HISTORIC QUEBEC. 
 
 Published by the 
 
 CHATEAU FRONTENAC CO. 
 
 1864. 
 
\ . 
 
^ f?14|» 
 
 HISTORIC 
 
 QUEBEC. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE . . . 
 
 CHATEAU FRONTENAC CO. 
 
 18Q4. 
 
 ^■■.■■r-*-''",' 
 

HISTORIC QUEBEC. 
 
 ')HERP'. is not a spot in all America richer in historic treasure, or more lavishly endowed by 
 
 § Nature in the beauty, grandeur and splendor of its surroundings, than the quaint old walled city of 
 Quebec, (iuarding the portal of the great inland waters of the continent, it has not inaptly been 
 termed the 
 "Sentinel City 
 of the St. Law- 
 rence," while its 
 i^rini citadel and 
 strong fortifica- 
 tions have earn- 
 td for it the 
 title of the 
 "Gibraltar of 
 America." It is 
 of Quebec that 
 
 Henry Ward Beecher said : " Here is a small bit of 
 mediaeval Europe perched upon a rock, and dried for 
 keeping — a curiosity that has not its equal in its kind on '-a^^^^i^'rii. 
 this side of the ocean." 
 
It is the purpose of this brochure to furnish in a concise form such information concerning this 
 ancient city, its approaches, surroundings, and accommodr.tion for tourists as may assist that numerous and 
 yearly increasing brotlierhood, or such of them as may desire to visit the St. Lawrence, in forming their 
 plans to ensure the maximum of recreation with the minimum of trouble. 
 
 The city of Quebec is such a convenient resting i)lace between Montreal ana the several points of 
 interest on the Lower St. Lawrence, and is of itself so interesting and so unlike other cities of the continent 
 that very few making the tour of the St. Lawrence jiass its memorable walls without s])end- 
 ing a few days witiiin them. They desiie to see where Cartier, the Columbus of the North, 
 first landed, where Champlain founded the first French colony, where Wolfe fell and Montcalm 
 received his death wound, and where Montgomery, the American general, who was killed while 
 besieging the city on 31st December, 1775, breathed his last within the English lines. The 
 streets of Quebec are redolent of religious and military history of early Canada and every 
 spot now dismissed in a sentence was the centre of events 
 which in their day seemed to the actors of them to be 
 fraught with far reaching consequences, as indeed many 
 of them were. It is three hundred and fifty-eight years 
 since Jacques Cartier anchored off what was then the 
 Indian village of Stadacona, and of course claimed the 
 rest of it all, whatever it might prove to be, for the 
 King of France. He made no permanent settlement 
 here, but in 1549 the Sieur de Roberval spent one winter 
 with a small colony he had brought out and then retired. 
 In 1608 Champlain arrived and succeeded in establishing 
 
 ST. LOUIS GATE 
 
 A 
 
the French possession of the country and commenced to provide material for' history. His romantic 
 reign as practical King of the St. Lawrence, and the eventful times of his French successors have 
 been ho frequently and so well described by Park'iian, Kingsford, Stewart, Le Moine, IJoiirinot and 
 Harper, that it is not necessary to say mure of them hero. The final struggle for Canada between the 
 French and the English which closed on the heights of Abraham, a little beyond the St. Louis gate 
 of Quebec, where Wolfe fell and Montcalm was fatally wounded, saw the end of France in the northern 
 half of the continent, and commenced the regime which was inevitably destined to result in the self 
 governing liberty which Canada now enjoys. 
 
 j/!f^M 
 
 ■v^^^ 
 
How TO Get Therk. 
 
 OLD STAIRWAY 
 
 From Wolfe's Cove to the Plains 
 of Abraham. 
 
 IBKC is easily reached from all directions. From Montreal, which may be regarded 
 
 as the starling point for the T.ower St. Lawrence, there is a choice of routes by 
 
 rail and river. By the Cunadian Pacific railway, it is about five hours' run along 
 
 the north bank of the river, through tlie old French settlements that in many 
 
 places are almost as primitive as in the days of Champlain and Frontenac. The 
 
 railway runs directly under the walls of, and yet into the city. The Grand 
 
 Trunk, on the other side, runs to Levis, immediately opposite Quebec, the river 
 
 being crossed by hteam ferry. During the season of navigation the steamers 
 
 '1^ "W r. '^^ ^^^^ Richelieu and Ontario Co. ply between Montreal and Quebec. 
 
 .^*'')\oA vV _ I affording a delightful sail on the St. Lawrence. Tourists 
 
 J from the New England States who do not wish to visit 
 
 ^fk Montreal, can reach the Ancient Capital by way of Sher- 
 
 .,,-}Ll brooke, thence via the Quebec Central or Grand Trunk 
 
 railways to Levis, where ferries run regularly to Quebec. 
 
 The Intercolonial railway, running through the Maritime 
 
 Provinces from Halifax, lands the tourist at Levis ; and 
 
 in summer numerous steamships from European and Lower 
 
 St. Lawrence ports all make Quebec a stopping point. 
 
/ 
 
 In and Around Qubbec. 
 
 WHERE TO STOP. 
 
 ^HE Cliatcaii I'rontciuic, a inagniticent new liotel, crecwd by a miml)tr of capitalists of Montreal, 
 
 IftUfffiiV lias just been opened. It stands at th" eastern end of a splendid esplanade known as the Diifferin 
 
 Terrace, commanding deliglitfiil views of the St. Lawrence as far as the eye can reach, down i)ast 
 
 the Isle d'Orieans, across to Levis and beyond, up stream to Sillery, and, to the left, the country 
 
 along the beautiful valley of the St. Charles River. The grandeur of the scenery is indescribable ; it is 
 
 matchless in diversity and charming in effect. No grander site for such a structure could be found on the 
 
 _^^ continent, and it would 
 
 Tii-^^^^"* -_ ii rtin\-i Ti^ not be easy to combine 
 
 the [advantages it pos- 
 sesses in any place the 
 world Dvcr. This ele- 
 gant hotel is erected on 
 an historic spot of more 
 than ordinary interest — 
 the site of the old Cha- 
 teau St. Louis, once 
 the vice-regal residence 
 of the Governors "* of 
 
 GRAND 
 
Canada, both before and after the conquest — and it hajipily harmonizes with its romantic surroundings. 
 It is modelled after the style of the French chateaux nf the Sixteenth century, modified to meet present 
 day requirements, and yet retaining all that picturesque uni(|ueness which characterized the castellated 
 dwellings of Old France three centuries ago. The Chateau is built of Scotch fire brick and a dark 
 grey stone, the pinnacled roofs being sheathed witli copper. This imposing structure is seven stories 
 high, covers an area of 55,000 s(]uare feet, and cost over three-quarters of a million of dollars. While 
 the exterior presents a graceful and commanding ajjpearance, the interior is equally striking and impos- 
 ing. The furnishings are rich, rare, palatial. The decorations are elaborate, chaste and beautiful, 
 and throughout there is an air of refinement and elegance. Nearly all the public rooms are finished 
 in anti([ue oak, the grand drawing room and ladies' parlor being in white enamel. There are 175 
 spacious bedrooms, single and in suites of two to eight rooms, as may be desired, and nearly all are 
 furnished with bath rooms. In every way the appointments are most complete. From every window 
 an uninterrupted view of the magnificent surroundings can be had. In a word, the Chateau Frontenac is 
 worthy of the site it occupies, and together they stand unrivalled on this continent and probably in Europe. 
 
DUFFERIN TERRACE. 
 
 ^HE pride and the glory of Quebec is Dufforin Terrace, an unrivalled promena<ie and public 
 rendezvous. From it, or better, from any of the windows of the Chateau Frontenac which stands 
 at its eastern limit, and at the base of the Citadel, a view unsurj)assed for beauty and grandeur, 
 bursts upon the beholder. The broad promenade is fully a cpiarter of a mile long, and erected on 
 it are five handsome kiosks, to which the names of Plessis, Frontenac, Lome and Louise, Dufferin, and 
 Victoria have been given, besides another for the use of hands of music which at times are those belonging 
 to British and F'rench men-of war visiting the port. Elevated 200 feet above the St. Lawrence, which 
 here contracts its high banks until but a mile separates them, it is a point of vantage from which to drink 
 in the feast of scenic splendor which is spread out before one. There is the mighty river — described by 
 Howells as the " Little Giant " — on whose bosom float craft of every description from the huge ocean 
 greyhound to the iirimitive canoe of the Indian ; across the water is Levis on whose crowning cliffs, rising 
 higher even than those of Quebec, are three immense forts erected by the British Government at a cost 
 approaching $1,000,000; down the stream is the beautiful Isle d'Orleans — the Isle of Bacchus of Jac(jues 
 Cartier, and the legendary abode of the evil spirits of the once jjowerful red man. Further away is Cape 
 Tourmente, and along the shores are the quaint villages of the habitants, and the narrow-stripped farms 
 which excite the surprise and curiosity of the traveller. To the left the bi. Charles gracefully sweeps and 
 blends its waters with the greater stream. Forest and river and mountain and cultivated broad acres 
 combine to make gorgeous landscape, and in the rear tower the Laurentian Hills, whose purpled crests 
 lose themselves in the fleecy clouds. At one's feet is the bustling Lower Town and the ships in port, and 
 above is the frowning Citadel whose hoary walls have environed Quebec with a L;lamour of romance 
 and renown. 
 
MARTELLO TOWERS, PLAINS OF ABRAHAM. 
 
THE CITADEL. 
 
 IHE Citadel occupies the most commanding 
 position in Quebec, over-looking the St. I-a\v- 
 rencc and the country round, and having a 
 clear range for its guns in every direction. 
 It stands 330 feet above the river, and at one time was 
 a formidable position of defence, so much so that 
 ()iicbec, as stated, has sometimes been called the 
 Gibraltar of America. Though still a fortress, its pre- 
 sent chief u.se is as a barrack, and in it are kept 
 immense military stores and arms for 20,000 men. 
 'J'lic Citadel is about ten minutes walk from the Cha- 
 teau Frontenac. 
 
 THE GOVERNORS GARDEN. 
 
 •y^ ^jHE Governor's Garden is a public park a little in 
 ;//^\ rear of the Dufferin Terrace, and close to the 
 '^i&^^ Chateau Frontenac. In it is a dual-faced stone 
 column to Wolfe and Montcalm, erected in 1827 
 and 1828 in joint honour of the illustrious generals, to 
 whom, in the words of the inscription, " Valour gave a 
 conunon death, history a common fame, and posterity 
 a common monument." 
 
 HOPE HILL. 
 
PLAINS OF ABRAHAM. 
 
 ^p^HE Plains of Abraham, of which miMi- 
 (((^^^ tion has been made, is one of the chief 
 ^^^ points of interest. Here was the 
 battlefield where Wolfe fell and Mont- 
 calm fought his last fight. The plain is the 
 table land on the crest of the heights ou tiie 
 north bank of the St. Lawrence river, which 
 were thought to be too precipitous for an 
 enemy to climb. The heights were, however, 
 quietly and successfully scaled, and the battle 
 fought on their edge which decided the fate of 
 Canada. A monument now stands to mark 
 
 the spot where Wolfe fell, and bears the in- 
 scription : "Mere died Wolfe victorious." 
 The field of the battle is a short and pleasant 
 walk from the hotel, a little beyond the St. 
 Louis gate, on the road to Spencer's Wood, 
 the official residence ot the Lieut. Governor 
 of the Province of Quebec, and in old days 
 the home of the Governors-General of Canada. 
 A short distance off, on the escarpment over- 
 hanging the St. Lawrence, is the path by 
 which the British troops scaled the cliffs on 
 the niglit before the baltle, and at the foot of 
 the rocks is Wolfe's Cove. 
 
 J'-k 
 
 llS^^i! 
 
THE URSILINE CONVENT. 
 
 5HE Ursiline Convent is indirectly connected with this important battle on the Plains of Abraham, 
 
 /^^ by reason of its containing the remains of Montcalm, wliose body is buried in the Convent while his 
 
 ^^ skull is kept in the chaplain's parlor. This, the oldest convent in Quebec, was founded in 1639. It 
 
 is open to visitors who may there see some fine works of art, including paintings by Vandyke and 
 
 Champagny, the property of the Sisters of the Convent. 
 
 THE HOTEL DTEU. 
 
 ^HE Hotel Dieu, a convent and a hospital, founded by a niece of Cardinal Richelieu, contains 
 some fine pictures. In the Chapel of the Convent is the skull of Jean de Brebeuf, the great Jesuit 
 Missionary of whose doings Parkman and Charlevoix have given a most interesting and trustworthy 
 account. The establishment is open to visitors on application to tiie Lady Superior. 
 
 THE FALLS OF MONTMORENCL 
 
 ^HESE are situated about nine miles below Quebec. The drive to them — a favorite trip with all 
 visitors — is through an almost continuous succession of P'rench Canadian farms and cottages. On 
 the road is Beauport, a place bombarded by Wolfe, and now containmg one of the principal 
 Canadian hospitals for the insane. The Falls of Montmorenci are 100 feet higher than those of 
 
 Niagara, and in winter a large cone of ice usually forms at the foot. The tourist may go to Montmorenci 
 
 by the Quebec, Montmorenci & Charlevoix Railway. 
 
THE LAVAL UNIVERSITY. 
 
 l^^HE Laval University is the chief French 
 University, and the oldest in Canada. 
 Laval grew out of the Seminary of Quebec, 
 founded in 1663, which was liberally en- 
 dowed by the first Bishops of the See, and it has a 
 museum, library and many art treasures in its 
 keeping. 
 
 There are many other buildings in Quebec inter- 
 esting to a visitor who is or who desires to place his 
 mind en rapport with the early history of Canada, 
 and there are modern edifices, such as the Legis- 
 lative buildings. Custom House, Cathedral Hall, 
 Y.M.C.A. building, etc., and modern public works 
 like the immense tidal basins which can hardly fail 
 to attract attention. Sauntering about the city an 
 American tourist will constantly meet with curious 
 and unaccustomed architectural sights. The "Break 
 Neck Steps " although demolished and replaced by 
 a modern structure, will yet strike him as well de- 
 serving their name, and in that portion of the city 
 called " Sous le Cap," he will see a great contrast 
 to corresponding portions of any American city he 
 is acquainted with. 
 
 '4 
 
 BREAK NECK STAIRS. 
 
LA BONNE STE. ANNE. 
 
 (i^^WENTY miles from Quebec, and reached by the Quebec, Montmorenci and Charlevois railway, or 
 ili^^ by steamer in summer, is the shrine of Ste. Anne de Beaupre, which for 250 years has been the 
 ^^^ Mecca of devout pilgrims seeking restoration of health. Wonderful miracles, it is claimed, have 
 been wrought here ; and huge tiers of crutches and canes, and trusses and splints, left by former 
 owners as mute testimony of the efficacy of the saint's intervention on their behalf, are objects of interest 
 and curiosity even to the unbelieving. A handsome church, raised by Pope Pius IX. to the diginity of a 
 basilica, has been erected, and within its sacred walls one of the finger joint bones of Ste. Anne, the 
 mother of the Virgin Mary, is still shovvn and venerated. 
 
 / • LORETTE. 
 
 kORRTTE is another place to which visitors are fond of driving. It is an Indian village on the 
 St. Charles river, about ten miles from Quebec, and there are some beautiful Falls in the 
 immediate neighbourhood. A great part of the Indian curiosities, beadwork, mocassins, snow- 
 shoes, &c., comes from Lorette. 
 In every direction around Quebec the country affords charming drives, and at the French Canadian 
 villages whicli occur with more or less frequency, a st\anger will be able to compare the peculiarities of life 
 amongst a people who more than any other in America have preserved the traditions of their ancestors, 
 with the essentially modern customs and lines of thought which characterize the rural settlements of other 
 parts of the continent. 
 
ACROSS THE RIVER. 
 
 lpT7''R0M Levis a magnificent view of Quebec 
 m\ and its surroundings can be obtained. 
 The military forts, on the heights above, 
 already referred to, are worth visiting 
 and so is the Engineer's camp at St. Joseph de 
 Levis, from which the falls of Montmorenci can 
 be seen. Near by is the Government graving 
 dock, a massive piece of masonry. , 
 
 i6 
 
 CALBCHE DRIVING. 
 
THE LAKE ST. JOHN RAILWAY. 
 
 ONE hundred and ninety miles from Quebec, via the Quebec & Lake St. John Railway, through a 
 country whose wild grandeur has earned for it the title of " The Canadian Adirondacks," is the 
 great inland sea — Lake St. John. It is a favorite resort for health and jjleasure seekers, Roberval, 
 on the lake, having magnificent hotels. The fishing is excellent. Tourists in summer, are oTered 
 an enjoyable round trip from Quebec to Lake St. John, and thence to Chicoutimi by rail, and down the 
 famed Saguenay, whose scenery is awe inspiring, and back to Quebec by steamer. 
 
 DOWN THE GULF. 
 
 ,^j? PLEASANT trip down the river and Gulf of St. 
 I III Lawrence is afforded the visitor to Quebec. Passing 
 ^Wl\ Cape Tourmente and Grosse Isle, the quarantine sta- 
 tion for Quebec, many islands of remarkable scenic 
 beauty dot the liver. Murray Bay, Riviere du Loup, Cacouna 
 and Tadousac, at tiie mouth of the Saguenay, are fashionable 
 watering resorts, with good hotel accommodation and excel- 
 lent bathing facilities. The trip can be extended down the 
 Gulf to Prince Edward Island and to St. John's, Newfound- 
 land, Halifax, N. S., and to New York, Boston and other American ports. 
 
 17 
 
CITY OF MONTREAL. 
 
MONTREAL 
 
 THE COMMERCIAL ^s^ ETRO PO LI S. 
 
 IfkM ONTREAL is second only to Quebec in historic interest. It is the head of ocean navigation 
 I \\\ and yet far inland, and is the railway centre of the Dominion. Montreal has many attractive 
 J iM places which cannot fail to interest and delight sight-seers. It is pre-eminently a city of churches, 
 ^ and such magnificent edifices as the Cathedral of Notre Dame, St. Peter's, (modelled after St. 
 
 Peter's at Rome,) the Jesuit Church and College, Bonsecours Church.'erected in 1 771, the English Cathedral 
 St. James (Methodist,) and St. Paul's and St. Andrews' (Presbyterian,) are worth seeing. Mount Royal, 
 from which the city takes its name, affords a pleasant drive, and other points of interest are the Victoria 
 Bridge, spanning the St. Lawrence, McGill University, Windsor Station and offices of the Canadian Pacific 
 Railway Co., Nelson Monument, Champ de Mars, (the military parade ground of early days). Dominion 
 Square, with Windsor Hotel, etc. A run down the Lachine Rapids and a visit to St. Helen's Island or any 
 of the numerous city parks and public buildings are worth making. 
 
 •o 
 
,» 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 THE CAPITA!. OK CANADA. 
 
 fISITORiS to ()uebe(:, via Montreal, can easily reach Ottawa, the capital of the Dominion, by the 
 Canadian Pacific or other railways, or by river, the railway run being about four hours 
 from the commercial metropolis. The site of Ottawa for picturesque grandeur, it has been stated, 
 is only second to that of Quebec. It is located on the Ottawa river, where the Rideau and 
 Gatineau join, and where the waters of the first named hurl themselves over die Chaudiere Falls into the 
 seething cauldron below. Hut it is the national buildings which are the chief pride of Ottawa, and the 
 principal objects of interest to tourists. They stand out boldly on Parliament Hill, over-looking the 
 Ottawa, in all the beauty of seemingly varied architecture. They were erected at a cost of about 
 $5,000,000. The octaganal shaped library in rear of the Houses of Parliament is one ot the most complete 
 in the world and contains 155,000 volumes, some of which are exceedingly rare books. Other objects of 
 interest are Rideau Hall, the homo of the Governor General of Canada, Rideau Canal and Major Hill 
 Park, the city buildings, extensive saw mills, and the timber slides by which the square timber from the 
 Upper Ottawa passes down without damage into the navigable waters below. To go down these slides, as 
 nearly every visitor does, is an exciting and exhilarating experience. Opposite Ottawa is the French city 
 of Hull, and combined they have a population of over 60,000. 
 
 »0 
 
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 CHATEAU FRONTENAC 
 
 DUFFERIN TERRACE, QUEBEC, Can. 
 
 ■ :> » c i 
 
 RATES FROM $3.50 TO $5.00 PER DAY. ROOMS SINGLE OR EN SUITE. 
 
 SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS WITH LARGE PARTIES AND THOSE 
 MAKING PROLONGED VISITS. 
 
 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ADDRESS . 
 
 H. S. DUNNINiS, Manaqer. 
 
s^gm^ -aiiK.