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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est f ilm6 d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 », 1^ ^^,* is A ^k f % An A ccouMT of CONFERENCES held, TREATIES made. Between Major-general Sir William Johnson, Bart AND The chief Sachems and Warriours O F T H E I Skaniadaradighronoir> Mohawks^ OneidaSy Onondagas, Cayugasy Senekas, TuJkaroraSy AughquageySy ChugnutZy < 7 1! ^f^. MahickanderSy /^v Shawanefey l^ KanuJkagoSy VT toderighronosy aitl^7.^,,^jj^, OghquagoeSy ''^^^.-.■^^ Indian Nations in l^orth Americay At their Meetings on different Occafions at Fort Johnfon in the County of Albany y in the Colony oiNew Torky in the Years 1755 and 1756. WITH A Letter from the Rev. Mr. Hawley to Sir William Johnson, written at the Dcfire of the Delaware Indians. And a PREFACE Giving a ftiort Account of the Six Natjons, fome Anecdotes of the Life of Sir William, and Notes illuftrating the Whole j Alfo an Appendix Containing an Account of Conferences between feveral Quaicers in Philadelphia^ and fome of the Heads of the Six Nations, in April 1756. LONDON: Printed for A. Millar, in the Strand. M.DCCLVI. [Price 1/. 6^.] / :.% ti !.>» * n; * i '* f My/(^^ rS« 0? 5 70-f' D A ■ " A- H I *• 4» ll I in PREFACE \N perujing the foUonving paper s, in a fair manufcript^fent hither fr^ America^ and from which they are now faithfully printed^ I was of opinion^ that their publication might be accept ail e to the curious, efpecially to every man who loves his country. An Englijh neutral, a Britijh fubjeSl, who views the war we are now fo juftly engaged in, the caufes that led us into it, and the con* fequences that may attend it, asfi many trU fling occurrences \ who can read his Maje/iy$ and the French king^s declarations of war with the fame gout as he would thofe of Car * thage againjl Rome, and Rome againjl Car- thage -, who is no more concerned at their events, than at the atchievements of the renowned Don Sjuixote*, and who beholds fuck formidable armaments now on the ocean, and on lands far and near, with the fame indiffe- A rence ■*»■■:• V [ ii 1 rence as he does the fight and return of birds ofpajfage -, even fuch an unthinking Briton^ iffuch there be, may be fuppofed to ha*oe euriofty enough to ready with fome pleafurey the fentiments of nations^ as far diftant from him on the globe, as, perhaps, he ima^ gines them to be, with rcJpeSl to his fuperi- or attainments as a rational creature. But, To the truly Britififoul, whofe eyes arefx" id on every objeB that may affe£l his coun- try J to the loyal heart which glows with warmth at the name of the honoured and il- lu/irious hero of thefe pages, to him this book will afford a pleafing entertainment. He who knows the valour and military qtialtf cations of Sir William fohnfon, together with the importance of the Indians in North America, efpecially the Six Nations, to us as well as to the French, will here be agreeably entertained with fpecimcns of the political talents of that victorious general, and the fagacity of the Indians, Whoever pretends to fay, as fome have fa- tally imagined, that the American favagei are of little or no account to our inter efl on that continent, and that, therefore, it is not of great confequence, whether or no we endeavour to cultivate friendfhip with them y mufibe fa •....■■■-. extremely ,1 [iii] hclremeJy igmranty or elfe fo wilfully pervcrfe^ that it would be wajling time to expofe th^ cbfurdity offuch prepojierous fuggejlions, Hyde'pnrk education may^ undoubtedly ^ qua- lify troops for being ufeful in Flanders ^ or* in ar\y European feld-, and the arts and in- trigues of French policy mujl neceffarily be ftudied and praSiifed^ when we negociate with the court of France* But 'uery zifelefs, indeed^ will either of thofe . arts appear ^ when tranfported to the banks of the Ohio, or applied to treaties with' wild Indians, That we differ from the native Americans', no lefs in our martial and political condudl and principles, than in our complexior and man- jjers ', the whole feries of faSts, oich have pajfed within thefe two years, fujfficiently evince. Of what confequence the life of this brave general is to the glory of his King, and to the happi7iefs of his fellow-fubjeSfs, let Lake George, let the eighth of September' one thoufand feven hundred and fifty-five, a?id general Diejkau bear witnefs / Ajtd of what farther fervice to both he has been, and Jiill may be, in treating with the heads of' powerful Indian nations, thefe Jf^eets willjuf- A 2 ficiently [iv] f^ienJy convince thf impartial and inteUigtni Jteader^ AJhort account tf the Six Nations, and of general Jobnfon, it is prejiimedy may not be unacceptable to many of our readers. ^kfi Jirji, I Jhall extraB from the Hi" fiory, ^written by the honourable Cadwallader Colden, prefdent of his Majejlys council and furveyor-gcneral of New * Tork, to which, ike reader is referred for farther informa* tion. The laftj Jhall give , not only from my own perfonal knowledge of that gentleman, but alfo from what I have been credibly informed of, by his intimate acquaintance in thegovern' ment where he lives^ ** The Five Nations confjl offo many tribes or nations, joined together by a league or confederacy like the united provinces, and without any fuperiority, This union has continued fo long that we know no- *' thing oj its originaL ^^^ • They are known ** to us by the names of the Mohawks, Oney^ doesy Omndagas, Cayugas^ and Senekas^ ■ ' * ' The Tujkaroras, after a war they <' had with tie people of Carolina, fed to the ** five Natiom^ and are incorporated with <• th^m i fo that now, indeed, they properly <• i;of0 of fx nations, - i t ■' Each qfthem. «c If ** ^hey think them/elves^ by nature, fuperior ** to the reji of mankind^ and affume the name of OngUfi-honwe, that is, menfur^ paffng all others, — T^his opinion gives them that courage, which has been fo terrible to •* all the nations of North America j — and ** that opinion, they have taken fuch care to im- ** prefs on all their neighbours, that on all OC" ** cafons, they yield to them the moflfubmif- ** fve obedience, ■ They have fuch abfolute ** notions of liberty, that they allow of no kind " offuperiority, and banijh all fervitude from ** their territories, All the nations round <* them have, f$r many years, entirely fub- ** mitted to them, and pay a yearly tribute ** to them in Wampum * \ they dare neither *' make * " Wampum is the current money ^mong the Indians : it ^' is of two forts, white and purple ; the white is worked f * out of the infide of the great conques, into the form of *♦ a bead, and perforated, to llring on leather ; the purple f ^' is worked out of the infide of the mufde fliell ; they ^' are wove as broad as one's hand,, and about two feet long: •* thefe "f- As the Indians live far from the fea, our people make and fell thefe, or exchange them for beaver (kins, &c. and man/j, at Albany f)»rticularly, make a handfome living by that trade. (( €1 It II '.icks. The X ive Nations. Caniatare,orQuatoghe lake Scahkook Indians. New York City. Odidaftagheks. Mahikander,flrRiver Indi- ans, living on Hudfon'i River helow Albany. Twightwies. Teind ondoraghie. Achfifaghecks. Oneydoes. Cadarackui lake. ^ ' * Albany. Quacklies and ScunkHks. Utawawas, orDewagunhas Quakfies. Eftiaghicks. Satanas, Todericks. ^ • . r. Scunkfik. Erighecks. Senekas. ' ' . " *« . I if ■i ■ri'J i^ fEng- ions. tall the vYork if ten the vince of teraL chelake cr Indi- ludfon'i oany. LinkBks. agUDhas ^.'.'■r.r. )f J [3l 1 Fort Johnfon, Decemb. 7. 1755. TZ?^ Speech of the honourable major -gene- ' ral johnfon at a meeting oj the Mohawks, OneidaSy Tufcaroras and Senecas, ., [ Arent Stevens, interpreter. Brethren of the Mohawks, Senecas, Oncidas, and Tufcaroras, Am glad to fee you here at the meeting-place of all the nacions, after the dangers and fatigues of the campaign. Tlic reafbn of my fending for you immediately on my return is very preffing. Your brother the governor of New- York wrote me a letter, dated nine days ago, which overtook me at Skenaclady, acquainting me, that the Shawanefc, Dclawares, and River-in- dians were committing hoftilities in the fouthern parts of this province, as well as in the Jerfics and Pcnnfylvania ; that they had burnt fcveral out- fettlcmcnts in thofe provinces, and killed m.any of our people who never offended them : as thofe Indians are looked upon by us as allies and depen- dants of you the fix nations, and living within the B limits m [4] Kmits of your country, I muft defire you will, without lofs of time, reprimand tiicm for what they have already done, prevent their doing any more mifchief, and infift on their turning their arms with us againft the French and their In- dians ; both your and our common enemy, and that without lofs of time. This is what you en- gaged to do at the general meeting laft June at my houfe : I am furprized you have not done it before, and I expert you will now do it without lofs of time ; if not, we will endeavour to put a ftop to their barbarities, and do ourfclves that juftice the law of nature allows. A belt. * Brethren of the confederate nations, I defire you will fend me, from time to time, what news you receive from your allies to the fouthward and weftward, as at all times it is very neceflary for me to know it, and more par- ticularly fo at this time : in return, you may de- pend on my giving you all the news among us, which may be ufeful to you. A large belt. i Their anfwer. Brother, We are obliged to you for the welcome you give us, and alfure you we are equally rejoiced to meet you here at our fire, after your greats fatigue and danger ; and congratulate you on your fuccefs over our common enemy. It gives us the greateft concern, to hear of the barbarities of our coufins the Delawares, to our brethren the Englifh j and we alTure you we Ihall, without lofs of time, forward your meffage through I ■^m [5] through all the nations, and ufe all argunnents in our power for their exerting themfelves on this important occafion. A belt. Brother, "We will alfo recommend it to them to keep up a conftant corrcfpondence with you, as wc are fenfibie it is of the utniod confequence at all times, but more fo at prelent. . A belt. y^/ a meeting of the Mohawks^ Oneidas^ and Tufcarorasy December 26, lysS* Sequaretfere, a chief of Tufcarora, fpokc. Brother Wa.-raghiyage *, We return you our hearty thanks for the care you take of us in fupplying us with ammunition, large guns and paint ; as we do not know how foon the enemy will come upon us : we have been fpeaking to our eldcll' brothers thefe four years, about having a place of defence made againlt the French, but could never bring them to a conclu- fion until now, having promifed to join and aflld our brothers the Englilh againd any attempts which the French fhali make upon them. - A ftring of wampum. Canaghquayefon fpoke. Brother Warraghiyagey, We join with our brothers, the Tufcaroras, in returning you our hearty thanks for advifing us B 2 to * The name given by the Mohawk-indians to general johnfon, on his being many years ago adopted into theix nation. I i !i I l\ [6] to be upon our guard againft the malicious de- figns of the French, and that you would fupply us with ammunition, large guns, paint, &c. A belt. Brother Warraghiyagey, We own we have been loft or drunk thcfe (everal years paft, in not liftening to you and our youngeft brothers in joining the two caftles to- gether ; but we have now opened our ears which have been flopped, ^nd are determined to live and die with you. A belt. Brother Warraghiyagey, You acquainted us fome time ago, of the de^ figns of the French in encroaching upon our hunting-grounds, and advifed us lo be upon our guard aguinft them, or orherwife they would come and difpoiTcfs ^d deftroy us all j it feems to us now that they had blinded our eyes, and it is plain to us as the fun that rifcs in the morning, that they had it in view. No doubt but you have heard that the French had invited us to meet them atSwe-gatfy; but we have taken a firm rtfolution never to liften to any but yourfdt : we don*t (peak this from our lips only, but it comes froni the botton^ of our hearts. Brother Warraghiyagey, You blame us for not taking care of our allies to the fouthward, but we affure you we have fome tmie ago ftnt four large belts to them, defiring they would not join wiih any but whom the five nations joined ; and fince we are im- formc-d that the belts and meffages we fcnt were diredly made known to the French. Now, bro- ther, we have fcnt another meffage, defiring that they ous de- fupply &c. belt. k thcfe ind our iftles to- rs which to live . belt. the dc^ t>on our pon our would feems to and it is norning, ! French i but we n to any our lips ir hearts. )ur allies we have o them. It whom are im- ent were DW, bro- ing that they I I [7] they would come and fpcak with us; and b« affurcd we will do our utmoft endeavours to put a (lop to any more blood (bed that way ; and we hope, that you will defire the governors to do their utmoft in bringing them over to us, as we are furc there is nothing draws them from us but the large prcfents which the French make them. A belt. Brother Warraghiy^gey, We have fent to the Rjver-indians and Shawa- nefe to come to our caftle, to hear from their own mouths what they have to fay for their kil- ling fo many of our brothers ; and if they fhould not come upon our mcfiage, we the Oneidas, and Tufcaroras Sachems, are determined to go to them and know the reafon of it. Governor Shirley promifed to have a fort built for us, and men to garrifon it ; and not hearing any thing about it fince, we think he will defer it until fpring ; fo hope that you will have a fort built immediately, and men to garrifon it, as we are certain the French only wait a favourable opportunity to fall upon us. A ftring. My * anfwer made February 17. 1756. Arent Stevens, interpreter. Brethern of Tufcarora, I received the friendly fpecch which you made at my houfe when I was at New- York, together with your acknowledgments for the arms, am- munition, &c. I gave your nation j I heartily wi(h they may anfwer the end they were defigned for, which was to enable you to fecure yourfelves ' . againft * Viz. general Johnfon. h .Hi againft any attempts of the French, or any other enemy. I highly approve of your wifdom and timely advice to your elder brothers thcOneidas, and am extremely glad that you and they have at lafl agreed to build a place of defence, and to join your brethren the Englilh againlt any attempts of your and our common enemy the French. ^ . A belt. Brethren of Oneida. It highly pleafes me to find you fo grateful for the advice I have given you, and the alFif- tance I promifed you Ihould have, as well as your brethren the Tufcaroras i and I exptd you and they, together with the Skaniadaradighronos, will live fo compaft, and have your caftle forti- fied in fuch a manner, as may enable you to make a bold defence, ihould any attempts be made againft you. If you do this, and have a good officer with a party of men there, nothing can hurt you. A belt. Brethren, Nothing can give nrie greater fatisfiidion, than to find you have at laft come to your fenfes, and to the ufe of your hearing, of which you have acknowledged to have been bereft fome tim?. As I have a great regard for you, I moft fin- cerely wifh you may continue in your fenfes, that you may follow the wholefome advice which your brother the Tufcarora, although younger, has given you, and that which 1 Ihall from time to time give you. t ! ! Brethren, . Had you been in your right fenfes, and your eyes open when I timely acquainted you with the defigns 4 [9] defigns of the French encroaching on your hunt- ing-grounds, and deftfoying you, and had fol- lowed my advice, the French would not have been now in pofleffion of the beft part of your country, and bid you defiance as they now do. Shake away then that infatuation, which has fo long had the better of you, and exert your- felves now in conjundlion with your Father the King's troops, and you may ftill recover your lands and be a happy people, which is the fm- ccre wifli of your Father and all your brethren. Your not complying with the governor of Canada's invitation to meet him at Swegatfy, was quite right ; and i am glad you have taken fo firm a refolution of adhering to your engage- ments : had you afled otherwife, it would have been a breach of the many Iblemn promifes you have made to me on that head. A belt. ■j f Brethren of Oneida and Tufcarora, " I am heartily pleated to hear from you, that you have not been fo remifs as I imagined, with regard to the Dela wares and Shawanefe; and that you are determined to have a conference with them. I muft prefs you in the moft ftrenuous manner to exert your authority at faid meeting, and let me know the refult thereof as foon as poflible. A belt. ' Brethren, I heard general Shirley fay, that he had or- dered a fort to be built for you fome time ago : why his orders have not been complied with I cannot fay •, but this I may venture to affirm, ic was not his fault : however, as you now defire it may ■I I 10] may be built, I will order proper pcrfons to go about it as ioo(i as polTible. V f./. J '« . A belt. ..»•/ ; Ended. Ccf>y of a letter of the Rev. Mr. Hawley at One'- - bugkquageyy to the honourable fVilliam JobnfoHy - dated Onchughqnagey^ December I'j. 1755. Very honoured Sir, The Sachems who went from hence with your ' meffage to the Dclawares, juft now returned from Tiaogo, and defire me to pen the follow- ing letter to your honour ; in which you have a brief account how the quarrel between the Eng- 11 (h and Delaw.ires began, and what has hap^ pened fince, according to the account which we have from Tiaogo. In which alfo your honour has the anfwer of the Delawarcs to the mcflage you fent them by the bearer hereof, and a fhort fpeech which thofc Indians defircd me to pen re- lative to the affairs. Your honour will pardon me if I am not fo particular in my narration as the Indians are in teilinp a ftory. The letter which I am defired to write, except abbrevia- tions, is as follows : Brother Johnfon, We have been to! iaogo upon your affairs. In the firft place we relate what news we hear ; the Indians there inform us that about two months ago, there was a party of Englilh at Tfincanke, alias Shamokin, upon a fcouting defign \ and that while they were there, news came that there was a party of French and Indians from Ohio about there ; and Skaronyade advifcd the Englilh party to to return back, and by all means to keep on the eaft-fidc of the river : they took his advice, *ti« faid, and returned, but went the wcft-fide of the river, and that before they had gone far a French party came upon them, fired, and drove them into tlie river, where four of the Englifh were drowned. Not long after this, that an Englifh- man came to Skahandow-ane alias Wayoming, and as he ufed to trade upon this river, the In- dians aflced him whether he brought any goods with him -, he faid no, but I have brought my body, my flefli, and you may do what you pleafe with nie : 'tis you, faid he, and the fiX: nations, who killed our people the other day, I was there, I know your language, it was cer- tainly you that did the mifchicf ; and now, faid he, you and the Engliib will fight *, may be you think that you and your un^le the fix nations are able to (land the Englifh : I ttll you, faid he, that we can pinch you between our fingers ; I don*c cheat you, and adl in the dark and under- handed, as you do, but tell you plainly that the Englifh are going to fight you : in fix days more the Englifti will fet out from all points againfl: you. The Englilhman returned to the white people, and informed them that a great multi- tude of Indians of all nations were gathered ac Wayoming, &c. Then the Englifh that way made it their bufinefs to take as many of the Delawares who lived among, or near the white people, and made them prifoners, as they could lay hands on •, the number they took, 'tis faid, is 232 in all ; one old man they took, who heard the account which the Englilhman brought from Wayoming, made his clcape with much diffi- culty, and carried the news buck to Wayoming, C and [12 I and gave an account of the Englifli taking thie Delawares who lived near the white people, &c. &c. The Indians of Wayomiiig, 'tis faid,were much concernM after the Englifliman had been there, and kept fcouts out to fee if any Englilh were coming againft them ; at laft they faw a fingle man coming, the Indians went to the white man, and afked him whether he was alone ; he told them, that three more, who were gentlemen^ were coming to have a treaty with them : they foon arrived, and called the Indians together, and informed them that they were fent to treat with them about building a fort there, that their fquas and children might be protedted from the French. The Indians defired to fee their commiflion, they produced a certificate of it in writing -, the In- dians obje<5ted againft their not having wampum ; with that they produced another paper. Now the old man, who hail been taken by the Eng- lilh, and made his efcape, faid to the Indians, don't you believe thefe men, they only mean to deceive you, and make you priibners, or put you £0 the fword. ' " "'> . '• At that the Indians took their hatchets, and knocked them all on the head, except the Indian trader, who came there before, :md was now with thefe gentlemen that made J^is f fcr.: e. Thus, brother Johnf; n, we have driven you an account how the quarre! began between the Eng- iifli and Delawares, and what has happened lince v and if they have told us a pack of lyes, we can- not help it. Now, my brotlier, we give you the anfwer of the Delawares to the rndfagt you fent by the Uartr ; this is the anfwcr our i:w^.»».w ^ives. Brother m ng the people, e much there, h were I fmgle te man, he told tlemen„ J : they ler, and rat with ir fquas French. )n, they the In- npum ; Now e Eng- [ndians, lean to put you ts, and Indian us now you an ic Eng- i iiuce ; Nc can- wer of by the es. Brother { 13 1 Brother John Ton, We defire to know what is the reafon of the •quarrel between us and our brethren the Englifhi you fay you are ignorant of it, fo are we i we don't know the caufe of this quarrel. . : i 'Tis true, brother, as you fay, we are not at our own command, but under the diredlion of the fix nations ; we are women, our uncle muft fay what we muft do; he has the hatchet, and we mull do as he fays. 'Tis true, brother, we have not the hatchet, we are poor women, and out of temper : we are much obl^^ed to you, brother, that you tell us to flop, and leave off that which we have begun to do ; we hear you, we Hop and repent. But, brother Johnfon, fome of our young men, a few days ago, went out againft the Englifh ; we can't help it, though we have fent after them as foon as we heard from you, brother, to ftop them, and call them back. Now, brother, you muft take care of your fide too ; many of our people are now captives among the Englifh, we muft fee every one of them return again, or elfe it will not be well. We fhall wait two months to fee whether our captives are given up, and if we don't fee them then, we don't know what we fliall do ; when we fee our people again, then we Ihall contrive to make up the matter, and fettle affairs, and not till then. Thus, brother Johnfon, you have the anfwer of my nephew to your mefliige. Now, brother, we that are young ones here would fay a few words ; by and by you fhall hear from our heads \ we aflc leave for once, ac- cording to the Englifh cuftom, to ufe paper in- itead of wampum. C 2 Brother ■ I ■ il [ 14] Brother Johnfon, Be ftrong, do all you can on your part, and we will do all we can on ours : let us, both of us, be engaged to purfue to the things that make tor peace and harmony j you*il not doubt brother, but that the fix nations will make ic their bufi- nefs to fet things to right again, and make up the uohappy quarrel between our brethren the Englilh and the Dclawares our nephews. Be ftrong, brother, be engaged and we will af- fift you, and we need not doubt but we fhall gain the point. We would inform you, brother, that the Dela- wares tell us that two companies of their men fet out not long ago againft the Englilh ; but they have now ftnt after them to bring them back. They" fay that there were 80 in one and 40 in the other company •, and that a number are fet out from Ohio lately againft the Englifti frontiers. Thus, honoured Sir, I have wrote all that the Indians defired, I have wrote in hafte, and not corredt as I might, had I had leifure •, the Indians from Tiaogo arrived juft at fun-fet, and the bearer defigning to fet out early in the morning, I muft fend this rough account juft as it is, I rely on your honour's candour. If I can ftrve your honour in any thing in your public affairs, I am yours at command, Gidn. Hawley. p. S. I propofc to your honour's confideration, whe- ther it would be well for the Englifli to build a fort and keep a garrifon. I don't at all think that the Delawares dcfign to be peaceable ; 4 fort here perhaps will be ncceflary to keep the reft of the Indians on the river in good order. To the honourable William Johnfon. For^ »e Dela- eir men h i but ; them and 40 r are fet 'ontiers. that the and not Indians md the lorning, it is, I in your -y- )n,whc- :o builcj 11 think ible ; 4 eep the order, I. Fort m [ JS ] Fort Johnfon, February 29, 1756. y^t a meeting of the Aughquageys, Tufcaro^ rasy SkaniadaradighronoSf Chughnuts^ Ma- hickanden and ShawanefCf Thomas their fpeaker flood tip and nioent through the ce- remony of cojidolance for the lofs of my fifler and brother- in-laiv *, and then prO" ceeded as follows : Brother Warraghiyagey, We will now open our hearts to you, and throw off the burthen which lays fo heavy upon us ; it grieved us much to hear it was fuggefted, that all the nations living upon the banks of Suf- quehanna, even as far as Aughquagey had joined the French. We aflure you it is a falfe report, and we appeal to you, brother, whether we have not (fince your acquaintance with us) always proved true brethren to the Englifh, and ftriflly adhered lo the agreements made fo long ago be- tween them and our fore-fathers ; and depend upon it we ever fhall, notwithftanding all the temptations of the French. What we now fay comes not from our lips only, but from the very bottom of our hearts. Brother Warraghiyagey, We fpeak now in behalf of the Oneidas, Tuf» caroras, Skaniadaradighronos and Chugnuts ; and we^piay fay we fpeak alfo in behalf of the Sha- wanefe, who are now upon their way to Chug- nut, where they are to fettle and live under our protedlion ; alfo the Delavvare-indians, who live upon * Capt. Ferrall, his fifter's huiband, killed in the battle at Lakc-Georga, September 7, 1755. Vide General Johnfon's ^e^jer in London Gazette, 2S O^obcr 1755. M l! 'I i I [ 16 ] upon the eaft branch of that river near the head of it, have given us the ftrongeft affiirances, that they will live and die with us, and in confequence of that will keep up the farne friendlhip and alli- ance with the Englifh, which now fubfifts be- tween us and them ; and this belt we hereby de- liver to you as a teflimony thereof. Gave the belt. Brother Warraghiyagey, We beg leave to lay our immediate danger and diftrefs before you •, we are now entirely cx- pofed to the mercilcfs power of the French and their Indians, our and your common enemy ; their hatchet is ready to fall upon our heads, their Indians who live not far from us, threaten us for our attachment to you, for they call and look upon us as Englifh, as we truly are. Now, brother, our earneft requeft is, that you would build us a fmall place of defence, wherein our old men, women, and children may have fhelter in this time of danger -, and that you would alfo fupply us with arms, ammunition, &c. where- with to defend ourfelves from any attempts the enemy may make upon us. Gave a belt. February 2, 1756. jif a meeting of the Oneidas^ Tufcaroras, Skaniadaradighronos, Chugnuts^ and Ma- hickanderSy I made an anfwer to their fpeech in the pre fence of. The Rev. Mr. Hawely, Mr. Daniel Claufe, Lieutenant Miller, Arent Stevens, Mr. Reed, William Printup, Three Interpreters, Canadagayc enemy ; • heads, threaten call and . Now, u would our old lelter in Jld alfo where - ipts the belt. (iroras, d Ma- 7 their ufe, P» dagaye [ 17 1 Canadagaye a Mohawk chief, my fpeaker, flood up and anfwered to their fpeech as fol- lows, viz. Brethren of the Oneidas, Tufcaroras, Ska- niadaradighronos, Mahickanders, Chug- nuts, and Shawancfe. I approve much of your opennefs of heart to me on this occafion, and as that is the fureft way of having your grievances redreffed, I would advife you Cas I have often your brethren of the fix nations) always to follow that method, and you may be affured I will endeavour to eafc your minds, and do every thing in my power to contribute to your happinefs. As for the idle furmifes of, or reports fpread by any ill minded filly people, who know nothing of your fenti- ments, or the ftate of your or our affairs, I muft defire you will not give ear to, nor be in the lead uneafy at them, for their words are like wind and not to be noticed. If at any time your minds are diflurbed, or that you labour under any difficulties, let me know it immediately, you may depend upon relief. The ftrong afib- ranccs you now, and always have given me of your attachment to your brethren the Englifh, and of your gathering together, gives me the greateft pleafure, and will animate me to take, niore care of you, which you may depend upon as long as you continue xftedfaft friends to the Englilh, which you will ever find it your intereft to do. A belt. Brethren of the feveral before-mentioned nations, Your cafe I have confidered, and agree with you in opinion, that your prefent fituation is far . . from [i8] from being fafe, having fo dangerous and deceit- ful an enemy, as the French are notoriouny known to be on the one fide, and their bHrid- folded, ra(h Indians (who know not their own intereft) on the other. Wherefore, agreeable to your requeft, I fliall immediately have a tort built for the fafety of your old people, children, and friends, living round about there •, I will al- fo fupply you with arms, ammunition, &c. to defend the faid fort, againft any attempts the French, or their Indians, may make upon you : keep a good look out, and if at any time you find a defign againfl: you, let me know it, and I will come immediately to your afllftance. This I confirm by this belt of wampum. ' ' February 2, 1756. 'ithe anfwer of the Aughquageys^ Tufcaroras^ Ska- niadaradighronoi, Mabickanders^ Chugnuts^ and '.ShawaKefe. *■ < *. - • ' Adam, fpeaker. -• .•'>»: Brother Warraghiyagey, - • ♦ ' j > • We the feveral nations of Indians living at and about Sufquehanna river and its branches, here prefent, return you our mod hearty thanks for your kind compliance to our requefts, as well as for the great regard you fhew for our fafety, by promifing to come in perfon to out alTiftance, Ihould there be occafion at any time fc it : this convincing proof of your love for us, at this cri- tical time, lays us under the greateft obligations; and be afllired we and ours ihall never forget it as long as the waters of Sufquehanna run. A belt, and finilhed, giving fix Ihouts of ap- ' ' probation. • . ■ , • Friday I deceit- orioufly r blirid- leir own ;able to a fort hildren, will al- &c. to ipts the )n you : I'ou find i 1 will This I belt, fj, Ska- at and s, here nks for as well fafcty, iftance, : this bis cri- ations ; )rget it of ap- Friday i .-I 1 [ '9 ] Friday Cthi I fent an Indian expref^, with 2 belt of wampum, to know the reafon of the fix nations delay. Monday pth, Not hearing from them yet, and all the other nations waiting here impatiently^ difpatched Jacobus Clemont, one of the inter- preters, to bring them down fpeedily. Wednefday nth. Three Onondago warriors arrived at my houie, with three ftrings of wam^- pum from the Sachems, acquainting me that their nations Cayougas,.and SenecaSj were mak- ing all the hafte pofiible, and would be here to- morrow in a body : in the afternoon the Onon- dagos and Cayougas arrived, and told me that fiity Senecas would be here to-morrow. The Mohawk Sachems came to me with an exprefs from their brethren the Canajoharees, ac- quainting them and me, that the Oncidas and Tufcaroras, were to be on Friday at their caftle, in order to condole the death of the great Hen- drick, and the other chiefs of that caftle, who were (lain at Lake George, and defired theirs and my attendance at the ceremony ; 1 gave them the proper belts of wampum on that oc- cafion, and defirtd they would ad for me, as I could not poltibly attend, there being fo many Indians at my houfe, which they readily agreed to, and fet off. ...... Thurfday 12th, The Senecas arrived and told me, that the Oneidas and Tufcaroras would not be here until Saturday or Sunday, for the above- mentioned reafon. Friday 13th, Some more cf the Stnecas ar- rived, when I performed the necclfary ceremony on that occafion. D Saturday ;, ^■ J [ 20 1 Saturday I4tli, I had an cxprefs fent me by the Canajoharees, that a great number of the Onc- idas, Tufcaroras and Mohawks, were met there, and would finifh their condolence that day, and fet off the nexti which they accordingly did: and on Monday i6th, The Oneidas and Tufcaroras arrived here, when I received them, and per- formed the ufual ceremony on that occafion. After that Canaghquayefon, an Oneida Sachem, Itood up and fpake : >■]. Brother Warraghiyagey, We doubt not but you have been uneafy at our (laying fo long after our brethren of the other nation ; the reafon is this, we have been clearing up the road of our fore-fathers, as is cuftomary among us (meaning the condoling of the lofs of feveral of their people, who died and were killed fince they travelled that road beforej particularly at Canajoharee, where we have loft two great men, in whofe ftead or room we have appointed Others. Our brethren of the other nations have paffed by and neglefted this, which we think wrong. Now we are here compleat, and Ijeg you will be eafy in your mind. I , , ... . . A belt. - Brother Warraghiyagey, • '• Hoping we have now quieted ybut mind, we beg you will think and fpeak coolly, otherwife it may be of ill confequence to us, as our wel- fare depends greatly on your cool deliberations. A belt. Brother Warraghiyagey, As this is the council room, where all the af- fairs of tht Cix- (Unions are tranfaded ; and as you told me by the Onc- ict there, 3ay, and gly did: ufcaroras and per- fion. , Sachem, uneafy at the other I clearing uftomary lie iofs of :re killed rticularly vo great ppointed ons have vc think and beg Vbelt. fjind, we )therwife our wel- rations. Lbelc. II the af- d as you told [2ll told me you would keep a white wing hanging in it to fweep it clean with, we now take this fan down, and fweep all dud and dirt out of it, fo as nothing may interrupt us in our councils and deliberations. Three ftrings of wampum. February 1 6th, 1756. M^ anfwer to the Oneidas and Tufcaroras fpeecb. Brethren, On your arrival yefterday you expreffed your concern, left I might be uneafy at your ftaying fo much longer than the reft of your brethren, and than the time appointed. The reafons you have given for it are a fufficient apology •, I am very glad you have done every thing neceffary on your part, agreeable to your cuftoms, and the rules laid down to you by your wife anceftors. So many of you appearing here now at this council, and at fo bad a feafon of the year, gives me great pleafure, as it plainly demonftrates your regard to my invitation. A belt. Brethren, I thank you for the prudent and kind fteps you have taken to quiet my mind at this time ; I affure you it is quite fettled, and my thoughts Bxed upon nothing fo much, as what may tend to your welfare, and that of all your brethren ia ^general. A belt. Brethren, I have had this council room (on my inviting you and the reft of the nations to \i) well clean fed ; but as you imagined it might have (by your ftay- D 2 ins 1 1 gl ;:i V [22] ing fo much longer than the time appointed for meeting) gathered feme duft •, I am glad you have taken down the fan, and fwept it fo, that no- thing might in the leaft impede our confultations. Three rtrings of wampum. ,• ' Ended this affair. ,/ft a prhatc meeting of the upper Alobaivk , cfljiley Ifcduefday the 1 8///, ^ Present all the fachems and wairiors, Abrah.im , H endricl<^'s brother, ftood up and fpokc. Brother Warraghiyagey,^ * ' i - "We return you pur hearty thanks, for the care you have taken in fortifying our caftle laft fum- mer, agreeable to our defr\', and alfo of garri- foning it in our abfence, for the fecurity of our old people and children. And as we look upon it as neceflary now as ever (from the many re- ports we daily have, of the F-ench's intentions pf attacking us for our attachment to you) we ' earnellly ddire there may be an officer, and a proper number of men, polled there, as foon a^ pofTible for our defence. ^ . . . -'A belt. Brethren of Canajoharee, As I am fully convinced of your fincerity and attachment to his Majefty's intereft, I readily comply with your requeft, not doubting it will ■ be very agreeable to your Father the great king, Vi\\Q has nothing more at heart than the fafety ^nd welfare of you his faithful children ; as an affurance of what I fay, and now promife to you, J ^ive you this belt of wampum. A belt, So this meeting ended, I ^/ iH} jit a meeting of Jive hundred and eighty- fix of the fix nations and their allies, at Fort Johnfony February the iSth 1756. Present, The honourable Willi- Lieut. Pottinger, am Johnfon, fole fu- Lieut. Mills J, perintendant of their Lieut. Lottridge, " Affairs,, Capt. Butler §, and other TheRev.Dr.Ogilvie*, Indian officers, The Rev. Mr. Hawley, Several gentlemen, Capt. Bcckwith, The deputy fecretary, Lieut. Miller, And four interpreters, Lieut. Dunbar, I, (viz. Gen. Johnfon) fpoke as follows : Brethren of the fix united nations, I have heard with great concern that a war- party of the Senecas, the mod remote nation of f:he confederacy, have had a confiderable mifun- derftanding with their brethren the Englifli to the fouthward, which has been fatal to fomc of that nation. I am extremely unable to exprefs my concern for that unhappy affair ; and as the hatchet remains fixed in your heads, I do with the greateft affection and tendernefs remove it thence, A belt. Brethren, With this belt I cleanfe and purify the beds of thofe who fell in that unfortunate affair, from the defilement they have contradled, A belt. Brethren, • MiiTionary, flationed among the Mohawlcs. % A brave Englift-man, Lieutenant of the independant companies in the province of New- York. § An Iriih gentleman, in the fame rank with Mills, and has refided among the Mohawks above |o \'car.s. I ■pi -4 1 !J* t *4 ! Brethren, I am informed that iiporj that unhappy occa- ion you have loft three of your principal war- riors i 1 do with this belt cover their dead bo- dies, that they may not offend our fight any more, and bury the whole affiiir in eternal oblivion. A belt. " Brethren, I have now agreeable to your antient cuftoms fcattered thofc clouds that looked with lb dark and thrcatning an afpcj^t-, the fun now (bines bright again, therefore let us under its enlight- ning and cherifhing influences, proceed upon our important buTinefs, with our ufual chearfulnefs and unanimity. A belt. The remaining part of the ceremony of con- dolence, jointly in the name of General Johnfon and Governor Morris, whom Skaronyade the half king, and Mr. Montour, reprefented. Brethren of the Cayougas and Toderighronos, By conftant experience we difcover, that the life of man is as the flower of the field *, in this tran- iitory fcene, therefore, refignation becomes us un- der the lofs of our neareft and deareft friends ; comfort yourfelves, therefore, under the lofles you have fuftained, as becomes reafonable creatures. With this belt I cover all your dead, that they prjay no more offend your fight. A belt. brethren of the Onondagas, Oneidas, Tuf- caroras, Skaniadaradighronos, Aughqua- geyr, and the Mohawks of both caftles, I perform the fame ceremony to you. After the ceremohyj, fix French prifoners, fome of thofc who were taken at the late battle, near Lake Ccorge, were delivered with great ceremony to the the Indians, in order to replace the following In- dians, who were killed in that battle, viz. Ta- yanoga, alias Hendrick Tarraghiyoris t Wania- coone of Canajoharee •, Skahyowio Onienkoto of the Mohawks; Nica-anawa Skaronyade's Ton; and Cayadanora, a Tufcarora. They received the prifoners with the greateft marks of gratitude and fatistaclion ; every nation giving the (hout of approbation, and then carried off the prifoners to their refpedive families. Thus ended the ceremony neceflary on thofc occafions, agreeable to their cuftoms. STz&tf anfwer of the Jix nations and Ibeir attia^ February lytb 1756. Read Head, fpeaker. , i.; Present, '•■ •' '' ' •-'J'-^- The hon.William John- Lieut. Dunbar, fon, '""• Cape. Butler, and other The Rev. Dr. Ogilvie, Indian officers. The Rev. Mr. Hawley, Three interpreters. Lieut. Miller, Brother Warraghiyagey, We the fachems and warriors of the Senec) nation, return you our fmcere and hearty thanks, for the great afFedlion in drying our tears, and driving forrow from our hearts ; and we in re- tarn perform the fame ceremony to you with the like hearty a(fe£tion. A ftring of wampum. Brother Warraghiyagey, We ar*^ fenfible of your goodnefs, expreflcd to us in removing the caufe of our grief, and ten- derly taking the ax out of our heads. A belt. Brother [26 ] Brother Warraghiyagey, We are thankful to you tor cleaning the blood out of our fight, agreeable to the antient cuftoni of our forefathers. A belt. . Brother Warraghiyagey, . We are thankful likewife for covering the graves of thofe who were flain in that unhapyy aflfair. Brother Warraghiyagey, We acluiowledge your goodnefs in thus fee- ding our minds, which were fo much difcom- pofed, and that you have fo feafonably reminded us of that harmony, that has always lubfifted be- tween our fore-fathers and our brethren the Hng- lifh, an account of which has been handed down, to us by tradition, from father to fon. We pro- mife due attention to your advice, which we arc convinced tends to our welfare -, and afllire you, that we bury that unfortunate affair in eternal oblivion. A belt. The Cayougas and Toderighronos, return their hearty thanks to the General, for his afFcdtionatc and public condolence, with a belt. A belt. The Onondagas acknowledge the fame with a belt. A belt. ' ♦ The Oneidas do the fame; A belt. The Tufcaroras and Skaniadaradiglironos the flime. < ' -• '. ' A belt. .. The two caftles of the Mohawks the fame. . . -. .:'. . A belt. ',...•. Brother 1 27 ] Brother Warraghiyagey, The fix united nations, as one body, do with the greateft thankfulnefs acknowledge your bro- therly afFedion, in thus cffedually cleanfing and purifying all our habitations from all the blood and defilement, which they had contrafled by the death of fo many of our principal men. A belt. The fpeaker then took up a large belt, which the general gave, with an emblem of the fix nations joined hand in hand with us, and fpoke as follows : Brother Warraghiyagey, Look with attention on this belt, and remem- ber the folemn and mutual engagements we en- tered into, when you firft took upon you the management of our affairs •, be aflured, we look upon them as facred, and fliall, on our parts, punctually perform them as long as we are a people. A prodigious large belt ! The fpeaker then took up another very large I elr, which was given them by the governor of New York fome years ago. He then repeated the folemn promifes, that were then made them by the reprefentatives of gll the governments then prefent, and faid, • Brother Warraghiyagey, We hope our brethren the Englifh will ferl- oufly remember the promife made us by this belt, and exaftly perform them ; and we pro- mife to do the fame, though we have no records but our memories. A very large belt. E Brother P' I!, t! i { «8 ] • Bicotber Warraghiyagey, As you, and the governor of Philadelphia, Jiave afked us, what rcafon we can poffibly afligri for the barbarous behaviour of our nephews ^the Deiawares ; all we can fay at prefent is, that they are deluded by the craft and fubtilty of our old and perfidious enemy the P'rench ; but we pro- pnifc on our part, we will try all naeans to llop their proceeding further in their hoftilities, ai;d ,bc«5 you will do the fame. Three firings of wampum. Brother Warraghiyagey, We earneftly cntrtat, that you will immedi- a;cly acquaint all the governors concerned, that we the fix nations have not been inattentive tp this important affair, but have already fent fome of cur people to take tiie hatchet out of the hands of our i)ephews the Deiawares ; and we fliould be glad that you would draw your troops from the frontiers ; then we will endeavour to bring our nephews the Deiawares to deliver up all the pri Toners they have taken froin their bre- thren the Englifli, and to make the beft acknow- ledgment in their pow'vf tor their bafe and treach- erous behaviour. AbLlt. Brethern of the fix nations, I am extremely pleafed with your kind and friendly acknowlcdgmcars of my public condo- lence yefterday. And as all caufcs of uneafinefs to either of us are now removed, I propofe to- morrow to deliver you a fpecch relative to our prefent circumll:a!5ces, which I hope you will be properly prcoared to hear. Jmded. February- [29] adelphig, 3iy afligri hews ^ the that they " our old we pro- s to llop ties, and 1 pum. immedi- led, that ?ntive tp ent feme of the and we ^r troops ivour to Hiver up heir bre- acknow- 1 treach- L belt. ind and condo- leafincls )ore to- : to our wiil br bruarv February 19, 1756. . \Af a meeting of fever al principal warriers^ from the moji remote parti of the Seneca* s country f who never came down before to any meeting, the chief man named Kay an- dagarony alias Kendorondy^ fpoke as fol- lows : Brother Warraghiyagey, I, with my party of warriors from Canulkakoi the door of the fix nations, embrace this firft opportunity of fliaking you by the hand, and of alluring you, that nothing but my regard for you, and my defire of hearing your fentiments from your own mouth, could have induced me, and my young rren, to take fuch a journey at this time of the yer^ , as we had feveral of our fachems attending at the meeting. We are now here ac the fire-place of all the nations, and affure you we are heartily glad to fee you. Brethren of Canulkako. As I have nothing more at heart than the welfare of the fix nations, and their allies, it al- ways gives me the moft fenfible pleafure to fee, or even to hear from any of them, and more efpe- cially you, whom I never faw before, as it af- fords me an opportunity of commencing that ac- quaintance and friendfhip with you, which is na- tural among brethren, and which my inclination will always lead me to improve, efpecially with fo brave a people as your nation has always beeii deemed. Here I ended, E 2 February Si '■\\\ Hill f [30] February 20. 1756. » Present at the following public fpeech , The hon. William John- Lieut. Pottinger, ' fon, fole fuperinten- Lieut. Lee, dant of their affairs, Lieut. Kennedy, The Rev. Dr. Ogilvie, Lieut. Mills, 1 ' The Rev. Mr. Hawley, Enfign Penington, * Capt. Bcckwith, Several Indian officers, Lieut. Miller, and other gentlemen, Lieut. Dunbar, Three interpreters. Brethren of the fix united nations, your al- lies and dependants, It always gives me the moft folid plcafure to meet you here, that we may felicitate our- felves in the chcrifhing warmth and light of that fire, kindled here for our mutual good •, may it ever burn bright as the fun that illumi- nates and guides the day, that you and your po- ftertty, to the lateft generations, may rejoice in its benevolent influence ! . ■ . . A belt. Brethren, - - It gives me a particular fatisfaclion to meet you here at this time, for two important reafons. The firft is, that it affords us an opportunity of a friendly interview under the fhadc of that tree, which was lately fo fclemnly and judicioufiy planted ; and of calmly confulting and maturely deliberating matters of the utmoft confequence, and which nearly concerns our mutual fafety, welfare and honour. . ' A belt. - « The The [ 3" 1 The fecond is, that it gives me an opportu- nity of (baking you by the hand with a brotherly affeftion, and in the name of the great King your Father, congratulating you upon our late happy fuccefs, which I make no doubt muft give you the moft fcnfible pleafurc ; and I flatter myfelf from your late repeated proteftations of fidelity to your brethren the Englifh, it will prove a means of animating you, and all your faithful allies, to ftand forth with your ufual bravery upon all future occafions. A belt. How much greater might our fuccefs have been ! how much more fcnfibly would it have been felt by our treacherous and common enemy, had more of your warriors appeared in the field on that important day, had all our force been united ? If the bubbling or drops of our war- kettle did fo much, how great would have been the confequence, had it boiled with its ufual fury 1 It would, like a mighty torrent, carried all be- fore it i and it would have founded the fame of our victorious arms far and near, and fpread uni- verfal terror all around us! ---^ I, now, in the name of the great King your Father, in this public manner return you thanks for joining our arms laft fummer, and for your gallant behaviour in that AAion. This gives him reafon to expedt the like fidelity and courageous condufl from you all for the future, and greatly endears you to him, and to all his loving fub- jedts your affedionatc brethren. • *• -^V A belt. "^ This animates me with frefti pleafure and af- fedion at this important conjuntfture of affairs, to brighten and llrengthen the covenant-chain, that -? I ! [ 32 ] that has fo long linked us together, in mutual friendfhip and mutual affeftion, which, I hope, will continue inviolable and facred, as long as the fun fhines, or the rivers continue to water the earth, notwithftanding all the intrigues of our old and perfidious enemies, who have left no means unefTayed, and efpecially at this time, to weaken and divide us, that fo they may in the event rooc out the remembrance of your name and nations from the face of the earth. A large covenant-belt. Brethren, On my arrival from lake George laft Decem- ber, I had from your biothcT the governor of New York, and fince from the governor of Pennfylvania, the fliocking news of (your ne- phews) the Uelawares and Shawanefe falling up- on your brethren of Pennfylvania, Maryland and Virginia in the mod cruel and treacherous man- ner, killing and barbaroufly butchering the in- nocent defencelefs people, who lived on the fron- tiers of the faid goveriiments •, burning and de- Uroying all they had, and that without any juft caufe or reafon, as I underftand. This I com- municated to you by one of your own people, a Seneca, with a belt of wampum, deliring you would, without lofs of time, put a ftop to your nephews fpilling any more of your brethrens blood i and that you would enquire into, and let me know the reafon of fuch their wicked and unparalleled behaviour to the King's fubjedts, your brethren and friends. I now repeat the fame, and expcdl to hear what you have done in confequence of faid mcilagc and defire. Brethren, I tell you with concern, that I plainly forcfec, unlcfb you, the fix nations, who 3 have ;hat I vvhg have [ 33 ] have always maintained a fuperiority over the Indians, will now exert yourfelves in this cafe, you will not only lofe that authority which they hitherto acknowledged, but will have them your enemies. ' •' ? A large black belt. Brethren, I told you before the governor of Pennfyl- vania had acquainted me with the bafe behaviour of your nephews the Shawanefe and Delawares, and has alfo fent your friend Skaronyade and Andrew Montour to you with his meflage, and to know your fentiments thereon : I defire and exped you will pay a juft regard to his meflage, and aiford him all the afllftance you can, in bring* ing that unhappy affair to as good an iiTue as poflible. A belt. Brethren, I am now to acquaint you, that the great King of England^ your Father, on the death of the late general Braddock, has committed the com- mand of all his forces raifed, and to be railed upon the continent of North America, to gene- ral Shirley -, and has in a particular manner com- manded him to protc6t your country, and the lands which your forefathers have conquered, and are of right your territories, againft all violence and attempts of the French our common ene- my, and to cultivate a ftri6b friendfhip between him and you ; he takes the firfl: opportunity of communicating this to you by me, and of aflu- ring you of his intentions, fully to follow his piajefty's inftrudlions herein. A belt of black wampum* B.ethren, ill '^fl.i li) ;lii [34] :t[^ Brethren, ■■'tr.i- T Tf' . General Shirley al fo defires me to acquairit you, that he is to have a great army this enfu- ing fpring for the defence of your country, and the recovery of fuch parts of it as have been en- croached upon by the French ; and that in the mean time his majefty's troops in the province of New York, (hail be held in readinefs to defend you againft any attempts the French may make before the opening of the campaign. . 7 :: t A belt. Brethren, On my return from New York, I received your kind meffage and information of the defign of the F'rcnch attacking his majefty*s garrifon at Ofwego : I am extremely obliged to you for your friendly notice, which I immediately ac- quainted general Shirley and governor Hardy with, by exprefs from Albany, who by their an- fwers to me, are alfo greatly pleafed with you, for the concern you fhew for our mutual fafety 5 and I expert you will not only continue your vi- gilence, but will aifo be ready (like unalterable friends and brethren) to ufe the ax which I gave you Ja(t fummer, in conjundion with his ma- jefty's troops, whenever called upon, either at Ofwego, or any where elfc they may be employ- ed, to the utmoft of your power, as it is his majefty*s intention to ftand by you, and protcdt you, as well as his own fubjcds, againft the infults or attempts of any enemy whatever. Believe me, Brethrt^n, this is the proper time to convince your Father, the great King of England, and your Brethren, of your fincerity and attachment to -their intertft, by your a(Sing vigoroufly with his troops, which 1 moft iieartily advife you to do, [35l doj as it is of the utnioft confequence to our mutual intereft, .. -rv ■,-■'■. ( r . , ;; . A large belt. Brethren, I muft now acquaint yoU, that I propofe meet* ing you at Ofwego next fpring, and dcfire you Will join with me in the invitation I Ihall fend to your friends and allies, far and near, to come to faid meeting; when and where you and they fliall re- ceive a handfome prefent from your Father the great King of England, who is very defirous of bringing all nations worthy of his and your al* Jiance, into the covenant-chain at that meeting. J hope, wc (hail then be able to make fuch an al- liance, and fettle matters in fuch a manner, an4 fb .much to our mutual advantage, as will give reafon to all concerntd, and their pofterity, to fekfs that happy duy we met together. .u:: .... A belt. It Th anfwer of the Jtx nations^ the 2 ift of •1 r' February I yCfC, Red Head, fpeaker. •* ' Present The hon. Will. Johnfon, Lieut. Miller, The Rev. Dr. Ogilvie, 1 ieuc, Dunbar, Capt. Buckworth, Three Interpreters. Brother Warraghiyagey, We meet you with the greateft pleafure at this fire-place, and heartily join you in your wifhes, that it may burn bright to the lattl> po- fterity ; let us mutually endeavour to colled fuch materials for the ufe of this our fire, as may tend F to I jritl I', •<■ %. f [36] to fupport it in its full ftrength, as long as the fun and moon endureth. A belt. Brother Warraghiyagey, We acknowledge that this tree was folemnly and juv icioufly planted for our mutual welfare, its roots reach to the remoted habitations of the confederacy, and its branches afford a friendly retreat to us and all our allies and dependants. Brother, take a tender care of it, fee that it be fed plentifully by friendly ftreams, that it may increafe and fpread its branches fo far, that it may be a fufficient (hade, not only for us, but alfo for all other nations, which may hereafter come into our alliance. A belt. ^ Brother Warraghiyagey, - We heartily rejoice with you upon our late fuccefs, and affure you it gives us a folid pleafure. A belt. Brother Warraghiyagey, We are extremely well pleafed, that our late condud was fo highly acceptable to the great King our Father. A belt. Brother Warraghiyagey, We affure you, that we, on our parts, do with equal pleafure and friendlhip join with you at this time of public commotion, in brightening and ftrengthening the covenant-chain, that has fo long united us together. Let us mutually and ftedfaftly adhere to our engagements, notwith- ftanding the crafty intrigues of our perfidious and blood-thirfty enemies. Let us vigoroufly endeavour to fruftrate all their treacherous de- figns, that fo we may reap the good effedls of I ^ this [37l this our union, which has long been theobje£i:' of their envy. With this belt we do mod fo- lemnly renew the engagements of ihe antient co- venant-chain. .',,'1 A belt. { Brother Warraghiyagey, We always look'd upon the Delawares as the, rriore immediate care of * Onas, that they were within the circle of his arms ; we are therefore of opinion, that he has not taken that friendly care of them as he ought to do, and therefore our common enemy hath taken the advantage of his negledl ; for we can't but think, that if there had been proper meafures taken, they would have (till continued faithful friends Co the Englilh Intereft. - A belt. ; Brother Warraghiyagey, We are fenfible ot the care of the great King's appointing general Shirley to fucceed general Braddock ; and we are extremely thankful for the particular inftruflions he has given him, to cultivate a ftrid friendfhip between us and him, and to proteft our lands, and recover thofc en- croached upon by our common enemy: we hope and expeft, that he will ftriflly adhere to his majefty's inftrudtions, by proteding us from the bloody incurfions of our treacherous enemies, and ufe his utmoft endeavours to recover thofe lands which they have clandeftinely wrefted out of our hands. i > > /• ■ • A belt. ; Brother Warraghiyagey, We are very thankful for the aflurance he gives us, that the foldiers poded in this pro- F 2 vince ♦ By Onas, they, here, mean governor Morris, i [38] vtnce ift to hold thcmfelvcs in fcadineft tb de- fend us upon any fuddcn emergency ; for we affurc you, we are .ipprehcnfive, that as the French find, that ail their delufive and wheedling arta have not had their dcfired cfFcd, they may throw off their difguifc, and rufli in upon us with 4 voracious fury, like the wolves ot the wildtrncfs. ^ ' ' ' A belt. •'_ Brother Warraghiyag'-y, ' -. . . « "We are pieafed that the information we gave, with rcfpedi: of tiie dtfigns of the French againft Ofwego, has been acceptable to you, and our brethren the Englifh ; and we promife, for the future, to keep up a ftrift vigilance. The ax has been frequently put into the hands of our tore^ fathers, by our brethren the Englifh, and they always utcd it with the utmoft vigour, till it was taken out of their hands, We affure you, that we intt lul, punctually, to conform to the bright and brave examples they fet us ; and we hope, this will be a fufficient proof of our finccrity an4 fidelity to the great }Cing our Father, A belt, ' ' " Brother Warraghiyagey, Your propofal of taking a few embers fronfj the fire at Onondago, to kindle a fire at Ofwego, and meeting us there this fpring, is highly ac- ceptable to us, as we have good reafon to think that the light and warmth of that fire, will invite many nations to meet us there ; and, we make ro doubt that the things you will propofe to their CQnfideration, will carry fuch light and convic- tion with them, as will be fufficient to er»gage them to join in our confederacy ; and we pro- inife, to ufe the utmoft endeavours to accomplilH rtat great eve^t j ^nd we dput^t nor, but that our fhildrens [ 39 1 children! children will have reafon to remember that happy day. Brother, wc very chcarfully concur with this your propofal, as we arc convinced you will pro- pofc nothing but what is for our mutual intcreft. A belt. Brother Warraghiyagcy. '" We have now opened our minds with free- dom and fincerity, and wc underftand each other clearly •, let us mutually remember our engage- ments,which we have again fo folcmnly renewed ; and if at any time, our enemy fliould attack us, prove, by your readinefs to fupport and aflift us, that you really love us j and we aflure you, we ihall not be wanting on our parts, to give proofs of the like Bdellty and friendfhip. ' = ^ • A belt. * !^; ,li /f/ a meeting of thejix nations ^ February the 2id» 1756* - bruary 2^th, 1756. Brother Warraghiyagey, We the warriors of the Kanufkago, upon our arrival, informed you, we were come down merely to fee you, and hear your words at this publicK meeting i as we are young and unexperienced, and have never been at any meeting with the gover- nor, we hope you will make a kind allowance, for our want of ability in fpeaking •, and we beg Jeave to afTure you, that the reafon of our never attending the meetings before, was not the want of aflfedlion to the Englilh, but was entirely ow- ing to our remote fituation, which prevented a timely and proper notice. Brother Warraghiyagey, As goods are vaftly dear and ordinary in our parts, upon our determination to come to this meeting, we thought proper to bring feme Ikins and furs with us, in order to purchafe fome ne- ceffaries for ourfelves and families ; and we beg you will, as a brother, direct us where we may be fupplied with the belt, and upon the mod rea- fonable terms. Brother Warraghiyagey, We beg leave to aflure you, nothing can give us more fatisfa(5tion than the Ipeech we heard you deliver to the fix nations, on our arrival ; as it con- tained nothing but what is quite righf, and has a direct tendency to our welfare, we think our time well i go to lion for />- f 53 ] well fpent in coming down j for, if we had not, probably we Ihould not have heard all you have faid, for we are convinced, from what we now heard you fay, that our fachems heretofore, have fmothered the greatcft part of your former ad- vices i and we affure you, wc fhall now fpread your advice among all our people, who are con- fiderably numerous. Threw down a pack of Ikins. Brother Warraghiyagey, As we are warriors, we are not acquainted with the ceremonials of publick meetings, and, there- fore, exprefs what we have to fay, in a narrow compafs i we have no more to offer at prefent, and hope, you will cxcufe the trouble we have given you on this occafion. And fo ended. Brethren, I have given attention to your words, and (hall ferioufly confider your defire j but cannot give you an anfwer until to-morrow ; I chufe to deli- berate maturely upon every thing that I fay, be- caufe my word once given, is as binding as cement to a llone. Brother Warraghiyagey, We return you thanks, for your kind promifes, of confidering our defire, and as we fee you arc crowded, and full of bufinefs, of more impor- tance, we (hall with patience wait your leil'ure. February 26th, 1756. Brethren, I told you laft night, that I paid due atten- tion to what you had faid, and would confi- der your requeft, and give you anfwer this day. H 2 In ^ 1 1 1 ; » l)i 11 1 '1 H il ' HJ Ir \ 1 II fl^D V ^y I^H vl'i I^H III 1 I M I 1 'i'l' ^H ii(N H ■^i! H A jUI f-.K ^H m i-mU ^H w niii ': H ill 1 P . 1 1 ^:| Pi III 11 M ff : ■jl |i [54] In the firft place, I affure you, it gives me no fmal! pleafure to hear, that my fpeech was fo a- greeable to you, and that you would acquaint all your nation with the contents of it. I beg you will not fail in this particular, as it points out, what will make you a happy people, if duly attended tO', which, from your unanimity and zeal at this conference, I have no reafon to doubt. I am forry you ha^e not been duly invited to former meet- ings, agreeable to my orders, and promife that for the future you Ihall have proper notice ♦, and I hope you will be always ready to aflift us, both in the council and the field, with all the chiefs and warriors of that caftle, who (ball be treated as Friends and brethren. Brethren, In the next place, as I have no goods to fell myfelf, I will take all poflible care that you are not impofed upon in your trade, at Schenedady, I fhall give directions to Mr. Stevens, the inter- preter, to aflift you, and fee that juftice be done you, in every refpedt, for I have a great regard for your caftle, and as a proof of it I prefent you with thefe goods. Giving them at the fame time a handfome prefent, and three filver gorgets to three of their principal warriors, viz. Tarrawariax, Tahononfaronwc, and Kindarundy, who was the chief. Brother Warraghiyagey, "We return you (jur hearty thanks, for all your kind expreflions of affcdion, and love fhewn to us at this time •, and we in return aflTurc you, that you may depend on our fincerity and readinefs to fcrve you, whenever you call upon us j and you [ 5S] you know very well, that whatever warriors pro- mife, is facrcd. Brethren, I return you thanks for your fincere profeffions of friend (hip. And fo parted. February 27, 1756. At a meeting of the Qnondagas. Brother Warraghiyagey, We, the Onondagas, very readily embrace this opportunity offered us, of having a fort built for the protection of our caftle j and upon our return home, Ihall chufe a proper fituation for it i as foon as the feafon of the year will permit^ we beg you will not delay to fend proper work- men to build it. As we have for fome time pa(t had an acquaintance with lieut. Mills, we (hould be glad to have him as our officer. And as Wil- liam Printup underftands the Indian language well, it would be agreeable to us to have him refide with us, as a fmith, and at the fame time to ferve as an interpreter between the officer and us. Brethren, I ffiall acquaint general Shirley with your de- fire, and make no doubt he will comply with it. The fort fliall be built -vith all poffible expedi- tion i and whatever officer is ported in it, will no doubt have particular orders, to be careful of your fafcty, and to treat you with all the marks of affcdion and friend fliip. Jinded. February I 56] February 27. 1756. At a meeting of the Scnecas. Takcaghfado, fpeaker. Brother Warraghiyagey, Our brother, the governor of New York, was fo good the laft year, as to promife us a fmith to mend our arms and tools, and that he (hould refide among us until the corn was a foot high \ but he labouring under the misfortune of a lore leg, was obliged to leave us fome time fooner. ,We acknowledge, you fent us a fmith laft fum- mer, with whom we are well pleafed, and beg you will continue him with us till the corn is a foot high ; then he may come down for the ne- ceflaries he may have occafion for, and then wc hope, he will foon return to us. Brethren, I was prefent when the governor of New York laft year, promifed to fend you a fmith, which he accordingly did, and one agreeable to you \ if he did not ftay there the time appointed, the governor was not culpable, as he could not be fuppofed to know any thing of his coming away. I am very glad, you are pleafcd with the fmith I fent you laft year; and, as you are dcfirous he fhould remain there, until your corn is fuch a length, I very readily agree to it, and fhall order him, accordingly, to ftay that time. Ended. February [ S7] February 27. 1756.' y^t a private meeting of the fachems and •warriors of the Canajoharee-cajlle, Abraham, the great Hendrick's brother, fpeaker. Brother Warraghiyagey, We, the fachems and warriors of Canajoharee, take this opportunity, to fay fomething te you, relative to our own a^airs \ as your great trouble is now moftly over. Brother Warraghiyagey, When fir ft we were alarmed with thefe public commotions, you wa" ^-^ kind, at our requeft, to promife us a for ' >r the protedlion of our caftle. We acknowledge 'ou have pundluaily performed your promife, f that, at the time when the confederacy was coming down laft fummer, it was completely finiflied. Mr. Fry, on hear- ing of our application for men to garrifon it, applied to you on behalf his fon, that he might be the commander thereof-, you anfwered, that you would confult the Indians, whether he was agreeable or no, which you did. In anfwer to which, we declared, he w«is agreeable to us, and, that it would be more acceptable to have thofe, with whom we were acquainted, than ftrangers. Brother Warraghiyagey, We were miftaken in our choice ; for altho' he made us the faireft promifes, that he would* during our abfcnce, take care of our lands and the crop then in the field, he was altogether de- ficient in the performance, by which negle(fl, we entirely loft our crops ! In this melancholy fitii- 7 ation, [58 J ation, we make our application to you, aflliring you, chat without your aHiftance, in this articlci wc muft greatly fuffer. Brother Warraghiyagey, Wc, the warriors ot this caftle, look on our- felves as under obligation, always to be ready at a call, upon any emergency •» and therefore, as wc cannot at prcfent fall upon any means of retriev- ing our lofs, we look to you for fupport : our fences have alfo fuffered much, in our abfcnce j wc beg your afliftance in repairing them. Brother Warraghiyagey, As foon as you informed us, that yen were ready for war, wc gave you a fufficient proof of our regard for you, in our rcadinefs to attend you ; we have alfo, at your requeft, ftopp'd all cur warriors, for fonie years pad, from making any excurfions againft the Flatheads *, and turned our weapons againft our common enemy, agree- able to your dcfire : in (hort, we hope we have, upon all occafions, given you reafon to think, that we have a fincere regard for you. Brother Warraghiyagey, , Our fpirits are now pretty much funk, at the lofs of fo many of our principal fachems and warriors, wiio Icll at Lake George •, we look to you, to raifc them up agreeable to our cuftoms. Brother Warraghiyagey, At the rcqiR-ft of the upper nations, without our confent, tlie felling of ftrong liquor is entirely forbid i • Who live ffveral hundred miles from the fix nations, and with whom they have been at war time immemorial. ti9\ forbid i we hav: no defign to contradi(fl any tl)ing they do, but only rcqucll, that we may have leave to procure a little fof our comfort. .Three ftrings of wampum. Brethren, .^ It gives me great concern, with you, that the per Ion who had the care of * your fort and caftle, had, in your abfence, neglcded the charge 1 gave him of both ; but as he was your own choice, there is the lefs to be laid j however, I (hall re- primand him for it, fcvercly. As I am fully con- vinced of your loyalty to his Majtfty, and readi- nefs at all times to follow my dirtftion, you iliall not want any afTiftance in my power, to fup- ply your wants, and to contribute to your hap- pinefs i asaproof of which, I ftiall now order you three hundred Ikipplcs of corn, for your fupport ; and fhould that fall lliort, let me know it, anvl you fliall have a further fupply, until you are able to raife your own grain. 1 fliall alfo give orders, that your fences be inmicdiately repaired i and as for your warriors, 1 fhall fend you a prc- fent by the firft opportunity, worthy the fingular fervices you have done your country, with me laft campaign. Three ftrings of wampum. Brethren, As 1 have nothing more at heart, than the wel- fare and happinefs of the people of your caftlc, who have always been our fteady friends, I am fcnfibly affcftcd, and fincercly fympathize with you, upon the great lofs you have lulhined, by the death of two of your principal fachems, and likewife fome of your young men at Lake George ; we ihouki comfort ourfeWes with the thoughts, that thofe friends of ours, who dropped that day, 1 died 3 11 H • [60] died bravely in their country's caufc, and tlut their memory will be honoured to the end of time. As it is neceflary for us to fupply as Nvell, and as loon as wc can, the place or the two grear lachcms loft that day, I hope you have confi- dered of proper perfons for that important truft: , if you have, I fliould be glad you would pro- duce them, that I may give them the proper marks of diftin«5tion, and enter their names among the reft of the fachems. Brother Warraghiyagey, We, the fachems and warriors of the Cana- juharee-caftle, are much obliged to you, for yout friendly and good opinion of us ; we alTure you, we fhall daily endeavour to merit it more and more, by convincing proofs of our loyalty or', any occafion. Brother Warraghiyagey, We, the fachen)s and warriors, return you our moft hearty thanks, for your kind and well- timed fupply of corn, and promife of a further fupply, ifneteffaryi the repairing of our fences, will be lik( wife ot tlie greateft fcrvice to us, as without them, we can raifc no grain for the enfu- ing year. I'his care of us, in our diflrefs, adds greatly to the many obligations we already lie under, and can never be forgot. Brother Warraghiyagey, We, the warriors of Canajoharee, are ex- tremely pleafed with the favourable opinion you have of our behaviour in the late adlion at Lake (jforge, which alone animates us much, and greatly g w et end of ell, and o grear - confi- it truft •, kl pro- pronti among ? Caiia- or yoiif re you, )rc and ley Of rn you d well- rurther fences, us, as : rnfu- , adds itiy lie e ex- n you Lake and reatly [6. 1 greatly elevates our minds, notwitliftanding they were lo much deprefs'd : we are extremely oblig- ed to you, for the prefcnt you intended us, and fliall receive it with the greatcft gratitude. Brother Warraghiyagey, We take your anxiety, for fupplying the place of the two great facliems loft, who chieHy managed our affairs, as afingular mark of your regard lor our welfare: wc prefcnt you one of our molt ca- pable men to fuccecd our deccafed brother, Tar- raghioris, of the tribe of the Turtle, and hope, our choitc may meet your approbation. Wc have not as yet fixed upon one to fucceed the great Hendrick •, when wc do, we fliall immediately acquaint you. Three firings of wampum. Brethren, As a proof of my regard for your choice, I * now in the prefence of your whole cafllc, invefl him with all the powers of a fachem, and put on him thofe marks of diflin<5lion, which 1 wifli hmi long life to wear. Ended. The Oghquagoc Indians, before ilicy parted, made the following fpeech. Adam, fpcakcr. Brother Warraghiyagey, We are now ready to return, having heard all you had to fay j which, wc alfure you, has made fo deep an imprcffion on our minds, as not to be forgot. We would only beg leave to defirt* I 2 one • The firft Britilh fubjci"t, or European, perhaps, that ever they honoured fo much ! Never was one more beloved by them. — Wc are ferry wc arc ignorant ol this grand ceremony. [ 62 ] pne favour of you, before we go ; that if, to have a trading-houfe built in our country, ami a, conftant fupply of goods-, which would not only add greatly to our happincfs, but would alfo in- creafe our numbers, as it would draw Indians from all parts within loo miles of us, to fettle among us : if you will gratify us in this', yovi will greatly add to the many favours already received. A belt. Brethren of Oghquagoc, I have fo good an opinion, and fo many con- vincing proots, of your loyalty to the great King your Father, and afFeflion to your brethren the Englifh, that I have not the lealt reafon to doubt your fincerity, nor the ieaft objeflion to build- ing you a trading-houfe, as foon as that unhappy alVair is fettled, between the Indians of the lower fettlements on your rivfr anil your brethren the Englidi, which I hope will be very foon. t- ■ They returned their hearty (hanks, and fq parted. f I N I S, A D- [ 63 ] ADVERTISEMENT. 'S yfS fever al copies of the following account •*-* of' conferences bad been difperfed about town, one of which having fallen into our bands y on aperufal,we judged its publication^ in an appendix to the foregoing fheetSy might likewife be acceptable. It contains the fub- fiance of what pajfcd between fome of tbe chiefs of the fame Indians, who were the principal fpcakers at Sir William fohnfons treaties, and divers eminent ^takers, at the houfe of a gentleman remarkable for his polite behaviour, good fenfe^ and a Jleady attach- ment to the principles he makes a profef- fion of As the fubjeSi-matter, then treated on, dif- fers widely from what pafj'ed at Fort fohn- fon, though entirely confijlent with the pttb- lie tenets of the whole body of chrijlians under the above name, we Jhall not anticipate any opinion the reader may form, by an eulogy en the fiihjeBi nor on both or either of the parties j neither flM we pafs any ccnfure ; but leave every one to make what judgment he pleafes. JVe Jhall ojily add, that it would be ill-natured to infmuatc, that the liberty we take in pubUjhing this, can give the leaji Ci'ufe of offence to that foci cfy. They are too wife D *wif(r a people^ to be ajhamed of having their traufa^icns laid before the public ^ nvhen con* dutfed in the manner tbofe have been. Plots againjl government^ joggling parties in their own fraternity^ and doSfrines they hold, but are ajhamed to cvow^ and unwilling to de* fend, never could be charged to their account^ without doing them the moji manifefi in* jujiice, ^ "vV • • ■\ ;» A « *, » . . A p. 'g theli* '•?« con* P/ots in their oldy but • to de^ account^ feji in* [65] A P- APPENDIX. Subftance of Conference between feveral Shakers in Phtladdphta^ and the heads of the fix Indian nations. Sub/lance of an occafional converfation with fevcral Jndians after dinner^ at Ij'racl Pemiferton*s, on the iQth ^.mOi * iy^6. Present Scarroyada, an Indian Abraham Farrington, Jortiua Dixon, Il'rael Pcnibcrton, Mary Pcmberton, Owen JoncF, Anthony Benezct, James Pcmberton. chief, Kaghrwooghtaniyonde, or the old belt t, Kayenquirigoa, or Jo- nathan, Canachtogo, a Cayuga, Jonathan's wife and ion, Conrad Wcifcr Andrew Montour t interpreters. •' - Daniel Claus «' 1 •• — ' Ifracl Pembcrton, addrefling himfclf to the In- dians, faid, ': ' '■ ;■■ Brethren, Am glad to fee you here, and to have an opportunity o\ informing you, that as William Pcnn, and our fathers, who firft fettled this province, were men of peace, and againft all wars, fo there are ftill many of us, their children, who hold the fame prin- ciples ; • Viz. April. f This, and the other Englilh ad- ditions to ihcir names, arc given by iJic Englifh. [66 ] ciples J and we hope there are many of yovir people, who ftill have a love and regard for their old friends. To which Scarroyada replied, I am vc:i y glad to hear this account •, we love th.it principle of peace, and wi(h ail mankind wire of the fame mind ; knowing, it wouKl pre- vent any caufe of difference or contention be- tween us and the Kngiifli, and take away the occafion of war. ^ ... ,„ . Ifrael Pemberton. ■ * ' ' It gives me great plt^afure to hear what you fay, and that the remembrance of William Penn is fo dear to you : my grandfather and great grandfather were his particular friends, his coun- fellors, and men of the fame principles j and there are many of my friends who really love and refpeft you -, and though we are not concern- ed in the government, have good eltates in it, and wilh its welfare and profpcrity : but we arc made very forrowful, by the bad condu or Iggrca, Karondow, or New-calUe, Oftinados, Sircha George, Oghfaghrahkc, Thick-leg, Oghwilloony the Imith, or Lance-indian, Ifohogata, Green-jacket, • lyadaroonie, David, Thonaghtogo, the Cayuga, Woatladacko, Scanoyada's boy, Aroas, Silver-heels, William Loquus, a Delaware, And leveral Indian women, Conrad Wcifer ^ Andrew Montour V interpreters. Daniel Ciaus ^ Scarroyada li* (73] Scarroyada (landing up faid, * * ' Brethren, Dircding his difcourfc to Onas (by which they mean, people like minded with the firft fettlcrs) wc arc very glad to hear fo many of your fort of people arc now alive, that you rife again from the dead \ and though we have been loli, to one another, a great wliile, wc are very glad to hear you are of the fame fentiments with Onas: fincc he was dead there have from time to time come new ^overnors> one after another, and another fortof people, different from the firft fettlers j and fincc we loft him, (meaning Onas) we are very glad at your rifing up, and holding the white belt in your hands, as an emblem of peace, to endeavour to reconcile the people, that are ac war : we will hold fall what you fay, and carry it to the fix nations, and add ftrength to it, who will be very glad to hear there arc fomc people, of the fame principles of the firft fettlcrs, for wc have not heard of you for many years. A ftring. Brethren, Wc are glad to hear you fpcak after :he lan- guage of Onas, and of the principles of peace, he preached or recommended j wc thought there were no more of the people, of that principle, left in this country •, wc are giad to fee you now, and hear you fpeak j wc will affift you, and lay your belt cf peace before the fix nations, who will be glad to hear of you; and though this may look to contradid what the governor has faid to us, wc do not mean fo j but let •:hat be as it is, we aflurc you, what you pr()pr>.l"e to us, is what we like beft, and we will affift you in it, 4 anc n Wi [7+1 and Hiall fend thcfe three Indians, pointing to Ncwcadie, Iggrca, and William Loquus, to "Wymoang, to let our coufins know there are a people riicn in Philadelphia, who defire to have peace redorcd ; and that they mu(l ceafe from do- ing any more mifchicf, and not be afraid, but b6 willing, to treat with you i and we are fure they will mind our melTage, and what we defire will be granted. Second ftring. Brethren, As things are now circumftanced, we would not have you to venture your lives to go, or fend any meflagc, over the mountains, to the Dclawares and Shawancfe, they arc now your and our enemies •, we will venture our lives to make the road clear i but do you ftay where you are, if they have their throats cut, you cannot then hear from them •, but it may plealc the Mod llijjli, that they may return mcflcng-^rs of peace j and if they (hould bring you an agreeable anfwer, wc then defire you may adl the part of wife men, and be caretul in rectling a treaty, and then yoU may go to meet them •, but Jo not Itir till you hear from us. A third firing. Brethren, As v/e told you before, tnefc three men, (two of whom are of the council of the fix nations and warriors, and the other one of our coufins) have undertaken to go whrrcvcr wc (hall fend them j and, perhaps, it may plcafe the Aoi\ Iligli, to bring ».hcm back in fakty, and with ai. agreeable liifwcr : if they come back, take notice of tlurm as of your firm friends; and as you arc children of Onus, and fomc of ui re of cbc council, and fotD'i to to )ave doo It be they will [75] fbmc warriors of the fix nations, we nrc very i\e^ firous, that by your means, the treaties of hiend- Ihip, which have formerly fubfiltcd between us, may now be renewed, and remain from geiu ra- tion Co generation, that the chain may be kept bright, and never contrail any rud again. Gave a ftring of wampum. Brethren, We hope you will not take amifs our anfwer- ing you with fo little wampum, and not making a return of a belt •, the times are very dilKcult with us, and we have very little wampum here, and we look upon the white belt you gave us, as belonging to you and us, and as an emblem of peace, and Ihall preicrve it an fuch, and carry ic to the fix nations. We have examined the foregoing, and certify that it contains the fubtlancc of the con- ference held between the Indians, and Wil- liam Logart, and others, tl^ ijd of April 1756. Conrad Wcifcr, J laniel Clau*?, Hcndrick [H ^*] Montour, ^•«/^o Andrew. The preceding minutes bcin^ called for, to lay before the governor, looncr than tx- pefted, there was not time to review and add the following minutes, which ought t(j have been done, viz. Ifrael Pembcrton, We are glad to hear what you faid to us : wc believe it to be fpoken in finceuty, and v/hat yoa really think-, and though wc judge it nrcrdary, oa matters of importances to ublcrve the- good L mcihui l.i f76] method pradlifed by you, to take time to deli- bf.ratc \ yt I, as we now believe you have opened the real fcntiments of your hearts to us lo we, being all of one heart and mind, and knowing many more of our brethren, true Quakers, who will join ui herein \ can without any hefita- tion readily anfwer, and aflure you, that we re- ceive all you have faid with great pleafurc ; and whatever may be the event of our endeavours, wc hu])e, on all occafions, to dcmonftratc our real Jove and rrgard to you. , To which they ail gave the ufual expreflfionft ot approbation. llicn Scarroyada, adrelTing himfclf to the inter- preters, faid : , As we are obliged to make ufe of your ears and tongues, we dcfire you may be hearty and finccrc in atttntiing to the bufinefs now under- taken, and to join, with our brethren and us, in carrying the fame into execution i — and he inti- mated, that if they did fo, they would merit our riHJtLial regard. To which Ifrael Pemberton anfwcrcd: We approve ot the prudent advice you gave thfm, and wc hope they will remember it, and a])pi(>vc thtinltlves worthy of our rcgardv which wc (hail not be wanting to manitell to them in a grntetui manner ; and added : As y'iu arc now going on your journey, and the weather grows warm, we give you ibmc hand- kerchiefs tu wjpc the fwcat from your faces, and fomc final! mairers f tor your wives, with fomc h^.orc medals, which they thankfully received, and di(\ributed I ^•n^<' ''"'Cii Jol.iigr flfwertd filk Tn(fk hi»ndkerchioft| -^eh us the;. a:e icud ut, wit« (eiuc uiilc:t ior ihcir yvuiuco. leli- med I77l diftributcd to each prcfcnt, rcfcrving a Few For fome of their brethren, &c. in town Tick, and then Ifrael Femberton added : As you mentioned to us, you thought we all ought to apply to the Good Spirit, that is over all, to fubdue the evil fpirit, which had influ- enced thofc, who had done lb much mifchief ; we fincerely and heartily agree with you, and Ihali fervently dcfire, and pray to God, to change cheir hearts -, and that if it be his will, he would pro- tect the melTcngers now going, and grant that they may return i'afcly, and with the melTage of peace. Which they attended to, and received with a be- coming folidity and fatisfadion. Brother Onas, Wc that are both councillors and warriors of the fix nations, and women •, we return you marf thanlcs for what you have given us, and (hould be glad we had words fufhciently exprcflivc of our love and regard to you. Then, with mutual, friendly falutations, by the good old cudom of Ihaking hands, the confer- ences ended, and Scarroyada, and moid of the Indians, fet out on the 25th 4mo, for New York, and thence to Onondago, and the three ambaflfa- dors, under the conduct of A. I. Spangenberg 4nd others^ by way of Bethlehem to Wyoming. Copy examined, *^ Israel Pemberton. FINIS, E R A T U M. In the notCi page 15, 1. 2. for 7, read t.