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' Quebec L'dxemplairo film* f ut reproduit grAca k la ginArositi da: Legislature du Quebec Quebec The imagas appearing hara ara tha bast quality possibia considaring tha condition and lagibility of tha ariginal copy and in Icaaping with tha filming contract spaciflcatlons. Original copiaa in printad papar covars ara filmad beginning with tha front covar and ending on the last page with a printad or iiliiatratad imprea- sion, or tha bacic cover when appropriate. All other original copies ara filmad beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impree- sion, and ending on the laat page with a printed or illustrated impression. The iast recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol -~»- (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever appliaa. '.aa imagev suivantea ont 4ti reproduites avac la plua grand «oin, compta tenu de la condition at da la nettet* de i'exemplaira film«, et en conformity avac las conditions du contrat de filmage. 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The following diagrams illustrate the method: Lea cartea, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent fttre fiimAa A dea taux de rMuction diffirents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour Atra reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 eet film* A partir de I'angle supArleur gauche, dii gauche A droite, et de haut en baa, en prenant ie nombre d'images n6cessaire. Lea diagrammes suivants illustrant la m6thoda. 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 CANADA PENITENTIARY; ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS PROPOSED BY MESSRS. ■iONOBLET AND NEILSON, LOWER CANADA COH- tllSSluNEBS. 1. Nhitio of Stale, j>lace and Iiislitution ! Province of Ctaada, Towosbip of Kingstoo, Pro* viaciikl Penitentiary of Canada. 2. Wliun cotunieMCud. The commencement of building was in the year 1833, and one wing' was «o far completed in 1836 as to allow the receplioD of prisoners on the Ist June of that year. 3. VVlien linishcd ? The buildioj^s are not yet all erected. The north and south wings, with the walls and roof ot the east wing are built ; the latter of which will be completed with all possible expedition. In order to complete the establishment according to the original plan, there yet require to be built : the west wing, (the foundation of which is finished to the level of the yard), the hospital, the women's prison, the sho^ 3, and the boundary wall; of the latter of which near* iy one-third is built. 4. Uiitier wliat autliority ? Under the authority of the Statute of the lato Province of Upper Canada 3d, William 4th, chapter 6. Extent of ground or land belonging to the Institu- tion ? The ground upon which the Penitentiary is placed, including that inclosed by the boundary wall, mea- sures nearly twelve acres. 6. Extent of the building ? The whole length of the building is 290 \\ "'^et, and the breadth at the broadest part will be 244 feet ; the height of the wings is 40 feet ; the height above the rotunda at the iatersectional part of the building will be 105 feet. 7. Of what materia! i ? The Provincial Penitentiary is built of limestone, with brioUs for the sides and tops of the cells; the doors of iron, grated ; the floors, with the exception of those on the north wing, are stone. 8. What distance weie tlio heavy nuiterials brought; and what iwculiar advantages or disadvantages lor builduig ? , The timber and iron purchased for the erection of such part of the buildings as are completed, were furnished by contract and delivered on the ground at the expense of the contractors — the former was brought from a distance of '<^5 miles, and the latter two miles. The stone was taken from the Quarry on the spot, and cut, and made into lime, as it was required. The principal advantage derived in build- ing the Penitentiary is, that with the exceptiou of part of the south wing, it has been built by convict labour at far less expense to the Province, than if it had been erected by contract or day labour ; the only hired persons in the Institution being those en- gaged in the superintendence and watching of the convicts. 9. It" built by contract or public competition, or other- wise, under whose aiuhoiity, and ifauy allowance was made for oxtia work, and by whotu ; The south winjf wm hoilt by hired labour, in order that some part of the establishment should be pre* pared for the reception of convicts ;the remainder of the prison and its appurtenances will be completed by the convicts, as stated in the last preceding an- Bwer. Such materials as it was necessary to pro- cure were furnished by contract or public oompeti« lion. The work was done under the authority of the Commissioners appointed by the Statute of Up- per Canada 3d, William 4th, chap. 44. No allow- ance was made for extra work, as it was done by daily labour of hired mechanics, under the direction of a master Builder. 10. Cost of ground ? The cost of the (ground selected as a site for the Penitentiary, consistin^r of 100 acres, with a broken front of about 15 acres whereon the prison is built, was £1000. 11. Original cost of building ? The cost of the building so far as it has been com- pleted, including the expense of hired labour and of superintendence, but exclusive of the expense of maintaining the convicts, is £11,186 8 8|. 12. Cost of any additions since ? The further additions to the Prison will consist of those mentioned in the 3d answer, one part of which, the east wing, will be completed or nearly so, in the seasoo of '42, at an expense of £2,239 17, exclusive of the support of the convicts. 13. Cost of furniture and utensils at first ? At the opening of the Institution in the year 1835, the amount disbursed for furniture and utensiN was £115 6 5. . . , 14. Cost of first supply of tools and materials for the workshops ? • i . u Cost of first supply of tools and materials for the workshops, including those for the Quarry, £145 12 3J. 15. Annual average of repairs ? From 30 to 50 per cent, on implements, tools and tilothing ; the buildings being new, require very few repairs. 16. Out of what funds the original expenses were The public funds of the Province. 17. Amount out of State funds, and how raised ? 18. Amount out of local funds, and how raised ? 19. Amount out of private funds ? . . i 17, 18 and 19 do not apply to the Provincial Penitentiary. 20. Number of prisoners that can be accommo- Att*sd ? Males, 220 ; females, 22. When the prison is com- pleted it will be capable of containing 810 males and 70 females. 21. Number each year since commencement . 1835,66; 1836,46; 1837,109; 1838,81; 1839, 90; 1840,90. 22. Males, married ,' Do. single ? Total number of married males, 168 ; •ingle, 265 ; widowers, 14. 23. Females, married ? l)o. single ,' 8 1 Total number of luarried femalea, 21 ; single, 15') widows, 9. 24 Number at present ? Number in confiaement, 153. 25. Mules, matried ? Do. single .' Total number of married males, 53 ; singloi 84 ; widowers, 2. 26. Females, married ? Do. single ? Total number of married females, 7; single, 4| widows, 3. 27. Age of commiiment ? Committed under 15 years of ai^e, 8 ; from 15 to 20, 24 ; 21 to 30, 67 ; 31 to 40, 24: 41 and above. 30. 28. Original employments .' Oriffioal employments— trade I, handicraft 44, a' Ifrioulture 3. servants 17, day labourers 71, mariners 3, soldiers 14. Former residence of prisoners ud' known. 29' Mumber usually at work in each trade or employ- ment, and hours per day .' Employed in the prison 12 hours a day from 1st April to 30th September, and all the hours of day light during the rest of the year; allowing two hours each day for breakfast and dinner meals : — ■tone cutters 25, blacksmiths 10, tailors 6, shoema^ kers 7, carpenters 14, cooper 1, painter 1, rope ma- kers SO, quarrymen 8, labourers 44, seamstresses 14, nurse 1, barber 1, cook 1. 30. Number that can read and write ? Forty-nine. 31. Known to have been intemperate ? Eighty-six. 32. Not natives of the United States .' 30 natives of Upper Canada, 8 of Lower Canada, 11 5 of other countries. 33. Crimes, Violence .' Do. Theft ? Do. Fraud ? The crimes committed by those in conQnement may be classed as follows, viz : violence 8, theft 121, fraud 11, high treason 2, conspiracy 7, .rccfaiving sto- len (roods 3, arson I. 34 Authority by which sentenced .' Convicts are sent to the Penitentiary from the Courts of Quarter Sessions and Oyer and Terminer, and also by the Governor, by authority of a Protiii- cial Statute. 35. Duration of sentences ? The sentences of the convicts in confinement are as follow : 1 year and under 2 years, 25 ; 2 years, 48 ; 3 years, 35 ; 4 years, 4 ; 5 and under 6, 29 ; 6 years, 3; 7 years, 6; 14 years 2; for high treason and burglary, ordered for transportation, 1. 36. For life and for what crimes .' None. 37. Under what law or code sentenced .' The laws of Upper Canada. 38. Eseaped, and how ? Only oue has successfully escaped since the open- iuK of the Prison— he gained his liberty by diffffinir a hole under the fence. j t »f> b 39. RetaUan ? Several partial escapes have been made, but the parties have been pursued and brouifht back. 40. Number discliaiged before expiration of sen- tence, by what authority, and on whose recommen- dation ? 72 prisoners have been dischari^ed b^ pardon, by order of the Governor, after representatiuno of their good conduct by the Warden, and a statement of mitigfatini; cirouiustances by the Judges before whom they were tried. 41. Discharged on expiration uf sentence ? 292 convicts have been discharged by expiration of sentence. 42. Number of those re-comrnittfd, and after what time, or known to have been committed to otiier places of confinement .' There have been '^8 re-commitals to the Peniten- tiary, whose further offences have beeu generally committed about six months after their previous liberation. There are no means of ascertaining what number have been committed to other places of con< tinement. 43. Nature of confinement in tliis Institution, and number of each description : — Solitary without labour .' Solitary with labour singly .' Solitary with labour in com),any ? Classed coniiaement, and labour in company or classes ? The convicts are solitary confined, at night only. During the day they work in gangs under the care of a Keeper, according to tho description of work they perform. The trades and occupations carried on at the Penitentiary are those of blacksmiths, car< penters, stone cutters, masons, rope makers, tailors, shoemakers, coopers, quarrymen, seamstresses and labourers. 44. Nature of labour, Males ? Do. Females ? This is explained in answer to the question num- ber 29. 45. Reguliitions and code of discipline, and by what authority made } These are published in the Appendix to the Jour- jals of the House of Assembly for the late Province of Upper Canada, for the sessions of 1836 and 37. The authority by which they are made is given in the Statute of the same Province 4th, William 4th, chap. 37. 46. Usual punishments for breach of legulations or discipline ? The whip, solitary confinement and bread and wa- ter, according to tbe magnitude of the offence. 47. By whom adjudged .' Slight punishments by the keepers immediately on the commission of the offences. In cases of en* ormity, reference is had to the Warden or his assis- tant, who apportions a punishment commensurate with the offence. 48. Under whose authority, and by whom in- flicted ? Under tbe authority of the rules and regulations, of the Board of Inspectors, referred to in the answer to question 45, and the 29th section of the last men- tioned statute, 49. Annual number punished for the latl three years ? 210 or I § per convict per year. 50. Doscniition of ollences Lot which punishments were tiie most numerous ? Talkinjf, attempts to escape, pilferinif. 51. Check over the Keepers or authority of the Prison ? The Warden and bis assistant, who perambulate the yard and shops to observe that every thinjf goes on in pursuance of the discipline of the Institution . 52. Average number of sick per unnum .' 3I6| number of oases of sickness per annum. 53. Ditto deaths ? 2^ per annum. 54. Prevailing moladies ? Diarrhoea, febrile symptoms/rheumatism and ca- tarrh. drink j^"""'^ '^"'^ quantity of food, clothing, and The weekly allowance to each convict, is as fol- lows: 7f lbs. brown bread, J lb. salt pork, 4* lbs fresh beef, H lb. salt, i| lb. Hour, ^\ bushel lota- toes. J bushel ladian raeal, :f\ quart vinegar, J. qt. pease, ^^oz. pepper, | pint molasses. Part of the pease 18 made into coffee for the breakfast, and soup IS made from the meat; the bread is made from flour unbolted, and the meat is of the quality known as Frime. All the provisions are " sound, wholesome and merchantable." The articles of olothinij used on an average by the male convicts are : 1 ohth cop. 1 cloth stock, I cloth jacket, 1 pair doth trowsers, for two years. 1 linen jacket, 1 linen waistcoat, 1 pr. linen trowsers, 1 pair braces, 3 pairs shoes, 4 pairs socks, 3 cotton shirts,! flannel shirt, 1 pair drawers, 2 pocket handkerchiefs, for one year. For the fe- male convicts : 2 gowns, 2 petticoats, 2 shifts. 2 handkerchiefs, 2 pair stockings, I pair shoes, for one year. The qu8!:tyof all the clothing is of coarse materials. " 56. Moral and religious instruction ? A chaplain is appointed to the Penitentiary, whose duty it is to read prayers and preach once every Sunday. Good Friday and Christmas day, and to visit the Penitentiary occasionally during the "?! . M?*"^ convict who can read is furnished with a bible, and some of them with a Church of England prayer book. There is a small library of moral and religious works, which are distributed among the convicts as often as they require. A school has been established for the benefit of such of the prisoners as cannot read, and many have been tauRht to read and spell very correctly. The time employed for teaching is half an hour after breakfast and the same space after dinner. a*?h;.I"'1'^'.* of capital disbursed for establishment. at the legal rate of the place .' «ucm. Eighteen hundred pounds. 58. Average annual e^spendituie from commence- ment, and from what fund ^ '-ummeuce- ^4285 14 3. In this average is included theniir. chase of land and buiiding materials, mechanics' WBnei, pay of o(!ioeri, maiDtaiaaoee of con? ioti, an4 every other expenie iacurred at the Penitentiary. The funds from which the suma expended were drawn, were from the Provincial revenue of Upper Canada. 69. Ue.xcription of the administration of the Institu* tion, its otlii.er!<, their titles, duties, salaries und allow ances ? The manaffement and fj^overnment of the Peniten- tiary is under five inspectors. The otBcers and others with thpir pay and allowances is as under : — O le Warden, ^300 per annum, house, fuel and can* dies; one Deputy, ^150, do. do. do.; one Clerk, j£112 10, fuel; one Chaplain, £150 ; one Surg^eon, jCIOO; one master builder, ^175; ten keepers each £92 10; six watchmen, each £'40; six ditto £54/ 15; one Matron, JE48, fuel and candles. The War- den is to attend constantly at the Penitentiary, to exercise a general supervision over the government, discipline and police of the Institution, to give di- rections to the keepers, and to examine into the state of the Penitentiary ; and to sell and dispose of articles manufactured by the convicts. The Deputy Warden is specially charged with the discipline of the Prison, under the direction of the Warden, and to supply the place of the latter when absent on the affairs of the Prison ; so far as the same relates to the safe keeping of the prisoners, and the discipline of the Penitentiary. The duty of the Clerk is to keep all the accounts of the Institution, and to pre- pare the annual statements to be laid before the Le^ gislature. The Chaplain's duty is described in the answer to the 56th question. The Physician is to visit the prison daily at a stated hour, and prescribe for the sick convicts, and he is to attend at the pri- son, in addition to those visits, as often as he may be required so to do. He is to keep a register of all the oick convicts placed under his care, and the date of their entering and leaving the hospital; also a register of deceased convicts, stating their names, ages, time and cause of death. The master builder has the superintendence of all the mechanical operations, so far as they relate to the completion of the buildings ia progress of erection. The keepers have each charge of a gang, accord- ing as the labour of the convicts is divided into dif- ferent trades. The watchmen have no controul over the coa- victs, further than to prevent their escape. The matron has charge of the female convicts and superintends all their work. 60. Ditto Set vants, their number, wages and allow- ances ? There were no servants other then what wo last stated at the Penitentiary. 61. Annual expenses of Prisoners' clothing and bedilins ? £5 15 6.J. 62. Aiinuul expenses for food and diink i £9 2 6. «• \ I I 63. Avemge cost of eaoh prisoner, calculating tli« wbolo annual cost ol' the estublisliinent f ^28 11 5. 64. Annual average of purchases for work shops for the lust three years ? jfi 1,637 10 8^; this sum includes both articles for building; iDaterials and for gfouds made for sale. 65. AveroRe of sales clilto .' £I,U19 17 5, including cut stone amountinff to ^365 4-1. * 66. Market value of Boods on luind .' The amount of property on hand at the Peniten- tiary, exclusive of the value of the Prison buildiur. is i:5.963 8 9. 67. Laws reguliuing the establishment .' This is stated in answer to (juestion 45. 69. Plan and de^scriicion of iho esialilishniont ? This appears from page 29 of the Report of Lower Canada Commissioners, to have been already fur- nished. 69. If there are any complaints of trades-people and tradesmen or others in the neighbourhood, in respect to the establishment, and what .' There have been two or three meetinj^s of the Mechanics on this subject, but latterly all com- plaints seem to have subsided. 70.— Complaints of prisoners, their nature, and means of redress ? The only complaints made (which is btit seldom) after having; received punishment for offences against the rules, which are {generally found to be frivolous. Cruelty on the part of a keeper would be visited with instant dismissal. 71 . If prisoners generally are satisfied or dissatisfied with their treatment .' On the discharife of Prisoners, certain questions are put to them, and nearly all their answers concur in the following; particulars. _ That they have never seen any punishment in- flicted which they consider cruel, or so severe as to injure the health of a convict, or prevent him from attending; to his daily work. That if a convict is disposed to attend to his work, there is no difficulty in conforming to and obeying all the Prison rules and regulations. ^ That the cells are sufficiently large, lighted, ven- tilated and warm, and are as comfortable as need be. That their food, clothing and bedding, have beea wholesome, sufficient and comfortable. That the discipline of the Penitentiary and the punishment of hard labour therein, is sufficient to deter them from the further commission of crime and calculated to produce reformation. That the treatment of the convicts is humane. That proper care and attention is paid to them in case of sickness. 72. General opinion as to the advantages or disadvan- tages of the Institution .' This is not known. 73. Have crimes, throughout the State, increased or diminished since the establishment, in proportion to the population .' Notwithstaading the continual increase of popu- latioo, crime, so far as numbers are eoneerncd, rt- mains statiouary, there haviii)? beea always at the end of each year, about IM convioti in confine- ment. 74. Annual emigration from foicign countries into the Slate ? ThKro are no copies of the public returus on this •uliject here. . , • « i 75. Do persons cliichar(,'od readily obtain oonllUenco and eni|)loyiu«iit on certilicrties from Iiistituiion ? _ No certificates are ffivon to dischnrKed convicts; they would in most cases do more harm than good, by conveying a knowledge of their previous hu- bits. , 76. What nntnljer nre known to have got employment anil proved worthy ol conHdeiice during the last three years ? This cannot be ascertained. 77. What nurnhcr lire known to have proved worin- less, duiinu the Inst three years .' There is no opportunity of knowing this, unless nn opinion may be formed froni the number of re- comittals. 78. Wlir.t is the general opinion of those disoharg- ed .' If this refers to a period subsequent to the dis- charge of the convicts, it cannot be ascertained, as they are very se'.dom heard of after their liberation. Should, however, the question be applicable to the time of their liberation, the answer is given^t 71. 79. What other places of confinement '♦flie there in the State, and usual number of Prisoners in each ? There is a Gaol in each of the Districts of the Province, but the number of Prisoners confined therein for short periods is very fluctuating. 80. Population of the Stale .' The population of Upper Canada is nearly 600,- 81 . Proportion of population that can read and write ? This has never been ascertained. 82. Propoition of children at school ? This ran only be learned by application to the several School Trustees throughout the Province. 83. Proportion of families owners of real estate, and such as are not owners ? This may be lei»rned on reference to the several Clerks of the Peace in whoso offices the returns are filed. 84. Number of Paupers ? This is unknown. r ^ r ,u 85. Hate of wages of labour, without boaid, lor tne last three years, per day ? From 2s. 6d. a 3*. per day. 86. Rate with board, per month, do. ? Ten dollars per month. 87. Rate of board lor labourers, do. ? Eight do. do. . 88. General remarks or explanations referring to any particular number of the foregoing enquiries ? The foregoing answers are made up so as to em- brace the expenditure of the last grant of money made by the Parliament of Upper Canada. Provincial Penitentiary, 5 Upper Can.'sda, > 8th March, 18+2. )