IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
{^/
A
%
I/.
i/.
^
.<$>
1.0
I.I
1.25
Ui|2 8
12.5
22
1^ lllllio
1.8
1-4 ill 1.6
V]
^
sfm
A
7
M
Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, NY. 14580
(716) 872-4503
<>
CIHM/ICMH
Microfiche
Series.
CiHM/ICIVIH
Collection de
microfiches.
Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions
Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques
1980
Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques
The Institute has attempted to obtain the best
original copy available for filming. Features of this
copy which may be bibliographically unique,
which may alter any of the images in the
reproduction, or which may significantly change
the usual method of filming, are checked below.
D
D
Coloured covers/
Couverture de couleur
I I Covers damaged/
Couverture endommagde
Covers restored and/or laminated/
Couverture restaurde et/ou pellicul6e
I I Cover title missing/
Le titre de couverture manque
L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire
qu'il lui a M possible de se procurer. Les details
de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du
point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier
une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une
modification dans la m6thode normale de filmage
sont indiqu6s ci-dessous.
□ Coloured pages/
Pages de couleur
□ Pages damaged/
Pages endommagies
n Pages restored and/or laminated/
Pages restaurdes et/ou pelltcul6es
r~yf Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/
1 I Pages d6color6es, tachetdes ou piqu6es
D
D
D
Coloured maps/
Cartes gdographiques en couleur
Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bieue ou noire)
Coloured plates and/or illustrations/
Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur
□Pages detached/
Pages d^tachdes
□ Showthrough/
Transparence
□ Quality of print varies/
Qualit^ indgale de I'impression
n
Bound with other material/
Reli6 avec d'autres documents
□ Includes supplementary material/
Comprend du materiel supplementaire
n
n
Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion
along interior margin/
La reliure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de !a
distortion le long de la marge intirieure
Blank leaves added during restoration may
appear within the text. Whenever possible, these
have been omitted from filming/
II se peut que certaines pagus blanches ajoutdes
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte,
mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont
pas 4t6 filmdes.
D
D
Only edition available/
Seule Edition disponibie
Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to
ensure the best possible image/
Les pages totalement ou partiellement
obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure,
etc., ont 6t6 film6es d nouveau de fapon d
obtenir 1'^ meilleure Image possible.
□
Additional comments:/
Commentaires suppl6mentaires;
This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/
Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous.
10X
14X
18X
22X
26X
30X
i
y
1
12X
16X
20X
24X
28X
»
32X
The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks
to the generosity of:
Douglas Library
Queen's University
L'exemplaire film* fut reproduit grAce A la
ginArosit* de:
Douglas Library
Queen's University
The images appearing here are the best quality
possible considering the condition and legibility
of the original copy and in keeping with the
filming contract specifications.
Les images suivantes ont At6 reproduites avec le
plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et
de la nettet6 de l'exemplaire film6, et en
conformity avec les conditions du contrat de
filmage.
Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed
beginning with the front cover and ending on
the last page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, and ending on the last page with a printed
or illustrated impression.
Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprim6e sont fiimAs en commen^ant
par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la
dernlAre page qui comporte une emprainte
d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par la second
plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires
originaux sont filmis en commen^ant par la
premiere page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par
la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.
The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol -^ (meaning "CON-
TINUED "I, or the symbol V (meaning "END "),
whichever applies.
Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la
derniire image de cheque microfiche, selon le
cas: le symbole — »> signifie "A SUIVRE", le
symbols V signifie "FiN".
Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too lerge to be
bntirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:
Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre
film^s A des taux de reduction diffdrents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre
reproduit en un seul clichA, il est film6 d partir
de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droits,
et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre
d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants
illustrent la mAthode.
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7H4
^R♦■I)rint♦>d from Bulletin No. VI. of the Naiurnl Ilislory SooU-ty of New Drunswick.)
MARINE ALG.E OF THE MARITIME rilOVINCES.
O, U. HAY. I'll. n.
Last year I published in the Bulletin a partial list of the
marine algae of the Bay of Fundy, amounting to thirty-three
species. During the season of 1880, through the kindness of
Professor Macoun, Government Botanist, and Mr. Robert
Chalmers, of the Geological Survey, I was permitted to
accompany the latter gentleman on a canoe trip which he
made in July last, along the coasts of Caraquet and Tracadie,
and around the islands of Shippegan and Miscou. Later in
the season I visited Grand Manan, examining the alga' of
Dark Harbor, Southern Head and other points. On propos-
ing to Mr. MacKay, of Pictou Academy, to make this list
include the marine algic flora of the Maritime Provinces, that
gentleman heartily resi)onded, and has sent me not only the
result of his own observations, but a record of those plants
collected on the Nova Scotia shore by Dr. Harvey and des-
cribed in his " Nereis Boreali-Americana," together with some
observations made by Dr. Jeans, of Prince Edward Island,
and contributed to Dr. Harvey's work. To these may be
added a short list i)ublished in 1879 by Professor Fowler, of
Queen's University, in his addenda to the New Brunswick
flora, and these are referred to in the subjoined list. A col-
lection of marine alga? made by the late Professor 0. Fred.
Hartt on the shores of the Bay of Fundy has just been placed
in my hands, but too late to have the results of his investiga-
tions incorporated. It is, no doubt, the earliest collection of
New Brunswick algae.
Both Mr. MacKay and myself have been too busy with
regular work to give much more than a passing notice to this
UiVJ'^S
branch of our flora. Our aim has been to gather up the
knowledge that has been attained of our marine forms of
vegetation, and incorporate it in the form that follows, hoping
tliat it will serve as a guide to the more careful study in
future of these interesting plants.
I desire to express my obligation to Mr. J. E. Humphrey
and Dr. W. G. Farlow of Karvard University for their deter-
mination of critical species.
St. John, March, 1887.
Introductory List of the Marine Alqje of the Mari-
time Provin( Es, with Notes, by G. U. Hay, Ph. B.,
Saint John, and A. H, MAt Kay, B. A., B. Sc, F. S.
Sc, Principal of Pictou Academy, N. S.
OHDKIl I.— CKYPTOPHVCE,*:.
1. ChitlirocysUs roseo-persicina, Cohn. On mud in brackish pond,
Pictou harlmur, Mac Kay, on decaying alffjf along sliore of Gulf
of St. Lawrence, Haif.
2. O.scillaria subtorulosa, {Br§b). On floating balls of Poli/siphonia,
in Pictou harbour, JfarKai/.
!{. Lyngl»ya nmjuscula, Ilarv. Pictou harbour, MacKay.
4. L. lestuarii, Liebm. In brackish pond, Pictou harbour, MacKay.
OKBER II.— ZOOSPORE.*:.
T). Ulva lactuca. (Linn.) Lc Jolis, Pictou harbour, MacKay.
(a). Var. rigida, (Ag.) Le Jolis, and
(i). Var. actuca, Le Jolis, are common in tide pools along the
southern coast of New Brunswick, Hay.
(c). Var. latissima, Le Jolis, Richibucto River, Fowler. Common
in brackish waters along the whole coast of New Brunswick,
Hay.
(5. U. euteromorpha, Le Jolis, also
(a). Var. lanceolata, Le Jolis, and
(A). Var. compres.sa, Le Jolis, Pictou harbour, MacKay; Frye's
Island, St. John, Hay.
(f). Var. intestinalis, Le Jolis. Very common, Richibucto River,
Fowler; St. John, Hay.
7. U. clathrata, Ag. On Zontera marina, Pictou, AfacKai/; Miscou
Island, Ifa>/.
8. U. Ilopkirkii, (McCalln) Ilarv. Pictou harlxiur, .VaiKai/.
9. Ulothrix ('ollalK.'ns, (Ag.)Tliur. ? Grand Manan, /An/.
10. Cha?toinorplia molajjoiiiuiii, (Web. & Molir.) Kutz. Halifax har-
bour, Ma'-Knii.
11. C. Pic(iuotiana, (Mont.) Kutz. Halifax, JIarvctf in N.B.Am.
12. Khizooloniiini torluo.suni, Kutz. Halifax, Harvey in X. B.-Atn.;
Sliippegan Island, T/d//.
13. Cladophora arcta, (Dillw). P. E. Island, Dr. Jeans; Halifax,
Ilarvfji; Grand Manan and Frye's Island, Haii.
14. C. lanosa, (Holh) Kutz, V'ar. uncialis, Tliuret. P. E. Island, Jcam.
Halifax, Jlarvei/.
15. ('. ruixjstris, (Linn.) Kutz. Sbippegan Island, I/ay.
Hi. C. refracta (Hotb) Arcschoug. Frye's Island, JIai/.
17. C. glaucescens, (Griff.) Harv. Halifax, Ilari'ei/; North Miscou,
18. C. flexdosa. (Griff.) Harv. Miscou Island, Jfat/.
19. C. gracilis, (GrilT.) Kutz. Frye's Island, J fay.
20. Phyllitis fascia, Kutz. Halifax, Harvey.
21. Scytosiphon lonicntarius, Ag. Halifax, MacKa;/; Frye's Island,
Caraquet, Grand Manan, Hay
22. Punctaria latifolia, Grcv. Halifax, Harvey. Var. zostenc, Le Jolis.
Mouth of Pictou harbour, }facKny; Halifax, Harvey.
255. P. plantaginea, (Uotb) Grev. P. E. Island, Jcnna.
24. Desinarestia aculcata, Lam.x. Pictou, MacKay; Kouchibouguac
Bay, Fou'ler.
25. D. viridis, Lam.x., Halifax, llai-vey Frye's Island, Grand Manan,
Miscou, Hay.
26. Dictyosiphon fwuiculaceus, Grev, Pictou, Macluiy, This species
has been found growing as regular branches from a stem formed
of the filiform frond of Vhordaria Jfaydliformh, at Pictoii,
in such a manner that the whole appeared to be but one
plant. The conundrum was — how can the microscopic section
of the branch show the structure of Didyosiphou, while that of
the stem shows with equal distinctness the structure of Vhordaria;
Further examination, of course, demonstrated the character of the
interesting union. Frye's Island, Grand Manan, Miscou, Iliy;
Kouchibouguac Bay, Fowler.
27. Ectocarpus tomentosus, (IIuds.)Lyngb. P. E. Island, Jtam.
28. E. confervoides, (Roth) Le Jolis. P. E. Island, Jeaun. Var.
siliculosus, Kjellman. Pictou, MacKay; Frje's Island, Caraquet,
Miscou, Hay.
29. E, littoralis, Lyngb. Pictou, MacKay; Grand Manan, Miscou
Shippegan, Hay.
80.
:n.
;32.
88.
ys.
30.
87.
8H.
30.
40.
E. fftsciculfttus, Ilarv. Cnraciuet Bay, //»///.
E. bmchintiis, Ilnrv. P. E. iNlniul, ./m»M.
E (?) (A still undefined Kpcrics).
Sliipprgan Island.
41.
4a.
43.
I/ay.
ElachistcH fucicola, Fries. Pictou, AfacKay; Halifax, I/arvei/;
Fiye's Island, ^Miseou, Grand Munan, //«//.
Lcathesia dilTormis, (Linn.) Areachoug. IIalifa.\, Jlantri/.
Chordariii fUgelliforniis, Ag. Pictou, MavKivi; Halifax, Hamoj;
Frye's Island, Caraquet, Haji.
Mesogloia divaricata, Kutz. Pictou, MacKay: Frye's Island,
Hay.
M. vermifularis, Ag. Halifax, Ilarvcy.
Custagnea Zostene (.Molir.) Tliurct. Halifax, Harvey.
Chorda filum, Linn. Pictou, Mach'ay; Frye's Island, Gulf Shore,
Fowler, JIay.
Laminaria longicruris, Dc la Pyl. Halifax, Mneh'ay and Harvey.
Stipes three or four yards long have Iwen observed. Prof.
Lawson, of Dalhousie College, says that on taking charge of
chemistry on his arrival at Halifax he could get uo rubber tubing
in the city. While his order was coming he used the hollow
stipes of this sea-weed, which is always cast up in abundance on
the Halifax coast, and found it to answer splendidly for the con-
duction of gas. — Mai'Kny. A specimen of this plant thrown on
the Caraquet beach measur'^d seventeen feet in length, and the
widest part of the blade from two to three feet wide. But in the
masses of sea- weed thrown on the southern shores of Shippegan
and Miscou still larger specimens were observed. One measured
twenty-eight feet, while the stipe of another which was all
that could be pulled from the debris, measured fifteen feet.
This species makes up the great portion of the laminarite grow-
ing along the gulf shore of New Brunswick. It is distinguished
by its hollow stipe. Around Grand Manan and the southern
coast of New JJrunswick the forms of laminariic are far more
variable and confusing, the two following species (L. saccharina
and L. digitata) being most abundant.— 7/c///.
L. saccharina, (Linn.) Lam.x.? Pictou, MacKay; Halifax, Prof.
Lawson; Frye's Island, Grand Manan, Hay; Gulf St. Lawrence^
Fov'ler.
L. digitata, Lam.x. Pictou, MacKay; Halifax, Harvey, Imwsou;
Grand Manan, Hay. (The stipes of this species are used by
surgical instrument makers in the manufacture of sponge-
tents.)
Saccorhiza derraatodea, De la Pyl. Halifax, Harvey; Grand
Manan, Hay.
44.
ir».
Agnrum Turneri, Post, and Hnpr. ITalifnx, MiuKaiiJlameii, Taiwmv;
Oraiul >ranan and Fryc's Island, //<«//.
Alaria t'scidcnta, Grov. Halifax, .\fnrKnii, llnrveti^ l.<vn»>n; fJrand
Manan, //««/. (This species is nsed as fcntd in S<;olland and
Ireland, where it is called hadder locks, henware, nmrlins,—
and also in Iceland, but it is not eaten with us — Dr. Farluw).
OUDEK III.— OOHPOHK.K.
•in. Ascophyllum nodosum, Le Jolis. Pictou, .Warh'nn; Halifax,
MacKaif and J/arvei/; very common on soiithern coast of New
lininswick, //«»/, Fuwlrr.
47. Fucus vesiculosus, L. Piclou and Halifax, A/urKnit; Halifax,
llarrn/. The varieties of this species are very abundant be-
tween tide marks on the southern shores of New Hriuiswick,
//'«//; Gulf shore, FowUr.
48. F. serratus, L. Pictoii, Fovlrr; Pictou and Pictou Island,
MncKa>i. Not found elsewhere in N. E. America.
49. F. evanescens, Ag. Frj'e's Isliind, Grand >[anan, /A».v.
50. F. furcatus, Ag. Growing on the low. Hat shores northwest si<le
of Miscou Island, beyond low water mark. /A*//.
h\. Vaucheria (?) Pictou, .l/f/tA'»///.
OHDKK IV. — KI.OIIIDK.K.
52. Porphyra laciniata, Ag. Piclou, Mach'ai/; Halifax, /fni>'r>/; Fryc's
Island and Grand Manan, //«//.
.'»;>. Biuigia fusco-purpurea, Lyngb. Halifax, llanuii,
h\, Callilhamnion Kothil, Tiyngb. Halifax, Ilnrvfi/,
.■)"), C. Pylaisa'i, Mont. Southern Head, (irand Manan, washed a.-lion;
in great abundance at the biiseof the clilTs, //iv/.
r>(J, 0. Aniericanum, Harv. P. K. Isljuid, ■fruua; Halifax, Ilan'fi/,
57, C. corymbosiuii, Lyngb. Halifax, Unrvcu.
5H. Plilota elegans, IJonnem. P. E. Lsland, .Aow.v.
5J). P. scrrata, Knt/. Halifax, Ilnrvfy; Grand Manan, Frye's Island,
Shippegan, Han,
()0. Ceramium rubrum, Ag, Very abundant. Pictou and Halifax,
MacKoji; Frye's Island, Shippegan, Hnii; Kouchibouguac IJay,
Fowler. Var, proliferum, Ag. Little Shippegan Hay, //"//.
61. C. circinnatum, Kutz. Liitle Shippegan Bay, Ilaij.
62. (). lenuissimum, (Lyngb.) Ag. Pictou, MarKn;/.
63. Ilalosaccion ramentaceum, (L.) Ag. Halifax, Mach'ai/; Frye's
Island, Half,
64. Phyllophora Brodiiei, Ag. Halifax, Harwti.
65. Ahnfeldtia plicata, Fries. Pictou and Halifax, MacKay; Caraquet,
Frye's Island, Hay; Gulf St. Lawrence, Fowler.
66. Cystoclonium purpurasccns, Kutz. Halifax, MacKay; Migcoii
iHlund, Half.
67. CliondruH criKpus, (Linn.) Stuck. Pictou and Halifax, MacKnn;
Mcogone Island, Frye's Island, //a//; Gulf of St Lawrence,
Findtr.
68. Kliodymcnia palmata, (Linn.) Grev. Pictou and Halifax, MacKay.
Very abundant on the Gulf shore and southern coast of New
Brunswick, Fowler, J/ay. (This and C/iondrtu vri*pfiH form the
the only sea-weeds on our couHts collected for edible pur-
poses. Chovifrwi criitpii» (Irish moss) yields a gelatine that is
nutritious as food, anrl on the coasts of Ireland and Scotland
helps to lengthen out the food supply in times of scarcity. IVtody-
menia jtalmata (dulse) is largely exported from St. John and other
ports in the Bay of Fundy to the United States and Upper Pro-
vinces. About fifty tons were exported from St. John last
season, with probably an ecfual amount from all the other ports
on both sides of the Bay. At Dark Harbour, Grand Manan, in
August last, I found the fishermen to the number of forty or
tifty, engaged in gathering dulse of very tine quality, for export.
As the season occurred during a slack time in Ashing, this new
industry was found to be very profitable, the dulse selling from
three to Ave cents a pound. It is eaten, says Dr. Farlow, by
sailors and the Irish population of sea-port towns; but others
appear to be cultivating a taste for it. It possesses anthelmintic
properties.
Khodopbyllis veprecula, J. Ag. Halifax, Harvey; Grand Manan.
Hay.
Euthora cristata, J. Ag. Halifax, Harvey; Grand Manan, Hay,
Polyide.s rotundus, Grev. Pictou and Halifax, MacKay.
Delesseria sinuosa, Lam.x. Halifax, Harvey; Frye's Island,
Miscou, Hay,
I), alata, Lam.x., Vwi. angustissima, Harv. Very abundant
on south side of Miscou and Shippegan Islands where it is cast
ashore with the larger sea-weeds. Hay.
Gracillaria multipartita, J. Ag. Pictou, MacKay; Kouchibouguac
Bay, Fowler.
Odonthalia deiitata, Lyngb. Halifax, Harvey. Pictou, MacKay
Kouchibouguac Bay, Fonder, Shippegan and Miscou, Hay. Not
reported south of the Maritime Provinces.
76. Uhodcniela subfusca, Ag. Halifax, MacKay; Frye's Island,
Grand Manan, Miscou, Hay, Var. gracilior, J. Ag. Kouchibou-
guac Bay, Fotcler.
77. Polysiphonia urceolata, (Dillw.) Grev. Halifax, Harvey; P. E.
Island, Jeans; Pictou, MacKay; Miscou and Shippegan, Hay.
Var, formosa, Ag. P. E. Island, Jeam,
m,
70.
71.
73.
73.
74.
75.
78.
79.
Ml.
H2.
83.
84.
P. Olneyi, Harv. Plctou and Halifax, ifacKatf,
P. Ilarveyl. Bailey (?) Pictou, Mtwh'aff.
P. flbrillosa, Grev. North Miscou, Ha;/.
P. violaccip, Grev. Halifax. Harvey; P. E. iHlauil, Jeaw:
Pictou, MacKaii; Koiichiltouguac Buy, Fowler. Common ulonff
the whole coast New Brunswick, Hai/.
P. nigrescc'us, Grey. Halifax, Han'ei/; P. K. Islund, Jean»;
Pictou, MacKnii. Vur. fucoides, Ag. Caracjuet heach, Miscou
gully, Hail.
P. fastigiata, Grev. Pictou and Halifax, MncKaij; Frye's Island,
Hay.
Corallina olHcinalis, L. Halifax, Harvey. Common on southern
and eastern coasts of New Brunswick, and usually found on
shells thrown ashore by the waves, Fuwhr. Hay.