4 '0 *c*<^Oc 



THE 

ON SCHOOL SPELLER; 

IN .VHICH 

ABOUT 14,000 WORDS ^/^^ 

OF THE 

GLISH LANGUAGE 

ARE CAREFULLY ARRANGED 

ACCORDING TO THEIR 

FORM, OR OTHER CHARACTERISTICS. 

BY 

WILLIAM B. FOWLE. 




BOSTON 
JLISHED BY WM. B. FOWLE AND N. CAPEN. 



1S42. 






/ 



"5 



5 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

#| ha ? fyw¥ lf $|° | 

| -£3^ $% 



! UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.! 










THE 

COMMON SCHOOL SPELLER; 

IN WHICH 

ABOUT 14,000 WORDS 

OF THE 

ENGLISH LANGUAGE 

ARE CAREFULLY ARRANGED 

ACCORDING TO THEIR 

SOUND, FORM, OR OTHER CHARACTERISTICS, 

SO THAT THE 

DIFFICULTIES OF ENGLISH ORTHOGRAPHY 
ARE GREATLY DIMINISHED, 

AND THE 

MEMORY OF THE PUPIL IS GREATLY AIDED 

BY 

CLASSIFICATION AND ASSOCIATION. 



; " 



BY WILLIAM B. FOWLE, 

LATE PRINCIPAL OF THE FEMALE MONITORIAL SCHOOL IN BOSTON, 

AND AUTHOR OF THE COMMON SCHOOL GRAMMAR, PRIMARY 

READER, BIBLE READER, AND OTHER SCHOOL BOOKS, 

IN FRENCH AND ENGLISH. 



BOSTON: 



PUBLISHED BY WM. B. FOWLE AND N. CAPEN, 

No. 184 Washington Street. 

1842. 






* 1 • 




ENTERED 

ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, IN THE VEAR 1842, BY 

WILLIAM B. FOWLE, IN THE CLERK'S OFFICE OF THE DISTRICT 

COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS. 






j& 



STEREOTYPED AT THE 
BOSTON TYPE AND STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY. 



PREFACE 



In presenting a new Spelling Book to a community 
whose favor has already been claimed by too many 
works of the kind, it is proper for the author to 
state what he considers the defects of other spelling 
books, and the peculiar advantages of his own. 






In the first place, then, it has been the practice to 
fill spelling books with matter as out of place there as 
a lesson of orthography would be in a Fourth-of-July 
oration ! Not contented with interspersing reading 
lessons, which have no bearing upon the preceding 
spelling lessons, it is not unusual to see an abridgment 
of grammar, or arithmetic, or both, inserted. This 
may have been necessary when the Bible and Spelling 
Book were the only library of seven eighths of our 
New England families ; but it is no longer so, and the 
almost infinite variety of reading books adapted to the 
capacities of children, and more appropriate than the 
lessons of any spelling book can pretend to be, author- 
izes us, as society advances, to separate these branches 
of study. Elocution is more intimately connected with 
reading than reading is with orthography ; but the 
advanced state of instruction in this community has 
already said that reading books must not be encum- 
bered with rhetorical rules. The author is aware that 
there may be a difference of opinion in regard to the 



omission of judicious reading lessons, (if there be any 
of this description,) in spelling oooks for the use of 
children just beginning to read ; but he thinks there can 
be no doubt as to the propriety of omitting them in 
spelling books designed for classes which have already 
learned to read, and nine tenths of the classes that 
use spelling books in our common schools are of this 
description. 

In the second place, our most popular spelling books 
have entirely mistaken the capacities of children, by 
expecting too much and too little from them. To 
guard the child against any mistake in pronunciation, 
our spelling books have been filled with marks, accents, 
and figures, to denote the pronunciation of every word, 
however simple. By thus affixing marks to words, 
which the intercourse of children in society, and their 
necessary use of language, would prevent their ever 
pronouncing wrong, (and more than half the words of 
our language are of this description,) the capacity of 
the child is underrated, while it is puzzled about what 
before seemed perfectly plain. 

On the other hand, the free use of any system for 
noting the pronunciation of words in a spelling book, if 
made in the expectation of its being used by children, 
is made in vain, and the capacity of the child is over- 
rated. Few persons have had a better opportunity 
than the author of this Spelling Book to test the truth 
of this opinion. An intimate acquaintance with the 
schools of Boston, from the primary to the highest, as 
a pupil, teacher, and overseer; the opinion of every 



disinterested instructer with whom he is acquainted ; a 
careful study of every spelling book, from that of Dr. 
Watts to those of our times ; and the actual use of the 
most popular in his own school, where the alphabet, as 
well as the higher branches, was always taught; — 
these circumstances have satisfied him that no very 
young children, and very few children of any age, can 
understand or make use of any system for marking 
the pronunciation. 

But the use of such a system might be tolerated in 
a spelling book, for the benefit which many instructers 
might derive from it, were it not productive of the 
most serious evil. Relying upon this supposed power 
of marking every sound, the authors of spelling books 
have paid little or no attention to the proper classification 
of words ; and, consequently, the aid of Association, 
on which, more than on any thing else, children depend 
for the acquisition and retention of every kind of 
knowledge, is lost. The words in such books are 
carelessly thrown into a heap, with a mark upon their 
backs ; and it is not uncommon to meet with words 
having fifty or sixty different characteristics in the same 
table or lesson. 



In this Spelling Book, the words are so classed in 
regard to sound, or some other prominent characteris- 
tic, that few or no marks are needed. All words that 
resemble each other are brought together; and a 
short acquaintance with the book will enable a person 
to find most words as readily as in a dictionary. It is 
astonishing how the number of anomalous and difficult 



words appears to be diminished by the simple effect of 
classification. A careless observer of the heavens sees 
countless stars in utter confusion ; but classification 
reduces their host to a small number, and renders a 
familiar acquaintance with all that are visible no 
difficult attainment. 

The vocabulary is believed to be more copious and 
select than that of any other spelling book. It has 
fewer proper names than some, but it was thought 
improper to insert any but familiar names, that had 
some peculiarity. 

In the division of words into syllables, two objects 
seem desirable, namely, such a division as will most 
nearly indicate the etymology of the word, and such 
as will lead the child most readily to its correct 
pronunciation. Where it was possible, both these 
objects have been secured; but whenever a rigid 
adherence to etymology would have led the child to a 
wrong pronunciation, the author preferred not to press 
that point ; for the true object of a spelling book should 
be to teach orthography and pronunciation, and not 
etymology, except so far as this can be done incident- 
ally, and without injury to the main design. Fortu- 
nately, the cases are not numerous in which these 
great objects clash with each other ; and a bias towards 
either would not prevent the acquisition of the true 
orthography. 

In orthography, Johnson and Worcester have been 
taken as guides ; and in pronunciation, Walker has been 



followed as far as was consistent with the best usage 
in this country and in his own. 

In fine, to give a distinct idea of the principles on 
which this Spelling Book is formed, the author re- 
spectfully submits, as the result of his long experience 
and observation, the following 



AXIOMS. 

1. The true way to learn the meaning of words is 
to employ them in reading, conversation, and compo- 
sition ; as the best way to acquire a correct knowl- 
edge of other tools is to use them. 

2. The true way to learn the spelling of words is 
to examine them, analyze them, and reconstruct them ; 
as the best way to get at the construction of a machine 
of many parts is to take it to pieces, and not to keep 
it in motion. 

3. A knowledge of the meaning of words does not 
lead to their correct orthography ; for ninety-nine in a 
hundred understand the meaning of words that only 
one in the hundred can spell correctly. The best 
spellers are printers, who pay little or no regard to the 
meaning of the types they set up. 

4. It does not facilitate these two important objects 
to unite them in what are called Definition Spelling 
Books and Dictionaries ; for, by thus fixing the mind 
upon two distinct objects, neither receives the necessary 
degree of attention. 

5. In learning to spell, as in learning botany, or 
mineralogy, the more exact the classification, the more 



easily the words or names are learned, and the more 
effectually impressed upon the memory. 

6. Words placed alphabetically, as in dictionaries 
and definition spelling books, are no more classed than 
the buildings in a long street are classed because they 
are consecutively numbered. 

7. Words promiscuously placed, as in common 
spelling books, though marked with letters, accents, 
figures, and other contrivances to denote their pronun- 
ciation, are no more classed than the scattered plants 
in a flower garden that happen to be labelled. 

8. Words arranged according to the number of their 
syllables, are no more classed than animals would be 
if arranged according to their sizes, when other more 
important specific differences are disregarded. 

9. Association is the best aid to memory, and this 
aid depends mainly upon classification. Words, like 
men, are best known by the company they keep. 

10. A spelling book that assorts and classes the 
words of a language according to their distinctive 
differences, is naturally and philosophically constructed, 
and must effect more than any other in disciplining 
the mind, while it teaches a correct orthography and 
pronunciation. 

WILLIAM B. FOWLE. 

Boston, May, 1842. 



9 



INDEX 

TO THE 

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CLASSES 

INTO WHICH 
THE WORDS OF THIS SPELLING BOOK ARE DIVIDED. 



The author would gladly have included in one 
lesson all words having the same characteristic ; but, 
as such an arrangement would have brought some 
of the longest words into the earliest lessons, it was 
thought more prudent to divide some of the classes, 
and place the more difficult words last, so as to 
present an easy gradation of difficulties. When 
the pupils are duly prepared, the teacher, by the 
aid of this Index, can easily give them the several 
parts of any Class in succession. 



Classes. CHARACTERISTICS. Pages. 

1. A long, as in Fate, .... 13, 31, 84, (94, 161.) 

2. A short, as in Fat, 14, 32, 85, (122.) 

3. E long, as in Me, 16, 33, 86. 

4. E short, as in Met, 16, 34, 86. 

5. I long, as in Pine, 17, 35, 87, (109.) 

6. I short, as in Pin, 18, 37, 88, (93.) 

7. O long, as in No, 19, 38, 89. 

8. O short, as in Not, 20, 39, 90. 

9. U long, as in Cube, 21, 40, 90. 

10. U short, as in Tub, 21, 41, 91, (113.) 

11. Y long, like I in Pine, 23, 42, 95. 

12. Y short, like I in Pin, .... 42, 99, 120, 135. 

13. A as in Far and Fast, 23, 43, 104. 



10 



Classes. CHARACTERISTICS. Pages. 

14. A as in All, 22, 44. 

15. AI as long A in Fate, 24, 45, 128. 

16. AU like A in All, 24, 46, 129. 

17. AW like A in All, 25, 47. 

18. AY and EY like long A in Fate, .... 25, 47. 

19. EE like long E in Me, . . . 25, 48, 129. 

20. EA like long E in Me, 26, 48, 130. 

21. EW like long U in Cube, 27, 49. 

22. IE and EI like long E in Me, . . . 27, 50, 130. 

23. IE like long I in Pine, 27. 

24. O as in Nor, 27, 50, 104. 

25. OO as in Cool, 28, 51. 

26. OO as U in Bull, 28,51. 

27. OA as long O in No, 28, 52, 131. 

28. OW as long O in No, , 29, 52. 

29. OE as long O in No, 29. 

30. OU as long O in No, 29, 52. 

31. OU as in Bound, 29, 53, 131. 

32. OW as in Now, 30, 53, 132. 

33. OI as in Oil, 30, 54, 132. 

34. OY as in Boy, 30, 54. 

35. U as in Bull, 31, 55. 

36. A as O short in Not, 45. 

37. A and AI as in Care and Air, 46. 

38. O as OO in Cool, 55. 

39. IGH as I long in Pine, ............ 56. 

40. O like U short in Tub, 57, 123. 

41. OU like U short in Tub, 58, 126. 

42. I like U short in Tub, 59. 

43. E final, not lengthening preceding vowels, 60, 110. 

44. E silent before final N, as in Sadden, .... 61. 

45. E silent before L, and after L and R, 62, 1 14, 133. 

46. ED and ING added to verbs ending in E, 64, 118. 

47. Double Consonants retained in Compounds, . 70. 

48. Single Consonants doubled token a syllable 

is added, 72. 

49. Words containing Doubled Consonants, 76, 166. 

50. WH at the beginning of words, 79. 

51. A final as Ah, 80, 113, 114, 122. 

52. Words ending in ENT and ENCE, . . 80, 136. 

53. UE and EU as long U in Cube, 81. 

54. UI as long I, short 1, long U, and OO, .... 82. 



11 



Classes. CHARACTERISTICS. Pages. 

55. EA as E in Met, A in Care, in Fate, 

and in Far, 82, 132. 

56. I, at the end of unaccented syllables, as 

in Pin, 92, 111, 112, 120. 

57. SM like ZM at the end of words, 94. 

58. A like U short in But, 105, 159. 

59. ER like UR in Curl, 108. 

60. IZE andlSE at the end of words, 109. 

61. G hard before E,I,andY, 119. 

62. Sfolloioed by C, as in Scene, 139. 

63. TION, SION, and CIAN , pronounced Shun, 141. 

64. ION as Yun andXJx, 148. 

65. TIOUS, CIOUS, and CEOUS, like Shus, . 149. 

66. TI and CI like Sh, 150. 

67. IA as Ya, IE as Ye, IO as Yo, 151. 

6S. GE and GI as J, 152. 

69. TI, CI, and SCI, as She, 153. 

70. S as Sh and Zh, 154. 

71. T as Ch, 155. 

72. DI as Je, 155. 

73. X as Gz, 155. 

74. Q,U as if preceded by C, 156. 

75. C ana* G so/if before E area* I, 157. 

76. CH hard, UkeK, 162. 

77. PH like F, 163. 

78. SH before R, as in Shrill, 165. 

79. N nasal, UkeNa, 172. 

80. EI as A long, E short, and I short, .... 173. 

81. AI as E short and I short; AU as A in 

Far ; IA as I in Pin; U as W ; AGE 

and EGE as Idge, 173. 

82. Words containing Silent Letters, 175. 

83. French Sounds of QJJ, OU, CH, and I, . . 178. 

84. Proper Names of Persons, Places, Sfc, . . 180. 

85. Irregular Words, 183. 

86. Words alike in Pronunciation, 1S8. 

87. Words misused for each other, 197. 



APPENDIX. 

! Punctuation, Abbreviations, and Numbers, 199 — 204. 



12 



! 

THE ALPHABET. 


ROMAN, OR UPRIGHT LETTERS. 


ABGDEFGHI 


abcdefghi 


JKLMNOPQR 


jklmnopqr 


STUVWXYZ 


s t u v w x y z 


ITALIC, OR LEANING LETTERS. 


ABCDEFGHI 


abcdefghi 


JKLMNOPQR 


jklmnopqr 


STUVWXYZ 


s t u v w x y z 


VOWELS. 


A E I U Y — a e i o u y . 


CONSONANTS. 


BCDFGHJKLMNPQRSTVWXZ 


bed fghjklmnpqr s tvwxz 



13 



THE 



COMMON SCHOOL SPELLER. 



NOTICE. 

In this Spelling Book, the only marks used are the long 
accent ( — ) and the short ( ^ ), to mark long and short vowels 
when the words have more than one characteristic ; and the 
acute accent ( ' ), which is occasionally used to mark an 
accented syllable, when it differs from the rest of the Class. 

When th is sounded as in the word this, it is printed in 
Italic or leaning type. 

When s has the sound of z, it is printed in Italic type. 

Letters that are silent, or not sounded, are printed in Italic 
type, unless the description of the Class renders this unneces- 
sary. 

The description of every Class, with the directions for 
pronouncing the words, should be read to the pupils, and 
carefully explained, before they are required to spell the lesson, 
or even to study it, especially if the pupils be very young. 

If a whole Class should be too much for a lesson, the 
teacher is requested to give one or more columns at a time, 
and not any number of lines across the page, which would 
destroy the arrangement 



Class 1. 

(This Class is continued on page 31.) 

Words of one syllable, in which A has its long sound, as 
in the alphabet, or in the word Fate. 

babe space jade spade age 

ace race shade grade cage 

face brace lade trade page 

lace grace blade wade rage 

mace trace glade safe sage 

pace fade made chafe stage 



14 





wage 


pale 


cape 


late 


crave 




ake 


scale 


shape 


plate 


grave 




bake 


gale 


nape 


mate 


save 




cake 


came 


crape 


pate 


stave 




lake 


dame 


scrape 


rate 


wave 




flake 


fame 


grape 


crate 


gaze 




slake 


game 


tape 


prate 


haze 




make 


shame 


case 


sate 


blaze 




snake 


lame 


vase 


scate 


glaze 




spake 


blame 


chase 


slate 


maze 




shake 


flame 


baste 


state 


braze 




quake 


name 


haste 


cave 


craze 




rake 


frame 


chaste 


gave 


graze 




drake 


same 


paste 


shave 


change 




sake 


tame 


taste 


lave 


range 




take 


bane 


date 


slave 


strange 




stake 


crane 


fate 


pave 


bathe 




wake 


sane 


gate 


rave 


swathe 




dale 


ape 


hate 


brave 


lathe 








Class 2. 








(This Class is continued 


on page 32.) 






Words of 


' one syllable, in which A has its short sound, 






as 


in the word Fat. 






dab 


smack 


had 


badge 


rag 




blab 


pack 


lad 


fadge 


crag 




crab 


rack 


clad 


bag 


brag 




stab 


crack 


glad 


fag 


drag 




back 


track 


mad 


g a g 


tag 




hack 


sack 


pad 


hag 


stag 




lack 


quack 


shad 


lag 


shag 




black 


act 


brad 


flag 


wag 




clack 


tact 


sad 


nag 


shalt 




slack 


tract 


add 


snag 


shall 



15 



talc 


dance 


lank 


lash 


mast 


alp 


chance 


blank 


clash 


past 


scalp 


lance 


clank 


flash 


vast 


valve 


glance 


plank 


slash 


at 


am 


prance 


rank 


plash 


bat 


ham 


trance 


crank 


splash 


cat 


sham 


blanch 


prank 


rash 


fat 


jam 


stanch 


sank 


crash 


gat 


clam 


branch 


bank 


thrash 


hat 


flam 


bang 


thank 


sash 


chat 


cram 


fang 


shank 


ask 


that 


dram 


gang 


cap 


bask 


flat 


camp 


hang 


hap 


cask 


plat 


damp 


clang 


chap 


flask 


mat 


champ 


rang 


lap 


mask 


pat 


lamp 


sang 


clap 


task 


rat 


clamp 


tang: 


flap 


asp 


brat 


cramp 


twang 


slap 


gasp 


sprat 


tramp 


ant 


map 


hasp 


sat 


stamp 


cant 


nap 


clasp 


vat 


ban 


scant 


snap 


rasp 


batch 


can 


plant 


rap 


grasp 


catch 


scan 


rant 


trap 


ass 


hatch 


fan 


grant 


strap 


lass 


thatch 


than 


and 


scrap 


class 


latch 


clan 


band 


sap 


glass 


match 


plan 


hand 


tap 


mass 


snatch 


man 


land 


apt 


pass 


patch 


pan 


bland 


has 


brass 


scratch 


span 


sand 


ash 


grass 


hath 


ran 


stand 


cash 


cast 


have 


bran 


strand 


dash 


fast 


flax 


tan 


gland 


gash 


last 


tax 


van 


brand 


hash 


blast 


wax 

! 



16 







Class 3, 








(Continued on page 33.) 




Words of 


one syllable, in which 


E has its 


long sound, 


ai 


in the alphabet, or in 


the word Me. 


she 


thest 


\ theme 


glebe 


the 


eke 


mere 


breve 






Class 4 








(Continued on page 34.) 




Words in which E has its short sound, as in the word Met. 


web 


ledge 


elk 


melt 


hence 


ebb 


fledge 


yelk 


smelt 


thence 


beck 


pledge 


ell 


pelt 


pence 


deck 


sledge 


bell 


belch 


bench 


check 


wedge 


dell 


delve 


clench 


neck 


dredge 


fell 


helve 


drench 


peck 


heft 


shell 


shelve 


trench 


speck 


theft 


smell 


twelve 


quench 


reck 


left 


spell 


gem 


bend 


sect 


cleft 


sell 


hem 


fend 


bed 


reft 


tell 


them 


lend 


fed 


weft 


well 


stem 


blend 


shed 


e gg 


dwell 


hemp 


mend 


led 


beg 


swell 


den 


spend 


bled 


keg 


yell 


fen 


rend 


fled 


leg 


quell 


hen 


send 


sled 


P e g 


elm 


then 


tend 


red 


dregs 


helm 


ken 


vend 


bred 


held 


help 


glen 


wend 


shred 


weld 


kelp 


men 


lens 


wed 


elf 


yelp 


pen 


dense 


zed 


pelf 


else 


ten 


sense 


edge 


self 


belt 


wen 


tense 


hedge 


shelf 


felt 


fence 


bent 



17 



lent 


wept 


dress 


chest 


fret 


pent 


swept 


press 


quest 


set 


spent 


depth 


tress 


test 


wet 


rent 


flesh 


stress 


vest 


jet 


tent 


mesh 


best 


west 


etch 


vent 


fresh 


jest 


zest 


ketch 


went 


thresh 


lest 


bat 


sketch 


tenth 


desk 


blest 


get 


stretch 


step 


chess 


nest 


jet 


sex 


kept 


less 


pest 


let 


vex 


slept 


bless 


rest 


net 


next 


crept 


mess 


crest 


pet 


text 






Class 5. 








(Continued on page 


35.) 




Words in 


which I has its long sound, as in 
or in the word Pine. 


the alphabet, 


gibe 


twice 


dike 


dime 


brine 


bribe 


bide 


like 


chime 


tine 


scribe 


hide 


pike 


lime 


wine 


tribe 


chide 


spike 


slime 


swine 


ice 


glide 


strike 


crime 


twine 


dice 


slide 


bile 


prime 


vine 


lice 


ride 


file 


time 


bind 


slice 


bride 


mile 


fine 


find 


splice 


pride 


smile 


chine 


hind 


mice 


stride 


pile 


shine 


kind 


nice 


side 


spile 


thine 


blind 


spice 


wide 


tile 


kine 


mind 


rice 


fife 


stile 


line 


rind 


price 


life 


vile 


mine 


grind 


trice 


rife 


wile 


nine 


wind 


thrice 


strife 


wild 


pine 


pipe 


vice 


wife 


child 


spine 


snipe 



2* 



18 



ripe 


hire 


cite 


five 


wives 


gripe 


mire 


kite 


hive 


strives 


tripe 


sire 


mite 


rive 


rise 


stripe 


spire 


smite 


drive 


wise 


wipe 

ire 

dire 


tire 

wire 

squire 


spite 
quite 
trite 


strive 
thrive 
shrive 


size 

prize 

bli^e 


fire 


bite 


dive 


lives 


ti^Ae 






Class 6. 








(C 


antinuod on page 


37.) 




Words i 


n which I has its short sound, as in the word Pin. 


bib 
fib 


bid 
did 


sift 
swift 


pill 

spill 


bilge 
filch 


jib 


hid 


fifth 


rill 


milch 


glib 


kid 


big 


drill 


filth 


nib 


lid 


dig 


frill 


dim 


rib 


mid 


fig 


trill 


skim 


crib 


rid 


jig 


thrill 


slim 


rich 
thick 


squid 
ridge 


Fg 
rig 


till 
still 


rim 
brim 


kick 
lick 


bridge 
didst 


brig 
sprig 


quill 
will 


grim 
trim 


klick 


midst 


wig 


swill 


swim 


pick 

rick 

brick 

trick 

sick 

tick 


width 

if 

skiff 

cliff 

miff 

stiff 


twig 

ill 

bill 

fill 

gill 

hill 


milk 

silk 

film 

hilt 

jilt 

milt 


limp 

pimp 

crimp 

glimpse 

din 

fin 


stick 


gift 


chill 


tilt 


gin 


wick 


lift 


kill 


stilt 


thin 


quick 
strict 


drift 
thrift 


skill 
mill 


quilt 
wilt 


chin 
shin 



19 



kin 


bring 


dint 


tip 


fit 




skin 


spring 


hint 


is 


hit 




spin 


string 


lint 


his 


flit 




sin 


sing 


flint 


this 


split 




tin 


sting 


mint 


dish 


slit 




win 


wing 


print 


fish 


pit 




twin 


swing 


tint 


wish 


spit 




mince 


hinge 


stint 


disk 


sit 




rince 


singe 


squint 


risk 


quit 




prince 


cringe 


minx 


frisk 


wit 




since 


fringe 


chintz 


lisp 


twit 




quince 


tinge 


dip 


crisp 


with 




wince 


twinge 


hip 


wisp 


pith 




inch 


ink 


chip 


hiss 


withe 




finch 


mink 


ship 


kiss 


smith 




linch 


think 


skip 


bliss 


itch 




clinch 


chink 


Hp 


miss 


ditch 




flinch 


link 


clip 


cist 


hitch 




pinch 


blink 


flip 


fist 


flitch 




winch 


clink 


slip 


list 


pitch 




thing 


pink 


nip 


mist 


stitch 




king 


brink 


rip 


grist 


witch 




cling 


drink 


drip 


wist 


switch 




fling 


sink 


trip 


twist 


fix 




sling 


wink 


scrip 


it 


mix 




rins 


zinc 


strip 


bit 


six 








Class 7. 










(Continued on page 


38.) 






Words in 


which O has its long or 


alphabet sound, as in 








the word No 








g° 


robe 


bode 


node 


coke 




lobe 


probe 


code 


rode 


choke 




globe 


ode 


mode 


strode 


joke i 





20 



smoke 


troll 


hope 


yore 


post 


poke 


stroll 


slope 


force 


cote 


spoke 


bolt 


mope 


forge 


mote 


broke 


colt 


pope 


porch 


smote 


stroke 


dolt 


rope 


pork 


note 


joke 


jolt 


grope 


ford 


rote 


old 


dome 


trope 


torn 


vote 


bold 


home 


tope 


shorn 


quote 


cold 


bone 


ore 


port 


quoth 


scold 


cone 


core 


fort 


both 


fold 


hone 


score 


forth 


sloth 


gold 


lone 


gore 


dose 


clo^Ae 


hold 


crone 


lore 


gross 


cove 


sold 


drone 


more 


doze 


hove 


told 


throne 


shore 


hose 


clove 


hole 


prone 


snore 


chose 


rove 


jole 


tone 


pore 


those 


drove 


mole 


stone 


sore 


nose 


grove 


stole 


zone 


tore 


rose 


throve 


roll 


ope 


store 


prose 


strove 


scroll 


cope 


wore 


host 


wove 


droll 


scope 


swore 


most 


stove 






Class 8, 








(Continued on page 


39.) 




Words in 


which O has its short sound, as in the word Not. 


bob 


dock 


crock 


nod 


dodge 


cob 


lock 


. frock 


pod 


lodge 


fob 


block 


sock 


rod 


off 


job 


clock 


shock 


trod 


doff 


mob 


flock 


stock 


sod 


scoff 


rob 


mock 


hod 


odd 


loft 


sob 


pock 


clod 


odds 


soft 


throb 


rock 


plod 


bodge 


bog 



21 



dog 


con 


slop 


dross 


grot 


fog 


bond 


mop 


moss 


trot 


hog 


fond 


pop 


toss 


sot 


jog 


pond 


sop 


cot 


wot 


log 


long 


top 


scot 


cloth 


clog 


song 


crop 


dot 


moth 


flog 


prong 


drop 


got 


broth 


frog 


strong 


prop 


hot 


froth 


grog 


throng 


stop 


jot 


troth 


doll 


thong 


swop 


shot 


botch 


loll 


tongs 


copse 


lot 


notch 


solve 


font 


cost 


blot 


blotch 


yolk 


bronze 


lost 


plot 


scotch 


pomp 


fop 


frost 


not 


crotch 


romp 


hop 


boss 


pot 


ox 


from 


shop 


loss 


spot 


box 


on 


flop 


gloss 


rot 


fox 



Class 9. 

(Continued on page 40.) 

Words in which U has its long sound, as in the alphabet, 
or in the word Cube. 

The teacher is particularly desired to begin aright with this Class, 
for one of the most prevalent corruptions in the United States 
is connected with it, as if the words were .spelled toon, toob, 
&c, instead of tune, tube, &c. 



cube 


puke 


June 


cure 


use 


tube 


pule 


tune 


lure 


fuse 


huge 


fume 


dupe 


pure 


lute 


duke 


plume 


flute 


use 


mute 



Class 10. 

(Continued on page 41.) 

Words in which U has its short sound, as in the toord Tub. 
cub hub club rub grub 

dub chub snub drub scrub 



22 



tub 


bluff 


much 


muff 


such 


snuff 


buck 
duck 


puff 
gruff 


chuck 


stuff 


luck 


tuft 


cluck 
pluck 
truck 


bug 
dug 
hug 


struck 
suck 


j u g 
lug 


tuck 


plug 


duct 
bud 
cud 
scud 


mug 
snug 
tug 
rug 


stud 
mud 


drug 
cull 


suds 


dull 


budge 
fudge 
judge 
drudge 


gull 
hull 
lull 
mull 


grudge 

trudge 

buff 

cuff 

huff 

luff 


null 

pulp 

gulf 

bulge 

pulse 

mulct 



bulk 

hulk 

skulk 

scum 

gum 

hum 

plum 

rum 

drum 

thrum 

swum 

bump 

hump 

thump 

jump 

lump 

plump 

slump 

pump 

stump 

trump 

mumps 

bun 

dun 

fun 

gun 

tun 

stun 

shun 

pun 



spun 

run 

dunce 

bunch 

hunch 

lunch 

munch 

punch 

fund 

bung 

hung 

rung 

sprung 

strung 

sung 

swung 

lungs 

plunge 

spunge 

junk 

drunk 

trunk 

sunk 

hunt 

blunt 

grunt 

up 

cup 

sup 

cur 



fur 

blur 

spur 

burr 

purr 

curb 

lurch 

church 

curd 

surf 

scurf 

turf 

urge 

purge 

surge 

lurk 

curl 

furl 

hurl 

churl 

urn 

burn 

churn 

spurn 

turn 

curse* 

nurse* 

purse* 

burst* 



* Not cuss, nuss, puss, and bust, but with the r distinctly 
sounded, as in the word cur - sing. 



23 



Class 11. 

(Continued on page 42.) 

Words in which Y has the long sound of I in Pine. 

by sly spy pry tyke 

sky shy cry spry type 

fly thy dry try style 

ply my fry sty lyre 



Class 13. 

(Continued on page 43.) 

Words in which A has the sotind of Ah, as in the 
words Far and Fast.* 



bar 


bard 


park 


art 


raft 


car 


card 


spark 


cart 


craft 


scar 


hard 


stark 


dart 


draft 


char 


lard 


marl 


chart 


graft 


jar 


yard 


snarl 


mart 


waft 


mar 


scarf 


arm 


smart 


pant 


spar 


barge 


farm 


par 


chant 


tar 


charge 


harm 


part 


slant 


star 


large 


charm 


tart 


chaff 


barb 


ark 


barn 


start 


quaff 


farce 


bark 


darn 


carve 


staff 


arch 


dark 


carp 


starve 


bath 


larch 


hark 


harp 




path 


march 


shark 


sharp 


aft 


lath 


parch 


lark 


harsh 


haft 


gape 


starch 


mark 


marsh 


shaft 





* In this Class, when the letter r follows the a, the sound is 
fuller than when it is followed by other letters ; the latter sound 
being intermediate between a in fat and a in far. 



24 



Class 14. 

(Continued on page 44.) 

Words in which A is sounded as in the word All. 



call 


squall 


halt 


war 


swarm 


fall 


tall 


malt 


ward 


warn 


Sail 


stall 


salt 


sward 


warp 


hall 


wall 


false 


dwarf 


wart 


mall 


bald 


want 


warm 


quart 


small 


scald 












Class 


15. 








(Continued on 


jage 45.) 




Words 


in which AI has the sound of long 


A in Fate. 


aid 


hail 


aim 


drain 


paint 


laid 


flail 


claim 


gram 


quaint 


plait 


nail 


maim 


sprain 


saint 


maid 


snail 


fain 


tram 


taint 


paid 


quail 


gain 


strain 


bait 


braid 


rail 


chain 


stain 


trait 


staid 


frail 


lain 


wain 


wait 


ail 


trail 


plain 


swain 


faith 


bail 


sail 


slain 


twain 


waist 


fail 


tail 


rain 


faint 


raise 


jail 


wail 


brain 


plaint 


praise 



Class 16. 

(Continued on page 46.) 

Words in which AU is sounded like A in All. 

daub maul paunch clause 

sauce fault craunch pause 

fraud vault cause 



25 



Class 17. 

(Continued on page 47.) 

Words in which AW is sounded like A in All. 



caw 


maw 


squaw 


drawl 


pawn 


jaw 


paw 


hawk 


scrawl 


spawn 


thaw 


raw 


shawl 


sprawl 


brawn 


law 


draw 


yawl 


dawn 


drawn 


claw 


straw 


brawl 


fawn 


yawn 


flaw 


saw 


crawl 


lawn 





Class 18. 

(Continued on page 47.) 

Words in which AY and EY are sounded like long A in 
the word Fate. 



day 
fay 

§ a y 

hay 

lay 

clay 



play 
may 
nay 

P a y 

ray 
bray 



dray 
fray 
gray 
pray 
tray 
stray 



spray 

say 

stay 

stays 

way 

sway 



hey 
they 
prey 
trey 



Class 19. 

(Continued on page 48.) 

Words in which EE has the long sound of 



fee 

lee 

glee 

flee 

free 

tree 

see 



three 

fleece 

beech 

leech 

speech 

deed 

feed 



bleed 

seed 

speed 

breed 

creed 

steed 

weed 



beef 

reef 

cheek 

meek 

seek 

sleek 

reek 



E in Me. 

eel 

feel 

keel 

reel 

deem 

keen 

spleen 



26 



green 


peep 


leer 


sheet 


beeves 


screen 


creep 


sneer 


fleet 


teeth 


teens 


steep 


queer 


sleet 


breeze 


deep 


weep 


seer 


greet 


freeze 


sheep 


sweep 


steer 


street 


sneeze 


keep 


cheer 


veer 


sweet 


squeeze 


sleep 


jeer 


cheese 


sleeve 


screech 






Class 20 


t 






(Continued on page 


48.) 




Words in which EA is sounded like long 


E in Me. 


pea 


peak 


dream 


hear 


least 


flea 


speak 


cream 


blear 


yeast 


plea 


squeak 


scream 


clear 


eat 


tea 


creak 


stream 


smear 


beat 


yea 


screak 


seam 


near 


heat 


each 


freak 


team 


spear 


cheat 


bleach 


streak 


steam 


rear 


bleat 


peach 


weak 


bean 


drear 


cleat 


reach 


tweak 


dean 


year 


peat 


breach 


deal 


lean 


shears 


treat 


preach 


meal 


clean 


beard 


seat 


teach 


seal 


glean 


ease 


neat 


bead 


teal 


wean 


pease 


heath 


lead 


veal 


yean 


please 


sheath 


j plead 


weal 


heap 


tease 


sheave 


i read 


zeal 


cheap 


cease 


breathe 


j sheaf 


squeal 


leap 


lease 


heave 


leaf 


beam 


neap 


crease 


leave 


beak 


fleam 


reap 


east 


cleave 


bleak 


gleam 


ear 


beast 


weave 


sneak 


ream 


fear 


feast 


eaves 



27 







Class 21 






(C 


ontinued on page 


49.) 


Words 2 


n which EW 


is sounded like long U in the word 






Cube. 




few 


clew 


new 


pew stew 


jew 


flew 


news 


grew lewd 


dew 


slew 


newt 


crew mewl 


blew 


mew 






In the following words, EW has the sound of OO in Cool, j 


chew 


brew 


screw 


threw shrewd 






Class 22 






(Continued on page 


50.) 


Words 


in which IE 


and EI are 
in Me. 


sounded like long E 


niece 


brief 


field 


fiend priest 


fief 


grief 


shield 


fierce grieve 


chief 


siege 


wield 


pierce thieve 


thief 


liege 


yield 








Class 23 




Words 


in which IE 


• is sounded like long I in Pine. 


die 


fie hie 


lie 


pie tie vie 






Class 24 






(Continued on page 


50.) 


Words 


in which 


is sounded as in the word Nor. 


for 


cork 


scorn 


gone short 


orb 


fork 


born 


gorge snort 


torch 


stork 


horn 


horse north 


scorch 


form 


thorn 


morse wroth 


cord 


storm 


morn 


sort oft 


lord 


corn 







28 







Class 


25. 








(Continued on 


page 51.) 




Words 


in which ( 


DO is sounded as in the word Cool. 


COO 


pool 


loon 


swoop 


boot 


WOO 


spool 


moon 


boor 


coot 


food 


tool 


spoon 


moor 


hoot 


mood 


boom 


soon 


poor 


shoot 


rood 


doom 


swoon 


choose 


root 


brood 


loom 


coop 


ooze 


tooth 


hoof 


bloom 


scoop 


goose 


boo^ 


roof 


gloom 


loop 


loose 


sooth 


proof 


room 


droop 


moose 


soothe 


woof 


broom 


troop 


noose 


smooth 


cool 


groom 


stoop 


roost 


groove 


fool 


boon 












Class 

(Continued on ] 


26. 

jage 51.) 




Words 


in which OO has a 


shorter sound than in the 


preced 


ing Class, 


and not unlike that of U 


in Bull. 


book 


look 


took 


hood 


foot 


cook 


rook 


wood 


stood 


soot 


hook 


brook 


good 


wool 


hoop 


shook 


crook 












Class 

(Continued on j 


27. 

>age 52.) 




Words 


in which OA is sounded like long 


O in No. 


coach 


load 


oak 


foal 


roam 


poach 


toad 


soak 


goal 


loan 


roach 


woad 


cloak 


shoal 


moan 


broach 


oaf 


croak 


foam 


groan 


goad 


loaf 


coal 


loam 


soap 



29 



oar 


hoard 


goat 


oath 


roast 


boar 


hoarse 


bloat 


loa^e 


toast 


hoar 


oat 


float 


oats 


coax 


soar 


coat 


moat 


boast 


hoax 


board 


boat 


throat 


coast 


loaves 






Class 28 








(Continued on page 


52.) 




Words 


in which OW 25 sounded like long 


O in No. 


mow 


glow 


grow 


own 


sown 


show 


snow 


throw 


blown 


grown 


low 


row 


stow 


flown 


growth 


blow 


crow 


bowl 










Class 29 






Words 


in which OE is sounded like long 


O in No. 


doe foe 


hoe 


roe 


toe 






Class 30 


. 






, (C 


ontinued on page 52.) 




Words 


in which OU is sounded like long 


O in No. 


four 


court 


bourn 


soul 


moult 


pour 


gourd 


mourn 


mould 


source 1 






Class 31 


, 






(C 


ontinued on page 


53.) 




Words i 


n which OU 


is sounded as in the word Bound. 


thou 


crouch 


proud 


bounce 


found 


couch 


vouch 


gouge 


pounce 


hound 


slouch 


loud 


noun 


flounce 


mound j 


pouch 


cloud 


ounce 


bound 


pound 



3* 



30 





round 


fount 


louse 


bout 


spout 






ground 


mount 


mouse 


scout 


sprout 






sound 


our 


souse 


gout 


stout 






wound* 


scour 


spouse 


shout 


mouth 






lounge 


sour 


oust 


snout 


south 






count 


house 


out 














Class 32 












(Continued on page 


53.) 








Words in 


which OW is sounded 


as in the word Now. 






COW 


scow 


scowl 


down 


drown 






how 


brow 


howl 


gown 


frown 






now 


prow 


growl 


clown 


town 






mow 


owl 


prowl 


brown 


browse 






vow 


cowl 


crowd 


crown 












Class 33 












(Continued on page 


54.) 








Words it 


, which OI is sounded 


as in the 


word Oil. 






boil 


broil 


void 


groin 


foist 






coil 


soil 


coif 


joint 


joist 






foil 


toil 


coin 


point 


hoist 






moil 


choice 


join 


noise 


moist 






spoil 


voice 


loin 


poise 


quoit 






roil 


















Class 34 












(C 


ontinued on page 


54.) 








Words in 


which OY is sounded 


as in the word Bor, 








or 


as OI in Oil 








boy 


coy 


j°y 


toy 


cloy 






* Wound 


when it means a hurt, is sometimes 


pronounced 






woond ; but wound, from the verb wine 


l, never is. 







31 





Class 35. 






(Continued on page 55.) 




Words in which U is sounded as in the word Bull. 


full pull push bush puss put 


In the following words, U is sounded like OO in Cool. 


truce 


brute rude prude 


prune 


spruce 


truth crude rule 






Class 1. 






(Continued from page 13, and on page 84.) 


Words in 


which A has its long sound, 
Accented on the first syllable. 


as in Fate. 


ca ret 


ta per cham ber 


gra tis 


la bel 


dra per dan ger 


sla vish 


sa chem 


sera per man ger 


a pril 


na ked 


gra ter stran ger 


an gel 


ha tred 


tra der game ster 


shape less 


sa cred 


ba ker cam brie 


past ry 


ca per 


wa fer ba sis 


a corn 


pa per 
pan cake 


wa ver pa pist 


frus trate 


lo cate mi grate 


fe male 


man date vi brate 


die tate 


sur name 


in mate li brate 


tes tate 


nick name mess mate nar rate 


oc tave 


rats bane 


stag nate fil trate 


con cave 


mun dane 


in grate pros trate 


con clave 


land scape 






A long, as in Fate. 






Accented on the second syllable. 




de face 


dis place em brace 


ar cade 


un lace 


mis place dis grace 


cas cade 


grim ace 


re place re trace 


bro cade 



32 



brig ade 
stock ade 


for sake 
par take 


pro fane 
in sane 


e rase 
dis taste 




block ade 


re take 


ar range 


a bate 




po made 
pa rade 
de grade 
per vade 
in vade 


mis take 
a wake 
re gale 
ex hale 
im pale 


de range 
ex change 
es trange 
es cape 
in flate 


de bate 
se date 
re late 
di late 
en grave 




e vade 


de fame 


es tate 


be have 




un safe 


in flame 


a base 


en slave 




en gage 


mis name 


de base 


a maze 




en rage 












Class 2. 






( 


Continued from page 


14, and on page 85.) 




Words in which A has its short sound, 


as in Fat. 






Accented on th 


e first syllable . 






ab ject 
cab in 


affix 
mag net 


gran dam 
can eel 


grant or 
plan et 




hab it 


sal ad 


pan el 


Ian cet 




fab ric 


tal ent 


can cer 


pan ic 




sab bath 


sal ver 


slan der 


an tic 




tab let 


val id 


bank er 


fran tic 




ac cess 


val et 


cank er 


ran cid 




ac tress 


al um 


hank er 


can did 




ac rid 


am ber 


an ther 


tran quil 




jack et 
pack et 
sack but 


ram bier 
pam per 
tarn per 


pan ther 
an them 
chand ler 


an vil 
ban ish 
van ish 




sack cloth 
black ish 


scam per 
fam ish 


ban ter 
plant er 


van quish 
tran script 




bad ger 


gam bol 


can to 


brand ish 




bad ness 


gam ut 


ant ler 


ban dit 




rad ish 


ran sack 


blank et 


tran sit 





33 



trans pori; 


ar rack 


gas trie 


stat ics 


bank rupt 


ar ras 


mas tiff 


lat in 


thank ful 


clar et 


pass port 


sat in 


dan draff 


mar ry 


pat ent 


mat ins 


chap el 


tar ry 


gath er 


cat nip 


chap ter 


tar iff 


x%th er 


cat sup 


tap ster 


par ish 


lath er 


cav il 


chap let 


ash es 


match less 


spav in 


rap id 


as pen 


satch el 


lav ish 


nap kin 


as pect 


hatch et 


max im 


bap tist 


cask et 


latch et 


ax is 


car at 


mas tic 


patch es 


dis taff 




A short, as 


in Fat. 






Accented on the second syllable. 




en act 


ca bal 


fi nance 


e lapse 


trans act 


ca nal 


ex pand 


re lapse 


re fract 


de camp 


ex panse 


des patch 


ex tract 


en camp 


ro mance 


mo rass 


de tract 


rat an 


de cant 


a bash 


re tract 


jap an 


en chant 


bom bast 


pro tract 


se dan 


im plant 


re past 


ab stract 


di van 


a slant 


era vat 


dis tract 


per chance 


mis hap 


re lax 


sub tract 


mis chance 


a dapt 






Class 3. 






Continued from page 


16, and on page 86. 


) 


Words in 


which E has its long sound, 


as in Me. 




Accented on the 


first syllable. 




pre cept 


le ver 


e ther 


ne gro 


le gend 


e diet 


ze nith 


re bus 


se cret 


pre cinct 


ve to 


ge nus 


me ter 


de ist 


he ro 


con crete 


fe ver 


the ist 


ze ro 





34 





E long, as in Me. 






Accented on the second syllable 




ac cede 


im pede 


sin cere 


aus tere 


con cede 


su preme 


se vere 


re plete 


re cede 


ex treme 


re vere 


com plete 


pre cede 


se rene 


ad here 


se crete 


se cede 


con vene 


co here 






Class 4. 




(Continued from page 


16, and on page 


86.) 


Words in wJiich E has its 


short sound, as in Met. 




Accented on th 


3 first syllable. 




hec tic 


em bers 


skep tic 


jest er 


neck cloth 


em press 


tep id 


pest er 


hedg es 


in gress 


in step 


west em 


cred it 


tern per 


her aid 


fresh et 


wed lock 


tern pest 


er rand 


tress es 


tell tale 


blem ish 


er ror 


res in 


eld er 


mend ed 


ter ror 


thresh old 


eld est 


cen sus 


err ing 


bveth ren 


help er 


fend er 


sher iff 


ne^ er 


shel ter 


ren der 


per il 


teth er 


wel ter 


gen der 


cher ish 


fet lock 


hel met 


ten der 


per ish 


meth od 


vel vet 


slen der 


mer it 


ev er 


celt ic 


trench er 


cher ub 


clev er 


rel ic 


ten et 


bless ed 


nev er 


rel ict 


pen cil 


des pot 


sev er 


rel ish 


ten dril 


fes ter 


ex it 


em blem 


den tist 


ves pers 


spend thrift 


mem ber 


ep ic 







35 





E short 


as in Met. 






Accented on 


the second syllable 




de feet 


ho tel 


in dent 


un dress 


in feet 


him self 


re lent 


con fess 


in ject 


un felt 


la ment 


pro fess 


eject 


de fend 


ce ment 


trans gress 


de ject 


a mend 


fo ment 


ex press 


re ject 


de pend 


re pent 


de press 


pro ject 


im pend 


re sent 


re press 


sub ject 


sus pend 


pre sent 


im press 


neg lect 


ex tend 


con sent 


com press 


se Ject 


pre tend 


por tent 


op press 


re fleet 


in tend 


con tent 


dis tress 


in fleet 


con tend 


ex tent 


re fresh 


ex pect 


por tend 


in tent 


in fest 


in spect 


dis tend 


in vent 


be hest 


re spect 


de fence 


pre vent 


mo lest 


e rect 


com mence in trench 


de test 


de tect 


pre tence 


re trench 


ob test 


pro tect 


in cense 


a venge 


pro test 


ex eel 


con dense 


re venge 


in vest 


ex pel 


im mense 


a dept 


a bet 


re pel 


dis pense 


un wept 


ca det 


im pel 


pro pense 


ex cess 


for get 


com pel 


in tense 


un less 


re gret 


dis pel 


sus pense 


ca ress 


be set 


pro pel 


ex pense 


re dress 






Class 5. 






(Continued from page 17, and on page 87.) 


Words in which I has 


its long sound, 


as in Pine. 




Accented on 


the first syllable. 




bri er 


ci der ti 


ger dri ver pli er.s 


cri er 


spi der vi 


per mi ser cli max 



36 



di et sti pend fire ship 


bli^/te some 


qui et life less < 


:hild hood 


grind stone 


li bel blind ness < 


:hild ish 


tri pod 


i tern kind ness ] 


aine fold 


cri sis 


si ren fir 
ex ile 


e brand hire ling 


like wise 


sun shine 


quag mire 


gen tile 


car mine 


em pire 


fi nite 


pas time 


fire side 


um pire 


con trite 


life time 


bon fire 


vam pire 


le vite 


fe line 


pis mire 


sun rise 






I long, < 


is in Pine. 






Accented on the second syllable 




im bibe 


o blige 


man kind 


a rise 


as cribe 


a like 


un kind 


com prise 


pro scribe 


dis like 


re mind 


sur prise 


tran scribe 


un like 


un ripe 


ad vise 


de scribe 


de file 


ad mire 


de vise 


pre scribe 


com pile 


as pire 


re vise 


in scribe 


re vile 


ex pire 


un wise 


sub scribe 


sub lime 


re spire 


ex cite 


en tice 


sa line 


trans pire 


re cite 


a bide 


com bine in spire 


in cite 


de cide 


cal cine 


con spire 


po lite 


con fide 


de fine 


de sire 


ig nite 


de ride 


con fine 


en tire 


u nite 


a stride 


re fine 


re tire 


de spite 


a side 


re cline 


pre cise 


in vite 


be side 


in cline 


con cise 


a live 


re side 


ca nine 


ex cise 


de rive 


pre side 


re pine 


de mise 


de prive 


sub side 


su pine 


pre mise 


re vive 


be tide 


un bind 


sur mise 


sur vive 


pro vide 


be hind 


de spise 





37 





Class 6. 




(Continued from page 


18, and on page 88 


) 


Words in 


which I has its short sound 


as in Pin. 




Accented on tht 


first syllable. 




gib lets 


pil fer 


pin cers 


fish er 


pick axe 


fil ter 


cin der 


blis ter 


wick ed 


sil ver 


hin der 


sis ter 


chick en 


ill ness 


tin der 


mis tress 


crick et 


pil grim 


tink er 


dis trict 


tick et 


dim ness 


gin ger 


vis it 


rick ets 


prim er 


splint er 


pitch er 


thick set 


lim ber 


print er 


hith er 


sick ness 


tim ber 


win ter 


thith er 


hick up 


lim ner 


trink et 


fit ness 


brick dust 


sim per 


in let 


wit ness 


eth ics 


gim let 


ring let 


crit ic 


vie tim 


mim ic 


in dex 


shiv er 


witch craft tim id 


in stinct 


liv er 


kid nap 


lim pid 


fin ish 


riv er 


fid get 


lim it 


in suit 


quiv er 


mid rirT 


in sect 


mir ror 


riv et 


sift ed 


gin seng 


sir rah 


civ ic 


gild ed 


min strel 


sir up 


civ il 


chil dren 


lin en 


spir it 


viv id 




Accented on ike second syllable. 




pre diet 


im print 


a miss 


re sist 


in flict 


re print 


re miss 


re fit 


de pict 


dis tinct 


dis miss 


un fit 


re strict 


ex tinct 


en list 


ad mit 


a bridge 


e vince 


de sist 


o mit 


a midst 


con vince 


in sist 


re mit 


dis til 


in fringe 


con sist 


per mit 


un til 


me thinks 


sub sist 


sub mit 


be gin 


e clipse 


un twist 





38 





Class 7. 






(Continued from page 19, and on page 89.) 


Words in 


which O has 


its long sound 


, as in No. 




Accented on 


the first syllable. 




bo rax 


to per 


bolt er 


in most 


sto ic 


o ver 


bol ster 


hind most 


no ted 


o vert 


hoi ster 


hope less 


o men 


dro ver 


mole hill 


flo rist 


po em 


clo ver 


gold finch 


pro lix 


po et 


tro ver 


gold smith 


host ess 


so lo 


do nor 


dole ful 


tho rax 


wo ful 


hold fast 


home ly 


to paz 


so ber 


fold ed 


home spun 


nose gay 


gro cer 
ere ole 


scold ed 


im post 


e al cove 


brim stone grave ston 


tad pole 


lime stone prim rose 


ut most 


port hole 


mile stone 






O long 


as in No. 


! 




Accented an i 


he second syllable. 




ago 


ca jole 


post pone 


de port 


en robe 


be hold 


a slope 


re port 


dis robe 


with hold 


e lope 


ex port 


a bode 


up hold 


en force 


com port 


fore bode 


un fold 


en core 


jo cose 


ex plode 


un sold 


a dore 


mo rose 


a woke 


fore told 


be fore 


en gross 


in voke 


con dole 


a shore 


en close 


re voke 


pa role 


de plore 


dis close 


con voke 


con sole 


ex plore 


un close 


pro voke 


a lone 


im plore 


fore close 


pa trol 


a tone 


re store 


trans pose 


con trol 


de throne 


trans port 


de pose 



39 





re pose 


pro pose 


pro mote 


fore go 




ex pose 


com pose 


de note 


en roll 




im pose 


a rose 


a zote 


un roll 




dis pose 


re mote 


mis quote 








Class 8. 








(Continued from page 


20, and on page 90. 


) 




Words in 


which O has its 

Accented on the 


short sound, 

first syllable. 


as in Not. 




cob web 


frol ic 


con test 


op tics 




ob ject 


sol id 


con tents 


for est 




gob let 


pol ish 


on set 


dor ic 




gob lin 


pon tiff 


con vex 


flor id 




lob ster 


com et 


con text 


pros pect 




prob lem 


vom it 


con ic 


pros per 




joe und 


com pact 


con flict 


gos pel 




rob in 


com pend 


con script 


clos et 


! 


ob long 


com plex 


con vict 


os trich 




lock et 


com plot 


ton sil 


nos tril 




rock et 


con tact 


con sort 


ros in 




sock et 


con tract 


con duct 


nos trum 




bon net 


spon dee 


con sul 


pot ash 




mod est 


non sense 


non plus 


po/A er 




bod kin 


con vent 


front let 


hoth er 




prod uct 


yon der 


prop er 


spot less 




prof it 


mon ster 


com ic 


prov erb 




prog ress 


fond ness 


top ic 


prov ince 




sol der 


con gress 


trop ic 


pa thos 






O short, as in Not. 








Accented on the second syllable. 






dis lodge 


ex tol 


re solve 


re volve 




in cog 


re volt 


de volve 


a non 




a loft 


ab solve 


in volve 


ab scond 



40 



re spond 


re sponse 


a dopt 


a cross 


de spond 


be long 


for got 


be troth 


be yond 


pro long 








Class 9. 






(Continued from page 


21, and on page < 


ID.) 


Words in 


which U has its 


long sound, 


as in Cube. 




Accented on the 


first syllable. 




fuel 


lu cent 


stu pid 


u nit 


du el* 


stu dent 


pu trid 


cu bit 


du al 


use less 


cu bic 


ju rist 


du cal 


fluid 


tu nic 


tu mult 


blu ish 


lu cid 


mu sic 


du et 


su et 


hu mid 


pu pil 


duty 


lu nar 


tu mid 


tu lip 


duke dom 


flu ent 
prel ude 






trib ute 


mod ule 


cost ume 


del uge 


pust ule 


trib une 


stat ute 


ref uge 










U long, as 


in Cube. 






Accented on the 


second syllable. 




tra duce 


ex ude 


re buke 


ma nure 


ad duce 


al lude 


per uke 


ab jure 


de duce 


e lude 


in hume 


ad jure 


e duce 


de lude 


il lume 


de mure 


re duce 


pre elude 


con sume 


se cure 


se duce 


se elude 


as sume 


pro cure 


in duce 


con elude 


re sume 


ob scure 


con duce 


ex elude 


pre sume 


as sure 


pro duce 


de nude 


ma ture 


en dure 


* The teacher is particularly requested to see 


that the u sound, 


and not that of oo, is given to thf 


; words of this 


Class. 



41 



in ure 


con fuse 


ob tuse 


trans mute 


im pure 


pro fuse 


a cute 


de pute 


a buse 


a muse 


re fute 


im pute 


ex cuse 


mis use 


sa lute 


re pute 


trans fuse 


re cluse 


di lute 


dis pute 


re fuse 


ab struse 


pol lute 


com pute 


in fuse 










Clas 


s 10. 






Continued from page 


21, and on page 91.) 


Words in 


which U has its short sound 

Accented on the first syllaMe, 


as in Tub. 


sub ject 


turn bier 


fur ther 


mus ter 


pub lie 


bump er 


bur gess 


mus ket 


pub lish 


trump et 


tur gid 


rus tic 


sub urb 


dump ling 


tur nip 


bus kin 


buck et 


un der 


ur chin 


lus tring 


buck ler 


blun der 


churl ish 


mus lin 


huck ster 


thun der 


burn ish 


non plus 


duck ling 


sun der 


fur nish 


nut meg 


cud gel 


hunt er 


bur dock 


but ment 


bud get 


hunt ress 


fur long 


but ler 


judg ment 


hun dred 


mur mur 


cut ler 


im pulse 


jun to 


nurs ling 


sut ler 


1 ul cer 


run let 


sur plus 


duch ess 


1 dul cet 


dung hill 


musk rat 


duch y 


[ cul prit 


pun ish 


ush er 


in flux 


lum ber 


crup per 


blus ter 


re flux 


slum ber 


mur der 


clus ter 


ad junct 


num ber 


pur ser 








U short, as in Tub, 






Accented on the second syllable. 




I de duct 


in struct 


ad judge 


mis judge 


1 con duct 


con struct 


pre judge 


re buff 



42 



in gulf 


con suit 


re cur 


dis gust 


in dulge 


ex ult 


in cur 


adjust 


di vulge 


re suit 


de mur 


in trust 


re pulse 


re fund 


dis turb 


dis trust 


con vulse 


de funct 


ab surd 


mis trust 


ex punge 


ab rupt 


un furl 


dis cuss 


a dult 


con cur 


re turn 


re but 




Class 11. 






(Continued from page 23, and on page 95.) 


Words in 


which Y has the sound of long I in Pine. 




Accented on 


the first syllable. 




tyro 


hy dra 


cy press 


styl ish 


cy cle 


hy men 


slyly 


bye law 




Accented on the second syllable. 




defy 


apply 


sup ply 


des cry 


ally 


com ply 


de ny 


a wry 


J uJ y 


imply 


es py 


good bye 


re ply 


de my 


de cry 


van dyke 




Class 12. 






(Continued on page 99.) 




Words in 


which Y has 


Ihe sound of short I in Pin. 


lynx 


syl van 


sys tern 


sib yl 


cyg net 


syn tax 


gyp sum 


idyl 


cyn ic 


syn od 


symp torn 




mys tic 


lyr ic 


dac tyle 


a byss* 


crys tal 
\ ba by 


syr inge 


la rynx 


bod y 


sha dy 


bran dy 


flee cy 


ed dy 


tar dy 


din gy 


icy 


can dy 


tidy 


stin gy 


lady 


han dy 


stud y 


filthy 







43 




dusk y 


ar my 


sul try 


scur vy 


luck y 


mum my 


hun gry 


ha zy 


milk y 


pigmy 


cur ry 


lazy 


dally 


fun ny 


ves try 


era zy 


tally 


za ny 


gen try 


fren zy j 


fol ly 


pen ny 


pan try 




holly 


bri ny 


gipsy 


ab bey \ 


sea ly 


sto ny 


tipsy 


lack ey 


safe ly 


puny 


drop sy 


jock ey 


late ly 


sleep y 


tan sy 


don key 


state ly 


poppy 


ro sy 


tur key 


part ly 


happy 


clum sy 


gal ley 


like ly 


copy 


safe ty 


val ley 


kind ly 


vary 


has ty 


vol ley 


lily 


query 


party 


med ley 


sil ly 


mer ry 


plen ty 


mot ley 


holy 


cher ry 


city 


bar ley 


no bly 


bel fry 


pity 


par ley 


lone ly 


mi ry 


fifty 


pars ley \ 


only 


tory 


forty 


kid ney 


lord ly 


sto ry 


lofty 


chim ney 


duly 


sor ry 


na vy 


lam prey 


duty 


fury 


en vy 


ker sey 


sur ly 


J ur y 


ivy 






Class 13. 






(Continued from page 23, and on page 


114.) 


Words in 


which A is sounded as in 


? ar or Fast. 




Accented on 


the first syllable. 




char nel 


lar ger 


part ner 


carv er 


car go 


arch er 


bar ter 


mar vel 


jar gon 


farm er 


gar ter 


dark ness 


bar ber 


charm er 


chart er 


har ness 


char ger 


gar ner 


mas ter 


hard ness 



44 



harm less 


gar net dar ling 


var nish 


harsh ness car pet arm ing 


art ist 


sharp ness arc tic charm ing 


far thing 


art less 


gar lie hard ship 


after 


har vest 


cart ridge pars nip 


sam pier 


mar ket 


part ridge gar nish 


Ian cer 


scar let 


mar gin tar nish 

A as in Far or Fast. 
Accented on the second syllable. 


ras cal 


mam ma 


re gard re mark 


a las 


pa pa 


re tard a larm 


a mass 


de bar 


en large dis arm 


sur pass 


a far 


dis charge a part 


com mand 


ci gar 


in graft de part 


de mand 


dis card 


em bark im part 


re mand 




Class 14. 






(Continued from page 24.) 




Words in which A is sounded as in All. 




Accented on the first syllable. 




al so 


all spice warm ing quar ter 


al ter 


bal sam wal nut quar to 


al der 


pal sj ward robe jack al 


halt er 


pal try want ed co 


bait 


fait er 


bald ness wa ter fa 


I sify 


halt ed 


war ble quad rant al 


ma nac 


al most 


war fare quad rate al 


ter a 7 tion 


al ways 


warm er quar ry al 

A as in All. 

Accented on the second syllable. 


to geth 7 er 


ap pall 


fore stall a ward ap 


pal ment 


mis call 


in stall re ward in 


stal ment 


re call 


in thrall a thwart in 


thral ment 


be fall 


with all fore warn 





45 



Class 36. 

Words in which A has the short sound of O in Not. 
Accented on the first syllable. 



swab 

squab 

wad 

squad 

swamp 

swan 

wand 

was 

wash 

squash 

swath 

wasp 



wast 
watch 
waltz 
squat 
wal let 
wal low 
swal low 
seal lop 
squal id 
squab ble 
squad ron 
wad die 



waf fle 
quar rel 
quar ry 
war rant 
wan ton 
wan der 
squan der 
watch ful 
watch man 
watch word 
qual i ty 
quan ti ty 



qual i fy 
quad ru ped 
quad ru pie 
quad ran gle 
quad rat ure 
quar rel some 
al i quant 
wan der er 
watch ful ness 



e qual 7 i ty 
in e qual 7 i ty 



Class 15. 

(Continued from page 24, and on page 128.) 

Words in which AI is sounded like long A in Fate. 
Accented on the first syllable. 



aid ing 
hail stone 
jail er 
bailiff 
sail or 
tail or 
dai ly 
rai ment 
pain ful 



paint er 
paint ing 
faint ing 
dain ty 
main sail 
main mast 
plain ness 
plain tiff 
plain tive 



vain ly 
rain y 
dai ry 
dai sj 
rai sin 
faith ful 
cai tiff 
wait er 
wait ed 



gait ers 
trait or 
mer maid 
bride maid 
in laid 
chil blain 
por trait 
en trails 



Accented on the second syllable. 

a fraid de tail en tail be w r ail 

un paid a vail cur tail pre vail 

up braid as sail re tail ac claim 



46 



de claim ex plain con tain re strain t 

re claim com plain sus tain con strain 

dis claim com plaint ab stain con straint 

ex claim re main main tain ac quaint 

pro claim at tain re frain ap praise 

dis dain re tain re strain a wait 

re gain ob tain 

Class 37. 

Words in which A and AT are sounded like A in 
Care and AI in Air. 

Accented on the first syllable. 



care snare 


care ml 


fair 


fair y 


dare spare 


care less 


lair 


stair case 


fare rare 


wel fare 


hair 


mo hair 


share square 


scar ci ty 


chair 


cor sair 


flare par ent 


par ent age 


stan- 




Accented on the second syllable. 




a ware 


fare well 




affair 


be ware 


ap par ent 




un fair 


de clare 


trans par ent 




un pair 


pre pare 


un war y 




re pair 


com pare 


un a wares' 




des pair 


en snare 









Class 16. 

(Continued from page 24, and on page 129.) 

Words in which AU has the sound of A in All. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

sau cer pau per cau cus au gust 

sau sage caus tic au burn fau cet* 

lau rel cause way au thor gau dy 



Vulgarly pronounced fas-sit. 



47 



fault y cen taur laud a ble laud a to ry 

plau dit au dit or fraud u lent 

Accented on the second syllable. 

be daub de bauch ex haust a 7 er o naut 
be cause de fault 
ap plaud as sault 
de fraud a vaunt 



ap plause 

aug ment o ver haul 7 



Class 17. 

(Continued from page 25.) 

Words in which AW has the sound of A in All. 

Accented on the first syllable* 



jack daw 
awk ward 
draw er 
aw ful 
law less 
law yer 

ba shaw 



saw yer 
awn ing 
dawn ing 
taw ny 
taw dry 
mawk ish 



law ful ness 
awk ward ness 
awk ward ly 
straw ber ry 
torn a hawk 



Accented on the second syllable. 

with draw un law ful 



Class 18. 



Words in which AY and EY are sounded like long A 
in Fate. 

(Continued from page 25.) 
Accented on the first syllable. 

lay man day light may pole ey ry 
pay ment day time may or gay e ty 

way ward say ing gang way bay ber ry 

In the names of the days of the week, the sound ofay is much 
shorter, as in Sunday, Friday, &c. ; but these words belong to 
other classes. 



48 





Accented on the second syllable 




de cay 


dis play por tray 


way lay 


al lay 


af fray as say 


con vey 


de lay 


de fray un say 


sur vey 


mis lay 


ar ray a way 


pur vey 


dis may 


be tray o bey 






Class 19. 






(Continued from page 25, and on page 129.) 


Words in ■ 


johich EE has the sound of long E in Me. 




Accented on the first syllable. 




heed ml 


seek ing steer age 


thir teen 


need ful 


feel ing meet ing 


four teen 


fee ble 


peel ing sweet ly 


nf teen 


need le 


steel yard pee vish 


six teen 


gree dy 


meek ness three fold 


sev en teen 


breed ing 


free man three score 


eight een 


free dom 


stee pie twee zers 


nine teen 


see ing 


peer age lin seed 

Accented on the second syllable 




gran dee 


in deed es teem 


com peer 


de cree 


mis deed un seen 


ca reer 


a gree 


sue ceed ca reen 


ve neer 


de gree 


ex ceed mo reen 


gen teel 


fore see 


pro ceed tu reen 


be seech 


ra zee 


a greed be tweeri 


dis creet 


set tee 


re deem 






Class 20. 






(Continued from page 26, and on page 


130.) 


Words in 


which EA has the sound t 
in Me. 

Accented on the first syllable. 


if E long, as 


read er 


lead er trea cle 


teach er 


read ing 


lead ing peace ml 


teach ing 



49 



1 wea sel 


sea man 


hear ing 


east ward 


| tea sel 


steam boat 


year ling 


east ern 


leaf less 


squeam ish 


dear ly 


seat ed 


sea fight 


dream ing 


clear ly 


treat ed 


ea ger 


glean ing 


drear y 


neat ness 


mea gre 


mean ing 


wea ry 


treat ise 


ea gle 


cheap ness 


cease less 


feat ure 


ea glet 


leap year 


rea son 


creat ure 


speak er 


reap er 


ea sy 


bea ver 


deal er 


clear ness 


gre a sj 


weav er 


deal ing 


fear ing 


feast ed 


neat ly 


heal ing 










Accented on the 


second syllable. 




bo hea 


re peal 


be smear 


be neath 


im peach 


un seal 


de cease 


be queatf/i 


| im plead 


re veal 


re lease 


de feat 


mis lead 


de mean 


de crease 


re peat 


be speak 


un clean 


in crease 


mal treat 


con ceal 


en dear 


dis ease 


en treat 


con geal 


ap pear 


dis please 


re treat 


an neal 


ar rear 


ap pease 


be reaveV- 


ap peal 










Class 21. 






(Continued from page 27.) 




Words in 


which EW has 


the sound of U long, as 




in Cube. 






Accented on the first syllable. 




pew 


ter jew el mil dew 


new 


ly skew 


er sin 


ew 


jew 


ess stew 


ard jew 


el ler 




Accented on the 


second syllable. 




es chew a new re view 


be dew re new re new al 



50 





Class 22. 






(Continued from page 27, and on page 130*) 


Words in which IE and EI have the sound of E long 




in Me. 






Accented on the first syllable. 




ei ther 


leis ure 


chief tain 


field piece 


nei thei 


seiz ure 


ker chief 


thiev ish 


ceil ing 




pier cing 


griev ous 




Accented on the second syllable. 




de ceit 


re ceive 


re lief 


ag grieve 


con ceit 


per ceive 


be lief 


re prieve 


de ceive 


con ceive 


be lieve 


a piece 






a chieve 


be siege 






re lieve 


cash ier 






re trieve 






Class 24* 






(Continued from page 27, and on pagfc 104.) 


Words in which O has the sound of < 


in Nor. 




Accented on the first syllable. 




or der 


cor net vor tex 


horn pipe 


bor der 


hor net mor bid 


tor por 


por ter 


corse let sor did 


dis cord 


for mer 


morn ing tor pid 


con cord 


cor ner 


for tress or bit 


con sort 




Accented on the second syllable. 




ab sorb 


per form for lorn 


re cord 


ab hor 


in form for borne 


re sort 


de form 


trans form en dorse 


ex tort 


re form 


a dorn re morse 


dis tort 


con form 


sub orn es cort 


ex hort 



51 





Class 25. 






(Continued from page 28.) 




Words ' 


'n which 00 is sounded as 
Accented on the first syllable. 


in Cool. 


boo by 


gloom y coop er 


fore noon 


cool er 


room y boor ish 


fool e ry 


fool ish 


spoon ful boot y 


goose ber ry 


cool ly 


stoop ing smooth ly 


sooth say er 


bloom ing 








Accented on the second syllabh 




bam boo 


bab oon lam poon 


pon toon 


tat too 


co coon har poon 


un moor 


be hoof 


buf foon mon soon 


be hoove 


a loof 


drag oon bas soon 


hin doo 


re proof 


rack oon car toon 


pan ta loon' 


up root 


sa loon plat oon 


af ter noon 7 


be fool 


bal loon fes toon 


pic ar oon 7 


fore doom 


shal loon pol troon 


kan ga roo 7 




Class 26. 






(Continued from page 28.) 




Words in ■ 


johich OO has the sound of U in Bull. 




Accented on the first syllable. 




wood y 


crook ed like li hood 


wood land wool len live li hood 


wood man wool ly cook e ry 


goodly 


foot ing rook e ry 


good ness man hood 






Accented on the second syllabh 


?. 


for sook 


mis took un hook 


re shook 


be took 


par took 





52 





Class 27. 






(Continued from page 28, and on page 


131.) 


Words in which OA has the sound of 


long in No. 




Accented on the first syllable. 




oak u m 


boast er loath some 


char coal 


in road 


oat meal coax ing 


turn coat 


board er 


boat man coax er 


cock roach 


side boarc 


bloat ed up roar 

Accented on the second syllable 




un load 


ap proach be moan a float 


en croach 


re proach 






Class 28. 






(Continued from page 29.) 




Words in 


which OW is sounded like O long in No. 




Accented on the first syllable. 




own er 


ar row bil low 


sor row 


low er 


har row pil low 


bur row 


tow ard 


nar row wil low 


fur row 


bow sprit 


el bow min now 


scare crow 


shad ow 


bel low win now 


rain bow 


fal low 
hal low 


fel low win row 
mel low fol low 




be low' 


shal low 


yel low hoi low 


dis own 7 


sal low 


bel lows bor row 


o ver flow 7 


tal low 


wid ow mor row 






Class 30. 






(Continued from page 29.) 




Words in which OU has the sound of O long, as in No. 




Accented on the first syllable. 


! 


mould ed 


poul tice mourn ing 


four score 


mould y 


poul try mourn ml 


con course 


mould er 


coul ter four teen 


in ter course 


should er 


mourn er four fold 





53 



Accented on the second syllable. 

re source re course dis course 





Class 31. 






Continued from page 29, and on page 131.) 


Words 5 


'n ichich OU is sounded as i 

Accented on the first syllable. 


'n Bound. 


bound ed 


count ed 


boun ty 


gout y 


pound ed 


count er 


cloud y 


shout ed 


pound er 


dis count 


sour ly 


house hold 


flound er 


count ess 


hour ly 


scoun drel 


loung er 


count less 


out law 


trou sers 


bound less 


coun ty 








Accented on tht 


5 second syllable. 




a vouch 


sur mount 


com pound 


re nounce 


a loud 


a bound 


a round 


pro nounce 


be foul 


un bound 


a ground 


de vour 


ac count 


re bound 


sur round 


es pouse 


re count 


re dound 


re sound 


a rouse 


mis count 


con found 


a stound 


ca rouse 


a mount 


pro found 


an nounce 


a bout 


dis mount 


ex pound 


de nounce 


de vout 


re mount 


pro pound 







Class 32. 

(Continued from page 30, and on page 132.) 

Words in which OW is sounded as in the word Now. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

cow ard dow er show er pow der 

down ward low er pow er chow der 
dow ry flow er tow er fowl er 



S* 



54 



howl er 
prowl er 


prow ess trow el 
vow el drow sy 

Accented on the second syllable. 


cow slip 
clown ish 


en dow 


al low a vow 


re nown 




Class 33. 






(Continued from page 30, and on page 132.) 


Words in 


which OI is sounded as in the word Oil. 




Accented on the first syllable. 




hoi den 


coin age oint ment 


moist ure 


boil er 
foil er 


join er joint ure 
coin er noi sy 


loi ter 
sir loin 


toil et 


point er noi some 


in voice 


toil some 


point ed clois ter 

Accented on the second syllable. 


par boil 


re joice 
a void 
de void 


em broil re join 
ad join sub join 
con join re coin 


a noint 
ap point 
a droit 


de spoil 
re coil 


en join pur loin 
dis join dis joint 


ex ploit 




Class 34. 

(Continued from page 30.) 




Words in 


ichich OY is sounded as in the word Boy. 




Accented on the first syllable. 




roy al 
boy ish 
joy fill 


voy age con voy 
oys ter en voy 
vice roy joy fill ly 

Accented on the second syllable. 


loy al ty | 
royalty 
roy al ist 


al loy 


de coy dis loy al em ploy er 


an noy 
em ploy 


en joy an noy ance em 
de stroy de stroy er en 


l ploy ment 
joy ment 



55 







Class 38. 




Words in which has the sound of OO in Cool. 






Accented on the first syllable. 




to move move ment prov ing 
do prove mov a ble do ing 
in to lose mov ing bo som 




un do 
a do 
here to 
ap prov 
im prov 


Accented on the second syllable. 

dis prove im prove ment 
re prove im prov a ble 




It II1UVU 

e re mov al dis ap prove 7 
e ap prov al 




Class 35. 




Words in 


(Continued from page 31.) 

which U has the sound of U in the 
word Bull. 




pud ding 
bul let 
pul let 
pul ley 
bully 
fully 
bul lock 
bul rush 
pul pit 
ru in 


Accented on the first syllable. 

ru by tru ant . bul let in 
ru ral tru ism pru de ry 
bru tal rude ness cru el ty 
cm et rude ly ru di ment 
cru el crude ly cru ci fix 
dm id bush el ru min ate 
fru gal butch er pru ning hook 
gru el am bush feb ru a ry 


scru pie 


1 


mis rule 
in elude 
de tmde 
in trude 


Accented on the second syllable. 

pro trude cru sade ob tru der 
ab struse un truth ce ru le an 


re prune im pru dence o ver rule 7 



56 



Besides the preceding words, all the compounds of Full 
belong to this Class, and uniformly drop one L. (See 
note to Class 47, on page 72.) 



grace ful 
peace ful 
waste ful 
bale ful 
shame ful 
bane ful 
care ful 
grate fill 
hate ful 
pain ful 
faith ful 
aw ful 



law ful 
hand ful 
arm ful 
art ful 
bash fill 
watch ful 
dread ful 
heed ful 
need ful 
spite ful 
dire ful 



mind ful 
wil ful 
sin ful 
wish ful 
bliss ful 
spoon ful 
sloth ful 
hope ful 
scorn fill 
mourn ful 
youth ful 



use ful 
fruit ful 
joy ful 
plen ti fill 
mer ci ful 
pit i fill 
du ti fill 
boun ti ful 
sor row ful 
won der ful 
pow er ful 



Accented on the second syllable. 

dis grace fill for get ful dis trust ful 
re spect ful re venge fill 



Class 39. 

Words in which IGH has the sound of I long, as 
in the word Pine. 



sigh 

nigh 

thigh 

fight 

light 

blight 

flight 

plight 

slight 

night 



Accented 

right 

bright 

spright 

fright 

sight 

tight 

wight 

high ly 

high land 



on the first syllable. 

light ed 
light er 
light ning 
light some 
light house 
migh ty 
night mare 
right ful 
fright ful 



bright ness 
spright ly 
mid night 
fort night 
fore sight 
in sight 
sky light 
twi light 



up n\ 



:ht 



57 







Accented on the 


second syllable. 






af fright 


de light a 


right night in gale 




be night 


a light de light ful 








Clas 


s 40. 








(Continued 


on page 123.) 






Words in which O has the short sound of 


U, as in Tub. 






Accented on the first syllable. 






come 


com bat 


mon key 


slov en 




monk 


com pass 


mon day 


cov ert 




month 


com ing 


mon grel 


gov ern 




front 


com fort 


ton nage 


love ly 




dove 


come ly 


won der 


oth er 




love 


com rade 


wont ed 


moth er 




glove 


bom bast 


shov el 


smo^A er 




shove 


pom mel 


cov er 


broth er 




doth 


some thing 


plov er 


noth ing 




sponge 


hon ey 


cov et 


doz en 




wont 
hav oc 


mon ey 




sex ton 


bux om 


com mon 




idol 


ran dom 


pen non 


pis ton 




car ol 


sel dom 


can non 


cit ron 




pis tol 


wis dom 


tal on 


chal dron 




dark some king dom 


fel on 


stub born 




tire some 


duke dom 


mel on 


ar son 




wel come 


bios som 


co Ion 


sec ond 




in come 


ran som 


lem on 


bish op 




hand some bot torn 


her on 


shal lop 




lone some 


cus torn 


bar on 


fag ot 




at om 


ser mon 


li on 


mag got 




fa.th om 


gam mon 


ten don 


car rot 


! I 


ven om 


mam mon 


can ton 


big ot 



58 



m got 
ri ot 
pi lot 
piv ot 
la bor 
ta bor 
ar bor 
har bor 
ran cor 
sue cor 
ar dor 
o dor 
can dor 

be come 
un done 



splen dor 
clan gor 
vig or 
rig or 
ma jor 
val or 
par lor 
col or 
clam or 
ar mor 
tre mor 
tu mor 



ten or 
mi nor 
va por 
er ror 
ter ror 
ju ror 
spon sor 
vis or 
ac tor 
fac tor 
cap tor 
pas tor 



Accented on the second syllable. 

a mong af front 
a mongst con front 



hec tor 
rec tor 
vie tor 
doc tor 
tu tor 
sculp tor 
fa vor 
fla vor 
sa vor 
fer vor 
ra zor 
pur pose 



a bove 
bom bard 



In the following words, which have usually been placed 
in this Class, the O has the sound of IJ in Curl : — 

word worst wor thy work shop 

work wort wor ship fire works 

worm worth work man glow worm 

worse world 



Class 41. 

(Continued on page 126.) 

Words in which OU has the short sound of U in Tub. 
Accented on the first syllable. 



touch 
young 
gib bous 
glo bous 
bul bous 
vis cous 
gorge ous 



pi ous 
cal lous 
fa mous 
spi nous 
pomp ous 
ri brous 
cum brous 



won drous 
po rous 
ni trous 
mon strous 
nerv ous 
doub le 
troub le 



coup le 
coup let 
cour age 
nour ish 
flour ish 
cous in 
south ern 



59 



In the follmcing words, which have usually been placed 
in this Class, OU has the sound of U in Curl : — 



scourge 
scourg ing 
jour nal 
jour ney 
so journ 
sojourn er 



sojourn ing 
jour ney ing 
jour ney man 
cour te sy* 
courte sy* 



cour te san 
tourn a ment 

Second syllable. 

ad journ 
adjourn ment 



Class 42. 

Words in which 1 has the sound of V in CuRL.t 
Accented on the first syllable. 



sir 


smirk 


first 


irk some 


fir 


quirk 


thirst 


vir gin 


stir 


dirt 


chirp 


virt ue 


bird 


girt 


birth 


virt u al 


gird 


shirt 


birth right 


cir cu lar 


third 


skirt 


cir cle 


cir cu late 


birch 


flirt 


cir cus 


cir cum flex 


dirge 


spirt 


fir kin 


cir cum spect 


irk 


squirt 


firm ly 


cir cum stance 


dirk 


girl 


firm ness 


fir ma ment 


kirk 


twirl 


skir mish 


na dir 


shirk 


firm 


squir rel 






Accented on the second syllable. 


af firm 


in firm con firm ex tir pate 



* When pronounced in two syllables, this word means an act 
of reverence appropriate to females ; when in three syllables, it 
means civility in general. 

t In some words of this Class, Walker directs the ir to be 
sounded like er in the word er-ror ; but this pronunciation has 
found little or no favor in this country, and deserves to find none 
elsewhere. 



60 





Clas 


s 43. 






(Continued < 


>n page 110.) 




Words in which the final 


E, contrary to the general 


rule, does not lengthen the preceding vowel. 


live 


band age 


rum mage 


sen ate 


give 


pas sage 


col lege 


leg ate 


pal ace 


rav age 


or ange 


pal ate 


pref ace 


sav age 


ves tige 


prel ate 


men ace 


cab bage 


rep tile 


cu rate 


sol ace 


sel vage 


fer tile 


cli mate 


ter race 


pres age 


ster ile 


pi rate 


fur nace 


crib bage 


sex tile 


pri vate 


sur face 


pil lage 


sub tile 


ser rate 


crev ice 


til lage 


ser vile 


pro bate 


chal ice 


vil lage 


flex ile 


gran ite 


no tice 


im age 


mis sile 


res pite 


bod ice 


spin age 


hos tile 


mas sive 


sol stice 


mint age 


fu tile 


pas sive 


jus tice 


vint age 


due tile 


pen sive 


nov ice 


bond age 


vac cine 


mis sive 


mal ice 


hos tage 


fam ine 


ol ive 


prac tice 


car nage 


jas mine 


ac tive 


lat tice 


peer age 


en gine 


cap tive 


office 


steer age 


des tine 


na tive 


sur plice 


coin age 


pris tine 


da tive 


pum ice 


voy age 


cit rine 


fes tive 


cor nice 


post age 


doc trine 


mo tive 


ser vice 


for age 


pur chase 


spor tive 


ad age 


cord age 


prom ise 


cos tive 


pack age 


port age 


mor tise 


fer ule 


bag gage 


stor age 


fran chise 






sal vage 


hom age 


frig ate 


for give 7 


dam age 


cot tage 


vul gate 


mis gives 7 


man age 


plu mage 







61 







Class 44. 






Words in which the final syllable is pronounced as if the 




vowel were silent , thus 


• Sad-dn, Bid-dn, Cot-tn. 






Accented on 


the first syllable 






sad den 


ta ken 


driv en 


ma son j 




mad den 


wa ken 


e ven 


bi son 




e den 


fall en 


ra ven 


rea son 




red den 


swoll en 


ov en 


trea son 




lead en 


sto len 


light en 


sea son 




hard en 


o pen 


fright en 


poi son 




gar den 


ri pen 


bright en 


bla zon 


• 


maid en 


hap pen 


wo ven 


pris on 




bid den 


rot ten 


clo ven 


crim son 


" , ' 


hid den 


pat ten 


doz en 


cot ton 




gold en 


flat ten 


fro zen 


but ton 




ward en 


kit ten 


miz zen 


glut ton 




wood en 


mit ten 


diz zen 


mut ton 




trod den 


smit ten 


ba sin 


weap on 




bur den 


bit ten 


rai sin 


gar den er 




bur then 


beat en 


ba con 


pris on er 




hea ^en 


sweet en 


beck on 


per son ate 




sick en 


molt en 


reck on 


e ven ing 




quick en 


cho sen 


dea con 


par son age 




strick en 


ha ven 


bea con 


ben i zon 




bro ken 


heav en 


par don 


ven i son 




spo ken 


leav en 


par son 


den i zen 




to ken 


giv en 


per son 


gar ri son 






Accented on the second syllable. 




a wa ken 


en li ven em 


bla zon 




un e ven 


im bold 


en im 


pris on 




e lev en 


for got ten im 


pris on ment 




e lev enth 


un bur then com par i son 



When the word ends in TEIS 


, the T, as well as the E, 


is omitted, thus : Fas- 


n, Lis-n, Of- 


N, 4-C. 


fas ten 


lis ten 


often 


mois ten 


has ten 


glis ten 


sof ten 


chris ten 


chas ten 










Class 45. 






(Continued on 


page 114.) 




Words ending in EL are pronounced as if the E were 




silent. 




tas sel 


bev el 


chis el 


nov el 


rav el 


rev el 


mor sel 


shov el 


grav el 


lev el 


par eel 


driv el 


trav el 


tin sel 


mod el 


swiv el 


But, in most words of this Class, the E is 


placed after 




the L, and is silent, as before 




a ble 


trem ble 


stum ble 


rid die 


ca ble 


bible 


cir cle 


grid die 


fable 


nib ble 


la die 


quid die 


ga ble 


quib ble 


era die 


mid die 


ta ble 


scrib ble 


ad die 


gir die 


sta ble 


nim ble 


pad die 


hud die 


sa ble 


thim ble 


sad die 


pud die 


gab ble 


foi ble 


strad die 


hur die 


rab ble 


no ble 


can die 


bun die 


bab ble 


gob ble 


han die 


baffle 


mar ble 


bub ble 


med die 


rifle 


am ble 


fum ble 


ped die 


tri fle 


gam ble 


jum ble 


nee die 


sti fle 


ram ble 


mum ble 


idle 


muf fle 


bram ble 


rum ble 


bri die 


ruffle 


scram ble 


crum ble 


kin die 


scuf fle 


peb ble 


grum ble 


spin die 


snuf fle 


treb le 


turn ble 


fiddle 


shuf fle 







63 




ea gle 


speck le 


dim pie 


ket tie 


gar gle 


pick le 


pirn pie 


net tie 


strag gle 


sick le 


sim pie 


set tie 


o gle 


tick le 


rip pie 


bee tie 


j°g g le 


trick le 


trip le 


ti tie 


j u g g le 


twink le 


stop pie 


lit tie 


smug gle 


cock le 


rum pie 


brit tie 


strug gle 


buck le 


sup pie 


bot tie 


sin gle 


ap pie 


pur pie 


shut tie 


shin gle 


dap pie 


scru pie 


tur tie 


min gle 


grap pie 


rat tie 


ax le 


cack le 


ma pie 


prat tie 


daz zle 


shack le 


sta pie 


bat tie 


driz zle 


an kle 


sam pie 


cat tie 


noz le 


ran kle 


tram pie 


tat tie 


guz zle 


spark le 


stee pie 


star tie 


muz zle 


tack le 


tern pie 


gen tie 


puz zle 


When E follows R at the end of a word, the E is silent, 




as in the preceding words. 




sa bre 


lu ere 


cen tre 


ni tre 


som bre 


o gre 


spec tre 


lus tre 


fi bre 


me tre 


mi tre 


li vre 


a ere 








When D is added to form 


the past or imperfect tense of 


verbs of this Class, the E is still silent , 


as, Fa-bld, 


Mar-bld, 


4*c. 






fa bled 


cir cled 


gir died 


min gled 


bab bled 


era died 


hud died 


shack led 


mar bled 


sad died 


baf fled 


rank led 


ram bled 


han died 


tri fled 


tack led 


trem bled 


med died 


ruf fled 


speck led 


scrib bled 


bri died p 


strag gled 


tick led 


gob bled 


kin died 


jog gled 


buck led 


crum bled 


fid died 


strug gled 


grap pled 



64 



tram pled 


rum pled start led daz zled 




dim pled 


scru pled set tied muz zled 




rip pled 


rat tied ti tied 


puz zled 






Class 46. 








(Continued on page 118.) 






The general rule for forming the past 


tense and present 




participle of regular verbs is to add ED or ING to 




them ; but if the verb already ends 


in E, the rule is 




to add only 


D or NG. 






The following 


lesson is prepared, not 


only to guide the 




pupil to the 


spelling of these variations of the verb, 




which are not found in dictionaries 


, but to afford the 




teacher an opportunity for correctin 


g a vicious pro- 




nunciation of the termination ING, 


as if it were writ- 




ten IN ; as, 


Singin, Takin, SfC. 






The E before 


D final, in the middle 


column, is silent, 




and the two 


syllables are pronounced 


r as one. 




bribe 


bribed 


brib ing 




robe 


robed 


rob ing 




probe 


probed 


prob ing 




rage 


raged 


rag ing 




wage 


waged 


wag ing 




page 


paged 


pag ing 




range 


ranged 


rang ing 




change 


changed 


chang ing 




edge 


edged 


edg ing 




wedge 


wedged 


wedg ing 




hedge 


hedged 


hedg ing 




fledge 


fledged 


fledg ing 




pledge 


pledged 


pledg ing 




bridge 


bridged 


bridg ing 




bilge 


bilged 


bilg ing 




hinge 


hinged 


hing ing 




cringe 


cringed 


cring ing 




fringe 


fringed 


fring ing 





65 



tinge 


tinged 


ting ing 


twinge 


twinged 


twing ing 


dodge 
lodge 


dodged 
lodged 


dodg ing 
lodg ing 


budge 


budged 


budg ing 


judge 

grudge 

trudge 


judged 

grudged 

trudged 


judg ing 
grudg ing 
trudg ing 


spunge 

urge 

charge 


spunged 

urged 

charged 


spung ing 
urg ing 
charg ing 


gorge 
bathe 


gorged 
hathed 


gorg ing 
hath ing 


swathe 


swaged 


swath ing 


sheathe 


sheared 


shea^ ing 


hreathe 


breamed 


hreath ing 


clothe 


closed 


clo^ ing 


sootJie 


sooted 


sooth ing 


file 


filed 


fil ing 


pile 
tile 
smile 


piled 
tiled 
smiled 


piling 
til ing 
smil ing 


pole 
rule 


poled 
ruled 


pol ing 
ml ing 


game 
lame 


gamed 
lamed 


gam ing 
lam ing 


frame 


framed 


fram ing 


shame 


shamed 


sham ing 


name 


named 


nam ing 


tame 


tamed 


tam ing 


chime 


chimed 


chim ing 


time 


timed 


tim ing 


fume 


fumed 


fum ing 


plume 


plumed 


plum ing 



6 * 



66 



cane 


caned 


can ing 


wane 


waned 


wan ing j 


dine 


dined 


din ing 


shine 


shined 


shin ing 


line 


lined 


lin ing 


mine 


mined 


min ing 


pine 
hone 


pined 
honed 


pin ing 
hon ing 


stone 


stoned 


ston ing 


throne 


throned 


thron ing 


tune 


tuned 


tun ing \ 


prune 
care 


pruned 
cared 


prun ing 
car ing 


scare 


scared 


scar ing 


dare 


dared 


dar ing 


share 


shared 


shar ing 


glare 


glared 


glar ing 


pare 
spare 


pared 
spared 


par ing 
spar ing 


square 
fire 


squared 
fired 


squar ing 
fir ing 


tire 


tired 


tir ing 


wire 


wired 


wir ing 


score 


scored 


scor ing 


gore 


gored 


gor ing 


snore 


snored 


snor ing 


pore 
store 


pored 
stored 


por ing 
stor ing 


cure 


cured 


cur ing 


dure 


dured 


dur ing 


case 


cased 


cas ing 


use 


used 


us ing 


fuse 


fused 


fus ing 


poise 

, 


poised 


pois ing 



67 



cause 


caused 


caus ing 


pause 
raise 


paused 
raised 


paus ing 
rais ing 


praise 
please 
tease 


praised 
pleased 
teased 


prais ing 
pleas ing 
teas ing 


cease 


ceased 


ceas ing 


crease 


creased 


creas ing 


cave 


caved 


cav ing l 


shave 


shaved 


shav ing 


lave 


laved 


lav ing 


pave 
rave 


paved 
raved 


pav ing 
rav ing 


brave 


braved 


brav ing 


crave 


craved 


crav ing 


grave 
save 


graved 
saved 


grav ing 
sav ing 


wave 


waved 


wav ing 


nerve 


nerved 


nerv ing 


serve 


served 


serv ing 


swerve 


swerved 


swerv ing 


dive 


dived 


div ing 


hive 


hived 


hiv ing 


rive 


rived 


riv ing 


solve 


solved 


solv ing 


rove 


roved 


rov ing 


curve 


curved 


curv ing 


carve 


carved 


carv ing 


starve 


starved 


starv ing 


heave 


heaved 


heav ing 


cleave 


cleaved 


cleav ing 


grieve 
groove 
gaze 


grieved 
grooved 
gazed 


griev ing 
groov ing 
gaz ing 



68 



SS 


blazed 


blaz ing 


glaze 


glazed 


glaz ing 


maze 


mazed 


maz ing 


craze 


crazed 


craz ing 


graze 


grazed 


graz ing 


prize 


prized 


priz ing 


bronze 


bronzed 


bronz ing 


sneeze 


sneezed 


sneez ing 


squeeze 


squeezed 


squeez ing 


doze 


dozed 


doz ing 


ooze 


oozed 


ooz ing 


The following verbs 


belong to this Class, and follow the 


same rule, but the D in the past 


tense has the sound 


of T ; as, Lik-t, 


Yok-t, Bak-t, 


fyc. 


lace 


laced 


lac ing 


pace 


paced 


pac ing 


race 


raced 


rac ing 


brace 


braced 


brae ing 


grace 


graced 


grac ing 


trace 


traced 


trac ing 


dance 


danced 


danc ing 


chance 


chanced 


chanc ing 


lance 


lanced 


lane ing 


glance 


glanced 


glanc ing 


prance 


pranced 


pranc ing 


fence 


fenced 


fenc ing 


mince 


minced 


mine ing 


rince 


rinced 


rinc ing 


wince 


winced 


wine ing 


slice 


sliced 


slic ing 


splice 


spliced 


splic ing 


spice 


spiced 


spic ing 


force 


forced 


fore ing 


fleece 


fleeced 


fleec ing 



69 



pierce 


pierced 


pierc ing 


bounce 


bounced 


bounc ing 


pounce 


pounced 


pounc ing 


flounce 


flounced 


flounc ing 


chafe 


chafed 


chaf ing 


fife 


fifed 


fif ing 


ake 


aked 


ak ing 


bake 


baked 


bak ing 


slake 


slaked 


slak ing 


stake 


staked 


stak ing 


quake 


quaked 


quak ing 


rake 


raked 


rak ing 


wake 


waked 


wak ing 


like 


liked 


lik ing 


spike 


spiked 


spik ing 


smoke 


smoked 


smok ing 


choke 


choked 


chok ing 


joke 


joked 


jok ing 


yoke 


yoked 


yok ing 


stroke 


stroked 


strok ing 


ape 


aped 


aping 


pipe 


piped 


pip ing 


gripe 


griped 


griping 


stripe 


striped 


strip ing 


wipe 


wiped 


wip ing 


cope 


coped 


cop ing 


hope 


hoped 


hop ing 


slope 


sloped 


slop ing 


mope 


moped 


mop ing 


grope 


groped 


grop ing 


case 


cased 


cas ing 


chase 


chased 


chas ing 


curse 


cursed 


curs ing 


nurse 


nursed 


nurs ing 


parse 


parsed 


pars ing 



70 



Whenever the omission of E before ING would bring 
two I's together, it is customary to change the first I 
into Y, thus : — 



die 
lie 
tie 


died 

lied 

tied 


dying 

lying 

tying 


But the E is retained in 


the following verbs : 


hie 
vie 


hied 
vied 


hie ing 
vie ing 


eye 
dye 


eyed 
dyed 


eye ing 
dye ing 


And in all verbs ending 


in OE or EE; as, 


shoe 
hoe 




shoe ing 
hoe ing 


toe 




toe ing 


see 




see ing 



agree a gree ing, &c. 

Whenever, too, the omission of E before ING would 
confound the word with another of different meaning, 
the E may be retained; as, Singe, Singe-ing, and not 
Sing-ing. The exceptions to the general rule are very 
few, and perhaps these examples embrace all of them. 



Class 47. 

Words of one syllable ending in any doubled consonant, 
retain both letters ichen a syllable is added ; and this 
rule also applies to words of more than one syllable, 
if the accent be on the last. 

ebb ing stiff est cuff ing gall ing 

add ing stiffly puffing squall ing 

odd est offset snuffing tall er 

odd ly off spring call ing small er 

quaffing scoffing fall ing small est 



71 



wall ing 


scull ing 


be fall ing 


fell ing 


cull ing 


fore tell ing 


smell ing 


dull est 


re pass ing 


spell ing 


full est 


con fess ing 


shell ing 


pull ing 


pro fess ing 


sell ing 


err ing 


re dress ing 


tell ing 


purr ing 


pos sess ing 1 


I swell ing 


class ing 


de press ing 


yell ing 


pass ing 


re press ing 


quell ing 


glass y 


im press ing 


fill ing 


grass y 


com press ing 


chill ing 


mass ive 


op press ing 


kill ing 


bless ing 


dis tress ing 


spill ing 


press ing 


trans gress ing 


trill ing 


tress es 


en gross ing 


thrill ing 


hiss ing 


fore tell er 


till ing 


kiss ing 


re dress er 


will ing 


miss ing 


con fess or 


mill er 


toss ing 


pro fess or 


1611 ing 


buzz ing 


pos sess or 


roll ing 


un roll ing 


op press or 


roll er 


fill fill ing 


trans gress or 


toll ing 


re call ing 




1 Words ending 


in LL generally 


retain both letters in 


their compounds ; but, as this 


rule is not toithout 


exceptions, the folloioing table will show the usage in 


regard to each word. 




all ; all' spice, 


al' so, a? most, a 


to gzth' er, with al'. 


fall; befall', 


down' fall. 




call ; mis call' 


re call 7 . 




stall ; in stall, 


fore stall, in stal 


ment, in stal la tion. 


thrall ; in thrall, in thralment. 




bell ; bel fry, 


bell man. 




fell; befell. 






sell ; un der sell. 





72 



speil ; mis spell. 

tell ; tell er, fore tell. 

11 C un well, well bred, well be ing, well wish er, 
' I wel come, wel fare, fare well, 

hill ; down hill, 
chill ; chil ness, chil blains. 
still ; still ness, in stil, dis til. 
till ; un til. 
skill ; skil ful. 
will ; wil ful. 
fill; fulfil, fulfilment. 

roll ; un roll, un roll ing, en roll, en rol ment. 
dull ; dul ness. 

full ; ful ness, ful some, ful fil, hand ful, spoon ful. # 
bull ; bul rush, bul lock. 

Class 48. 

Words of one syllable ending in a single consonant, 
having a single vowel before it, generally double the 
consonant tohen another syllable is added; and this 
rule also applies to words of more than one syllable, 
if the accent be on the last. 

bat ting bed ding hem ming 

web bing red ding dim ming 

bob bing wed ding brim ming 

job bing sled ding trim ming 

mob bing shed ding hum ming 

rob bing bid ding thrum ming 

sob bing rid ding fan ning 

throb bing nod ding plan ning 

rub bing plod ding man ning 

drub bing bud ding span ning 

scrub bing scud ding tan ning 



* This primitive ends many adjectives in our language, but it 
is invariably spelled/wi, the u being sounded like u in bull. See 
Class 35, page 55. 



73 



scan ning 


spar ring 


be gin ning 


pen ning 


star ring 


jap an ning 


pin ning 


war ring 


re fit ting 


win ning 


mat ting 


o mit ting 


sin ning 


bet ting 


com mit ting 


tin ning 


get ting 


sub mit ting 


skin ning 


wet ting 


al lot ting 


thin ning 


let ting 


in cur ring 


gun ning 


set ting 


de mur ring 


pun ning 


fit ting 


oc cur ring 


piiti y\ i ki rr 


hit ting 
split ting 




luii limy 
shun ning 


wed ded I 


stun ning 


spit ting 


nod ded 


cap ping 


sit ting 


plod ded 


lap ping 


quit ting 


bud ded 


clap ping 


twit ting 


scud ded 


flap ping 


dot ting 


fit ted 


nap ping 


blot ting 


spit ted 


snap ping 


plot ting 


quit ted 


step ping 


rot ting: 


twit ted 


slip ping 


spot ting 


dot ted 


rip ping 


smut ting 


blot ted 


trip ping 


strut ting 


plot ted 


1 strip ping 


put ting* 


rot ted 


hop ping 


im pel ling 


spot ted 


shop ping 


com pel ling 


smut ted 


mop ping 


re pel ling 


strut ted 


crop ping 


dis pel ling 


im bed ded 


drop ping 


ex pel ling 


re fit ted 


stop ping 


pro pel ling 


o mit ted 


jar ring 


dis til ling 


com mit ted 


mar ring 


con trol ling 


sub mit ted 


tar ring 


an mil ling 


al lot ted 


bar ring 


* U as in bull. 


1 



74 



Note. — Some words ending in single /, without having the 
accent on the last syllable, have yet doubled the consonant; as, 
travel, traveller; libel, libellous; duel, duelling; but the cus- 
tom of omitting the latter I is gaining ground, and will probably 
prevail. The words to which this remark applies are the 
following : — 



apparel 


drivel 


label 


quarrel 


bevel 


duel 


laurel 


ravel 


bowel 


embowel 


level 


travel 


cancel 


enamel 


libel 


revel 


carol 


equal 


marshal 


rival 


cavil 


gambol 


marvel 


rowel 


channel 


gravel 


model 


shovel 


chisel 


grovel 


panel 


shrivel 


counsel 


handsel 


parcel 


snivel 


cudgel 


hatchel 


pencil 


tassel 


dial 


jewel 


pistol 


trammel 


dishevel 


kennel 


pommel 


un ravel 



Of these words Worcester says, " They are spelled in the dic- 
tionaries of Perry and Webster with a single I, and this mode is 
more or less favored by Ash and Walker, and by Bishop Lowth 
and other scholars, and it evidently better accords with the 
analogy of the language." 

Worship doubles the p when a syllable is added, but parallel 
never doubles the final I. 



The words in the above note may, then, be considered 
exceptions ; but the general rule holds, although the 
two syllables are pronounced as one, the E before the 
final D becoming silent, although sometimes this 
last syllable is pronounced separately by incorrect 
speakers. 



ebbed 

webbed 

bobbed 

mobbed 

robbed 

sobbed 

throbbed 



rubbed 

drubbed 

scrubbed 

called 

galled 

squalled 

walled 



felled 

smelled 

spelled 

shelled 

swelled 

yelled 

quelled 



filled 

chilled 

killed 

spilled 

trilled 

thrilled 

tilled 



75 



willed 

lolled 

rolled 

culled 

pulled 

shammed 

hemmed 

dimmed 

brimmed 

trimmed 

hummed 

thrummed 



fanned 

manned 

planned 

spanned 

tanned 

scanned 

penned 

pinned 

sinned 

tinned 

skinned 

thinned 



punned 

shunned 

stunned 

erred 

jarred 

marred 

tarred 

barred 

sparred 

starred 

warred 



purred 

bagged 

gagged 

lagged 

flagged 

bragged 

dragged 

wagged 

re called 

ful filled 

un rolled 



In the following words, the E is silent, and the D has the 
sound of T. A few of these words are sometimes con- 
tracted, T being substituted for the last syllable ; as, 
Tost, Past, Dropt, Stript ; but, as this contraction 
gives to regular verbs an irregular form, it should be 
avoided* 



quaffed 

scoffed 

cuffed 

puffed 

snuffed 

capped 

lapped 

clapped 

flapped 

napped 

snapped 



stepped 

slipped 

ripped 

tripped 

stripped 

hoped 

mopped 

cropped 

dropped 

stopped 

classed 



passed 

glassed 

grassed 

blessed 

pressed 

kissed 

hissed 

missed 

tossed 

re passed 

con fessed 



pro fessed 
re dressed 
pos sessed 
de pressed 
re pressed 
im pressed 
com pressed 
op pressed 
dis tressed 
trans gressed 
en grossed 



* It may be remarked, also, that, when the past tense is pro- 
nounced in one syllable, correct writers and printers never omit 
the e, and supply its place before d with an apostrophe, thus, lovd, 
bless'd, &c., for the only object of thus contracting words is to 
reduce the number of syllables; but this contraction neither altera 
the number of syllables nor the pronunciation of the word. 



76 





Class 49. 






(Continued 


on page 166.) 




Words of which the chief characteristic is 


the doubling 


of some consonant. If 


the word has 


also another 


characteristic, it is repeated in its appropriate Class. 




Accented on t) 


ie first syllable. 




ab bot 


blad der 


traf fie 


beg gar 


ab bey 


mad den 


saf fron 


gig gle 


ab bess 


sad den 


scaf fold 


nig gard 


rab bit 


sad die 


chaf finch 


pig gin 


tab by 


sad dler 


ef fort 


bog gle 


dab ble 


strad die 


dif fer 


strug gle 


rab ble 


med die 


of fer 


smug gle 


crab bed 


ped die 


prof fer 


j u g g^ 


peb ble 


ped dler 


coffin 


buggy 


bib ber 


fiddle 


cof fee 


rug ged 


scrib ble 


mid die 


office 


bal lad 


quib ble 


quid die 


suf fer 


bal last 


gib bet 


rid die 


suf fix 


bal lot 


crib bage 


grid die 


suf frage 


dally 


gob ble 


giddy 


muf fle 


tally 


cob ble 


rid dance 


scuf fle 


gal ley 


cob bier 


fod der 


shuf fle 


gal Ion 


rob ber 


hud die 


ruf fle 


gal lop 


bob bin 


pud die 


buf fet 


shal lop 


rub ber 


sud den 


snuf fers 


gal lows 


rub bish 


rud dy 


muffin 


cal lous 


blub ber 


rud der 


dag ger 


bal let 


stub born 


shud der 


bag gage 


vel lum 


ac cent 


pud ding 


mag got 


bel lows 


vac cine 


chaf fer 


rag ged 


trel lis 


stuc CO 


afflux 


stag ger 


J ell y 


ad der 


baffle 


strag gle 


pil lage 


lad der 


snaf fle 


drag gle 


wil low 



71 



vil lage 


trim ming 


snap pish 


ser rate 


pil low 


com ment 


grap pie 


ter race 


pil lar 


com merce 


pep per 


mir ror 


bil let 


sum mer 


rip pie 


sir rah 


bil low 


sum mit 


crip pie 


por ridge 


fillet 


drum mer 


tip pet 


hor ror 


skil let 


plum met 


pip pin 


hor rid 


mil let 


sum mon 


slip per 


tor rid 


col lar 


rum mage 


skip per 


sor rel 


dol lar 


gum my 


flip pant 


tur ret 


col lect 


tan ner 


poppy 


hur ry 


col lege 


ban ner 


cop per 


cur ry 


scol lop 


ban nock 


stop pie 


cur rant 


sul len 


can non 


crup per 


as sets 


bully 


man na 


sup per 


tas sel 


fully 
pul ley 


chan nel 


sup pie 


clas sic 


flan nel 


pup pet 


mas sive 


bul lock 


ken nel 


mar ry 


pas sive 


wool ly 


fen nel 


tar ry 


pas sage 


wool len 


ren net 


ar rack 


cas sock 


gram mar 


pen non 


ar row 


ves sel 


stam mer 


din ner 


bar row 


mes sage 


ham mer 


sin ner 


mar row 


mis sal 


ram mer 


win ner 


spar row 


mis sile 


tram mel 


lin net 


par rot 


mis sive 


com ma 


pin nace 


bar ren 


fis sure 


com mon 


pin nate 


gar ret 


gos sip 


ham mock 


son net 


bar rel 


fos sil 


mam moth 


bon net 


nar rate 


at tic 


gam mon 


fun nel 


bar rack 


cat tie 


mam mon 


fun ny 


er ror 


rat tie 


sim mer 


run net 


ter ror 


clat ter 


glim mer 


cun ning 


er rand 


hat ter 


trim mer 


ap pie 


fer ret 


mat ter 



7 # 



78 



bat ter 


bat tie 


twit ter 


ut ter 


scat ter 


prat tie 


lit tie 


but ter 


chat ter 


tat tier 


brit tie 


gut ter 


shat ter 


mat tress 


skit tish 


shut ter 


lat ter 


bet ter 


quit tance 


flut ter 


flat ter 


let ter 


ot ter 


mut ter 


smat ter 


fet ter 


pot ter 


slut tish 


pat ter 


set tie 


bot tie 


but tress 


spat ter 


net tie 


bot tling 


daz zle 


fat ten 


pet tish 


mot to 


diz zy 


flat ten 


bit ter 


grot to 


driz zle 


pat tern 


frit ter 


sot tish 


buz zard 


slat tern 


lit ter 


cot tage 


puz zle 


lat tice 


glit ter 


bot torn 


muz zle 




Accented on the second syllable. 




ac curse 


ef feet 


com mend 


sup plant 


ac cede 


of fend 


com mence 


sur round 


ac cord 


of fence 


com mit 


ar ray 


ac cost 


dif fuse 


com mune 


ar rive 


ac claim 


suf fuse 


com mute 


ar rest 


ac count 


ag gress 


im mure 


cor rect 


oc cult 


ag grieve 


im mense 


cor rode 


oc cur 


al lot 


an nex 


cor rupt 


sue cess 


al low 


an neal 


hur rah 


sue ceed 


al loy 


an nounce 


as sert 


sue cinct 


al lure 


an nul 


as sess 


ad diet 


al lude 


con nect 


as size 


ad duce 


il lude 


con nive 


as sort 


ad dress 


il lume 


ap prize 


as surne 


af ford 


pol lute 


op pose 


as sure 


af flict 


col late 


sup pose 


as sist 


af fray 


col lapse 


sup ply 


pos sess 


af front 


mam ma 


sup port 


dis sent 


ef face 


com mand 


sup press 


les see 





79 




dis solve 


mis state at tract at tain 


mis spend 


at tack at 


tend at tire 


mis spell 


at tach at test set tee 




Class 50. 




Words in which WH is sounded 


as if written HW. 


It is a very common error to pronounce WH as if the H 


were silent. 


This practice , besides its impropriety, has 


a tendency 


to confound words of very different meaning ; 


as, Whet, 


to sharpen, with Wet 


to moisten; When, 


at what time, with Wen, an excrescence; While, 


during, wi 


th Wile, a trick ; and so of many others. 


whale 


whir 


whis ker 


what 


whirl 


whis ky 


wharf 


why 


whit low 


whet 


while 


whith er 


when 
whence 


whilst 
whit 




whi ten 


whelk 


white 


whi ting 


whelp 


whine 


white ness 


whelm 


whale bone 


white wash 


whey 


whet stone 


whir ring 


wheel 


wher ry 


whirl pool 


wheeze 


wheth er 


whirl wind 


wheat 


where fore 


whirl i gig 


where 


where to 


whim si cal 


whiz 


else where 


whit sun tide 


whig 


whee die 


whif fie tree 


whip 


whim sej 






whim 


whip ping 


wher ev 7 er 


whiff 
which 


whis tie 
whit tie 




where with al 7 


whisk 


whim per 


o ver whelm 7 


whist 


whis per 





80 





Class 51. 

Words ending in A. 




A at the end 
siah; and 
of long A 
names; as 


of a word is pronounced 
care must be taken not to 
in Fate. The same rule 
, America, Asia, Africa, 


like AH in Mes- 
give it the sound 
applies to proper 
China, fyc. 




Accented on the first syllabi 


e. 


la va 
dra ma 
lar va 
man na 


mi ca bo a 
stig ma hy dra 
vil la al ge bra 
vis ta a re a 


plat i na 
stam i na 
lam i na 
dah li a 


stan za 
sen na 
ze bra 


so da op e ra 
so fa taf fe ta 
dog ma ma ni a 


ret i na 
scrof u la 


ar ma da 
ba na na 


Accented on the second syllable. 

urn brel la mol lus ca 
di lem ma am mo ni a 


er ra ta 
ti a ra 
sul ta na 
pi az za 


du en na 
sa li va 
e nig ma 
ce dil la 


mam ma li a 
pa rab o la 
ta ran tu la 




ho san na 


di plo ma 


pan o ra 7 ma 


i de a 


1 o ta 


pan a ce' a 


o me ga 
hy e na 
a re na 


au ro ra 
co pay va 


in flu en 7 za 
tap i o / ca 




Class 52. 




(Continued on page 136.) 

Words ending in ENT and ENCE. 


This Class has been compiled to enable the teacher to 
correct the very common fault of pronouncing these 
terminations as if they were loritten UNT and UNCE ; 
as, Ab-sunt, Pres-unce, fyc. TJie E is not sounded 



81 



so fully 


as in Con-sent, In-vent, and other loords \ 


where it 


's accented, but still the sound 


only differs in 


degree, and not in kind. 




ab sence 


re gent 


pig ment 


ca dence 


co gent 


mo ment 


pru dence fill gent 


tor ment 


si lence 


pun gent 


ser pent 


pres ence 


cli ent 


ab sent 


six pence 


si lent 


pres ent 


sen tence 


frag ment 


la tent 


de cent 


pave ment 


po tent 


re cent 


parch ment 


tor rent 


ar dent 


gar ment 


cur rent 


tri dent 


seg ment 


fer vent 


tan gent 


clem ent 


sol vent 




Class 53. 


• 


Words in 


which UE and EU have the sound of long 




U in Cube. 






Accented on the first syllable. 




cue 


ar gue vir tue 


res i due 


glue 


val ue is sue 


rev e nue 


sue 


res cue tis sue 


av e nue 


a gue 
feud 


stat ue bar be cue 


ret i nue 
pleu ri sy 


feud al neu ter 


deuce 


neu tral tues day 

Accented on the second syllable. 


eu lo gy 


en sue 


in due un due 


pur sue 


im bue 


ven due sub due 


con tin ue 
ic 


;u tral i ty teu ton 




Accented on the third syllable. 




am a teur 


eu ro pe an deu 


ter on o my 



82 





Class 54. 


Words 


in which UI is variously sounded. 




UI as I long in Pine. 


guide* 

guile 

guise 


guile ful 
guile less 
gui dance 


mis guide 7 
dis guise 7 
be guile 7 




UI as I short in Pin. 


build 
guilt 
build er 


build ing 
guilt j 
guilt less 


re build 7 
guit ar 7 




UI as U long in Cube. 


suit 

juice 

sluice 


jui cy non suit 
nui sance law suit 
suit or suit a ble 


UI as OO in the word Cool. 


fruit 
cruise 
bruise 
fruit ful 


fruit less 
fruit tree 
cruis ing 
bruis ing 


re emit 7 
un fruit 7 ful 




Class 55. 


Words 


in which EA is variously sounded. 




EA as E short in Met. 


dead 
head 
bread 
dread 


tread breadth health 
stead (}eaf stealth 
spread realm wealth 
thread dealt cleanse 


* Walker pronounces these words as if an e came between 
the u and i, thus : gueide, gueile, &c. 



83 



meant 
breast 
sweat 
threat 
death 
breath 
read y 
mead ow 
dread ed 
dread ful 
thread bare 



stead y 
stead fast 
break fast 
health y 
wealth y 
zeal ot 
zeal ous 
seam stress 
weap on 
peas ant 
pleas ant 



pleas ure 
meas ure 
treas ure 
breast plate 
threat en 
heath er 
hath er 
weath er 
heav en 
leav en 
heav y 



Accented on the second syllable. 

be head in stead a breast 



heard* 

earth 

earl 


learn ear ly yearn ing 


hearse earn est re search 7 


pearl 


dearth earn ing re hearse 7 


earn 


earth en learn ing un heard 7 




EA as A in Care. 


bear 


bear ing for swear 


wear 


wear ing for bear 


swear 


swear ing for bear ance 




EA as A long in Fate. 


great 


break er day break 


break 


great ly beef steak 


steak 


great ness 



* A very few persons in this country have attempted to give 
ea, in the words of this subdivision, the sound ofe in met, as Mr. 
Walker directs; but a far greater number give ea the sound of 
short u in curl. 



84 





EA as A in Far. 


heart 


heart y 


heark en 


hearth 


heart felt 


dis heart' en 




Class 1. 




(Continued from page 31, and on 


page 94.) 


Words in which A has its long sound, as in Fate. 


Accented on the first syllable. 


ret ro grade 


pec u late 


ven er ate 


mar ma lade 


spec u late 


des e crate 


rec re ate 


reg u late 


ex e crate 


rep ro bate 


stim u late 


pen e trate 


ad vo cate 


stip u late 


dec o rate 


dep re cate 


mod u late 


in du rate 


im pre cate 


con su late 


con se crate 


dis lo cate 


un du late 


op er ate 


ed u cate 


vi o late 


lu cu brate 


ab ro gate 


des ig nate 


grad u ate 


der o gate 


sat u rate 


act u ate 


del e gate 


eel e brate 


fluct u ate 


prop a gate 


gen er ate 


el e vate 


con ju gate 


lib er ate 


ren o vate 


sub ju gate 


tol er ate 


ex ca vate 


gran u late 


ul cer ate 


po ten tate 


cal cu late 


sep ar ate 




Accented on the second syllable. 


ar range ment 


vi ra go 


en dan ger 


es trange ment vol ca no 


pro fane ness 


ar ca num 


tor na do 


mo 5a ic 


po ma turn 


oc ta vo 


pro 5a ic 


ver ba tim 


po ta to 


tes ta trix 


bra va do 


dis grace ful 







de fal cate 
in cul cate 
in un date 
e Ion gate 
pro mul gate 



85 

con tern plate 
con cen trate 
de mon strate 
re mon strate 
il lus trate 



ex cul pate 
de vas tate 
a pos tate 
in tes tate 
com pen sate 



Accented on the third syllable. 

lem on ade bal us trade mis be have 

cav al cade dis en gage un der take 

am bus cade dis ar range o ver rate 

ser e nade in ter change 



Class 2. 

(Continued from page 32.) 

Words in which A has its short soimd, as in Fat. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

par a pet 
car a van 
an a gram 
car a way 
cat a ract 
tam a rind 
al ba tross 
al ka li 
as te risk 
ban ter er 

Accented on the second syllable. 



vac u um 
am u let 
cas u ist 
man u script 
strat a gem 
ar a bic 



vag a bond 
am a zon 
par a sol 



scav en ger 
mack er el 
al bin ess 
can is ter 
al co hoi 
mas to don 
bar on et 
bar on ess 
cal o mel 
mal con tent 



es tab lish 
in hab it 
di dac tic 
i tal ic 
i am bic 
pe dan tic 



gi gan tic 
ro man tic 
e las tic 
sar cas tic 
mo nas tic 
fa nat ic 



pm mat ic 
dra mat ic 
a quat ic 
ec stat ic 
grim al kin 
a mal gam 



S 



86 



sub al tern* dis as ter 



en am el 
me an der 
de can ter 
em pan el 



at tach merit 
de tach ment 
an at o mist 
as par a gus 



su per add 7 
un der stand 7 
al a bas 7 ter 



Class 3. 

(Continued from page 33.) 

Words in which E has its long sound, as in Me. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

se ri es a ri es 

Accented on the second syllable. 

co he rence 
in he rent 
vice ge rent 

Accented on the third syllable. 

ker sey mere per se ver ance 

in sin cere 

per se vere 

in com plete 

an te ce dent 

in ter fer ence 

in co her ence 



the o rem 

al le gro 
tor pe do 
se ce der 

an te cede 
in ter cede 
su per sede 
con tra vene 
in ter vene 
su per vene 
in ter fere 



ob so lete 

mu se um 
ly ce um 
pan the on 



col os se um 
hy me ne 7 al 
ap o the 7 o sis 

ep i cu re 7 an 



Clas-s 4. 

(Continued from page 34.) 

Words in which E has its short sound, as in Met. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

lect u rer pend u lum hep ta gon 

cher u bim dem o crat hex a gon 

spec u lum dec a gon meth od ist 



In the United States, this word is usually pronounced sub-ol- 



87 



ex or cist 


ben e fit 


self ish ness 


ex ta sy 


her e tic 


harm less ness 


ec sta sy 


splen e tic 


abject ness 


rec om pense 


prem is es 


rev er end 


ret ro spect 






Accented on the second syllable. 


de vel op 


mo men turn 


fo ren sic 


to geth er 


in trep id 


au then tic 


de cem ber 


dis rel ish 


con cen trie 


no vem ber 


re plen ish 


ge ner ic 


sep tern ber 


u ten sil 


do mes tic 


re mem ber 


me men to 


ma jes tic 


con tern ner 


de crep it 


ath let ic 


dis tern per 


dis cred it 


pa thet ic 


an ces tral 


in her it 


cos met ic 


se ques ter 


e lee trie 


mag net ic 


dish ev el 


ec lee tic 


for get ful 


pre cep tor 


an gel ic 


neg lect ful 


in tent ness 


po lem ic 


re spect ful 


in tense ness 


a lem bic 


re venge ful 


Accented on the third syllable. 


dis re spect 


com pre hend 


rep re sent 


in ter sect 


rep re hend 


dis con tent 


in ter cept 


sub tra hend 


cir cum vent 


o ver set 


co ex tend 






Class 5. 






(Continued from page 35.) 




Words in which I has its long sound, as in Pine. 


Accented on the first syllable. 


vi o let 


di a lect 


mi cro scope 


i ron y 


di a gram 


si ne cure 


ni tro gen 


di o cess 




— 



88 



rec on cile 


eel an dine 


rec on dite 


croc o dile 


col um bine 


er u dite 


in fan tile 


pan to mime 


par a site 


in fan tine 


cock a trice 


stal ac tite 


ser pen tine 


an thra cite 


par a dise 


tur pen tine 


ex pe dite 


ex er cise 


Accented on the second syllable. 


hi a tus 


ex cise man 


pro vi so 


re ci tal 


de vi ser 


ho ri zon 


re vi sal 


sub scri ber 


un mind ful 


re pri sal 


sub si dence 


in qui ry 


re qui tal 






Accented on the third syllable. 


su per scribe 


in ter line 


su per vise 


cir cum scribe 


in ter twine 


re u nite 


co in cide 


dis in cline 


im po lite 


sub di vide 


un der mine 


su per vi sor 


dis o blige 


coun ter mine 


ad ver ti ser 


su per fine 


ad ver tise 


ad ver ti sing 




Class 6. 






(Continued from page 37.) 




Words in which 


I has its short sound, as in Pin. 


Accented on the first syllable. 


min u et 


pick er el 


in ter est 


min is ter 


witch er y 


in ter im 


sin is ter 


hith er to 


im pe tus 


min a ret 


pil fer er 


cit a del 


big ot ed 


wil der ness 


chiv* al ry 


wick ed ness 


wil ful ness 


riv u let 


rick et y 






* Ch as in Chin. 



89 





Accented on the second 


syllable. 




pro hib it 


in trin sic 


di min ish 




ex hib it 


ex trin sic 


con sid er 




pa cif ic 


sta tis tics 


de liv er 




spe cif ic 


un skil ful 


for give ness 




pro lif ic 


in sip id 


re miss ness 




e clip tic 


dis pir it 


e lix ir 






Accented on the third 


syllable. 




con tra did 


; vi o lin 


man u mit 




in ter diet 


in dis tinct 


in ter mix 






Class 7. 








(Continued from page 38.) 




Words in - 


ffhich O has its long sound, as in No. 

Accented on the first syllable. 




droll e ry 
an ec dote 


hope ful ly 


pen te cost 
mi cro scope 




tel e scope 




an te lope 


hor o scope 


hel le bore 




mis an thrope 


, 






Accented on the second 


syllable. 




oc to ber 


more o ver 


mo rose ness 




ab do men 


he ro ic 


en gross ment 




de co rum 


jo cose ness 


re mote ness 






Accented on the third 


syllable. 




al a mode 


here to fore 


in dis pose 




in ter lope 


ev er more 


de com pose 




un der go 


in ter pose 


dis com pose 

— — 





90 



Class 8. 

(Continued from page 39.) 

Words in which O has its short sound, as in Not. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

ob e lisk con ju gal mor al ist 

dc u list cor o net bot an ist 

con n dant cor o ner prov en der 

Accented on the second syllable. 

a bol ish spas mod ic ex ot ic 

de mol ish a cros tic im prop er 

ad mon ish prog nos tic de pos it 

as ton ish des pot ic as tron o mer 

i on ic nar cot ic cir cum volve' 
la con ic 



Class 9. 

(Continued from page 40.) 

Words in which U has its long sound, as in Cube. 

Let the attention of the pupil be directed to the remaining words 
of this Class, in which the long sound of u must be preserved. 
The great fault of New Englanders and their offspring is, pro- 
nouncing the u as if it was oo — magnitoode, institoote, &c. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

rau tu al du el ling nat u ral ist 

fu ne ral flu en cy in su la ted 

nu me ral lu na cy ob du rate ness 

nu tri ment cu ra cy lit er at ure 

nu cle us cu cum ber tern per at ure 

ju gu lar use ful ness sept u a gint 

du ti ful use less ness ju di cat ure 

lu na tic cent u ry 



hab it ude al ti tude rec ti tude 

mag ni tude grat i tude plen i tude 



91 



for ti tude 


ap ert ure 


ex e cute 


tur pi tude 


cur vat ure 


pros e cute 


sol i tude 


lig a ture 


res o lute 


Ion gi tude 


sig na ture 


dis so lute 


lat i tude 


fur ni ture 


ab so lute 


mul ti tude 


gar ni ture 


in ter lude 


apt i tude 


ar ma ture 


sub ter fuge 


at ti tude 


o vert ure 


in sti tute 


ves ti bule 


sep ul ture 


sub sti tute 


rid i cule 


si ne cure 


con sti tute 


ret i cule 


ep i cure 




Accented on the second syllable. 


pur su ant 


a cu men 


tra du cer 


en dur ance 
mis fort une 


bi tu men 


che ru bic 
ad vent u rer 


sim il i tude 


in qui et ude 


be at i tude 


in vest i ture 


Accented on the third syllable. 


im por tune 


in se cure 


im ma ture 


op por tune 


clare ob scure 


dis a buse 


in tro duce 


pre ma ture 


em bra sure 




Class 10. 






(Continued from page 41. 


) 


Words in which U has its short sound, as in Tub. 


Accented on the first syllable. 


punct u al 


tur mer ic 


o ver plus 


Accented on the second syllable. 


I a sun der 


in struct er 


re pub lie 


J co nun drum 


in struct ress 


mis trust ful 


Accented on the third syllable. 


o ver run re 


im burse 



Class 56. 

Words in which I, at the end of an unaccented syl- 
lable, has its short sound, as in Pin. 

77u's Class might have been included in the 6th ; but, as 
these icords present one of the greatest obstacles in the 
path of the young speller, in consequence of his mis- 
taking the short sound of I for the long sound of E, 
to which even Walker refers it, it has been thought 
prudent to collect these words into a Class by them- 
selves. 

Whenever it was possible to unite the I with the follow- 
ing consonant, and secure the correct pronunciation of 
it, this has been done in the preceding Classes ; but the 
following words do not admit of any such union, with- 
out offence to the eye or to the organs of utterance. 

ma ni ac ar bi ter lex i con 

pa tri ot ar bi trate 

ra di us har di ness 

tar di ness 



ra pi er 
la zi ness 
wa ri ness 
state li ness 
man li ness 
cab i net 
al i qnot 
cal i co 
fan ci ful 
man i fold 
man i fest 
scant i ness 
cap i tol 
mar i ner 
mar i gold 
bas i lisk 
az i muth 



e qui nox 
ge ni us 
me di um 
pe ri od 
re qui em 
pre mi um 
sed i ment 
med i tate 
em i grant 
cent i ped 
men di cant 
sen ti nel 
ep i gram 
ep i thet 
per i wig 



in fi del 
cit i zen 
six ti eth 
thir ti eth 
sim i Je 
in di go 
div i dend 
sir i us 



zo di ac 
fo li o 
o di um 
o pi um 
ob vi ate 
pol i tic 
pol i tics 
mon i tress 
cod i cil 



93 








i 


or i gin 


ju ni per 


sem i qua ver | 


por ti co 


u ni corn 


rem e di less 


ob li gor 


u ni form 


im bri ca ted 




mul ti form 
sulk i ness 


twen ti eth 


lu ci fer 


Accented on the second syllable. 


di gest 


i den ti cal 


im pol i tic 


di vest 


be nef i cence 


in cog ni to 


di gress 


sub ser vi ent 


am mo ni ac 


di rect 


ma te ri al 


de mo ni ac 


di vide 


con ge ri es 


en co mi um 


di vine 


ar tif i cer 


eu lo gi um 


di vorce 


ba sil i con 


sen so ri um 


di vulge 


le vit i cus 


tri um vi rate 


di lute 


re cip i ent 


de cem vi rate 


in del i ble 


ex or di um 


im pu ni ty 


im ped i ment 


ex pos i tor 


ge ra ni um 


Accented on the third syllable. 


pal i sade 
in di rect 


ep i dem ic 
ep i lep tic 




per i era ni um 


an i mal cule 


man i fes to 


per i he li um 


rau ri at ic 


sper ma ce ti 


e qui lib ri um 


af fi da vit 


vit ri ol ic 


or a to ri o 


glad i a tor 


sal ma gun di 




Accented on the fourth syllable. 


mul ti pli can 

The following u 


d an i mad vert 


re cog ni zee 

ng the short I, are 


ords, besides containi 


also examples 


of the general rule, 


by which E final 


lengthens the vowel that comes before it in the same 


syllable. No 


separate Class has been made of such 


words, but they have been separated from the other 


words in Classes 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. 


A separate Class 


was made of i 


'he exceptions, and numbered 43. 



94 



Accented on the first syllable. 


ra di ate 


in sti gate 


sal i vate 


me di ate 


fu mi gate 


cap ti vate 


de vi ate 


ven ti late 


cul ti vate 


spo li ate 


mu ti late 


cent i grade 


ab di cate 


an i mate 


hur ri cane 


ded i cate 


es ti mate 


mat ri cide 


ex tri cate 


sub li mate 


pat ri cide 


in di cate 


ru mi nate 


frat ri cide 


vin di cate 


ml mi nate 


horn i cide 


lu bri cate 


as pi rate 


su i cide 


rus ti cate 


em i grate 


ep i sode 


can di date 


trans mi grate 


ar ti choke 


lit i gate 


hes i tate 


sem i tone 


mit i gate 


im i tate 


an ti dote 


nav i gate 


grav i tate 


va ri e gate 


cas ti gate 


pal pi tate 




Accented on the second syllable. 


ir ra di ate 


pon tif i cate 


pre dom i nate , 


re tal i ate 


in tox i cate 


e man ci pate 


ca lum ni ate 


in tim i date 


de cap i tate 


pre var i cate 


in ves ti gate 


fa cil i tate 


e rad i cate 


dis sem i nate 


in fan ti cide 




Class 57. 




Words ending in SM, pronounced like ZM. 


These words are 


collected together to enable the teacher 


to correct a vicious pronunciation, 


as if U came be- 


tween S and IV 


'., and the words loert 


i El-um, Pris-um, 


Spas-um, fyc, 


instead of Elm, Prism, Spasm, fyc. 


Accented on the first syllable. 


elm sar casm ju da ism 


hea then ism 


prism bap tism a the ism 


pa gan ism 


spasm tru ism pan the ism bar bar ism \ 






gal van ism 
mag net ism 
sol e cism 
an gli cism 
crit i cism 
wit ti cism 
mys ti cism 



95 

her o ism 
syl lo gism 
ex or cism 
sto i cism 
par ox ysm 
log a rithm 
mi cro cosm 



des pot ism 
e go tism 
prot es tant ism 
lib er tin ism 
pol y the ism 
id i ot ism 
pa tri ot ism 



Accented on the second syllable. 

fa nat i cism ven tril o quism ca thol i cism 

som nam bu lism em pir i cism ma te ri al ism 



Class 11. 

(Continued from page 42.) 

Words in which Y has the long sound of I, as in Pine. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

an ti type an a lyze 

pros e lyte par a lyze 

trog lo dite ste re o type 
an o dyne 

Accented on the second syllable. 

a sy lum be at i fy per son i fy 

ba ry tes e lee tri fy hy pot e nuse 

hy drau lies ex em pli fy hy drom e ter 

Accented on the third syllable. 

hy me ne al hy per bol ic al 

hy dro stat ics hy per crit ic al 



hy dro gen 
hy a cinth 
dy nas ty 
pro to type 



Besides the above words, many verbs, ending in Y, be- 
long to this Class ; and as the variations of the verb 
are not usually to be found in dictionaries, a very 
complete table has been prepared. 



cry 
fry 

P r y 

try 



en est 
fri est 
pri est 
tri est 



cries 
fries 
pries 
tries 



cri eth 
fri eth 
pri eth 
tri eth 



cried 
fried 
pried 
tried 



cry ing 
fry ing 
pry ing 
try ing 



96 



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99 





Class 12. 




(Contii 


iued from page 42, and 01 


l page 120.) 


Words in which Y has the short sound of I as in Pin. 


Accented on the first syllable. 


cyl in der 


styg i an 


cop y ist 


syl la bub 


pyr a mid 


pol y glot 


syl lo gize 
sym pa thize 


tyr an ny 


pol y pus 


tyr an nize 


ox y gen 


sym pa thy 


myr i ad 


hal cy on 


sym me try 


mys te ry 


pres byt er 


sym bo lize 


mys tic al 


sar do nyx 


tym pa num 


mys ti cism 


par ox ysm 


syn co pe 


crys tal lize 


ob lo quy 


syn the sis 


crys tal line 


col lo quy 


hyp o crite 


sys to le 


am e thyst 


typ ic al 


lab y rinth 


syn o nyme 


typ i f y 






Accented on the second s\ 


f liable. 


gym nas tics 


pyr 1 tes 


sym bol i cal 


dys pepsy 


o lym pic 


sy non y mous 


hys ter ics 


pa ral y sis 


o lym pi ad 


syn thet ic 
In the folloioing 




short, and sounded 


words, Y final is 




like I in Pin. 




pa pa cy 


pri va cy 


fer ven cy 


ar den cy 


in fan cy 


yes ter day 


stag nan cy 


po ten cy 


pros o dy 


re gen cy 


co gen cy 


cus to dy 


re cen cy 


con stan cy 


leth ar ^y 


fre quen cy 


sol ven cy 


lit ur gy 


se ere cy 


pun gen cy 


ap a thy 


prel a cy 


ur gen cy 


grate ful ly 



100 



pan o ply 


bri be ry 


rev el ry 


das tard ly 


fi e ry 


an ces try 


re al ly 


fi ne ry 


tap es try 


west er ly 


po pe ry 


ped ant ry 


n nal ly 


sur ge ry 


big ot ry 


co gent ly 


drudg e ry 


in fant ry 


in stant ly 


gran a ry 


po et ry 


in fa my 


plen a ry 


pen u ry 


eb o ny 


pri ma ry 


in dus try 


lit a ny 


ro 5a ry 


lep ro sy 


bot a ny 


rose ma ry 


po e sy 


f)in ta sy 


rec to ry 


am nes ty 


bra ve ry 


hick o ry 


trav es ty 


dra pe ry 


cur so ry 


pi e ty ' 


sla ve ry 


cav al ry 


sev en ty 


quack e ry 


ri val ry 


mod es ty 


chan ce ry 


chiv al ry 


prop er ty 


eel e ry 


her aid ry 


pov er ty 


ev e ry 

com pe ten cy 


rib aid ry 


f e al ty 
mon as ter y 


cer e mo ny 


flat u len cy 


or tho e py 


con tro ver sy 


nee ro man cy 


dil a to ry 


cas u al ty 


cir cum spect ly 


prom on to ry 


ap o plex y 


ve he ment ly 


nu ga to ry 


or tho dox y 


ig no min y 


im a ger y 




Accented on the second syllable. 


hu mane ly 


in tent ly 


im bod y 


com plete ly 


en tire ly 


un luck y 


su preme ly 
in cum ben cy 


con cise ly 


ab rupt ly 
in clem en cy 


in de cen cy 


com pla cen cy 


e mer gen cy 


vice ge ren cy 



101 



su prem a cy a pol o gy 

de moc ra cy ge ol o gy 

in con stan cy dox ol o gy 

in ad e qua cy an thol o gy 

a nal o gy mo nop o ly 

as trol o gy a nat o my 

the ol o gy e con o my 

my thol o gy as tron o my 

pa thol o gy ma hog a ny 

zo ol o gy mo not o ny 

Accented on the third syllable. 

gen e al o gy min er al o gy en to mol o gy 



mis an thro py 
i dol a try 
ge om e try 
a pos ta sy 
im pi e ty 
pro pri e ty 
va ri e ty 
so ci e ty 
anx i e ty 
so lil o quy 



In the following words, I is short, as well as Y, as in 
Class 56. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

am i ty len i ty dim i ty horn i ny 

san i ty ver i ty trin i ty luck i ly 

sane ti ty test i ly min is try mu ti ny 

chas ti ty lev i ty prob i ty scru ti ny 

brev i ty priv i ly horn i ly pu ri ty 



As nouns ending in Y short have a peculiar way of 
forming their plural number, a table of such has 
been made with the plurals annexed. The IES of 
the plural is pronounced like IZ. 



mal a dy mal a dies 
com e dy com e dies 
mel o dy mel o dies 
par o dy par o dies 
rem e dy rem e dies 
pi ra cy pi ra cies 



leg a cy leg a cies 
de cen cy de cen cies 
ten den cy ten den cies 
a gen cy a gen cies 
en er gy en er gies 
el e gy el e gies 



9* 



102 



eu Jo gy 
en e my 
fel o ny 
bar mo ny 
agony 
col o ny 
lar ce ny 
pe o ny 
cal um ny 
vil la ny 
can o py 
di a ry 
Ii bra ry 
no ta ry 
vo ta ry 
ar te ry 
lot te ry 
rob be ry 
or re ry 
gro ce ry 
for ge ry 
mis e ry 
liv e ry 
rev e ry 
fac to ry 
the o ry 
his to ry 



eu lo gies 
en e mies 
fel o nies 
har mo nies 
ag o nies 
col o nies 
lar ce nies 
pe o nies 
cal um nies 
vil la nies 
can o pies 
di a ries 
li bra ries 
no ta ries 
vo ta ries 
ar te ries 
lot te ries 
rob be ries 
or re ries 
gro ce ries 
for ge ries 
mis e ries 
liv e ries 
rev e ries 
fac to ries 
the o ries 
his to ries 



vie to ry 
cent u ry 
in ju ry 
lux u ry 
ec sta sy 
her e sy 
pen al ty 
ni ce ty 
cm el ty 
fac ul ty 
dep u ty 
an cho vy 
pol i cy 
per ii dy 
sub si dy 
prod i gy 
effigy 
fam i ly 
mu ti ny 
van i ty 
rar i ty 
char i ty 
cav i ty 
de i ty 
dig ni ty 
en mi ty 
u ni ty 



vie to ries 
cent u ries 
in ju ries 
lux u ries 
ec sta sies 
her e sies 
pen al ties 
ni ce ties 
cm el ties 
fac ul ties 
dep u ties 
an cho vies 
pol i cies 
per fi dies 
sub si dies 
prod i gies 
ef n gies 
fam i lies 
mu ti nies 
van i ties 
rar i ties 
char i ties 
cav i ties 
de i ties 
dig ni ties 
en mi ties 
u ni ties 



But if a vowel precede the final Y, only S is added, 
and the Y is not changed; as, Days, Keys, Boys, 
fyc, the final S being sounded like Z. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

es says lack eys don keys gal leys 
ab beys jock eys tur keys val leys 



103 



vol leys 
n;ed leys 
kid neys 



chim neys 
lam preys 
ker seys 



mon eys 
vice roys 



con voys 
en voys 



Accented on the second syllable. 

de cays dis plays al loys 

de lays sur veys de coys 



Adjectives ending in Y snort, change Y into I when 
they are compared, or when the adverbial termination 
LY is added. The following table will illustrate 
this rule : — 



sha dy 
tar dy 
tidy 
gree dy 
speed y 
din gy 
stin gy 
filthy 
luck y 
kind ly 
like ly 
silly 
holy 
lone ly 
state ly 
sur ly 

love ly 
spright ly 
happy 
sleep y 
mer ry 
taw dry 



sha di er 
tar di er 
ti di er 
gree di er 
speed i er 
din gi er 
stin gi er 
filth i er 
luck i er 
kind li er 
like li er 
sil li er 
ho li er 
lone li er 
state li er 
sur li er 
ug li er 
love li er 
spright li er 
hap pi er 
sleep i er 
mer ri er 



sha di est 
tar di est 
ti di est 
gree di est 
speed i est 
din gi est 
stin gi est 
filth i est 
luck i est 
kind li est 
like li est 
sil li est 
ho li est 
lone li est 
state li est 
sur li est 
ug li est 
love li est 
spright li est 
hap pi est 
sleep i est 
mer ri est 
taw dri est 



sha di ly 
tar di ly 
ti di ly 
gree di ly 
speed i ly 
din gi ly 
stin gi ly 
filth i ly 
luck i ly 
1 V* 






^ 






hap pi ly 
sleep i ly 
mer ri ly 
taw dri ly 



104 



ea sy ea si er ea si est ea si ly 

ro sy ro si er ro si est ro si ly 

clum sy clum si er clum si est clum si ly 

noi sy noi si er noi si est noi si ly 

lof ty lof ti er lof ti est lof ti ly 

daiii ty dain ti er dain ti est dain ti ly 

might y might i er might i est might i ly 

la zy la zi er la zi est la zi ly 

era zy era zi er era zi est era zi ly 



Class 13. 

(Continued from page 43.) 

Words in which A is sounded as in Far and Fast. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

ar sen ic coun ter mand pass o ver 

car pen ter fore fa ther i sin glass 

rep ri mand grass hop per 

Accented on the second syllable. 

em bar go en chant ress le thar gic 

to ma to com mand ment ant arc tic 

co part ner here af ter 

en chant ment ea thar tic su per car 7 go 

Class 24. 

(Continued from page 50.) 

Words in which O has the sound of O in Nor. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

or ge at horse rad ish nor^ er ly 

sor cer er cor ner wise ex or cise 

sor cer ess por cu pine ex or cism 

sor did ness or tho dox 

Accented on the second syllable. 

dis or der ea lor ic re morse less leg a tor 7 



105 





Class 58. 






(Continued 


on page 159.) 




Words in 


which A, in th 


i last syllable, 


has a short 


sound, not unlike that of U short in 


But. 




Accented on th 


e first syllable. 




ver bal 


mor al 


bonds man 


ten ant 


cym bal 


plu ral 


ko ran 


flip pant 


fis cal 


cen tral 


tar tan 


ar rant 


lo cal 


na sal 


cap stan 


fra grant 


vo cal 


fa tal 


rib and 


fla grant 


du cal 


men tal 


hus band 


va grant 


san dal 


pet al 


gar land 


cur rant 


scan dal 


ves tal 


er rand 


ty rant 


med al 


vi tal 


thou sand 


ex tant 


ped al 


quin tal 


rid dance 


sex tant 


mo dal 


to tal 


bal ance 


in stant 


re al 


mor tal 


pen ance 


dis tant 


le gal 


na val 


ord nance 


con stant 


re gal 


ri val 


en trance 


vie ar 


vi al 


o val 


cum brance 


ce dar 


tri al 


du al 


fra grance 


vul gar 


an nals 


e qual 


pit tance 


li ar 


car nal 


mad am 


quit tance 


pil lar 


ver nal 


bed lam 


sub stance 


po lar 


fi nal 


buck ram 


va cant 


so lar 


sig nal 


pa gan 


des cant 


col lar 


dis mal 


or gan 


ped ant 


dol lar 


nor mal 


ro man 


ver dant 


pop lar 


pa pal 


hu man 


in fant 


lu nar 


o pal 


pen man 


mer chant 


gram mar 


co pal 


kins man 


gi ant 


nee tar 


o ral 


hang man 


pli ant 


mor tar 


co ral 


church man 


stag nant 


stand ard 


flo ral 


states man 


rem nant 


hag gard 



106 



nig gard 
slug gard 
tank ard 
drunk ard 
or chard 
das tard 
mus tard 

prac tic al 
cler ic al 
met ric al 
con ic al 
top ic al 
trop ic al 
bip e dal 
lin e al 
ar se nal 
fed er al 
sev er al 
min er al 
in te gral 
lit er al 
cer e bral 
pas to ral 
pec to ral 
or de al 
cor po ral 
grad u al 
man u al 



cus tard for ward 

east ward back ward 

home ward up ward 

on ward down ward 

in ward giz zard 

out ward liz ard 

to ward wiz ard 



ram part 
at las 
bi as 
car cass 
wind lass 
cut lass 
tres pass 



Accented on the first syllable. 

act u al coun te nance 



rit u al 
punct u al 
script u ral 
nat u ral 
cas u al 
vis u al 
mar gin al 
in ter val 
al co ran 
mus sul man 
mus sul mans 
el e gance 
pet u lance 
tern per ance 
hin der ance 
tol er ance 
ut ter ance 
sev er ance 
ig no ranee 
main te nance 



sus te nance 
dis so nance 
con so nance 
res o nance 
dis crep ance 
mis ere ant 
rec re ant 
el e gant 
ar ro gant 
con so nant 
dis crep ant 
ig no rant 
con ver sant 
vis it ant 
prot est ant 
ad ju tant 
dis pu tant 
rel e vant 
lin e ar 
vin e gar 



The teacher will notice the long U also in the following 

words : — 

Accented on the first syllable. 

tab u lar sin gu lar tit u lar 

glob u lar an nu lar oc u lar 



107 



joe u lar 


pop u lar 


cell u lar 


con su lai 


reg u lar 


sec u lar 


in su lar 






The teacher wi 


11 notice the I short also in the follow- 


ing words, accented, like the preceding, on the first 


syllable : — » 






prod i gal 


or di nal 


par ti san 


ge ni al 


ad mi ral 


pu ri tan 


me ni al 


cap i tal 


ra di ance 


ve ni al 


hos pi tal 


va ri ance 


jo vi al 


car ni val 


or di nance 


an i mal 


fes ti val 


cog ni zance 


sem i nal 


pel i can 


sup pli ant 


crim i nal 


pub li can 


dom i nant 


car di nal 


ar ti san 


as pi rant 


Accented on the second 


syllable. 


i de al 


ac quit tal 


de fi ance 


il le gal 


trans mit tal 


al li ance 


ca the dral 


dis po sal 


re li ance 


co e qual 


pro po sal 


com pli ance 


co e val 


im mor tal 


re sem blance 


un e qual 


tri bu nal 


re pug nance 


pri me val 


re fu sal 


en dur ance 


fra ter nal 


au turn nal 


in cum brance 


pa ter nal 


di ur nal 


re mem brance 


ma ter nal 


noc tur nal 


re mon strance 


e ter nal 


ca rou sal 


ap pear ance 


ex ter nal 


in hu man 


ad mit tance 


in ter nal 


dis turb ance 


re mit tance 


in fer nal 


dis cord ance 


ac quit tance 


de ni al 


con cord ance 


as sist ance 


re vi sal 


a bun dance 


re sist ance 


ar ri val 


re dun dance 


re pent ance 


bap tis mal 


af fi ance 


ac cept ance 



108 



ac quaint ance 
re luct ance 
im port ance 
ob serv ance 
con tri vance 
al low ance 
de fend ant 



ap pend ant 
a bun dant 
ma Hg nant 
in dig nant 
be nig nant 
com plain ant 
in form ant 



ex pect ant 
re luct ant 
im port ant 
in con stant 
ac count ant 
pur su ant 
re cu sant 



spen cer 
bar ber 



Class 59. 

in which ER has the sound of UR in Cur. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

Ian tern 
cis tern 
cav ern 
tav ern 
ad verb 
com merce 
ad verse 
trav erse 
ver diet 
ver min 
ver bal 
ver dant 
di vers 
di verse 
mod ern 



Words 

her 

verb 

perch 

merge 

verge 

jerk 

clerk 

term 

sperm 

germ 

fern 

stern 

err 

erst 

verse 

pert 

wert 

nerve 

serve 

swerve 



sau cer 
bor der 
for mer* 
trans fer 
fer ment 
fer vent 
fer vid 
her mit 
herds man 
cler gy 
mer cy 
mer cer 
mer chant 
per feet 
per fume 
ser vant 
ser pent 
ster ling 



mer ci ful 
mer ci less 
mer cu ry 
perjury 
per pe trate 
per fo rate 
per fi dy 
per ti nent 
per vi ous 
per se cute 
ser pen tine 
ser vi tude 
ter ma gant 
ver bal ly 
ver ber ate 
ver tic al 
ver ti go 
ver di ter 



u ber ty 

fer ven cy 

ger min ate in te ger 

her mit age har bin ger 



* Numerous other words ending in er, unaccented, belong to 
this Class ; but, having other more important characteristics, they 
are classed according to them. 



109 





Accented on the second syllable. 


de fer 


de serve 


ex pert ]y 


re fer 


ob serve 


im per feet 


pre fer 


pre serve 


per form er 


in fer 


in ter 


pre serv er 


con fer 


de ter 


al ter nate ] 


con cern 


a ver 


in ter ment 


con cert 


con verge 


in ter pret 


a lert 


di verge 


con ver gent 


in ert 


in verse 


di ver gent 


co erce 


re verse 


di ver gence 


e merge 


per verse 


in verse ly 


im merge 


con verse 


im per son al 


sub merge 


a verse 


hy per bo le 


im merse 


a vert 


e ter ni ty 


a merce 


re vert 


in ter pre ter 


su perb 


in vert 


in ter flu ent 


as perse 


di vert 


in ter po late 


dis perse 


con vert 


in ter po la tion 


ex pert 


per vert 


ver nac u lar 


per haps 


sub vert 






per plex 


con cern ment 


Third syllable. ' 


per sist 


a merce ment 


dis con cert 


per spire 


im mer sion 


un con cern 


as sert 


sub mer sion 


in ex pert 


de sert 


e ner vate 


in ter sperse 


in sert 








Class 60. 




Words in which I is long before ZE and SE. This 


Class illustrates the general rule that E final lengthens 


the preceding vowel. 






Accented on the first syllable. 


an gli cize 


ag gran dize 


gor man dize 



10 



110 



meth od ize 
sym pa thize 
syl lo gize 
sym bol ize 
crys tal lize 
an a lyze 
par a lyze 
e qual ize 
scan dal ize 
tan ta lize 
re al ize 
fer til ize 
i dol ize 
civ il ize 
sig nal ize 
mor al ize 
sub til ize 
tran quil lize 

Accented on the second 

bap tize a pol o gize 

as size mo nop o lize 

i tal i cize im mor tal ize 



tyr an nize dram a tize 



or gan ize 
col o nize 
sol em nize 
scru tin ize 
bru tal ize 
ser mon ize 
can on ize 
ag o nize 
gal van ize 
pat ron ize 
har mo nize 
au thor ize 
pul ver ize 
tern po rize 
the o rize 
mag net ize 



stig ma tize 
dog ma tize 
hu man ize 
sym bol ize 
min e ral ize 
nat u ral ize 



rec og nise 
mer chan dise 
ex er cise 
en ter prise 
com pro mise 
sat i rise 
crit i cise 
cir cum cise 
ex or cise 



a nat o mize 
e pit o mize 
par tic u lar ize 



Class 43. 

(Continued from page 60,) 

Wards in which the final E does not lengthen the 
preceding vowel. A short before E final. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

pop u lace pil grim age pas tu rage 

lin e age par ent age 

tu te lage fo li age 

pat ron age ad e quate 

her it age des pe rate 



vas sal age 
mu cil age 
pu pil age 
vie in age 






Ill 



del i cate choc o late 

trip li cate mod er ate 

ob du rate prof li gate 

fort u nate prox i mate 

Accented on the second 

ad van tage in del i cate 



ef fern i nate 
in vet er ate 
in e bri ate 
im me di ate 
con sid er ate 



lau re ate 
in ti mate 
ul ti mate 
ul ti mate ly 

yllable. 

le git i mate 
sub or di nate 
in or di nate 
pe nult i mate 
im port u nate 
dis con so late 



in car nate 
dis cour age 
en cour age 
in ad e quate 
in an i mate 



Accented on the third syllable. 

dis ad van tage in dis crim i nate 

in con sid er ate in sub or di nate 

il le git i mate an te pe nult 7 i mate 



cow ard ice 
ben e fice 
in ter stice 
ar mis tice 
lie or ice 
mer can tile 
ju ve nile 
pu e rile 
gen u ine 
her o ine 



I short before E final. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

lib er tine ad jec tive 

eg Ian tine 
cor al line 
mas cu line 
al u mine 



ab la tive 
neg a tive 
ex pie tive 
sub stan tive 



nee tar me 
ap po site 
op po site 
cu cur bite 
fa vor ite 



en gme ry 
chas tise ment 
sub tile ness 



Accented on the second syllable. 

ap pren tice con trac tile ex am ine 
in jus tice bis sex tile clan des tine 

ac com plice pro jec tile in tes tine 



112 



de ter mine 


in cent ive 


a bu sive 


re lu mine 


pre vent ive 


dif fu sive 


il lu mine 


re ten tive 


de lu sive 


a bor tive 


de cep tive 


ex clu sive 


com pos ite 


sus cep tive 


in clu sive 


in va sive 


pre cep tive 


con clu sive 


e va sive 


per cep tive 


pre lu sive 


il lu sive 


in cep tive 


a mu sive 


at tract ive 


sub ver sive 


in tru sive 


in act ive 
co he sive 


ex cess ive 


in struc tive 


pro gress ive 


sub junc tive 


de feet ive 


pos sess ive 


co er cive 


object ive 


sue cess ive 


con du cive 


e lect ive 


de ci sive 


ex ec u tive 


in vect ive 


vin die tive 


af fran chise 


cor rect ive 


re strict ive 


en fran chise 


per spect ive 


in stinct ive 


dis fran chise 


pro spect ive 


de scrip tive 


ad ver tise ment 


re fleet ive 


sub miss ive 


dis fran chise ment 


of fen sive 


ex plo sive 


ag gran dize ment 


de fen sive 


cor ro sive 


de mon stra tive 


ex pen sive 


re spon sive 


con serv a tive 


. 


Accented on the third syllable. 


ret ro spec tive al ex an drine am e thys tine 


The pupil will notice the I short , in the second syllable, 


as well as in the last. (See Class 56, page 92.) 




Accented on the first i 


'yllable. 


ar ti fice 


ul ti mate 


in fi nite 


ed i fice 


mar i time 


def i nite 


den ti frice 


med i cine 


ex qui site 


or i fice 


fern i nine 


per qui she 


prox i mate 


dis ci pline 


sen si tive 



113 



prim 1 tive pos 1 tive tran si tive 

fu gi tive nu tri tive 

Accented on the second syllable. 

de fin i tive in quis i tive an ti feb y rile 
di min u tive in tu i tive in of fen 7 sive 

in fin i tive in def i nite 



The pupil icill notice the A in the unaccented syllables, 
generally having the sound of AH short, and not that 
of A long. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

ex pli ca tive 



av a rice rel a tive 

cic a trice voc a tive 

ver sa tile priv a tive 

vol a tile hor ta tive 

al ka line lu era tive 

jes sa mine ab di ca tive 

pal a tine cop u la tive 

gel a tine em an a tive 
nar ra tive 

Accented on the second syllable. 

ac cu 5a tive cor rel a tive pre rog a tive 
de riv a tive 



fig u ra tive 
im i ta tive 
op e ra tive 
pal li a tive 
rec re a tive 
spec u la tive 
nom i na tive 



im per a tive 
in die a tive 



pre serv a tive 
re stor a tive 
su per la tive 



al ter na tive 
ap pel la tive 
af firm a tive 
com par a tive 

Accented on the third syllable. 

ad a man tine in ter rog a tive 

am a ran thine rep re sent a tive 



U before the E final, in the following words, seems to 
have an intermediate sound between U in Cube and 
U in But, as if spelled Verd-yur, Fig-yur, fyc. 
The consonant is generally attached to the preceding 
syllable to insure to the U a more correct pronun- 
ciation. 



10 



114 



Accented on the first syllable. 

verd ure fiss ure flex ure junct ure 

fig ure leis ure text ure punct ure 

per jure seiz ure pict ure cult ure 

in jure na ture strict ure vult ure 

fail ure stat ure tinct ure sculpt ure 

ten ure frac ture script ure rupt ure 

cen sure rapt ure fixt ure nurt ure 

press ure capt ure mixt ure a zure 

meas ure past ure tort ure ra zure 

pleas ure lect ure post ure joint ure 

treas ure vent ure fu ture moist ure 

feat ure gest ure su ture vol ume 

creat ure vest ure struct ure fort une 

Accented on the second syllable. 

in dent ure en clo sure 

de bent ure 
dis fiV ure 



en rapt ure 
de part ure 
pro ce dure 
con ject ure 
ad vent ure 



trans fig ure 



dis clo sure 
ex po sure 
com po sure 
im post ure 



ad mixt ure 

Accented on the third syllable. 

no men cla ture su per struct ure 

man u fact ure ag ri cult ure 

per ad vent ure ag ri cult ur ist 



Class 45. 

(Continued from page 62, and on page 133.) 

Words in which E, following L or R, is silent. 



The 
A and I of the unaccented syllables must be carefully 
pronounced like AH in Messiah and I in Pin. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

ar a ble san a ble pal pa ble 

par a ble tract a ble ca pa ble 



115 



cul pa 


ble 


cred i ble 


or a cle 


e qua 


ble 


vend i ble 


ar ti cle 


ten a 


ble 


flex i ble 


par ti cle 


li a ble 


vis i ble 


ven tri cle 


pli a ble 


ris i ble 


ves i cle 


ford a 


ble 


cm ci ble 


i ci cle s 


port a 


ble 


sol u ble 


ve hi cle 


prob a 


ble 


vol u ble 


tu ber cle 


mu ta 


ble 


man a cle 


mul ti pie 


pla ca 


ble 


bar na cle 


the a tre 


pre am ble 


spec ta cle 


ver te bre 


fran g 


i ble 


mir a cle 


cal i bre 


tan gi 


ble 


pin na cle 


mas sa ere 


ed i ble 


ob sta cle 


sep ul chre ' 




Accented, on the second syllable. 


dis sem ble 


dis a ble 


ex am pie 


as sem ble 


en a ble 


dis ci pie 


en no 


ble 


un a ble 


en ti tie 


igno 

When 


ble 
ABLE 




to words already 


or IBLE is added 


ending in E, 


the E is omitted; unless the word ends 


in CE, GE, or EE, when the final 


E is retained. 




. 


Accented on the first syllable. 


sale 


sa la ble 


fuse 


fu si ble ! 


blame 


bla ma ble 


move 


mov a ble 


tame 


ta ma ble 


ad mire 


ad 7 mi ra ble 


rate 


ra ta 


ble 


com pare 


com 7 par a ble 


tithe 


ti tha. ble 


pal ate 


pal 7 at a ble 


size 


si za 


ble 


val ue 


val 7 u a ble 


sense 


sen si ble 


cen sure 


cen 7 su ra ble 


force 


for ci 


ble 


re pute 7 


rep 7 11 ta ble 


note 


no ta 


ble 


dis pute 7 


dis 7 pu ta ble 



116 



Accented on the second syllable. 

ob serve ob serv a ble 

de fine de fin a ble 

de sire de sir a ble 

ad vise ad vis a ble 

a dore a dor a ble 

con sole con sol a ble 

re solve re solv a ble 

im prove im prov a ble 

pro cure pro cur a ble 

im pute im pu ta ble 

ex cuse ex cus a ble 

re verse re vers i ble 

Exceptions. 

trace a ble no tice a ble 

peace a ble ser vice a ble a gree' a ble 

change a ble man age a ble dis a gree ; a ble 

charge a ble dam age a ble 



In a few English words, which may be appended to this 
Class, TLE, following S, has the sound of SL ; as, 
Bris-tle, Bris-sl ; Jos-tle, Jos-sl. 



cas tie 
nes tie 
pes tie 
this tie 



whis tie 
bris tie 
gris tie 
jos tie 



bus tie 
hus tie 
jus tie 
rus tie 



fore cas tie 
e pis tie 
a pos tie 



The rule is the same, if ING or ED be added, 
Class 46, page 64.) 

cas tied cas tling jos tied 

nes tied nes tling bus tied 

whis tied whis tling hust led 

bris tied bris tling jus tied 



(See 



jos tling 
bus tling 
hus tling 
jus tling 



117 



Classes 2, 4, 6, 8. 

(Continued from pages 85, 86, 88, and 89.) 

Polysyllables that have the vowels of the accented sylla- 
bles short ; so that this lesson is a continuation of 
Classes 2, 4, 6, and 8. 

Accented on the second syllable. 

an tag o nist a rith me tic 



e van gel ist 
di am e ter 
dim ac ter ic 
di as to le 



e pit o me 
re tic u la ted 
dis in ter est ed 
ad min is ter 
ven tril o quist 



a nem o ne 
ex tern po re 
pa ren the sis 



an tith e sis 
an tip o des 

Accented on the third syllable. 

ar o mat ic 
dip lo mat ic 
em blem at ic 
math e mat ics 
mem o ran dum 
ped o bap tist 
ac a dem ic 
ap o plec tic 



as trol o ger 
ther mom e ter 
ba rom e ter 
im pov er ish 
me trop o lis 



en er get ic 
a the is tic 



ap os tol ic 
par e gor ic 
me te or ic 
non con form ist 
os te ol o gy 



Accented on the fourth syllable. 

su per in tend nev er the less 

mis rep re sent an te pe nult 



118 





Class 46. 

(Continued from page 64.) 




When ING {5 


added to verbs ending in E, the E is 


omitted; as, De-face, De-fac-ing. 


Accented on the second syllable. 


de fac ing 


re lat ing 


re clin ing 


dis plac ing 


be hav ing 


re pin ing 


em brae ing 


en slav ing 


ad mir ing 


dis grac ing 


a maz ing 


as pir ing 


re trac ing 


ac ced ing 
re ced ing 


re tir ing 
des pis ing 




block ad ing 


con ven ing 


sur pris ing 


un fad ing 


ad her ing 


re vis ing 


de grad ing 


re ver ing 


ex cit ing 


per vad ing 


co her ing 


in vit ing 


in vad ing 


com plet ing 


re cit ing 


e vad ing 
engaging 


se cret ing 


con niv ing 
e vine ing 




en rag ing 


as crib ing 


e clips ing 


de rang ing 


pro scrib ing 


fore bod ing 


ex chang ing 


tran scrib ing 


ex plod ing 


es trang ing 


des crib ing 


cor rod ing 


a wak ing 


sub scrib ing 


re vok ing 


mis tak ing 


en tic ing 


pro vok ing 


re gal ing 


a bid ing 


en fore ing 


ex hal ing 


de rid ing 


con dol ing 


in flam ing 


re sid ing 


con sol ing 


pro fan ing 


pre sid ing 


a ton ing 


es cap ing 


pro vid ing 


e lop ing 


a bas ing 


o blig ing 


a dor ing 


de bas ing 


dis lik ing 


de plor ing 


e ras ing 


com pil ing 


re stor ing 


a bat ing 


com bin ing 


en dors ing 


de bat ing 


con fin ing 


en clos ing 






119 



dis clos ing 
trans pos ing 
ex pos ing 
im pos ing 
com pos ing 
sup pos ing 
pro mot ing 
de not ing 



dis lodg ing 
in volv ing 
re solv ing 
re volv ing 



tra due ing 
re due ing 
pro due ing 
al lud ing 



de lud ing 
ex clud ing 
con clud ing 
re buk ing 
per fum ing 
con sum ing 
re sum ing 
ab jur ing 
al lur ing 
se cur ing 
en dur ing 
pro cur ing 
a bus ing 
ex cus ing 
re fus ing 
a mus ing 
re fut ing 
sa lut ing 



dis put ing 
com put ing 



First syllable* 

men ac ing 
sol ac ing 
dam ag ing 
band ag ing 
man ag ing 
pres ag ing 
pil lag ing 
for ag ing 
pur chas ing 
prac tis ing 
no tic ing 
des tin ing 
prom is ing 
is su ing 



Class 61. 

In English, the general rule is to pronounce C and 
hard before A, O, and U, and soft before E, I, and 
Y. Advanced pupils are very often unable to pro- 
nounce correctly the syllables 

ga, ge, gi, go, gu, gy; 

ca, ce, ci, co, cu, cy; 
and teachers should be careful to set them right in 
regard to sounds that enter into the composition of so 
many icords, C has no exceptions to this rule ; but in 
the following words, G is hard before E, I, and Y. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

get gig gimp girt brag ger 

gear gills give dag ger an ger 

geese gild girl stag ger au ger 

gift gilt gird swag ger ti ger 



120 



big ger 


hug ging 


pig gin 


dig ger 


lug ging 


nog gin 


trig ger 


plug ging 


gim let 


fin ger 


crag gy 


ging ham 


lin ger 


scrag gy 


giz zard 


hun ger 


b °ggy 


wag gish 


mon ger 


foggy 


slug gish 


ea ger 


buggy 


drug gist 


bag' ging 


muggy 


gir die 


brag ging 


jag ged 


girl ish 


gag ging 


rag ged 


get ter 


lag ging 


crag ged 


get ting 


flag ging 


leg ged 


tar get 


wag ging 


rug ged 


gew gaw 


beg ging 


gib bous 


wag ge ry 


leg ging 


giddy 


dog ger el 


di g g^g 


gig gle 


log ger head 


rig ging 


gift ed 


gid di ness 


j°g ging 


gild er 


pet ti fog ger 



Accented on the second syllable. 

for get mis give to geth er 

be get be gin for give ness 

for give be girt be gin ning 



Classes 12 and 56. 

(Continued from pages 92 and 99.) 

Words in which I unaccented, and Y final, are 
pronounced like I short in Pin. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

id i o cy an ti mo ny ep i lep sy 

pres i den cy sane ti mo ny ad mi ral ty 
ac ri mo ny cer e mo ny 



121 



Accented on the second syllable. 



mo ral i ty 
plu ral i ty 
bru tal i ty 
mor tal i ty 
ca lam i ty 
in an i ty 
in san i ty 
ur ban i ty 
hu man i ty 
a lac ri ty 
bar bar i ty 
dis par i ty 
hil ar i ty 
vul gar i ty 
con cav i ty 
de prav i ty 



a cer bi ty 
fi del i ty 
ex trem i ty 
in dem ni ty 
fra ter ni ty 
a men i ty 
ce leb ri ty 
in teg ri ty 
as per i ty 
ce ler i ty 
te mer i ty 
dex ter i ty 



sin cer i ty 
pos ter i ty 
ad ver si ty 
di ver si ty 
in ten si ty 
Ion gev i ty 
com plex i ty 
con vex i ty 



a cid i ty 
va lid i ty 
ra pid i ty 
tim id i ty 
ri gid i ty 
so lid i ty 
stu pid i ty 
cu pid i ty 
a vid i ty 
a bil i ty 
sta bil i ty 
de bil i ty 
mo bil i ty 
no bil i ty 
fa cil i ty 
do cil i ty 
gen til i ty 
fer til i ty 
hos til i ty 



due til i ty 
hu mil i ty 
ci vil i ty 
ser vil i ty 
in firm i ty 
prox im i ty 
sub lim i ty 
ma lig ni ty 
in dig ni ty 
vi cin i ty 
di vin i ty 
pro pin qui ty 
na tiv i ty 
pro lix i ty 



com mod i ty 
friv ol i ty 
ma jor i ty 
pri or i ty 
mi nor i ty 
de form i ty 
e nor mi ty 



ab surd i ty 
ma tu ri ty 
ob scu ri ty 
va cu i ty 
te nu i ty 



Accented on the third syllable. 

prin ci pal i ty punct u al i ty 

prod i gal i ty sens u al i ty 

lib e ral i ty sim i lar i ty 



11 



122 



in fi del i ty 
u ni ver si ty 
con san guin i ty 
e qua nim i ty 
fu si bil i ty 
im be cil i ty 
in do cil i ty 
in sip id i ty 
in tre pid i ty 
in va lid i ty 
mag na nim i ty 
u na nim i ty 
mu ta bil i ty 
in sta bil i ty 
pla ca bil i ty 
li a bil i ty 
prob a bil i ty 
sen si bil i ty 



ris i bil i ty 
sol u bil i ty 
ver sa til i ty 
vol a til i ty 
vol u bil i ty 
an i mos i ty 
gen e ros i ty 
me di oc ri ty 
scru pu los i ty 
se ni or i ty 
u ni form i ty 
am bi gu i ty 
con ti gu i ty 
con tin u i ty 
in con gru i ty 
in gen u i ty 
per pet u i ty 



Words in which final Y short is preceded by A in an 
unaccented syllable pronounced as A short in Fat. 



&- r y 



bur gla 
con tra ry 
a vi a ry 
a pi a ry 
cu li na ry 
lu mi na ry 
cus torn a ry 
est u a ry 
lit e ra ry 
mo ment a ry 
nu mer a ry 
or di na ry 



Accented on the first 

preb end a ry 

pul mo na ry 

sane tu a ry 

san guin a ry 

sec on da ry ar bi tra ry 

stat u a ry ac ces sa ry 



mer ce na ry 
sem i na ry 
an ti qua ry 
tern po ra ry 



feb ru a ry 
lap i da ry 
tit u la ry 
tu te la ry 
un du la ry 
ex em pla ry 



com mis sa ry 
ad ver sa ry 
em is sa ry 
mil i ta ry 
plan e ta ry 
sal u ta ry 



123 



sec re ta ry ac cu ra cy in tn ca cy 

sed en ta ry eel i ba cy ob du ra cy 

sol i ta ry con tu ma cy ob sti na cy 

trib u ta ry dip lo ma cy proc u ra cy 

vol un ta ry ef fi ca cy pri ma ri ly 

jan i za ry in ti ma cy 

Accented on the second syllable. 

dis pen sa ry he red i ta ry pre lim i na ry 

an tip a thy in cen di a ry re sid u a ry 

con spir a cy in vet e ra cy o bit u a ry 

in firm a ry ef fern i na cy sub sid i a ry 

a nom a ly e pis co pa cy a poth e ca ry 

the oc ra cy e pis to la ry pe cu ni a ry 

con fed e ra cy le git i ma cy in vol un ta ry 
con tern po ra ry 

Accented on the third syllable. 

in ter cal a ry ar is toe ra cy 

el e ment a ry in dis pen sa bly 

Class 40. 

(Continued from page 57.) 

Words in which O has the short sound of U in Tub. 

Accented on the first syllable. 



id i om 

cum ber some 
irk some ness 
come li ness 
com bat ant 
com pa ny 
com fort er 
som er set 
u ni on 
u ni son 



or 1 son 
cham pi on 
scor pi on 
car ri on 
musk mel on 
sim pie ton 
skel e ton 
di a mond 
ba yon et 
al mon er 



pat ron ess 
won der ful 
con sta ble 
con ju rer 
sen a tor 
or a tor 
mon i tor 
me te or 
ju ni or 
se ni or 



124 



em per or 


ar mor y 


cov e nant 


ed it or 


mem or y 


cov er ing 


cred it or 


sa vor y 


cov er let 


vis it or 


i vor y 


cov ert ly 


an ces tor 


vit ri ol 


cov ert ure 


bach e lor 


id i ot 


gov er ness 


pas tor al 


pa tri ot 


gov em ment 


mar jor am 


a pri cot 


slov en li ness 


ar mor er 
nav i ga tor 


char i ot 


pros e cu tor 


spec u la tor 


in sti ga tor 


nu me ra tor 


dan de li on 


reg u la tor 


proc u ra tor 




Accented on the second 


syllable. 


dis col or 


con fess or 


e lect or 


en ven om 


pro fess or 


project or 


ac cus torn 


trans gress or ob ject or 


en com pass 


di vi sor 


col lect or 


dis com fit 


pre cur sor 


in spect or 


bom bas tic 


ere a tor 


pro tect or 


bom bard ment spec ta tor 


tor ment or 


a ban don 


tes ta tor 


con duct or 


en vi ron 


die ta tor 


re cov er 


en vi rons 


trans la tor 


dis cov er 


pan the on 


nar ra tor 


at tor ney 


arch bish op 


e qua tor 


un wor thy 


as bes tos 


cu ra tor 


un wel come 


an oth er 
an te ri or 


con tract oi 


r o ver come 7 
cen tu ri on 


com pet i tor 


ex te ri or 


pro gen i tor 


ca par i son 


su pe ri or 


pro pri e tor 


com par i son 


in fe ri or 


cri te ri on 


dis com fit ure 


in te ri or 


ob liv i on 


ad ven ture some 


execu tor 


al lu vi on 





125 



Accented on the third syllable. 



me di a tor 
mod e ra tor 
mal e fac tor 
su per vi sor 
co ad ju tor 



sem i co Ion 



Fourth syllable. 

ad min is tra tor 



Words in which the O short, as U in Tub, is followed by 

Y final and short, as I in Pin. 
The teacher will be careful not to let the pupil give to A, 

E, or O, before NY or RY, the long sound of A, E, or 

O, but something between that and the short sound. 

The division of the syllables is intended to aid the 

pupil in this respect. 

Accented on the Jirst syllable. 

al i mon y pat ri mon y an ti mon y 

mat ri mon y par si mon y tes ti mon y 



drom e dar y 
am a tor y 
pred a tor y 
pref a tor y 
pur ga tor y 
vi bra tor y 



in ven tor y 
dor mi tor y 
mon i tor y 
rep er tor y 
trans i tor y 



ex pi a tor y 
ju di ca tor y 
lab or a tor y 
ob li ga tor y 



Accented on the second syllable. 

re frac tor y pre par a tor y 



di rec tor y 
re fee tor y 
ef front er y 
re cov er y 
dis cov er y 
de lu sor y 
com pul sor y 



dis pen sa tor y 
ob serv a tor y 
con sol a tor y 
re po5 i tor y 



e jac u la tor y 
re ver ber a tor y 



11* 



126 





Accented on the third syllable. 






sat is fac tor y val e die 


tory 




man u fac 


tor y in tro due tor y 




con tra die 


tor y in ter rog a tor y 






Class 41. 






< 


Continued from page 58.) 






Words in which OU has the sound of short U in Tub. 




Accented on the first syllable. 






haz ard ous 


glu tin ous 


va por ous 




scan dal ous 


lu min ous 


cov et ous 




mar vel lous 


ten din ous 


ri ot ous 




per il ous 


glut ton ous 


gorge ous 




scur ril ous 


bar bar ous 


a que ous 




friv o lous 


dan ger ous 


du te ous 




fab u lous 


nu mer ous 


pit e ous 




pend u lous 


tu ber ous 


vit re ous 




scru pu lous 


pros per ous 


lig ne ous 




em u lous 


dex ter ous 


hid e ous 




cred u lous 


vi per ous 


se ri ous 




sed u lous 


gen er ous 


te di ous 




trem u lous 


on er ous 


en vi ous 




pop u lous 


si an der ous 


pre vi ous 




gar ru lous 


lu die rous 


ob vi ous 




quer u lous 


val or ous 


im pi ous 




ven om ous 


am or ous 


o di ous 




in fa mous 


rig or ous 


co pi ous 




post hu mous 


tim or ous 


du bi ous 




mem bran ous 


vig or ous 


va ri ous 




vil Ian ous 


clam or ous 


fu ri ous 




rav en ous 


o dor ous 


spu ri ous 




om in ous 


rapt u rous 


stu di ous 




1 ru in ous 


vent u rous 


ar du ous 




res in ous 




ran cor ous 


unct u ous 



127 



flex 






o di ous ness 




u ous 




stren u ous south er 


iy 


te di ous ness 




virt u ous cov et ous uess spir it u ous 




sin 1 


n ous ar du ous ness 

Accented on the second syllable. 




tre men dous dis as 


trous* por tent ous 




stu 


pen dous de si rous 


en cour age 




out rage ous de co 


rous 


dis cour age 




a ce 


tous so no rous 


en cour age ment 




sa li 


nous mo ment ous dis cour age ment 




cu ta ne ous 




pen u ri ous 






ex tra ne ous 




in dus tri ous 






spon ta ne ous 




il lus tri ous 






cal ca re ous 




im per vi ous 






er ro ne ous 




a nom a lous 






ter ra que ous 




mi rac u lous 






fas tid i ous 




in cred u lous 






in sid i ous 




rid ic u lous 






in vid i ous 




u nan i mous 






me lo di ous 




mag nan i mous 






com mo di ous 




a non y mous 






op pro bri ous 




sy non y mous 




har mo ni ous 




bi tu min ous 






ab ste mi ous 




mo not o nous 






ob se qui ous 




o vip a rous 






ne fa ri ous 




ob strep er ous 






gre ga ri ous 




vo cif er ous 






de li ri ous 




som nif er ous 






no to ri ous 




pre pos ter ous 






cen so ri ous 




in dec o rous 






in ju ri ous 




car niv o rous 






*A 


is in/ 


%st. 





128 



gran iv o rous 
cir cu it ous 
for tu it ous 
gra tu it ous 
con spic u ous 
per spic u ous 
pro mis cu ous 
as sid u ous 



de cid u ous 
am big u ous 
con tig u ous 
su per flu ous 
in con gru ous 
im pet u ous 
tern pest u ous 
tu mult u ous* 



Accented on the third syllable. 



m stan ta ne ous 
si mul ta ne ous 
mis eel la ne ous 
ho mo ge ne ous 
con tu me li ous 
del e te ri ous 
cer e mo ni ous 



ac n mo ni ous 
par si mo ni ous 
sane ti mo ni ous 
mer i to ri ous 
pu sil Ian i mous 
o dor if er ous 
so por if er ous 

Accented on the fourth syllable. 

ex tern po ra ne ous het e ro ge ne ous 



Class 15. 

(Continued from page 45.) 

Words in which AI is sounded like long A in Fate. 

Accented on the 

Second syllable. 

at tain der 
re main der 
com plain ant 



First syllable. 

nai a des 

dai ry maid 

trai tor ous 

main te nance ap prais er 

por ce lain 

por trait ure 



Third syllable. 

as cer tain 
ap per tain 
en ter tain 
com plai sant 

ap praise ment com plai sance 

ac quaint ance 



* The teacher can make a new lesson of these words by adding 
I the termination ly to such words as end in ous. 



129 



Class 16. 

(Continued from page 46.) 

Words in which AU is sounded like A in Fall. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

au di ble pau ci ty ep au let 

au di ence sau ci ness a er o naut 

au ri cle au gu ry au di to ry 

plau si ble fraud u lent caul i flow er 

nau ti cal lau da num 

Accented on the second syllable. 

au turn nal de fraud er au torn a ton 

hy draul ics aus ter i ty in au gu rate 

Accented on the third syllable. 

mau so le' um plau si bil i ty 

Class 19. 

(Continued from page 48.) 

Words in which EE has the sound of long E in Me. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

sleep i ness fil a gree ap o gee 

cheer ful ly ped i gree ju bi lee 

cheer ful ness per i gee 

Accented on the second syllable. 

en fee ble a gree ment dis creet ly 

ex ceed ing gen teel ly com mit tee 

un feel ing re deem er 

Accented on the third syllable. 

ab sen tee leg a tee en gi neer 

pat en tee dev o tee mu ti neer 

rep ar tee dis a gree pi o neer 

ref er ee fric as see o ver see 

ref u gee dom i neer o ver seer 



130 



gaz et teer vol un teer auc tion eer 

mu let eer chan ti cleer un fore seen 

pri va teer in dis creet 



Class 20. 

(Continued from page 48.) 

Words in which EA has the sound of long E in Me. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

ea ger ly ea si ly wea ri ness 

peace a ble fea si ble wea ri some 

teach a ble east er ly rea son a ble 

dean er y eat a ble sea son a ble 

Accented on the second syllable. 

con ceal ment de mean or un ea sy 

arch dea con im peach ment en treat y 
en dear ment ap pear ance ar rear age 

Accented on the third syllable. 

coch in eal dis ap pear mis de mean or 
un der neath in ter weave in de fea si ble 
o ver reach 



Class 22. 

(Continued from page 50.) 

Words in which IE and EI have the sound of long E 



in Me. 

Accented on the first syllable. 



lei sure ly 
plei a des 



thiev ish ly 
front is piece 
mis chiev ous 



131 



Accented on the second syllable. 



in vei gle 
de ceiv er 
re ceiv er 
dis seiz or 



brig a dier 
gren a dier 
can non ier 
fin an cier 



con ceit ed 
de ceit ful 
re ceiv a ble 
con ceiv a ble 



a chieve ment 
ag griev ance 
re liev o 
re triev a ble 



Accented on the third syllable. 

cav a lier un be lief 

cor de lier dis be lieve 
dis be lief ir re triev a ble 



Class 27. 

(Continued from page 52.) 

Words in which OA has the sound of long O in No. 
coal er y hoar i ness \oath some ness 



en croach 7 ment re proach 7 ful o ver load 7 
Class 31. 

(Continued from page 53.) 

Words in which OU is sounded as in the word Bound. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

bound a ry coun ter pane moun te bank 

par a mount 



boun ti ful 
coun sel lor 



coun ter mand 
coun te nance 



tan ta mount 



Accented on the second syllable. 

ac count ant ren coun ter a cou sties 

ac count a ble es pou sal de vout ly 

en coun ter ca rou sal 



dis a vouch 7 su per a bound 7 



132 



Class 32. 

(Continued from page 53.) 

Words in which OW is sounded as in the word Now. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

dow a ger pow er ful 

flow er et drow si \y 

Accented on the second syllable. 

al low ance em pow er 

al low a ble en dow ment dis a vow 7 

Class 33. 

(Continued from page 54.) 

Words in which OI is sounded as in Oil. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

bois ter ous moi e ty e qui poise 

poi son ous loi ter er coun ter poise 

broi der y 

Accented on the second syllable. 

ap point ment em broi der y re join der 
em broi der cy cloid al pur loin er 

Accented on the third syllable. 

dis ap point rec on noi tre 

re ap point un a void a ble 



Class 55. 

(Continued from page 82.) 

Words in which EA is variously sounded. 

EA as E short in Met. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

treach er y stead i ness 

treach er ous read i ness 



133 



jeal ous y 


pleas ant ry 


com mon wealth 


meas ure ment 


clean li ness 


pleas u ra ble 


treas u ry 


me as u ra ble 


treas u rer 




EA as U in C 


URL. 


ear li riess ear nest ly 


earth i ness 


ear li er ear nest ness re hear 7 sal 


Accented on the seconc 


syllable. 


al read y dis pleas ure 


en deav or im meas u ra ble 


Class 4£ 




i (Continued from page 114.) ! 


j Words ending in ABLE and IBLE. 


The A at the end of unaccented 


syllables has a sound 


beticeen that of AH in Messiah and that of A in 


Fat. 




The I in unaccented syllables is 


like I short in Pin. 


Accented on Hie first 


syllable. 


ref ra ga ble 


lam ent a ble 


rep ar a ble 


mis er a ble 


sep ar a ble 


pref er a ble 


com par a ble 


tol er a ble 


war rant a ble 


ven er a ble 


mer chant a ble 


vul ner a ble 


cred it a ble 


mar ket a ble 


hab it a ble 


ex o ra ble ' 


per ish a ble 


mem or a ble 


prof it a ble 


rev o ca ble 


ex e era ble 


par don a ble 


pen e tra ble 


com fort a ble 


gov ern a ble 


tab er na cle 




— * 



12 



134 



pit i a ble des pi ca ble ver i ta ble 

ad mi ra ble va ri a ble im i ta ble 

am i ca ble a mi a ble ir ri ta ble 

ap pli ca ble ex pi a ble nav i ga ble 

Accented on the second syllable. 



im pla ca ble 
in ca pa ble 
re mark a ble 
im pal pa ble 
im pass a ble 
ac cept a ble 
re cep ta cle 
re spect a ble 
im preg na ble 
de test a ble 
im prob a ble 



de mon stra ble 
re solv a ble 
in cu ra ble 
in scru ta ble 
sur mount a ble 
in com par a ble 
in ex or a ble 
in sep ar a ble 
in dis pu ta ble 
in su per a ble 



un char i ta ble re me di a ble 

in ex pli ca ble in im i ta ble 

in es ti ma ble a bom i na ble 

in ev i ta ble in hos pi ta ble 

in ter mi na ble in du bi ta ble 

Accented on the third syllable. 

in de scrib a ble in con test a ble 

in ad vis a ble in con sol a ble 

in ex cus a ble in sup port a ble 

in dis pen sa ble in de fat i ga ble 

Accented on the first syllable. 

el i gi ble cor ri gi ble par ti ci pie 

Accented on the second syllable. 

in fal li ble ac cess i ble con vert i ble 
re fran gi ble com press i ble re vert i ble 
com pat i ble im press i ble re vers i ble 



135 



per cep ti ble con ven ti cle de du ci ble 

per feet i ble in vin ci ble in fu si ble 

os ten si ble ad mis si ble cor rupt i ble 

in sen si ble in vis i ble com bus ti ble 

in del i ble re sist i ble in tel li gi ble 

in flex i ble re spon si ble in cor ri gi ble 

in cred i ble im pos si ble 

Accented on the third syllable. 

m com pat i ble in ad mis si ble 

im per cep ti ble in di vis i ble 

in ac cess i ble ir re sist i ble 

in ex press i ble in de struct i ble 

in di gest i ble in ex haust i ble 

rep re hen si ble un in tel li gi ble 

ir re vers i ble in con tro vert 7 i ble 



Class 12. 

(Continued from page 120.) 

Words in which Y, final and not final, has the sound 
of I short in Pin. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

mys tic al ly dys en ter y 

dis syl la ble cem e ter y 

pres byt e ry 

Accented on the second syllable. 

syn op sis ty ran nic al 

syn op tic al py ram i dal 

hyp oc ri sy a nal y sis 

hyp oth e sis cyl in dric al 

syn od ic al sym met ric al 

me ton y my mys te ri ous 

sy non y my po lyg a my 

sy non y mous a poc a lypse 



136 



Accented on the third syllable. 

po ly an thos sys tern at ic al 

sym pa thet ic pres by te ri an 

pa tro nym ic et y mol o gy 

par a lyt ic myth o log ic al 

mon o syl la ble 

an a lyt ic al su per nu mer a ry 

hyp o crit ic al cir cum loc u to ry 

Accented on the fourth syllable. 

spir it u al i ty per feet i bil i ty 

in stru ment al i ty re fran gi bil i ty 

pe cu li ar i ty sus cep ti bil i ty 

dis sim i lar i ty im pla ca bil i ty 

ac count a bil i ty me te or ol o gy 

el i gi bil i ty in fe ri or i ty 

prac ti ca bil i ty su pe ri or i ty 

di vis i bil i ty im pet u os i ty 
in cred i bil i ty 

Accented on the fifth syllable. 

im pen e tra bil i ty in di vis i bil i ty 
im prac ti ca bil i ty in cor rupt i bil i ty 
in im i ta bil i ty in com press i bil i ty 

in sep ar a bil i ty in di vid u al i ty 

in com pat i bil i ty per pen die u lar i ty 
in com pre hen si bil 7 i ty 



Class 52. 

(Continued from page 80.) 

Words ending in ENCE and ENT. 

(See directions for the pronunciation of these terminations on 
page 80.) 

Accented on the first syllable. 

in no cence in so lence op u lence 

in do lence vi o lence cor pu lence 



137 



tur bu lence 


in do lent 


pun ish ment 


vir u lence 


tur bu lent 


ar gu ment 


ex eel lence 


sue cu lent 


teg u ment 


ve he mence 


es cu lent 


mon u ment 


def er ence 


lin e a ment 


doc u ment 


ref er ence 


sac ra ment 


in stru ment 


pref er ence 


lig a ment 


man age ment 


rev er ence 


or na ment 


bat tie ment 


dif fer ence 


fil a ment 


set tie ment 


in fer ence 


tes ta ment 


meas ure ment 


con fer ence 


el e ment 


per ma nent 


com pe tence 


ten e ment 


in no cent 


im po tence 


ve he ment 


sub se quent 


af flu ence 


im pie ment 


el o quent 


in flu ence 


sup pie ment 


af flu ent 


el o quence 


in ere ment 


ref lu ent 


flat u lent 


dec re ment 


dif fer ent 


ev i dence 


pes ti lence 


in di gent 


res i dence 


ab sti nence 


pes ti lent 


in ci dence 


prom i nence 


al i ment 


dif fi dence 


con ti nence 


lin i ment 


prov i dence 


pen i tence 


det ri ment 


neg li gence 


o ri ent 


sen ti ment 


ex i gence 


res i dent 


pen i tent 


dil i gence 


pres i dent 


con ti nent 


in di gence 


dif fi dent 


prom i nent 


au di ence 




' 


Accented on the second syllable. 


de pend ence 


in dul gence 


co her ence 


re splen dence 


re ful gence 


con sist ence 


pre ce dence 


con tin gence 


sub sist ence 


im pru dence 


con do lence 


ex ist ence 


di ver gence 


ad her ence 


ab hor rence 



12* 



138 



quint es sence 


ful hi ment 


in cum bent 


en tice ment 


re cum bent 


re fine ment 


ab sorb ent 


re tire ment 


ad ja cent 


in cite ment 


sub ja cent 


ex cite ment 


com pla cent 


en rol ment 


in de cent 


a tone ment 


trans lu cent 


e lope ment 


de pend ent 


as sort ment 


re splend ent 


en dorse ment 


res pond ent 


en force ment 


des pond ent 


di vorce ment 


con tin gent 


im prove ment 


as trin gent 


dis burse ment 


en gage ment 


ap point ment 


a bate ment 


in duce ment 


at tach ment 


en dow ment 


de tach ment 


a muse ment 


a part ment 


en croach ment 


de part ment 


con ceal ment 


e ject ment 


im peach ment 


in clem ent 


a gree ment 


in trench ment 


de po nent 


re trench ment 


op po nent 


com mence ment 


com po nent 


a mend ment 


in he rent 


re fresh ment 


vice ge rent 


in vest ment 


re sol vent 


re sent ment 


dis sol vent 


con tent ment 


in sol vent 


as sess ment 






a bridg ment 


be nev o lence 


in fringe ment 


ma lev o lence 



139 



om nip o tence 




mag nif i cence 


i cir cum fer ence 




mu nif i cence 


ir rev er ence 




co in ci dence 


be nev o lent 




pre em i nence 


ma lev o lent 




im per ti nence 


e quiv a lent 




im pen i tence 


e mol u ment 




im prov i dent 


in teg u ment 




o be di ent 


om nip o tent 




ex pe di ent 


con stit u ent 




in gre di ent 


cir cum flu ent 




per cip i ent 


in dif fer ent 




ex per i ment 


o be di ence 




ha bil i ment 


con ve ni ence 




im pen i tent 


ex pe ri ence 




ac com pa ni ment 


Accented on the third syllable. 


in de pend ence 




om ni pres ent , 


in co her ence 








in ter fer ence 




in con ve ni ence 


in ad vert ence 




in ex pe di ence 


om ni pres ence 




in ex pe di ent 


dis a gree ment 




cir cum am bi ent 


dis ap point ment 






in de pend ent 




su per in tend ence 


an te ce dent 




su per in tend ent 


C 


LASS 


62. 


Words in which S 


is followed by C. 


When S and C are in 


the same syllable, and followed 


by E, I, or ^ 


, the C is not sounded. 


Accented 


on the 


first syllable. 


scene 


scythe sci on 


scent 


seep 


tre sci ence 



140 



scis sors con scions scim 1 tar 

scis sure con scious ness scin til late 

scis sion see ne ry 

Accented on the second syllable. 

tran scend re scind ab scis sion 

de scend ab scind re scis sion 

de scent tran scend ent un con scious 

ob scene tran scend ence 

Accented on the third syllable. 

con de scend tran scend en tal 

con de seen sion con sci en tious 



If the S and C, followed by E, I, or Y, are in dif- 
ferent syllables, C has the sound of S. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

cres cent fas cin ate sus ci tate 

vis cid vis ce ra mis ci ble 

Accented on the second syllable. 

as cend as cend en cy 

as cend ant sus cep ti ble 

as cet ic i ras ci ble 

ex cres cence vis cid i ty 

pu tres cence e vis cer ate 

qui es cence las civ i ous 

her bes cent con cu pis cence 

qui es cent re sus ci tate 
pro bos cis 

Accented on the third syllable. 

ac qui es cence ef fer ves cence 

ad o les cence ef flo res cence 

co a les cence rem in is cence 

con va les cence ac qui es cent 



141 



ir i des cent 
ar bo res cent 
os cil la tion 



re sus ci ta' tion 
sus cep ti bil' i ty 



Class 63. 

Words in icliich TION, SION, and CIAN, are 

pronounced Shun. 



ra tion 
sta tion 
na tion 
ac tion 
fac tion 
frac tion 
cap tion 
sane tion 
men tion 
fie tion 
die tion 



TION as Shun. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

cau tion 



fric tion 
no tion 
mo tion 
lo tion 
po tion 
op tion 
por tion 
sue tion 
unc tion 
func tion 
June tion 

Accented on the second syllable. 



auc tion 
frac tion al 
no tion al 
op tion al 
ac tion a ble 
men tion a ble 
die tion a ry 
func tion a rj 
cau tion a ry 



li ba tion 
va ca tion 
vo ca tion 
lo ca tion 
le ga tion 
trans la tion 
di la tion 
in fla tion 
ob la tion 
for ma tion 
stag na tion 
nar ra tion 



mi gra tion 
vi bra tion 
pros tra tion 
frus tra tion 
o ra tion 
du ra tion 
sen sa tion 
ces sa tion 
plan ta tion 
die ta tion 
ci ta tion 
quo ta tion 



sal va tion 
tax a tion 
trans ac tion 
at trac tion 
in frac tion 
re frac tion 
ex trac tion 
de trac tion 
re trac tion 
dis trac tion 
ab strac tion 
pro trac tion 



142 



sub trac tion 


con ere tion 


con scrip tion 


pre cau tion 


re pie tion 


sub scrip tion 


at ten tion 


com pie tion 


e mo tion 


re ten tion 




com mo tion 


in ten tion 


fru i tion 


a dop tion 


dis ten tion 


tu i tion 


ap por tion 


con ten tion 


am bi tion 


pro por tion 


pre ven tion 


ad di tion 


ex tor tion 


in ven tion 


tra di tion 


dis tor tion 


con ven tion 


e di tion 


con tor tion 


af fee tion 


se di tion 


ab sorp tion 


per fee tion 


per di tion 


ab lu tion 


in fee tion 


con di tion 


di lu tion 


e jec tion 


vo li tion 


so lu tion 


de jec tion 


ig ni tion 


pol lu tion 


re jec tion 


mu ni tion 


ab due tion 


pro jec tion 


at tri tion 


de due tion 


sub jec tion 


con tri tion 


re due tion 


re flee tion 


nu tri tion 


se due tion 


in flee tion 


po si tion 


in due tion 


con nee tion 


pe ti tion 


pro due tion 


e rec tion 


par ti tion 


de struc tion 


di rec tion 
cor rec tion 




in struc tion 
ob struc tion 


pre die tion 


pro tec tion 


af flic tion 


con struc tion 


de cep tion 


in flic tion 


con junc tion 


re cep tion 


re stric tion 


in junc tion 


per cep tion 


con vie tion 


e rup tion 


ex cep tion 


ex tine tion 


cor rup tion 


as ser tion 


dis tine tion 


con fee tion er 


in ser tion 


as crip tion 


in ten tion al 


ex er tion 


de scrip tion 


prac ti tion er 


de ser tion 


pre scrip tion 


tra di tion al 


se ere tion 


in scrip tion 


pro por tion ate ; 

. 



143 



Accented on 


the third syllable. 




ap pro ba tion 
de fal ca tion 


flag el la tion 
ap pel la tion 




im pre ca tion 


con stel la tion 




al ter ca tion 


con ge la tion 




ab di ca tion 


rev e la tion 




ded i ca tion 


mu ti la tion 




vin di ca tion 


is o la tion 




ap pli ca tion 


cir cu la tion 




im pli ca tion 


ad u la tion 




dis lo ca tion 


grat u la tion 




av o ca tion 


em u la tion 




in vo ca tion 


mod u la tion 




prov o ca tion 
ed u ca tion 


pop u la tion 
und u la tion 




deg ra da tion 


ac cla ma tion 




em en da tion 


dec la ma tion 




trep i da tion 


def a ma tion 




in un da tion 


an i ma tion 




ex u da tion 


af fir ma tion 




con gre ga tion 


es ti ma tion 




cas ti ga tion 


con fir ma tion 




nav i ga tion 


ref or ma tion 




; lit i ga tion 


prof a na tion 




mit i ga tion 


in car na tion 




ob li ga tion 


em an a tion 




el on ga tion 


con ster na tion 




prol on ga tion 


in clin a tion 




ab ro ga tion 


div in a tion 




pro ro ga tion 


or din a tion 




prom ul ga tion 


nom in a tion 




con ju ga tion 


as sig na tion 




ex ha la tion 


res ig na tion 




in stal la tion 


ru min a tion 





144 



per son a tion 


dis ser ta tion 


det o na tion 


prot es ta tion 


ex tir pa tion 


mol es ta tion 


u sur pa tion 


ag i ta tion 


oc cu pa tion 


pal pi ta tion 


dec la ra tion 


grav i ta tion 


op e ra tion 


hes i ta tion 


eel e bra tion 


med i ta tion 


ab er ra tion 


vis it a tion 


ex pi ra tion 


lim it a tion 


res pi ra tion 


in vi ta tion 


per spi ra tion 


ir ri ta tion 


in spi ra tion 


im por ta tion 


ad o ra tion 


trans por ta tion 


dec o ra tion 


ex hor ta tion 


per fo ra tion 


sal u ta tion 


cor po ra tion 


am pu ta tion 


em i gra tion 


ex ul ta tion 


im mi gra tion 


ag gra va tion 


trans mi gra tion 


el e va tion 


per pe tra tion 


en er va tion 


dem on stra tion 


cul ti va tion 


mat u ra tion 


ren o va tion 


mens u ra tion 


in no va tion 


trit u ra tion 


pu tre fac tion 


con ver sa tion 


rar e fac tion 


ac cu sa tion 


sat is fac tion 


ad ap ta tion 


pet ri fac tion 


dil a ta tion 


dis af fee tion 


af fee ta tion 


im per fee tion 


ac cep ta tion 


in ter jec tion 


det es ta tion 


pre di lee tion 


fer men ta tion 


rec ol lee tion 


lam en ta tion 


res ur rec tion 



145 



in sur rec tion 


ap po si tion 




cir cum spec tion 


dep o si tion 




in ter sec tion 


ex po si tion 




mal e die tion 


im po si tion 




ju ris die tion 


dis po si tion 




val e die tion 


com po si tion 




in tro due tion 


op po si tion 
sup po si tion 








in tu i tion 


rep e ti tion 




ex hi bi tion 


su per sti tion 




pro hi bi tion 










ex pe di tion 


lo co mo tion 




er u di tion 


ret ri bu tion 




co a li tion 


con tri bu tion 




ab o li tion 


ex e cu tion 




eb ul li tion 


per se cu tion 




def i ni tion 


pros e cu tion 




ad mo ni tion 


el o cu tion 




pre mo ni tion 


ab so lu tion 




rec og ni tion 


res o lu tion 




am mu ni tion 


rev o lu tion 




ap pa ri tion 


dis so lu tion 




ac qui si tion 


dim in u tion 




dis qui si tion 


in sti tu tion 




in qui si tion 


con sti tu tion 




Accented on the fourth syllable. 




ed i n* ca tion 


nul li fi ca tion 




ver si fi ca tion 


jus ti fi ca tion 




qual i fi ca tion 


mul ti pli ca tion 




sane ti n* ca tion 


e lu ci da tion 




strat i fi ca tion 


di lap i da tion 




mol li fi ca tion 


in ves ti ga tion 




mor ti fi ca tion 


an ni hi la tion 




viv i fi ca tion 


a bom i na tion 





13 



146 



dis crim i na tion 


ap pro pri a tion 


e man ci pa tion 


ab bre vi a tion 


pre cip i ta tion 


al le vi a tion 


dis ap pro ba tion 


al lit er a tion 


ret ro gra da tion 


cor rob o ra tion 


in ter ro ga tion 


com mem o ra tion 


e jac u la tion 


ad min is tra tion 


ges tic u la tion 


trans fig u ra tion 


ar tic u la tion 


in au gu ra tion 


in oc u la tion 


ter gi ver sa tion 


ex pos tu la tion 


in ter pre ta tion 


ac cu mu la tion 


in fat u a tion 


a mal gam a tion 


ac cent u a tion 


de ter min a tion 


con tin u a tion 


pre des ti na tion 


cic a triz a tion 


il lu mi na tion 


crys tal liz a tion 


re gen er a tion 


civ il iz a tion 


re ver ber a tion 


sub til iz a tion 


in car cer a tion 


in ter po si tion 


vo cif er a tion 


in dis po si tion 


com mis er a tion 


cir cum lo cu tion 


re it er a tion 


ir res o lu tion 


Accented on the 


fifth syllable. 


in ter lin e a tion 


rec on cil i a tion 


per son i ii ca tion 


re ca pit u la tion 


cir cum nav i ga tion 


mis rep re sent a tion 


su per er o ga tion 




SION as 


Shun. 


Accented on the 


first syllable. 


pas sion ten sion pen sion 



14^ 



ver sion mis sion mis sion a ry 

ces sion pas sion ate pen sion a ry 

Accented on the second syllable. 



ex pan sion 
com pas sion 
as cen sion 
de clen sion 
di men sion 
dis sen sion 
pre ten sion 
sus pen sion 
as per sion 
dis per sion 
a ver sion 
re ver sion 



per ver sion 
di ver sion 



in ver sion 
con ver sion 
sub ver sion 
con ces sion 
se ces sion 
re gres sion 
pro fes sion 
ad mis sion 
per mis sion 
re mis sion 

Accented on the third syllable. 

ap pre hen sion in ter mis sion 

rep re hen sion man u mis sion 

com pre hen sion re per cus sion 

in ter ces sion 

re tro ces sion an i mad ver 7 sion 



o mis sion 
com mis sion 
sub mis sion 
com pul sion 
ex pul sion 
re pul sion 
re vul sion 
con vul sion 
dis cus sion 
per cus sion 
in cur sion 
ex cur sion 



SION as Zhun. 

Accented on the second syllabi 

oc sa sion ef fu sion 



a bra sion 
e va sion 
in va sion 
ad he sion 
co he sion 
e ro sion 
cor ro sion 
ex plo sion 



dif fu sion 
in fu sion 
pro fu sion 
suf fu sion 
con fu sion 
al lu sion 
de lu sion 



il lu sion 
ex clu sion 
con clu sion 
col lu sion 
in tru sion 
ob tru sion 
pro tru sion 
con tu sion 



148 

CIAN as Shun. 
Second syllable. Third syllable. 

ma gi cian pol i ti cian 

lo gi cian Fourth syllable. 

pa tri cian a cad e mi cian 

op ti cian math e ma ti cian 

phy si cian a rith me ti cian 

mu si cian ge om e tri cian 

Class 64. 

Words in which ION is pronounced Yun and Un. 

ION as Yun. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

bast ion pill ion scull ion 

clar ion* trill ion bull ion 

quest ion min ion trun nion 

flex ion pin ion 

bill ion vis ion vis ion a ry 

mill ion fus ion 

Accented on the second syllable. 

bat tal ion com plex ion do min ion 

me dall ion mo dill ion o pin ion 

com pan ion pos til ion com mun ion 

re bell ion ver mil ion in di gest 7 ion 

di gest ion pa vil ion cm ci fix 7 ion 



ION as Un. 

Accented on the second syllable. 

pre cis ion re vis ion sue cess ion 

e lis ion di vis ion pro fess ion 

col lis ion pro vis ion trans gress ion 

de ris ion ac cess ion pro gress ion 

* Usually pronounced clar-i-on in New England. 



149 



ag gress ion re press ion sup press ion 



pos sess ion 
dis miss ion 



e gress ion ex press ion 

in gress ion im press ion 

di gress ion op press ion pa rish ion er 

de press ion com press ion cir cum cis 7 ion 



Class 65. 

Words in which TIOUS, CIOUS, and CEOUS, 
are pronounced Shus. 

TIOUS like Shus. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

cap tious fac tious cau tious cap tious ness 

' Accented on the second syllable. 

vex a tious li cen tious fla gi tious 

fa ce tious fac ti tious nu tri tious 

sen ten tious fie ti tious li cen tious ness 

con ten tious pro pi tious 

Accented on the third syllable. 

ad ven ti tious su per sti tious ex pe di tious 



CIOUS like Shus. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

spa cious spe cious 

gra cious vi cious 

Accented on the second syllable. 

au da cious lo qua cious sus pi cious 
ju di cious 
of fi cious 
de li cious 
ci li cious 
ma li cious 
per ni cious 

m i f*» i n — "i i 



sa ga cious 
fal la cious 
ca pa cious 
ra pa cious 
te na cious 
ve ra cious 



lus cious 



aus pi cious 
ca pri cious 
fe ro cious 
a tro cious 
pre co cious 
of fi cious ness 



13* 



150 



Accented on the chird syllable. 

ef fi ca cious av a ri cious 



per ti na cious 



in aus 



F 



CIOUS 



CEOUS like Shus. 
cro' ceous cms ta ceous ca du ceous 

Second syllable. teS ta CCOUS Third syllable. 

ce ta ceous fil a ceous ar gil la ceous 

ere ta ceous her ba ceous gal li na ceous 



Class 66. 

Words in which TI and CI are sounded like Sh. 

TIAL as Shal. 

Accented on the first syllable. 



nup tials 



in i tial 
sol sti tial 



par tial mar tial nup tial 

Accented on the second syllable, 

im par tial es sen tial 

sub stan tial po ten tial 

ere den tial pru den tial 

Accented on the third syllable. 

cir cum stan tial rev e ren tial 

prov i den tial in flu en tial 

con fi den tial con tro ver sial 

pes ti len tial e qui noc tial 
pen i ten tial 



CIAL as Shal. 
Accented on the second syllable. 

fi nan cial of H cial pro vin cial 

com mer cial ju di cial 

Accented on the third syllable. 

ar ti fi cial ben e fi cial su per fi cial 



151 



TIENT and TIENCE as Shent and Shence. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

pa tient quo tient pa tience 

Accented an the second syllable. 

im pa tient im pa tience 



C1ENT and CIENCE as Shent and Shence. 
Accented on the second syllable. 

ef fi cient de fi cient om nis cience 

suf fi cient ef fi cient de fi cien cy 

pro fi cient- om nis cient pro & cien cy 

Accented on the third syllable. 

in ef fi cient in suf fi cient 



Class 67. 

Words in which I has the force of Y. 
IA like Ya. 

Accented on the first syllable. 



val iant 
filial 
triv ial 
ind ian 
brill iant 

i tal ian 
ci vil ian 
pie be ian 
fa mil iar 
pe cul iar 



ruff ian 
christ ian 
best ial 
pon iard 
bill iards 

Accented on the second syllable 



brev ia ry 
bil ia ry 
cil ia ry 
brill ian cy 



ce lest ial 
tri en nial 
con viv ial 
con cil iate 
au rel ia 



mag nol ia 
fa mil iar ize 
aux il iar y 
con cil ia to ry 
fa mil iar 7 i ty 



a lien 



IE as Ye. 

Accented on the first syllable. 



bras ier 



graz ier 



viz ier 



152 



cloth ier moll ient al ien a ble 

sold ier span iel in al ien a ble 

coll ier e moll' ient 

front ier coll ier y al ien a 7 tion 

court ier al ien ate 



IO as Yo. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

ax iom mel io rate 

Accented on the second syllable. 

punc til io a mel io rate 

port fol io a mel io ra tion 

IOU as Yu. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

anx ious bil ious nox ious sav iour 

Accented on the second syllable. 

in nox ious per fid ious punc til ious 

ob nox ious 

Accented on the third syllable. 

su per cil ious ig no min ious 



Class 68. 

Words in which GE and GI have the force of J. 

GEON, GION, and GIAN, as JuN. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

dun geon blud geon stur geon 

gud geon sur geon 

Accented on the second syllable. 

cur mud geon con ta gion al le giance 
re li gion 



153 



GIOUS and GEOUS as Jus. 


Accented on 


the second sylluble. 


re li gious li ti 


gious con ta gious 


pro di gious e gre gious cour a geous 


Accented on 


the third syllable. 


ir re li gious 


ad van ta geous 


sac ri le gious 


dis ad van ta 7 geous 


To this Class may be 
CHEON is 


\ 

added a few words in which 
pronounced Chun. 


lun cheon 


pun cheon 


trun cheon 


es cut cheon 


Cl 


\ss 69. 


Words in which TI, CI 


, and SCI, have the sound of 
She. 


TI 


as She. 


Accented on 


the first syllable. 


ra ti o* sa ti ate 


vi ti ate sen ti ent 


Accented on 


the second syllable. 


ex pa ti ate 


ne go ti ate 


in gra ti ate 


mil i ti a 


in sa ti ate 


mi nu ti a 


sub stan ti ate 


ne go ti a ble 


pro pi ti ate 


in sa ti a ble 


in i ti ate 
no vi ti ate 


pro pi ti a to xy 


Accented on 


the third syllable. 


par ti al i ty 


pen i ten ti a ry 


* There is an awkwardness in this division, but it can not be 
obviated without leading the pupil to a wrong pronunciation. 



154 





Accented on the fourth 


syllable. 


ne go ti a tion im par ti al i ty 


pro pi ti a tion plen 


i po ten ti a ry 




tran sub stan ti a' tion 




CI and SCI as 


She. ! 




Accented on the first syllable. 


spe cie 


pre sci ence 


so ci a ble 


spe cies 


pre sci ent 


nun ci o 




Accented on the second 


syllable. 


a ca ci a 


of fi ci ate 


ex cm ci ate 


e ma ci ate 


as so ci ate 


om nis ci ence 


ap pre ci ate e nun ci ate 






de pre ci ate an nun ci ate 


ben e n 7 ci a ry 




Accented on the fourth syllable. 


as so ci 


a tion e 


nun ci a tion 


de nun 


ci a tion re 


nun ci a tion 


an nun 


ci a tion sc 


ci a bil i ty 




Class 70. 




Words in 


which S has the sound of Sh or Zh. 




S as Sh, 






Accented on the first syllable. 


sure 


cen sure 


tran si ent 


sure ly 


cas sia 


sen su al 


sure ty 


nau se a 


cen su rer 


su gar 


nau se ate 


tran si ent ly 


su mach 






Accented on the second 


syllable. 


as sure 


as sur ance 


Third syllable. 


en sure 


in sur ance 


re as sure 


in sure 


pen in su la 


sen su al i ty 



155 

S as Zh. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

o sier ro se ate u su ry 

ho sier u su al u su rer 

Accented on, the second syllable. 

C3e su ra en thu si ast ic 

am bro si a en thu si ast ic al 

en thu si asm ec cle si as tic 

en thu si ast ec cle si as tic al 



Class 71. 

Words in which T has the sound of Ch. 
plen te ous 



boun te ous* 
righ te ous 
plen te ous ness 
righ te ous ness 



dis cour 7 te ous 
per i os 7 te um 
chris ti an' i ty 



Class 72. 

Words in ichich DI has the sound of Je. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

cor di al guar di an cor di al ly 

Accented on the second syllable. 

com pen di ous com pen di um cor di al i ty 



Class 73. 

Words in ichich X has the sound of Gz. 
Accented on the second syllable. 

ex act ex alt ex haust ex hort ex ist 

* There is good authority, also, for pronouncing these two 
words, and their compounds, with the ordinary sound of te. 
Righteous and righteousness are also pronounced ri-chus, 

ri-rlm .'-77 ess. 



156 



ex ult ex ot ic ex u ber ance 

ex ert ex ec u tor lux u ri ous 

ex empt ex ec u trix lux u ri ant 

ex ile ex ec u tive ex em pli fy 

ex ac tion ex or bi tant aux il ia ry 

ex act ly ex or di urn 

ex am ine ex on er rate ex' em pla ry 

ex am pie ex as per ate co ex ist' 

ex em plar ex u ber ant ex ul ta' tion 



Class 74. 

Words in lohich QJJ has the sound of Kw. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

qua ver con quest quick lime 

ban quet in quest quick ly 

se quel mar quis quo rum 

fre quent quick en quaint ness 

Accented on the second syllable. 

re quest ac quit ac quire es quire 

e quip re quite re quire in quire 

The above toords present no difficulty to the learner, 
and other words like them are interspersed in other 
Classes. No Class would have been made, had it not been 
for the following words, in which Q,U , following a vowel, 
is sounded like KW, the K with the former, and the 
W with the latter syllable, or as if C were added to the 
syllable that precedes the QU ; thus, A-que-duct is 
pronounced Ac-que-duct, Sfc. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

li quid e qui page li qua ble 

a que duct e qui ty li quid ate 

a qui line li que fy e qui ta ble 
re qui site 



157 





Accented on the second i 


'ylluble. 


in i qui ty 


an ti qui ty 


re qui sV tion 


u bi qui ty 


ob li qui ty 


se ques tra ; tion 




Class 75. 




Words in which C and G before 


E or I are sounded 




like S and J* 






Accented on the first syllable. \ 


ac id 


mac e rate 


spec i fy 


plac id 


plac id ly 


spec i men 


fac ile 


tac i turn 


cec i ty 


tac it 


vac il late 


doc i ble 


proc ess 


dec i mal 






doc ile 


dec i mate 


nee es sa ry 




rec i pe 


vac il Ian cy 




pac i fy 


prec e dent 


vac il la 7 tion 


lac e rate 


prec i pice 






Accented on the second . 


syllable. J 


im bee ile 


ve rac i ty 


fe lie i ty j 


in doc ile 


vi vac i ty 


sim plic i ty 


il lie it 


vo rac i ty 


lu brie i ty j 


e lie it 


au dac i ty 


rus tic i ty 


im plic it 


men dac i ty 


pub lie i ty 


so lie it 


ca pac i tate 


im plic it ly 


ex plic it 


di lac e rate 


so lie it ude 


sa gac i ty 


an tic i pate 


so lie it ous 


ca pac i ty 


fe lie i tate 


so lie it or 


ra pac i ty 


par tic i pate 


fe lie it ous 


o pac i ty 


men die i ty 


me die in al 


te nac i ty 


du plic i ty 


mu nic i pal 


* There is no reason why these words should form a separate 


Class, except the difficulty of dividing them into syllables. The 


division that has best succeeded with the author's pupils has been 


adopted. 




i 



14 



158 



a troc i ty pre coc i ty 


rh\ noc e ros 


fe roc i ty di oc 


e san 


un nee es sa ry 


ve loc i ty in doc i ble 




Accented on the third syllable. 


lac er a tion 




in fe lie i ty 


mac er a tion 




e lee trie i ty ! 


sac er do tal 




ec cen trie i ty 


in ca pac i ty 




mul ti plic i ty 


in ca pac i tate 




aii then tic i ty i 


per ti nac i ty 




rec i proc i ty 


per spi cac i ty 




tac i turn i ty 


rec i ta tion 






dec i ma tion 




an tic i pa 7 tion 


du o dec i mo 




par tic i pa / tion 


e las tic i ty 






Accented on the first syllable. 


mag ic trag ic al 


vig il ant 


trag ic ag i tate 


vig il ance 


ag ile flag e 


let 


cog i tate 


frag ile mag is trate 


log ic al 


= ]e^ er veg e 


tate 


prog e ny 


dig it leg i 


ble 


mag is tra cy 


rig id leg is 


late 


veg e ta ble 


frig id reg i 


cide 


veg e ta tive 


vig il reg i 


men 


leg en da ry 


log ic reg i 


ment 


leg is la tive 


trag e dy reg is ter 


leg is la ture 


Accented on the second syllable. 


im ag ine 




in dig e nous 


il leg i ble 




bel lig e rent 


o rig in al 




im ag in a ble 


o rig in ate 




o rig in al ly 


re frig e rate 





159 



Accented on 


the third syllable. I 


sag it ta ri us 


ge o log ic al 


o le ag in ous 


the o log ic al 


car til ag in ous 


phil o log ic al ! 


mu cil ag in ous 


tau to log ic al 


leg is la tion 


Fourth syllable. 


reg i ment al 


leg er de main 


ab o rig in al 


im ag in a tion 


ab o rig i nes 


gen e a log ic al 


cog i ta tion 






an a log ic al 


me te or o log 7 ic al 


Class 58. 


(Continued from page 105.) 


Words in which A, in 


the last syllable, has a short l 


sound, not unlike U short in But. 


Accented on 


the second syllable. 


fu ne re al 


nu mer ic al 


pro verb i al 


sa tir ic al 


ad verb i al 


in im ic al 


a e ri al 


le vit ic al 


im pe ri al 


po lit ic al 


me mo ri al 


i ron ic al 


mer cu ri al 


sjn op tic al 


ef feet u al 


his tor ic al 


e vent u al 


re cip ro cal 


per pet u al 


cen trif u gal 


con tin u al 


hex ag o nal 


ha bit u al 


di ag o nal 


bo tan ic al 


oc tag o nal 


the at ric al 


e pis co pal 


non sen sic al 


un nat u ral 


he ret ic al 


cen trip e tal 


po et ic al 


co me di an 







160 



tra ge di an 
me rid i an 
di lu vi an 
bar ba ri an 
li bra ri an 
gram ma ri an 
a gra ri an 
re pub lie an 
le vi a than 
ap pur te nance 
pro tu ber ance 
in tem per ance 
in her it ance 

Accented on the 

par ri ci dal 
ac ci dent al 
oc ci dent al 
o ri ent al 
al i ment al 
det ri ment al 
in ci dent al 
u ni vers al 
hor i zon tal 



math e mat ic al 
em blem at ic al 
un gram mat ic al 
en ig mat ic al 
di a met ric al 
ge o met ric al 
ar ith met ric al 
the o ret ic al 
ac a dem ic al 
pe ri od ic al 



con tin u ance 
de liv er ance 
in tol er ance 
sig nif i cant 
it in er ant 
in hab it ant 
con com it ant 
ex or bit ant 
o rac u lar 
ver nac u lar 
tri an gu lar 
par tic u lar 
ve sic u lar 

third syllable. 

ap os tol ic al 
ec o nom ic al 
an a torn ic al 
cat e gor ic al 
par a dox ic al 
un e quiv o cal 
mat ri mo ni al 
tes ti mo ni al 
Ion gi tu din al 
par ti cip i al 
sen a to ri al 
die ta to ri al 
e qui lat er al 
pre ter nat u ral 
in di vid u al 
the o lo gi an 
an ti qua ri an 
post di lu vi an 
met ro pol i tan 
in sig nif i cance 



161 



per se ver ance 


per pen die u lar 


dis ap pear ance 


er y sip e las 


Accented on the 


fourth syllable. 


ar is to crat ic al 


an te di lu vi an 


par a dis I ac al 


pre des tin a ri an 


me di a to ri al 


dis cip lin a ri an 


med i ter ra ne an 




Classes 


1, 5, 9. 


(Continued from pages 


34, 87, 90, 94, and 109.) 


Words in which E final lengthens the preceding vowel, 


according to the general rule. 


Accented on the first syllable. 


per e grin ate 


a er o lite * 


Accented on the second syllable. 


e quiv o cate 


ca pit u late 


do mes tic ate 


in oc u late 


prog nos tic ate 


ex post u late 


re cip ro cate 


a bom in ate 


in val id ate 


pre dom in ate 


con sol id ate 


re crim in ate 


e lu cid ate 


pro eras tin ate 


de lin e ate 


un fort u nate 


re pu di ate 


ex hil ar ate 


e jac u late 


ex as per ate 


co ag u late 


in car cer ate 


i per am bu late 


re ver ber ate 


con grat u late 


re gen er ate 


a cid u late 


de gen er ate 


ar tic u late 


re it er ate 


* The learner must be careful 


not to pronounce this word and 


a-er-o-naut, a-er-i-form, &c., as 


if they were spelled air-o-lite t 


air-o-jiaut, air-i-form, &c. 





14 



162 



ob lit er ate 


cos mop o lite 




py nn pv ato 








pre pon 


der ate 




Third syllable. 




re mu ner ate 


cir 


cum nav i gate 




e nu mer ate 


re 


ca pit u late 




in vig or ate 


pri 


mo gen it ure 




in cor por ate 


ar e op a gite 




in fat u 


ate 




Fourth syllable. 




e vac u 


ate 


rod o mon tade 




per pet 


u ate 


su 


per in duce 




in sin u ate 

i 


car i ca ture 






Class 


76. 






Words in 


which CH is sounded hard, like K. 




chasm 


tro chee 




sac cha rine 




chyle 


ach ing 




cham o mile* 




couch 


arch Ives 




sen es chalf 




chrome 


schir rus 




chal ce do ny 




ache 


ep och 




eu cha rist 




scheme 


cho rus 




char ac ter 




school 


schol ar 




mech an ism 




su mach 


chron ic 




ar che type 




ll lach 


an chor 




or ches tra 




stom ach 


ech o 




cat e chize 




drach ma 


schoo ner 




cat e chism 




chal dee 


mon arch 




al che my 




pas chal 


te trarch 




al che mist 




head ache 


hi e rarch 




chem ist ry 




cha os 


pa tri arch 


chsm ic al ly 




sched ule 


pen ta teuch 


ar chi tect 




chem ist 


bac cha nal 


ar chi tect ure 




* Also spelled 


cum-o-mile. t Also ] 


mmounced sen-e-sha'.. 





163 



chi ro man cy syn chro nism mon arch y 

an cho rite lach ry mal hep tarch y 

an chor age chrys o lite hi e rarch y 

harp si chord chrys a lis ol i garch y 

chol er ic an ti christ tech nic al 

mel an chol y an arch y sep ul chre 
chron i cle 

Accented on the second syllable. 

cha ot ic chi mer ic al 

me chan ic chi rog ra phy 

chi me ra chi rog ra pher 

scho las tic chi rur ge ry 

arch an gel con chol o gy 

he mis tich chro nol o gy 

chro mat ic chro nom e ter 

se pul chral me chan ic al 

cha lyb e ate an ach ro nism 

cha me le on mo narch ic al 

pa ro chi al syn ec do che 

Accented on the third syllable. 

mach in a tion hyp o chon dri ac 

hi e rarch al bac cha na li an 

pa tri arch al chron o log ic al 

Cat e Chu men Fourth syllable. 

cat e chet ic al char ac ter is tic 

ich thy ol o gy me temp sy cho sis 



Class 77. 

Words in which PH is pronounced like F. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

sylph sphere graph ic 

lymph sphinx pha lanx 

phrase ser aph phan torn 



164 



| or phan 


phos phor 


par a phrase 


1 sul phate 


cam phor 


par a phrast 


zeph yr 


sul phur 


spher ic al 


ci pher 


tro phy 


at mos phere 


hy phen 


phys ic 


plan i sphere 


sphe roid 


tri umph 


hem i sphere 


spher ic 


aph o mm 


bias phe my 


pam phlet 


ser aph im 


bias phe mous 


phe nix 


ep i taph 


cal iph ate 


phil ter 


cen o taph 


proph e sy 


ca liph 


par a graph 


soph is try 


dau phin 


tel e graph 


ntet a phor 


dol phin 


el e phant 


sym pho ny 


sam phire 


syc o phant 


sul phur ous 


proph et 


phar ma cy 


phys ic al 


soph ist 


pha e ton 


por phy ry 


soph ism 


al pha bet 


at ro phy 


si phon 


em pha sis 


zo o phyte 


Accented on the second syllable. 


as phal tic 


ca tas tro phe 


as phal tos 


phre nol o gy 


lym phat 


ic 


phe nom e non 


em phat 


ic al 


phleg mat ic 


an aph o 


ra 


pro phet ic 


di aph a nous 


de ci pher 


her maph ro dite 


e phem e ra 


a poc ry 


pha 


bi og ra pher 


a poc ry 


phal 


e piph a ny 


tri um phant 


per iph ra sis 


1 bias pheme 


an tiph ra sis 


sphe roid al 


per iph er y 


phle bot 


omy 


am phib i ous 


a phe li 


an 


so phis tic al 


a pos tro 


phe 


phil an thro py 



165 



phil ol o gy lith og ra phy 

phil os o pher ge og ra phy 

phil os o phy sten og ra phy 

sar coph a gus or thog ra phy 

sym pho ni ous to pog ra phy 

sul phu re ous cos mog ra phy 

phyl ac te ry ty pog ra phy 
bi og ra phy 

Accented on the third syllable. 

phar i sa ic al phil o soph ic al 

phra se ol o gy phos pho res cent 

or tho graph ic al phos pho res cence 

typ o graph ic al met a mor phose 

lith o graph ic al hy dro pho bi a 

pam phlet eer met a phor ic al 

lex i cog ra pher met a mor pho sis 

at mos pher ic al phys i og no my 

phil o me la phys i ol o gy 

am phi the a tre met a phys ics 

phil o log ic al met a phys ic al 

Accented on the fourth syllable. 

ste re o graph ic hi e ro glyph ic 

di aph o ret ic hi e ro glyph ic al 



Class 78. 

Words in which SH come before R. 

The object of collecting these few words into a Class is 
to enable the teacher to correct a very faulty pro- 
nunciation of them ; thus, Srill, Srink, <$f§., in- 
stead of Shrill, Shrink, Sfc. 

shred 

shrew 

shrewd 



shrewd ly 


shriek 


shrew ish 


shrift 


shrew mouse 


shrill 



166 



shrill ness 


shrive 




shrub 


shrill y 


shrlv el 


shrub be ry 


shrimp 
! shrine 


shroud 
shrouds 


shrug 
shrunk 


shrink 


shrove tide 


shrunk en 




Class 49. 




Words in 


which Consonants art 


doubled. 




(Continued from page 76.) 




ab ba cy 


dif fi dent 


lev el ler 


gib ber ish 


dif fi cult 


lev el ling 


rob ber y 
stub born ness 


of fer ing 
of fi cer 


tran quil ly 
vac il late 




suf fer ing 
suf fer ance 


fal li ble 
dal li ance 


ac ci dence 


ac ci dent 


buf fa lo 


pal li ate 


vac cin ate y 




pel li cle 


ac cu rate 


rag ged ness 


vil la ny 


pec ca ble 


ag gra vate 


vil la nous 


moc ca son 


ag gre gate 


in tel lect 


oc cu pant 
oc cu py 


ag gran dize 
beg gar y 
slug gish ness 


mil lin er 
li bel ler 
cor al line 


sud den ness 
rud di ness 


fal la cy 


jol li ty 
mol li fy 




gal lant ry 
par al lax 


col lo quy 
col lo cate 


af fa ble 


taf fe ta 


par al lei 


hoi ly hock 


af flu ent 


trav el ler 


scul le ry 


ef fi gy 


gal le ry 


sul len ness 


tif fa ny 


chan eel lor 


nul li ty 


dif fer ence 


mar vel lous 


nul li fy 


dif fer ent 


sat el lite 


syl la ble 


dif fi dence 


rev el ler 


syl lo gize 



167 



crys tal line 




mas sa ere 




crys tal lize 


nar ra tive 
bar ren ness 


sas sa fras 
pas sen ger 




im mi grant 


bar ri er 


clas sic al 


im mo late 


car ri er 


las si tude 


sum ma ry 


gar ri son 


jes sa mine 


sym me try 


bar ri cade 


mes sen ger 




par ri cide 


dis si pate 


an nal ist 


bar ris ter 


os si fy 


can ni bal 


ar ro gance 


pos si ble 


an nu lar 


ar ro gant 


glos sa ry 


an nu let 


ar ro gate 


pu is sance 


cin na mon 


bar ber ry 


mus sul man 


in no vate 


mer ri ly 






in no cent 


mer ri ment 


bat ter y 


gun ne ry 


ter ri ble 


flat ter y 


nun ne ry 


ter ri er 


flat ter er 


drunk en ness 


ir ri gate 


at ti tude 




ir ri tate 


at tri bute 




ap pe tite 


or re ry 


set tie ment 


ap po site 


cor ri dor 


pet ti coat ! 


slip pe ry 


por rin ger 


pret ti ness ■ 
lot te ry 


frip pe ry 


mul ber ry 


flip pan cy 


cur ren cy 


ut ter ance 


sup pli ant 


cur ri cle 


but ter fly 


sup pli cant 


scur ril ous 




sup pli cate 




diz zi ness 




Accented on the second syllable. 


to bac co 
si roc co 


ac com plish 
oc cult ness 




af fran chise 


ec cen trie 


oc cur rence 


af fee tion 


de sic cate 


sue cess ive 


af flic tion 


ex sic cate 


sue cess or 


ef ful gence 


ac com plice 


sue cess ful 


dif fu sion 



168 



dif fuse 1 j 




as sem ble 




dif fu sive 


en no ble 


as sem bly 


of fend er 


be gin ning 


as sort ment 


of fen sive 


fore run ner 


dis sem ble 
dis sent er 
bis sex tile 


ag gress or, 


ap par el 


ag gress ion 


ap pend ant 


pos sess or 


ag griev ance 


ap pen dix 


in ces sant 




ap pren tice 


ces sa tion 




al low ance 


ap prais er 


o mis sion 


me tal lie 


ap praise ment 


o pos sum 


al lure ment 


ap prov al 


mo las ses 


em bel lish 


op press or 






el lip sis 


un hap py 


at trac tion 


pel lu cid 




at tract ive 


il lu mine 


ar ri val 


at tain der 


ce dil la 


nar ra tion 


at ten tion 


un wil ling 


em bar rass 


pal met to 


pru nel lo 


er rat ic 


stil et to 




ter rif ic 
cor rect ive 


mu lat to 
ban dit ti 


back gam mon 


di lem ma 


cor ro sive 


ac quit tal 


im mer sion 


cor rup tion 


ac quit tance 


im mod est 


con cur rence 


im bit ter 


im mor al 


re cur rence 


com mit tee 


im mor tal 


sur ren der 


un spot ted 


un com mon 







com mand ment 


as sas sin 


em bez zle 


con sum mate 


as sess or 

Longer Words, 




Accented on the first syllable. 


sue cu len cy 


ag gran dize ment 


lam el la ted 


dif fi cul ty 





pal li a tive 


• 


mal le a ble 


cat er pil lar 



169 



act u al ly 


ter ri to ry 


al le go ry 






ar mil la ry 


cas so wa ry 


med ul la ry 


nee es sa ry 


per son al ly 


com mis sa ry 


lin e al ly 


em is sa ry 


lit er al ly 


prom is so ry 


mis eel la ny 






nom i nal ly 


ut ter a ble 


Accented on the second syllable. 


ac eel er ate 


al le vi ate 


ac cent u ate 


col le gi an 


ac cept a ble 


un e qual ly 


ac cli mat ed 


in tel li gence 


ac com mo date 


in tel li gent 


ac com plish ment 


il lib er al 


ac com pa ny 


il lit er ate 


ac cu mu late 


mel lif lu ent 


ac cu 5a tive 


mel lif lu ous 


ac count a ble 


el lip tic al 




tran quil li ty 




af fee tion ate 


ar til le ry 


af fin i ty 


con trol la ble 


af firm a tive 


al low a ble 


in ef fa ble 


col lo qui al 


in dif fer ence 


col lu so ry 


in dif fer ent 


il lu so ry 


ef front er y 


al lu vi al 




il lu min ate 




ca pil la ry 


il lus tri ous 


ap pel la tive 


dis syl la ble 


in fal li ble 




col lat er al 


in flam ma ble 



15 



170 



im mac u late 
com mend a ble 


i 


ir reg u lar 


im men si ty 


ir rel e vant 


com mem o rate 


cor rel a tive 


com mens u rate 


ir res o lute 


com mis er ate 


ir rev er ence 


am mo ni a 


ter res tri al 


com mod i ty 


in ter ro gate 


im mod er ate 


cor rob o rate 


im mor tal ize 


scur ril i ty 


im mu ni ty 


em bar rass ment 


com mu ni cant 
com mu ni cate 




am bas sa dor 




am bas sa dress 
as sas sin ate 


ty ran ni cal 


bi en ni al 


ac cess i ble 


cen ten ni al 


ac cess o ry ! 


per en ni al 


ne ces si tous 


mil len ni um 


ne ces si ty 


an ni hi late 


as sid u ous 


an nu i ty 


as sim i late 


1 


dis sim i lar 


ap pro pri ate 


ad mis si ble 


op pro bri um 


vi cis si tude 


ap prox i mate 


im pos si ble 


ap pur te nance 




Accented on the third syllable. 


ac cla ma tion 
ac cu sa tion 


in of fen sive 




vac cin a tion 


ag gra va tion 


ac ci dent al 







flag el la tion 




af fee ta tion 


vac il la tion 


un af feet ed 


al li ga tor 










171 



cir cum val late 


op po si tion 


al le gor ic 








cor res pond ence 




in flam ma tion 


cor res pond ent 


am mu ni tion 
an nex a tion 


in ter reg num 




an no ta tion 


in ter ces sor 


in no va tor 


pred e ces sor 


in no va tion 


col os se um 




laz ar et to 
in ter mit tent 


ap pli ca tion 


ap pre hen sion 


pet ti fog ger 


ap po si tion 




Longer 


Words, 


Accented on the 


second syllable. 


ac com pa ni ment 


un war rant a ble 


e vent u al ly 


ir ref ra ga ble 


ha bit u al ly 


ir rep ar a ble 


in tel li gi ble 


ir rev o ca ble 


in flam ma to ry 


in cor ri gi ble 


in nu mer a ble 


in dis so lu ble 


Accented on the third syllable. 


mis eel la ne ous 


im mo ral i ty 


pa sil Ian i mous 


an ni ver sa ry 


par al lei o gram 


op por tu ni ty 


in ef feet u al 


sup pie ment a ry 


in tel lect u al 


sub ter ra ne an 


af fa bil i ty 


in ter rog a tive 


il le git i mate 


ir re vers i ble 


al le gor ic al 


ir re triev a ble 


mon o syl la ble 


dis sim il i tude 


pol y syl la ble 






un gram mat ic al 


ir re cov er a ble 


im ma te ri al 


ir re me di a ble 



17-2 



m ter rog a to ry 
al le gor ic al ly 

Accented on the fourth syllable 



the o ret ic al ly 



ac cu mu la tion 
ac count a bil i ty 
in fal li bil i ty 
mal le a bil i ty 
pu sil Ian im i ty 
in flam ma bil i ty 



com mem o ra tion 
cor ro si bil i ty 
ir reg u lar i ty 
ir rec on cil a ble 
os si fi ca tion 



Class 79. 

Words in which N followed by G, C, K, or Q,, has a 
nasal sound, as if written NG ; thus, Ang-ger, 

TlNG-KLE, TRUNG-CATE, VaNG-QUISH, <^C* 

an ger an guish 

an gle Ian guish 



dan gle 
jan gle 
man gle 
span gle 
tan gle 
stran gle 
an gling 
dan gling 
jan gling 
man gling 
man go 
an gry 
Ian guid 



san guine 
Ian guage 
gan grene 
pen gain 
lin guist 
fin ger 
lin ger 
min gle 
shin gle 
sin gle 
swin gle 
tin gle 



m got 
Ion ger 
Ion gest 
stron ger 
stron gest 
con gress 
youn ger 
youn gest 
mon ger 
hun ger 
hun gry 
bun gle 
bun gler 



an. kle 
ran kle 
tin kle 
sprin kle 
twin kle 
tin ker 
trin ket 



un cle 
trail cate 
con cord 
con course 

con querf 



* JV* has the same nasal sound in bank, rank, brink, sink, and 
the words that rhyme with them, or are formed from them ; but 
it was not thought necessary to repeat them in this Class, since 
there was no fear of their being pronounced wrong. 

t Usually pronounced kong-ker in New England, though there 
is good authority for pronouncing qu as in van-quish. 



173 



van quish rect an gle an gri ly sin gle ness || 

tri an gle stran gu ry sur cin gle 

an gu lar an gli cize sin gu lar 

Accented on the second syllable, 

be span gle ex tin guish de lin quent 
com inin gle dis tin guish de lin quen cy 
fla min go re lin quish e Ion gate 

Class 80. 

Words in which EI is variously sounded. 
EI like A long in Fate. 



weigh 

neigh 

sleigh 

eight 

eighth 



weight 
freight 
feint 
weigh er 
weight y 



eight y 
hein ous 
hein ous ly 
eight i eth 

weight i ness 



Second syllable. 

in veigh 
o bei sance 
ma dei ra 



EI like E short in Met. 



friend 
heif er 



for eign 
for eign er 



Second syllable. 

be friend 



mul lein 
sur feit 



EI like I short in Pin, 
for feit coun ter feit 

for feit ure coun ter feit er 



Class 81. 

Words in which various combinations of vowels have 
irregular sounds.* 

1. AI like E short in Met, 
said waist' coat a gain 7 

saith wain 7 scot a gainst' 

* The number of words was so small that it was thought un- 
necessary to make a Class for each combination. 



l& 



174 



aunt 
daunt 
haunt 
jaunt 



2. AU like A in Far. 
taunt staunch daunt less 

flaunt laun dry gaunt let 

haunch laun dress 

launch jaun dice un daunt' ed 



3. AI like I short in Pin. 



bar gain 
chap lain 
vil lain 
plan tain 



cap tarn 
cer tain 
cur tain 
foun tain 



moun tain 
moun tain ous 



moun tarn eer 



4. IA like I short in Pin. 

car riage par lia ment 



mar riage 
min ia ture 



mis car' riage 
par lia ment 7 a ry 



5. U as W. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

sua sion Ian guor as sue tude 

Ian guage suav i ty des ue tude 

Accented on the second syllable. 

dis suade as suage per sua sion 

per suade dis sua sive per sua sive 

A few words in Class 77 belong also to this subdivision. 



6. AGE or EGE like Idge.* 



cab bage 
dam age 
sav age 
vis age 
till age 



vil lage 
us age 
cour age 
um brage 
suf frage 



bev er age 
per son age 
car til age 
sac ri lege 
priv i lege 



* These words are so pronounced by Walker; but, excepting 
the two in ege, Worcester does not separate them from similar 
words in Class 43. 



175 



Class 82. 

Words in which some letter or letters must not be 

sounded. 

The silent letters are printed in Italic type. 

1. Words in which B is silent. 



lam& 


wom6 


numb ness 


Second syllable 


jamfr 


dum& 


dou&t less 


be num& 


de&t 


thum& 


de&t or 


sue cum6 


clim& 


numfr 


hec a tom& 


in tom6 


comb 


crum& 


cur ry comb 


re dou&t 


tom& 


dou&t 


cat a com&s 


in de&t ed 




2. Words in which G is 


silent. 


gnat 




gnome 


gnos 7 tics 


gnash 


gnu 


as sign ee' 


gnarl 


gno' mon 


con sign ee y 


gnaw 







In the following words, the G, though silent, seems to 
lengthen the vowel or diphthong before it. 

Accented on the first syllable. 

feign reign poign ant sign post 

deign sign poign an cy feign ed ly 

Accented on the second syllable. 

as sign con dign ar raign 

de sign be nign un feigned 

con sign im pugn as sign ment 

re sign op pugn con sign ment 

ma lign cam paign ma lign ly 



3. Words in which H is silent. 
Accented on the first syllable. 

Aerb Aour ly Aon or Aon est y 

Aour Aour glass Aon est Au mor 



176 



hum ble 


hu mor some 


Second syllable. 


host ler 


Aum ble bee 


dis Aon est 


Aerb age 


Aon or a ble 


dis Aon or 


shep herd 


Aon or a bly 


im post Aume 


hu mor ist 


Aon or a ry 


TJtird syllable. 


hu mor ous 
H aj 


shep Aerd ess 


dis Aa bille 

er sounded. 


Her R and G is net 


rheum 


rhu barb 


Second syllable. 


rhyme 


rAy mer 


a gAast 


myrrh 


gAast li ness 


ca tarrA 


rhythm 


rAap so dy 


ca tar rAal 


gAost 


rAet o ric 


rAeu mat ic 


gAost \y 


hem or rAage 


rAet or ic al 


gAast \y 


rAeu ma ti^m 


rAap sod ic al 


gAer kin 




Third syllable. 

rAet o ri cian 


4. 


Words in which K 


is silent. 


Anave 


Anob 


Anight hood 


knack 


Anot 


pen Anife 


knee 


Anock 


Anee pan 


kneel 


Anoll 


know\ edge 


Zcnead 


Anow 


Second syllable. 


Anell 


Anew* 


fore Anow 


Anit 


Ana vish 


un Anown 


Anight 


Ana ve ry 


ac Anowl edge 


knife 


Anap sack 


fore Anoid edge 


knives 






5. 


Words in which L 
A as in Far. 


is silent. ; 


a/ms baZm calm 


pa/m quaZm 




* Ew as in fexo. 





177 



psalm calf 


halve aim ond be half 


half calve salve be calm 




A as in All. 




talk calk walk 


cha/k y 


balk si 
fo/ks cou/d 


talk cha/k 


talk a tive 
ou/d sa/m 7 on 


wou/d sh 


6. Words in which N 


is silent. 


au tumn 


sol emn 


con temn 7 


col UHM 




con denm 7 


7. Words in which P 


is silent. 


Accented on the first syllable. 


psalm 


psal ter y 


j?shaw 


psa\ mist 


pseu do 


psal mo dy 


»sal ter 






j. 
tempt 


prompt er 


per emp to ry 


prompt 


symp torn 


sumpt u ous 


tempt er 


prompt i tude 


sumpt u a ry 


Accented on the second i 


syllable. 


at tempt 


re demp tion 


as sump tion 


ex empt 


im prompt u 


pre sump tive 


con tempt 


re sump tive 


pre sump tion 


re ceipt 


re sump tion 


pre sump tu ous 


tempt a tion 


con sump tive 


con tempt i ble 


ex emp tion 


con sump tion 


con tempt u ous 


8. Words 


in which U and UE are silent. 


guess 


gwer don 


gwar an ty 


guest 


ro gwish 


un gward 7 ed 


guard 


ro guer y 


guar an tee 7 



178 



fugue plagwe brogue 


pro rogue' 


vague rogwe col league 


dis em bogue' 


mosque di a logwe 


ped a gogue 


ec logwe ep i logue 


dem a gogue 


prol ogwe ap o \ogue 


syn a gogwe 


cat a logwe dec a logwe 


har angwe 7 


9. Wtfrds in which W 


is silent. 


wrath wrist 


writ ten 


wreath ivrithe 


wrist band 


wrest wrong 


wri ting 


wrench wry 


ship wright 


wretch wretch ed 


wretch ed ness 


write wres tie 


wrong ful ly 


writ wrig gle 


whole sale 


iflhole whom 


who whoop 


whole some 


whose whol ly 


un whole some 


Class 83. 




Words derived chiefly from the French, and retaining 


their foreign sounds. 


1. QU like K. 




Accented on the first syllable. 


li quor co 


quet ry 


con quer con quer or 


; et i quette con quer a ble 


par o quet ha] 


r le quin 


Accented on the second syllable. 


ob lique pi quet 


qua drille 


o paque co quette 


ex chequ er 


mas quer ade' pal an quin' 



179 





2. OU like OO in Cool. 




tour 


group sou 7 ve nir 




soup 


youth par' a mour 




croup 


wound 






Accented on the second syllable* 




sur tout 


a mour ac cou tre 




car touch 


un couth ac cou tre ment 




con tour 


mous tache tam bou rine 7 






3. CH like SH. 






Accented on the first syllable. 




i chaise 


mar chion ess 




sen es 


chal par a chute 






Accented on the second syllable. 




char ade 


ma chine pis ta chio 




chic ane 


ma chin er y ga lo ches 




cham paign 


l chi ca ner y mous tache 






4. I like E long in Me. 






Accented on the first syllable. 




suite pro file ver di gris in va lid 






Accented on the second syllable. 




po lice 


fa tigue ma rine 




pe lisse 


in trigue ra vine 




ca price 


an tique in tri guer 




va lise 


ca zique mos qui to 




fi nesse 


ton tine 

Accented on the third syllable. 




mag a 


zine pal an quin 




quar an tme 




tam bou rine rcc i ta tive 7 




bom ba sin ul tra ma rine 7 





180 





Class 84. 




PROPER NAMES. 




The following list only includes such proper names as present 
some difficulty or peculiarity, and are in common use. Those 
who wish for a more complete list may find it in Worcester's 
Dictionary, which is preferable, in this respect, to Walker's, 
because it embraces modern as well as ancient names, and is 
adapted to the wants of the United States. 


Were the orthography and pronunciation of Indian and foreign 
names at all settled, any thing like a complete list of them 
would swell this book to twice its present size; but nine 
tenths of the names would be unimportant, or of very limited 
use, and they would be as much out of place here as strictly 
technical words, which are necessarily and properly excluded 
from all spelling books 


A in Fate. 


Wa bash 


A as Ah. 


Ra chel 


Ra \eigh 


Sa rah 


Sa turn 


Wal tham 


No ah 


Cam bridge 
A bra ham 


Wal pole 
War saw 


A sia 
Han nah 




Al ba ny 


Di nah 


A in Fat. 


Bal ti more 


Mar tha 


An twerp 
Fran cis 


Hal lo well 
Gib ral 7 tar 


Pis gah 
Deb o rah 


Fran ces 


Mont re al 7 


Af ri ca 


Ath ens 


Sen e gal 7 


Man tu a 


Natch es 


Ni car a 7 gua 


Gen o a 


Har ri et * 




Josh u a 


Cath a rine* 


A in Far. 


Second syllable. 


Ni ag 7 a ra 


Ha vre 


Su san nah 


North amp 7 ton 


Tawn' ton 


Sa van nah 


Wis cas 7 set 


Dart 7 mouth 


Ha van na 


Kamts chat ka 


Ma dras 7 


U ri ah 




Gren a 7 da 


A bi jah 


A in All. 


Al a ba 7 ma 


Jo si ah 


Sa co 


Dem e ra 7 ra 


Au gus ta 


* Some spell these names Har-ri-ot^ Kath-a~rine. 



181 



Ber mu da 


IE as long E. 


Lyd i a 


Re bee ca 


E 7 rie 


Plym outh 


A mer i ca 


Deer field 


E gypt 


Be er she ba 


Al giers 7 


Pyr e nees 


Third syllable. 


Mont pel 7 ier 


U lys ses 


Jer e mi ah 




Ab ys sin 7 i a 


Ne he mi ah 


I as long E. 


Perm syl va' ni a 


ba di ah 


Lisle 






Chili 


AI as long A. 


E in Me. 


Qui to 


Maine 


Swe den 


Tri este 


Cai ro 


M ne 7 as 


Hamp shire 


Si nai 


E ze 7 ki el 


Berk shire, &c. 


I sai 7 ah f 


Eb en e 7 zer 


Mo bile 7 


Ja mai 7 ca 




Cas tine 7 


Beth sai 7 da 


E in Met. 


Lou i 7 5a 




Delhi 


An ti 7 gzja 


U, OU, and EU, 


Hel en 


Mo zam bique 7 


as OO. 


Hen ry 


Ten e rifle' 


Tou Ion 


Leg horn 




Rou en 


Sev ille 


EA as E. 


Reu ben 


Del a ware 


Zea land 


Tou louse 


Em e line * 


Chel sea 


Mis sou' ri 


Beth le hem 


Guin ea 


Mas sa chu' setts 


Fred er ic 


El 7 ea nor 




Que bee 7 


E lea 7 zer 


OI in Oil. 

De troit 


EE as long E. 


Y long. 


11 li nois f 


Keene 


Pal my ra 




Greece 




EU as long IL 


Ten nes see 


Y short. 


Eu rope 


Gen e see 


Lynn 


Eu nice 


* Em-me-line, some spell it. t Pronounced I-za-yah. 


+ 
+ 


Some do not sound the 


s. 



16 



182 



Steu ben 

CH as K, 
E noch 
Mu nich 
Mocha 
Bac chus 
She chem 
Cher son 
Chlo e 
Mi chael 
Jer i cho 
Ich a bod 
Nich o las 
Is sa char 
Chris to pher 
U trecht 

Second syllable. 

Chal de a 
A chil les 



Tel em a chus 
Sche nee ta dj 
Cher so nese' 
Ar chi pel' a go 

PH as F. 
Ralph * 
A zoph 
Jo seph 
A saph 
Ran dolph 
Hum phrej 
Ste phen 
Phebe 
Phil ip- 
Phil lis 
Phin e has 
Al phe usf 
Ra pha el 
E phra im 



Second syllable. 

So phi a 
E li pha let 
Eu phra tes 
The oph i lus 

Phil a del' phi a 

las Y. 
Dan iel 
Na than iel 
Will iam 

TI lilce SH. 
Lu ere tia 
Ho ra tio 

GE as J. 
George 
Geor gi a 



Names containing silent letters, which are in Italic. 



Cal ais 
Ab i gail 
Brit am 
Wind sor 
Knox ville 
White field 
Car lisle 
Wxen tham 
Cay en we 



Ver gennes 
Ce ven/ies 
Prague 
Hague 
Hugh 
Digh ton 
Brigh ton 
Stough ton 
Scit u ate 



Scyth i a 
Her schel 
RAodes 
RAine 
Rhone 
Ttho da 
GAent 
John 
Thorn as 



* The English pronounce this Rafe. 

t Some authorities accent this name on the second syllable ; 
but usage is opposed to authority. 



Esth er 
Thib et 
An tho ny 
Al le gha. ny 
Read ing 
Leon ard 



183 

Wey mouth 
Haer lem 
ka ron 
I saac 
Ca naan 



Ba laam 
Ma* thew 
O nei 7 da 
RAode \sY and 
An torn ette ; 



Thames 
Worces' ter 
Leices' ter 
Cham 7 plain 
Mich i gan 
Salis bu ry 



PRONOUNCED. 

Temz 
Woos ter 
Les ter 
Sham plane 
Mish' e gan 
Sawlz bu re 



SPELLED. 

Bor deaux 
Mar seilles 
Fin is terre 
Bar ba does 



PRONOUNCED. 

Bor do 
Mar sales 
Fin is tare 
Bar ba duz 



Bue nos Ay res Bood nos A rez 



Class 85. 

Irregular Words, not falling into Classes, and often 
having several characteristics, so that it was thought 
better to endeavor to spell their pronunciation than to 
attempt to mark it with our imperfect means. Letters 
in Italic are used as before, and, when no accented 
syllable is marked, the accent is on the first syllable. 



SPELLED. 

through 
^Aough 
al ^Aough 
dough 
fur lough 
thor Qugh 
bough 
plough 

slough (mire) 
drought 
dough ty 
rough 
tough 



PRONOUNCED. 

throo 

tho 

all tho 

do 

fur lo 

thur ro 

bou 

plou 

slou 

drout 

dou te 

ruf 

tuf 



slough (cast ) 



sJcin) 
e nough 
cough 
trough 
ought 
bought 
fought 
sought 
brought 
wrought 
thought 
fore thought 



PRONOUNCED. 

sluf 

e nuf 
Jcavjf 
trawf 
awt 
bawt 
fawt 
sawt 
brawt 
rawt 
ihawt 
for thawt 



184 



SPELLED. 


PRONOUNCED. 


SPELLED. 


PRONOUNCED. 


thought ful 


thawtfull 


hal i but 


hol li but 


hough 


hoc 


an cient 


ain shent 


lough 


loc 


an gel 


ain gel 


aught 


awt 


gael 


gale 


caught 


cawt 


gael ic 


ga lie 
britch ez 


naught 


nawt 


breech es 


taught 


tawt 


heard 


hurd 


fraught 


frawt 


rhea sles 


me zlz 


daugh ter 


daw tur 


pa geant 


padjunt 


slaugh ter 


slaw tur 


pa geant ry 


padjunt ry 


ha ugh ty 


haw te 


ser geant 


sarjent 


naugh ty 


naw te 


ven geance 


venjunce 


laugh 


lahf 


bur geois' 


burjois' 


laugh ter 


lahf tur 


pla gi a rism 


pla je a rizm 


laucrh ing 


lahf ing 


sug ges^ 


sug jest' 


draught 


draft 


sug ges 7 tion 


sugjes' chun 


draughts 


drafts 


leg er 


ledjer 


length * 


length 


al lege' 


al ledge' 


pret ty 


prit te 


col lege 


col ledge 


has ket 


bas Jcit 


priv i lege 


priv e lidge 


bris ket 


bris kit 


maj es ty 


madjes te 


kltch en 


Tcitch in 


prej u dice 


predju dis 


en glish 


ing glish 


prej u di' cial 


predju dish' ul 


en gland 


ing gland 


ex ag ge rate 


egz adje rate 


height 


hite 


ex ag ge ra'tion egz adje ra' shun 


ka lei' do scope ka Vi do scope 


awe 


aw 


sieve 


siv 


aw ful 


aw full 


mis chief 


mis chif 


vaunt 


vahnt 


hand ker chief hang ker chif 


gaunt 


gahnt 


or gies 


or giz 


mau gre 


maw gur 


friend 


frend 


nau seous 


naw shus 


friend ship 


frend ship 


gauge 


gag* 


be friend / 


be frend' 


gau ger 


gajer 


seign ior 


seen yur 


gam boge 7 


gam boodge' 


a ny 


en ny 


wo man 


woo man 


ma ny 


men ny 


worn en 


wim in 


ate 


et 


buoy 


boo e 


* Length and strength are oft 


3n incorrectly pronounced without 


the g ; thus, lenth, strenth. 








185 



SPELLED. 


PRONOUNCED. 


SPELLED. 


PRONOUNCED. 


buoy ant 


boo e unt 


jeop ard ize 


jep ard ize 


buoy an cy 


boo e un se 


leop ard 


lep pard 


true 


troo 


ca mel' op ard 


ca mel' lo pard 


un true 7 


un troo' 


peo pie 


pee pi 


im onie 7 


im broo' 


feoff 


fif 


I ca noe' 


ka noo' 


feof fee 


fiff ee 


pur suit' 


pur soot' 


en feoff 


enfef 


re cruit' 


re croot' 


blood 


blud 


shrew 


shroo 


blood y 


blud de 


he brew 


he broo 


con jure 


kun jur 


cir cuit 


sur kit 


con jur er 


kun jur ur 


bis cuit 


bis kit 


pome gran' ate 


pum gran' at 


con duit 


Jcun dit 


sov er eign 


suv er in 


bus y 


biz ze 


sov er eign tv 


suv er in te 


bus i ly 


biz ze le 


bur y 


ber re 


bus i ness 


biz ness 


bur i al 


ber re ul 


let tuce 


let tis 


choir 


quire 


min ute 


min it 


stir rup 


stur rup 


pi geon 


pidjin 


be ha 7 vior 


be hav' yur 


wid geon 


wid jin 


brach ial 


brak yal 


cush ion 


Icoo shin 


gua ia cum 


gwa ya kum 


sain foin 


san foin 


guin ea w 


3 gin ne 


rail le ry 


ral le ry 


pla guy { j 


I pla ge 


plaid 


plad 


guil lo tine' 5 o gil lo teen' 


broad 


brawd 


bagn io 


ban yo 


groat 


grawt 


se ragl io 


se ral yo 


co coa 


Jco ko 


gran deur 


gran jur 


gaol 


jail 


a dieu 


a dew 


does 


duz 


lieu 


lew 


doth 


duth 


lieu ten 7 ant 


lew ten' ant 


one 


wun 


pur lieu 


purl yu' 


once 


wunce 


beau ty 


beiv te 


none 


nun 


beau ti ful 


bew te full 


on ion 


un yun 


beau ti fy 


bew te fi 


por poise 


por pus 


beau te ous 


bew che us 


tor toise 


tor tis 


view 


vew 


al oes 


al oze 


eye let 


i let 


yeo man 


yo mun 


eye lid 


i lid 


jeop ard y 


jep ar de 


mis tie toe 


miz zl to 



16 



186 



SPELLED. PRONOUNCED. 

nau seous naw shus 
cour te ous cur che us 
ra ti oc i na 7 tion 
rash e os e na' shun 
su per fi 7 cies super fish' iz 
pre cious presh us 

spe cial spesh ul 

es pe 7 cial ly es pesh' ul le 
dis ere tion dis cresh' un 
in dis ere' tion in dis cresh' un 
tran si 7 tion tran sizh' un 
na tion al nash un ul 
ra tion al rash un ul 

con science con shense 
un con 7 scion a ble 
un con' shun a hi 
mus cle mus si 

cor pus 7 cle cor pus si 
ac qui esce 7 " ac Jcwe ess' 
co a lesce 7 co a less' 
ef fer vesce 7 effer vess' 
ef flo resce 7 efflo ress' 
del i quesce 7 del e Jewess' 
phos pho resce 7 
fos fo ress' 
flac cid flak sid 

sic ci ty sik se te 

hys sop hiz zup 

dis cern diz zurn' 

dis cern' ment diz zurn' ment 
dis cern 7 i ble diz zurn' e hi 
suf fice suffize 

sac ri fice sac re fize 
gyves jives 

pan e gyr 7 ic # pan e jer' ilc 
i ron i urn 



SWELLED. PRONOUNCED. 

and i ron and i urn 

a pron a purn 

wors ted woos ted 

o chre o kur 

ich neu 7 rnon ik nu! mun 

mich ael mas mik kel mus 

drachm dram 

yacht yot 

schism sizm 

schis mat 7 ic siz mat' ik 

pheas ant fez unt 

so phi 7 a so fi ah 

neph ew nev veu 

sap phire safjir 

phthis ic tiz zik 

man tua ma ker 

man tu ma ker 

subt le sut tl 

subt le ty sut tl te 

czar zar 

czar i 7 na zar e' nah 

ad sci ti 7 tious ad se tish' us 

vict uals vit tiz- 

vict ual ler vit tier 

were wer 

jave lin jav Un 

ome let om let 

there fore ther fore 

ga zette 7 ga zet' 

stadt hold er stat hold er 

phlegm flem 

ap o thegm ap o them 

di a phragm di a fram 

par a digm par a dim 

as sign ee' as se nee' 

con sign ee' con se nee' 



* There is good authority for the more regular pronunciation ! 
of y as i in pin. 



187 



SPELLED. 


PRONOUNCED. 


SPELLED. PRONOUNCED. 


fal con 


Jaw kn 


whose hooz 


diph thong 


dip thong 


whom hoom 


triph thong 


trip thong 


tongue tung 


ip e cac 


u an 7 ha 


league leeg 


ip e cac u an' a 


boat swain bo sn 


asth ma 


ast mah 


cup board cub burd 


asth mat 7 ic 


ast mat' ik 


wednes day wenz de 


isth mus 


ist mus 


fore head for red 


christ mas 


kris mus 


col o nel Jew nel 


christ en 


kris sn 


house wife huz wif 


chris ten dom 


kris sn dum 


house wife ry huz wif re 


chest nut 


ches nut 


el ee mos y na ry 


mort gage 


mor gage 


el e moz e nar e 


mort ga ger 


mor gajur 


sev en night sen nit 


mort ga gee 7 


mor gajee' 


lig num vi' tae 


isl et 


i let 


lig num vi 1 te 


isl and 


i land 


cor nu co' pi ae 


vis count 


vi count 


kor nu ko' pe e 


pshaw 


shaw 


cy clo pae 7 di a 


pseu do 


sew do 


si clo pe' de ah 


psal ter 


sawl tur 


en cy clo pae 7 di a 


rasp ber ry 


raz ber ry 


en sy clo pe' de ah 


re ceipt 


re seet 


di ar rhoe 7 a 


as ymp tote 


as sim tote 


di ar re' ah 


pneu mat ics 


new mat iks 


phar ma co pee 7 ia 


mne mon ics 


ne mon iks 


far ma co pe' yah 


rhomb 


rum 


pros o po pee ia 


rhom boid 


rum boid 


pros o po pe' yah 


war rior 


war yur 


as a foet i da as afet' e dah 


sword 


sord 


a phaer e sis a fer 1 re sis 


an swer 


an ser 


ver mi eel li vur me chel' le 


who 


hoo 




Words borrowed from the 


French, but not retaining 


the true Frenc) 


i pronunciation. 


cha grin 


sha green 


av oir du pois av er du poiz' 


pa cha 


pa shaw 


roque laure role lore 


de pot 


de po 


ma noeu vre ma noo vur 



188 



SPELLED. PRONOUNCED. SPELLED PRONOUNCED. 

aid de camp aid de kong mare schal mar shal 
non pa reil non pa rel am a teur am a toor 

pic tu resque pic tu resk 

French Words retaining their French pronunciation* 

cor mem oir mem wah 

roozh res er voir rez er vwah 

vin yet' 
flam bo 
ron do 



corps 
rouge 
gout 
ra gout' 
haut boy 
pro vost 
e clat 7 
pi quant 
ca naille 7 
rou tine 7 
bou quet 
sou chong 
sou ve nir 
par terre 
cham ois 
deb au chee 
av 7 a lane he 



goo 
rag oo' 
ho bo e 
prov' o 
ec lahl 
pe kant' 
kan ahl' ye 
roo teen' 
boo kay' 
soo shong / 
souve neer 1 
par tare' 
sham' may 
deb o shee' 
av' a lansh 
men ag 7 e rie men azh ur e 
cui rass kwe ras 

cui ras sier 7 kwe ras seer' 
fris eur 7 free zur' 

fu sil 7 fu zee' 

dev oir dev wah 



mem oir 

res er voir 

vign ette 

flam beau 

ron deau 

port man 7 teau 
port man' to 
ca out 7 chouc 
cah oof chooc 



gi raffe 
co till on 
ap ro pos 7 
re veille 
bil let doux 
belles let 7 tres 
bag a telle 7 
deb o nair 7 
sol i taire 
con nois seur 
bur lesque 7 
gro tesque 7 



zhe raffe 
co til yun 
ap ro po' 
rev ale' ye 
bil la doo' 
bel let' tur 
bag a tel' 
deb o nare' 
sol e tare' 
con nis sur* 
bur leskf 
gro teste 



chev aux de frise 7 
shev o defreeze' 



Class 86. 

Words alike in Pronunciation, but different in Spelling 
and Meaning. 

The first word shows how the next is pronounced. 



Ale, a sort of drink. 
Ail, to be unwell 



Adds, reckons. 
Adze, sort of axe. 



* The author is aware that, in spelling the pronunciation of 
these words, he sometimes uses letters different from those used 
by Walker and others. 



189 



Air, wind. 


Base, mean or vile. 


Ere, before. 


Bass, a part in music. 


Heir, inheritor. 


Bay, a reddish brown. 


E'er, ever. 


Bey, a Turkish officer. 


All, every one. 


Be, to Zi'ye or exist. 


Awl, a sAarp tool. 


Bee, aw insect. 


Arms, weapons of war. 


Beech, a sort of tree. 


Alms, charity. 


Beach, a shore. 


Isle, an island. 


Beet, a red root. 


A\s\e, alley in a church. 


Beat, to strike. 


I'll, for I will. 


Bow, to shoot arrows with. 


Al ter, to change. 


BeaUj a fop. 


Al tar, place for sacrifice. 


Bin, Wiere groin is 


An ker, a measure. 


stored. 


An chor, of a ship. 


Been, 1 have been. 


Ark, of Noah. 


Beer, sort of drink. 


Arc, part of a circle. 


Bier, a hearse. 


As sent, agreement. 


Bell, tAat rings. 


As cent, steep place. 


Belle, a fine lady. 


Air 7 gur, sort of priest. 


Ber 7 ry, sort of fruit. 


Aii' ger, too/ to oore WtA. 


Bu ry, to inter tAe dead. 


Aught, any thing. 


Birth, nativity. 


Ought, he ought. 


Berth, place to sleep in. 


Naught, bad. 


Bite, ivith the teeth. 


Nought, nothing. 


Bight, turn in a rope. 


Bad, not good. 


Blew, the wind blew. 


Bade, did bid. 


. Blue, a color. 


Bale, a package. 


Bore, to make a hole. 


Bail, a surety. 


Boar, a male pig. 


Bate, to /ower tAe price. 


Born, come into life. 


Bait, to catcA ^sA with. 


Borne, endured. 


Bays, garlands. 


Bourn, a limit or bound. 


Baize, woollen cloth. 


Bur 7 row, a hole in the 


Ball, a ronnd t/u'ng\ 


ground. [town. 


Bawl, to cry aloud. 


Bor ough, a corporate 


Bawled, cried aloud. 


Bow, (bou,) to bend. 


Bald, without hair. 


Bough, branch of a 


Bare, naked. 


tree. 


Bear, a oeast, or to en- 


Brake, a thicket. 


dure. 


Break, to separate. 



190 



Breech, bottom of a 


Cen ser, a pan for in- ! 


gun. 


cense. 


Breach, the place bro- 


Cen sor, a censurer. 


ken. 


Sent, ordered away. 


Bred, educated. 


Cent, a copper coin. 


Bread, food. 


Scent, a perfume. 


Brute, a beast. 


Seer, a prophet. 


Bruit, a noise. 


Sere, to wither. 


But, except. 


Sear, to 6wrn. 


Butt, a measure or mark. 


Cere, to wax. 


By, near to. 


Ses' sion, a sitting. 


Buy, to purchase. 


Ces sion, a giving up. 


Cane, a ivalking-stick. 


Chop, to cw£. 


Cain, Abel's brother. 


Chap, the jaw. 


Call, to cry after. 


Quire, twenty-four sheets. 


Caul, a thin skin. 


Choir, set of singers. 


Cork, a light wood. 


Col' lar, for the neck. 


Calk, to stop cracks. 


Choi er, anger. 


CaP en der, to smooth 


Cord, a small rope. 


cloth. 


Chord, harmonious sound. 


Cal en dar, an almanac. 


Sink, to fall. 


Can' non, a large gun. 


Cinque, five. 


Can on, law of the church. 


Si' on, Mount Sion. 


Cap i tal, chief city. 


Ci on, a sprout. 


Cap i tol, the govern- 


Sit, to 5e seated. 


ment building. 


Cit, « citizen. 


Cask, a barrel. 


Site, situation. 


Casque, a helmet. 


Cite, to order to appear. 


Seed, of flowers, fyc. 


Sight, view or ZooAr. 


Cede, to give up. 


Claws, /eetf 0/ a &t'ro?. 


Seal, a stamp, or an an- 


Clause, part of a sen- 


imal, [a room. 


Clime, climate. [tence. 


Ceil, to plaster the top of 


Climb, to ascend. 


Sear 7 ing, a fastening. 


Close, to shut. 


Ceil ing, the top of a 


Clothes, dress. 


room. 


Corse, a dead body. 


Sell, to dispose of. 


Course, direction. 


Cell, a narrow room. 


Coarse, not fine. 


Sell' er, one who sells. 


Cox' comb, a fop. 


| Cell ar, under a house. 


Cock's comb, a plant. 



191 



Com' pie ment, full num- 


I, myself 


ber, [pression. 


Eye, the organ of sight. 
Fane, a temple. 


Com pli ment, civil ex- 


Core, of an apple. 


Fain, gladly. 


Corps, body of troops. 


Feign, to pretend. 


Coz 7 en, to cheat. 


Faint, weak. 


Cous in, uncle's child. 


Feint, a pretence. 


Creek, a small bay. 


Fare, provisions. 


Creak, to make a noise. 


Fair, clear. 


Cru 7 el, unfeeling. 


Fawn, a young deer. 


Crew el, worsted. 


Faun, a rural deity. 


Sig 7 net, a seal. 


Far 7 ther, more distant. 


Cyg net, a young swan. 


Fa ther, the male parent. 


Dam, female of some ani- 


Feet, part of the body. 


mals, or a bank to 


Feat, a famous action. 


stop water. 


Fel 7 low, a companion. 


Damn, to condemn. 


Fel loe, part of a wheel. 


Dane, a native of Den- 


Fil 7 lip, snap of the 


mark. 


finger. 


Deign, to condescend. 


Phil ip, a man's name. 


Deer, an animal. 


Flee, to run away. 


Dear, at a high price. 


Flea, an insect. 


Dew, moisture on plants. 


Flew, the bird flew. 


Due, owed. 


Flue, passage of a chim- 


Die, to cease to live. 


ney. 


Dye, to color. 


Flow 7 er, of plants. 


Dire, dreadful. 


Flour, grain when ground. 


Dyer, one who colors. 


Fore, before. 


Doe, a female deer. 


Four, twice two. 


Dough, bread before it is 


Forth, abroad. 


baked. 


Fourth, next after the 


Dun, sort of color. 


third. 


Done, performed. 


Fort, a castle. 


Dust, powder. 


Forte, an excellence. 


Dost, doest. 


Fowl, a bird. 


Dram, a glass of spirit. 


Foul, unfair. 


Drachm, eighth of an 


Frank, candid. 


ounce. 


Franc, a French coin. 


Your, belonging to you. 


Frays, quarrels. 


Ew 7 er, sort of pitcher. 


Phrase, an expression. 



192 



Freeze, to congeal. 


Hay, dried grass. 


Frieze, a term of archi- 


Hey, what ? how 1 


tecture. 


Heel, part of the foot. 


Frier, one who fries. 


Heal, to cure. 


Friar, a monk. 


Here, in this place. 


Fate, destiny. 


Hear, to hearken. 


Fete, a festival. 


Herd, a drove of cattle. 


Gate, a door. 


Heard, I heard a noise. 


Gait, manner of walking. 


Hew, to cut timber. 


Gaul, France. 


Hue, color. 


Gall, a bitter substance. 


Hugh, a man's name. 


Gilt, gilded. 


High,' no t low. 


Guilt, criminality 


Hie, to hasten away. 


Glare, dazzling light. 


Hire, pay or wages. 


Glaire, the white of 


High er, more high. 


eggs. 


Him, that man. 


Gore, clotted blood. 


Hymn, a religious song. 


Goar, three cornered piece 


Horde, a tribe. 


of cloth. 


Hoard, a heap. 


Grate, iron bars. 


Hole, a hollow. 


Great, large. 


Whole, entire. 


Gra' ter, a scraper* 


Ho' ly, sacred. 


Great er, larger. [fry. 


Whol ly, entirely. 


Greece, name of a coun- 


Hoop, of a barrel. 


Grease, fat . 


Whoop, a shout. 


Grieves, laments. [legs. 


Horse, an animal. 


Greaves, armor for the 


Hoarse, rough. 


Grown, increased in 


Our, belonging to us. 


size. 


Hour, sixty minutes. 


Groan, a deep sigh. 


In, within. 


Guest, a visitor. 


Inn, a tavern. 


Guessed, conjectured. 


In dite', to dictate. 


Hale, sound or healthy. 


In diet, to prosecute. 


Hail, frozen rain. 


Key, of a lock. 


Hare, a sort of animal. 


Quay, a wharf 


Hair, of the head. 


Kill, to take away life. 


Haul, or Hale, to pull. 


Kiln, a place to burn 


Hall, a large room. 


bricks. 


Hart, a male deer. 


Nag, a small horse. 


Heart, one of the vitals. 


Knag, a hard knot. 



193 



Nave, part of a wheel. 


Lev' y, to raise taxes or j 


Knave, a rogue. 


troops. 


Need, want. 


Lev 7 ee,.a morning visit. 


Knead, to work dough. 


Li 7 er, one who lies down- 1 


New, fresh. 


Li ar, one who tells lies. 


Knew, did know. 


Lyre, a musical instru- 


Night, absence of light. 


ment. 


Knight, a title. 


h\mb, part of the body. 


Nit, egg of a louse. 


Limw, to paint. 


Knit, to knit stockings. 


Lo, see ! behold ! 


Not, a negative. 


Low, not high. 


Knot, place tied. 


Load, a burden. 


No, not yes. [ivith. 


Lowed, the ox lowed. 


Know, to be acquainted 


Lone, single. 


Nose, part of the face. 


Loan, a thing lent. 


Knows, is acquainted 


Lock, fastening of doors. 


Lax, loose. [with. 


Lough, or Loch, a lake. 


[ Lacks, needs or wants. 


Lore, learning. 


Lade, to load. 


Low er, more low. 


Laid, placed. 


Made, finished. 


! Lane, a narrow street. 


Maid, a woman. 


Lain, he is lain down. 


Male, masculine. 


Led, conducted. 


Mail, armor. [neck. 


Lead, a metal. 


Mane, hair on a horse's 


Lee, side the wind blows 


Main, chief. 


on, or dregs. 


Maine, name of a state. 


Lea, ground fenced in. 


Maze, a winding path. \ 


Ley, a field. 


Maize, Indian corn. 


Leaf, of a plant. 


Man' ner, form, or way. 


Lief, I had as lief go. 


Man or, jurisdiction. 


Leek, a sort of onion. 


Man' tel, the mantel- 


3 Leak, not to be water- 


piece. 


tight. 


Man tie, sort of cloak. 


Leave, permission. 


Mark, a sign. 


Lieve, 1 had as Ueve go. 


Marque, privateer's com- 


Leav' er, one who leaves. 


mission, [der. 


Le ver, a bar to raise 


Mar 7 shal, to put in or- 


weights. 


Mar tial, warlike. 


Les' sen, to make smaller. 


Mare schal, chief of an 


Les son, a task. 


army. 



17 



194 



Meed, reward. [honey. 


Pane, a square of glass. 


Mead, drink made of 


Pain, uneasiness. 


Mede, a native of Media. 


Pare, to pare an apple. 


Mean, dishonorable. 


Pair, a couple. 


Mien, appearance. 


Pear, sort of fruit. 


Meet, proper, or fit. 


Pal' las, a heathen goddess. 


Meat, flesh for food. 


Pal ace, a Icing's house. 


Mete, to measure. 


Pal' let, a small bed. 


Me ter, a measurer. 


Pal ette, a painter's 


Me tre, measure of verse. 


board. 


Mule, an animal. 


Pal ate, organ of taste. 


Mewl, to cry as a child. 


Paul, a man's name. 


Muse, to meditate. 


Pall, covering of a coffin. 


Mews, the cat mews. 


Paws, of a beast. 


Mite, a small thing. 


Pause, a stop. 


Might, power. 


Peace, quiet. 


Mi' ner, a digger in 


Piece, a part of a thing. 


mines. [ a g e - 


Peak, the upper point. 
Pique, ill witt. 


Mi nor, one not of legal 


Moan, to lament. 


Peel, of an orange. 


Mown, cut down. 


Peal, sound of bells, fyc. 


Mote, a grain of dust. 


Peer, an equal. 


Moat, a ditch. 


Pier, post of a bridge. 


Naught, bad. 


Pe' ter, a man's name. 


Nought, nothing. 


Pe tre, nitre. 


Nay, no. 


Place, situation. 


Neigh, noise of a horse. 


Plaice, a flat fish. 


Nun, a religious woman. 


Plane, a tool. 


None, no one. [i n g- 


Plain, even, or level. 


Ore, metal before smelt' 


Plate, a dish, or- silver: 


Oar, a paddle. 


Plait, a fold in cloth. 


O'er, over. 


Pleas, pleadings. 


Ot ter, an animal. 


Please, to give pleasure. 


Ot tar, oil of roses. 


Plum, a fruit. 


Owe, to be indebted. 


Plum6, a levelling in- 


Oh ! a cry of pain. 


strument. 


Won, he won the prize. 


Pole, a long stick. 


One, a single thing. 


Poll, the head. 


Pale, white. 


Prac' tice, use. 


Pail, a wooden vessel. 


Prac tise, to exercise. 



195 



Pray, to ask. 


Ring, a circle. 


Prey, to plunder. 


Wring, to twist. 


Pri' er, one who pries. 


Rode, he rode fast. 


Pri or, former. 


Road, a street. 


Prof 7 it, gain. 


Rowed, he rowed a boat. 


Proph et, who prophesies. 


Roe, a female deer. 


Queen, king's wife. 


Row, a rank. 


Quean, a worthless ivo- 


Rude, uncivil. [acre. 


Quin' sy, a disease, [man. 


Rood, quarter of an 


Quin cy, name of a town. 


Rote, by memory. 


Rain, drops of water. 


Wrote, he icrote a copy. 


Reign, to govern. 


Rout, confusion. 


Rein, a bridle. 


Route, way or road. 


Raze, or Rase, to pulldown. 


Ruff, a ruffle. 


Rays, beams of light. 


Rough, not smooth. 


Raise, to lift up. 


Rung, the bells rung. 


Rap, to strike. 


Wrung, twisted. 


Wrap, to fold up. 


Rye, sort of grain. 


Rapt, carried aivay. 


Wry, crooked. 


Wrapped, folded up. 


Sale, a selling. 


Red, a color. 


Sail, of a ship. 


Read, he read a book. 


Sa' tyr, a sylvan god. 


Reed, a slender plant. 


Sa tire, keen censure. 


Read, to read a book. 


Skate, to slide on ice. 


Reck, to regard. 


Scate, a fish. 


Wreck, a ruin. 


Skull, bones of the head. 


Reek, to smoke. 


Scull, with an oar. 


Wreak, to inflict. 


Seen, beheld. 


Rest, to lean upon. 


Scene, part of a play. 


Wrest, to force away. 


Seine, a net. 


Rime, white frost. 


See, to view. 


Rhyme, poetry. 


Sea, the salt water. 


Rice, sort of grain. 


Seem, to appear. 


Rise, increase. 


Seam, place where cloth 


Rig 7 ger, one who rigs ships. 


is joined. 


Rig or, severity. 


Sees, he sees me. 


Rite, a ceremony. 


Seas, large bodies of water. 


Write, to make letters. 


Seize, to lay hold of. 


Right, not wrong. 


Se' nior, one older. 


Wright, a workman. 


| Seign ior, a lord. 



196 



So, I said so. 
Sow, to scatter seed. 
Sew, with a needle. 

Sheer, clear, thin. 

Shear, to cut off. 

Shire, a county. 
Sine, term of geometry. 
Sign, a mark. 

Slay, to kill. 

Sley , to untwist a thread. 

Sleigh, a sledge. 
Slight, to neglect. 
Sleight, dexterity, [thorn. 

Sloe, fruit of the black 

Slow, not fast. 
Sore, a hurt. 
Soar, to go up. 

Soared, went up. 

Sword, a weapon. 
Sole, bottom of the foot. 
Soul, the spirit. 

Sum, the whole amount. 

Some, apart. 
Sun, the source of light. 
Son, a male child. 

Stare, to gaze. 

Stair, a step. 
Stake, a post. 
Steak, a slice of meat. 

Sta tion a ry, fixed. 

Sta tion e ry, stationers' 
ware. 
Steel, hardened iron. 
Steal, to rob. 

Stile, steps in a field. 

Style, manner of vjri- 
Strait, narrow. [ting. 

Straight, direct. 

Suf tie, the clear weight. 

Su&t le, sly, or artful. 



Suck' er, a young twig. 
Sue cor, help. 

Sweet, not sour. 

Suite, followers. 
Sym bol, an emblem. 
Cym bal, for music. 

Tacks, small nails. 

Tax, money paid to gov- 
ernment. 
Tale, a story. 
Tail, end of a thing. 

Tare, allowance in 
weight. 

Tear, to pull into pieces. 
Teem, to abound. 
Team, of horses or oxen. 

Tear, water from the 
eyes. 

Tier, a row or rank. 
Terse, smooth. 
Tierce, a measure. 

The, the thing, the book. 

Thee, I pray thee. 
There, in that place. 
Their, this is their book. 

Threw, he threw stones. 

Through, to bore 
through. 
Throw, to toss. 
Throe, a pang. 

Tire, to weary. 

Tyre, a city. 
Throne, seat for kings. 
Thrown, cast, or tossed. 

Time, duration. 

Thyme, an herb. 
Tide, rising of the sea. 
Tied, bound. 

Tin ny, like tin. 

Tin y, diminutive. 



197 



Too, besides. 


Wane, to groiv less. 




To, towards. 


Wain, a wagon. 




Two, twice one. 


Waste, to consume. 




Toe, of the foot. 


Waist, middle of the 




Tow, to drag with a 


body. 




rope. 


Wait, to stay. 




Tole, to draw gently, 


Weight, heaviness. 




Toll, a tax. 


Ware, merchandise. 




Vale, a valley. 


Wear, to have on. 




Vail, or Veil, to cover. 


Wave, a billow. 




Vane, a weathercock. 


Waive, to set aside. 




Vain, useless. 


Way, a road. 




Vein, passage for the blood. 


Weigh, to balance. 




Vi' al, a bottle, [ment. 


Week, seven days. 




Vi ol, a musical instru- 


Weak) feeble. 




Vice, wickedness. 


W'eek' ly, once a week. 




Vise, a?i instrument. 


Weak ly, feebly. 




Wade, to walk in the 


Wood, to burn. 




water. 


W T ould, he would go. 




Weighed, balanced. 


Ye, you. 




Wheel, of a coach. 


Yea, yes. 




Wheal, a swelling. 


You, yourselves. 




Wale, a rising stripe. 


Yew, a kind of tree. 




Wail, to deplore* 








Clas 


S 87. 




Words wrongly used for 


each other, though different 




in Spelling, Meaning 


, and Pronunciation. 




Ae cept', to take. 


Ap po site,^. 




Ex cept, not to take. 


Op po site, on the other 




Ad di' tion, increase. 


side. 




E di lion, number of 


Ap prize, to give notice. 




books printed at one 


Ap praise, to estimate. 




time. 


Ar rant, wicked. 




Air, atmosphere. 


Er rand, a message. 




Are, plural of Be. 


Er rant, wandering. 




Ant, a small insect. 


Acts, actions. 




Aunt, an uncle's wife. 


Axe, a tool. 





17* 



198 



Ay, (a as in far,) yes. 


Ge nius, mental power. 


Aye, (a as in fate,) always. 


Ge nus, ZttVic/, sortf. 


Ba con, smoked pork. 


Hoofj/oo? of cattle. 


Bea con, a signal. 


Huff, to bluster. 


Bile, a sore. 


In ge nious, inventive. 


Boil, to bubble. 


In gen u ous, candid. 


Bore, a hole bored. 


Just, exactly. 


Boor, a clown. 


Jest, a joke. 


Bran, chaff. 


Loose, to wnrte. 


Brand, burning wood. 


Lose, to suffer loss. 


Beard, hair on the chin. 


Lest, unless. 


Bared, made bare. 


Least, smallest. 


Buret, to break. 


Lay, to place. 

Lie, to 6e prostrated. 


Bust, head and shoulders. 


Cel e ry, a plant. 


Loin, smaZ/ o/"fAe cWAr. 


Sal a ry, regular pay. 


Line, a a>rd. 


Coun cil, an assembly. 


Lie o rice, a sweef roof. 


Coun sel, advice. 


Lick er ish, dainty. 


Cou ri er, (ow as oo,) a 


Marsh, wet land. 


messenger. 


Mash, to bruise. 


I Cur ri er, a leather- 


Med al, a sort of coin. 


dresser. 


Med die, to interfere. 


Chair, a seat. 


Met al, gold, tin, &fc. 


Cheer, entertainment. 


Met tie, spirit, courage. 


Des' ert, a wilderness. 


Mile, a measure. 


Des sert', fruit after 


Mild, gentle. 


dinner. 


Morse, an animal. 


E merge, to rise out of. 


Moss, a vegetable. 


Im merge, to sink under. 


Of, (ov,) concerning. 


Em i nent, distinguished. 


Off, away from. 


Im mi nent, threaten- 


Oil, liquid fat. 


ing. 


He, em island. 


Ex pect, to id ait for. 


Pil lar, a column. 


Sus pect, to mistrust. 


Pil low, a/* a cW. 


Flay, to sfcm. 


Pint, /bwr g-i'/fe. 


; Flee, to run away. 


Point, a sharp end. 


Far, distant. 


Prec' e dent, an example. 


Fur, Aair q/* animals. 


Pres i dent, a chief officer. 


Goal, a boundary. 


Prin ci pal, chief. 


Gaol, (jail,) a prison. 


Prin ci pie, an element. 



i 



199 



Proph e cy, a prediction. 
Proph e sy, to predict. 

Rad ish, a root. 

Red dish, inclining to 
red. 
Set, to place. 
Sit, to be seated. 

Stat ue, an image. 

Stat ute, a law. 
Share, a part. 
Sheer, thin or clear. 

Since, from that time. 

Sense, meaning. 



Spire, a blade of grass. 
Spear, a lance. 

Shown, exposed. 

Shone, shined. 
Val ue, worth. 
Val ley, a hollow. 

Whet, to sharpen.* 

Wet, to moisten. 
Wick, of a candle. 
Week, seven days. 

Wreck, shattered vessel. 

Rack, instrument of tor- 
ture. 



APPENDIX 



The matters contained in this Appendix do not properly belong 
to a Spelling Book ; but until they are to be found elsewhere, | 
they must be continued here, though out of place. 



PUNCTUATION. 



In teaching the stops and marks used in writing and printing, the author 
has found it useful to make the stop so large that the whole class can 
see it, and then, pointing to it, to ask the following questions : — 



( , ) What is this stop called ? 

A Comma. 

How long must you pause or stop at a comma f 

Long enough to count one. 

Hoio must your voice be at a comma ? 

The Voice must be kept up at a comma. 

( ; ) What is this stop called ? 

A Semicolon. 

Hoio long must you pause at a semicolon 9 
A. Long enough to count one, two. 
Q. Hoio should the voice he at a semicolon ? 
A. At a semicolon the voice must be kept up. 
Q. ( : ) What is this stop called ? 
A. A Colon. 

* See remarks at Class 50, page 79. 



200 



Q. How long must you pause at a colon ? 

A. Long enough to count one, two, three. 

Q. Ho id must the voice be at a colon f 

A. At a colon the voice is kept up. 

Q. ( . ) What is this stop called ? 

A. A Period. 

Q. How long must you pause at a period ? 

A. Long enough to count one, two, three, four. 

Q. How should the voice he at a period ? 

A. At a period the voice must always fall. 

Q. Has this mark any other use ? 

A. It sometimes is merely a sign of abbreviation, and then 
should be called a dot* 

Q. (1) What stop is this? 

A. A Question, and shows that a question is asked. 

Q. How long must you pause at a question ? 

A. Long enough to count one, two, three. 

Q. How should the voice he after a question ? 

A. If a question can be answered by yes or no, the voice 
must be raised; but if not, the voice must be lowered, as at 
a period. 

Q. (I) What stop is this? 

A. A mark of Admiration. 

Q. What is the use of the mark of admiration ? 

A. The mark of admiration expresses wonder or surprise. 

Q. How long must you pause at an admiration ? 

A. Long enough to count one, two, three.. 

Q. How should the voice be at an admiration ? 

A. At an admiration the voice usually falls. 

Q. ( ) What are these marks called ? 

A. A Parenthesis. 

Q. What is the use of a parenthesis ? 

A. A parenthesis includes one sentence within another, to 
explain it. 

Q. How should words enclosed in a parenthesis be read ? 

A. Words enclosed in a parenthesis must be read lower and 
quicker than the words not enclosed. 

Q. [ ] What are these marks called ? 

A. Brackets ; brackets are used for the same purpose as the 
parenthesis. 

Q. ( ' ) What is this mark at the top. of letters called ? 

A. An Apostrophe. 

Q. What is the use of the apostrophe ? 

A. An apostrophe shows that one letter or more is left out ; 
as, e'er, for ever ; — or it shows that the word is in the possessive 
case ; as, Johns book. 

Q. ( a ) What is this mark called ? 

A. A Caret. 

Q. What is the use of the caret ? 

A. A caret shows that something has been left out by acci- 
dent-, as, Jon, for John. 

A 



The list of Abbreviations will explain this remark. 



201 



Q. ( — ) What is this long mark called ? 

A. A Dash. 

Q. What is the use of the dash ? 

A. Sometimes the dash is used instead of the comma, semico- 
lon, colon, and period ; sometimes it is used with those stops, and 
lengthens the pause at them; and sometimes the dash marks an 
unfinished sentence. 

Q. ( - ) What is this shorter mark called ? 

A. A Hyphen. 

Q. What is the use of the hyphen ? 

A. A hyphen joins words or syllables together; as, man- 
servant, pa-per. 

Q. ( " " ) What are these marks called? 

A. Quotations. 

Q. What is the use of quotations ? 

A. Quotations show that the words between them are not the 
writer's own words. 

Q. ( •• ) What is this mark called ? 

A. A Diaeresis. 

Q. Of what use is the diaresis ? 

A. It separates two vowels into different syllables ; thus, atfrioZ 
and Nervii are pronounced a-e-ri-al and Ner-vi-i. 

Q. ( ' ) What is this mark called ? 

A. The Acute Accent, and is chiefly used to mark the ac- 
cented syllable of a word. 

Q. ( \ ) What is this mark called ? 

A. The Grave Accent ; it is now seldom used in English. 

Q. (") What is this mark called? 

A. The Long Accent, and is placed over a long vowel; thus, 
robe. 

Q. ( w ) What is this mark called ? 

A. The Short Accent, and is placed over a short vowel; 
thus, rob. 

Q ( O" ) What is this mark called ? 

A. An Index, and directs the reader to something to be par- 
ticularly noticed. 

Q. > What is this mark called ? 

A. A Brace, which connects two or more words or lines. 

Q. ( § ) What is this mark called ? 

A. A Section, which divides a book or chapter into smaller 
parts. 

Q. f IT ) What is this mark called? 

A. A Paragraph, which shows that a new subject is begun. 

Q. ( * ) What is this mark called ? 

A. An Asterisk. 

Q. ( t % || ) What are these marks ? 

A. References. 

Q. What is the use of the asterisk and references ? 

A. The asterisk and references direct the reader to some ex- 
planation at the side or bottom of the page. 

Q. When a great many references are wanted, what are used ? 

A. Figures or small letters. 



202 



ABBREVIATIONS. 


Q. Illicit is an abbreviation ? '> 


A. A shortening ; the first letter or part of a word being put 


for the whole of it. 


Note. — Children sometimes ask why P. M., for instance, stand for After- 


noon, and A. M. for Forenoon. The intruder should tell them that many of 


the ahbreviations are the first letters of Latin words, which mean the same a> 


the English here given. Thus P. M. stand for Post Meridiem, which is 


the Latin for Afternoon, and A. M. stand for Ante Meridiem, which is the 


Latin for Before Noon, or Forenoon. 


LATIN ABBREVIATIONS, &o. ; 


A. B. Bachelor of Arts. 


P. M. Afternoon. : 


A. D. In the Year of our Lord. 


N. B. Take Notice. 


A. M. Before Noon, or In the 


No. Number. 


Forenoon. 


i. e. That is. 


A. M. In the Year of the 


P. S. Postscript. 


World. 


Per Cent. By the Hundred. 


A. M. Master of Arts. 


Viz. Namely, or As follows. 


A. A. S. Fellow or Member 


Vi-de, See. 


of the American Academy. 


Vi-ce, In the room of. 


D. D. Doctor of Divinity. 


Vi-a, By the way of. 


S. T. D. Doctor of Divinity. 


&c. And the rest, or And so 


LL. D. Doctor of Laws. 


forth. 


; L. S. The Place of the Seal. 


MS. Manuscript. 


M. B. Bachelor of Physic or 


MSS. Manuscripts. 


Medicine. 


Inst. Present (Month.) 


M. D. Doctor of Physic or 


Ult. Last (Month.) 


Medicine. 


Prox. Next (Month.) 


ENGLISH ABBREVIATIONS, &c. 


Capt. Captain. 


S. J. C. Supreme Judicial 


Col. Colonel. 


Court. 


Lieut. Lieutenant. 


C. C. P. Court of Common 


Chap. Chapter. 


Pleas. , 


Co. Company. 


St. Saint. 


Cr. Credit. 


U. S. A. United States of 


Dr. Doctor, or Debtor. 


America. - 


Do. or Ditto, (Italian.) The 


Me. Maine. 


same. 


N. H. New Hampshire. 


Hon. Honorable. 


Vt. Vermont. 


Rev. Reverend. 


Mass. Massachusetts. 


Mr. Mister. 


R. I. Rhode Island. 


Mrs. Mistress, or Missis. 


Con. Connecticut. 


Messrs. (French.) Gentlemen, 


N. Y. New York. 


or Sirs. 


N. J. New Jersey. 


Esq. Esquire. 


Pa. Pennsylvania. 
Md. Maryland. 


N. S. New Style. 


O. S. Old Style. 


Va. Virginia. 


Q. Question. 


Del. Delaware. 


A. Answer. 


N. C. North Carolina. 



203 



S. C. South Carolina. 


II. Illinois. 


Geo. Georgia. 


Ind. Indiana. 


Miss. Mississippi. 


D. C. District of Columbia. 


Mo. Missouri. 


N. O. New Orleans. 


Ala. Alabama. 


Phila. Philadelphia. 


Ken. Kentucky. 


N. E. New England. 


Ten. Tennessee. 


W. I. West Indies. 


Names of Books in the Bible. 


Gen. Genesis. 


Rom. Romans. 


Ex. Exodus. 


Cor. Corinthians. 


Lev. Leviticus. 


Gal. Galatians. 


Num. Numbers. 


Eph. Ephesians. 


Deut. Deuteronomy. 


Thes. Thessalonians. 


Chron. Chronicles. 


Tim. Timothy. 


Eccles. Ecclesiastes. 


Heb. Hebrews. 


Prov. Proverbs. 


Rev. Revelation. 


Mat. Matthew. 




Names of Months. 


Jan. January. 


Apr. April. i Oct. October. 


Feb. February. 


Aug. August. Nov. November. 


Mar. March. 


Sept. September. | Dec. December. 


Names of Men. 


Jno. John. 


Jos. Joseph. 


Chas. Charles. 


Jona. Jonathan. 


Jas. James. 


Geo. George. 


Wm. William. 






NUMERICAL LETTERS. 


Q. Who first used the letters we use for numbers f 


A. The Romans. 


Q. Who first used the figures we use ? 


A. The Arabians. 


Q. How many letters are used for numbers f 


A. Only seven : I, V, X, L, C, D, M. 


One I 1 


Five V 5 


Eight VIII 8 


Two II 2 


Six VI 6 


Nine IX 9 


Three III 3 


Seven VII 7 j 


Ten X 10 


Four IV 4 




What letters stand for 2, 5, 4, 6, 3, 8, 7, 9, 4, 6, 2, 7, 1, 8, 


6, 5, 4, 9? 


Eleven XI 11 


Sixteen XVI 16 


Twelve XII 12 


Seventeen XVII 17 


Thirteen XIII 13 


Eighteen XVIII 18 


Fourteen XIV 14 


Nineteen XIX 19 


Fifteen XV 15 


Twenty XX 20 



204 



Q. What letters stand for 14, 16, 15, 10, 19, 11, 17, 12, 14. 
13, 18, 15, 17, 16? 

To express any number between 10 and 100, take what letters 
stand for either of the tens, and add to them the letters which 
stand for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; thus, 



I. II. III. IV. V. 
12 3 4 5 
VI. VII. VIII. IX. 

6 7 8 9 



Q. What letters stand for 19, 21, 29, 31, 39, 41, 49, 51, 59, 
61, 69, 71, 79, 81, 89, 91, 99, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 
86, 75, 64, 53, 42, 31, 27 ? 

To express any number between the hundreds, take the tens, 
and the letters of the nine figures, as before mentioned. 



Ten 


X 


10 1 


Twenty 


XX 


20 


Thirty 


XXX 


30 


Forty 


XL 


40 


Fifty 


L 


50 


Sixty 


LX 


60 


Seventy 


LXX 


70 


Eighty 


LXXX 


80 


Ninety 


XC 


90 J 



One Hundred 
Two Hundred 
Three Hundred 
Four Hundred 
Five Hundred 
Six Hundred 
Seven Hundred 
Eight Hundred 
Nine Hundred 



C 

cc 
ccc 
cccc 

D 

DC 

DCC 

DCCC 

DCCCC 



100 
200 
300 
400 
500 
600 
700 
800 
900 



X 

XX 
XXX 

XL 
L 

LX 

LXX 

LXXX 

XC 



Q. What letters stand for 101, 212, 323, 434, 545, 656, 767, 
878, 989, 928, 837, 746, 655, 564, 473, 382, 291, 111? 



One thousand 



M 



1,000 



The following table will give the learner another view of the 
whole : — 

Thou- Hundreds. Tens. Units, 

sands. ) C 

CC 
CCC 

cccc 

M D ' 

1000 DC 

DCC 
DCCC 
DCCCC 

1842 

M DCCC XL II 

1000 800 40 2 

One thousand eight hundred forty two. 

Q. What letters stand for 1009, 1028, 1037, 1041, 1054, 1063. 
1072, 1089, 1096, 1111, 1227, 1334, 1449, 1558, 1663, 1775, 
1889, 1994, 1829, 1842 ? 



100 


X 


10 


I 


1 


200 


XX 


20 


II 


2 


300 


XXX 


30 


III 


3 


400 


XL 


40 


IV 


4 


500 


L 


50 


V 


5 


600 


LX 


60 


VI 


6 


700 


LXX 


70 


VII 


7 


800 


LXXX 


80 


VIII 


8 


900 


XC 


90 


IX 


9 



LIBRARY 




1 



I]