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■ 1

IMMIGRATION.

' . , X ■ ■

A. FEW NOTES ON THE SUBJECT, 'v

BY A COUNTRY PARSON.

There is no subject of more vital im-
portance to the well being and very dura-
tion of the . new Dominion, than that of
immigration, and yet scarcely any other
question appears to excite so little atten-
tion among our public men, or to be treat-
ed with so much indifiference. Even in
England far greater interest appears to be
felt in the matter than among ourselves.
Late numbers of the Telegraph, the Stan-
dard, Lloyd's Weekly, and various coun-
try papers that have come under my no-
tice, have had editorials bearing upon the
advantages of Canada as a home for their
surplus population, and also valuable com-
munications from our agent, Mr. Dixon, in
answer to various inquiries.

In one of the Slandardf there is an
editorial urging that a portion of the " Pea-
body" donation should be devoted to the
settlement of a few thousand families on
a tract of land in this Province.

An association has been organized in
the Clcrkcnwcll district, London, under
the au.spicos of a clergyman — Mr. Hitch-
man — and I find in a late London paper
that they have epplied to the Ontario gov-
ernment for J-0,000 acres on which to
found a sottlemont. They are a very re-
spectablo clas8 of mechanics and laborer.s,
who have joined in this movement, and
Would prove a uvrat valuabh' .uldition to
our population. From advtirtiscnient.s in
Rpirllt-h n:;rors, T tlrid Mi.tc •U" -jix cmui

mittees in London, and two in Dorset and
Norfolk, engaged in the immigration move-
ment.

In the hope therefore of exciting some
little interest 'i a question of such over-
whelming importance to the future des
tiny of the new Dominion, I would now
call attention to what is done by other
countries in competing with us in the Eu-
ropean market — what has been done by
our^elve3 — and what should be done at
the present tin.e to advance our interests
in this direction.

WHAT OTHER COUNTRIES ARE DoiNQ.

From referring to English papers,
pamphlets, &c., I find that at least seven
of our sister colonies are contending vigor-
ously against our interests, four of them
giviujg free or assisted passages to farm
laborers and their families, female ser-
vants, &6. Foremost among them stands
Queensland, with first-clas.s ofilces in Lon-
don, a large staff of assistants, and an an-
nual expenditure that would put to shame
the nan-ow-mindcd parsimony that char-
acterizes the Canadian government in this
rot-poet. Tho small colony of Natal, in
East Africa, offers liberal grants of land
t^ intending settlers, while the provinces
of Now Zealand are steadily adding to
their population arospectablc moneyedclass
of settler? such iis we havq been looking
l-ir in v;iin Kvcii lIi.; lU-pnldic; of Smith

■•:::f

I-''/-:-

' r » •
* t

America, and especially those ou ihe River
Plate, have agencies established in Eng-
land aod on the continent, for the encour-
agement of emigration to the»c places, and
from the liberal way in which they are
acting, they meet with great success. Two
lines of steamers are now plying to these
southern ports from Engl&nd, and the
Brazilian government supplements the
passage money of tho^ who have but
slender means', so that

an emigrant to

Para, Rio, or any other Brazilian port,
only has to pay about $30 for passage by
steamer. Some of the very best farm
laborers in Southern English counties
havOj I perceive by an official report, gone
in those steamers to Monte Vi'Jeo.

But the efforts of all these colonies and
states are but trifling whon compared with
the exertion used by the United States.
In Great Britain they have about .'),000
agents engaged in the passenger traffic
alone. Every leading town has its consul
andassistantagent,whose chief duty it is to
exalt and magnify American advantages.
The Mormons also, it is sad to mention,
have been exceedingly successful in mak-
ine converts in England and Wales to
their demoralising doctrines, and have
shipped off thousands to New York for
Salt Lake city in charge of " elders "
Tnose who have money pay their own
way, while the young and good looking
women who have not. get advances from
the "church," which they engage to repay
on their arrival at the '' Promised Land."
Equal exertions are being made on the
continent from Lapland to Italy, and the
American Immigration returns tell their
own tale of success. These are some of
the gigantic influences against which the
Dominion has to contend, an d to combat
which so little has been done. Our au-
thorities are apparently willing to sit with
folded hands, scarcely making an effort
worthy of the name to turn the fertilising
stream upon our own ^shore. It is a fla-
grant disgrace to us that thousands upon
thousands pass through the provinces
every year, to buil4 up an antagonistic
and hostile race without an effort worthy
of the name being made to retain them.
They pass through, in the words of the
late lamented McGee, " like the march of
an invading army — leaving only the sick,
the wounded and the dead behind."'

Another influence militating ngainst us

is that alluded to ia a late Icttor ^riti*.
by Mr. A. P. McDonald, M.P. :— ~^r.

'• We Rnd that two Ihirdi of the land gj^
made by the Uoited Statei are io the hnndj^
foreigu capitaliaiR, and a large amount ofii
tlio hands of inemhers of the Houij of Con
nions in Gngland, and they become

>uda of

>nt i.
Com-

agents for the A mcricuu people lam told K
good, reliable men. that they have spent \tttl,
Buma of money in getting up maps and pam*
phleta (iescribing the lands nod having agentai'
distrihote the same through England, frelatui
and .Sr^oilaod, and they havo paid the passave of
numbers of indueutial families to the Uuiieii
Hjtates to ECttlti on tbese lands, so as to indnc*
their friendM and acquaiutancoK to follow them.**

WHAT WE HAVE DONE. *ix

But I will now go back three years to
show what puny efforts really have been
made, according to our own official ac-
counts, to direct this torrent of wealth to
our wild lands — our fisheries — our indua-
trial establishments, and to form new in. £i
dustries amongst us. ,.. %\

In 1866 Mr. William Dixon, formerlr.
of Ontario, and who had resided for three
or four years in London, and was well ac-
quainted with most parts of the British
Isles and Northern Europe, was appoint-
ed Emigration agent for Canada, with
an office in Liverpool. From a copy of*
" blue book," I find that he commeuood
operations in. March, 1866, and thai dur-
ing the first nine months of hij incum-
bency he received upwards of 85o per-
sonal applications for information coDcerD-
ing Canada, and 3,395 letters involving,
as he justly remarks, a very laborious ^qJ
varied correspondence, as he was not al-
lowed any assistance. This is a pjain,
proof that very many are willing to ask
for advice and information concerning the
advantages our country hold out to emi-
grants. Mr, Dixon writes to the Bureau,
Sept. 1, 1S66: rV

•' For the purpose of »lir riing thn attention of
Emigrnnts to Cannda, I would roHpectfuliy sug-
goit that it ia uf paramount importance that free
grants of l^.tid should be offered to intpnding bel-
ilers, and that I ehould be BUthcrized to i)<>««
warrHnis for the quaniiiy of Inwd granted to iW
appliC! nts, on receiving a cedificnte from tjiiflt
clergyinun, or local mHgistrae, vouching fir
tiieir rosporiabiiiiy with Kuch other safe guards
as may be approved of, thus offering a taiigtlb
inducement to the emigrant. "^ ,

"After diiigont and careful enquiries I fir«»»,<
ly beljevo that if our govornnient would atfbni^
the like facilities to the Da ninb, Swedish, aa4j
Nofwpgiaii oraiirr'.nts, a large and mo-t »•!••!
able addition to the farming population of <
couuiry could be secured; the previous habtti

kh "

V^'-

«f»|li6M peop'ift rcnclAriiiij t^em aingultrly well sd-

^ aptert for aetlliug in Canada. It would be niosC

'' drsirable, however, ahould our governmont ac-

/° cedo to this proposition, tlikt the |an<).i granted

•: ahuuld be of good quality and well selectod, «o

"t M to sati' fy therrit and induce otiiors of their

r' eountrymen to fol'ow. I do not think it would

. be poAyible ro socure a pornixnan^ rettlornemt

_ without offering tbem inducements somewhat

' limilar to tho above, as the ((onaral impression

:^ among th^m — so far as I can loam — 'h, that the

- Oorcrnment of the Uuited States deals more

. liberally with them than that of Canada.

"I am of opinion, from tho experience I hnve

acquircQ, thai a permanent oHict: ehau d decide-

edl; be established in London in preference to

any otiier place, for reasons which I can easily

' eiplain.

•• Specimens of grain, minerals, and other pro-
du«:ti>t on exhibition al this-oBlco for the inspect-
ion of intending emigrants, would he appreciat-
ed and tend to irnpreiB them favorahly with the
great richness of our natural resources.

* It would be very rdvaniiigeouH to our best
interest' that I should be f uppliod with cop!e« of
blue books and other publications issued by
Oovernment, to forward to edilnrs of newspa-
pers, do that a satisfactory connection might ba
maintiiincd with llieni. It would alxo prove. [
think, belief cial to the best interests of itie Pro-
vince if the Boards of Arts and Mannfactures
were placed in commuuicntion with this office,
for the purpoi-e of obtaining information, or the
transaction of any business that might require
attention in t in country. I would also sogcest
that some others ofthe Dopartments might i.ave
agency business in England which might be
conducted through thisi office

** It wou'd meet a want long aud severely
ft^lt by Canadians witlioiit friends, residing in
England, if our govt-rnmeni would permit them
(0 mnke use of the ofHce to receive lettorii, and
to obtain any information or trifling; assistance
thatthev might require,- in fact, to grant ih^m
tho privilegca enjoyed and so niucli appreciated
Hy Americans and other foreigners at th^ir Con-
nulates / it would also prevent Canadians fre-
quenting United States Consulates aud pa!<ping
aa American citizens, for the purpose of obtain-
ing mforrnalioD, nhich has been very freely ac-
corded, in many instances to my own know-
ledge. * • • ^ •

" It would also place me in personal commu-
nication with gentlemen residing in all parts of
Canada from whom 1 could derive a knowledge
of the wants of each district. It wouid be nd-
visahle 'hat I should be authorized to issuo no-
tices, that shipowuers carrying passengers from
the coutinent of Europe to Quebec should be
held nocounlnble for tho ar<iount of the passage
■nonoy from Quebec to the western limitn of llio
provinces, of those unable or unwilling in pay
their fare. An order of this def^cripiiou would
have a salutary effect ; otherwise our provinces
w. II have a ho^vy expense ontaili d upon thorn
in fotwardiug people to settle and enrich a for-
eign country "

These importaDt practical suggestions

be it spoken, has as yet acted in the mat>
ter of free lands ; but it will most assuret^-
ly be necessary for the sister provinces to
do 80 likewise, if they place any value QP
the prosperity and increase of the new
Dominion. • !•.•?,

The gross imposition practiced fpr s6
long a time of sending immigrants from
Quebec tp the Western States at Canadi-
an expense, was happily ended last spring,
to the intense disgust of the agents who
were thereby deprived of their profits.
Had Mr. Dixon's hints been acted upop
when first made, the treasury would have
been saved many thousands of dollars.
Imagine our cute neighbors paying the
way for emigrants from New York to "
Canada I How they must have chuekled
over our intense verdancy. S

It was not the fault of the late respect-
ed chief agent, Mr.Buchanan, that Jdr.
Dixon's excellent suggestions were not at-
tended to. Writing to the minister qji
the close of '66, he says: —

" I beg leave to call your special a'lention tn
t!io report of the 'procnedinea of the Liverpool
agent, Mr. Dixon. This report embraces a re-r
view ofthe operations of the agency during ||)f
season, and contains many valuable sugge^li«n»
well doeerving of consideration,' I fn''«* fw'ljr
concur in many of Mr Dixon's views and. opin-
ions, and regard with a consitlerKbie degree of
(>aliRfact(on the results of his labor, ^mce the
establishment of the Liverpoo. agency in Marc^
last. 9 very effort appears to ha;o been made to
gain for the retiouices of this country a wider
publiciiv amonijet Hie laboring population of the
United Ivin.idom than thoy liave obtained be-
fore. '1 ho r.fficial loiters which I have been Ui
the habit of receiving from Mr< Diton from
time to time abound ^vith cuir>mon senae and
practical hints on tlio subject." • . . *

Both Mr. Buchanan and Mr. Dixon
urcrfd that the office should be removed
to London, but for some inscrutable rcc-
son the Liverpool office was close d in Dec,
1866, and Mr. Dixon was sent down to
that coal sc^uttlo of England — Wolver-.
hampton, where, he has been stationed the
past two years.

WHAT SUOULD BE DONE.

But having now mentioned what is
being done by others and by ouiselves, I
shall give as briefly as possible a few prac-
tical suggestions as to what should bo
done in reference to this exceedingly mo-

, 1^ ,

:^i

i'f

-'•■

^re as applicable to our position now, as raentous subject". It is a question to which
they were two and a half years ago. The I have given much time and reflection, for
Ontario Government alone, to their credit as a lovor of British connection I fi.M

■ ■ -^

Hjobt (U-upiytX— ' "— *jCJPaiivo -auce^Sity of
building up oiinBounlry with the bone and
sinow of our Fatherland and of northern
Europe, if wo would preserve our present
autonomy under the slicltcring aegis of the
old flag.

We require — it is indeed an absolute
necoBsity — n central office in London for
the Dominion, 'well supplied with Cana-
dian papers, books, &c. There gentlemen
connected with the P]nglish press could
obtain any information tliey' required,
and rcspi ctable farmers, farm laborers and
others who visit the great metropolis, could
thoroughly satisfy thoir minds as to tho
advantages the Dominion can offer in
lands, wages and the miscellanoous infor-
mation which every prudent emigrant
would require concerning the four provin-
ces. It should be a place where Canadi-
ans would find a resting place for their
feet' in the modern Babylon, and where a
register of those in England might be
kept a place where they could obtain
information and advice, and be made to
feci that they were not strangers in a
strange land with none to care for them,
but welcome visitors to the mttropolis of
the empire, and subjects of the mightiest
power upon earth.

We rcqui'*e also thoroughly competent
men, with a perfect knowledge of both
countries, to travel through the rural dis-
tricts of the three kingdoms, to lecture and
advise the people, to spread broadcast
printed information, and to refer intending
emigrants to the central office for future
guidance should they require it. On the
continent, evon without regularly appoint-
ed ligents, we couldavail ourselves of the
services of some of the numerous pass-
enger agents who are to be found in every
maritime town. Passenger vessels plying
to our ports should also have information
printed in two or three languages, framed
and glazed for exhibition between decks ;
and our mail agents might be induced for a
consideration to undertake the distribu-
tion of information that would bo gratefully

■fci'i

rocoivctnJy boiigrabts and studied carefulL
to wile away the tedium of the voyage.

At tho head quarters of the Dominion
wo should have a Conmisssioner of l^.
migration who would give liis undivided,
attention 10 tho operations of the agencies
Labor registries should be established
and the present abominable system of
railroad passenger agencies should be abo-
lished at once and for ever. Tho agenta
of our Canadian railroads receive a com.
mission on the fares of passengers, and it
is their policy to induce immigranta to
book themselves for the most distant pla.
ces in the United States in order to b-
crcase their commission. In one railroad
sheet there are 124 towns in the States, to
which those commission agents are author-
ized to book passengers. We are taxed
heavily for those roads, and it would not
conduce to the satisfaction of the tax-pay,
ers to know that they were used for damag.
ing our interests so seilously.

One other subject and I shall conclude.
The London daily journals have corres-
pendents in tho chief places of interest in
the world, from Japan to Vancouver's
Island — from Peshawur to Calcutta, and
at different points in China and Australia.
Canada alono is excepted, and Canadian
news is invented by Yankees for circula-
tion in England. This is a very seriooa
evil, and I can only account for it on the
supposition that we j)ul in so meagre an
appearance at headquarters in comparison
with other colonies, that we do not think
we are worthy of notice. ^ .

The only English paper I know of that
has a Canadian corre; 'ondent is the Lon-
don Ouardian, and although that paper
has very great influence among the higher
classes, still it is only an expensive weel^,
and does not reach the lower grades .rf
English Society. This is a very "seriotB
detriment to us, for we have daily illa»"¥j
trations of the manner in which ouraffairt \i
are tortured by the Munchausens of t])^
American press, and it is through thispreil;^
the history of our affairs reaches EnglanA;!

98C ou ihe Biver
lished in Eog*
for the encour-
he»c places, aiid
fvhich they are
it BUCCCB8. Two
plying to these
;l&Dd, and the
ipploments the
who have but
m emigrant to
Brazilian port,
for passage by
ery beat farm
glish counties
ial report, gone
I VMeo.
ise colonies and
compared with
United States,
^e about fi,000
issenger traffic
Q has its consul
lief dutjitisto
m advantages,
ad to mention,
cessful in m^k-
and Wales to
ics, and have
New York for
e of " elders "
pay their own
i good looking
advances from
ngage to repay
omiaed Land."
; made on the
Italy, and the
turns tell their
se are some of
linst which the
and to combat
one. Our au-
ling to sit with
.king an effort
I the fertilising
B. It is a fla- .
housands upon
the provinces
n antagonistic
I effort worthy
retain them,
le words of the
:e the march of
; only the sick,
behind."'
ting ngainst us

is that alluded to ia a late Icttor writu^
by Mr. A. P. McFonald, M.P. :— ^

*• We Rnd that two thirdi of the Und or^
made by the United Statei are Id the hanj^'j
foreigu capitaliatp, and a large pinouDi oru -
tho hands of niemhers of the Houaj or Coin*
nions in Cn|;land, and they become amirrtii'
agents for the American people lam told w
good, reliable men. that tliey have spent Wttm
8UIUB of money in getting up maps and paiP
phlets (iescribing the lands nnd having ageuui*
diatribate the same through England, Irelahd
and Scotland, and they have paid the paasage of
numbers of influential families to the Uuit^
States to ECttlu on tbese lands, so as to indnc*
their friends and acquaintances to fuHow theih*>

WHAT "WE HAVE DONE. vf

But I will now go back three years to
show what puny efforts really have been
made, according to our own official ae-
counts, to direct this torrent of wealth to
our wild lands — our fisheries — our indog.
trial establishments, and to form new in-
dustries amongst us. , .

In 1866 Mr. William Dixon, formerW.
of Ontario, and who had resided for three
or four years in London, and was well ac-
quainted with most parts of the British
Isles and Northern Europe, was appoint-
ed Emigration agent for Canada, with
an office in Liverpool. From a copy of •
" blue book," I find that he commeuood
operations in. March, 1866, and that djur-
ing the first nine months of hij incum-
bency he received upwards of 850 per-
sonal applications for information concern-
ing Canada, and 3,39.1 letters involving,
as he justly remarks, a very laborious ^qJ
varied correspondence, as he was not al-
lowed any assistance. This is a pjain
proof that very many are willing to ask
for advice and information concerning the
advantages our country hold out to emi-
grants. Mr. Dixon writes to the Bureaa,
Sept. 1, 1866: -v

•* For the pur|)o.<:o of <!ir cting thn atictition of
Emigrsnls to Canndai I would reypectrully siig-
gott that it is uf paramnuiit iiiiportance that free
grants of l''.nd should be offered to iiilpnding k^i-
tiers, and that I should be authorized to ii<Kii«"
warrnnts for the quantity of Inud granted (q ih* 4\|
a|»p|ic;nt8, OH receiving a cetlificate frou) thfU
clergymnn, or local mHgistrae, vouching for
I'.ieir rospoft ability with buch other safe guards
as may be approved of, thus offering a tatigltli
inducement to ihe emifrant. ",; .

"After dili(jont aud careful enquiries I firm*,
ly believe that if our govornnient would atfora
the like facilities to the Danish, Swedish, aai
Norwegian orai.'r^iits, a large and mo-t »»!••'
able addition to the farming population of 9#^'
country could be secured ; tho previous habl