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BouKiNOT. (Road May 25, 1883.) CENTRAL L BR/ THEDEPT. CFELUC t UBRARY OF tHEBBPAKTMENTOFl BAUFAX, N.S The toim.st will find many moinorials of the Fronch reg-imo throug-hout the pro- yinces whirh were once comprised within the ill-defined and extensive limits of Acadia and are now known as Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. These m(>morials must be sought ainont^ a few communities speaking a language sadly degenerated from the Nor- man and Breton French of their ancestors, in a few grass-covered mounds, or in the names of many of the bays, rivers, and headlands of the Acadian country. Port Latour, on the western coast of Nova Scotia, recalls the time when the high-spirited, courageous In-ench- man, the rival of the treacherous D'Aulnay, Avas labouring to establish himself on the peninsula. The Gaspereau was the name given to a rapid stream which winds its way through the A'ery garden of Nova Scotia, by the anc(>stors of that hapless people whom a relentless destiny and the mandate of an inexoral)le government snatched from their old homes in " the sweet Acadian land." The island of Cape Breton, which once bore the proud name of " He Iloyale," still wears the more homely and also more ancient name which was giA'en to its most prominent cape by some of those hardy Breton sailors who, from the very earliest times, ventured into the waters of the northern continent. Louis- burg still reminds us of the existence of a powerful fortified town, intended to overaw(! the English in America and guard the approaches to the Laur(>ntian gulf and rivt^-. The Boularderie Island is a memento of a French Marquis, of whom we shoiild nm'er have heard were it not for the fact that his name still clings to this pretty green island which he once claimed as his seigneurie. The Bras d'( )r yet attests the propriety of its title of "the Golden Arm," as wo pass through its lovely inlets and expansive lakes, siirrounded by wooded heights and smiling farms. The French had at best only a very pr<>carious foothold in Acadia. At a few isolated points they raised some rudely constructed forts, aroiind which, in the course of tim(>, a number of .settlers built huts and cultivated small farms. The rivalry between England and France commenced on the continent as soon as the British colonies hud made some progress, and prevented the French ever establishing nourishing settlements all ovit Acadia. At no time was the French government particularly enamoured of a country which seemed to promise but a scanty harvest of profit to its proprietors ; for the history of Acadia shows that the kings of France and their ministers loft its destinies for years in the hands of mere adventurers and traders. In the course of time they began to haA'e some conception of the importance of Acadia as a ])ase of operations against the aggressi^'o New Englanders, and were forced at last, in self-defence, to buiid Ijouisburg on the eastern coast of He Koyale. But then it was too late to retrieve the ground they had lost by their indifference during the early history of the country. Had the statesmen of France been 72 J. G. liOURIXOT OX gifted with pnictiral fort'siffht, tht-y would havo sw'ii that the possession of Acadia ij nil iihsoluti' ut'icssity to a jmavit whi \]\<- diffimltiJ with Avhirli thi' pioiic-rs of France on thi.- continent had to contend from ihe vmout>«l ol' their perilous exiieriiiieiit ol'ifiloiiization. When the adventurers came to Acadia wiill DeMoiits— the ieiidul lord of half a continent ]»y virtue of Henry's royal « harter-lhtsl was not a siimle Iviropeaii settli'iiicnt from the frozen Pole to the anci<'nt Spimisli toml of St. Aiiiiiistiiie. aiiioiiii' the swamps of Florid^. "When the rock-irirt islet d the St.Croiil was round aho^vthcr iinsuitahle for their first settlement, the French wiili ouo aicoiil souiiht tlie lovely ha>iii. >urrouiuled l>y wooded liills and a fertile country alMniii(liua\viii uaiiie, which is now known as the ba.sin of the Annajxdis. one of the inlets of the Bayal Fuiidy, so noted for its "tides" and '• bores." Two hundred and seventy years ago, til first timbers of the fort were raised on the banks of the FIcjuille. now the AiiiiaiHilisiivrtl l)y tlie command of IJaroii de routrincourt. who was the first seitrnior of that «L'Uiain. M l^'i'iicli were eiicliaiiti'd with the s<('ii<'ry and their new .settlement. •• It \va> uiitonsJ " thiiij^- marvellous." says the lirst historian of America. " to see the fair distant imdtli-| " lar-iviiess of it, and the mountains and hills that environed it, and we woiuleivdhow- " fair a i)lace did remain a desert. beiuL;- all filled with wood. At the very beuiiiuiiiLM^ ; " were desirous to see the country up the river, where we found meadows ahuost com i; '■ iiually above twelve leaeties of i;rouiid. anions which brooks do run withnui immli' '■ h m and out of the spa.'ious basin, and keep it comparativelv free from the icebouds ^^h.. h eiter the rivers and lakes of the interior. On an elevated "point of land, near tk head ..1 the basin, and by the side of the river, we .see a small pile of wooden Imildiug*, .om whose chimneys rise Ih^ht .oUtmns of smoke in the -,re atmosphere, to speak of a •u 1. eons cheer and urateful warmth ; hut a verv unpretentious pile of buildtn.s to hold stru i'-i'i "'''■' :"'"•" ^'^ ' ^^-iW-nu'ss 'contitu.nt ! A cpxadrangle of ntd.ly ecu-' tZ o? !he F^ucr^Trt r "'"''• '^^' "'^ ''"^"^^^-^ '"^^ ^^^-«' -«g^"-« ^"'^ '^^^ 1- ihe defences aro palisades, on which several cannon are mouuted. SOME OLD FOUTS BY THE SKA. 78 difli.ui;;.. ViTV UlllVM ir'i .i-adia viilH iirtiT-tlifflH ?M Miiish tor.n h.-St.CrJ "'^ iiii>.' aivoK K uudiufifwii: 94' I he Bay s ;ir.s ago, tk iijiolis ri\>!, 1 1 l.iiiiaiii. Ti- 1 J ;l> U11I011<: F,| Hit audi;. I.'ivdhow- .■Liiiiuiiii.''' "■7: liuiot mr. iiiii muni'': K Dii tlu'.'>ho: f la t ion. M • e rtinouL'tk ^ ^ .' rliivalroiu ' 1 — ;iiv amom ',1 u-l)"i ha.»k t ^"k \v M'c illu' I lii^ aeeoiin i.J a L'l>earl)« ^ If ll'uv-de-li! uh >hiiW I.. si'Vi'iiteeir..'. 4 h >ii"\v, I'i;' . -4 bui I he till' ■ 1 thoi'"boiK^ ■1 nd. ii'ar li. 1 n huildiiii;- ■■'■'f-| i-li.':ik 111 '■'■ -■i in 10 hoM ^3 friid.lyeon- s and dwell- ire mounted. H >8 pocp up amidst tho pure suow, and a \o^ hut here and thoro tells us of sorao it more adventurous than tho others. Above one of the loftiest roofs lloats tho vc of France. Then wo think that those rude works were almost alone in the American wilderness have some conception of the ambition and conra«?e of the French pioneers. If we the spacious dining hall, which is situated in one of the principal buildings of tho mgle, we find a pleasant and novel scene. A large fire of mapl(! logs blazes on tho hospitable hearth, and as the bell gives tho suiiimous for the noou-day dinner, wo ! procession, of some fifteen or sixteen gentlemen march gaily into the hall and lay a ly array of platters on the table. At the head is probably Champlain, the steward of ly, according to tho rules of " L'ordre de bou temps," with his staff of olflce in his and the collar of his olRce around his neck. Each guest boars a dish, perhaps )n, or fish or fowl, which has been provided by tho caterer for tho day. P'he faithful Acadian Sachem, old Membertou, and other chiefs and braves, sit squatted the fire, and nod approvingly as they see this performanct! repeated day after day. inteous feast is enjoyed, and many witty jokes, songs and stories go around the board, ie company comprises men of courtly demeanour, heroic daring and scholarly culture, know well how to console themselves during their banishment to this Acadian erness. |The next scene is one often witnessed in the early times of French colonization. revor the French adventurer found himself, he never failed to show his christian One of tho first acts of Baron do Poutrincovirt, after he had established himself at Port kl, was to have old Membertou and other Indians admitted within the pale of the ran Catholic Church. On a fine June day tho converts, to tho number of twenty-one, ible on the shore in front of Port Royal, and then follow the religious ceremonies Br the direction of Priest LaFleche. The " gentleman adventurers," the soldiers, the jltants, appear in all their finery. The rites are performed with all the pomp of that tch which, above all others, understand so well how to appeal to the senses of the Bes. A Te Deum is chanted, and tho cannon send forth a volley in honour of tho first ^ism of tho savages of Acadia. The Indians received the name of tho first nobility in ^ce, and w^ere rewarded by presents from tho zealous Frenchman, who were mightily ed with their religious triumph. Similar scenes wore often enacted in later times, tochelaga, on the Ottawa, by tho western lakes and rivers, and on the borders of the ' of Mexico. JThe next episode is one of gloom and misfortune. On a bright summer's day, in 1613, pp sailed up the basin, to tho astonishment of tho habitants who wore busy in the Was it the long-expected ship from France V Had their friends beyond the seas st recollected the struggling colony and sent soldiers and supplies to its assistance ? The Red Cross of England iloated from the masthead of the stranger. The iarmers \ to the forest, to warn the commandant and his soldiers, who were absent on some bdition ; and the fort became an easy prey to Captain Samuel Argall, a rough sea- iin, authorized to destroy the French settlement by Sir Thomas Dale, governor of yinia, then rising into importance as the first English plantation on this continent. When Argall destroyed Port Royal, both Franco and England were fairly entering Soc. II., 1883. 10. 74 .1. <;. nouiiiNoT ON / wpoii ilii' idiiti ^1 I'nr .siipvciiiiKv ill till' lu'w world. I'ort lloyal im'iiiii lo^c from its asW but its hi-iuiy iliiiiirri.rili iillonls li'w t'pisoch'M of i'ltoroHt cxtvpt .sii'in'i's ; lor u L'Ksiatl m-vt'V aiiiiiii livcil within its wiills, to ciilivfH its imniitt's and luuul down to luttiriiinJ the story oi' its advciitiinnis cavi'cr. The lli'uv-dc-lis or the red cross lloalrd rniiu tli.' [/ ai'cordiii'.'' as thr i''rciiili or \]\>' Miiiflisli were the victors in llic loiiu' stniiiulc thati'ii«j lur till' pu.s.'ssinM of Aradia. In 171*1 llu- Kniflish Colonics, wliich had suircrcdiniKi Innii ill.' i|.>|uvdiitii)ii> oi'ihc l''rciirh, scut an expedition ayainnt I'ort J\i>yal, uiuU'rtlinoal niaiid ()!' I'r:i.i 'is M.-holsdii. who had It'cn «ifovcriior ol' ni'vcriil of the itroviucos. lU ImvikIi M(,\,.,M|,,r, M. Suhevease, endeavoured to defend the fort, but his n-arrisou wibimj v-iy piii;,!.!.' rontliiion. and unabh- to oppose successfully the attacks of the hi'siii'irsk] any liinih i,\' tiia,. ; musripu.ntly he eapitidated towardfs the latter part ol' Ortobor. Ill" l())t hiid l„.,.ii c(.nsidcial)ly strengthened, and was on aniuch larifor scale tk the o'.ie .•nv!r,l |,y i\r J',,nlrincourt, but, nevertheless, Tort, Koyal was only an iiisiiriiiW fort coeipaivl v iiK (^m.d... ,,r bc.uisburu'. Considerable settlements, duriii-i' th.' f^' '•'■iH'iiy lia the fort ill a dilapidated state, but the "•arrisoii. ill men, XV, Mv ,;,7,,Vvv, .,11 .„ n,us and tatters, and emaciated from hun^vr. i'lvue Unit uay I'mi U„y;,l ivniained in possession of the Ensi'lish and .Acadia iiiayl«| !.:i>-..(l away l,,r ever from the Freii'di, who had so long t-'allaiilly strirfj ih'- iiainc ,,1 p,,ii l;,,yi,l was (duinged to that of Annapolis, in lioiiourof ^^TV! '^"''''""^' '"' '"'"'• • '""'^ ^^ ^^'"''' *^'' **'''^* ^^ ^^^^ government of Nova M xiutil llahluv wa, fonndrd. l.^wards the middle of tlu- eighte(>nth century. Then theofe| tuwniu A!i!..nra--,.x.vpii,!u., ,,r rourse, St. Au-ustine— was consigned to obscurity, affi| Wii'm ■ .". "'7"'r'"'^ ':■ ''"• '''-'""'''1 anticpiary. It is needless to say the people of Aim k!,'^. '.! '"i' "■ ''' ■''".' '"'*^" '''•" ''"-y ''''ve an historical past, and thatGem'ral Williams, the .- ir • ""'' '"'■''"•' "'" '' ''"'"" '"''''■'"'•'•"• l{"il\vays now run into the town, ImtM n4-' ol th.. '. ''r^''"'" ' '^'''"" '" ''"' ''''"■''• "'"^ "^'' **^*^ ^'•"^■'* ^^''^ ™*'^*''' *'''^'' y""*°'H 1i'n/< ''iMi!',!' \''''i- "'' ' ' ''" ''"■"^"""^■'' ^\^^i«'h snorts and pull's as if in dnisioiiofol' ]!^, I';'.,''' '"" ''""' '^ "■' "I'^iii"!! have more than (.nee been dug up by ilieiiW! ■ '"" '^'"'''''■' '^ •' "'"uiiy ill th,. vicinity of the town. The " Old Mortality }"U or a laviiv stone, mark.-d in deep rude Arabic liguiv< \m.d\ ,,,,.,,, ..^^.'"^"'''.■'"'^'.^"'"' 'onuhly .dusidled. Like other inti-restiiui- nieffioriali XoM ■ or ,1,,.' iVl '! ^'7'-!' ':",' '"'"" 'I'^-'Pl^'-ired and its whereabouts are not icw kiioOT "I ii'in li liuiltliiiT; said to 111'.,. to IrU,i,i it. viill seetk iiiius iif the fort, which was long oc( li'-l who has antiquarian tastes and is '■'■\vinde,l by a trip from Windsor througl l>av,M k l..rih,.'llnliri '!''''! '''"'•' ''"' '"'"' "^" ''''' ^''''^' '^^^^'^ ^^"'^ ^^"^ occupiod asij^ ">1 '■■"■-i-c will tm,l V- ""IT ,','"' '"'''■'" ''^''* ^^'''^ antiquarian tastes and is a ivuoW',-^ va.Vys of lviu....andAnnapulis not surpas.sod in the Nia...an distrl r i . u '••uuivy hrsi Terlaim,d IVo- n. \ ^r the niost fertile portion of Ontario, Il'Ve istW le feriiKf '"'^ "> a Hip irom vvindsor througn •ii('in""| Hen. he will .see gardens, and meadows and ordurfl durti\ >in lh( live nv.p iVoili year to y counties, wo me, people, cliii ginu' (il) ^vllh ihe (1 "^•' ^-i. by the old Acadian farmers, and yielding a i.iostpwB||M|di '■"• ^H the township of Clare, and other parts of the westenf^^iw Mil ilely •^^'viidanls of the Acadians, a sleepy, thrifty and -.'ligi»«> I'^t'-nis, but ueverthele ss rapidly merging ith tli( «OMK OLD FORTH BY TIIM SKA, 76 jenorgotio plomont which prcsHCH upon thctn from all directions, and forces Hicni out bir isolation. font' of tho French forts of Acadia has a more interesting- history than that erected on inks of the St. John River, by one of the most counit^fous " gentlemen adventurers " lever sought to establish homes for themselves and I'amilies on this continent. As bview the incidents of the eventl'nl career of Charles de St, Etienn»n Seigneur de la |, wt^ see him often a wanderer with the savages in th(* depths of tht; forest,— anon linedly defending the French ports on the Atlantic coast and on the Itiver St. John, ^rraying his retainers and Itattling for his rights lik(^ some old chief of feudal times. ''hen Biencourt, Baron d»^ Foutrincourt's Son, died in 102:5, he bequeathed to LaTour ^ghts in Fort Royal, and nominated him as his successor. LaTour, however, for some or other, removed to Cape Sable, where he built a fort which he named St. I^)uis. equently he deserted the fort at that point and moved to tho entrance of the River St. . A new fort vv^as biailt under his directions during the year 102'7, on the extreme jf a largo point of land on the western side of tho harbour. It was an earthwork of eighty paces, diameter, with four bastions, on each side of which six large cannon mounted. By this time the coloni(>s of Virginia, New York and New England were ing rapid headway, compared with the French settlements in Acadia. The indomitable lercial enterprise of the early British colonists was already bearing rich fruits through- few England particularly. Tho total population of Quebec did not exceed 500 souls, fit Was still a very insiguiticaut place. The towns — Or villages rather — n(>xt in impor- ice were Three Rivers and Tadousac, both of t:h(Ma extensive trading posts. Li Nova ^a, Fort Royal and the St. John Fort were the only posts occupied by the French, lie Capo Breton was inhabited by a few fishermen. fThe history of this fort, for many years, was the history of the feud between Charles jaTour and Chevalier D'Aulnay Charnisay, both of whom claimed tho same rights in lia, and fought out the dispute to the bitter end. Then LaTour's wife appeared on t scene, and proved herself, all through that iritical period in the history of the country, jit helpmate for her husband ; for she displayed an amount of courage and resolution of factor of whi^'h w^o have few instances on record. She undertook important missions igland and Massachusetts, and did her husband good service ; but she will always bo remembered for her heroic defence of the fort on two occasions against D'Aiilnay, |o attacked it during his rival's absence. On the first occasion, Madame LaTour rallied defenders and succeeded in beating otf the assailants. At a later time, however, ifjiulnay was suc(>essful, and Madame Latour was ibrced to agree to terms of capitulation. B^AuInay thou sullied his reputation by breaking his pledge in a most disgraceful manner, Alt he ordered all the garrison to be hanged — with tho exception of one man, who acted I* executioner — in the presouf^e of the ixn fortunate lady, who was forced to stand by with ikl»lter around her nock. These occurrences naturally broke the poor lady's heart, for she Wd a few months later. LaTour subseqirently received a now commission from tho King as governor of -iiB«dia, and — alas for human consistency — married the widow of his old rival, who was jltewned in the Bay of Fundy sometime during 1650. Then, Acadia having fallen into iSbn possession of the English, in 1654, LaTour succeeded in obtaining from Cromwell a _|ttMit of considerable land, and retired from the fort. 76 .1. <;. nonuNOT on 'I'll!' lii>(nr\ nl l''i)il liiiTKiiv, under ilN.Kni^liMh masltTH, iillovils u>- im suihintcrcMiii ('li'iMiilr^ ii> 1 li;iraririi/|.(l ii> career •liiriiiif its oeeupiitioii l»y its I'ouinler and hi> hrw wile, \\ h. II, ill |(;7((, il,,. pnsts in Aeadiu were restored to the Iivmh, Fort Ulnu ii[)|)eiii-.s III liii\,. Ii,>,'ii ill a ruinous state, and wan deHcrled for Hoiue tini.'. Foriuiuiy \e«i, till till' cliis,' (if till' M'Vi'iiteciiili ii'iiturv, it was oeeiipied l>y a NUiall u.nrisdn, Imt in ii, Mnniiicr ul' l"()l „\iv nlili.. Imvu.Ii ■••ovrnorH tirdered it to l>e razed to lli.' liiouml. Atik date its liisloiy as I'uii LaTour may l>e said to end. In I7.')h('(,l. M(,ii;i,,i, was sent hy the llritish ifoveriior at Tort K.i\nl to tukcforail possession o| il,,. Un,.,. Si, Juhii. The work was very soon aeeoniplislir.l, and tho Wii lliitr now \\a\,.,l iiiiiiM|,|iaiiil\ over llie whoU' Hver territ«.ry IVom th.- CanaaiimlmuiKlin to llic sra. I hrii ilir (.1(1 |'oit hi'uau to Wear a new aspeet, lor the riiimd inini)arts m ''''"''"'■'^' '""' ''"'I 'S.\'ui nioiiiiled on its walls; hut, while it ol.laiiird in this wjyi U'W^ry l,.,s,. ,,[■ ,.xiNi,.|i,,., it liccaiiie, n(d Kort Lalour as of (dd, l»ul I'm! KrcdfriAii li"ii'niidia iMiii...n| ih,. iiati,,ii io wlii.h it now belontjvd. Thenr.dorili its luMonii I'lenoloiious, iiii.l w,. ,1 ,„,, I,.,,,,,, j,^ ,.,„.,.,.r ,ip i„ jii,. ti„,,. ^vi„,„ it IMI lo i>ieri'8,or\™ KWallowr.l up 1,_\ ||,„ ,.,„.,,,,|,.i|i„„. ,i,j,.^ „, ,jj,, ^,^^, ^^,. ].',i„,]y It ^^,.,^ possilde-atliwtt wa« \i'ry rrrriiily— i,Mlistii,u„,.sl, sum,, ol'ih,. old enihanknieiits oi'the I'ort, nolwitlislanl' "'^ ' "■ ''"' "';'' " i> ii"\v l(p soinr .'xt-'nt eoven-d hy houses and li'ard.'us. One ot'ikt '"■ ''"'''''l>i'iMiiu' riii,.> ,,r ihr Doiiiiiiiou has spmny-' up around it, aeroidiu!,' axitb ^''•"'V.-d a'ul di>upp,,iiv,i. (Iivat ships, IVei^dited with th« meirhaudis,' ,d' fvcvyki v!"'.!"""'"" ^^ '''''" " '"^^ -''"''^^ *'' '*"' *"•'*'* ^^''"''''* th*' fl''»r-tl«'-li« ">"■'• lloatnliiilk' Cv'\"-'''''r 1 '' ti'' •''"^' "' '' '''"' l"''"'^""''' <'<>mes down the River St. John and pasM'Stlf ImV^ ''r /.ll '''' t''"'"'i-^ \^li<' "lev saw in Fort LaTour one of the means l.y whiiliwl la.V or^^V. i'.'" '"*•''"' .'""'"'' ''"' '"''' "'' '''■"'"'•'• The old and more pivloitious sotttl I'Ml' l'iT--^ '"• " " '''"^' " "'"■'" lowii ; Louisbur«- is a nien^ sheep pasture ; bnt iiioniill ■Al'n, /iir.!''^i, ,r. '!•'''"'■!•'''' '' ^"" •'''''>■ '■''>'• ♦•' illustrate th(' wisdom of the old advfimOT ■ ''' ""'"t whi(di was, under favourable auspices, to liTOWiiukfj ■"^ ll^urishinifcoiinimnity. The old pioneers who orn'oowiwdl '•'^lury w.,i. .,■,■>! !„ ,i„, ,,,,1,1,. ^^ j,,,j|j jjj^.^.j. i^j.^. jj^^ forgott.Mi by tlu'bu*y| Iti-^l.r, r,v,rT-'?^'." ■'"' ''''•""■'"'- i" 111" walks of eommerco above Freurh graven '■"•' ■-'"!■ urn.' iaior, 1.,v 'dl' r.lVuU;', ,1 enlj-rprioi-o ■ \\ul„i\v i.„ iitl,..,l.T.l.s |„ l,„„so or IniuLs, ^ 'i> Que])ir and Montreal were towns of > onsiderabkl iiiil.oHiuir,.. aiul til,. Kno-li.li ' ■" ''''• !>i>d Montreal were towns ol ronsiaiWj I'i 111" liuddlr or II,.. ].~^ ',',', ' " """'" ^^■'''■" '■'l'i to Ih.. n.n,jd faiiii oitlio i" """""'^ ''^' ''"■ I5''n in the courNc of a few monlhN euHued a weries of hoHti- lew l)et\veen the Frencli and tlie l!;n<,''liHh, hut the liiiiil rcHult was the deNlruclion of the jlauc of UeauhaHsin and the capture of Ueausejour, which wiis tlien named i'\)rt Cum- tlund — a name which has Hiju^' heen ffiven to a hui^e and prosperous county, the hirth- eo of Sir Charh^s Tuppor. With tho history of every French fort in Acadia the name some liimous Frenchman is intimately associated, The heroism and perseverance of iPoiitrincourt and LuTour throw a halo of romance around the early annals of Acadia. \e name of LeLoutre, for some years one of the French missionaries, can never ]..\ gotten in any sketch of t\u\ history of Boauhassin and IVausejour. His enemies (crihe him — and no man in Acadia had more enemies amoni>" the British — as a compound craft and cruelty, and it is quite certain that ho haled the Fn<>'lish and resorted to kry means, whether fair or foul, to prevent their successful settlenu'iit of Acadia. That leath his black robe beac the courageous heart of a soldier, the, followini>: incident of siege of Beausejour shows full well : — When the comnuuidant, Vergor, was almost Iven to despair by the perils that threatened him, LeLoutre alone appears to have ^served that composure which, to do him justice, ncv<*r deserted him in tho hour of iger ; and the day after, he walked on the ramparts, smoking his pipe, and urging tho ^n to renewed exertions, though the bullets whisthid all around him. It is truly said It, had the spirit of the habitans been always equal to that of their priests, Beausejour ^uld not have fallen as soon as it did. The country around the old forts presents a charming < ombination of pastoral and kter scenery. Here too is a large expanse of marsh-laud, whore some of the fattest cattle Lmerica find a l)onnteous pastun;, and the farmers grow rich in the course of a few lirs. The lands(>ape presents a vast sea of verdure, relieved by the Cobequid mountains [the distance, by glimpses of tho sea, by clusters of whito houses, and by placid rivers lich wind through a country where nature has boon most lavish in its gifts. No traces remain of Fort Lawrence ; a little cottage is said to stand on its exact site ; but we still see ruins of Fort Cumberland, a short distance oil", across the stream. It is in the Ipe of a pentagon, or fort of five bastions, which once mounted thirty or forty guns of (e calibre. We can see the remains of tho old barracks, and tho cannon which did rice for both tho French and English in the old times. The casemates wore very Butly in a good state of preservation, for they were made of solid l)ri;30;," HAJUTFAX. H.S. '.fStjt^-i 78 .T. G. BOITRINOT ON On a fivc-siono slab iioar the silo of Fort Moncton — the namo afterwards gi von to Fort Gasix'ivau, which had been erected by the French at Bay Verte so as to coiniiuind the Avliole list himis— can still be seen a rudely chiseled and not very grammatical iiis.ription, which recalls th(^ perilous times of Acadia :— "Here lies the body of Sergeant Madcay, and ein-ht men killed and scalped by th,-. Indians, in bringing firewood, Feb. 26th, 17:.."). " This ibrtilication contained an acre of gronnd and was well Imilt. The ancient tnrnpiko and causeway across a tract of marsh, as well as the contour of the walls, can be asccvlaiuod witliout dilliculty by the curious toiirist. The enterprising city of Moncton, an iuiiwtaut station of the Intercolonial Kailway, is named after the captor of the Gasiwreau lort. Now we must leave the peninsula of Acadia and turn our attention for a few niomonts to He Ivoyale, or Cape Breton. The cape from which the Island takes its name is a largo l)()int of land jutting out into the Atlantic. Cai)e Breton, while occupied by l''nuicc, was hiulily valued as an entrepot for the shipping engaged in the French, Canadian niul Wost India trade, as well as for the large ileets which have been fishing in North A uierican waters (>ver sine;' the iJasque and Breton sailors discovered the value of the llsheries, So important did the I'rench consider the position of the Island — a sentinel, as it were, at the approaches of the River St. Lawrence — that they erected a formidable fortress on one of the noblest harbours of its Atlantic coast, to which they gave the name of Loiiisl)iirg, in honour of Louis Quiuze. The harbour ol Louisburg, which is two miles in length and half a mile in hreadth, with a depth of three to six lathouis, communicates with the open ocein by a ilianuol, only half a mile in l.'nglh and one-third of a mile in width, the average depth of water beni'i- ;->ven lalhoms. The u-reat facility of acc(>ss from the ocean was probably one of the pviu' iinil Te:i-'jii< why ibis liurlMmr was chosen in preference to others which are larger and otherwise pvel'rvalile. .\i«i.in;i> liiuu' the harboitr from the eastward, more than a hundred year.-, a'ju. ih" stranu'er could see the city surrounded by massive walls bristlini-- with camum. Siandiiea' out like ^culri-s in advance of the fortress are three small rocky islands pn.iertino' ilir hai l.oui IVoiii the swdl of the Atlantic. Upon one of those, call'ed Goat Island, ili.ic wa'^ a l.aiicvy inouniiiiL;' ihirly :2S-pounder gims. On the north-west shore, duNvily la, iiitr the cniraiir,. „[ ih,. Iiarlx.ur, stood the Grand or lioyal Battery, armed with twenty-eiu-hi l2-i.ouudris and t wo is-pound(M- a'uns. This bittery completely covered the cntranrr ol Hi., havlvju.v a- i-s mu„s rould rake the decks of any ship attempting to force the p,,.se^.., 'I'll,, u>\\u ii- If \m,s situated upon the promontory lying betwcn the south shore or the h.vhoiire.ud the se;,. aiul occupied, including the walls, an irre-uhu' (lUadtiLler.u ave. ,,1 loo ,■,•■<. The xv.lls or defen.rs were constrm-ted according to the ii'.-^t sysMu or the . eleb.aied I'r, iirli eiiuia,,,.,.. V;mban. All the authorities agree that in ' 1'' ''ii-caii ul the w,.l!s tie re were eiul»rasuics for 148 guns, thoiurh they differ widely, i''spc..|r„o.,h, .Muub.rol'nuH. ;,.iuallyioount,..l. The most prominent buildiu"' within th \\:.liS \V;(v . r ., " '^'""*' ^"•ii''l'iree„U,.,l ihe ciiadel. standing in the gorge of the kind's ^'vio„. wti. a taeai „,.xt the ,own, The .,,„ran..e ,o the citadel wa.s over a drawbridge, ' ■' '4'^''"l-i")n... on oue ..ule and advatieed sentinels on the other. Within the citadel vhich'lmT"^ T ^ .-"'""""■• ^""^"'^^ ''^^ 'li'' garrison, an arsenal, and a s can still be seen in Nova Scotia whose foundations are made of stone brought from tlu^ Fren<'h iortress a century ago. Some lishing huts now >.taud on the site of the old city, whilst a few coal vessels or lisliing boats are the only tenants of the harbour where the Canadian and West Indian fleets anchored in old times. It is very easy uow-a-days, with the assistance; of a map and a guide, always to be louiul on the spot, to trace the lines of the old fortiiications and the .site of the principal huildinu's. The most jn-ominent objects among the ruins are .some bomb-proof casemates, which serv(! as a shelter for cattle iu stormy weather. The roofs are t-overi'd with stalac- tih's of the colour of oyster shells — at least that was the cas,. when the writer last visited the place. The guide is sure to otfer you a drink out of the well said to have lieldimed to the governor's mansion. 'fhe battery on the islet at the eutran.'e of the Jiarbour has long sinie yielded to the .■n.narhmonts of the waves, and no signs now remain of the hulls of the French frigates thai were sunk during the second siege, and the ribs of which were plainly vi.sibh" on aclnidaynot many years sin.'c. The visitor can always purchase relics of the days of lb.' i-ronch regime-old locks, keys, gun-barrels, shells, f -r iustanc— as they are being conMantly dug up from the cellars or washed ashore by the \vaves. In the .'ourse ot a te\v suiMuiers ago a Boston tourist discovered an interesting memorial whi.h is now m an American Museum, like most of the relics which have been found m A-adia. This relic .^oi.Msts of a wroughMron bar, an inch and a half in diameter, nearly tour teet long. all. hod at one end to an iron joint, with stron- altachments to fit m.IuI .stone masonry. Xe.r the hook end of the bar is fastened a cdrain consisting of several stro.ig hnks which led to a lock which ha.l also been attached to the masonry. The chain wa. still last in t!v. lock when it was discovered. Every part of the stmctuiv was made in the strongest ni .iner, capable of great resistance, and weighed some hundred pounds. Although some- 1 ,;, r.oUKlNOT ON SOME OLD FOETS BY THE SEA. 80 , ,1 Miih ruM, its shnpi< was as porfcot as it was the day it was ina.],., This r l-'.'viri'i'iilv Ik'Iuii-hI ioiIk' Qulvus Crato, near the eastern or sea-eud of tho a; ills of *''*^ 'A's',h,'t!'!niM M.ua> ui...n the brow of the ruined ramparts and surveys lli.. i„vsout ./',r'l.a'ili»ai'". 1- ' >-i"uiot fail io be deeply impressed by the intense lourli!,...v> and r^'lV' ')rihe ^'Vi.o The routour of the g-rass-covered walls is boldly ouilin,.!, and frin''r,"seninle< look like so many blaek ovens rising out of the green liel,].. To the ,1 " t' h-the. ih" o,v;ni- loihe north rise the eliils from whieh the iijithouse Ih herihrth il^'h^'aeen of warnui- from eve to day-break. The land towards ih. nuerior iJ?ou nul eoveved ^^ iih M small growth of lirs, while the houses are small a.ul .attored, KhIv 1.. the Hiunii.e.' and laf in the afternoon the harbour present an animated speetarle, .,; the lishm"-l.oai< of whieh there is a large number, dart merrily through,],,, water; ;,., „ „„,„ Ota sunnnev-s .lav. unless there are vess.ds in port, the s.vne ts tn,.x,.,vssibly on .b- The tinkle ..f a eow-bell. or the ery of the rirelmg gull, alone startl.'S the l.-nelmoss ', ■ ,,^,„„.,, |„,,,.,„, , ,u,. .houu'hts naturally lly ba<'k to a .'entury ago, when a stately ..ii/ni lortiliea.ion. and latildiugs stood on that low. green point now only e„ve,ed by a Lv o,a.s-e,nered nnM.iuls ,o tell the stovy of the past. Port Itoyal, LaTonv au.l B.au- se,oirwe.e hn, eomparativelv insignilieant torts, while Louisburg was for y^'ars une of "i]L strongest Ibrtiiied towns in Anu'riea ; but all are now alike in their desolaUun and """Nothinu but histuvie tradition n'mains of the old buildings in whieh the iMe.uhmau ■jfthe last eentnry talkrd with his .■omrades— ••(il's;illi.'s ami ivtii-iiiL'. (if tn-nclu's, tents, (M'lKilisa.lr-, t'lniitiiTs, paraiH'ts ; ( If lia-il!>ks iifrannmi. culveriii, ( H' iiiisiiucrs, raiisMiu..', nl' soli tiers slam, Aii.l all thr I'unvnts dflieaily lli:_'lit." o„ ,h..nilievMd('nr,hc harlxnir is the terminus of a narrow-guage railway whieh ,.nnu,-is will, !h.. inwnnf Sydin^y. Th.' aetion of the u-overnment, during tle^ pivseiit M-sio,, (.r l'av!iai„.-,l. in uivin- a suh.sidy to a railway from the strait of Caiiso to Louis- 1,11,-, „ Sm1ii-\. will 111 all pioKabilily assist in ])ni)ging about a great .dianuv iti the R.i-imes "' 'his -■•Mun ..t the Doniiniuii. Th.- harbour of Louisburg is one of the most ;„.,.,.>.n,l,. Mil the \ilanii.',nasl ,.t th.- Doniiiiioii, for a vessel can rea.di its sln-lier in a v,..\ i-..u .:iine.!..s ii.,nnle-(>'.-an. whih- it is r.-markably clear of i.v duriiiu' the winter. 1 , •! \,\< ' ■;>•• iha, '•! ih" i-'MUsi i; .. ; .^ 11 -■';.. [\i<'.>i,\ m1 I he iihl tuwii in..r.- than ti .-entury ago of a v.-vv lew y.-ars, Louisburg will have enteied on a iu.uv than r.-aliz.-, under Canadian auspie.-s, th.- i.lea of 30 J. C. r.orKlNOT ON SOME OLD FORTS BY THE SEA. whal \v;i^l''il '.\iili i"^'' '*•" "'^"1^'' "''^^ "''' P'^''^^'^"^ '^^ ^* ^^''^^ *^*^ ^^'^^y i* was miul^. This loclo'vianiilv iK'loim-.Hl i.^ilu" (JiuHMi's Crate, near the eastern or sea-end of tli.' ,v; ills of llu> roriili'aii'iii As ihr tciiii.M MiUids upon Iho brow of the ruined ramparts and surveys tli- pivsoiit nspvt nrL.aii>i)ii!U'. 1^' cannot fail to be deeply impressed by the intense loii(.lii,..,ss mul desoiaiiou dI'iIu' n eiie. Th>' .onlouv of the grass-covered walls is boldly euilmrd, and tlu' lar-v iictrhcs ili.^ o.vaii : to the north rise the clill's from which the iiuhlhouse Hashes loilh ii> l..'a'"ii "1' waruiim- from eve to day-break. The land towards thr interior is hnv and c(.\riv(l witli a small growth of lirs, while the hoiises are small and .-.altered. IviiK ill tiic iiniiniiiu' ami late in the afternoon the harbour present an animated sp,rtarle, iislhc iishiiiu-lMiats. of which there is a large numbuM-, dart merrily through ih- water; hut at iincm cla suiuiii.'i's day. unless there are vessels in port, the scene is incxpres.sihly louelv. The tinkh' ola cow-l)ell. or the cry of the circling gull, alone starth'sthe h.iieliness of thi' niiiifd lortivss. Our thoughts naturally lly ])ack to a century ago, whm a stately pile ol Idvtili'aiiciis and huihlinu's stood on that low, green point now only c.ivnvd hy a lew ii-iass-covrivd iiiciiiids lo tell tlic slovy of the past. Port Koyal, LaTour and Ikvu- sejcur were l)iil eonipaiatively insi-i'iiihcaut forts, while Louisburu' was for yen is uue of the sliungost iuitilied towns in America; but all ar(> now^ alike in their desoliiii,,n and mill. Noihiiiii hut histdiie tradition remains of the old buildings in which the I'leiuhmau ■jfthe last eeiiiury talked witli his comrades— '■ I lt's;lllil■^ aii4 rclirinir. el' trendies, tents, OI'i.;ilis:icic>, IVdnticrs, ]iarai«'ts ; t il'liiisiiiislis (if cannini, eulveriii, OI'|>risoiH'i>, r:ui>Miiis, of sulditMs slain, .\ii.l all the eurivuis iifiieaily tliu'lit." ( )n ihi' I'lliev vid,. nl'ijie h;irl)our is the terminus of a narrow-guage railway which eiinneeis with til'' tiiwn nf S\(liiey. The action of the n'overnment, durinn' the present >e-viMii u[' I'iirhaiihMt. in giving n subsidy to a railway from the strait of Caiisu in Louis- l)uru- iir S\dii.\. w ill in all pndiabilily assist in bringing about a great chaiitie in the leriuuev "! I'li- - ■!iun .•! tin' l)Mminiiiii. The harbour of Louisl)urg is oin; of the most aer,.>.-il.l.. Ml] t|;,. \i!:iMiie c.asi cil the Dnmiiiioii, for a vessel can reach its shelter in a ver\ 'evi i:iii.n!..x 1],, III ill,. ,,.|. an, while it is remarkably clear oficedurinu' tin' winter, h^'i I'ltle' I'Mirse oi'a very few years, Louisburg will have enteied on a ■• h'- \ ind will iiiur.' ihaii realize, under Canadian auspices, the idi'a of • : '':•' !u!'.>;il .1 the dhl tow u uiore than a century ago. 1 11,1 .t... 1 ,