* *• - «*- "PE 1144 .G8 Copy 1 THE PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK, IN TWO PARTS; i , k | CONTAINING A GREAT VARIETY OF USEFUL EXERCISES I SPELLING, PRONUNCIATION, AND DERIVATION EXT .SI.ETAL 2S 01 WORDS DEDUCED FROM THEIR G v^EK AND.LAT/N ROOTS. THE SECOND PART ARRANGED ON THE BASIS OF BUTTER'S ETYMOLOGICAL SPELLING-BOOX. BY SAMUEL R. GUMMERE. PUBLISHED BY KIMBER & SHARPLESS, xut if he will take it to his sis-ter, it may be she will mend it for him, if she can find time ; for he is not fit to go out so. A good boy will take care of his book, and will not soil it, or let it get torn. . PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 25 EASY WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES, With not more than four letters in a syllable ; accented on thejirst. a corn a pril bane ful care less case ment da ring ha tred hate ful la tent la ding ma king ma tron na tive pa rent pave ment rain bow sa cred safe ty tame ly de cent eve ning feel ing fe male free dom gree dy neat ly need ful pea cock rea ding re cent re gent se cret trea ty reap er fear less cli mate fine ly fire side hind most hoi der hire ling home ly kind ly hope ful kind ness lo cust like ly mo ment like ness most ly live ly port ly mind ful po tent pi rate cu rate pri vate du ring ripe ly fu ture si lent mute ly time ly pure ly cold ness pu trid dole ful stu dent do tage sure ly flo rist tu mult fore man tune ful gold en use less Reading Lessons. The rain will run in-to the riv-er, and the riv-er will run in-to the sea ; and in a ship we may sail in safe-ty o-ver the sea. Ma-ry is ver-y care-less ; she let her book lie out on the pave-ment du-ring the rain, and it is now wet and use- less. If we put an a-corn in the soil, it will in time grow to be an oak; and oak tim-ber, as well as lo-cust tree, is ver-y use-ful in ma-king a ship. It will take an age for a big tree to grow, but a man can cut it down with his axe in a day. The snow is ver-y use-ful to keep the corn from be-ing fro-zen in our cold cli-mate. Hen-ry is a neat flo-rist ; his ro-ses and his tu-lips grow fine-ly. We must make the best use of our time, and not let a day pass i-dly ; for if we do, it will be lost to us for ev-er. My win-do w has an i-vy o-ver it, that will make it ver-y sha-dy to sit by in sum-mer. Mk^flk 1 26 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. ad vent Al fred blad der bran dy cat mint clap per clar et chat ter drag on flag on flan nel flat ter fran tic glad ly glas sy gram mar grav el hand ful plas ter scat ter Short bles sed cen tral clev er den tist dres ser Ed ward em blem help er her rir^g lend er plen ty pret ty rem nant rep tile self ish shel ter slen der ten dril test ed vend er vowel sounds. blis ter die tate dis tant flin ty glim mer glit ter grim ly grit ty in fant in land in mate prim er prin ter ring let sit ting slip per spig ot spin ner stin gy tim brel bon fire con cert drop sy fros ty frol ic grot to lob ster nos tril prob lem burn ing clus ter cur rent flut ter hunt er just ly mus tard plun der slum ber stud y turn pike Reading- Lessons. The ten-dril of the vine is made to curl o-ver the wall, and take hold of it, so that the vine may not fall un-der the load of ripe clus-ters that hang from it. Em-ma had a pret-ty wax ba-by giv-en to her ; with hair all in ring-lets, and eyes to o-pen and shut like a re-al in-fant. If we take a ride to day, let us go by the grav-el turn- pike ; for it is too dus-ty in this road. The cam-el is a na-tive of the tor-rid zone ; that cli-mate is hot, and he is ver-y use-ful to his mas-ter, to car-ry him o-ver the burn-ing sand. The boys went out in a frol-ic one day, and made a bon- fire in the lane ; it set fire to an old oak tree that grew near, but we put it out, and it did not do any more harm. My sis-ter put a mus-tard plas-ter on my side, and it has made a blis-ter ; how shall I man-age to cure it ? A lit-tle ol-ive oil on a rag will al-lay the pain. The reap-er went to cut the corn ; take him a bit of pie and a lit-tle cof-fee, for he is hard at la-bor, and he must not take bran-dv. PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 27 EASY WORDS OF Of not more than four letters a bate a wake be came be have be take be ware col late com pare de base de bate de face de fame di late dis play en gage es cape for gave for sake hu mane ad here ca reer con vene fore see mis deed re Cede re vere se rene ad mire ad vice as pire at tire bap tise be hind be side con fide com bine de cide di vide TWO SYLLABLES each ; accented on the second. de fine ab jure de ride ac cuse de sire ad duce dis like al lude en tice ex cite im bibe in vite a dore be fore be hold com mode com pose con trol de vote dis robe ex pose fore bode pro mote as sume com mute con fute con sume cos tume de duce de lude de nude dis pute ex cuse il lume im pute ma ture mis rule per fume Reading Lessons. Lit-tle sis-ters must not dis-pute and get an-gry, for it is ver-y bad to be-have so. We must try to con-trol our tem-pers, and nev-er give way to an-ger ; for the Bi-ble will tell us that this is sin-ful. Al-fred made a nice grot-to in the snow for us to play in, and he made a lit-tle bon-fire in it to il-lume it ; but the day was so cold, we had to run a-way be-fore we had time to fin-ish it. A wise man will be-hold much to ad-mire in na-ture, and will en-joy this dis-play of the glo-ry and wis-dom of our Ma-ker. In sum-mer, e-ven when the air is se-rene, it is of-ten so sul-try, as to ren-der it un-fit for us to be out in the sun ; we can then de-vote our time to stud-y, for we must nev-er be i-dle. In the Ho-ly Bi-ble we are told, that it is our du-ty to do as we like to be done by ; we call this the gold-en rule, and we must all try to o-bey it, if we de-sire to be-come good and hap-py. 28 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. a bash ad apt a mass at tack ca lash com mand de camp dis band en camp en trap ex pand fore cast here at le vant mo rass per haps re cant re past sur pass un mask Short sounds af feet ar rest com mend con nect • con tend con test cor rect de ject di rect dis sect di vest ex pend fo ment him self in dent in fest la ment mo lest of fend per plex of the vowels. pre sent re gret re lent pro tect se lect sus pend tin bend un well up held con sist dis miss en list for give here in in stil per sist pre diet re miss un mixt up lift ac cord ab sorb a dorn as sort con form des pond emboss for lorn pro long un born un lock ab surd cor rupt de duct dis turb re fund re suit ro bust un furl un hurt Reading Lessons. A beet is a root of a dark red co-lor, in the form of a car-rot. Ma-ny per-sons use it to make a kind of su- gar that is ver-y good, but still, that made from the su- gar cane, is said to sur-pass it. In a cold day we of-ten sus-pend meat out in the air, so that it may be fro-zen; for that will make it more ten-der. My un-cle has gone to take a nap, and he told me not to al-low a-ny one to dis-turb him. Ed-ward hurt Rob-ert ver-y bad-ly ; but he went to day, of his own ac-cord, to ask him to fbr-give him. I did not see him af-ter that, so I can-not tell the re-sult of his ex-cuse ; but per-haps he for-gave him, as he was so sor-ry for it. The tu-lip pop-lar is a na-tive of our for-ests, and is a no- ble tree ; but it is not so stur-dy, nor so use-ful as the oak. Its blos-som is of a tu-lip form, and is ver-y pret-ty. The beg-gar has no coat ; be-fore I dis-miss him, I will pre-sent him with an old one of mine, and a hat and jack-et al-so ; for I fear he will suf-fer this fros-ty day. __ PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 29 EASY MONOSYLLABLES OF FIVE OR MORE LETTERS. Long sounds of the vowels. lake ride tone rude flake pride stone crude brake chide prone brute drake glide drove flute snake smile grove plume spake blade while stove prune chose glare drive glade share strive froze brace snare swine broke trace spare shak twine smoke blaze prime spoke craze spake slime stroke blame change price shore flame range trice snore shame strange spice store brave grace splice stole grave place spine drone slave space thine throne Reading Lessons. See how the smoke ri-ses from yon-der cot-tage ; now the flame can be seen. I fear some rude or care-less boy has ta-ken some fire out of the stove to play with, or per-haps he has put the can-die too near the bed, and set it in a blaze. How sad it must be for that boy, to re-flect on the dam-age he has done : for the cot-tage is now all < :>n fire, and can not be sa-ved ; so the pa-rents and chil-dren will have no home, and must seek a shel- 1 ter in the barn or some other place. We met a drove of swine on the road, and they were so fat and la-zy, that we had to ride o-ver them al-most, be-fore they got out of our way ; but we did try not to hurt any of them. A rude lit-tle boy took a strange fan-cy to jump from the top of a lad-der ; the men told him he had bet-ter not do so ; but he chose to have his own way, and did lump, and he fell on a stone and broke his leg, and hurt his spine, so that he will al -ways be a crip-pl e. C2 30 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. Other sounds of the vowels. land bland grand stand blank drank frank lamp clamp cramp stamp brand grand strand barge large charge larch march parch starch lend blend spend fence hence thence whence link blink drink shrink mince prince since lock block clock flock shock stock frock edge hedge ledge pledge sledge fetch wretch ring bring spring string cling fling sling loss gloss cross dross frost broth cloth dress press stress tress bench clench trench sting swing thing wring cringe fringe hinge prong strong thong throng botch notch scotch rush brush crush thrush grudge judge trudge lump clump plump stump trump snuff stuff crust trust thrust clung flung sprung strung Reading Lessons. An-na has got a pret-ty new frock, but she must not be vain of her dress ; for that is not only weak and sil-ly, but it is sin-ful. Ma-ny men cling to this life as if it were nev-er to end ; and ne-glect the life that is to come as if it were nev-er to be-gin. Starch is most-ly made from meal, and is ver-y use-ful to stif-fen parts of our dress. We can fling a stone ver-y far with a sling. We read in the Bi-ble, that Da-vid slew the gi-ant by the aid of his sling. A barge is a kind of boat, made to use in a ea-nal. Wax and but-ter will melt if put in the sun ; but sil-ver, gold, or cop-per has to be put in-to a hot fur-nace be- fore it will melt. Ask the maid to lay the cloth on the ta-ble, and put the plates on it ; for it is two o'clock, and it is time for din-ner. PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 31 MONOSYLLABLES OF FIVE OR MORE LETTERS, Containing diphthongs. ram brain grain train strain team steam stream scream green creep sheep street sweet wheat boast coast toast roar floor bound found ground round sound faint crease bleach flail spool paint grease peach snail stool saint leave preach trail goose chair leaves reach braid loose stair sheaves teach staid noose brawl bread mouth cloud voice crawl spread thread south proud choice scrawl shout brown broil cause tread spout clown spoil pause field flour crown could drawn shield ' prowl drown should spawn yield scowd frown would Reading Lessons. The far-mer sows his wheat and- rye in the fall, and the seed re-mains in the ground du-ring the win-ter, while the snow is found to Tbe ver-y use-ful to shield it from the frost. In the spring it looks green and live-ly, and in har-vest when it is ripe, it is of a yel-low or straw co-lor. The reap-er then cuts it with his sic-kle, and it is bound up in bun-dies, which we call sheaves ; then it has to be drawn from the field to the barn, to keep it dry ; for it would spoil if it should be left on the damp ground. When the grain is all safe-ly in the barn, the far-mers have a ver-y joy-ful time, and call it har-vest home. They then spread the sheaves on the floor of the barn, and take a flail, and beat out the grain from the straw. The grain is ta-ken to mill, and is there ground in-to meal or flour. The ba-ker jnakes bread of the flour ; and when we eat the bread, we should al-ways feel thank-ful to that great and good Be-ing who made us ; for he a-lone can cause the grain to grow, and can feed and keep us to the last day of our life. 32 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING BOOK. MORE DIFFICULT MONOSYLLABLES. ray spray stray they whey blade shade crape grape shape slate state great fare bear pear tear wear swear square east beast feast least yeast trice thrice twice slice splice storm warm swarm morse horse bite fight light might night right sight tight rich ditch which switch stitch pitch hinge fringe good could would should how howl fowl growl fall small brawl crawl walk talk stalk light blight right bright fright white write well dwell swell spell shell hence pence furl curl girl bird third run done come some first thirst dirt shirt burn spurn churn birth mirth worth earth Reading Lessons. An-na has just been ma-king a shirt for her un-cle; it was done ver-y neat-ly, and this is the third that she has made for him ; is she not a ver-y use-ful lit-tle girl? Slate is a sub-stance which is dug out of the earth ; it is some-times u-sed to cov-er the tops of hou-ses, and it is so soft that it can be cut in-to small squares, which are much u-sed by chil-dren at school to write up-on. A horse is a ver-y use-ful beast; he will car-ry us on his back and draw us in a wag-on, and do ma-ny oth-er things for us ; and we in re-turn must be ver-y care-ful not to abuse him, but to take care of him, and pro-vide for him when he is too old and fee-ble to work. Yeast is the scum that ri-ses on beer af-ter it has be-gun to fer-ment; it is used to put in bread, to make it light. Old Tray is ver-y trus-ty, and takes a great deal of care to guard our house. He will lie all night out-side of the door, and if a-ny one should try to get in-to the house, he will bark and growl to give us notice of our dan-ger. PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 33 EASY WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES Of jive or more letters, accented on the first ; long vowel sounds. blame less brave ly brace let ca dence chair man fra grance frame work grace ful grave ly grate ful grape vine grave stone hail stone paste board race horse shame ful shape less states man stran ger state ly state ment trades man va grant whale bone breed ing cheer ful clear ness dream er feast ing fleet ness free stone glean er green ness greet ing plead er sweet en teach er treat ment blind fold blind ness bride groom child hood fire brand grind stone ice plant mile stone si lence spike nard ti dings vi brate wine press board er boast er close ness gold smith hoar frost load stone Reading Lessons. The Bi-ble is the best book in the world; it tells us how we must live here, that we may be hap-py in the life to come. We should of-ten read it a-lone and in si-lence, and try to feel grate-ful to our Ma-ker for such a rich bless-ing. Su-gar is use-ful to sweet-en our tea and cof-fee; we ob-tain it from the su-gar-cane, and some pre-pare it from the beet. Child-hood is the most hap-py sea-son of our life ; but it pass-es with fleet-ness a-way, and we enter upon the du-ties and tri-als of more ma-ture age. Blind-ness is a sad thing, and all kind . lit-tle boys or girls will pit-y those who are blind, and nev-er mock or de-ride them ; for that would be shame-ful treat-ment. If Hen-ry is go-ing to stay at home, I wish he would make me a lit-tle paste-board box to hold my pens ; for I must not scat-ter them o-ver my desk. 34 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. ab stract ad verse back wards black smith blank et branch es grand child grass plot frank ness hand spike lamp black land scape sand stone scant ling scram ble stand ing thank ful trans port egg plant fresh ness Short vowel sounds. mem brane sen tence splen did splen dor trench er brim stone chick en dis tance in come ink stand in stance in stinct mill stone min strel mis tress pit tance scrib ble scrip ture six pence spring tide splin ter sprin kle still ness strip ling trink et com merce con stant con trite con tract doc trine lock smith non sense off spring stock ing blunt ness frus trate hunts man pur chase struc ture sub stance Reading Lessons. My sis-ter made me a pres-ent of a ver-y pret-ty ink-stand to take with me when I trav-el. Af-ter a sum-mer show-er how pleas-ant it is to en-joy the splen-dor of the rain-bow, the fresh-ness of the land- scape, the fra-grance of the flow-ers, and the cheer-ful mu-sic of the birds a-mongst the branch- es. Let us be grate-ful to Him who made, up-holds, and gov-erns all. A lit-tle girl should nev-er go with a hole in her stock- ing ; if she can-not mend it, she must ask her moth-er, , or her ol-der sis-ter to do it for her. The egg-plant has its name from its shape, which is like that of an egg; it will grow best in a san-dy soil. When the skin is ta-ken off, we may fry it in but-ter, and it is a ver-y nice rel-ish for tea. Rob-ert gave me six-pence this morn-ing, and I gave it to a poor old beg-gar I met on the road, who said he had not had a-ny thing to eat since the day be-fore. Em-ma has lost the key of her trunk, and she can-not get her frock out. PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 35 ab stain block ade com plain con straint de clare de grade de range dis claim dis grace dis place em brace en grave en slave en snare ex change ex plain mis place re straint trans late un chaste Accented on the second. — Long a sleep be neath be tween com plete dis creet ex treme in crease re lease re treat un clean be sides con spire con trive de light de prive en twine i in quire per spire re cline sur prise vowel sounds. a float a shore de plore dis close di vorce en force en gross ex plode im plore re store trans pose trans port un close ab struse con elude ob scure ob trude pre elude trans fuse trans mute Reading Lessons. We con-elude that the moon is not so large as the earth, from the fact, that when the earth comes be-tween it and the sun, the sha-dow of the earth cov-ers the en-tire sur-face of the moon. My les-son is ver-y ab-struse ; may I ask Al-fred to ex- plain it to me ? for I do not want to get in-to dis-grace, and of-fend my teach-er. In the po-lar sea. the cold, is ex-treme, and the ice so corn-pact as to ren-der it ver-y hard for a ves-sel to ex-plore those re-gions. A ship of-ten be-comes fast be-tween two fields of ice, so that the crew can-not re-lease her, and they per-ish with cold and hun-ger. As I went by the riv-er one day, I saw a man skate so as to cut his name on the ice. He went on ver-y well for a time ; but at last he got up-on a part where the ice was too thin to sup-port him ; it gave way un-der him, he fell in, and we all be-gan to fear he would drown; but our sur-prise and de-light were great to see him ap-pear a-gain, and scram-ble a-shore. 36 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. Accented on the second. — Short vowel sounds. ad vance de fence ab scond con tract dis tress ab solve des patch ex pense de volve en chant ex press en dorse en hance im mense in volve ex panse pre tence re morse fi nance re fleet re solve i in graft re fresh re sponse per haps re spect trans form pro tract re venge ac curse re lapse sus pense con struct ro mance trans gress con vulse sub tract afflict dis burse sup plant a midst dis trust trans plant con vince di vulge ad dress dis tinct ex punge ag gress im print « in dulge at tempt in fringe in struct com mence re strict re pulse com press trans mit un furl con dense un hinge un strung Reading Lesson ?. Do not swing on the gate, for it may un-hinge it; and then it will re-quire both time and ex-pense to re-pair it. A wise man has said, that if we re- fleet twice be-fore we speak once, we w r ill speak twice the bet-ter for it. It is too cold, for my rose-tree to re-main in the bed ; I will trans-plant it in-to a pot, and put it in a cor-ner of the win-dow, where it will have free ac-cess to the sun and air. How lit-tle ma-ny of us, who en-joy the com-forts of a warm and hap-py home, think up- on the dis-tress which the poor have to suf-fer, du-ring a . se-vere win-ter ! May I ask my s.is-1 ter to en-dorse this let-ter for me ? for I can-not do it nice-ly. It is our du-ty to pay re-spect to oui • pa-rents ; and nev-er trans-gress their com-mands, or dis-tress them in any way. The Bi-ble says, < ' Chil-dren, o-bey your pa-rents in the Lord, for this is right." PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 37 WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES, Rather more difficult than the preceding, arranged according to the vowel sounds of the accented syllables ; accented on the first. {Fate) air pump diair man cnam ber dain ty day book faint ly great ness pain ful pay ment pray er rai ment vain ly bar ley car pet char coal dark ness (Far) far mer gar den gar ment har vest parch ment par lor scar let shar pen spar kle star light tar nish (fall) al most al ways bal sam cor ner dor mant (Fall) horse man law ful mor sel saw yer wal nut war ble wa ter (M ab sence ac tive ad verb bal ance bram ble cab bage chap ter fam ine frag ment Reading Lessons. The saw-yer has not had a mor-sel to-day; there are pbn-ty of frag-ments that we left from din-ner ; take them to him with a mug of wa-ter, for we, who have an am-ple sup-ply of all that is good, should not for-get the poor. A fam-ine is a ver-y sad and pain-ful thing, and of-ten hap-pens when a-ny dam-age is done to the grain, so that the har-vest does not yield the need-ful sup-ply. Per-sons of-ten suf-fer ver-y much for want of food, and some e-ven die with hun-ger. I saw an ac-tive lit-tle fel-low to-day try to as-cend to the top of a large wal-nut tree, to get some fine wal-nuts that grew on it ; but af-ter he had gone a lit-tle way up, I saw his foot slip, and he fell and broke his leg. I heard his pa-rents for-bid him to do it; and it is al-most al-ways the case, that when lit-tle boys and girls do not mind what is said to them, they have to suf-fer for it in some way. D ==m 38 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. (me) bea ver bee hive dear ly neat ness nee die peace ful preach er steel yard weak ness wea ry year ly (met) blem ish dread ful dwel ling el bow friend ly health y heav en help less (met) mes sage pleas ant res pite sec ond shep herd splen dor stead y twen ty wed ding wel come ( pine) blind ness bright ly child ish fire wood light ning might y spright ly tire some twi light (pin) bish op build er build ing chim ney chis el cis tern fig ure fin ish in sect kitch en -mid night milk maid mis tress pil grim pil low quick ly rich es sick ness skil ful vil lage Reading Lessons. The moon will not rise till near mid-night ; but the plan- ets are shi-ning with a mild and stead-y light, and the stars spar-kle in the sky with all their splen-dor. I like ver-y much to look at a num-ber of skil-ful lit-tle bees, build-ing their ceils with so much neat-ness in the bee-hive ; they nev-er seem to get wea-ry, but to work all day with-out res-pite un-til they fin-ish them. These lit-tle in-sects are ver-y friend-ly to each oth-er ; but if a stran-ger should at-tempt to en-ter their dwel-ling to pil-fer a part of their rich-es, they would quick-ly u-nite to ex-pel him from the hive. I went in-to a room one day, and saw two lit-tle boys sit-ting at their les-sons ; one sat in an e-rect and grace- ful man-ner, the oth-er had his el-bow on the ta-ble, and his feet on the round of the chair. He said he was wea-ry, and that it was ver-y tire-some to have to sit up so long ; but I told him, that an e-rect pos-ture was the most health-ful, and hab-it would soon ren-der it the most pleas-ant. PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 39 (no) (not) (oi) boat man bios som boil er cloth ing coarse ly bon dage choice ly bot torn joy ful grow ing clos et loi ter hoa ry com mon moist en know ing cot (age noi sy moul der cot ton oint ment no tice for est point er oat meal mod ern poi son poul try pros pect voy age pro noun stock ing (ovi) wo ven (nor) bow er (move) bor row cow ard bloom ing for ward cow slip cool ness lord ship down ward fool ish morn ing down y fruit ful or chard drow sy moon light or phan flow er move ment scorn ful out ward poor ly tor pid pow der rude ness vor tex show er Reading Lessons. When a lit-tle boy is sent with a mes-sage, he should not loi-ter by the way, or stop to no-tice all the new ob- jects that he meets with; but he should has-ten for- ward with as much speed as he can. The mole and bat re-main tor-pid du-ring the win-ter, and thus they do not feel the ef-fects of ex-treme cold. When spring re-turns theyre-vive, to en-joy once more the plea-sure of liv-ing. Cot-ton is a dow-ny sub-stance, which is found in the pods of a plant grow-ing on-ly in warm cli-mates ; it is spun, and wo -ven in-to a kind of cloth, which bears the name of mus -lin. Let us go to the cot-tage near the for-est to see old Sa-rah, and take her a lit-tle oat-meal ; for, though she is old and fee-ble, we should not des-pise her, know- ing that a hoa-ry head is a crown of glo-ry, if it be found in the way of truth. 40 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. (tub) (tub) (tube) buck et mer chant beau ty bun die mon ey du ranee but ton mut ton fu tile cir cle nour ish neu ter elum sy nurs ling new ly com fort per feet pew ter coun try per son plu mage crum ble pub lish - stew ard cun ning pun ish u sage cur tain scuf fle (bull) ear ly ser mon bul lock fer tile ser pent bush el fer vent shov el cue koo - firm ly snuf fers foot man fur nish strug gle foot stool her mil stub-born good ness hun dred sub stance pud ding jus tice sul phur pul ley ker nel sun rise wood en learn ing sur face wool len love ly- won der wors ted Reading Lessons. Some per-sons are vain of their »ood looks, but this is ver-y fool-ish ; for beau-ty, like a flow-er, will soon fade; anc sen-tie and mod-est con-duct will ren-der us much more love-ly. Wors-ted is a sort of wool-len cloth, which,, as it is ver-y warm, is much u-sed for cloth- ing, and adds a great deal to our com-fort in win-ter. Some per-sons like to live in the coun-try all the year round; but I should pre-fer to stay in the coun-try in sum-mer, and en-joy the com-forts of the city in win-ter. If we take a wal-nut and look at it, we shall find that it con-sists of two parts : the shell, which is the hard sub- stance on the out-side, and the ker-nel, which is good for food. When we are in the coun-try, it is ver-y pleas-ant to rise ear-ly and take a walk ; for all things a-round us then look so fresh and love-ly, and na-ture ap-pears in all her beau- ty. '■: PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. . 41 Accented on the second. (fate) (me) (met) at tain ap pear ac cess a way ad here be head be tray- be lief con fess be wail con ceal con tempt cas cade de cease de scend con tain de ceit ef feet de fray de cree ex press dis play de feat in stead es cape dis please my self for bear en dear neg lect or dain en treat of fence re main es teem our selves re pair ex ceed re quest un chain in deed sue cess (for) per ceive un less a larm pre cede (pine) dis card pro ceed ac quire dis charge re peat af fright em bark se vere re side re gard sin cere trans pire Reading Lessons. If we try strict-ly to dis-charge all our du-ties, and are sin-cere in our ef-forts to do what is right, we will gain the love and es-teem of the good and the wise. When we have a. hard les-son to learn, we must not neg- lect it, or put it off till some other time ; but we must ap-ply our-selves to it at once ; for un-less we do, we can-not ex-pect suc-cess. A cas-cade is a fa]J of water from some high place on to the rocks be-low. It has of-ten a ver-y pret-ty ef-fect, and adds much to the beau-ty of a pros-pect. When we have done wrong, we are ver-y apt to try to con-ceal it, that we may es-cape cen-sure ; but it would be much bet-ter to con-fess our faults, and try not to re-peat them ; for de-ceit is in it-self a ver-y great of-fence, and if we ac-quire bad hab-its when we are young, they will be like-ly to re-main with us, and to in-crease as we ad-vance in life. D2 42 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. (note) be low be moan be stow de pose dis course dis own en croach re course re proach un load (move) ap prove balloon dis prove fes toon har poon here to im prove mis rule re move un true (not) a dopt a long be yond be gone be long (nor) a broad a cross ap plaud a ward de fraud ex tort re call re sort re ward un bought un taught (tub) a bove ad judge affront (tub) a mong a mongst as perse as sert be come in vert ob serve pre serve re verse un done un heard un learn (tube) a muse con fuse im mure in fuse pe ruse pro cure re new re sume Reading Lessons. A balloon is a globe made of silk, so tight as not to ^ad-mit any air. A sort of bas-ket is fix-ed be-low it by means of cords, and the bal-loon is then flll-ed with ver-y light air, which caus-es it to as-cend. A man can sit in the bas-ket or car, and be borne a-long in the air with ver-y great speed ; much fast-er than if he were in a ship, but it is not near so safe; for ma-ny things may be-fal him which might in-jure him ver-y much. A har-poon is a kind of spear used by fish-ers to at-tack whales, and oth-er large fish ; it has a broad flat head, which is made in such a man-ner that when once it has been thrown in-to the flesh, it is ver-y hard to re-move it ; and it re-mains there till the fish ex-pires from weak-ness and loss of blood. If it be a whale that is ta-ken, the sea-men then pro-ceed to col-lect the fat; which, af-ter be-ing melt-ed and made pure, is used for burn-ing in lamps. It af-fords a strong and clear light, and pass-es un-der the name of lamp oil. PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 43 Words of two syllables in which ti, like sh : accented on gra cious fac tion na tion fac tious pa tient frac tion spa cious frac tious sta tion man sion gre cian pac tion lo tion sane tion mo tion mar tial no tion par tial por tion men tion po tion pen sion quo tient sen tient so cial ten sion ac tion pre cious cap tion sec tion cap tious mer sion In which the vowel i, is sounded al ien fil ial coll ier mill ion court ier on ion si, and ci, are sounded the first. ter tian ver sion die tion fie tion fie tious fric tion vi cious vi sion op tion func tion June tion nup tial sue tion unc tion auc tion cau tion like the consonant y. pill ion scull ion triv ial Reading Lessons. In ev-ery sta-tion of life we have so-cial du-ties to per-form ; and. we should be ver-y cau-tious not to neg-lect them, or we shall give pain and trou-ble to those a-round us. A coll-ier is one who works in the coal mines un-der ground: it must be ver-y dis-mal to be shut up in such a dark and drea-ry place, far from the light of day, and all the pleas-ures of a cheer-ful home. We should not for-get that por-tion of our fel-low crea-tures who spend their lives in pa-tientla-bor for us, while we can en-joy the com-forts of our spa-cious man-sions. Ma-ny of these poor men are not taught to read their Bi-ble, or to at-tend a-ny place of worship : and such are ver-y apt to neg-lect their chil-dren, and to suf-fer them to grow up in vi-cious hab-its. How thank-ful ought we to be for the gra-cious deal-ings of our Ma- ker, in giv-ing us kind pa-rents and teach-ers who try to bring us up in the way we should go, and to pre- serve us from the e-vils that are in the world ! 44 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. MISCELLANEOUS READING LESSONS. S.H EEP. Sheep are useful to us in many ways. In the spring the wool of the sheep is cut off, and, when it has been spun, it is woven into flannel, or cloth, or blankets. The wool serves to keep the sheep warm in the cold winter, and when there is snow on the ground ; but, when summer comes they can do very well without it ; besides, it then falls off their backs, if it is not cut off. And little boys and girls' hair must be cut off, when it grows too long. But their hair is not half so useful when it is cut off as the sheep's wool is, for we can not make flannel, or cloth, or blankets of it. When the sheep become fat, the farmer sells them to the butcher, who kills them and brings the meat to mar- ket: it is called mutton, and is very good and wholesome food. After cutting off the wool, the skin is made into leather for the covers of books, or into parchment to write on. Parchment is much stronger than paper : it will not wear out so soon. the cow. Come, children, listen to me now, And you shall hear about the cow , You'll find her useful, 'live or dead, Whether she's black, or white, or red. When milk-maids milk her morn and night, She gives them milk, both fresh and white ; And this, we little children think, Is very good for us to drink. The curdled milk they press and squeeze And thus they make it into cheese ; The cream skimmed off they shake in churns, Which very soon to butter turns. And when she's dead, her flesh is good; For beef is very wholesome food : And though in health it makes us strong, To eat too much is very wrong. PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 45 Then lime and bark the tanner takes, And of the skin he leather makes ; And this we know they mostly use, To make nice soles for boots and shoes. Her hoofs with care make glue, so good, For joiners to cement their wood : Her fat, with cotton used aright, Makes candles, which we burn at night. Her feet we wash, and scrape and boil, From which we skim off neats-foot oil : And, last of all, when cut with care, Her horns make combs, to comb our hair. Thus you have heard, dear children, now, All this about the pretty cow ; Then treat her well, and bear in mind, God made the cow, and all mankind. SPRING MORNING Do you hear the birds singing when you are at home ? Yes, very often. They sing in the spring, and build their nests, and feed their young ones, and seem to be very happy. I like to look at them, and hear them sing : spring is a pleasant time. But look at those poor little birds shut up in a cage. Poor little things ! I do not like to see them ; they are in a prison ; I pity them. It is something like shutting up a little boy in a room, and never letting him go out. Little boys and girls like to run about ; and little birds like to fly about. Pray don't shut them up any more. THE GOLDEN RULE. Be you to others kind and true, As you'd have others be to you ; And neither do, nor say to men, A thing you would not take again. 46 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. HEN AND CHICKENS. I like to see a brood of chickens running after the hen. See how they run about ! they are just hatched. The hen scratches for them, and takes care of them. When she calls them, they run after her. And a good mother loves her children, and takes care of them. When she calls them they ought to go to her, and do as she bids them. When children are good, and do what is right, they feel happy. The little boy loves his mother, now he is a little boy, and sits upon her lap : but if he lives to be a man, will he love her then ? Oh yes ! I hope he will : I hope he will not forget that he was once a little boy, and that his mother loved him and took care of him, and did a great deal for him, when he could do nothing for himself. WINTER. " Mother, how can the flowers grow ?" Said little Ann one day : " The garden is all over snow ; When will it go away ]" " The sun, my love, will melt the snow, And thaw the frozen ground ; And many a wintry wind will blow Before the flowers are found. In a few months, my Ann will view, The garden now so white, With yellow cowslips, vi'lets blue, And daisies all so bright. The birds wijl then, from every tree, Pour forth their song of praise; Their little hearts will cheerful be, And sweet will sound their lays. PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 47 For God, who reigns in earth and sky, Made them as well as you ; He gave them little wings to fly, He made their music too. He gave my little girl her voice To join in prayer and praise; And may it be her pleasant choice, To learn her Maker's ways." ON BIRDS. Dear little birds, how swift you fly, And move your downy wings ! Soaring above my head so high, Until you seem up in the sky, Such very tiny things ! I love to take a shady seat Beneath some spreading trees, While perch'd among the leaves you meet Andjoin your warbling throats so sweet; Your songs seem meant to please. Who taught you to spread out the wing, And flutter in the air 1 Who taught you, pretty birds, to sing? He, surely, who made every thing So lovely, and so fair. THE WALK. Come let us walk into the fields; the sun is set, and the air is now cool and pleasant. Look at the pretty flowers ; some of them have their leaves folded up for the night. In the morning they will open again. The little chickens are gone to rest ;• they sleep under their mother's wings. The little birds have done singing ; they sleep upon the branches. We must also go to rest. But who will take care of us when we are asleep 1 48 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. Our Father in Heaven will take care of us. He watches over us by night as well as by day. He never sleeps, but takes care of us all. He sees what we do ; he hears what we say ; and he knows what we think. We cannot hide any thing from him. Let us often think of him ; both when we are alone, and when we are with our friends. Let us think of his goodness towards us, and let us pray that he would teach us how to be good. Good children will love their Maker, and they will love Jesus Christ, his son, who came into the world to live and die for our sakes : to redeem us from all sin, and to teach us how to be good. He made many sick men well; he made the blind to see, and the lame to walk; and raised some that were dead to life again. It is his good Spirit that reproves you when you are naughty ; and makes you feel happy when you obey its teachings in your own hearts. THE BAD BOY. There was once a little boy at school, who made his teacher believe that his mother was sick, and wanted him at home ; so his teacher let him go ; but some person saw that he did not go home, but went to some rude boys in the street that he was fond of playing with, and spent the time with them, instead of learning his lessons at school. Now what do you think of this little boy ? I think he was a very bad boy, for he tried to deceive his teacher. Good children always tell the truth. When this little boy lay down upon his bed at night, do you think he felt happy ? Oh no ! I think he must know that he had acted very badly. Good children may lie down in peace, and feel happy, for the Lord loveth those who are good. But bad children do not feel happy, for they know that " God is angry with the wicked every day." PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 49 THE EARTH AND THINGS UPON IT. Can you tell me who made the earth we tread upon, and the trees that grow out of the earth, and the birds and the beasts that live upon the earth, and the men, and the women, and the children, that live in all the world ? Yes, I have often been told that it is God who made all of them. Then they are all alike in that one thing ; the same good hand made them : but in other things they are not alike. Now tell me first, in what does a tree differ from a stone ? The tree grows, but the stone does not grow. Very well. Now tell me, how a tree differs from a cow, or a bird, or a fish 1 Oh, the birds, and beasts, and fishes, and insects, can feel and eat, and they can all move about when they like ; but the tree is always growing in the same place, and does not feel nor eat. Yes; that is right. Now can you tell me how the birds, and beasts, and fishes, differ from men ? Oh ! a man is not at all like a cow, or a horse, or a bird, or a fish. Men build houses to live in. Yes, men build houses to live in, and so does the beaver, from whose skin we obtain fur to make our fine hats. How then does a man differ from a beaver ? Men can talk to each other, and teach each other what they have learned, and write ' what they know in books that others may learn it, and they can read what other men have written. And when they are cold they can make a fire to warm themselves. Beavers cannot do any of these things. Well, then you see that men have something which teaches them to do all these things that beasts and birds cannot do, and this is sometimes called mind, and some- times we call it reason. TREES. Here is a large oak tree, let us sit down under its shade, and enjoy the cool air. Do you know what oak trees grow from ? •No E ~ 50 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. Oak trees grow from acorns. Large trees grow from little acorns 1 How strange it is ! Trees are so very useful that I do not know what we should do without them ; when they are cut down, they are called wood ; and wood is useful for many things. Ships, and chairs, and tables, and many other things, are made of wood. We make fires of it to keep us warm, and to cook our food. There are many kinds of trees. Some of them grow to be very large, and some are small ; some grow quickly, and others grow very slowly ; some bear fruit for us to eat, and others bear none : but they are all useful for some purpose. THE BOY OF DUNDEE. A poor woman, who lived at Dundee, in Scotland, used to spin and work very hard, that she might keep herself and her little son. She could not read, but she wished that her son should learn, and she sent him to school ; and, as he took pains, he soon learned to read very well. When he was about twelve years old, his mother had a shock of the palsy, and lost the use of her limbs, so that she had to lie in bed all day long ; and she was not able to spin nor work any more. As she had not been able to save any money, she could not hire any body to clean her house for her, and to do other work for her, and she was very much at a loss to know what to do. A poor woman, who lived near her, used sometimes to call in and do little things for her, but her son was her great comfort. He said to himself, I will not let my poor mother die for want ; I will work for her, and support her. God, I hope, will bless me and prosper my work. He went to a place in the town where they spun and wove cotton, and got some work. He worked very hard each day, harder than if he had been working for himself, and at night he took home his wages to his poor mother for her to purchase food and other things with. Before he went to his work in the morning, he cleaned the room for his mother, and got their breakfast ready, and did what he could, that she might not suffer for any thing while he was away at his work. PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 51 This good boy took a great deal of pains to teach his mother to read, so that she could amuse herself, and em- ploy her time when he was not with her ; and when she had learned, she was very much pleased. Now, said she, I am very happy. I am not able indeed to get out of my bed, and cannot work, but I can read the Bible, and that is a great comfort to me. I have one of the best and kindest of sons. Do you not think this was a very good little boy, and that it must have made him very happy to be able to be so useful to his mother ? THE GOOD BOY'S GIFT. There was a good little boy who lived in the country, and whose father had given him a garden. He had a spade, a rake, and a hoe, to work with ; and he was very fond of working in his garden. One summer, he had in this garden a great many pretty flowers. He had also some peas, and some currant bushes. When his peas were large enough to be picked, and his currants were quite ripe, he said to his sister, who was older than himself, " I will get a basket, and pick some of my peas and my currants, and I will carry them to the poor lame man, who lives in the cottage on the common. He is so lame, and so ill now, that he cannot go to* work as he used to do, and he will be glad to have something nice to eat." So the little boy got his basket, and went to work to fill it with his peas and his currants ; and when he had picked them, he took them to the poor old man, at his cottage, and put them on the table, and laid some money on the table by them : it was all the money he had. The poor old man, when he went in, was sitting by the fireside quite alone ; for his wife had gone out to work, and his children did not live at home with him. When he saw this good little boy come in, and saw him put the peas and the currants, and the money, on the table, he smiled and looked very glad, and thanked him kindly for his gift. 52 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. The little boy then went home, and was very happy, for we always feel happy when we have done a good and kind action. His sister was very much pleased too, to see him so kind to the poor, lame, old man, and loved him dearly for it. And, I dare say, when the old man and his wife eat the peas and the currants, and looked at the money he had given them, they were very thankful for them, and prayed God to bless the good little boy who had been so kind to them* THE SPARROWS. A little boy, having found a nest of young sparrows, about a mile from the house where he lived, took it, and walked home. As he went along, with the nest in his hand, he saw, with some surprise, both the parents of the young birds follow him, at a little distance, and seem to watch whither he was going. He thought that they would feed the little birds, if they could get to them ; so when he reached home, he put the nest and the young birds in a wire cage, and placed the cage on the outside, of a window. The little birds were very hungry, and cried for some- thing to eat. Very soon, both the parents, having small .worms in their bills, came to the cage, and gave one to each of the young birds, and seemed very glad to see them ; then away they flew for more food for them. The old birds fed their young ones, in the same man- ner, many times every day, until their feathers had grown, and they seemed able to fly. Then the little boy took, the strongest of the young birds and put it on the outside of the cage. When the old birds came, as they always used to do, with worms in their bills to feed their young ones, they flew about, and seemed very glad to see that one of the little birds had got out of prison. They wanted him to fly away with them ; but he had never tried to fly, and he was afraid. Then they flew backwards and forwards from the cage to the top of a chimney that was near, as if to show him how easy it was to fly, and that the journey was short. At length, away he flew, and got safely to the top of the chimney. The PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 53 old birds flew about, as they did when they first saw him on the outside of the cage, and seemed to rejoice very much that he was free. The little bird then flew from the chimney to a tree that was near, and the old birds fed him there as they had done while he was in the cage. Next day, the little boy put one of the other young birds on the outside of the cage. The old birds seemed as glad to see him out of prison, as they had been to see the other, and they took as much pains to persuade him to fly. The next day the boy put out the other two young birds, which were all he had, and they flew away as the first two had done, and neither they nor the old birds ever came back to the cage again. Do you not think the little boy must have been much better pleased, when he set the young birds free,, than he would have been, if he had kept them always in prison in the cage, where they could not fly about and enjoy them- selves ? ADVICE TO CHILDREN. Children, love your father and mother. They love you very dearly ; and they have taken care of you ever since you were born. They loved you, and took care of you, even when you were poor little helpless infants, that could not talk nor walk, nor do any thing to help yourselves. Who is so kind to you as your parents are 1 Who takes so much pains to instruct you ? Who provides food for you, and clothes, and warm beds to sleep on at night? Who is so glad when you are pleased, and so sorry when you are troubled 1 When you are sick, and in pain, who kindly waits upon you, and nurses you? How careful ought you to be then, to do just as they wish you to do ! Obey your parents. Attend to all the advice they give you : they know what is proper for you, much better than you do ; and they wish you to be good, and wise, and happy. If your parents are sick, or in trouble, do all you can to comfort them. If they are poor, work hard, that you may be able to assist them. They have done a great deal for you, and it is .now your duty to try to do something for them. E2 54 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. Love your brothers and sisters. Do not tease nor vex them, nor call them names ; and never let your hands be raised to strike them. If they have any thing that you would like to have, do not be angry with them, nor try to take it from them. If you have any thing that you know they would like to have, give them a share of it. Never tell an untruth. When you are telling any thing that you have seen, or heard, try to tell it exactly as it was. Do not alter nor invent any part of it, to make, as you may think, a better story. Persons who love the truth, never tell a lie, even in jest. Never promise to do any thing, unless you feel very certain that you can do it, and will do it. If you say you will do a thing, and then do not do it, persons will not trust you or believe you. Besides, if you promise to do a thing when you do not intend to do it, you tell a lie, and God will punish you for such evil conduct. If you have done a wrong or careless action, do not deny it, even if you fear that your parents, or your teach- ers, will punish you for it If you confess what you have done, and are sorry for it, and try to do so no more, they will very seldom be angry with you, or punish you. They will love you for speaking the truth ; and they will think they may always believe what you say, when they find that you will not tell a \ie, even to hide a fault. Do not waste any thing. If you have more food than you want, do not throw it away, but give it, or ask your parents to give it, to some poor little boys and girls, who have no meat for dinner, and, perhaps, no bread and milk for breakfast and' supper. When your clothes become old,, so that your parents do not wish you to wear them any longer, ask them "to let you give them to some poor chil- dren who have scarcely any clothes to keep them warm. When any person is sick in the house where you live, be very quiet, lest you should disturb them. Do all you can to make them well again. THE GRAPE VINE. A farmer and his wife, who lived in the State of New Jersey, had four children. Their names were Charles, John, Mary, and Anna. These children had a pet lamb that they called Ammon. PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 55 There was a very large grape-vine that ran up an oak tree, in a meadow, about half a miie from the house in which the farmer lived. The vine hung full of grapes, in fine large clusters. When they were ripe, Charles and John asked their mother, to let them go to this vine and get some of the grapes, and to take their little sisters with them. When their mother told them they might go, they were soon ready, and set out in high glee. Ammon, the pet lamb, followed them, and seemed as much pleased as they were themselves. The boys let down the bars for their sisters, and the lamb skipped through after them. When they came under the vine, and saw the large bunches of grapes over their heads, they were all greatly pleased ; and little Anna cried out, " Oh ! I never saw such a sight in all my life ! What a parcel there is ! Oh, I wish mother was here to see them." The grapes were indeed very good. Mary said they were almost as large as robin's eggs, almost as sweet as honey, and that she had never tasted any half so good. Their color was dark purple. The vine ran over the whole tree. Charles and John climbed up among the branches, and the girls held their aprons to catch the fine clusters, as the boys threw them down. They both got their aprons full. The boys then came down to the lowest limb, and-jumped from it to the ground. " Now," said John, " I will tell you what we will do. We will spread all these grapes on the clean grass, and sort them, and pick out the very best bunches, to carry home for father and mother." " Oh yes," said the other children; " that will be right, we will do so." " They will be glad," said Charles, " to see that we think so much about them." " Yes," said Mary, " and another thing : let us agree never to quarrel with each other, or be cross to each other." "If you see me get angry," said Charles, "or act. wrong in any other way, tell me of it, so that I may leave it ofT, and do better; and I will do the same with you; because it is very bad for brothers and sisters to quarrel ; and you know father and mother are always pleased when they see us kind to each other." When they took the grapes home to their mother, Mary 56 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. asked her whether she had ever, in her life, tasted any grapes that were so good. " They are, indeed, very fine, my dear," said her mother. Mary then told her that they had picked out all the best for her, and for her father. " Ah, my dear children," said their mother, " then I shall tell your father of that kind action, when he comes home, and he will like the grapes very much." RICE Rice is a plant much like wheat in shape, color, and the figure of its leaves. The stem is about three feet high. It grows best in low moist ground. The Chinese raise a great deal of rice, as much of their land lies flat and low, and the rivers flow over these low- lands, bringing down a rich mud which serves as a very good manure. When the rice is ripe, it is cut down with a sort of sickle, and tied up in sheaves. Some thresh the grain out with a flail, and others lay the sheaves in a cir- cle on the hard ground, and drive horses or oxen over them to tread out the grain : a husk still remains around it, which is taken off by pounding it in a sort of mortar or grinding it between two flat stones. Half the people of Asia are said to live mostly on rice, and it is almost the only food of man in many other parts of the world. A great deal of it is raised in some of our Southern States ; and the soil is found to be so well suited to its culture, that it will produce a larger grain than that which grows in China, and it is thought by many to be better for cooking. SALT. Salt is one of the most useful things which we possess, and yet many little boys and girls who use it daily cannot tell how we obtain it ; so we will try to inform them, for they ought to inquire and learn as much as they can. Sea-water always contains salt, which people procure from it in this manner : they dig large shallow pits or vats by the sea-shore, into which the water flows at high tide : the heat of the sun then carries off the water in the form PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 57 of vapor, leaving the salt at the bottom of the pits, when they gather it up for use. Springs of salt water are found in the western part of the State of New York, and in some other places, which furnish a large supply of fine salt. Rock salt is also found in mines, and vast plains of it exist in some parts of the world. It is most likely that great masses of salt are in the bottom of the ocean, and that this is the cause of the saltness of the sea-water. Thus we see that the good hand that made us, has kindly given us great stores of this useful substance, without which our food would soon spoil, and the waters of the great ocean would become corrupt, and cause all the fish and other things that live in the sea, to perish. We cannot too much admire the wisdom and the goodness of Him who made the world, and all the wonders it contains : for it is he that gives us life, and health, and every blessing we enjoy. GLASS. Some merchants were* once driven by a storm to take shelter near the mouth of a river, where they had to re- main a number of days. They landed and made a fire near the shore on the sand, for the purpose of cooking their food, and they took the wild plants that grew around, for fuel. When the fire was put out, they found to their surprise a bright substance, such as they had never seen before, lying on the ground where the fire had been made. Some persons who heard of the wonder, came to inquire what it was they had used for fuel; and found it was a kind of sea-weed, called kali, and that by burning this plant mixed with sand, they could produce the substance we now call glass. The people of Sidon, a city near this place, soon began to make it for their own use, and for the supply of others. The glass now made is much purer and finer than it was then ; for other things have since been added to ren- der it clearer, and to give it some brilliant color. Instead of sand, clear flint is often used, which is ground to pow- der and mixed with pearl-ash : this mixture is melted in a 58 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. hot furnace, and then made into tumblers, bottles, window glass, and many other useful things. So we may see how well it is to observe what is passing before us, and to in- quire into the causes of any thing we do not know. For if these merchants had said nothing about the matter, per- haps to this" day no body would have known how to make glass, which is now so useful to us all. GOLD. Gold is not the most useful metal, but it has always been highly prized ; partly because it is scarce, and partly because it does not rust, but it retains its brightness and lasts a long time. It is found in many countries, chiefly in small grains called gold dust, often on the banks of rivers, mingled with the sand ; but sometimes it is found in deep mines, and sometimes in small lumps on or near the surface of the earth. Gold is used for money in most countries. It is also beaten out into very thin sheets called gold leaf, in which state it is used for gilding picture frames, the backs of books, and many other things. SILVER. Silver is a fine metal of a whitish color, which has, for many years, been used for coin or money. It is also much used for watch cases, spoons, and many other things. It may be beaten out into sheets, nearly as thin as gold leaf; and it may be drawn out into wire finer than a human hair. It is more plenty than gold, as well as more useful. It is sometimes found in a native state almost pure; but it is more common to find it mixed with some other substance in a state of ore, which the miners dig out of the earth ; and then they have to refine it before it is fit for use. Gold and silver are called perfect metals because they do not waste by passing through the fire, and because they do not rust like other metals. PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 59 IRON. Iron is the most useful of all the metals, and exists in some shape in almost all countries. It is mostly found in the state of ore ; that is mixed with some other matter, from which we obtain the iron by fusing or melting it. There are three states in which it is made use of — cast iron, forged iron, and steel. ' When the iron is melted from the ore and cast into moulds without any further labor, it is called cast iron, and is used for pots, cannon, grates, stoves, and other things in which the iron will not be bent : for. cast iron, if bent, is very likely to break. Iron is forged by beating it red-hot with heavy hammers, till it becomes so tough that it can be bent without breaking : in this state it is used for bolts, bars, horse-shoes, and other things which we wish to be very strong. Steel is made by heating small bars of iron, in contact with charcoal or some other substance, which makes it finer, harder, and firmer, so that it will bear a fine polish : it is used to make knives, scissors, razors, and all fine edged tools. Iron also supplies us with steam engines, and other useful machines, as well as with nails, hinges, bolts, and many things needful in building our houses, tools to work with, stoves, ploughs, harrows, and many other things used about the house and on the farm, which we could not have if we did not possess this very useful metal. BOOKS. We all derive so much useful knowledge, and so much pleasure from books, that we think you would like to know how they are made. We suppose most of you have been told that paper is made from linen and muslin rags. It would take a long time to describe the whole process of making paper, but we would advise you all to go to a paper mill if there is one near you, and see how they make such a fine white substance out of old rags. Many people burn their rags, or throw them away ; but this is not right, when we can apply them to such a useful purpose. QO PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. The paper is taken to the printing office, where the sheets are printed on both sides : it would not be easy to tell you how this is done, but we think you would all be pleased to visit a printing office, and see how the types are set up, the ink is put on, and the letters are made on the paper. After they are printed, the sheets are dried and pressed smooth, and then sent to the binder. The binder has a number of girls to fold the sheets, and sew them : and men and boys to put on the covers and finish the books. After that they are taken to the book store, where they are ready for sale. Many years ago, before they knew how to make paper, it was common to write on rolls of linen. After that, a sort of smooth bark was used for a long time. Then cot- ton was beaten out into a pulp, and spread out for paper. It has been only a few hundred years since paper was first made from linen and cotton rags. If this method had not been found out, we should not have been able to ob- tain enough paper for making books without great ex- pense ; and even if we had paper, we could not have made books without the art of printing from types, which was not known till about four hundred years ago. Before this they had to write all their books, which made them so scarce and costly that very few could afford to purchase a copy of the Bible. Now it is made so plenty and so cheap, that we may all instruct our children in the useful lessons it contains; and place in their hands many other good books that will teach them their duty to each other, and to Him who made them, and who has given them many blessings, for which they ought to be very thankful. END OF PART I. ! (61) THE ! PROGRESSIVE SPELLING BOOK. EAS PART II • CHAPTER I. SPELLING. Y WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. ACCENTED ON THE FIRST. Ab ro gate clem en cy ex pe dite ab so lute col o nist ex pi ate ab sti nence con fer ence ex tri cate ad a mant con tra ry fac ul ty ad mi ral con ver sant fal li ble af fa ble cor o ner fan ci ful ag gra vate al man ac coun sel lor fa vor ite cow ard ice fel low ship am pli tude cus to dy fer til ize am u let dep re cate fes ti val an ec dote des o late fil a ment ap pe tite des po tism fir ma ment ar ti choke di a mond flat u lent ben e fit dis si pate flex i ble bev er age dis so nant flue tu ate bla ma ble doc u ment fo li age bur den some ) ' du ti ful fra gran cy cal eu late - eb o ny free hold er cal o mel ed i tor friv o lous can di date el e ment fur ni ture ca pa ble em bas sy gal ler y cat a ract em u late gar ri son eel e brate ep i cure ger mi nate chas ti ty es cu lent glu ti nous cin na mon e ven ing gov ern ess clas si cal ex er cise grat i tude 62 EASY WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. gree di ness lit ur gy of fi cer han di craft live li hood op u lent hap pi ness liv er y or a tor har mo nize loy al ty or gan ist her mit age lu era tive os si fy his to ry mag net ism o ver plus hon es ty horse man ship main te nance o ver ture man age ment man i fold pal li ate hur ri cane pal pa ble hus band ry mar gin al par a dise i dol ize mar vel lous par a sol ig no ranee mas cu line par ent age im pie ment ma son ry pas sen ger im po tent med i tate pas tor al in di go me di um pa tri ot in do lence mem o ry pat ron age in dus try men di cant pec to ral in fan cy mer can tile ped an try in ju ry mes sen ger ped es tal in no cence mil i tant ped i gree in sti tute min er al pen du lum in stru ment min is ter pen e trate in ter val mod ern ize pen man ship in ti mate mod es ty pen u ry in tri cate mon i tor per fo rate ir ri gate mon u ment per il ous ir ri tate mul ti tude per ma nent i vo ry mus cu lar pes ti lence joe u lar mu ti late pet u lant ju bi lee mu tu al piety ju ni per nar ra tive pla ca ble ju ve nile nee ta rine po et ry la bor er neg li gence poi son ous las si tude ni ce ty por cu pine lav en der nov el ty por ti co la zi ness nu mer ous pos si ble len i ty nur se ry po ten tate lex i con nu tri ment pow er ful li a ble ob du rate prac ti cal lib er ty ob e lisk pre am ble lig a ture ob so lete pre mi um lit a ny ob sti nate prim i tive EASY WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 63 pri o ry sal a ry tim or ous prob i ty san a tive tit u lar prod i gy sane ti fy trav el ler prov en der san i ty trum pet er pul ver ize sat el lite tur bu lent punc tu al sat is fy tur pen tine pun ish ment sat u rate un du late pur chas er sa vo ry u ni corn pu tre fy scan da lous u ni form quad ru ped scru pu lous u ni verse quar rel some sed i ment u su al quin tu pie ser pen tine ut ter ance ra di ance set tie ment va can cy rad i cal sig na ture val en tine rat i fy sim i lar va ri ance rav en ous sim pie ton ven om ous re al ize si ne cure ven er ate rec og nize sin gu lar ven ti late rec on cile sol i tude ven tri cle rec re ate sol u ble ven ture some rec to ry sor row ful ves ti bule red o lent spec ta cle vet er an ref er ence spec u late vie to ry re gen cy stig ma tize vig or ous reg u lar stim u late vin di cate rem e dy stip u late vin e gar res i dence strat a gem vi o late res i due sub stan tive vi o lence res o lute sub sti tute vi o let ret ro grade sub ter fuge vis it or rev el ry sue cu lent vol u ble rev e nue suf fer ance vo ta ry rev er ence suf fo cate wag on er rid i cule sum ma ry war ri or ri val ry sup pie ment watch ful ness riv u let sup pli cate wea ri ness roy al ty sus te nance wick ed ness ru di ment tan ta lize wid ow er ru in ous tern per ance wil der ness ru mi nate ten e ment work man ship sac ra ment tes ta ment yes ter day sac ri fice the o rem zo di ac J ■ 64 EASY WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. ACCENTED ON THE SECOND. A ban don com mand er en large ment a bate ment com mit tee e nor mous a bol ish con jec ture en tan gle a bor tive con junc ture en vi ron a bridge ment con sid er es tab lish a bun dance con tern plate ex am ine ac cep tance con tent ment ex hib it \ ac com plice con trib ute ex tir pate ac com plish cor ro sive fa nat ie ad he rence cor rup tion fan tas tic ad ja cent de can ter for sa ken ad mon ish de co rous ge ner ic har mon ic ad vance ment de crep id ad van tage de fee tive he ro ic ad ven ture de fen sive ho ri zon af fee tion de fi ance i de al a gree ment de lin quent il lu sion a muse ment de liv er il lus trate an cho vy de mol ish im per feet a part ment de mon strate im por tant a pos tate de par ture in car nate ap pa rent de struc tive in cen tive ap point ment de ter mine in clo sure ap pren tice di min ish in clu sive as sem ble dis as ter in cul cate as ton ish dis cor dant in cum bent a sun der dis cov er in dul gence a tone ment dis fig ure in he rent at tain ment dis qui et in hab it : at ten tive dis sem ble in qui ry au then tic dis trib ute in sip id bal sam ic di vorce ment in ter pret bap tis mal do mes tic in tes tate be gin ner dra mat ic lum ba go be lov ed e clip tic mag net ic be wil der e las tie ma jes tic bis sex tile e lope ment mis for tune clan des tine em broi der mis no mer co he rent en am el mis ta ken col lee tion en coun ter mo men tous EASY WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 65 mo sa ic noc tur nal no vem ber oc ca sion oc cur rence oc to ber of fen sive op po ser out land ish ab sen tee af ter noon am bus cade an te cede ap per tain ap pre hend bar ri cade ber ga mot can non ade car a van cav al cade cir cum scribe cir cum vent co ex ist co in cide com pre hend con de scend con tra diet con tra vene cor res pond coun ter act coun ter mand de com pose dev o tee dis a gree dis ap pear dis ap point dis ap prove dis ar range dis a vow dis be lieve par ta ker per form er per fu mer por ten tous re gard less re lin quish re main der re mem ber re plen ish ACCENTED ON THE dis con cert dis con tent dis em bark dis em broil dis en gage dis es teem dis o bey dis o blige dom i neer en gi neer en ter tain ev er more gaz et teer gas co nade im ma ture im por tune in com mode in com pact in com plete in cor rect in dis creet in dis pose in se cure in ter cede in ter cept in ter line in ter mit in ter rupt in tro duce leg a tee lem on ade re sem ble sar cas tic se ere tion sep tern ber spe cif ic tri bu nal un rav el vin die tive vol ca no THIRD. mac a roon man u mit mar ma lade mis ap ply mis be have mu ti neer op por tune o ver seer o ver take pal i sade pan ta loon pat en tee per se vere pi o neer pre con ceit pre ma ture pri va teer re as sume re im burse re in state rep ar tee sub di vide su per fine su per scribe su per sede su per vene un der mine un der stand un fore seen vi olin vol un teer F2 1 66 EASY WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. EASY WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. ACCENTED ON THE FIRST. ac cu ra cy ex o ra ble op er a tive ac ri mo hy ex pli ca ble pal at a ble ad mi ra ble fig u ra tive par si mo ny ad ver sa ry flat u len cy pred a to ry an ti mo ny gen er a tive pref er a ble ap pli ca ble her it a ble prom is so ry cal cu la tor hos pi ta ble rep er to ry cat er pil lar ig no min y rep u ta ble cem e ter y im i ta ble rev o ca ble cer e mo ny im po ten cy sal u ta ry com fort a ble in ven to ry sem i na ry com men ta ry ju di ca ture spec u la tive com pe ten cy lap i da ry spir it u al cred it a ble lit er a ture stat u a ry cul ti va tor mat ri mo ny sub lu na ry des pi ca ble mil i ta ry tab er na cle dis so lu ble mis er a ble ten ant a ble dis pu ta ble mul ti pli er tes ti mo ny dor mi to ry nav i ga tor tit u la ry ef fi ca cy nom i na tive va ri e gate em u la tive nu ga to ry ven er a ble ex ere to ry nu mer a tor ven ti la tor ACCENTED ON THE SECOND. a bil i ty cir cum fer ence di min u tive ab ste mi ous co in ci dence dis pas sion ate ac cu mu late con grat u late e bri e ty a gil i ty con so la ble e con o my a me na ble con stit u ent e lab o rate an tip a thy a rith me tic con tarn i nate e lu ci date cor rupt i ble e mol u ment ar tif i cer cu pid i ty en co mi ast as par a gus cu ta ne ous e quiv a lent be nef i cence de bil i tate e rad i cate bo tan i cal de cap i tate e vac u ate can on i cal de lee ta ble ex as per ate ce leb ri ty de lib er ate ex ec u tive cer tif i cate di ag o nal ex per i ment EASY WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 67 ex pos 1 tor fa cil i tate fa tal i ty gram ma ri an gra tu i tous hab it u al her met i cal hi lar i ty • his to ri an hos til i ty hu man i ty i den ti cal i dol a try il lit er ate il lus tra tive im men si ty im preg na ble in fat u ate in ter po late in ves ti ture in vin ci ble i tin er ant le vit i cal mag nif i cent ma jor i ty me thod i cal mi rac u lous mo not o ny mu nif i cence na tiv i ty no bil i ty om nip o tent pe cu li ar pe nul ti mate per pet u al per son i fy per spic u ous pre die a ment pro pri e ty re cep ta cle re cip ro cal .re cog ni zance re^fec to ry re gen er ate re tal i ate re ver ber ate ri die u lous sa lu bri ty se ren i ty so lem ni ty sta bil i ty su per flu ous su prem a cy sus cep ti ble te mer i ty the at ri cal ti mid i ty ur ban i ty va lid i ty vo lu mi nous ACCENTED ON THE THIRD. mem o ran dum ab di ca tion ad van ta geous an no ta tor cem en ta tion cir cum ja cent com men ta tor com pi la tion com pli men tal com pre hen sive com pu ta tion co ri an der cor re spon dence grad u a tion cul ti va tion ig no ra mus dan de li on de fal ca tion dem on stra tion der e lie tion dim i nu tion ed u ca tion ef fi ca cious el o cu tion e Ion ga tion em i gra tion em u la tion ep i dem ic ex cla ma tion ex pli ca tion ex por ta tion ex tir pa tion far i na ceo us fer men ta tion in ad ver tent in co he rent in de pen dence in spi ra tion in ter fe rence man du ca tion math e mat ics mi cro scop ic no men cla ture om ni pres ence or na men tal pal pi ta tion par e gor ic per spi ra tion per ti na cious punc tu a tion rec re a tion res ig na tion rev e la tion sem i co Ion sep a ra tion su do rif ic su per scrip tion u sur pa tion veg e ta tion vir tu o so 68 EASY POLYSYLLABLES. EASY POLYSYLLABLES. ACCENTED ON THE FIRST. ad u la to ry nav i ga ble ness cen su ra ble ness ob li ga to ry cus torn a ri ly rec ti fi a ble ded i ca to ry sed en ta ri ness ex em pla ri ly spec u la tive ly fig u ra tive ly , un du la to ry jus ti fi a ble va ri a ble ness mol li fi a ble war rant a ble ness ACCENTED ON THE SECOND. ac cu mu la tive in com pa ra ble au thor i ta tive in cor ri gi ble com men da to ry in du bi ta ble com mu ni ca tive in ef fi ca cy com pul sa to ry in ex o ra ble con grat u la to ry ir rep a ra ble con tern pd ra ry in vol un ta ri ly cor rob o ra tive le git i ma cy de clam a to ry ob ser va to ry de lib er a tive pe cu ni a ry de rog a to ry pre par a to ry ef fern i na cy re ver ber a to ry ex ec u tor ship sar cas ti cal ly harrao ni ous ly tu mul tu a ry he red i ta ri ly un jus ti fi a ble in cen di a ry vo cab u la ry ACCENTED ON THE THIRD. ac a dem i cal fal li bil i ty an ni ver sa ry gen er os i ty ar ith met i cal ho mo ge ne ous as tro nom i cal hos pi tal i ty ca pa bil i ty im me thod i cal cer e mo ni ous in com mu ni ca ble cred i bil i ty in ere du li ty di a met ri cal ly in de fat i ga ble el e men ta ry in de ter mi na ble e qua nim i ty in di vid u al ly EASY POLYSYLLABLES. 69 in ex pe di errcy rep re sen ta tive in stan ta ne ous sat is fac to ri ly in ter rog a to ry sim i lar i ty ir re cov er a bly sub ter ra ne an ju ve nil i ty su per flu i ty o do rif er ous tan gi bil i ty per pen die u lar u ni for mi ty per pe tu i ty u ni ver si ty re ca pit u late ver sa til i ty rec om men da to ry vol u bil i ty ACCENTED ON THE FOURTH. an ni hi la tion in fe ri or i ty ap pli ca bil i ty in flex i bil i ty co ag u la tion in oc u la tion com mu ta bil i ty ir rec on ci la ble con cat e na tion man i fes ta tion con ver ti bil i ty med i ter ra ne an de lin e a tion me te o rol o gy de ter mi na tion no ti fi ca tion di ju di ca tion ob lit er a tion dis crim i na tion os si fi ca tion ec cle si as ti cal pen e tra bil i ty e nu me ra tion pro nun ci a tion e vap o ra tion pu sil Ian im i ty ex tern po ra ne ous ram i fi ca tion ex ter mi na tion re fran gi bil i ty ges tic u la tion re it er a tion il lu mi na tion scar i fi ca tion im pet u os i ty spir it u al i ty in con tro ver ti ble trig o no met ri cal ACCENTED ON THE FIFTH. be at i fi ca tion nat u ral i za tion com men su ra bil i ty per pen die u lar i ty de te ri o ra tion per son i fi ca tion im ma te ri al i ty re ca pit u la tion in com pat i bil i ty rec on cil i a tion in dem ni fi ca tion su per an nu a tion in tel li gi bil i ty val e tu di na ri an lat i tu di na ri an i vol a til i za tion 70 DIFFICULT MONOSYLLABLES. 1 DIFFICULT MONOSYLLABLES. The words placed together have the same vowel-sound as the words in Italics at the beginning of them. (fate) a chest. . . . part of a circle. vn barrel. a helmet. to throw. among the Hindoos. . .one who throws. a beaver. ... .a sort of stag. . . . .the seat of life. . . to cast as a lance. . . . .to push to' sea. Mark, a sign ; a note. marque, . . license of reprisals. Mar'shal, to arrange. mare'schal, a chief commander. mar'tial, . . . warlike. Martin,. . .a kind of swallow, mar'ten, .... a kind of weasel. Like a in all. All, every one. awl, a sharp pointed tool. Al'ter, to change. al'tar, . . .the communion table. Au'gur, a soothsayer. au'ger, a boring" tool. Aught anything ought, should. Ball, any round thing. bawl, to cry out. Call, ... to name, to appeal to. caul, a membrane. Claws, talons. clause, .... part of a sentence. Cord, a small rope. chord, a line in a circle. Gall, bile, bitterness. Gaul, a Frenchman. Hall, a large room. haul, to pull. Law, a rule ; a statute. la ! . . an expression of surprise. Mall,. . ... a wooden hammer. maul, to beat, to bruise. Pall, ... a covering for the dead. Paul, a man's name. Paws, a beast's feet. pause, a stop. Sal'ter, more salt. Psal'ter, a psalm-book. Like e in me. Arrear', what is unpaid. arriere', last body of an army. Be, to exist. bee, a stinging insect. 94 WORDS PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALIKE. Beech, a timber tree. beach, the sea shore. Beer, . . . . malt liquor. bier, . . a carriage for the dead. Beet, an eatable root. beat, to strike. Ce'der, he that resigns. ce'dar, an evergreen tree. Deer, a swift animal. dear, beloved ; expensive. Discreet', prudent. discrete', distinct. Feet, parts of the body. feat, .... an exploit, an action. Flee, to run away. flea, a biting insect. Freeze, to congeal. frieze, . . . coarse woollen cloth. Greece, a country of Europe. grease, soft fat. Greaves, leg armor. grieves, laments. Heel, hind part of a foot. heal, to cure. he'll, hewilL Hear, to hearken. here, in this place. Key, . . .instrument for a lock, quay, landing place from ships. Lea a meadow. lee, opposite to the wind. Leeds, ... a town in Yorkshire. leads, . . . . conducts. Leaf, part of a plant. lief, willingly. Leek, a sort of onion. leak, to run out. Lees, dregs. lease, . „ to glean. Leave, permission. lieve, willingly. Meed, reward, [honey. mead, .... a liquor made from Mede, a native of Media. Mean, paltry, low. mien, . . air, deportment, aspect. Meet, to encounter. meat, animal food. mete, to measure. Me'ter, .... one who measures. me'tre, measure, verse. Need, want, necessity. knead, to work dough. Neal, to temper by heat. kneel, ... .to rest on the knees. Peace, quiet, tranquillity. piece, . . a part. Peak, a point, the top. pique, a grudge. Peel, a rind, or skin. peal, a loud sound. Peer, a nobleman. pier, . . support of a bridge, &c Pe'ter, a man's name. pe'tre saltpetre, nitre. Pleas, excuses. please, . . to gratify, to delight. Reach, to arrive at. [stomach. retch, to force from the Reed, a tall sort of grass. read, to peruse. Reek, steam, vapor. wreak, to exercise vengeance. See, to view, to behold. sea, the ocean. Seal, an impression. ceil, to make a ceiling. Seed, offspring, race. cede, ... .to give up, to resign. Seem, to appear. seam, a joint. Seen, viewed, beheld. seine, a fishing net. scene, a sight, a view. Seer, a prophet. sear, .to burn, to wither. Sees, views, beholds. seize, , . to lay hold of. WORDS PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALIKE. 95 Se'nior, the elder. seign'ior, the Turkish emperor. Shagreen', a sort of fish skin. chagrin', vexation. Sheer, , . pure, unmixed. shear, . to clip, to reap. Sleeve, . . covering of the arm. sleave, ........ untwisted silk. Steal, to thieve, to pilfer. steel, » refined iron. Sweet, . . pleasing to the senses. suite, succession, retinue. Tear, .... water from the eye. tier, a rank, a row. Teas, leaves of a Chinese plant. tease, to torment. Teem, to abound. team, a set of horses. Trea'tise, , . a discourse. trea'ties, . contracts. We, you and I. wee, little. Week, seven days. weak, feeble, infirm. Ween, to think. wean, to withdraw from. Like e in met. Assent', agreement. ascent' a going up. Bell, a hollow, sounding body. belle, a gay young lady. Ber'ry, a small fruit. bury,. . . .to put under ground. Bet'ter, superior. bet'tor,. .one who lays wagers. Bred, brought up. bread, . . food made from corn. Brest, a French sea-port. breast, a part of the body. Conses'sion, a sitting together, conces'sion, a yielding, a grant. Inten'tion, .... design, purpose, inten'sion, the act of straining. Jes'sy, a woman's name. Jes'se, a man's name. Led, conducted. lead, a soft, heavy metal. Les'sen, to make less. les'son, a task, a lecture. Let'tice, .... a woman's name. let'tuce, a salad herb. Lev'y, .... to raise money, &c. lev'ee, .... attendance at court. Met'al, iron, silver, &c. met'tle, spirit, courage. Pen'dant, a small flag, or en- sign used in ships, pen'dent, hanging, suspended. Rest, repose, ease. wrest, to force, to strain. Sell, to dispose of. cell,. . . .a small cavity; a hut. Sel'ler, one who sells. cel'lar, . . a place under ground. Sense, .... feeling, perception. cense, a public tax. Sent, conveyed. cent, a hundred. scent, an odor, a smell. Ses'sion, a sitting. ces'sion, a yielding, a giving up. Seth, a man's name. saith, says. Weth'er, a sheep. weather,. .... .state of the air. Like i in pine. Bite, ... to seize with the teeth. bight, a coil of a rope. By, with; near. buy, to purchase. Clime a climate, region. climb, to mount up. Finery, fine clothes. fi'nary, the second forge at iron High, tall, lofty, [mills. hie, to make haste. 96 WORDS PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALTKE. Hide, to conceal. hied, went in haste. I, myself. eye, the organ of sight. I'll.......... I will. isle, an island. aisle, .... passage in a church. Indite', . .to compose ; to write. indict', to accuse. Lie, a wilful falsehood. lye, . . liquor from wood ashes. Li'er, one who lies down. li'ar, one who tells lies. Mi'ner, ... a worker in a mine. mi'nor, one under age. Mite, a little insect. might, power, ability. Night, darkness. knight, a title of honor. Pri'er, a close inquirer. pri'or, former, previous. Pries, inquires into. prize,. . .a reward, a premium. Pride, self-esteem. pried, inquired narrowly. Quire,. . . .24 sheets of paper. choir, a band of singers. Rite, a ceremony. write, to do writing. right, straight, correct. wright, .a workman. Rye, a sort of corn. wry, crooked, distorted. Sine, a geometrical line. sign, .a mark, a token. Si'on, a mount. ci'on, or sci'on, ..... a sprout. Site, .a situation. cite, ... .to summon, to quote. sight, a view ; vision. Size, bulk, magnitude. sighs, , . heaves a sigh. Slight', to neglect. sleight', an artful trick. Stile, steps into a field. style, manner of writing. Tide, stream. tied, ....... fastened by tying. Time, duration, season. thyme, an aromatic herb. Tire, .... to fatigue, to weary. Tyre, an ancient city. Vi'al or phial, . . a small bottle, vi'ol, ... a musical instrument. Like i in 'pin. Bin, . . a place to hold corn, &c. been, existed. Brit'on, . . .a native of Britain. Brit'ain, England and Scotland. Fil'lip. . .to hit with the finger. Phil'ip, a man's name. Gild, to adorn with gold. guild, a corporation. Gilt, adorned with gold. guilt, ...... .wickedness, sin. Gris'ly, ". . . .frightful, hideous. grizzly, ...... somewhat gray. Him, that man. hymn, a divine song. In, . within. inn, a public house. Kill, to take away life. kiln, a sort of stove. Links, rings of a chain. lynx, a spotted beast. Millinery, goods of a milliner, mil'lenary, .... consisting of a Nit, an insect's egg. [thousand, knit, . . to make stockings, &c. Primmer, more precise. prim'er,. . .a child's first book. Rig'ger, one who rigs. rig'or, .... severity, sternness. Ring, . . a circle. wring, to twist. Sig'net, a seal. cyg'net, a young swan. WORDS PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALfKE. 97 Principal, chief. principle, . . fundamental truth. Sili'cious, flinty. cili'cious, made of hair. Sil'ly, simple, foolish. Scil'ly, name of islands. Sin'gle, alone. cing'le, a girth. Sink, ... to descend gradually. cinque, five. Sit, ... ..... to rest on a seat. cit, a citizen. Sticks, . . small pieces of wood. Styx, .... a river of the poets. Sym'bol, a sign. cym'bal, a sort of drum. Like o in no. Beau, a fop. [with. bow, . . an instrument to shoot Blote, to dry by smoke. bloat, to swell. Boll, or bole, .... a round stem. bowl, a basin. Bore, to make a hole. boar, a male swine. Borne, . . . .carried, supported, bourne, ... a limit, a boundary. Close, to shut up. clothes, garments, dress. Cole, cabbage. coal, mineral fuel. Coarse, rough, gross. course, a race. Cord, a small rope. chord, a right line. Core, . . the heart of a tree, &c corps, a body of troops. Cote, ....... a fold for sheep. coat, a part of dress. Doe, a female deer. dough, unbaked paste. Doze, to slumber. does, female deer. Fore, going first. four, twice two. Fort, a castle. forte, . . the thing that any one knows best. Forth, forward. fourth, next after the third. Groan, to sigh deeply. grown, increased. Grocer, a dealer in sugar, &c. gross'er, coarser. Hoard, a treasure. horde, a tribe. Ho ! an exclamation. hoe, a farming tool. Hole, .a hollow place. whole, entire, unbroken. Holy, sacred. wholly, entirely. Home, one's dwelling. holm, the evergreen oak. Lo ! behold. low, abject. Lone, retired, solitary. loan, a thing lent. Lore, learning. lower, to let down. Moan, to lament. mown, cut down. Mote, a particle of dust. moat, a ditch. More, greater. mower, a cutter of grass. No, not so. know, to understand. Nose, part of the face. knows, understands. OlorOh! alas! owe, to be indebted. Ore, unrefined metal. oar, a pole to row with. o'er, over. Po'lar, near the pole. poll'er, .... an elector, a voter. 98 WORDS PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALIKE. Pole, a long stick. poll, . . a list of voters. Pore, a minute tube. pour, . to stream. Port, a harbor. Porte, the Turkish court. Roan, a color. rown, impelled by oars. Rhone, .... a river in France. Roads, . . . highways. [Levant. Rhodes, an island in the Rode, did ride. road, a way. Roe, . .a female deer. row, a rank, a tier. Roes, female deer. rose, a sweet flower. Rome, a city of Italy. roam, to wander, to rove. Rote, . r mere memory. wrote, did write. Shore, the sea coast. shoar, a support, a prop. Sloe, a wild sort of plum. slow, tardy, not quick. So, in such manner. sow, to scatter seed. sew, . . .to work with a needle. Sole, .... the bottom of a shoe, soul, the immortal part of man. Sore, tender, painful. soar, to rise high. Throe, extreme agony. throw to cast, to heave. Throne, a seat of state. thrown, cast. Toe,. ....... .part of the foot. tow, . . . the coarse part of flax. Yoke, a bond, a link. yolk, . . . the yellow of an egg. Like o in not. Chop, a piece of meat. chop, ......... a cleft, a crack. Cod'ling, a sort of apple. cod'dling, parboiling. Col'lar, covering for the neck. chol'er, anger, rage. Com'pliment, . . . .kind words, com'plement, the full number. Dos'sil, a lump of lint. doc'ile, teachable. Hol'low, . . scooped out, empty. holla, to call aloud. Lock, a fastening. loch or lough, a lake. Not, .... a word used to deny. knot, a tie. On'erary, fit for burdens. honorary, .. conferring honor. Like o in move. Brews, doth brew. bruise, to hurt. Brute, a beast. bruit, a noise, a report. Chews, . . grinds with the teeth. choose, .to select. Crews, ships' companies. cruise,. . .to sail up and down. Cru'el, savage, inhuman. crew 'el, a ball of yarn. Galloon', .... a kind of ribbon, galleon', a large Spanish mer- chant-ship. Threw, projected. through, .... from end to end. Rude, uncivil. rood, . measure of land. Like u in tube. Blue, a color. blew, did blow. Due, owing. dew, moisture. Ewe, a female sheep. you, yourselves. yew, an evergreen tree. WORDS PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALIKE. 99 Flue, a small pipe or chimney. flew, did fly. Hue, . . . . a color or tint. hew, to cut down. Hugh, a man's name. Ju'ry, a set of men sworn or af- firmed to give a true verdict. Jew'ry, . . . .the land of Judea. Mews, does mew, muse, .to meditate. Mucous, slimy. mu'cus, slime. New, . . . .fresh, novel. knew, perceived with certainty. Use, £ .".to employ. ewes, female sheep. Like u in tub. Berth, a sailor's sleeping place. birth, coming into life. Burn, ... .to consume by fire. Berne, a town in Switzerland. But, except. butt, a large cask. Bur'row, a rabbit hole. bor'ough, a corporation. Cous'in, a relation. coz'en,. . .to defraud, to cheat. Culler, a selecter. col'or, hue. Cur'rant, a fruit. cur'rent, a stream. Dun, a dark color. done, .... finished, performed. Dust, powdered earth. dost, makest. Fun'gous, spongy. fun'gus, a mushroom. Fur, soft hair. fir, the deal tree. Furs, skins of beasts. furze, a wild shrub. Herd, ...... a drove or flock. heard, did hear. Just, honest, upright. joust, a mock fight. Kernel, . . .the inside of a nut. colo'nel, .... a military officer. Nun, a religious maid. none, not any. Plum, a fruit. plumb, a leaden weight. Purl, . .to flow with a murmur, pearl, . . a gem found in oysters. Ruff, a neck ornament. rough, coarse, uneven. Rung, did ring. wrung, twisted. Skull,. . .the bone of the head, scull,. . . . .a short oar; a boat. Suck'er, a young shoot. suc'cor, aid, help. Sum, ... .the whole, the total. some, . .a part. Sun, .... the fountain of light. son, a male child. Sut'ler, . . a seller of provisions. subtler, more cunning. Sut'tle, net weight. subtle, cunning, artful. Surge, a wave or billow. serge, a kind of woollen cloth. Urn, ... a vessel for water, &c. earn, to gain by labor. Won, . . • gained. one, a single thing. Like ou in out. Bow, . . , bough, . Brows, . browse, Foul, 7. , fowl, . . Our, . . . hour, . . , Rout, . . route, . . to bend. a branch. . brinks or edges. . . . to eat shrubs, unclean, impure. . . . . a large bird. . belonging to us. . part of the day. a rabble. a way. 100 WORDS PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALIKE, WORDS SOUNDED ALIKE IN FAMILIAR SPEAKING. Words of one and two syllables which are sounded alike in familiar speaking. Dire, .... dismal. dyer, one who dyes. Flare,, .to give unsteady light. flayer, one who flays. Flour, meal. flower, a blossom. Gore, blood. goer, one who goes. Hire, wages. higher, loftier. Hoar, white. hoer, one who hoes. Lair, a beast's couch. layer, a stratum or row. Lore, .- learning. lower, deeper. Lyre, .... a harp, [falsehoods • liar, .... one who utters wilful Mare, ........ a female horse. mayor, a magistrate. More, a greater quantity. mower, one who mows. Pare, ..... to cut off the rind. payer, he that pays. Roar, ... to make a loud noise. rower, one who rows. Sire, , . a father. sigher, one who sighs. Soar, to fly aloft. sower, .... he that casts seed. sore, painful. sewer, a seamstress. Sure, , certain. shoer, he who shoes. Ware, merchandise. weigher, he that weighs. Your, belonging to you. ewer, a water jug. Bald, without hair. bawled, cried out. Bard, a poet. barred, .hindered. Board, a plank. bored, pierced. Bold, impudent. bowled, rolled. Braid, to plat. brayed, did bray. Brood, offspring. brewed did brew. Chaste, pure, undefiled. chased, pursued.. Find, to discover. fined, .... made to pay a fine. Gourd, a creeping plant. gored, . . .pierced with a horn. Guest, a visitor. guessed, . conjectured. Mist, a sort of fog. missed, lost. Mode, .a manner. Ode, a poem. owed, was indebted. Rode, did ride. rowed, did row. Side, margin or edge. sighed, heaved a sigh. Sold, disposed of. soled, . . having the sole put on. Sword, a weapon. soared, mounted aloft. Told, mentioned. tolled, rung. Wade, to pass through. weighed, did weigh. ■.-<-tf-»va»g>;f-^^;;ai.jr>itvA^.- J i ; .'-.-^--.-^-.-L- WORDS PRONOUNCED, NEARLY ALIKE. 101 WORDS PRONOUNCED NEARLY ALIKE. Words nearly alike in sound, but pair having the sound of Advice', , counsel. advise', to give advice. Ass, a beast of burden. as, like. Bod'ice, stays. bod'ies, . .material substances. Cease, to leave off. seize, to take hold of. Cic'atrice, a scar. cic'atrize, to heal over. Cop'pice, . . a wood cut for fuel. cop'ies, imitations. Decease', death. disseize', to dispossess. Device', a contrivance. devise', to grant by will. Dice, small cubes. dies, expires. Di'verse, different. di'vers, several. Dose, a proper quantity. doze, to slumber. Fran'cis, a man's name. Fran'ces, ... a woman's name. Gla'ciers, fields of ice. glaciers, they who put glass in. . Grace, favor. graze, to pasture. Greece, . . a country of Europe. grease, to smear with fat. Gristly, cartilaginous. grizz'ly, somewhat grey. Hearse, a carriage for the dead. her's, . . belonging to her. Hiss, . . . the voice of a serpent. his, belonging to him. Juice, fluids. Jews, Hebrews. Lace, to fasten. lays, places. distinguished by the first of each s, and the other that of z. Lease, acontract for houses, &c. lees, dregs. Loose, slack, untied. lose, to miss. Mace, a sort, of spice. maze, an intricate place. Mus'cle, a shell fish. muz'zle, ... to bind the mouth. Niece, a relation. knees, joints. Pace, a step. pays, recompenses. Peace, quiet, tranquillity. peas, a kind of pulse. Pence, coins, pennies. pens, .... writing implements. Place, situation. plays, does play. Prec'edent, an example. president, a governor. Price, charge, value. prize, reward. Prin'cess, a prince's wife. prin'ces, sovereign rulers. Race, a course. raise, * to elevate. Ra'cer, a swift horse. ra'zor, ...... .a shaving knife. Rice, an esculent grain. rise, ." to get up. Ruse, trick, cunning. rues repents. Seal, a signet. zeal, ardor* Sink, a drain. zinc, ... a brittle, white metal. the name of a mount. Sion, > Zion, $ Truth's, . . . belonging to truth. truths, verities. 12 102 WORDS PRONOUNCED NEARLY ALIKE. Words in which the latter of each pair has an e, where the former has an a. Accept', . . .to take, to receive. except', to leave out. Access', an approach. excess', . . .more than enough. Addition, increase. edition, a giving out. Affable, courteous. ef fable, utterable. Affect', . . to move the passions. effect', consequence. Affusion, pouring upon. effusion, pouring out. Allusion, a hint. elusion, an artful escape. Arrant, very bad. errant, wandering. Assay', examination. essay', to attempt. Bacon, pork smoked. beacon, a light-house ; a mark. Bri'dal,. .relating to marriage. bri'dle, a curb. Catch, to seize. ketch, a heavy ship. Chair, a moveable seat. cheer, to encourage. Chron'ical,. . lasting. chron'icle, a history. Command', to order. commend', to praise. Confidant', . . .one trusted with con'fident, . . positive, [secrets. Du'al, expressing two. du'el, . . a combat between two. Expanse', ..... .an extension. expense', cost, charge. Fa'vor, kindness. fe'ver, a distemper. Hards, refuse of flax. herds,. . . .companies of cattle. Hyperbola, ... an elliptic cone, hyperbole, an extravagant say- Modal, relating to fashion, [ing. model, a pattern. Med'al, ".a coin. med'dle, .to interfere. Medlar, a fruit. med'dler, a busy body. Pal'ate, the roof of the mouth. pal'let, a little bed. Par'ish,. . a district. perish, to die. Par'sonage, a parson's house, per'sonage, .... a great person. Ped'al, . . belonging to the foot. ped'dle, .to trifle. Prin'cipal, chief. prin'ciple, original cause. Rack, a frame for hay. wreck, ruin. Rare, scarce. rear, to erect. Raisins, dried grapes. reasons, arguments. Rad'ish, an' eatable root. red'dish, somewhat red. Rad'ical, original. rad'icle, a young root. Sal'ary, wages. cel'ery, a vegetable. Spacious, wide. spe'cious, .showy. Star'ling, a bird. sterling, genuine. Tar'rier, a delayer. terrier, . a sort of dog. Tin'cal, a mineral. tin'kle, to make a quick noise. Wa'ry, cautious. wea'ry, tired. WORDS PRONOUNCED NEARLY ALIKE. 103 The first of each pair having the vowel e, where the flatter has i. Creek, a small bay. crick, a pain in the neck. Deference, respect. difference, disagreement. Defor'mity, ugliness. diffor'mity,. . .variety of form. Delu'sion, a deception. dilu'tion, .... a making weak. Descent', a going down. dissent', disagreement. Elic'it, to draw out. illic'it, unlawful. Elude', to escape from. illude', to deceive. Em'inent, noted. im'minent, threatening. Empyr'eal, refined. impe'rial,. ... .of an emperor. Erup'tion, ... .a breaking out. irrup'tion. .... a breaking into. Sev'ille, a city in Spain. civ'il, obliging, kind. Sheep, mutton. ship, a sailing vessel. Shel'ling, . . . .taking off shells. shil'ling an English coin. Weth'er, a sheep. wither, to fade. Wheth'er, . .which of the two. whith'er, to what place. Coun'sel, advice. coun'cil, an assembly. Proph'et, . . . one who foretells. profit, gain, advantage. Rab'bet, . . a joint in carpentry, rab'bit, ... a burrowing animal. The first of each pair ending in ts. Ac'cidents, . . . .chances, [mar. ac'cidence, rudiments of gram- Acts, deeds. axe, a chopping tool. Adhe'rents, partisans. adhe'rence, fidelity. Assistants, helpers. assis'tance, service, help. Benefits, advantages. ben'efice, .... a church living. Chants, melodies. chance, fortune, accident. Comments', ....... .explains. commence', to begin, [respond. Correspond 'ents, they who cor- correspond'ence, . .agreement. Courts, halls of justice. course, race, career. Dents, hollow marks. dense, thick, close. Faults, defects, errors. false, untrue. In'stants, . '. moments. in'stance, example. Intents', purposes. intense', excessive. Pa'tients, sick people. pa'tience, ...... .forbearance. Pres'ents, gifts. pres'ence, . . . immediate view. Prints, impressions. prince, ... a sovereign or chief. Scents, perfumes. sense, feeling ; reason. Sects, parties in religion. sex, male or female. Tal'ents, natural powers. tal'ons, , . claws. Tents, canvas houses. tense, v .• . . stretched stifE 104 WORDS PRONOUNCED NEARLY ALIKE. Words often confounded either in spelling or pronunciation, but which ought to be carefully distinguished. Accessary, a partaker in crime. accessory, giving aid- Ant, an emmet. aunt, a parent's sister. Bile, a bitter liquor collected in the gall-bladder, boil, . . .to be agitated by heat. Boy, a male child. buoy, a floating mark. Bust, a sculptured head. burst, rent asunder. Caldron, a large vessel. chaldron, . . . thirty-six bushels. Captor, one who takes. capture, a conquest. Carrot, an eatable root. caret, a weight of four grains. Census, enumeration of people, senses, . . . perceptive faculties. Centaury, a plant. sentry, a guard. Coat, a garment. quote, .... to cite, as an author. Complacent, . . .easily pleased, complaisant, desirous to please. Cor'poral, . . an inferior officer. corpo'real, not spiritual. Currier, a leather dresser. cou'rier, a messenger. Depositary, a trustee. depository, . . place of deposite. Desert, a waste place. dessert, fruit, &c. after dinner. Disease, a disorder. decease, death. Ear, .... the organ of hearing. year, twelve months. East, . . towards the rising sun. yeast, barm. Errant, wandering. errand, a message. Exaltation, raising high. exultation, .... great rejoicing. Ex'ecuter, one who performs. exec'utor, he who executes a testator's will. Fisher, . one who catches fish. fissure, a cleft or crack. Genius, mental power. o-enus, ~^ .... a kind. Grope, to feel the way. group, to crowd together. Jest, a joke. just, nearly. Lightning, flash before thunder. lightening, unloading. Lineament, a feature. liniment, ... ... .an ointment. Liver, .... one of the entrails. livre, a French coin. Loath, unwilling. loathe, to dislike. Message, an errand. messuage, a house. Metre, verse. meteor, a luminous body float- ing in the atmosphere. Ordinance, a law. ordnance, great guns. Populace, the common people. populous, full of people. Reel, to stagger. real, true, genuine. Suit, to fit, to become. suite,. . . . . succession, retinue. Statute, . a law. statue, an image. Talc,. . .a transparent mineral. talk, to converse. Tower, . . a high building ; a fortress. tour, a journey. WORDS DOUBLING THE FfNAL CONSONANT, OR NOT. 105 Monosyllables ending with a single consonant, preceded by a single vowel, double the last letter when they take an additional syllable begin- ning with a vowel ; and are thereby distinguished from others which, ending with e mute, do not double the last consonant. Bar, to hinder. barred, hindered. Hop, to jump on one leg. hopping, jumping on one leg. Pin, to fasten with pins. pinning, . . fastening with pins. Plan to contrive. planner, a contriver. Plat, to braid. platted, braided. Rob, to plunder, to steal. robbing, stealing. Slop, to spill about. slopping, spilling. Strip, to undress. stripped, undressed. Bare, to lay open. bared, laid open. Hope, ... to expect with desire. hoping, expecting. Pine, to languish. pining, languishing. Plane, to smooth. planer, a smoother. Plate, to silver over. plated, silvered over. Robe, to put on robes. robing, putting on robes. Slope, to incline. sloping, inclining. Stripe, .... to mark with lines, striped, . . . .marked with lines. The preceding rule respecting the doubling of the final consonant is also applicable to dissyllables accented on the latter syllable, but not to those accented on the former, except the final consonant be I, which is generally doubled. Impel', to push forward. impel'ling, . . pushing forward. Rebel', to revolt. rebellious, revolting. Distil', ... .to extract by heat. distiller, one who distils. Defer', ... .to put off, to delay. deferring, delaying. Unship', to take out of a ship, unship'ped, taken out of a ship. Commit', to do an act. commit'tal, a sending to prison. Can'cel, to wipe out. can'celling, erasing. Gro'vel, to be mean. grov'eller, ... .a mean person. Cav'il, to find fault. cav'iller, . . .a trifling objector. Offer, to present. offering, a present. Wor'ship, to adore. wor'shiped, adored. Vict'ual, . .to supply with food, victualler, a publican. Words in which, as well as in their compounds, the letter H is not aspirated. Heir, an inheritor. | Host'ler, he who takes care of Herb, a plant, j horses at an inn. Honest, just, upright. | Hour, sixty minutes. Honor, dignity. I Hu'mor, disposition. Before these words, instead of the article a, we make use of an. 106 WORDS DIFFERING IN ACCENT. DISSYLLABLES Spelt and pronounced alike, excepting the accent Signification when the accent is on Signification when the accent is on the first syllable. the second syllable. Mean, worthless. Abject. To throw away. not present. Absent. to keep away. ; an abridgement. Abstract. to take from. modification of voice. Accent. to mark the accents. , direction of a letter. Address. to speak or apply to. a particle added to a } word. $ Affix. to subjoin. 1 an increase. Augment. to increase. the eighth month. August. grand. a great gun. Bombard. to attack with bombs. big words. Bombast. high sounding. to beat. Buffet. a cupboard. n partner. Colleague. to unite with. a short prayer. Collect. to gather. an exposition. Comment. to expound. an agreement. Compact. firm, solid. a confederacy. Complot. to conspire. behavior. Comport. to suit. a mixture. Compound. to mingle. a bolster of linen, used in surgery. > Compress. to force together. a musical performance. Concert. to contrive. a mass formed of parts. Concrete. to unite into one body. behavior. Conduct. to manage, to guide. a sweetmeat. Confect. { to make up into sweet- l meats. boundary. Confine. to limit, to restrain. a struggle. Conflict. to contest. a sweetmeat. Conserve. to candy fruit. companion. Consort. to associate with. a council. Consult. to ask advice. a dispute. Contest. to dispute. the general series. Context. knit together. a bargain. Contract. to shorten ; to bargain. opposition. Contrast. to put in opposition. discourse. Converse. to talk. one who embraces a ) new opinion. ) Convert. { to turn from a bad to I a good life. a person found guilty. Convict. to prove guilty. WORDS DIFFERING IN ACCENT. 107 Signification when the accent is on Signification when the accent is on the first syllable. the second syllable. attendance for defence. Convoy. to escort. a falling off Decrease. to grow less. particular account. Detail. to particularize. disagreement. Discord. to disagree. money deducted. Discount. to pay beforehand. a flowing out. Efflux. to flow out. a convoy. Escort. to guard to a place. an attempt. Essay. . to endeavor. commodity sent out. Export. { to carry out of the ( country. essence drawn out. Extract. to draw out. a tumult. Ferment. to put into a tumult. contrivance. Forecast. to form schemes. anticipation. Foretaste. to taste before. happening often. Frequent. to visit often. consequence. Import. to bring into. mark, stamp. Impress. to print. printer's name in the > title of a book. $ Imprint. to fix in the mind. perfumes burnt. Incense. to enrage. augmentation. Increase. to grow bigger. wood formed to inlay. Inlay. to variegate wood, &c. natural impulse. Instinct. animated. insolence. Insult. to treat with contempt. a thing seen or felt. Object. to oppose. flight, escape. Outleap. to leap beyond. complete. Perfect. to finish, to complete. fragrance. Perfume. to scent. a written permission. Permit. to allow. a particle put before > a word. $ Prefix. to put before. to make new. Reform. to amend. passage back. Regress. to go back. sale by small lots. Retail. to sell in small lots. one under dominion. Subject. to put under. the family name. Surname. to add another name. a view ; measure. Survey. to overlook. pain, anguish. Torment. to vex, to torture. a conveyance. Transfer. to convey, to remove. a vessel of carriage. Transport. to banish ; to enrapture. a negligent dress. Undress. to take off the clothes. one suddenly raised. Upstart. to rise suddenly. 108 WORDS DIFFERING IN ACCENT AND SOUND. WORDS Spelt alike, but differing both in accent and sound. TWO SYLLABLES. Cem'ent, sticky matter. cement', . .to unite by mortar. Con' jure, . . to practise charms. conjure', to intreat. Des'cant, a song or tune. descant', to harangue. Des'ert, a wilderness. desert', to forsake. Di'gest, . .the body of the civil law. digest',, .to concoct in the sto- mach. En'trance, . . . commencement, entrance',. . .to put into an ec- stasy. g x 'iie banishment. exile','.'.'.'.' slender. high spirited. . . attentive to ladies. a short space of time. small. .... an introduction. . . .to be previous to. Gal'lant gallant', Minute, minute', . Prel'ude, prelude', Pres'age, a prognostic. presage', to forebode. Pres'ent, a gift. present', ...to offer. Produce, ..product. produce', , to cause. Prog'ress, .... motion forward. progress', to advance. Prefect, a scheme. project', .to put out. Prot'est, a declaration against, protest',, .to declare solemnly. Prov'ost, . .the chief of a body, provost',. . .the executioner of an army. [ment. Reb'el, an opponent to govern- rebel', to rise against authority. Rec'ord, a register. record', to enrol. Refuse, that which is rejected. refuse', to reject. Repent', to feel sorrow, re'pent, creeping. At' tribute, quality. attribute, to ascribe. Con'fessor, he who hears con- fessions. confes'sor, . . he who confesses. Counterbalance, an equipoise. counterbal'ance, to weigh against. Inval'id, weak ' invalid', a sick person. Overcharge, too high a charge. overcharge', to oppress. THREE SYLLABLES. Precedent, an example. prece'dent, going before. Prem'ises,. .houses, lands, &c. premi'ses, explains before. Recollect, to call to mind. re'collect, to collect again. Recompense, . . a reward. recompense', . .to reward. Sin'ister, . . corrupt, insidious. sinis'ter, left-handed. Sev'erer, . .onewhe separates, seve'rer, more rigorous. WORDS DIFFERING lUNCIATION. 109 Words spelt alike, but pronounced differently. 1st. In which ow has the: sound of o in the former, and of ou in the latter, of each pair. Bow, . . an instrument to shoot arrows bow, to bend, to stoop, to salute courteously. Lower, to bring down. lower, to appear dark. Mow, to cut down. mow, a mass of hay or grain. Row, . . a rank or file of things, row, .... a tumult, an uproar. Sow, to scatter seed. sow, a female pig 2d. In which s has the sound of s in the former, and of % in the latter, of each pair. Abuse, . . the ill use of a thing, abuse, . . to make an ill use of. Close, .... shut fast ; narrow. close, the conclusion. Cruise, a small cup. cruise,, .a voyage for plunder. Diffuse',. . .scattered; copious, diffuse',, .to spread, to scatter. Excuse', an apology. excuse',. ........ .to pardon. Grease, soft fat. grease, . . to smear with grease. House, a place of abode. house, ... to shelter, to harbor. Lease, a contract for land, &c. lease, to glean. Misuse', a bad use. misuse', .to misemploy. Mouse, a little animal. mouse, to catch mice. Noose, a running knot. noose, to catch. Refuse, that which is rejected, refuse', ... .to reject; to deny. Resign', to sign again. resign', to relinquish. Use, . . . purpose, convenience, use, to employ, to treat. 3d. Various A'te, the goddess of mischief. ate, devoured. Bass, a fish ; a mat. bass, the lower notes in music. Beat, to strike. beat, conquered. Chap, a fellow. chap, to crack the skin by cold. Clean'ly, . . in a clean manner, clean'iy, neat, pure, nice. Clothes, provides with articles of dress. clothes, garments. Cour'tesy, civility. courte'sy, the reverence made by women. Deni'er, one who denies. denier', ....... a French coin. Does, female deer. does, doth. K 110 WORDS DIFFERING IN PRONOUNCTATION. Dove, a bird. dove, did dive. Eat, to take food. eat, devoured. Fin'ish, . . . .~. . . .to complete. fi'nish, rather fine. Gill, a quarter of a pint.- gill, an opening on each side _of a fish's head. Gout, a painful disease. gout (goo) taste. Hinder, to prevent. hind'er, backward. Intimate, . . .to hint. intimate, familiar. 1'rony, . . . .contrary meaning. i'rony, partaking of iron. Job, petty work. Job, .a man's name. Lead, to conduct. lead, a soft, heavy metal. Learn'ed, . . intelligent, skilful. learned, did learn. Live, to continue in life. live, . . . vivid ; spoken of color. Lives, plural of life. lives, dwells. "Manes, hair on animals' necks. ma'nesj departed spirits. Mod'erate, ...... ..to regulate. moderate, temperate. | No'table, remarkable. | not'able, .... careful, bustling. i Num'ber, reckoning. numb'er, more torpid. j Plait, to fold. ; plait or plat, to braid. Polish, to brighten. Po'lish, . .belonging to Poland. Pri'mer, more excellent. prim'er, . . .a child's first book. Prob'able, likely. pro'bable, that can be probed. Ra'rity, uncommonness. rarity, thinness. Ra'ven, .... a large black bird, rav'en, ... .to devour greedily. Read, to peruse. read, perused. Read'ing, perusing. Reading, the name of a town. Re' formation,, .forming anew, reformation,, .a change from worse to better. Riv'er, ... .a current of water larger than a brook, ri'ver, one who splits or cleaves. Seine, a sort of net. Seine, a river of France. Sep'arate, to part. sep'arate, .disjoined. Sew'er, .... an officer at feasts. sew'er, a needle woman. sewer, a drain. Slough,. . .a deep, miry place, slough,, .a serpent's cast skin. Staves, .... the plural of staff, staves, .... the plural of stave. Tar'ry, to wait, to stay. tar'ry, smeared with tar. Tear, .... water from the eye. tear, to rend. Wind, ........ air in motion. wind, to twist. Wound, twisted. wound, a hurt. Wors'ted, woollen yarn. worst'ed, defeated. EQUIVOCAL WORDS. HI EQUIVOCAL WORDS. Words that have very different meanings, and mould require to be translated by different words. Address, v. To accost. — n. Deportment. — Dexterity. — Direc- tion of a letter. Air. n. What we breathe. — Music. — Mien. Angle, n. A corner. — v. To fish with a rod and hook. Apparent, a. Plain, visible. — Seeming, not real. Arch. n. Part of a bridge. — a. Mirthful. Art. n. Practical science. — v. Thou art, (not, thou be.) Bachelor, n. An unmarried man. — One who has taken his first degree in a college, Bait. n. A temptation. — Refreshment. — v. To worry with dogs. Ball. n. A round thing. — An entertainment of dancing. Bank. n. A heap of earth. — The place where money is kept. •Bar. n. A piece of wood to stop a passage. — The place where the criminal stands in court. Bark. n. The rind of a tree—A stout vessel. — v. To make a noise as a dog. [slightly. Baste, v. To pour the dripping over roasting meat. — To sew Base. a. Vile, worthless. — n. The foundation. Bat. n. A stick to strike a ball. — A small animal with wings, but no feathers. [bark. Bay. n. A tree. — An opening in the land. — A color. — v. To Beam. n. A large piece of timber. — A ray of light. Bear. v. To carry. — n. A rough savage animal. Become, v. To enter into a new condition. — To befit. Bed. n. What we sleep on. — The channel of a river. Beetle, n. An insect. — A heavy mallet. Bill. n. The beak of a bird. — An account of money. Billet, n. A log of fire-wood. — A note. Bit. w..A small piece. — The iron put into a horse's mouth. Blade, n. The cutting part of a tool. — A leaf of grass. Blow. n. A stroke. — v. To puff. — To blossom. Board, n. A plank. — v. To live with another for a certain price. Boil. n> A painful sore. — v. To be agitated with heat. Boot. n. Covering for the leg. — Profit, advantage. Bound, n. A limit. — A leap. — v. Did bind. Bowl. n. A vessel for liquids. — A ball. — v. To roll. Box. n. A tree. — A case or chest. — A slap on the ear. — A seat in a tavern or playhouse. — v. To fight with the fists. Brace, v. To bind.— n. A couple. Brazier, n. A worker in copper. — A pan to hold coals. ■SIP 112 EQUIVOCAL WORDS. Brook, n. A rivulet. — v. To endure. Butt. n. A vessel containing two hogsheads. — An object of ridi- cule. — v. To strike with the head. Calf. n. The young of a cow. — The thick part of the leg. Can. n. A metal jug. — v. To be able. Cape. n. A headland. — A collar piece. Caper, v. To skip and jump. — n. A pickle. Card. n. Thick stiff paper. — v. To comb wool. Case. n. A covering. — State of things. — Variation of nouns* Cast. v. Tp throw. — To form in a mould.— n. A moulded form. Cataract." ». A waterfall. — A disease in the eye. Charge, n. Care. — Command. — Accusation. — Expense. Cleave, v. To split. — To stick. Clove, n. An aromatic spice. — v. Did cleave. Club. n. A heavy stick. — A society. Cockle, n. A shell fish. — A weed that grows among grain. Collation, n. Comparison. — A repast. Comb. n. An instrument for the hair. — The crest of a cock. — The cells in which bees put honey. [prison. Commit, v. To intrust. — To be guilty of a crime. — To send to Concordance, n. Agreement. — An index to words in the Bible. Consistency, n. Congruity.: — Degree of density. Content, a. Satisfied. — n. Capacity. Copy. n. A model to be imitated. — An imitation. Corn. n. Grain. — A horny .substance on the foot. — v. To salt. Count, v. To reckon. — n. An earl. — A point in an indictment. Counter, n. A table in a shop. — a. Contrary. Court, v. To solicit. — n. Space before a house. — A little street. Crab. n. A shell-fish. — A wild apple. Craft, n. Cunning. — Small sailing vessels. Crane, n. A long-legged bird. — An engine to raise weights. — A bent tube to draw liquor, out of a cask. Cricket, n. A chirping insect. — A game with bats and balls. Crop. n. The harvest. — The craw of a bird. — v. To cut short. Cross, n. A straight body laid at right angles over another. — a. Peevish. — v. To thwart. [cock. Crow. n. A large black bird. — An iron lever. — The voice of a Cry. v. To call out. — To weep. Dam. n. The mother of an animal. — A bank to confine water. Date. n. A time. — The fruit of the date tree. Deal. n. A great part. — Fir-wood.— v. To traffic. Dear. a. Beloved. — Expensive. Deck. n. The floor of a ship. — v. To dress. Desert', n. Merit. — v. To forsake. rTtYIW^irft ItratM i rffirf^fflirv--'---- . ...±^&iasasa&&sl*mau EQUIVOCAL WORDS. 113 Despatch, n. Haste, speed. — v. To put to death. Die. v. To expire.— To tinge.— n. A stamp. — A color. — A little cube. Diet. n. Food.- — An assembly. Divers, n. They who plunge under water. — a. Several. [off. Dock. n. A place where ships are built. — An herb. — v. To cut Down. n. Soft feathers. — An open plain. — adv. Not up. Draw. i?. To drag. — To take from a cask. — To delineate. Drill, v. To bore holes. — -To exercise recruits. Drug. n. A medicinal simple. — Any worthless thing. Dun. a. Dark coloured. — n. A clamorous creditor. Ear. n. The organ of hearing. — A spike of corn. Elder, a. Older. — n. The name of a shrub. Ellipsis, n. An omission of words. — An oval. Engross, v. To occupy the whole. — To copy law writings. Entertain, v. To amuse. — To hold in the mind. Even. a. Level. — n. Evening. — adv. Verily ; likewise. Exact, a. Accurate. — v. To require authoritatively. Express, v. To utter. — To squeeze out. — a. Exactly like. Fair. a. Beautiful. — Jusk — Favorable. — n. An annual market. Fare. n. Price of passage by land or water. — Provisions. Fast. a. Firm. — Swift. — n. Abstinence from food. Fawn. n. A young deer. — v. To court servilely. Feed. v. To supply with food. — "par. Rewarded. Fell. v. Did fall. — To cut down. — a. Gruel. Fellow, n. An associate. — One of a pair. — A mean person. Felt. v. Perceived. — n. Woollen cloth or stuff for hats, &c. Ferret, n. A sort of weasel. — A kind of narrow ribbon. Figure, n. Shape. — A statue. — A numerical character. File. n. A rasping tool. — A line on which papers are put. Fillet, n. A band. — The thick part of a leg of veal. Fine. a. Thin. — Clear.— Splendid. — n. A forfeit. — The end. Firm. a. Strong. — Steady. — n. The name or title of partners in trade. Fit. a. Proper. — Suitable. — n.- A paroxysm. — v. To suit. Flag. n. A water plant. — A paving stone. — Colors or ensign. — v. To hang loosely. — To grow spiritless. Flatter, a. Smoother. — v. To praise falsely. Fleet, n. A navy. — a. Nimble. Flock, n. A company of birds or beasts. — A lock of wool. Foil. n. A defeats — Leaf metal. Fold. n. An enclosure for sheep. — A double. Foot. n. Part of the body on which we stand. — Twelve inches For. prep. Instead of, on account of. — conj. Because. K2 ~ 114 EQUI VOCAL WORDS. Forge, v. To form by the hammer. — To counterfeit. Former, a. Prior. — n. A maker. Founder, n. One who establishes.— A caster. — v. To sink to the bottom. Fret. v. To be peevish. — To wear away by rubbing. Fry. n. A swarm of young fishes. — &. To dress food in a pan. Fuller, a. Nearer full. — n. A cleanser of cloth. Game.-/*. Sport. — Animals chased. Gin. n. A snare.- — A spirit distilled from juniper berries. Gloss, n. Superficial lustre. — A comment. Gore. n. Clotted blood. — v. To pierce with a horn. Grain, n. Corn. — Any minute particle. — A small weight. Grate, n. A range of bars. — v. To wear away by rasping.— To make a harsh noise. Grateful, a. Thankful.— Delightful. Grave, n. The place where corpses are buried. — a. Serious. — v. To carve. Graze, v. To feed on grass. — To touch lightly. Green, a. Colored like grass. — Fresh. — Immature. Gross, a. Large, coarse. — n. The whole bulk. — Twelve dozen. Ground, n. Earth. — The first coat of paint. — v. To found. — part. Sharpened by grinding. — Reduced to powder. Habit, n. State of a thing. — Custom. — Dress. . Hail. n. Frozen rain. — v. To salute. Hamper, n. A large packing basket. — v. To perplex. Heaven, n. The eternal abode of the good. — The sky. Help. v. To assist. — To avoid. Hide. v. To conceal. — n. The skin of an animal. Hind. a. Backward.— ft. A female stag. — A peasant. Hop. v. To jump on one leg. — n. A climbing plant. Host. n. The master of a feast. — Landlord of an inn. — An army. — Any great number. Hue. n. A color. — A clamor. Instance, n. Importunity. — Example. Instant, a. Urgent. — Immediate. — n. A moment. Jar. n. An earthen vessel.— A rattling sound, — Discord. — The state of a door not quite shut. Jet. n. A black fossil. — A spout of water. — v. To jut out. Just. a. Upright, honest. — adv. Exactly. — Nearly. Kennel, n. A cot for dogs. — A water course* [culties. Key. n. An instrument to open a lock. — Means of solving diffi- Kind. a. Benevolent.— n. A sort. Lace. n. A string. — Curiously woven thread. Lake. n. A large space of inland water. — A beautiful color. EQUIVOCAL WORDS. 115 Lap. v. To lick up.— To wrap or twist round. — rc.That part of a person sitting, which extends from the waist to the knees. Last, a. Latest.— v. To endure.— n. The mould on which shoes are made. Lawn, n, An open plain. — Fine linen. Lay. v. To place down. — To wager. — Did lie. — n. A song. — a. Not clerical. League, n. A confederacy. — Three miles in length. Lean. v. To incline, n. The muscular part of flesh. — a. Thin. Leave, n. Permission. — -v. To quit. — To desist. Left. a. Opposite to the right, — part. Not taken. Let. v. To permit.— To hinder. — n. Hindrance. [lets. Letter, n. An alphabetical character. — -An epistle. — One who Lie. v. To rest. — To utter wilful falsehoods. — n. A fiction. Light, n. Illumination. — a. Not heavy. — Bright. — v. To kindle. Like. a. Resembling. — v. To approve. — adv. As. [stance. Lime. n. Calcareous earth. — A sort of lemon. — A sticky sub- Line, n. A string. — A single verse. — v. To cover inside. Link. n. A single ring of a chain. — A torch. — v. To connect. Litter, n. A portable bed. — Straw laid under animals. — A num- ber of things in disorder. — A birth of animals. Liver, n. One of the entrails.— One who lives. Lock. n. A fastening. — A tuft of hair or wool. — A contrivance to raise boats in canals. Long. a. Protracted. ~v. To desire earnestly. Lot. n. Fortune. — A parcel. Lute. n. A stringed musical instrument. — A sort of cement. Mace. n. An ensign of authority. — A kind of spice. Mail. n. Armor. — A post-bag of letters. Mangle, v. To smooth linen. — To cut and tear. March, n. The third month. — v. To walk in procession. Mass. n. A lump. — The service of the Latin church. Mast. n. The pole to which the sails of a ship are fixed. — The fruit of oak or beech. Match, n. A thing that easily inflames. — An equal. — A thing that suits. — A marriage. [quence. Matter, n. Material substance.- — Subject of discourse. — Conse- Mead. n. A meadow. — Honey-wine. Meal. n. A repast. — The flour of grain. Mean. a. Base. — Niggardly.— n. Medium.- — v. To intend.*— To signify. Meet. v. To encounter.— a. Proper, .suitable. Mine. n. A cavern dug for minerals. — proa. Belonging to me. 116 EQUIVOCAL WORDS. Mint. n. A plant. — The place where money is coined. ^ Minute, n. The sixtieth part of an hour. — A short note. Mole. ?u A little animal. — A spot on the skin. — A mound. Moor. n. A marsh or fen. — A negro. — v. To fasten by anchors. Mortar, n. A vessel in which things are pounded. — Cement for bricks. — A short wide cannon for bombs. Mould, n. The ground in which plants grow. — The shape in which things are cast. — Concretions by decay. Must. v. To be forced. — To grow musty. — n. New wine. Nail. n. The horny substance at the end of the fingers and toes. — A metal spike. — Two inches- and a quarter. Nap. n. A short sleep. — The down on cloth, &c. Neat. n. An ox or cow. — a. Elegant. — Pure. Nervous, a. Vigorous. — Having weak nerves. No. a. Not any. — adv. The word of refusal or denial. Oblige, v. To compel.-^-To please. Order, n. Regularity. — A command. — Class. Organ, n. A natural instrument of sense. — A musical wind in- strument. Ounce, n. A small weight. — An animal like a panther. Page. n. One side of a leaf. — A young attendant on a prince. Pale. a. Wan. — Dim.— n. A rail to enclose grounds. — A dis trict or territory. , Pall. n. A covering for the dead. — v. To become insipid. Palm. n. A tree. — Victory. — The inner part of the hand. — v. To impose upon by fraud. Partial, a. Fond of. — Affecting only a part. Patient, a. Enduring. — n. A sick person. Peck. n. A quarter of a bushel — v. To pick up food with the beak. — To strike with a pointed instrument. Peer. n. An equal. — A nobleman. Pen. n. A writing instrument. — A small inclosure. Perch, n. A kind of fish. — That which birds sit on. — -5? yards. Pet. n. A slight passion. — A favorite. Pike. n. A fish of prey. — A long lance. Pile. n. A beam driven into the ground. — A heap. Pine. n. A tree. — v. To languish. Pinion, n. A wing. — Fetters for the arms. — A small-toothed wheel. — v. To shackle. Pink. w. A Jlower. — A rose color. Pitch, w. Thickened tar. — Degree of elevation. — p. To fix. — To throw. Plate, n. A small round dish. — Wrought silver. — Flatted metal. Poach, v* To boil slightly. — To steal game. EQUIVOCAL WORDS. 117 Pole. n. A long piece of timber. — 5 J yards in length. — The extremity of the earth's axis. — A native of Poland. Port. n. A harbor. — A gate. — The gun-hole in a ship. — A sort of wine from Oporto. Porter, n. A door-keeper. — One who carries loads. — Strong beer. Post. n. A piece of timber set up. — A messenger. — Employ. — v. To travel quickly. — To transcribe into a ledger. Pound, n. Twenty shillings. — A weight. — A prison for stray beasts. — v. To reduce to powder. Prefer, v. To choose before another. — To advance. Pretend, v. To represent falsely. — To intend. Prune, v. To lop trees. — n. A dried plum. Pulse, n. Motion of the blood in an artery. — Leguminous plants. Pump. n. An engine to raise water. — A kind of shoe. Punch, n. A blunt tool to strike holes. — A mixed liquor. — A buffoon. Pupil, n. The apple of the eye. — A scholar. — A ward. Purchase, v. To buy. — n. Convenience for Using force. Quarter, n. A fourth part. — Mercy granted by a conqueror. — Eight bushels. — v. To lodge soldiers. Race. n. A generation. — A course at running. Rail. n. A bar of wood or iron. — v. To utter reproaches; to scoff. Ram. n. A male sheep. — v. To drive in violently. Rank. a. Luxuriant. — Rancid. — n. A row. — Dignity. Rash. a. Hasty. — n. A breaking out. Rear. n. The hinder part. — v. To raise up. — To educate. Render, n. One who tears. — v. To return. — To yield. Rent. n. A tear. — An annual payment. Resolution, n. Act of separating into parts. — Determination. Rest. n. Repose. — Remainder. Right, a. True. — Straight. — Not left. — n. Justice. — Just claim. Ring. n. A circle. — v. To sound a bell, &c. Rock. n. A vast mass of stone. — v. To shake. Roe. n. A female deer. — The eggs of fish. Rose. n. A sweet-scented flower. — v. Did rise. Rue. n. A plant. — v. To regret. Rush. n. A plant. — v. To move with violence. Sack. n. A bag. — A sort of wine. — v. To pillage. Sage. n. A plant. — a. Wise. Sash. n. A silken band.- — A window frame. Saw. n. A toothed cutting instrument. — A proverb. — v. Did see. Scale, n. A balance. — Graduation. — A little shell on a fish's skin. — v. To climb. — To peel off in thin pieces. Seal. n. The sea-calf. — A stamp. 118 EQUIVOCAL WORDS. Season, n. One of the four parts of the year. — A fit time. — v. To give a relish to. See. n. The diocess of a bishop. — v. To view. Set. v. To place. — To bring to a fine edge. — To fall below the horizon. — n. A number of things suited to each other. Shed. n. A slight, covered building. — v. To let fall, to spill. Shoal. n. A great multitude. — A sand bank. — a. Shallow. Smelt, n. A small sea-fish. — v. To melt ore. — Did smell. Sole. n. The bottom of the foot. — A small sea-fish. — a. Only. Sound, n. A noise. — A shallow sea. — A probe. — a. Hearty.-— Uninjured. — v. To try depth. [liquor. Spirit, n. The soul of man. — Courage. — An inflammable distilled Spring, n. One of the four seasons. — An elastic body. — A leap. — A fountain. — v. To arise. — To grow. Steep, a. Much inclined. — v. To soak. Steer, n. A young bullock. — v. To direct a course. Stem. 11. A stalk. — v. To oppose a current. Stern, a. Severe. — n. The hind part of a ship. Stick, ii. A slender piece of wood. — v. To adhere. — To stab. Still, a. Quiet. — v. To calm. — n. A vessel for distilling. — adv. To this time. — conj. Notwithstanding. Strain, v. To filter. — To sprain. — n. A violent effort. — A song. Succeed, v. To follow. — To prosper. Suffer, v. To permit, to allow. — To endure, to bear. Suit. n. A set. — Courtship. — Prosecution. — v. To fit. Swallow, n. A bird. — v. To take down the throat. Table, n. A board used for meals, &c. — An index. Tack. v. To join.— To turn a ship. — n. A little nail. Taper, n. A wax candle. — a. Regularly narrowed. Tender, n. An attendant. — a. Soft. — -v. To offer. Till. v. To cultivate. — n. A money-box. — adv. To the time when. Toll. n. An excise of goods. — v. To ring a bell. Top. n. The highest part of anything. — A boy's plaything. Treat, v. To negociate. — To discourse. — n. A feast. Tumbler, n. A posture-master.- — A large drinking-glass. Turtle, ii. A species of dove. — The sea-tortoise. Usher, v. To introduce. — n. An under-teacher. Utter, v. To speak. — a. Extreme. Vault, n. A cellar. — v. To leap. Vice. n. Wickedness. — An iron screw-press. Wages, n. Pay to servants. — v. Carries on. Well. n. A deep narrow pit of water. — a. In good health. Yard. n. Enclosed ground by a house. — A measure of three feet. — The support of the sails of a ship. PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 119 CHAPTER III. DERIVATION. Words are either primitive or derivative. Primitive words are such as are not formed from any sim- pler English words ; as, bread, wine, light. Derivatives are such as are formed from simpler English words ; as, goodness, teacher, workmanship. Primitive nouns, adjectives, and verbs, have various end- ings : as, man, garden, horse ; hot, broad, wise ; live, teach, work. Sometimes the same word, is either a noun, a verb, or an adjective: as, salt, light :— sometimes a noun or a verb: as judge, love : — sometimes an adjective or a verb ; as, warm, ex- act. Nouns are derived from verbs, adjectives, and other nouns : thus, from write, writer: from stand, standard; from hard, hardship ; from true, truth ; from office, officer ; from station, stationer and stationery. Adjectives are derived from nouns and verbs : thus, from man/manly ; from fruit, fruitful ; from courage, courageous ; from perish, perishable ; from dedicate, dedicatory ; from con- sist, consistent. Verbs are derived from nouns and adjectives: thus, from circle, to encircle ; from fame, to defame ; from human, to hu- manize ; from large, to enlarge. Participles are derived from verbs. Present participles al- ways end in ing : as, washing, reading. Past participles, when regular, end in ed : as, washed, formed ; when not regu- lar, they end variously : as, taught, wrote, drawn, done, round. Adverbs are frequently derived from adjectives, by the ad- dition of ly: as, from sweet, sweetly. Some words are primitives in English, although derived from foreign derivatives : thus, paternal, from the Latin pater- nus, fatherly ; from pater, a father. As many English words are derived from Latin and Greek compounds, a List of the principal Prepositions that enter into composition is here exhibited ; together with examples show- ing the manner in which they are used. Some of these Prepositions, especially ad and in, change their last letter, that they may more easily unite with the first letter of the syllable to which they are prefixed ; thus, annex instead of adnex ; import for inport, &c, as may be seen below. LATIN PREPOSITIONS. A, ab, abs, from or away ; as, avert, to turn from ; abduce, to lead away ; abstain, to keep from. 120 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. Ad, to or at ; as, adhere, to stick to ; ac, as, acquire, to gain ; of, as, affable, that may be spoken to ; ag, as, aggressor, an assailant ; al, as, alliance, a union ; an, as, announce, to de- clare ; op, as, appeal, to call to ; as, as, assent, to agree to ; g r§ 32 1 Three hundred and twenty-one S §" • § iB 4" 3 2 1 4 Thousand 321 g m 5 4 3 2 1 54 Thousand 321 § 6 5 4 3 2 1 654 Thousand 321 w 7 654 321 7 Millions 654 thousand 321 . 87 654 321 87 Millions 654 thousand 321 987 65 4 321 987 Millions 654 thousand 321 The above table is comprised in the following one. Units i-O Tens Units. Hundreds ■■»"«) Thousands - - - - rf ■ ~) Tens of thousands - - 10 > Thousands. Hundreds of thousands } Tens of millions - - oo > Millions. Hundreds of millions - ^ j MULTIPLICATION TABLE. Twice 3 times 4 times 5 times 6 times 7 times 1 make 2 1 make 3 1 make 4 1 make 5 1 make 6 1 make 7 2 4 2 6 2 8 2 10 2 12 2 14 3 6 3 9 3 12 3 15 3 18 3 21 4 8 4 12 4 16 4 20 4 24 4 28 5 10 5 15 5 20 5 25 5 30 5 35 6 12 6 ]8 6 24 6 30 6 36 6 42 7 14 7 21 7 28 7 35 7 42 7 49 8 16 8 24 8 32 8 40 8 48 8 56 9 18 9 27 9 36 9 45 9 54 9 63 10 20 10 30 10 40 10 50 10 60 10 70 11 22 11 33 11 44 11 55 11 66 11 77 12 24 12 36 12 48 12 60 12 72 12 84 8 times 9 times 10 times 11 times 12 times 1 make 8 1 make 9 1 make 10 1 make 1 1 1 make 12 2 16 2 18 2 20 2 . 22 2 24 3 24 3 27 3 30 3 33 3 36 4 32 4 36 4 40 4 44 4 48 5 40 5 45 5 50 5 55 5 60 6 48 6 54 6 60 6 66 6 72 7 56 7 63 7 70 7 77 7 84 8 64 8 72 8 80 8 88 8 96 9 72 9 81 9 90 9 99 9 108 10 80 10 90 10 100 10 110 10 120 11 88 11 99 11 110 11 121 11 132 12 96 12 108 12 120 12 132 12 144 214 PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. FEDERAL MONEY; Or money of the United States. The denominations are, Eagle, Dollar, Dime, Cent, and Mill. 10 mills, [marked m.~\ make 1 cent, [marked ct. 10 cents 10 dimes, or 100 cents 10 dollars - - - - 1 dime, 1 dollar, 1 Eagle, d. D. or E. ENGLISH MONEY. The denominations are, Pound, Shilling, Penny, and Farthing. 4 farthings [qr.~\ make 1 penny, [marked d. 12 pence - - - - 1 shilling, s. 20 shillings - - - 1 pound, I. Farthings are generally written thus : 5=1 farthing. ^=2 farthings, or a half-penny. #=3 farthino-s. PENCE TABLES. d. s. d. d. s. d. s. d. 20 1 8 80 = 6 8 2 = 24 30 2 6 90 7 6 3 36 40 3 4 100 8 4 4 48 50 4 2 110 9 2 5 60 60 5 120 10 6 72 70 5 10 7 84 To reduce pence to cents, add f-. Tc reduce cents to pence, subtract |-. 8 9 10 11 12 d. 96 108 120 132 144 pound, AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. By this weight are weighed things of a coarse drossy nature ; and all metals except silver and gold. The denominations are ton, hundred weight, quarter, ounce, and dram. 16 drams [marked dr.] make 1 ounce, [marked oz. 16 ounces 1 pound, lb. 28 pounds 1 quarter qr. 4 quarters, or 112 lb. - - 1 hundred weight, cwt. 20 hundred weight - - - 1 ton, T. TROY WEIGHT. By this weight, jewels, gold, silver, and liquors, are weighed ; and the denominations are, pound, ounce, pennyweight, and grain. ' 24 grains [marked gr.~\ make 1 pennyweight, [marked dwt. 20 pennyweights - - - 1 ounce, oz. 12 ounces 1 pound, lb. PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. 215 APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. By this weight Apothecaries mix their medicines ; but they buy and sell by avoirdupois weight. The denominations are, pound, ounce, dram, scruple, and grain. 20 grains [gr.] make 1 scruple, marked B. 3 scruples - - - 1 dram, 3. 8 drams - - ^ 1 ounce, gt 12 ounces - - - 1 pound, ife . LONG MEASURE. Long measure is used for lengths and distances. The denominations of which are degree, league, mile, furlong, pole, yard, foot, and inch. 12 inches [marked in.] make 1 foot, [marked ft. 3 feet -------1 yard, yd. 5| yards - 1 rod, pole, or perch, P. 40 poles (or 220 yards) 8 furlongs 3 miles - 60 geographic, or ) 1 furlong, 1 mile, 1 league 1 degree, fur. m. L. 69^ statute miles, 360 degrees, the circumference of the earth. A hand is a measure of 4 inches ; and is used in measuring the height of horses. - A fathom is six feet ; and is used principally in measuring the depth of water. LAND MEASURE, OR SQUARE MEASURE. The denominations of land measure are, acre, rood, square perch, square yard, square foot, and square inch. 144 square inches [marked in.] make 1 square foot, marked/?. 9 square feet -1 square yard, yd. 30£ square yards ------ 1 square perch, P. 40 square perches 1 rood, jR. 4 roods 1 acre, A. CLOTH MEASURE. By this measure cloth, tapes, &c. are measured. The denomina- tions are, English and French ell, yard, Flemish ell, Hamburg ell, quarter of a yard, nail and inch. 2-4: inches [marked in.] make 1 nail, [marked n. 4 nails - -1 quarter, qr. 2\ quarters, or 10 nails - 1 ell Hamburg, e. H. 3 quarters - 1 ell Flemish, e. F. 4 quarters - 1 yard, yd. 5 quarters 1 ell English or French, e. E. e. F. CUBIC OR SOLID MEASURE. By this measure is ascertained the solid content of stone, timber, &c. and the denominations are, cubic yard, cubic foot, and cubic inch. 1728 cubic inches [marked cu. in.] make 1 cubic foot, [marked cu.ft. 27 cubic feet -------1 cubic yard, cu. yd. 128 cubic feet - - 1 cord of wood or bark, cd. 216 - PROGRESSIVE SPELLING-BOOK. LIQUID MEASURE. This measure is used for beer, cider, wine, &c. The denomina- tions are, tun, pipe or butt, hogshead, tierce, barrel, gallon, quart and pint. 2 pints [marked pt.~\ make 1 quart, [marked qt. 4 quarts. ----- 1 gallon, gal. 31^ gallons ----- 1 barrel, bar. 42 gallons - - - - - 1 tierce, tier. 63 gallons 1 hogshead hhd. 2 hogsheads - - - - 1 pipe or butt, p. b. 2 pipes or butts v - - - 1 tun, T. DRY MEASURE. This measure is used for grain, fruit, salt, &c. and the denomina- tions are, bushel, peck, quart and pint. 2 pints [marked pt.] make 1 quart, [marked qt. 8 quarts ----- 1 peck, pk. 4 pecks ----- 1 bushel, bu. TIME. The denominations of Time are, year, month, week, day, hour, minute, and second. 60 seconds [marked sec] make 1 minute, [marked min. 60. minutes -------1 hour, hr. 24 hours 1 day, da. 7 days 1 week, wk. 4 weeks 1 lunar month, lu. mo. 13 lunar months, 1 day, 6 hours, } 12 calendar months, or > 1 year yr. 365 days and 6 hours, ) The number of days contained in each calendar month may be found in any common almanac, and is aleo stated in the following lines, viz : The fourth, eleventh, ninth and sixth, We thirty days to each affix, And ev'ry other thirty-one, Except the second month alone, To which we twenty-eight assign, Till leap year gives it twenty-nine. Or thus : Thirty days has September, April, June, and November, All the rest have thirty-one. Excepting February alone. To which we twenty-eight assign, Till leap year gives it twenty-nine. When the year can be divided by 4 without remainder, it is a Leap-Year, in which the second month (February) has 29 days. MOTION; OR CIRCULAR MEASURE. The denominations of this measure are, revolution, or circle, sign, degree, minute, and second. 60 seconds [marked "] make 1 minute, [marked ' 60 minutes - - - - - 1 degree, 30 degrees ----- 1 sign, sig. 12 signs 1 revolution. THE END. Having froraf time to fepelling-Beokjpnd ir^i*>, ments i^sjf see*fred v to be requlsitj noW jjUblishedl^n efttfoh of ; it.pi stefeo^pQ.pJatVsJjSc! in *8tpap< new 5 'Sy^m*^^ , : ij and is Aift1j# page-.tor^.p^ lit 3t?j.afrfin&l f rr -#. >. \v# rTif *: 1 /* V