabbard and Blade (Military) Foreign students of the University have organized two clubs, both of which have houses in which their members live, and both of which are affiliated with national organiza- tions. The Illinois Chapter of the Association of Cosmopolitan Clubs was organized in 1906. Its purpose is to bring together the students who come to the University Cosmopolitan from different nations. It numbers among Club its members almost all of the foreign stu- dents of the University; in addition, about half of its members are Americans. It maintains a club- house, which is a centre of interest for foreign students. The activities of the club in presenting entertainments in which peculiar national manners, games, and costumes are shown, are very interesting to the other students. The Chinese Students' Club has a membership of fifty- five. The club is very active in further- The Chinese ing the interests of Chinese students in Students' Club the University and elsewhere. The fra- ternal aspect of its work is important. There are a number of clubs, more or less active, com- 74 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS posed of students who come from certain localities, such as the Easterners* Club, the Shomeez Club Miscellaneous (Missouri), the Egyptian Club (Southern Clubs Illinois), the Dixie Club, the Hoosiers' Club, etc. These organizations do a cer- tain part in making life more pleasant for students who come to the University from distant localities. The University is growing so rapidly and the student body is becoming so large that the problem of unifying the students in any beneficial way is becoming a very difficult one. Undoubtedly the student organizations contribute a great deal to the handling of this problem, and it seems not at all un- desirable that every student in the University should be allied with some organization that is in turn allied with the best interests of the University. Each freshman, at any rate, can make no great mistake by casting his lot with some reliable University organization and accepting what help it has to offer him, until he becomes well enough acquainted with college life to find his way easily himself. Class Organization The first meeting of the men of the freshman class oc- curs in the Auditorium on Wednesday afternoon following registration, at four o'clock. The President of the University and the Dean of Men make short addresses at this time which every man will be helped by hearing. The first meeting for class organization is held usually in Room 228, Natural History Building, about the first week in October. This meeting is usually in charge of some officer of the Students' Union, under whose rules the election is held. In recent years all class elections are held at the same time, the third Friday in October, under the direction of the Students' Union, these elections being preceded by primaries, on the second Friday in October, for the preliminary choos- ing of candidates for the various class offices. The class constitution should be carefully considered because it is the body of regulations under which a class must work during the four years of un- Class dergraduate life. The conditions of class Constitution membership should be exactly stated, the control of class finances should be consid- ered, and the time of elections and the regulations concerning the eligibility of candidates for class officers should be exactly defined. An illustration of a class constitution is given below. CONSTITUTION OF THE CLASS OF 1917 OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS ARTICLE I NAME The name of the organization shall be the Class of 1917. ARTICLE II OFFICERS Section 1. The officers of the organization shall consist of a president, a vice-president, a secretary, a treasurer, a sergeant-at-arms, and an athletic manager. Section 2. All elections (except special elections) shall be held according to the rules of the Illinois Students' Union. 75 76 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS Section 3. When an office is vacant for any reason, the highest remaining officer shall declare the office vacant and order an election to fill the vacancy. Section 4. The president shall preside at all meetings of the class, shall enforce an observance of the Constitution and By-Laws, and shall appoint committees not otherwise provided for. Section 5. In the absence of the president, the vice-president held, and shall issue notice of all special meetings. Section 6. The secretary shall keep a record of all meetings held, and shall issue notice of all special meetings. Section 7. The duties of the treasurer shall be to receive and have charge of all money belonging to the organization, to deposit this in an approved bank of Champaign or Urbana unless otherwise di- rected; and in the name of the organization to pay all bills by checks signed by himself. At the last regular meeting of each semester, the out-going treasurer shall submit a complete report of all receipts and expenditures of his time. This report must have been approved by the Auditing Committee of the University of Illinois before being submit- ted to the class, and must be signed by the chairman of that committee. At the first regular meeting of each semester the incoming treasurer must report all liabilities and funds received by him from his prede- cessor. Section 8. The sergeant-at-arms shall act as doorkeeper, distribute blanks, and with the assistance of such deputies as he may appoint, shall preserve order at all meetings. Section 9. An officer may resign upon presenting good reasons and upon the consent of a majority of the members voting at any meeting. ARTICLE III MEMBERSHIP Section 1. All students of the University who have less than thirty credits at the beginning of the year may be members of the Class of 1917. Section 2. No individual may be a member of the Class of 1917 who votes in any other class election during the current semester. article IV — insignia Section 1. The colors of the class shall be blue and white. Section 2. The motto of the class shall be . article V — class dues Section 1. The regular semester dues shall be twenty-five cents, and shall be paid before voting at any general election. Section 2. Assessments shall be levied by consent of the majority of the members present at any meeting. ARTICLE VI amendments Section 1. Amendments to this Constitution and By-Laws may be made by a two-thirds vote of all members present at any meeting. Section 2. Each amendment must have been discussed at a pre- vious meeting. FACTS FOR FRESHMEN "J^J BY-LAWS ARTICLE I Section 1. Regular meetings must be held at least two weeks before each election. Section 2. Three days* notice must be given before the date of any special meeting or election. article II Section 1. A quorum shall consist of forty-five members. ARTICLE III Section 1. The order of business shall be as follows: 1. Minutes of previous meeting. 2. Report of committees. 3. Report of treasurer. 4. General business. a. Old or unfinished business. b. New business. ARTICLE IV Section 1. Nominations for officers shall be made in the general class primaries held on the second Friday in October under the super- vision of the Illinois Union. article v Section 1. Roberts' Rules of Order shall be the parliamentary guide of the class of 1917, except where it conflicts with the Class Constitution or By-Laws. amendment i Section 1. The general athletic manager shall be the representa- tive of this class on the Board of Class Athletics and shall hold office one year. Section 2. The team managers shall arrange the schedules of their respective sports, agree upon officials for games, see that their men are eligible, and perform such other business duties as are necessary. They shall have no voice in the granting of class emblems. They shall hold office for the season of their respective sport. AMENDMENT II Section 1. An officer shall be elected at the meeting at which this amendment is adopted, such an officer to be known as **The per- manent secretary of the Class of 1917". The term of office for the first secretary of the Class of 1917 shall be until one week following the regular class elections of the fall of 1915. His successor shall be elected at the regular fall election of that year, and will take office the following week for a term of one year. The retiring secretary shall be automatically a candidate for reelection, unless he request in writing to the Illinois Union his desire to have his name withheld, or unless by a vote of an advisory committee composed as hereinafter provided, he shall be declared ineligible for reelection. Section 2. The duties of the secretary of the Class of 1917 shall be to keep a history of the class involving all meetings, entertainments, and such things held by the class; to send out at necessary intervals blanks to all classmen, to be filled out by them with a view of obtain- ing an interesting and permanent history of each member of the class, 78 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS to file said blanks when returned; and to perform any other duties that shall seem helpful or essential to the keeping of a complete and satisfactory record of the class and its members. Section 3. The secretary of the Class of 1917 shall appoint a woman member of the Class of 1917 and a male member of the class to be known as the Woman's Assistant and Man's Assistant Secretary, respectively. The secretary and the two assistants shall form a com- mittee with power to receive and dispense money necessary to the care and management of their duties, and shall have complete charge and control of the work. They shall annually submit to the advisory committee a detailed report of work accomplished and a financial report. Section 4. An advisory committee shall consist of the Alumni Secretary of the University of Illinois, and the Dean of Women, and the Dean of Men. This committee shall audit the financial report of the secretary, advise him, and shall, if they see fit, declare the position vacant, or the acting secretary ineligible for reelection. For fifteen or twenty years it has been the custom for the freshman and sophomore classes, early in the fall, to hold a class scrap. In recent years this Class Contest has taken the form of a push ball contest, but in 1913 a sack race was held. The contest is held on the back campus under direction of mem- bers of the Students* Union. The choosing of class colors is in itself a small matter. It will, however, be the source of considerable annoyance later in the life of the class if these colors Class are inharmonious or crude. The colors are Colors seen in the sweaters of the class teams, and they are combined in the junior cap and in the senior hat. They should, therefore, be pleasing and dark enough to stand the hard constant strain of every- day wear. It has become a pretty well established custom for the freshmen to choose for their colors the color of the last graduating class. For years freshmen have been recognized on the Campus by the small green "postage stamp" cap which they wear. Fraternities and other organizations re- The quire their freshmen to wear these caps. Green Cap The military department now also requires all freshmen to wear these caps until such time as the military uniforms shall have arrived. The cus- FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 79 torn of wearing the cap is a good one which all freshmen should follow; it helps to differentiate classes, it aids the freshmen themselves in recognizing their classmates, and it gives a certain picturesqueness to the crowds of students as they pass back and forth between buildings. Students in the different colleges are distinguished by the colored button on the cap, white indicating the college of Liberal Arts and Sciences, yellow Agriculture, and red Engi- neering. During the winter months a green knitted toque is worn with similarly colored buttons. The political interest in the freshman class organization is relatively slight. The University traditions are against the freshman's going into social and polit- Class ical matters. It is not until the first sem- Elections ester of the sophomore year that any keen interest is shown in class elections. The president of the sophomore class for the first semester of the year leads the grand march at the Sophomore Cotillion which occurs on the last Friday night of the first semester. He also appoints the committee which has charge of this function. Interest is also shown in the election of officers of the sophomore class for the second semester, because at this time the managers of the class annual for the junior year are chosen, and although the class officers have no power in the appointing of these men, yet their influence usually counts for a good deal, and it is generally thought worth while at this time to be in political authority. The president for the sec- ond semester also appoints the committees in charge of the Sophomore Stag and the Sophomore Lid. The presidency of the junior class for the first semester is much sought after on account of the fact that the president leads the Junior Prom and appoints the Committee which has it in charge. The Prom is scheduled for the second Friday night in December and is one of the leading college social functions of the year. The committees in charge of the Junior Smoker and the Junior Cap are also appointed by the president of the class the first semester. The president for 80 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS the second semester has recently had the appointment of the Senior Memorial Committee and the Senior Hat Committee. The latter committee is appointed in the spring of the junior year so that the hats may be ready for use early in the fall. The senior class has no social events during the first sem- ester with the exception of the Class Smoker, the committee in charge of which the president appoints. The presidency for the second semester, however, is considered an honor worth striving for. This officer presides at the Class Day exercises, and leads the Senior Ball. He has also the privilege of ap- pointing some very important committees. These include the Senior Ball Committee, the Stag Committee, and the com- mittees on Invitations, Caps and Gowns, Senior Breakfast, Class Day, and Class Finance. The number of members on these committees varies from three to fifteen. Historical Sketch The University of Illinois is younger than most of the larger state universities, and besides the fact that it is young, it was slow in beginning its development. Like the other state universities the Illinois Industrial University, as it was at first called, grew out of the desire of the common people to furnish their children practical education as good as the best. In July, 1862, an Act was passed by Congress donating public lands, in the ratio of thirty thousand acres for each senator and representative, to the states and territories which would provide colleges for the teaching of agricul- ture and the mechanic arts. Under this Act Illinois would receive 480,000 acres of land valued at $600,000.00, the in- come on which could be applied for educational purposes. The Legislature of Illinois accepted the grant in February, 1863. The following year a committee of six, of which Pro- fessor Jonathan B. Turner of Jacksonville, Illinois, was per- haps the most influential member, was appointed by the State Agricultural Society to take the matter up, and to present to the State Legislature a plan of organization. This was done, and in February, 1867, a bill was passed by the Legislature locating the institution at Urbana. This action was taken in view of certain donations amounting to perhaps $200,- 000.00, made by the Illinois Central Railroad Company, Champaign County, and the cities of Champaign and Urbana. These donations included the ''Urbana and Champaign In- stitute Building," a large, ill-built structure standing approxi- mately where the baseball diamond on Illinois Field is now located. In this building, which was also used partly as a dormitory, the entire work of the University was for a few years carried on. The government of the University was at first vested in a Board of Trustees, consisting of the Governor, the Super- 81 82 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS intendent of Public Instruction, and the President of the State Board of Agriculture, ex-officio members, and twenty- eight citizens appointed by the Governor. The chief executive, who was also a member of the Board, was called Regent instead of President, as at present. This body was soon found to be too unwieldy, and in 1873 a new law was passed, providing that the Board should consist of nine members, (appointed by the Governor), three from each grand judicial division of the State. Women were not admitted, and the Trustees in the be- .ginning emphasized their belief in the fact that the University was to be made a practical institution by the following reso- lution : ''Resolved, that we recognize it as a duty of the Board of Trustees to make this University preeminently a practical school of agriculture and the mechanic arts, not excluding other scientific and classical studies." Every student was required to spend from one to two hours a day in manual labor for the institution, for which a modest remuneration was allowed. Seventy-seven students were enrolled during the first term of the University, which began March 11, 1868. The first Regent, as he was then called, was Dr. John Milton Gregory of Kalamazoo, Michigan. Dr. Gregory served the University as its executive head from March 12, 1867, a year before the institution was formally opened, un- til 1880. He was born July 6, 1822, at Sand Lake, New York. He graduated from Union College, in 1846, studied law from 1846 to 1848, and later, after some time spent in the study of theology, he entered the Baptist ministry. He taught in a secondary school in Michigan for a time, and was in 1858 elected state superintendent of public instruc- tion of the state of Michigan, which position he held until 1863, when he was elected to the presidency of Kalamazoo College. He was a man of the highest ideals, and of the broadest sympathies ; he had a far-reaching vision of what such an institution as a State University should be, and should be able to accomplish ; and he endeavored to lay the FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 83 foundations of the University deep and strong. He ex- ercised the strongest personal influence upon the student body. Women were first admitted to the University in 1870. The story is told that when the members of the Board of Trustees were deliberating over the matter in a room in the old dormitory, a group of students, much interested in the outcome were gathered in a room above listening through a friendly stovepipe hole to the discussion going on below. When the vote was finally taken, and was announced as favorable to the young women, an approving shout was heard from the gallant fellows above. The young women have ever since been thus kindly received. Twenty-two women registered the first year. In January, 1870, a mechanical shop was fitted up with tools and machinery, and here was begun the first shop in- struction given in any American university. The same year a system of student government was adopted which for a time seemed to work admirably. Politics soon crept in, however, and perverted justice, and the system was in 1883 abandoned. In 1871 a bill was passed by the Legislature appropriating $75,000.00 for a building to cost not less than $150,000.00, and providing that $75,000.00 addi- tional be appropriated at the next meeting. University Hall was begun, but the Legislature did not make the expected ad- ditional appropriation; and the building had to be completed with money taken from other University funds. A dark line may still be seen on the walls of this building where the bricks were stained from exposure during the delay ne- cessitated while waiting for funds. The first publication by the students of the University appeared in November, 1870. It was called the Student, and was published monthly. Two years following the name was changed to the Illini, by which name the University daily is still known. In 1877 the University was first given permission by the Legislature to grant degrees. Previous to this time graduates of specified courses had simply been given certificates indicating that they had satisfactorily completed an outlined course of study. 84 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS In 1880 Dr. Gregory resigned his position as Regent. He spent the remainder of his life in Washington, D. C, where he died October 20, 1898. By his own special request he was buried on the University grounds. His last resting place is marked by a prairie boulder under the trees between University Hall and Wright street. Dr. Selim H. Peabody, formerly Professor of Physics and of Mechanical Engineering, on the resignation of Dr. Gregory was appointed Regent pro tempore. The following March he was made Regent. Dr. Peabody was born at Rock- ingham, Vermont, August 20, 1829, and prepared for college in the Public Latin School of Boston. He was graduated from the University of Vermont in 1852. In 1877 he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the same institution, and four years later was given by the University of Iowa the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. All of his life fol- lowing his graduation from college, was spent in teaching in high schools and colleges, both in the east and in the west. He came to the University in 1878 as Professor of Physics and Mechanical Engineering. He was a man of wide learn- ing. It is said of him that at the time of his appointment to the office of Regent in 1880, he could have taught successfully any subject then offered in the curriculum of the institution. He remained at the head of the University until 1891. He died at St. Louis, Missouri, May 26, 1903. During his administration a number of events occurred of interest in the development of the University. The Leg- islature, which had been niggardly in its appropriation of funds, became somewhat more generous, and made appropri- ations both for the maintenance of the institution and for the erection of buildings. The appropriation for the erec- tion of the present Armory was made in 1889, and for the north wing of the present Natural History Building in 1891. Professor N. C. Ricker drew the plans for both of these buildings. A number of departments were added to the cur- riculum, including Mining Engineering, Pedagogy, and Rhet- oric and Oratory, and an effort was made to gain a strong- er control of student affairs. The Illini was reorganized^ FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 85 the time required to be put in by students in military drill was reduced, and fraternities and other secret societies were banished. A rule was passed that no student should enter the University until he had pledged himself not to join a fraternity, and that no student should be graduated until he had certified that while in the University, he had not belonged to any fraternity. The rule was strenuous, but was later re- pealed. The University had experienced a good deal of annoy- ance and found that considerable misunderstanding had arisen from the name "Illinois Industrial University," many people of the State having the idea that the University was a sort of penal institution or reform school. The Trustees, there- fore, petitioned the Legislature to change the name to "University of Illinois.'' This petition was acted on favor- ably in 1885, and brought great rejoicing to the friends of the University. The State Laboratory of Natural History was this same year brought to the University. By an Act passed in 1887 Trustees of the University were henceforth to be elected by popular vote. This change made it possible also for women to be members of the Board. The change in the manner of election helped materially to bring the institution before the people of the State, many of whom had previously known little or nothing of its char- acter or existence. On the resignation of Regent Peabody in June, 1891, the Board of Trustees appointed Professor T. J. Burrill as Acting Regent, and he served during an inter-regnum of three years. Up to this time the number of students in at- tendance had but once reached five hundred. The University was known almost exclusively, if known at all, as an engi- neering and an agricultural institution, though in agriculture it had few students, and had done little work. The Legisla- ture became more generous; appropriations for new buildings were received; more money for operating expenses was se- cured; graduate work was undertaken; and the whole institu- tion seemed to have an awakening. The attendance increased ; student organizations were aroused; the ban was taken off 86 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS fraternities ; and the relations between students and Faculty became more agreeable than they had been for years. Stu- dents were allowed greater liberty of action, and responded with greater sanity of conduct. A women's gymnasium was established; the Engineering Building was erected; and the office of Registrar was created. Everywhere a better spirit grew up. In April, 1894, Dr. Andrew Sloan Draper, then Super- intendent of the Cleveland, Ohio, schools was elected head of the institution, the title being changed from Regent to President. He entered upon the duties of his office Septem- ber, 1894. Andrew Sloan Draper, the third President of the Uni- versity, was born June 21, 1848, at Westford, New York. He was reared and educated in the state of New York, and for many years formed a large part of the political and educational life of that state. He was a graduate of the Albany Academy, and received his training for the pro- fession of law in the law school of Union College, graduat- ing in 1871. He received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from several of the leading universities of the country. For nearly a dozen years after his graduation in law, he practiced his profession. He was a member of the New York state legislature in 1881, judge of the United States Court of Alabama Claims in 1884 to 1886, and State Superin- tendent of Public Instruction from 1886 to 1892. The two years previous to his coming to the University he had been superintendent of the public schools of Cleveland, Ohio. President Draper had had wide experience with men, in poli- tics and in educational work; he had shown his ability as an organizer; and he put this quality to good use in his manage- ment of University affairs. He established the fact that the University to be successfully operated needed more buildings, and more money, and he got both. He enlarged the facilities for work in all the colleges ; through his influence the College of Law was organized; the present School of Library Science was brought to the University; a School of Music was es- tablished ; and an affiliation was made with the College of FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 8/ Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. He showed the keen- est personal interest in students and student activities. He was a rigid and successful disciplinarian, but he at the same time stood for what furnished students physical and social enjoyment. He enlarged the social life of the students; he encouraged athletics; he cultivated a friendly relationship between students and Faculty; and he brought about har- mony where there had been frequently dissension. President Draper managed in a large degree to put the University right before the people of the State, who in many cases had looked upon it with disfavor, or with indifference. It was by his skill in 1897, when the treasurer of the institu- tion defalcated, carrying with him nearly a half million dol- lars of University funds, that the University was brought through its difficulties with a minimum of loss and friction, and the State was immediately lead to fulfill its legal obliga- tion to the Federal Government by assuming the regular pay- ment of the interest on the endowment funds which had been stolen. Under his administration the Engineering Experi- ment Station was established ; eleven important buildings were erected at a cost of $835,000.00; the amount appropriated for general running expenses of the institution was increased three-fold; and the attendance grew from 750 to 3,500. Among the best services which he did to the University was to organize its regulations, and to put them into written form. Dr. Draper resigned his position as President in 1904 to become the Commissioner of Education of the State of New York, a position which he held until his death in May, 1913. Dr. Edmund Janes James, the fourth President of the Universit}^, assumed charge November 5, 1904. President James was born May 24, 1855, at Jacksonville, Illinois. He prepared for college in the Model Department of the Illinois State Normal School, Normal. He was later a student of Northwestern University, and of Harvard College, and re- ceived his Doctor's Degree from the University of Halle. He taught in the public high school of Evanston, Illinois, and in the high school department of the Illinois State Normal 88 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS School, Normal; from 1883 to 1896 he was Professor of Public Administration in the University of Pennsylvania, and Director of the Wharton School of Finance and Economy. From 1896 to 1902 he was Professor of Public Administra- tion and Director of the University Extension Division of the University of Chicago. He was President of North- western University from February, 1902, to September, 1904, when he resigned to become President of the University of Illinois. President James is the first native of the State of Illinois to be elected President of one of the three great uni- versities of the State — Northwestern, Chicago, and Illinois. He has presided over two of these, and was for six years a professor in the third. He is thus a Sucker by birth, educa- tion and career, — a genuine product of the corn belt itself, of which fact he is naturally proud. So far during President James' administration the Uni- versity has made material advances, especially along scholar- ship lines. Many new buildings, also, have been added, and the appropriations for operating expenses have been gener- ously enlarged at each biennium. Salaries of men of pro- fessorial rank have been increased fifty per cent., and for this reason it has been possible materially to strengthen the teaching force. Distinguished scholars have been brought to the University from all over the world, and emphasis has been laid upon the importance of the University's going into research and graduate work if it is to take its place among the great universities of the country. The Graduate School has become an actuality, and the Legislature and the people of the State have come to see its importance, and to approve definite appropriations for its support. A separate Graduate School faculty has been or- ganized, and graduate instruction has been developed and strengthened. There have been established a School of Edu- cation, the State Geological Survey, and a School of Rail- way Engineering and Administration. The colleges of Lit- erature and Arts and Science have been combined, and the standard of efficiency materially raised. FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 89 In May, 191 1, a law was passed providing for a one mill tax on all the assessed property of the State for the support of the University. Previously the University had had a somewhat uncertain source of support. From the general government it is receiving annually $112,000.00; from students' fees, exclusive of the Chicago departments, about $95,000.00; and from the interest on the endowment $32,- 000.00. For all other sums it was dependent upon the bi- ennial appropriations of the General Assembly of the State, which was indefinite and uncertain. The one mill tax puts the regular support of the University upon a safer founda- tion, and assures a regular income. No other event in the history of the institution is more important than the pas- sage of this bill. The Organization of the University For the purpose of doing business the University is di- vided into schools and colleges, each with its separate body of instructors, or faculty. Each school is presided over by a Director, and each college by a Dean. At Urbana there are the Colleges of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Engineering, Agriculture, and Law, and the Schools of Music and Library Science. The deans of the colleges, together with the President, the Vice-President, the Dean of Men, and the Dean of Women make up the Council of Administration. The Sen- ate is composed of professors, or those acting as heads of departments, even though they may at that time be below the rank of professor. Those persons who give instruction in a school or a college constitute its faculty. The Council of Administration, which is an executive body, meets every Tuesday at four o'clock. It has final action on all student disciplinary matters. Cases of discipline are first considered by a committee appointed by the Council, of which the Dean of Men is chairman in the case of men, and the Dean of Women in the case of women. The findings of these committees are reported to the Council of Adminis- tration for its final action. The Council considers all irreg- ular matters concerned with the waiving or the enforcement of general University rules. It is for the student a sort of court of last appeals. The Senate, which corresponds to the general faculty in most colleges, meets on the first Monday of October, December, February, April, and June. It concerns itself with legislative matters of a general character, or those which affect the whole institution. Its regulations have to do with such educational matters as affect all of the colleges, or the general University policy. It passes on such matters as entrance requirements, the requirements for graduation, 90 FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 9I the general regulation of athletics, and so on. It has nothing to do with the enforcement of University laws. The faculties of the respective schools and colleges meet at times best suited to each individual organization. Some meet each week, and others only at the call of the Dean or the Director. Each faculty exercises legislative functions with regard to educational matters pertaining to its own work. It determines, for example, the amount and the char- acter of work which students may take, the prerequisites for courses, the conditions on which students may proceed, and so on. The final authority in executive matters lies with the Dean of the college. The Dean of Men is a general University officer who has charge of student activities, social matters, and matters of conduct pertaining to the undergraduate men. He is chair- man of the disciplinary committee for men, and has super- vision over class attendance. He is concerned with the con- duct, progress, and interests of individual students. The Dean of Women bears a similar relation to the undergrad- uate women of the University. The Campus and University Buildings The land occupied by the University and its several de- partments embraces 225 acres, besides a farm of 855 acres. The main part of the campus, the part used most for ordi- nary class work, is a long, narrow strip lying between the residence districts of Champaign and Urbana. The dividing line between the two towns is Wright Street, which forms the west boundary of the campus. Thus the University is located within the city limits of Urbana. University Avenue, which extends directly east from the Illinois Central Railroad station in Champaign, touches the north end of the campus. From this street south to the lower end of the campus proper is a distance of one and one-half miles. The north end of the campus is devoted to the athletic interests, containing Illinois Field and the Men's Gymnasium. The part of the campus between Springfield Avenue, the street intersecting the campus at the Men's Gymnasium, and Green Street embraces the buildings of the engineering group. The middle campus contains mainly buildings occupied by departments of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences ; and with the exception of the Military Drill field, the College of Agriculture and the Agriculture Experiment Station, use the entire south campus. The privileges of the campus and the buildings are open to all members of the University, except where notice to the contrary is posted. It is traditional that persons using the campus and buildings shall keep to the campus walks and shall not mar in any way the exterior or interior appear- ance of the buildings. The University has made a request that there be no smoking on the campus or around any of the buildings. Otherwise the walks of the campus and the corridors of all of the buildings may be used with entire 92 FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 93 freedom. In the main entry of almost all of the buildings there is a directory of the offices and rooms. In order that the readers of this book may fully under- stand the campus plan we shall start at the north end of the campus and explain matters as we go south. The MEN'S GYMNASIUM (i) and the OLD ARM- ORY (2) are located at the north end of the campus and front on Springfield Avenue. The first and second floors of the Gymnasium are given over to locker rooms, team rooms, and offices. On the second floor, immediately to the right of the entrance hall, is the office of the Director of Athletics and of the various coaches. Back of this office are the 'Varsity team rooms. To the left of the entrance hall are the of- fice of the Director of the Gymnasium, the Gymnasium Sup- ply Store, and the general lockers. The swimming pool is directly back of the entrance hall. On the third floor is the g}'mnasium exercise room, occupying the entire floor and sur- rounded by the running track. The general lockers, the swimming pool, and the exercise floor are open to all mem- bers of the University. Permits for lockers are obtained from the Bursar's office, and lockers are assigned by the Gymnasium custodian. The OLD ARMORY, so-called to distinguish it from the new armory now under construction, contains the as- sembly hall of the University regiment, a single large room with gun racks along the walls. This building is used for all of the University dances and class social gatherings ; in the winter it is used for basketball games and for indoor baseball practice. The administrative offices of the Univer- sity regiment are in Engineering Hall. Just south of the Armory and fronting on Burrill Ave- nue are the WOOD SHOP (3), FOUNDRY (4), METAL SH0P(5), and FORGE SH0P(6). In these shops is car- ried on the beginning shop practice for engineering stu- dents. The office of the Director of Shop Laboratories is in the Metal Shop building. The ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY (11) is just south of the Metal Shop, fronting Burrill Ave- 94 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS nue and is built of 3^ellow pressed brick. In this building is housed the equipment used in the courses in electrical engi- neering. The lecture and recitation rooms used in these courses are on the first floor. The office of the head of the department of electrical engineering and the offices of the members of the faculty of the department are on the second floor. The LABORATORY OF APPLIED MECHANICS (13) is next south of the Electrical Engineering Laboratory just across the "Boneyard." In the front part is the materials equipment, including a large machine for testing reinforced concrete beams. In the rear of the building is the hydraulics laboratory. ENGINEERING HALL (17), the main building of the College of Engineering, is located at the corner of Burrill Avenue and Green Street, fronting on Green Street. In the basement of the building and to the right of the Burrill Ave- nue entrance is the administration office of the University reg- iment. In this office freshmen members of the regiment re- cord their orders for military uniforms and present petitions having to do with military drill. To the left of this entrance are the offices and drafting rooms of the Supervising Archi- tect. The remainder of the basement and the entire first floor are occupied by the offices, recitation rooms, instrument and drafting rooms, of the departments of civil engineering and municipal and sanitary engineering. The main lecture room is on the second floor. On the third floor, immediately over the Green Street entrance, are the offices of the Dean and the Assistant Dean of the College of Engineering. On this floor, also, are the offices, recitation and drafting rooms of the de- partment of mechanical engineering. A portion of the third and all of the fourth floor is occupied by the department of architecture. Registration for courses in engineering is made on the second and third floors of Engineering Hall. Consultation concerning engineering courses may be had during the two days of registration with representatives of the various de- partments in temporary offices on these floors. FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 95 The LABORATORY OF PHYSICS (i6) is located east of Engineering Hall on the corner of Green Street and Math- ews Avenue. It is devoted entirely to work in the depart- ment of physics. The offices of the head of the department of physics are on the second floor. The large lecture room on the first floor is the meeting place of the University Senate. Along the paved alley-way between Engineering Hall and the Physics Laboratory are the various buildings comprising the power and heating plant of the University, together with the pumping station (14) and the fire department station. The main building of the power plant (7) is on Mathews Avenue just south of the street car line. In this building is the office of the Superintendent of Buildings, which is the central office for workmen employed by the University. The small stream which flows through this part of the campus is the Boneyard, a stream of many traditions. On the north bank of this stream and fronting east on Mathews Avenue is the MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORA- TORY (8). This building contains a major part of the ex- perimental equipm.ent for the departments of civil engineering and mechanical engineering. The office of the head of the department of mechanical engineering is in this building. The TRANSPORTATION BUILDING (45) is located just across Mathews Avenue from the Mechanical Engineer- ing Laboratory. The first and second floors are occupied by the departments of railway and mining engineering. The offxe of the head of the department of railway engineering is on the first floor; the office of the head of the department of mining engineering is on the second floor. The entire third floor is occupied by the department of general engineer- ing drawing. Back of the Transportation Building toward the car tracks is the LOCOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORY (44). This building contains complete equipment for testing the largest railway locomotives. South of the Locomotive Testing Laboratory is the CERAMICS LABORATORY (46). In this building are housed all of the recitation rooms and laboratories used in g6 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS courses in ceramics. The office of the Director of Courses in Ceramics is on the second floor of this building. It also contains a part of the mining engineering laboratory and equipment, including a Mine Rescue station. The PRESIDENTS HOUSE (i8) is located on Green Street across Burrill Avenue from Engineering Hall. This is the home of the President of the University. Back of the President's House is the NORTH GREEN- HOUSE (12), in which is the office of the Superintendent of Grounds. The LIBRARY (19), a stone building with red tiled roof and huge tower, dominates the middle campus south of Green Street. This building houses the major part of the books forming the University library; the remaining books are dis- tributed among the various seminar and departmental libra- ries. The central room, opening from the entry hall, con- tains the loan department, with the large card catalog of all of the books in the various libraries. To the right of this room is the general reference room, and to the left is the periodical reading room; both of these rooms are open to all students for reading and studying. The office of the director of the library is in the east wing of the third floor. In the basement to the right of the stairway is the University Station Postoffice. To the east of the Library is the old UNIVERSITY HALL (20), the oldest building on the campus and erected in 1873. This building contains most of the classrooms and offices for undergraduate work in the departments of Eng- lish, French, German, Spanish, history, education, psychology, art and design, and political science. The offices of the Dean and the Assistant Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences are on the second floor at the head of the main stair- way. The office of the Director of the School of Education and of the Summer Session is on the first floor to the left of the main entrance. The office of the Director of the Music School is on the first floor in the extreme left end of the cor- ridor. The practice rooms and offices of the School of Music occupy the east end of the basement. The chapel is in the i J FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 97 east wing on the first floor. In the basement at the west end are the offices of various publications, The Daily Illinij The Iliio, The Siren, and The Alumni Quarterly. The rooms in which the men's literary societies hold their meetings are on the top floor. Registration for students in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences is made in University Hall, and consultation con- cerning courses in this college may be held with representa- tives of the various departments with temporary offices in this building during the two days of registration. The LAW BUILDING (21) is to the east of University Hall. In it are the classrooms, offices, and library of the Col- lege of Law. The office of the Dean of the College of Law is at the south end of the corridor on the first floor. The law li- brary is at the north end of the second floor, and the moot court room is at the south end of the second floor. A general information bureau for the use of all members of the Uni- versity is located in the basement. Registration in the College of Law is made in the Law Building. East of the Law Building is the NATURAL HISTORY BUILDING {22). This building contains the departments of botany, zoology, physiology, geology, and mathematics. The general administrative offices of the University are also lo- cated in this building, pending the completion of the new ad- ministration building. In the north wing are the offices, laboratories, and recita- tion rooms of the department of botany, zoology, and psychol- og>% together with the office of the director of the state labo- ratory of natural history. In the middle part of the building on the first floor, just opposite the main entrance, is the main lecture room. Above this is a museum. In the south wing on the first floor and basement are the offices, lecture rooms, and laboratories of the department of geology, together with the general offices of the State Geological Survey. The department of mathematics occupies the top floor of this wing with offices, recitation rooms, and librar3^ 98 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS On the second floor to the south of the main stairway is the office of the Registrar. This office issues permits for reg- istration, certificates for advanced standing, and has general charge of the records of scholarship. The Bursar's office is next south of the Registrar's office. The Bursar has charge of receiving payments for tuition fees, and all other fees paid by the students as a part of their registration. Locker per- mits are issued by this office. To the south of the Bursar's office are the offices of the Purchasing Agent, Comptroller and Assistant Comptroller. On the north side of the corridor of the south wing are the offices of the Dean of Men and the Assistant Dean of Men. At the end of the corridor is the office of the President of the University. The CHEMISTRY BUILDING (23) is south of the Natural History Building. It is devoted entirely to work in the courses in chemistry. The office of the head of the de- partment of chemistry is at the north end of the corridor on the first floor. Near by are the general offices of the Director of the State Water Survey. The Chemistry Lecture Room is in the middle of the building on the first floor opposite the main entrance. South of the Chemistry Laboratory is the AGRICULTU- RAL BUILDING (26). On the first floor opposite the main entrance is the administration office of the College of Agri- culture and the Agricultural Experiment Station. Connected with this office are the offices of the Dean and Assistant Dean of the College of Agriculture. On the floor above this office is Morrow Hall, the assembly hall for agricultural meetings. In this building are located the offices of the heads of the departments of agronomy, animal husbandry, dairy husbandry, horticulture, and veterinary science. Registration for courses in the College of Agriculture is made in this building. To the south of the Agricultural Building is a small building used in the work of the State Entomologist and his staff. To the south of this building is the ASTRONOM- FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 99 ICAL OBSERVATORY (31), which houses the department of astronom}^ At the lower end of the south campus quadrangle is the AUDITORIUM (30). All general University exercises, in- cluding convocations and the commencement gatherings, are held in this building. It contains an auditorium seating about 2,200 and a memorial vestibule. The annual convocation of new students is held here. Adjacent to the Auditorium on the west is LINCOLN HALL (29). This building contains offices, recitation rooms, and seminar libraries connected with advanced work in the departments of the classics, English, Romance languages, Ger- manic languages, history, economics, political science, sociol- ogy, and philosophy. On the fourth floor are two museums, the Museum of Classical Art and Archaeology, and the Mu- seum of European Culture. North of Lincoln Hall is the WOMAN'S BUILDING (25). The south wing contains the office of the Dean of Women, together with various parlors and rest rooms. The north wing contains the office of the Director of Courses in Household Science and the recitation rooms and laboratories used in courses in household science. The part of the building fronting on Wright Street contains the woman's gymnasium and the offices of the director of physical training for women. North of the Woman's Building is the COMMERCE BUILDING (24). This building contains the offices and reci- tation rooms of the course in business administration. Oppo- site the main entrance is the large lecture room, and near by are the offices of the director and assistant director of the courses in business administration. The office of the Dean of the Graduate School is also in this building. At the end of Burrill Avenue on the south campus is the STOCK JUDGING PAVILION (40). This building con- tains a large judging room with raised seats used in courses in animal husbandry, together with offices of some of the members of the animal husbandry faculty. To the east of this building is the FARM MECHANICS BUILDING, containing the offices, class rooms, and lab- lOO UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS oratories of the courses having to do with farm machinery and farm buildings. The third floor is given over to the storage of a full equipment of the various kinds of machinery used in farming loaned to the College by manufacturing companies. Some distance away from this building to the east are the greenhouses and service buildings of the courses in flori- culture (48). Across the campus to the west is the building used as a field house (32) for work in horticulture. The new ARMORY (47) dominates the lower west part of the campus. This building contains a drill floor 200x400 feet, together with company rooms, locker rooms, and class rooms. Miscellaneous Information RULES FOR UNDERGRADUATES The rules governing the conduct and management of un- dergraduate students are published by the University and may be had at the time of registration or by asking for a copy at any of the University offices. Students will do well to fa- miliarize themselves with these rules. MILITARY DRILL The University being one of the ''Land Grant'' colleges is required to give regular instruction in Military Science. All able bodied male students under twenty-five years of age and citizens of the United States must take Military drill during their freshman and sophomore years. Students twen- ty-five years of age when they enter the University, students who are not citizens of the United States, those who enter with junior standing, and those physically unfit, are excused from this requirem.ent. All other students must at the time of registration make a deposit of $16.20 for the uniform of cadet gray required, and register for the course in Military. Students not feeling able to buy a new uniform will find opportunity to pick up second hand uniforms in good con- dition. These must be approved by the Militar}^ office be- fore they can be received, and it is usually well for the new student not to pay too generous a price. During the early history of the University students were required to drill during their entire connection with the in- stitution, from the time they entered the academy until the end of the senior year. In 1880 seniors were excused from the drill requirements, and in 1891 "preps" and juniors were included among those excused. The University cadet regi- ment is now the largest in the country, and has been brought to a very high degree of efficiency. The non-commissioned officers of the regiment are se- lected from the sophomore class, lieutenants from the junior lOI 102 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS class, and the field officers and captains from the senior class and the graduate school. Students who are absent from any exercise in Military drill must secure an excuse for this absence from the office of the Dean of Men and present it to the Military Com- mandant before Saturday noon of the week in which the absence occurs. Failure to do this will cause the student to make up two drills for every one thus absent. Absences from Military drill are not reckoned as other cuts. Students are disciplined in other and more severe ways for cutting Military drill than by being dropped from class. PHYSICAL TRAINING Physical Training is a required course for all freshmen. Students, however, who are physically unable to take the course may be excused by presenting a petition after regis- tration. Men who are doing manual labor to help earn their living, or who have other legitimate excuses, may be ex- cused from the gymnasium exercises by presenting a petition in person at the office of the Dean of Men. Blank forms for these petitions may be obtained from any of the executive offices. Lectures on personal hygiene are given once a week for the first six weeks of the first semester commencing on the week following registration. All students whether or not ex- cused for athletic or other work, are required to attend these lectures. ^ These lectures occur on the first day of the two days of the week on which Physical Training is scheduled. That is if Physical Training is scheduled on the study pro- gram for Tuesday and Thursday, the lectures will occur on Tuesday. Students will find their names posted on the bul- letin board opposite the entrance to the room in which the lectures occur. Any irregularities in the posting of names should be reported to the Dean of Men. The gymnasium ex- ercises do not begin until after the lectures on hygiene have ended. Students who on account of illness or other reason are unable to attend work in Physical Training should get an excuse from the office of the Dean of Men. FACTS FOR FRESHMEN IO3 MEDICAL ADVICE Everyone at some time during his college course is likely to need medical advice. There are in Champaign and Urbana and about the University a number of excellent physicians and others not so good. Students should not engage a phy- sician without asking the advice of some one who has been in the community long enough to give intelligent advice. This will ordinarily not be another student. The Dean of Men will be glad to advise students on this subject at any time. No more important advice has been given in this book than that contained in this paragraph. STUDENTS* MUTUAL BENEFIT HOSPITAL FUND The Students' Mutual Benefit Hospital Fund, formerly the Hospital Association, was organized in 1899 to provide a fund to furnish hospital care for students in case of illness. Each student pays a fee of $1.00 a semester, and the sum thus raised, so far as the money available will do so, is used to pay the hospital ward fee of such contributors as fall ill. Students must be in good health when they pay the fee, and in case of illness are entitled to care for a length of time not exceeding four weeks each semester. The physician's bill and the fee for a special nurse, if one is required,, are not in- cluded in the amount paid out of the Benefit Fund. The fee will not be received later than three weeks after the first day of registration in any semester. You cannot spend a dollar more wisely than to contribute to this fund, since it insures excellent care and more rapid recovery in case of illness. The fund is managed by the Dean of Men. INTERMISSIONS An intermission of ten minutes is allowed between reci- tation hours in which students are to get from one building or from one class to another. Many instructors mark stu- dents absent who are not in the class room by the time the second class bell rings. Students who are unavoidably late will do w^ell to speak to the instructor at the close of the class period to avoid being marked absent. Calendar The University opens on the Wednesday nearest the twentieth of September. Registration days are the two days previous to the day of opening. Entrance Registration examinations are given the week before registration to such students as find it nec- essary to take them. New students who have not registered during the summer should obtain permits from the Registrar's office and should take these to the office of the Dean of the college in which they wish to register. Directions as to how to proceed will be given them there. Old students (men) who were not registered in the University the previous semester should obtain a permit from the office of the Dean of Men. Students registered the previous semester should go directly to the office of the dean of their respective colleges. Men who do not register upon the regular registration days must obtain a permit from the office of the Dean of Men and pay at the business office a fee of one dollar for late registration. All fees, including a deposit of $16,20 for the military uniform, are paid at the time of registration. A convocation of the men of the freshman class is held in the Auditorium at four o'clock Freshman Convocation on the first day (Wednesday) of the semester. Football practice begins by Conference rule on Sep- tember 20. Freshmen wish- Football Practice ing to try out for their team should see the freshman coach on Illinois Field. 104 FACTS FOR FRESHMEN 105 A reception to men is given by the Young Men's Chris- tian Association on the second Y. M. C. A. Reception Friday night of the semester. All new men are welcomed. Re- freshments are served and an opportunity furnished to get acquainted. For the last fifteen or twenty years it has been the cus- tom for the freshman and sophomore classes, some time in October, to hold a class contest. At first The Class it was a color rush, later it took the form Contest of a push ball contest, and in 1913 a sack rush was held. This contest takes place on the back campus under the direction of the Students* Union, and hundreds of underclassmen take part in it. Class elections occur on the second Friday in October, under the direction of the Student's Union. Class Elections This includes the freshman class elections also. A primary election is held one week previous to the regular election. A report on the scholastic standing of all freshmen and special students and on all other students whose work is below 75 per cent, is made on the fourth First Report Friday in October to the dean of the col- On Scholarship lege in which the student is registered. Men may find out their standing in a gen- eral Vv^ay by calling a few days later than the date of the reports at the office of the Dean of Men. Students who are reported as doing poor work in m.ore than one subject are called to the office of the dean of their college for conference. The Fall Handicap is an annual event occurring in No- vember for track athletes representing Fall Handicap the various classes and handicapped on the basis of their previous records. Medals are given to the winners of places. The meet is the first try-out for prospective candidates for the 'Varsity Track squad. I06 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS On the day of the most important football game on Illinois Field a Home Coming celebration Home Coming occurs. Hundreds of old students visit the University, special meetings and demonstra- tions are held, and there is a general reunion of all college organizations. A conference of the high school teachers of the state is held at the University during the week High School previous to Thanksgiving. This confer- Conference ence is one of the most largely attended of its kind in the country. The Thanksgiving recess begins on Wednesday noon previous to Thanksgiving day and ends on the Monday noon following. Students may not without per- Thanksgiving mission absent themselves from classes Recess either immediately before or immediately following a vacation on penalty of being excluded from final examinations in such subjects as they cut. Students who find it necessary to extend their vacation may present a petition to the Committee on Student Progress ten days before the beginning of the vacation. Men may leave these petitions at the office of the Dean of Men and women with the Dean of Women. The Junior Prom is set for the second Friday night in December. It is considered the most for- Junior Prom mal and elarborate college dance of the year. Freshmen may not attend. A second report on scholarship is made to the college office on the second Friday in De- Second Report on cember. Students who have been Scholarship reported for poor work both in October and in December are notified and their parents written the facts. FACTS FOR FRESHMEN IO7 The Christmas Concert by the Choral Society is given on the Tuesday evening of the Christmas Concert week previous to the beginning of the Christmas recess. A Christmas recess of approximately two weeks is given, the exact dates of which are an- Christmas Recess nounced in the University Cata- log. Students may not extend this vacation without permission of the Committee on Student Progress. Final examinations for the first semester begin on the last Thursday in January and continue for eight days. Most examinations are held in the forenoons Examinations from eight to eleven. Examinations in first hour subjects (8:00 to 9:00 o'clock) occur on the first day of the examination period, and so on. Students with conflicts must arrange these with the Dean of Men be- fore the time scheduled for the examination. The afternoons of examination days are occupied with the examinations in subjects the work of which is given in sections. The Sophomore Cotillion occurs on the Friday night of the first semester following exam- Sophomore Cotillion inations. Registration for the second semester occurs on the Mon- day and Tuesday following the Registration close of the first semester. Men who do not complete their regis- tration on these days must obtain a permit from the Dean of Men and pay a special fee of one dollar. A "stunt" program, called the Post-Exam Jubilee, in the auditorium, is presented under the Post-Exam Jubilee management of the Young Men's Christian Association, on the first Tuesday evening of the second semester. I08 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS The Military Ball is given on the Friday night of the week in which Washington's Military Ball birthday occurs. The annual Military Band Concert occurs on the evening of the first Saturday in March. Band Concert Reports on scholarship for the second semester are made on the third Friday in March. But Spring Report on one report is made during the Scholarship second semester. The Easter recess begins on Thursday at twelve o'clock previous to Easter Sunday and Easter Recess ends on Tuesday noon following Easter Sunday. Students may not extend this vacation without special permission of the Committee on Student Progress. The "Welcome to Spring," an impromptu celebration in recognition of the coming of Spring Celebration spring, occurs without announce- ment on the first pleasant evening in early April. Interscholastic week occurs near the middle of May. The exercises of this week include the Interscholastic Week May Pole Dance on IlHnois Field, the Stunt Show, the Circus, and the athletic events of the Interscholastic meet. Between the fifteenth and the thirty-first of May are scheduled the military events of the year, including Military Day, the Hazelton prize drill, the annual Military Events military inspection, and the company com- petitive drill. An extra penalty is imposed upon the cadet who fails to be present at the last two events mentioned. FACTS FOR FRESHMEN IO9 Examinations for the second semester begin on the Thursday nearest the first of June and continue eight days. Examinations are given in the same order Examinations as has been indicated for first semester ex- aminations. The afternoons are occupied \vith the examinations in subjects the work of which has been presented in sections. Commencement occurs on the week following the ex- aminations for the second semester. The events begin with a promenade concert given by the Commencement Military Band in the Armory on the Saturday evening of the week in which examinations are ended. On the Sunday afternoon following the band concert, occurs the Baccalaureate address. Monday is occupied with the Class Day program, and the Senior Ball in the Armory, Tuesday is Alumni Day, and Wednesday is given over to the exercises of Commencement. The Summer Session opens on the first Monday fol- lowing Commencement week and con- Summer Session tinues eight weeks. iH,nn,S/^.'i?I, O*" CONGRESS 028 346 3 4 A