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32 X

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32 X

> ^

'yphoid Fever and Cholera.

PREVENTABLE DISEASES.

TYPHOID FEVER

AND

CHOLERA.

PUBLISHID BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE CENTRAL BoARD
OF HSALTH OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEO.

Read this carefully and keep it for future reference.

Additional copieg of this and other Pamphleti on Preventable
ifiscascs msj do obtsined gsiatib by application to
the Secretary of the Central Board of Hjultb,
SO St James St, Montreal

ijh-

TYPHOID FEVER AND CHOLERA.

TYPHOID FBYEB.

Typhoid fever is a disease altogether and easily
preventable. The specific poison of typhoid fever
is contained in the diarrhoeal discharges (and
possibly other excretions and exhalations) of the
patient. If these obtain access to water supply or
to articles of food or drink, an outbreak of typhoid
fever will follow amongst those partaking of such
food and drink. These discharges coming into
contact with putrid animal matter, as by being
thrown into water-closets and privies, are citable
of sataratiiig such matter with the fever poison

lt;;-"

in its moft powerfal fona. The dried disoharget
may preseire the poison effectually, and when^
blown about in the air, distribute the disease.

TO PREVENT THE OOOXTBREKOB OP TYPHOID FEYEB

IN A COMMUNITY.

1. Attend etpecially to the pwrity of your drinking
water. — ^Do not use water drawn from shallow
wells. AH st^h wells are dangerous. A privy,
pit or cesspool can contaminate well-water at a
distance of 100 feet or at much greater distances in
certain conditions of the soil.

2. Attend especially to the disposal of sewage. — Ty-
phoid fever is communicated from one person to
another mainly by the emanations of tfei dis-
charges of the intestines of the patieiit, btit H is
probable that it is also caused by tiie'eflttuvia of
accumulat(^ filth inandirt)out dwelling Iw^
You must, therefore, keep your premises scrupu-
%®J7 *^^®*^»30'® especially attend to the privies
and cesspols. Have ttem thorougWy clMecl out

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and disinfected with the copperas disinfectant.
Cease to use those outhouses situated near wells.
Bo not allow accumulations of house slops, manure,
fann reftise, &c., to remain near the house. The
air given off hy them is dangerous, and by soaking
into the gpround they poison the water you drink.
If you have water-closets inside the house, see that
they are in good order, and that the pipes do not
leak and allow poisonous gases to enter your
house.

,. . ■■« is» I ,<

^v* .rv*^&'%'»;rt

8. P(^ aUmUion to the mUk mpply,—-l!heTe ib a
property peculiarly belonging to milk which en-
ables it to hold and distribute infectious disease.
Typhoid fever has been given to very many people
by contaminated milk. "When typhoid fever occurs
in the family of a milkman who is ignorant or dis-
honest, he distributes a poison to ^^^ch one of his
customers.

TO PBEVENT THE SPBEAB OF TYPHOID FEVER,
WHEN A CASE HAS ACTUALLY OCCURRED.

1., W)^en a case is known to exist in a neighbour-

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water supply. If contamination is possible, its use
should be forbidden until proper measures can be
taken to protect it fully against such contamina-
tion. Do not use for drinking purposes any water
which has not been either filtered or boiled, or
better still, both.

2. If a case breaks out in a neighbourhood
where sewers are used, every householder in that
neighbourhood Ihould be warned. All house-
drains opening into the common sewer should be
inspected and tested by an expert. The plumbing
of your house should be most carefully examined,
defective joints repaired, traps put in order and
the flushing of water-closets made effective. Do
not wait until the members of your family are
down with the fever.

Do your duty by them at once.

8. Keep your premises cle^n. Eemove all de-
ca3ring animal and vegetable matter and use disin-

drains, gutters, outhouses, stables, &;c. ; clean them

IQ-

well and then disinfect them with tSe'copiperaB
disinfectant.

v.]

■ f ! I .

4. The greatest care of all must be exercised at
the house where the fever breaks out. Follow
out the directions in No. 8. Within the house,
disinfect promptly the discharges from the patient
and every thing liable to come iiito contact with
such discharges. Receive the discharges in ves-
sels containing a quart or so of the zinc disinfect-
ant. After use, clean the vessel with some of the
same disinfectant solution. Bedpans and chamber
vessels should always be carried covered. No dis-
charges from the patient should be left under the
bed, but must instantly be removed. All vessels,
cups, bed-pans, &;c., in use by the patient are to
be marked and kept entirely for the patient's use.
Food or drink that has once been in the sick room
must never be used by any other than the patient.
If there be a water-closet in the house, this should
be used exclusively for the discharges from the
patient while the fever lasts, and the receptacle

-1 IJS v

oiiuiua UQ nusnea bHiee or loux umes a aay wiin
the zinc disinfectant.

T"' "™^^" ; " ~".': ' ' : , iTtTntf ,. ■'^'- '•; i . ijf

Never tlirow, such disoliarges into a privy or
cesspool, hxji^ after . having disinfected them bury
them in the ground, at least 100 feet a^^ay ftom
any well or other source of water supply.

Keep a tub of the zinc disinfectant in the sick
room, and into this drop immediately after use, all
clothing, blankets, sheets, towels, &c., used about
the patient or in the room. Boil these articles as
soon as practicable. Bum immediately all rags,
closet paper, &c., used about the person. The sick
room should be large and easily ventilated, if pos-
sible, provided with an open fire, and as far from
the living and sleeping rooms of othier members of
the family as it is practicable to have it. Eeiaove
all unnecessary articles of ftiifniture and orna-
ments. Admit as much firesh air as possible.
Fresh air is the best disinfectant. Two persons,
not more, (one of them, if possible, an experienced
nurse), should be employed in the sick room, and
their intm course with other members of the family
should be properly restricted.

6. After recovery or during convalescence the

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ifuhix^u.*, is i.v Do coiiJ5iut7i6u tt» uaugerous 80 long as

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the intestinal discharges continue t<y 1f)e morie
copions, liquid and frequent than is natural.

6. After recovery or death disinfect all the ar-
ticles worn or used by the patient with burning
sulphur. '■'-'■

t>#-

1, Typhoid fever sets in usually with a sense of
fatigue, headache and diarrhoea. Wh^n you ex-
perience such symptoms take to your Sed at once.
Do not take purges or attempt by violent exercise
to work it off. The danger to life in typhoid fever
is much diminished by rest in the early part of
the difease. Many of the worst cases occur in
those who have had to undergo great exertion in
the early stages of the fever.

Painless diarrhoea or simple looseness of the
bowels occurring in one who has never had
typhoid fever should excite suspicion while this
disease exists in a neighbourhood. During the
existence of typhoid fever in a community, all
diarrhoeal discharges should be disinfected.

OfiOLSBA.

■SI

Cholera resembles typhoid fever, as regards its

causes and the means of preventing its arrival and

of checking its spread. Therefore, follow most

carefully the directions previously given. Persons

should be careful to check at once any tendency

to diarrhoea. Many cases of incipient cholera

have thus been prevented.

-I"
8smpioms,<f Cholera.'— X person previously in

good health 19^ seized with violent diarrhoea and

vomiting. There are great prostration ; eitreme

thirst; violent pains in the belief driiinps in the

arms and legs. The body becoiii8B*eold; pulse

quick and weak, respiration rapid, the voice

husky.

HOW TO DEIL WITH THE PATIENT.

1. Isolate thoroughly. — ^Do not allow the first case

,, . • ■

occurring in your community to be the means of
spreading the disease to others.

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2. DismfBct thorough^. — ^Bemember that it is
through the intestinal discharges that cholera is
mainly spread. Disinfect at once these discharges
with the zinc disinfectant. Follow ont to the
letter the directions in No. 4 of Typhoid fever.

8. In the event of recovery, disinfect in the man-
ner recommended in the pamphlet on Smallpoz.

4. Should death occnr, follow ont the directions
given in the pamphlet on Small-pox.

4 ►■

BEST DISINFEOTANTS.

Sunlight, ftetk air, soap and water, thorough cleanliness— for
general use.

For special puiposes the following are the most efficient, the
simplest and the cheapest

L--Coppera» Ditinfectant.

Sulphate of iron (copperas) one and one-half poun'us

Water. one gallon.

A convenient way to prepare this is to sospend a basket con-
taining about sixty pounds of copperas in a barrel of water«

*•*"

Th9 solutioii shQuld be frequently and liberally used in cellars,
privies, water-closets, gutters, sewen, cess-pools, yards, stables,
etc, etc. ,

JL—Sulphvir Ditmfeetant

Roll sulphur (brimstone) two pounds.

To a room ten feet squaare, and in the ime proportion for
larger rooms. See Bule 8, of Section U., for mode of use.

III,--^2Hnc Disinfectant.

Sulphate of zinc (white vitriol) . . one and one-half pounds.

Cbmmon salt three-quarters of a pound.

Water. six gallons.

J i

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