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«o 
 
 A tJ<n^nf 4*\ n.mtrttrci-t'i.f.it. 
 
PEACTICAL SUGGESTIONS 
 
 AS TO 
 
 INSTRUCTION IN FARMING 
 
 IN THE 
 
 UNITED STATES AND CANADA. 
 
 ^^ 
 
 I: 
 
 I 
 
 
 ..Jiijt^o, 
 
l;iV 
 
 Printed by Letts, Son & Co., Limited, London, 
 
 :^ 
 
PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS 
 
 A.S TO 
 
 INSTRUCTION IN FARMING 
 
 IN THE 
 
 UNITED STATES AND CANADA. 
 
 A Self-supporting Occupation and Opening in Life for 
 
 Gentlemen's Sons. 
 
 Young gentlemen desiring to learn American agriculture 
 
 thoroughly, Tzitli a view to commencing work on farms of 
 
 their own, when they have gained sufficient experience, 
 
 can be placed with carefully-chosen farmers in ihe best 
 
 districts either of the Western or Southern States, or 
 
 Canada, where they will receive board and residence in 
 
 addition to monthly pay, so that from the commencement 
 
 they can bo self-supporting and start successfully. Tho 
 
 system requires on the part of the pupil tho same attention 
 
 to the farm and actual labour as tho owner of the farm 
 
 and his sons are accustomed to bestow upon it, and almost 
 
 anyone who has thus learned farming, can engage in it 
 
 profitably on his own account, either by the purchase 
 
 of land for cash, or on time payments extending over a 
 
 term of years ; or again, by joining the farmer he is 
 
 a2 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 
placed -with, or some of his English companions ; or hy 
 taking a farm on the share syt em, a plan commonly 
 adopted in the States; or by acquiring 160 acres free- 
 hold, and free of cost, under the Homestead Act. In 
 either of the last two methods he can, if it is necessary, 
 commence with little or no capital beyond that which 
 he may save out of his earnings, and though the 
 ]3rogress then will be vilower at first, it is the way in 
 which many, and in some districts the majority, of 
 Western American farmers begin. 
 
 The farmers selected to receive young men are chiefly 
 those cultivating from 1 60 to 600 acres as mixed grain 
 and stock farms, which are the size and description most 
 general in the States ; and as it would probably be on farms 
 of this acreage that the majority of those going out would 
 commence for themselves, it is unquestionably better for 
 them to gain their experience in this manner than on 
 larger farms ; those, however, who desire to learn on 
 larger farms, and can afterwards command the capital 
 necessary to start and carry them on, can be suitably 
 placed for that purpose, though the advice in all cases is 
 that they should comm. nee in the smaller way. 
 
 To those who prefer an active out-of-door life to the 
 sedentary occupation of an office, or who seek, but are 
 unable to find, an opening in England which will permit 
 them to earn an income and maintain themselves, this 
 occupation must specially commend itself ; for the life is 
 a manly, honest, self-reliant, and healthy one, and a sub- 
 stantial living can be thd result. 
 
 But whilst it offers an assured future to those who will 
 acquire habits of industry, and are content to live soberly 
 
5 
 
 and economically, it is not desired to suj^gest chango to 
 such a8 have already settled occupations here, or to cans'; 
 the slightest feeling of disappointment to those who go by 
 any highly- coloured representations of the life. 
 
 Experience has shown that the best and proper way to 
 start is by learning the business thoroughly at the outset 
 in the manner hero suggested, and without the aid of 
 capital. Capital is of little or no use without experience, 
 or, at any rate a fair knowledge of farming. Of course, 
 where capital is wanting, progress will be slower at first, 
 but whilst on the one hand there are many who have 
 started without money and are yet prosperous, there are 
 many more, especially among the English, who, after 
 beginning farming with considerable capital, have lost it 
 for lack of industry and experience. 
 
 The course here advocated is, that tlu^ learner should 
 go out with a view to live and work precisely as the 
 farmers themselves, their sons, and their men do, because 
 the proj)er plan for anyone who intends to engage in 
 farming is first to acquire this practical knowledge and 
 experience, even if he has, or sliould hereafter have, the 
 command of capital ; and it is the only way in which those 
 starting without capital, or with only a moderate amount, 
 can become successful. 
 
 As to the work to be learned, it is the custom for 
 farmers, especially in Canada and the "Western States, to 
 do the work themselves with but little hired help, and it 
 is necessary, therefore, for a pupil not to bo above 
 learning to labour with his hands. Personal labour is 
 not considered in the least derogatory in America, and as 
 hired labour is generally expensive, especially at busy 
 
6 
 
 seasons of the year, such as harvest, it is customary for 
 a farmer to exchange work with his neighbour ; the new 
 settler, therefore, stands at a disadvantage, if, through 
 being unable or unwilling to work, he is compelled to 
 liire labour, or if his two days' time are only worth his 
 neighbour's one day. 
 
 Those, therefore, who do not propose to learn farming 
 by actively helping with the daily work, but wish to idle 
 about towns, or only to ride about and overlook others, 
 are not recommended to go under this system; for, 
 though they might honestly believe they were doing all 
 that was necessary for their future success, they would 
 eventually find they had been acquiring only habits of 
 idleness, never becoming thoroughly independent, but 
 making constant demands for money on their friends ut 
 home, and permanently prejudicing their prospects. 
 
 This plain view of the matter is expressed in the 
 interest only of the pupil and his friends. We are far 
 from painting a success to be acquired w .thout labour, or 
 advocating a system under which we could easily, if so 
 desired, place young men with farmers or other residents, 
 who would be willing to receive them on moderate annual 
 payments without expecting their help or exertions. 
 
 Nor can a residence with English gentlemen be 
 recommended to those who go out to really learn farming, 
 for though there are English families settled in various 
 districts in comfortable homes, they are usually officers or 
 other gentlemen who, having but recently gone, are only 
 themselves learning American larming, and are, therefore, 
 not qualified to teach it; these gentlemen, moreover, 
 usually require high terms as payment for board and 
 
residonce, however long the pupil may remain (often as 
 much as £100 a year), and usually give no wages; so 
 that the young men neither become self-supporting, nor 
 are taught as an American farmer who has begun without 
 money and made his own way would bo able to teach 
 them; and unless they have acquired the kuowlodgo of 
 detail and habits of work and steadiness which a practical 
 training gives, they will not be likely to succeed on farms 
 of their own ; it is not only knowing how to do the work, 
 but the habit of actually doing it which is so necessary 
 for their success when they start for themselves. 
 
 As to the country or district to bo selected, there is no 
 doubt that the States otier greater advantages than, most 
 of the English Colonies ; not only are Australia and New 
 Zealand far distant and the cost of the journey very great, 
 but it now requires considerable capital to succeed in 
 these colonies; the Cape has few advantages, and the 
 constant diiliculties with the natives cause considerable 
 objection to settlement there. 
 
 In reference to the most desirable parts for settlement, 
 the Standard, in commenting upon recent emigration 
 statistics, says: — 
 
 *' When we glance at the direction taken by the human flood 
 which in June poured out of the Mersey, we find as usual that the 
 great Republic obtained the greatest share of the fertilizing overflow 
 of the Old Continent. Of these 26,688 people, 22,565 were bound 
 for the United States, 3,837 for Canada, 40 for Australia, 173 for 
 South America, and 31 for Africa, by which may be understood the 
 Cape and Natal. . . It may be therefore said in general terms 
 that last month's emigrants went entirely to the United States and 
 Canada. . . The great distances of the South African and 
 Australian colonies arc a drawback to their settlement. With the 
 exception of New Zealand and of Tasmania, in a less degree, they 
 present but small attractions to the tiller of the soil." 
 
8 
 
 The district hitherto chiefly selected hy this agency 
 has been that of Southern Minnesota and Upper Iowa, u 
 country exceptionally healthy. The climate is hotter in 
 summer and colder in winter tlian in England, hut the 
 seasons aro very oujoyahle, the atmosphere is clear, dry, 
 and bracing, and no rain falls during the winter months, 
 which are much more healthy than in England. 
 
 The same characteristics of temperature, soil, and 
 elimato are also found in Southern Wisconsin and 
 Northern Illinois, to which places wo are now also sending 
 pupils, and the farm-houses aro usually better than in tho 
 lirst-named districts. Tho best parts of Canada also offer 
 an excellent field for learniui^ farming, probably better 
 than any of tho Prairie States do, though the prairies give 
 better opportunities for buying or starting a farm. Wo 
 have selected therefore the province of Ontario, as being 
 one 01 the best districts in Canada, and eminently suited 
 for those who desire to gain a thorough knowledge of 
 American farming, and yet wisli to remain subject to 
 English laws. Many enquirers may prefer the milder 
 winter climate and more equal seasons of some of the 
 Southern States, and these wo are placing in the 
 well-known blue grass region of Kentucky, where the 
 farms are large, and the homes more attractive than in 
 the north. A training at any of the stations provided 
 by us for pupils, qualifies them for settling in any j)art of 
 the United States, Manitoba, or Canada where free lands 
 are to be had, and their judgment in selecting a favour- 
 able locality for operations will be much assisted by the 
 experience gained in their course of tuition. 
 
 The farm-houses in all of the Western distri are 
 
usually unpretontious, smaller tlian in Enfiland, and not 
 adornod with gardens : the living also is worse than that 
 which young nioii well hruught up horo have Ixcu 
 accustomed to, especially in the mode of cooking, which is 
 very indifferent, hut there is every wliero what may bo 
 termed a rough ahuudauce. 
 
 Tlie people arc orderly, sober, honest, aud steady , and 
 the farmers, who liave heeu carefully stilected to receive 
 the pupils, are among the Lest and most respected in the 
 community, and will in each case do all in their power to 
 make those they receive comfortable, provided they are 
 industrious and stead3\ 
 
 Usually only one pupil will be placed on a farm, 
 never more than two ; and in every instance a separate 
 bed-room is stijiulated for, uidess expressly stated to tlio 
 contrary : some of the farmers Avish to take two, but 
 though the companionship of another young Englishman 
 might be very agreeable, it is not onsidered to their 
 ultimate advantage to be together. They will be metro 
 under the influence of the farmer and more interested in 
 their work when on separate farms. 
 
 The cost of clothes and necessary expenditure need not 
 exceed £10 a year, and can be provided out of their pay. 
 Young men going out inexperienced would not at first bo 
 worth more than their board, but in the agreement made 
 in advance with the farmers it is stij^ulatcd that they 
 shall receive from £1 to £2 a month, in addition to board 
 and residence, for the first twelve months or more, 
 according to age and ability ; after that time they are 
 worth more to the farmer, and can in some cases earn as 
 much as £4 a month throughout the year, if they arc 
 
10 
 
 strong, capable, and industrious ; but having by this time 
 acquired self-reliance and experience in the business, they 
 would be able, and preltr, to bargain on their own 
 account, until they are ready to start on a farm of their own. 
 
 A probation of from one to three j-ears is sufficient to 
 confer such a thorough knowledge of the business as will 
 qualify them to start on their own account, with a good 
 prospect of success. 
 
 In coi'roboration of the viewo which have been 
 advanced in this and previous editions of this pamphlet, 
 respecting the necessity for some such probationary time 
 being spent on an American farm before any investment 
 of capital is made, the following extract is given from a 
 speech by Mr. J. Walter, M.P. for Berkshire, and of the 
 Times newspaper, who, in saying that he — 
 
 " Had some experience of the emigration of English farmers to 
 Amei'ica .... believed it would be greatly to their advantage 
 and would materially advance their object if they would serve a very 
 few years of apprenticeship before they entered upon their career as 
 
 farmers To succeed as an emigrant farmer there should 
 
 be at first, on one side or other of the Atlantic, an apprenticeship so 
 to say to the business." 
 
 In a subsequent speech Mr. Walter says : — 
 
 "I am firmly persuaded that America will become more a field 
 of enterprise to thousands of English gentlemen, farmers, and other 
 
 class of people Before the close of next century there 
 
 will bo a population of 200 millions in the United States, and what 
 I wish if that more Englishmen would go out there." 
 
 The work required from those who go is hard, but 
 beneficial to the health, and there is plenty of recreation ; 
 for at certain seasons of the year, especially in Canada or 
 
I 
 
 11 
 
 the West, there is littlo to be clone on the farm, and much 
 
 time is then pleasantly spent in social enjoyments ; sport > 
 
 also is plentiful. 
 
 As to the profits to be derived from farming; the 
 occupation should afford an income comparatively free 
 from anxiety, sufficient for every need, for the maintenance 
 of a family and a provision for the future : — and further, 
 it may be stated that there are many cases in which 
 farmers in some of the States referred to commenced 
 without capital and have realized from £10,000 to 
 £20,000, or more, from farming : this residt is exceptional ; 
 it is, however, by no moans exceptional io see well-to-do 
 and thriving farmers who came into the country originally 
 without any money at all. The advantages of superior 
 education which most young Englishmen have received 
 will, if they show equal industry with their American 
 p'^ighbours, ensure their becoming influential and 
 respected members of the community, progress being 
 much more rapid, and openings for advancement, both in 
 agricultural and commercial life, much more numerous in 
 America than in England. The author of *^To Day in 
 ixmerica " says : — |, 
 
 " Life in America must have special charms for young English- 
 men who have to make their way in the world." 
 
 The total outlay necessary for entering on an American 
 
 farm in the manner here indicated, under these auspices 
 
 is : — For premium, in Canada, £60 ; in the "Western 
 
 States, £70 ; and in the Southern States, £80 ; beyond 
 
 which there is no charge whatever, cither annual or other- j . 
 
 wise, and the only other outlay is for the cost of the * 
 
 journey, and such outfit as may be taken. 1| 
 
 B 2 ' 
 
 . 
 
12 
 
 This premium covers the amount paid to the f ai'uier as 
 well as the agency here, and also the payment to the local 
 agents who receive and place on suitable farms those who 
 go, and who continue, from time to time, to advi^s them 
 and see to their welfare ; the proportion due to the farmer 
 is iu each case specified in the agi'eement and receipt, and 
 this amount is paid to him by our agent when the contract 
 is signed, after a month's trial has elapsed, and the pupil 
 has signified his satisfaction with the way he is placed ; 
 this precaution being taken so that if any change of farm 
 is necessary it can be the more readily made. 
 
 The question may arise in the readei's mind why 
 should any premium be paid? It is undoubtedly true 
 that young men can seek, and probably obtain temporary 
 employment for themselves without paying any premium 
 for being properly directed where to go, and for being 
 provided with a settled home on their arrival; but the 
 attempt has been found dangerous unless they have friends 
 to whom they can apply, and then of course the services 
 of a responsible agent are not necessary. It is very 
 difficult for a young man without advice, in the States, to 
 ascertain the best spot for his purposes; he would 
 probably hang about large cities where employment is as 
 difficult to find as it is in England, or if he should settle 
 upon some country district he must lodge in hotels, and 
 when successful in finding employment, it might be with 
 unsuitable comrades, or undesirable acquaintances; and 
 even if the consequences were not demoralizing, the diffi- 
 culties to be endured would be very considerable. Of 
 course, when experienced in farm life, it would be easy 
 enough to find suitable places, but it is at the commence- 
 
13 
 
 
 ment that help and guidance are of so much value ; and 
 experience shows that parents are safer in paying a 
 premium to ensure suitable positions, for a certain term, 
 on the arrival of their sons, than in sending them out in 
 a haphazard manner to seek homes for themselves. 
 
 It should bo understood also that the interest this 
 agency takes in those who go out in this way does not 
 cease upon their settlement on suitable forms; and it 
 wishes to be kei^t informed of their progress, and to lend 
 them every advice and assistance. Their first few months 
 on a farm is probably the most trying time of all, and 
 they are particularly desired, as soon as possible after 
 arrival, to write their views, fully and fi-eely, about the 
 living and tho work, to assist our judgment, and to show 
 whether the best arrangements under the circumstances 
 have been made ; so that if for any reason a change seems 
 necessary (as will sometimes happen even where the 
 greatest care has been taken in selection), it may be made 
 without delay, under proper instructions, and before the 
 contract is closed with the farmer. In any case of doubt 
 or difficulty, the pupil should at once seek and follow the 
 advice of our local agents, and should write immediately 
 to this office. Where any change is made without con- 
 sulting with the agent or ourselves, we cannot undertake 
 to be responsible for the result, although at all times, and 
 under all circumstances, the best thing possible in the 
 interest of the pupil wiU be done. Our interest in his 
 weKare is identical with his own; we endeavour to 
 take every precaution against dissatisfaction or failure 
 and any further modification or safeguard suggested by 
 experience will at once be adopted. 
 
 |: 
 
14 
 
 It is desirable that all who propose to settle in America 
 fhould thoroughly understand what the life is like. A 
 proper understanding of what they may expect has much 
 to do with the result of the undertaking. Some are sure 
 to say the hardships and differences in living are greater 
 than they anticipated, and others similarly circumstanced 
 will declare that the life is by no means so rough as they 
 expected ; all settlers will not meet with the same success^ 
 all will not be equally contented. Some, after a thorough 
 trial, may not like the occupation or be fitted for it, but to 
 these, openings in commercial life may present themselves, 
 for such opportunities are more numerous there than in 
 England. Others may not do well, from circumstances 
 over which the agent who places them can have no control, 
 and some few will be of a class who would not succeed 
 anywhere. For the last, the kindest thing their friends 
 can do is to leave them fairly started, entirely dependent 
 on their own exertions, and not to be continually sending 
 them money from home ; for no one need suffer want who 
 has ordinary bodily health ; and the steadiness which this 
 mode of life will sooner or later beget is an excellent 
 course of training. We cannot be responsible for the con- 
 sequences of irrejijular conduct ; the system here recom- 
 mended as a safe training and a valuable opening in life 
 is based upon sobriety, steadiness, and self-control. Tho 
 moral drawn by Eobinson Crusoe, from his experience, 
 will still apply that ^'the diligent lived well and com- 
 fortably, and the slothful lived hard and beggarly, and so 
 I believe, generally speaking, it is all over the world." 
 
 The cost of journey will be covered by from £18 to 
 ^26, according to distance ; it includes first-class cabin on 
 
16 
 
 the steamship, first-class railway fares in America, Pull- 
 man's sleeping cars, and the whole of the hotel and living 
 expenses. Detailed particulars of these expenses and of 
 the journey are supplied before departure, and also letters 
 of introduction, both in New York and at other points, 
 where needed on the road. 
 
 The only addition to tlio premium and the cost of the 
 journey is the outfit, which need not be large or expen- 
 sive, but shoidd consist of a sui)ply of winter underclothing, 
 and, in addition to the suits in ordinary wear, sucli worn 
 clothes as may be hardly suitable for use here, but c|uite 
 good enough for rough wear. Other clothing can be 
 bought, as and when required, from their own pay ; they 
 learn thus to take ca. 3 of their money ; it is a mistaken 
 kindness, on the part of parents or friends hero, to send 
 out additional amounts, for it only tends to promote a 
 feeling of dependence upon home instead of one of self- 
 reliance. 
 
 Proper agreements are entered into by us both with 
 the farmers and the friends of the pupils, and the fullest 
 particulars will be given on all points upon which further 
 information is desired. Whenever it is possible, a per- 
 sonal interview is most satisfactory, for the numerous 
 questions which naturally occur can then be more fully 
 answered and explained than by letter. 
 
 Reference will be given to parents whose sons have 
 gone out (many among the number being the sons of 
 clergj-men, officers, and members of county families), so 
 soon as it as has been decided that this proposed opening 
 meets the views of the enquirer. 
 
 Cheques to be crossed Messrs. Melville, Evans and 
 
 fi 
 
16 
 
 Co., 75, Lombard Street, E.G., to "wliom Bankers' refer- 
 ences may be made. Solicitors enquiring on behalf of 
 clients are referred to Messrs. Wm. and A. Eanlren Ford, 
 Solicitors, 4, South Square, Gray's Inn, London, W.C. 
 
 The subjoined letter is from Mr. Farrar, who at one 
 
 time wrote to some of the papers respecting this method 
 
 of placing out young men to learn farming in the Western 
 
 States. The correspondence which ensued was reprinted 
 
 in full in all the earlier editions of this pamphlet ; it is, 
 
 however, cmited in this issue, because the present letter 
 
 from Mr. Farrar renders its publication unnecessary. 
 
 "Dear Sik, — 
 
 " I thank you for sending me the new edition of your 
 pamphlet entitled ' Farm Pupils in America.' It appears to 
 describe Farm Life and Prospects in the West, both fully and 
 fairly, the picture certainly not being in any way overcoloured. I 
 should in fairness say this to you, because last winter I ventured to 
 express a different opinion to some of the London papers, at a time 
 when your arrangements had not the completeness and maturity which 
 they appear to possess now. The test of practical experience is, 
 undoubtedly, the best evidence in favour of your plans, and in view 
 of the satisfaction which they are found to give, it would be 
 impossible to deny their success. 
 
 " I have, as you know, always been strongly of opinion that 
 English settlers should not go out and attempt the business of 
 farming without sufficient practical training, for, if they do, that 
 course will probably lead to a loss, at any rate of some part of 
 the capital they invest. I have no doubt that a year or two's 
 training under a good practical farmer will prove the metal of the 
 young men, and their fitness for a life requiring work. If eventually 
 they do not like the occupation, they will have gained in health, 
 and have been placed in a fair way of becoming frugal and 
 industrious, while if they go through the trial successfully, any 
 capital which their friends can afterwards supply them with to 
 purchase and stock a farm will have many times the value of the 
 actual amount of money given them at the start. 
 
17 
 
 " I think your plan of sending these young men to American far- 
 mers is the only proper course. I sliould not recommend anyone to 
 go to an English settler who had himself only recently learned the 
 business of American farming, and, so far as my experience goes, 
 what arc known as Englisli Colonics in tlie States, had better be 
 avoided. 
 
 " I am, dear Sir, 
 
 " Yours faitlifully, 
 " (Signed) J. M. FARRAR, M.A., 
 
 " OJI'tciul Commistiionry ff))- Immiiirathnu Miiinmofa, and unthw 
 ,, TT T-. -. ^ "J '-'■'"'e yeuvti in Minnesata.' 
 
 "H, F. MiKARMAx, Esq., 
 
 " Loudon, )>otli Jubj, 1S81." 
 
 Tills system has been very generally commended, and 
 tiie i^amphlets describing it liave been i^repared with a 
 desire to place the matter candidly before enquirers. In 
 evidence that this object has been obtained, quotations 
 may be given from a few of the numerous letters received 
 from correspondents. A clergyman, in writing on this 
 subject, saj's : — 
 
 " I thank you for abstaining from inducing my sou to go by any 
 highly coloured representations of the life there." 
 
 Others say of this publication 
 
 " It makes a most candid statement of the facts, dealing fairly 
 with both sides of the question. There is nothing in it to lead me to 
 expect too much without activity." 
 
 As to the desirability of the life, a gentleman, resident 
 in Staffordshire, writes on February 1 1th, 1881 : 
 
 " A friend hag placed in my hands a pamphlet containing your 
 prospectus (if I may '^o term it) of an ' occupation and business for 
 gentlemen's sons.' He did so knowing the great interest I had in 
 things American, acquired during a period of sixteen years' resi- 
 dence in the States, and also for tho purpose of asking my advice in 
 the matter, in the interest of a friend of his. 
 
 
18 
 
 " I havo perused tho various documents witli much interest, and 
 your schomo has my entire approval .... and, if t.nything I 
 can say or write will induce any enterprising young man to go ont, 
 shall considoi' that I am conferring upon hiui a great favour. 
 
 " Your great difficulty, it strikes me, speaking from an English 
 standpoint, is to make them understand how the dignity of labour 
 is respected in the States . . . ." 
 
 And even whilst the correspondence was going on 
 between Mr. Farrar and myself the Editor of the Field news- 
 paper, in a note appended to one of the letters, says : 
 
 " We have no wish to interfere in a case of conflicting interest, 
 but, in justice to Mr. Shearman, it should be stated that he has laid 
 the papers and circulars referred to in his letter before us, and wo 
 have failed to see in them anything but straightforward business , 
 and evidence of considerable care on his part." 
 
 To which independent testimony nothing need be added. 
 
 OPINIONS OF THOSE WHO HAVE GONE. 
 
 It has been suggested by several correspondents that 
 a few of the written opinions of those who have gone out 
 under these auspices should be appended, so that enquirers 
 may be able at once to form an opinion upon the testimony 
 of those having actual experience of the life as to the 
 desirability of the openings here proposed. We avail 
 ourselves of this suggestion, which will serve at once to 
 place before applicants some idea of the young men's 
 opinion of the life, without requiring'at an early stage of 
 the negotiation an actual reference to parents, which we 
 do not feel at liberty to give unrestrictedly in the first 
 instance, solely because it would be trespassing unduly on 
 their kindness by asking them to engage in such ar exten- 
 sive correspondence [as [an immediate reference to them 
 would involve. 
 
19 
 
 Olio of the pupils, a member of a county family, iu a 
 
 long letter ^vritten on October 10th, 1880, states that lio id 
 
 " placed satisfactorily in every way," and says : 
 
 " Mr. and Mrs. arc as kind as possible to mc, and 1 have to 
 
 thank you again for tho pleasant place you secured for me. It is 
 much better than I over anticipated," 
 
 The farmer he is with, writes on October 9tli, 1880 : 
 
 " A is doing nicely, and seems to bo much pleased with 
 
 everything. Wo aro very much pleased -with him, and expect 
 to turn him out an A 1 farmer, should he continue with us long 
 enough." 
 
 The father of this young gentleman writes, November 
 2nd, 1880 : 
 
 *' I have had several letters from my son, in uU of which ho 
 
 expresses his satisfaction at being placed with Mr. ... I 
 
 heard from my son that he was * jolly well settled,' as ho called it. 
 * • • • I can quite understand that some of your party were 
 disappointed at the prospect of work. My son evidently likes 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. very much, and he says he is very comfortable. 
 
 and well, lodged and boarded ; ho takes a great interest in tho 
 stock, of which he has now the charge. I should add that my sou 
 says in one of his letters that his ideas of roughing it aro by no 
 means realized." 
 
 And again on the 26th April, 1881 : 
 
 " Two more of my sons are thinking of joining their brother 
 Bob in America, and have only been waituig to hoar from him 
 
 and Ml'. M definitely. Ho wrote about a fortnight since— was 
 
 very well, had been head man for three months in Mr. M 's 
 
 absence. The lutter also writes that he has been very successful 
 in his stewai'dship." 
 
 An officer's son who went out, writes on December 
 
 21st, 1880: 
 
 " • • • • Well, as regards my new home, I could not wish 
 for a more comfortable place. Both Mr. and Mrs. are exceed. 
 
20 
 
 ingly kind, and I am sure Jlr. R Ima chosen mo a very 
 
 comfortable place indeed ; and as to the work, it certainly is pretty 
 hard at first, but I am getting apriustomed to it, and, on the whole, 
 it is really much better than I ever anticipated." 
 
 His father writes, on January 20tli, 1881 : 
 
 *' Wo to-day received a long letter from , Avritton in the 
 
 highest spirits possible. To judge from its tone, ho must bo very 
 happy and comfortable, and his own words arc, ' I like the life 
 very much, and like it better ovcrj day.' Ue speaks in the highest 
 
 terms of tho kindness of Mr. and ]\Irs. , who, ho says, are 
 
 kindness itself .... I give you all these details to show you 
 that tho boy is really satisfied, and, after all tho interest and 
 kindness you have shown him, 1 know you will bo pleased." 
 
 And again, in February, tlio same gentleman writes : 
 
 " You will bo glad to hear that continues to write in the 
 
 best of spirits, and expresses himself as fully satisfied and con- 
 tented." 
 
 Another gentleman writes on tlio 24tli January, 1881, 
 respecting a relative who was one of the lirst to go out : 
 
 " I have lately heard from 
 
 when he seo-ncd well and 
 
 satisfied with the arrangements as carried out, having been placed 
 
 with a Mr, T . The work was hard as w'i» to bo expected, and 
 
 though ho has since left Mr. T and joined another farm, it was 
 
 by mutual arrangement, and he speaks liighly of that person and 
 Mrs. T 's kindness, and has great goodwill towards them both." 
 
 One, a gentleman, aged twenty-one, on his arrival, 
 writes on January 2oth, 1881 : 
 
 " I arrived hero all safe and sound after a splendid passage ; it 
 was like crossing a mill-pond; we did it under eight days from 
 Queenstown. 
 
 '* I must say this, that ever since I landed I have met with 
 nothing but kindness, everybody has been most attentive ; I like 
 Mr. R and Mr. C , what little I have seen of them so far, 
 
21 
 
 veiy nuich indeed, jMul tlicy all speak veiy highly of .Mr. V 
 
 .... I like tlio country and tho people bo far very ..'inch. I 
 
 will write you ngain and tell you how I get on with Afr V bnt 
 
 from what Mv. R , Mr. C , and Mr. X , the l,anker,'sa^ . 
 
 I feci no anxiety on that score." 
 
 Two gontlcmcn, wlioso sons are on farms, writo me a.s 
 fol^'ows : 
 
 "I write to yon to say tliat my son, in tho letters wo hnvo 
 hitherto reeeived from him, expreaae.s hiuuself well satisfied v/ith 
 tho people with whom yon have placed him, and he speaks hi^ddv 
 
 of tho attentiou.s ho has received from your agcnt.s, Mr. C and 
 
 Mr. 11 . 
 
 " You certainly took a ^roat interest in scndint? my son to a 
 
 farm like Mr. B 's, and his letter seems a very happy one. i 
 
 can only say that I am more than satisfied." 
 
 H. F. W., aged 24, writes on Mareli 2arcl, 1881 : 
 " I like the change of lifo and farming immensely. Mr, and 
 
 Mrs. are nice, kind, and homely people, and strive to do 
 
 their utmost to mako everytliing comfortable for me. 1 never 
 enjoyed better health tlian I do now. Wo are constantly having 
 people stopping hero, which makes it cheerful. Altogether 1 am 
 much pleased with everyone and everything 1 have como across 
 out here." 
 
 J. G., aged 20, writes, ALircli 20tli, 1881 : 
 "Taking everything into consideration, I like the prospect 
 
 better than I expected. Mr. D seems a very nice man, and 
 
 makes us as comfortable as possible." 
 
 G. C, an officer, writes, April 12tli, 1881 : 
 
 •* I am glad to let you know at an early daio that I think every 
 thing with my boy is progressing satisfactorily." 
 
 Dr II., in a letter dated Mavvli 31st, 1881, says : 
 " I must beg you to accept my best thanks fur your kindness 
 generally to my sons, and I am sure they very, very much appre- 
 ciate all your attentions to their wants, &c." 
 
22 
 
 n. O., ngod 27, writos on April lOtli, .1881 : 
 
 *' T Imd no troublo wlmtovcr in ffcttinj,' to W ; ovoryono you 
 
 rofcMTpd mo to -was as obliixitiff as jiossiblo. Mr. C I particularly 
 
 liko, ntul Mr. R is a vory pond fellow .... I will tell you 
 
 what, T think of tho ppoplo and tlio life ; in tho lirst ])1aco, tlio houso 
 in ('xccptionally Rood, and tho ])coplo aro vi'ry clean and homely, 
 und muko mo very coinfortahlo." 
 
 A lady, whoso son, L. E. C, agoti 17, sailed in March, 
 writes, May 2nd, 1881 : 
 
 " This morninpf 1 rprcivcd a letter from my pon, who, I am plad 
 to pay, in thoron}?hly happy and sntisiied with cvorythinj^. Ho 
 iii with Mr. (J , and my boy says I cannot think how nice ho is." 
 
 L. E. C, ar^od 17, writes on the 30tli April, 1881 : 
 
 " In somo respects the life is not so roncjh as F anticipated, 
 becanso I cx])eetcd to he in a location where it would bo much 
 
 roupflier and not much civilization .... ]\Ir. (I is very 
 
 considerate and nico .... Ili:"> wife is also very nice and 
 kind. I think be thoroutrhly undrrstands farminp: and is f|uito 
 competent in teaching it .... I am exti'cmely happy and 
 
 do not wish for a better place .... Uoth Mr. II and 
 
 3Ir. C have been exceedingly kind, and did all in their power to 
 
 make us comfortable." 
 
 A gentleman in jSIanpliester writes on May otli, 1881, 
 giving extracts from the letter of a relative who went ont, 
 and says : 
 
 "I may add tnat Mr. Ci writes in the best of spirits, and is 
 
 perfectly satisfied iii all respects, and bis friends are tho same. 
 This is a somre of great gratilication to me, as I was the means of 
 
 Mr. Tr going oiit, and of course felt some degree of anxiety as 
 
 to tho result. I shall now ha% e no hesitation whatever in strongly 
 urging any young men ayIio apply to me to go out under your 
 auspices." 
 
2;i 
 
 Mrs. L. A. writes, Jiiuo I Itli, 1H81 : 
 
 " t liavo this nioniiiif,' received a very ciiccrfiil lottcr IVom my 
 son • . • . Ho wishes mo to tell you he thinks lie Ims !i v.Tv 
 goodi-vtl, .... Ho quito thinks ho shall pot on well when 
 moro iicc.:stomo(l to tho work, and has no wisli to ivturu to 
 England." 
 
 T. G. E. writes on Juno 27tJi, 18S1, iv.si)ecting liis 
 Lrotlu'r: 
 
 '•That ho is happy, rontcntod, and woll, may \m trathcivd from 
 Iho i'ollowing extract:— . . . . «r can t,.)! yoii 1 am v.^y 
 miicli fatt(n' since I left En,:,dand ; I <l,.i,'i think you would know mo, 
 boin,t,' so fat and brown. 1 like the i)]aco very much. I like my 
 
 l)lac(' awfully, and should adviso G to como out. I liavo s.>(>n a 
 
 lot of our follows since T hav(! l)c{«ii Ikmv, :ind tin-y all s(.eiii t(. 
 likjit.'" 
 
 A gontlonijiii, wli<> scut out lils son s(jiuo time a"-() 
 pa}-s in a recent lottor : 
 
 "I fully aoTeo with you that it would be very injudicious and a 
 rasli proceodin.u- on the part rf any youn,L< man to ^'o out. on his 
 'own hook' as it. were, and Lake his chance at (iudint-- a domicih? 
 without the introducticm and «,'iuu'dianship of an ag(>ncy. f did that 
 myself to an Kn^Iisli coloTiy some thiity years ago and failed." 
 
 Mrs.E.JJ writes, on July 1 Itli, Lssi, rcspuctinghor 
 
 son : 
 
 "He is very happy and lakes to tlio life; and work .... 
 'i'lie life just suits him, 1 tleuk, and 1 am mucli ol)li'_;-(?d I'or all your 
 trouble.'' 
 
 Tlio following arc extracts from a I dler rc.'coiveil in 
 
 July, ISSl, from a j\Ir. 0. E . il-') years old. who lias 
 
 gouo out as a farm piqiil: 
 
 "Jiift a line tu say [ am jjctiint,' on very well hot'O. T should 
 have written before, but really I liave had no time, and anoilier 
 thiug 1 wanted to give myself a fair trial before passimc rny (;[)iniou 
 about Lliis country .... 1 like it very aiucli indeed. The 
 
24 
 
 people are very nice, but their manners anil customs are Romowliat 
 different to ours in England ; however, I am getting used to them 
 now . . , . I have got a very good place. I like these people 
 
 very much and they seem very well pleased with me. Mr. R 1 think 
 
 a very nice man, indeed ; he has taken a great deal of trouble wi*^^h 
 ns, biit he seems to take a great interest in us and does every- 
 thing that he can for our benefit .... I must say I am very 
 well satisfied with my berth and have no desire to go home again. 
 I consider j ou have done and caused to be done everything in your 
 power to make me comfortable and happy. I am as comfortable as 
 though I were at home. I do almost as I like, I get plenty of riding 
 and shooting ; in fact it seems like a new life altogether to what I 
 have been used to. You are quite at liberty to make any use you 
 like of my letter. I have written home in the same manner as this, 
 and you may refer anyone to my brother ; you have his address, and 
 I .am sure ». j will have very great pleasure in recommending any- 
 one to come out here from what I have said." 
 
 Mrs. E. S. B. wi'ites on July 2GtIi, 1881 : 
 
 " I have just heard from my son, who says : — * I have been here 
 now six weeks and like my life very much ; it is hard work, but the 
 people all round are very kind to me, and take as much thought for 
 
 me as if T belonged to them. P and I go to church every 
 
 Sunday, and dine in the town with one fairaly or another, all of 
 whom give us a hearty welcome. I am allowed to take any horse 
 I like out of the stable to ride in my leisure time. The other day 
 
 J P and I went for 3^ hours fishing and caught between 
 
 200 and 300 fish." 
 
 You can make any use you like of this extract. I shall be most 
 happy to answer any questions that may be wished answered by 
 anyone proposing to go out under your auspices." 
 
 Among tlie more recent letters may bo quoted the 
 .following: — 
 
 Mrs. S. A.. 7th October, 1881 : 
 
 " My son writes very cheerfully and is quite comfortable in his 
 new home." >■ - 
 
25 
 
 C. W. E., 14th September, 1881 : 
 
 "I have been at the above address neailj six weeks. I like tlio 
 folks very much, and intend to stay." 
 
 E. P., 14tli August, 1881: 
 
 "We 1x6 as happy here and as well cared for as we can possibly 
 wish, and never did wo expect to be so happy when wc left dear old 
 England ; but wo are as happy as if we were at home." 
 
 W. F. (undated) : 
 
 "I am very much contented with the very nice place you have 
 
 got me .... I am quite contented with Mr. C and his 
 
 family, and I am quite happy here." 
 
 E. F., 2ud July, 1881 : 
 
 *' The soil here is certainly first-rate, but farmers do not seem to 
 raise half such good wheat crops as I should have expected they 
 would. If a man raises about 16 bushels an aero he thinks he has 
 done pretty well. I shall take a farm of my own next year, and see 
 if I cannot get a little better acreage." 
 
 W. T. S. H. (undated) : 
 
 " I am now settled in my new home, which is a very jolly one, 
 and I hope that all the others have as good a one." 
 
 E. Y., 28tli October, 1881 : 
 
 ^ " I beg to tender my best thanks for the trouble you have taken 
 with my nephew." 
 
 J. E., Gth August, 1881 
 
 •' I have t- 3 letters now from my son, who has been placed with 
 
 a farmer named N of M , and he seems very well satisfied 
 
 so far. Will you kindly accept my thanks and convey the same to 
 
 Mr. E when you write, for the interest you have both taken in 
 
 the matter." 
 
26 
 
 Mrs. M. P., 30tli August, 1881: 
 
 "I have just received a letter from my son . , , . I am 
 anxioas that you should know at once how happy and comfortable 
 
 he is settled, with a very kind farmer in D. C. He says . . . . 
 
 * I have been awfully lucky to get on such a nice farm .... 
 The farmer and his wife are extremely nice. They are awfully 
 good and kind, and very clean .... I shall write and thank 
 
 Mr. S for having arranged everything for me so satisfactorily, 
 
 and tell him how happy and comfortable I am.' " 
 
 E. S. B., 4tlx November, 1881 : 
 
 " The account of my son is most pleasing and must, I am sure^ 
 be very satisfactory to you also, I am most thankful that he is 
 giving and receiving so much satisfaction. He always writes in 
 the best of spirits ; only in his last letter he says — * This is the 
 joUiest life it is possible for any fellow to lead.' ' ' 
 
 One gentleman whose son returned home without 
 giving farming a trial, writes : — 
 
 " I am glad to think that after all, everything has been done by 
 your Company which could have been expected .... I was 
 very sorry to find he had given up so suddenly and returned home 
 quite without my knowledge or consent .... he ought to 
 have remained the year instead of returning so soon * ... I 
 much regret all the trouble that has been caused." 
 
 G. D. W., 9th November, 1881: 
 
 " I am very sorry my son did not do better .... I have 
 always considered your plans and transactions most straight, 
 forward." 
 
 Mrs. J. H., 9th November, 1881: 
 
 " I cannot express the gratitude I feel to your agents in America 
 for their trouble with my son, and I am exceedingly rejoiced to find 
 he has listened to them and been induced to go to work again, and 
 I trust he has made up his mind to be contented." 
 
Mrs. S. A , November Tth, 1881, writing respect- 
 ing her son, says : — 
 
 " He always writes cheerfully himself, and seems to like Mr. 
 N very much." 
 
 W. E., 7th November, 1881. 
 
 " So far the an-angements made with you have been most satis- 
 factorily carried out, and no difficulty has arisen on any one point, 
 and I beg to express my great satisfaction in having been able to 
 
 place E where he may acquire a thorough knowledge of American 
 
 farming, and an introduction to a now mode of life, and to thank 
 you for the interest you have taken in the matter." 
 
 Mrs. M. p. wTites, 8th November, 1881, saying that her 
 
 son 
 
 "Writes most cheerfully and is as happy as possible, and likes 
 
 his life very much, he speaks most highly of Mr. C and their 
 
 attention and kindness to him." 
 
 The following extracts are from a few of the letters 
 written by pupils to our local agents after being about a 
 month on their farms ; they are inserted to illustrate the care 
 ialien to ensure the selection of a satisfactory farm and 
 comfortable home, a transfer being readily made for any 
 just reason before the contract with the farmer is finally 
 closed. 
 
 W. H., 20th August, 1881: 
 
 " I hereby authorise you to settle contract with Mr. G. H- 
 being satisfied with the farm I have been placed upon." 
 
 A. E. K., and J. F. K., 6th August, 1881 : 
 
 *' I am satisfied with ruy place and home, and have agreed to 
 receive five dollars for the first three months, and ten dollars for 
 the other nine months." 
 
28 
 
 A. M., 6tli August, 1881 : 
 
 " I am glad to say I am quite happy and contented. Whenever 
 
 ^^- ^' ^« ready, would you and he settle. Thanking you for 
 
 your kindness and trouble." 
 
 C. W. E., and C. AV., 24th September, 1881 : 
 "We are perfectly satisfied to settle with Messrs. D- 
 
 - ^^. ^ -and 
 
 C , as agreed with you to-day on the terms we have stipulated." 
 
 S. J. P., 7th August, 1881 : 
 
 "I wrote to retoindyou that I shall have been hero with Mr. 
 
 S a month next Saturday, and to inform you that I have decided 
 
 to stop, and Mr. S agrees to keep mo here for the next twelve 
 
 months." 
 
 n. M., 30th, 1881 : 
 
 "Just a lino to let you know that I am now willing to abide by 
 the contract you usually make with the farmer by whom we are 
 employed. With kind regards." 
 
 "W. A., 16th September, 1881 : 
 
 " I shall have been here four weeks to-morrow, and as I am very 
 comfortable, I shall bo glad if you will make the agreement for me 
 to stay twelve months." 
 
 E. P. C. 16th August, 1881: 
 
 "I am quite satisfied with Mr. C , and you may, with safety 
 
 send him the premium. I have told him I am satisfied, and that I 
 have written to you to say so." 
 
 W. T. S. H., 11th August, 1881 : 
 
 "I have settled to remain with Mr. F , after having spent 
 
 very happy month. 
 
29 
 
 In regard to the cadvantages offered by some of tlie 
 Southern States, the following are q^ioted from recent 
 official communications : 
 
 The Commissioner of Agriculture of the State of North 
 Carolina writes, 17th August, 1881 : 
 
 " I am instructed by His Excellency, Governor Jarvis, to express 
 his cordial approbation of the scheme unfolded in your letter ; he 
 regards it as one at once practical in its nature, and in its design 
 calculated to accomplish great good. The Governor thinks that a 
 young Englishman can nowhere in the Continent find a better theatre 
 for a useful career .... With reference to the tone and 
 popular feeling here with regard to labour and the estimate in which 
 it is held, I beg to draw your attention to an address of our 
 Governor, delivered at Randolph Macon College, in June last, as the 
 utterance of one of the great practical intellects of our State 
 one who by position and talents is its proper exponent, it will have 
 for you a just significance." 
 
 The Director of the Geological Survey of Kentucky 
 writes as follows, regarding this system, 3rd September, 
 1881 : 
 
 " I believe you have the right plan, and that much loss and 
 disappointment wiJl be avoided by young Englishmen who will 
 come to this country and remain at work on a farm before investing. 
 I believe that Kentucky offers peculiar advantages for putting in 
 practice such a work. In Central Kentucky the farm-houses are 
 larger and better than I have seen elsewhere in America, the 
 farmers are very intelligent and are celebrated for their good living. 
 Agriculture is also more diversified, and the farm-student can here 
 learn all kinds of farming, and also stock breeding from the most 
 intelligent breeders in America . . . .• One of our United 
 States Senators came to Kentucky a poor Scotch lad, and went 
 on a farm at ten dollars per month. I will take pleasure in 
 co-operating with you in yom' good work." 
 
30 
 
 The Hon. John S. Williams, United States Senator 
 for Kentucky, Tsrites as follows : 
 
 United States Senate Chamber, 
 
 Washington, October 13th, 1881. 
 Henry Franklin Shearman, Esq., 
 
 "Dear Sir, 
 
 ** I think well of your plan of introducing into Kentucky 
 young Englishmen who wish to learn American modes of business. 
 I think Kentucky the most desirable of all the States of the Union 
 for the better class of English Emigrants. The Kentuckians aro 
 nearly all decended from English ancestors, and have still strongly 
 marked traits of English character. There is a striking re- 
 semblance between the blue-grass region of Kentucky and some of 
 the best portions of England. 
 
 As an agricultural and stock raising country, Kentucky has no 
 equal on the American Continent. The other States all come to 
 Kentucky for their fine horses and cattle. Not an American horse 
 has won a race in England that did not come from Kentucky. The 
 soil is of surprising fertility, and the climate so mild that men may 
 work on our farms every day in the year. Geological survey shews 
 that Kentucky has more coal and iron than the whole of Great 
 Britain. The farmers of Kentucky, as you must have observed are 
 superior to those of any other State of our Union. Kentucky is the 
 only State where the rich and educated people reside upon and cul . 
 tivate their own farms. I am a farmer myself and produce tobacco 
 wheat, Indian com, sheep, and short horn cattle ; and within the 
 last year have sold from off a farm of 1,200 acres 32,000 dollars 
 worth of products, without touching a short horn, and this without 
 any artificial manure. I usually get 100 bushels of Indian corn, 35 
 bushels of wheat, 75 bushels of oats, and 1,500 lbs. of White Burley 
 tobacco to the acre. 
 
 I sold a few weeks since my last year's crop of tobacco at a 
 price which averaged me 300 dollars to the acre. I gave the tenants 
 one half for their work, which left me 150 dollars clear rent to the 
 acre, Our climate is healthy, and nowhere in the world is animal 
 life, both in man and the lower animals to be found in a more 
 vigorous and perfect existence than in Kentucky. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 JOHN S. WILLIAMS. 
 
31 
 
 "Kentucky Gbological Survey and Bureau of Immigration 
 "John K. Procter, Director. ' 
 
 "Frankfort, Kentucky, 
 "Dear SIRS. "October lotb, 1881. 
 
 "I am instructed by His Excellency, The Governor of 
 Kentucky, to inform you that the plans of the Awerican Coloni-a. 
 Hon Company of London, England, proposed and submitted by you 
 meet with his warm approval, and that he will co-operate with you 
 m your endeavours to send young men to this State. He believes 
 that the geographical position of Kentucky, its salubrity of climate 
 fertility of soil, and great undeveloped wealth in coal, iron, and 
 timbers, make it a most desirable field for the introduction of foreign 
 labour and capital. To persons seeking pleasant homes or remunera- 
 tive investments in this State ho extends a cordial invitation, with 
 the assurance of a warm welcome. As Director of the Geological 
 Survey and Bureau of Immigration I beg to assure you of my hearty 
 co-operation, and will spare no efforts necessary to aid in furtherance 
 of your plans. " Eespcctfully yours, 
 
 JOHN E. PROCTER, 
 
 " State Geologist. 
 " Approved,— LUKE V. BLACKBURN, Governor of Kentucky.' 
 
 Visitors may see at an interview any of the letters 
 quoted in this jiamphlet, as well as numerous others on 
 the same subject ; the fullest enquiry is invited into the 
 working of the system. 
 
 Solicitors may refer in the first instance to Messrs. 
 Wm. and A. Eanken Ford, No. 4, South Square, Gray's 
 Inn, London ; and Bankers to Messrs. Melville, Evans & 
 Co., 75, Lombard Street, E.G. 
 
 FiFTn Edition.— Decembee, 1881. 
 
 H. F. SHEAEMAN & Co., 
 
 AMERICAN COLONIZATION COMPANY, 
 
 21, Finsbury Pavement, London, E.C.