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TlUliri -~iiri^r I'liitii "''- it-')

HAKLUYT'S

COLLECTION OF THE EARLY

VOYAGES, TRAVELS, AND DISCOVERIES,

OPTIIB

ENGLISH NATION,

A NEW EDITION, WITH ADDITIONS.

THE FIFTH AND LAST VOLUME.

LONDON:

PMINTED FOn R. H. EVANS, 26, PALL MALL J AND H. PRIESTLEY,

HOLBORN.

1812.

't»r--..

-■-*^ J,.— -''??

V -^ - J .■] Vf /, T

OF Tins EDITION TIJEUE AllE ONLY *iO COPIES PRINTEU ON HOVAL PAPER AND 7 J ON IMPEIllAl. PAPER.

(;. WOODFAU.

C^'

"» ..f

1 ^D^

O. WuuUtALl, I'tlMUt, I'JtUllL'.Ul IvJA-, l.iJIldii,

A CATALOGUE

OF THB

VOYAGES, &c. OF THIS FIFTH VOLUMK.

A Voy«({e made by certaine Ship* of Holland into lh« East Indies, who set forth on the 2d of April,
I5y5, and returned on the 1 4ih of April, 1597. . . . . .

llie Prosperous and Speedy Voiage tolaua in the East Indies, performed by a fleete of 8. Ships of Am-
sterdam : which set forth from Tcxell in Holland, tlie First of Maie 1 598, whereof 4. returned againe
the 1!» of luly I5y9, the other 4. went forward from laua for the Moluccas.

Ncwes from the Kast Indies : or a Voyage to Bengalla, one of the greatest Kingdonies under the high
and mi^'luy IVince Pedesha Shassallem, usually called the Great Mogull, with their detestable religion,
mad and foppish rites, wicked sacrifices and impious Customes ....

The Fardle vf Kacions, conteining the Aunciente Maners, Customes and Lawes of the Peoples En-
habiting the two partes of the Earth, called AlVricke and Asie. . . . .

The Conquest of the Grand Canaries, made this last Summer by threescore and thirteene saile of
Shipi)e», sent forth at the Command of the States Generall to the Coast of Spaine and the Canarie
Isles. ••......

Tlir llislorie of the West Indies, containing the Actes and Aduentures of the Spaniards, which haue
ronipiered and |)eopled those Countries, published in Latin by Hakluytand translated by Lok.

Virginia richly valued, by the description of the Maine Land of Florida, her next Neighbour : out of
the foure yeeres continuall trauell and discouerie of Don Ferdinando de Soto and sixe hundred able
men in his com|>anie, translated out of the Portuguese by Hakluyt.

A Discovery of tlie Harmvdas, otherwise called the He of Divels : by Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George
Somiiiers, and Captayne Newport, set forth by Sil. lourdan. • • . .

A True (\)ppie of a Discourse written by a Gentleman, employed in the late Voyage of Spaine and
Piirtiiigalr : scjK to his particular friend, and by him published for the better satisfaction of all such
as hauing lieen ^ducecl by particular rejiort, haue entred into conceipU tending to the discredit of the
Enterprise, and Actors of the same. 1589. .....

The Omimons of Cales Voyage, stated and discui«ed by the Earl of Essex, from a Manuscript in the
possesion of the Man|uia of Staiibrd. ......

Page
1.

141

155

477
551

559
591

TOL

THE

DESCRIPTION OF A VOYAGE

MADE BV

CERTAINE SHIPS OF HOLLAND

INTO THE

EAST INDIES,

WITH THEIR ADUENTURES AND SUCCESSE :

TOOETIIBK

WITH THE Di:SCRlI>TION OV THE COUNTRIES, TOWNRS, AND INHABITANTES OP

THE SAME :

WHO SET FORTH ON THE SECOND OF APRH.I,, 1595, AND RETURNED ON THE U OF

AUGUST, 1597.

TRANSLATED OUT OF DUTCH INTO ENGLISH BY W. P.

LontSMn ;

IMPKINTED BY lOH.V WOLFE.

1598.

rot. T.

'*v

•;|

TO THE

RIGHT WORSHIPFULL

SIR [AMES SCUDAMORE, KNIGHT.

Right worshinrull, lliiii small trcatie (written in Dutch, shewing a late voyage performed
by certuiii Iloltander* to the iHlandt-s o( lauu. part of the East Iiidien) falling into my
handcM, anil in my iudgcment deserving no Ictwe commendation then those of our Countrey-
men, (a^Caplaine Kaimundc in the Penelope, Maister Foxcroft in the Marchant Royafl,
and M. laincii I^ncastcr in the Edward Bonaucnture, vnto tlie said East Indies, by the Cape
de Dona Sprrance. in Anno 1591, as also \l. iohn Newbery, and Raphael Ftch ouer land
through Siria from Aleppo vnt« Ormus and Goa, and by the said Raphael Firh himselfe to
Bcngaia, \fuiocra, Pegu, and other places in Anno \bS3. as at large appeareth in a booke
written by M. Kiciiard Haclutb a Gentleman very Mudious therein, and entituled the
Engli!<h vDyages) I thought it not vnconuenient to translate the same into our mother
tongue, thereby to procure more light and encouragement to such as are desirous to trauell
those Countries, for the common wealth and commoditie of this Realme and themselues.
And knowing that all men are not like affected, I was so bold to shrowd it vnder your
worships protection, as being assured of your good disposition to th? fauoring of trauell
and trauellers, (and whereby it hath pleased God to aduance you to that honourable title*
which at this present you beare) and so not fitter for the protection of any then your selfe :
and as a poore friend wishing all happines and prosperity in all your valiant actions.
Which if it please your worshippe to like and accept, it may procure the proceeding in a
more large and ample discourse of an East Indian voyage, lately performed and set forth
by one Iohn Ilughcn of Linschoten, to your further delight. Wherewith crauing your
fauor, and beseeching God to blessc your worship, with my good Ladie your wife, I most
humbly take my leaue :

This 16. of lanuarie.
1597.

Your Worships to commaunde
W. Phillip.

lli

iy i »4ll l u ll - ,3. 11 11 i 1 «ii — m: .^Kn

■>'■'..

*^^'- v> -^.^ „-

■^

.i- Ut't 'jK'u^ • '•

I .

TO TMI

DAYUEFBS, BUROHEMAISTERS, AND COUNSELL

Ol- THE TOWN OF MIDDKLROKUII IN ZEELANDU

IT may well bee thought (Right wor^hipfull) a< many Ifarnod men nrc of opinion, that
the aclionH and aducnlurcH nf the anricnts long since done & performed, haue becne 8ct
forth witii more show of wonder and sirangenesse then they in truth denerucd : the reaiton as
I think was, hecauttc that in theme dait-N there wire many learned and wine men, who in their
writingH xoughi by all ineancii they could lo rxrcll each otiicr, touching the deHcription of
Countries ^Hc n.itions; And againe to the coiitrarie, for want of k<hhI Iliitoringraphen* and
writcrw, many famous acten and traucU of diners nations and Countries lie hidden, nnd in a
manner buried vnder ground, as wholly ft rgotlen and vnknownc, vnlewc it were such as the
Grecians and Romanes f<r ihcir owne glories and aduantages thought good to declare. But
to come to the n\;iltcr of voya;ios by sea, it is ciiident to all the world, what voyage lason
with rcrlaine yong Ort-iian IVinrcs made to Colchos in the Oriental Countries to winne the
golden Fleece, m also the trauels by lien ules performed into Libia in the Wesit partes, to
winne the Atirea Mala or golden apples of llcsperidcs, which notwithstanding neither for
length, daunccr, nnr prolite, are any thing comparable to the nanigations and voyagesi, that of
late within tlie space of one huiidrcth years haue been performed & made into the Ea^t Sc
\\'est Indies, wlwrcby in a manner there is not one hauen on the sea coast, nor any point of
land in the whole wwild, but hath in time becne souglu and founde out. I will not at this
present dinputc or make an argument, whether the Countries and nations of late yearcM
ioniid out and disci ucred, wire knownc to the auncients, but this is most ccrtaine, that not
anv strange workc or aducntiire was, or cuer shall be |»erformed, but by the speciall grace,
faiu)ur and n\i>;litic hand of (iod, and iliat smh arc worthy perpetual memory, as with noble
minds li:nu' -ougjit to eni'( ', and be the first enterprisers thereof, and with most \aliant
cour.iges and wiscdonics, ham- |ierf( rined «uch long and dangerous voyages into the Kast and
West Indies, as also such Kingcs and Princes, as with their Princely liberalities haue iinplnyed
their treasures, ••liippe<, men and nuMiiii.>ns to the furtherance and performance of so worthy
;u tes, \v!iirli noiwithsi.' idiiig in the end turned •" their great atluanccmentes and inriching
^vith '^r I* trea-ures, which by those mcanes they haue drawn, & caused in great abound-
amc t ' be broni^ht from theiue, in such manner, that the King of Spainc nowe liuing,
(hu'iing both the Indies in his possession, iS.: rea|>ing the abundant treasures which yearly
arc brought out of those countries) hath not only (although couerfly) sought all the means
he could to bring ull ("hristondome vnder his dominion, but also (that which no King or
country what -oeiier although of greater might then he hath eucr done) hee is not .ashamed
to \se this |)i)sie, Nee spt>, nrc metu. And although the first founders and discc)uerers ot
those Countries haue alwayes sought to hinder and intercept other nations from hauing any
part of tlioir uloric, yet hereby all naumis, & indillerent persons may well know and |)cr-
eeiue the speciall pulicie, and valour of these vnitcd Prouinccs, in trauelling into both the
■. ," • Indies,

„/•

vi THE EPISTLE.

Indies, in the faces, and to the great griefe oF their many and mighty enemies. Wherby it is
to be hoped, that if they continue in their enterprises begun, they will not onely draw the
most part of the Indian treasures into these Countries, but therel)y disinheritu & spoyle the
Countrie of Spayne of her principall reuenues, and treasures of marchandiscs and irafiques,
which she continually vseth and receyueth out of these countries, and out of Spayne are sent
into the Indies, and so put the King of Spaine himselfe in minde of his foolish deuise which
hec vseth for a posie touching the new world, which is, Non sufficit orbis, like a second
Alexander magnus, desiring to rule ouer all the world, as it is manifestly knownc. And be-
cause this discription is fall- n into my handes, wherein is contayned the first voyage of the
Low-country men into the East Indies, with the aduentures happened vnto them, set downe
and iustificd l:y such as were present in the voyage, I thought it good to put it in print,
with many pictures and cardes, whereby the reader may the ca'^ilier perceyue and discerne,
the natures, apparels, and fashions of those Countries and people, as also the manner of their
shippes, together with the fruitfulnesse and great aboundance of the same, hoping that this
my labour will not onely be acceptable vnto all Marchants nnd Saylers, which hereafter meane
to traffiqiie into those Countries, but also pleasant and profitable to all such as are desirous
to looke into so newe and strange things, which neuer heretofore were knownc vnto our
nation. And againe for that all histories haue their particular commodilie, (specially such as
arc collected and gathered together) not by com4non report, from the first, scconde, or thirde
man, but by such as haue scene and beene present in the actions, and that are liuing to
iustifie and verifie the same: And although eloquence and words well placed in shewing a
history, arc great ornamentes and beautifyinges to the same, yet such reports & declara-
tions are much more worthy creditc, & commendabler for the benefit of the commonwealth,
which are not set down or disciphcred by subtill eloquence, but showne and performed by
simple plaine men, such as by copiousnesse of wordes, or subtiltie do not alter or chaunge
the matter from the truth thereof, which at this day is a common and notorious fault in many
Historiographers : And thinking with mysclfe to whome I were best to dedicate the same, I
found it not fitter for any then for the right worshipfull Goucrnours of this famous Towne of
Middelborgh, wherein for the space of 19 yeares I haue peaceably continued, specially be-
cause your worships do not onely dialc with great store of shipping, and matter belonging to
nauigation, but are also well pleased to heare, and great furtherers to aduance both shipping
and trafliques, wherein consistcth not onely the welfare of all marchants, inhabitants^ and
rittizens of this famous City, but also of all the commonwealth of the vnitcd Prouinces.
hoping your worships wil not onely accept this my labour, but protect & warrantise the
same against all men: Wherwith I beseech God to bicsse you with wisedome, and godly
policie, to goucrne the Commonwealth: Middleborgh this 19 of October. 1597.

Your worships scruaiit to command

Bern&rot Langhcnez.

A BRIEFE

b^herby it ii
ly draw the
spoyle the
d trafiques,
tie are flcnt
;ui!ie which
,e a second
And be-
fage of the
, set downe
it in print,
id discerne,
ler of their
ig that this
ifter meane
ire desirous
ic vnfo our
]lly such as
e, orthirde
■e liuing to
I shewing a
fc declara-
monwealth,
•formed by
or chaunge
lit in many
the same, I
» Towne of
tecially be-
blonging to
h shipping
tants, and
Prouinccs,
rantise the
nnd godly

NCHENEZ.

V BRIEFE

BRIEFE DISCRIPTION

OP A

VOYAGE

PERFORMED BY CERTAINE HOLLANDERS, TO AND FROM THE EAST INDIES.

THEIR ADUENTURES AND SUCCESSE.

THc ancient Historiographers and discribers of the world haue much commended, and at
large wiili great praysc set downe the diners and seuerall voyages of many noble & va-
liant Captiins (as of Alexander Magnus, Seleucus, Antiochus, Patrocles, Onesecritus) into
the East Indies, which notwithstanding haue not set d^)wne a great |)art of those coontries,
as not being as then discouired, whereby it is thought and iudgcd by some men, that India
is the full third part of all the world, because of the great Pnuiinces, mighty cilties and
famous Islands ( full of easily marchandisrs, and treasures from thence brought into all partes
of the worlde) that arc therein: Wherein the auncient writers were very curious, and yet
not so much as men in our age : They had some knowledge thereof, but altogether vncertaine,
but we at this day are fully certified therein, both touching the countries, townes, streames
and hauens, with the trafiques therein vsed and frequented, whereby all the world, so farre
distant and seperated from those strange nations, arc by trade of marchandises vnited there-
vnto, & therby commonly know ne vnto them: The Portingalles first began to enterprise
the voyage, who by art of nauigatinn (in our time much more experienced & greater then
in times past, and therefore casilier performed) discouercd those wild Countries of India,
therein procuring great honour to their King, making his name famous and bringing a spe-
cial! aiid great profite of all kiiides of spices into their Countrie, which thereby is spread
throughout all the worlde, yet that suflircd not, for that the Englishmen (not infcriour to any
nation in the world for arte of nauigation) haue likewise vndertakcn the Indian voyage, and
by their said voyages into tliose Countries, made the same commonly knowne vnto their
Country, wherein Sir Frances Drake, and M. Candish are chiefly to bee commended, who
not onely sayled into the East Indies, but also rounde about the world, with most prosperous
voyages, by which their voyages, ours hauo beenc furthered and set forwarde, for that the con-
dition of tlic Indies is, that the more it is sayled into, the more it is discouered, by such as saylc
the same, so strange a Counfrey it is; So that 1 ides the famous voyages of the Countries afore-
said, in the ende certain people came into Holland ( a nation wel known ) certifying them, that
they might easily prepare cerlaine shippes to say le into the F.ast Indies, there to traffique & buy
spyces etc. By sayling straight from Hollande, and also from other countries bordering about it,

with

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

Thefoure Hollanders'

the ships Ktiaile.

¥'

with desire to see strange and rich wares of other Countries, & that should not be. brought
vnto them by strangers, but bv Vieir owne countrey men, which some men would esteeme
to be impossible, considering the long voyage and the daungers thereof, together with the
vnaccustomed saylinges and little knowledge thereof by such as neuer sayled that way, and
rather esteeme it madnesse, then any point «Ff wisedome, and folly rather then good con-
sideration. But notwithstanding wee haue scene foure ships make that voyage, who after
many dangers hauing performed thoir \oyagc, returned againe and haue brought with them
those wares, thnt would neuer haue beene i:hou<;ht coulde haue beenc brought into these
countries by any Holland ships ; but what shoulde I herein most commende cyther the wil-
lingnesse and good performance of the parties, or the happincsse of their vojage ? whereof
that I may giue the reader some knowledge, I will shew what I haue hearde and beenc in-
formed of, concerning the description of the Countries, customcs, and manners of the na-
tions, by them in this voyage secne & discoucred, which is as foUowcfh.

Id the yeare of our Lord 1595. vpon the 10. day of the month of March, there dejwrtcd
from Amsterdam three ships and a Pinnace to saylc into the East Indies, set forth by diucrs
S?.l'!.!"i!'.T rich Marchantes : The first called Mauritius, of the burthen of 4()0. tunnes, hauing in hersixc
demie canon, fourteene Culuerins, and other peeces, & 4. peeces to shoot stones, and 84.
men : the Mayster lohn Moleuate, the Factor Cornelius Houtman : The second named Hol-
landia, of the burthen of 400. tunnes. hauing 85. men, seuen brassc peeces, twelue peeces
for stones, and 13. iron peeces, the Mayster lohn Digniims, the Factor Gcrrit van Duiningen,
the thirde called Amsterdam, of the burthen of 300. tuns, wherein were 59. men, «(ixe brasse
peeces, ten iron peeces, and sixe peeces for stones, the Mayster lohn lacobson Scliellinger,
the Factor Reginer van Ilel : The fourth being a Pinnace called the Done, of the burthen of
50. tunnes, with twenty men, the Mayster Simon Lambertson : Which 4. ships vpon theSl.of
the same moncth came vnto the Tassel, where they stayed for the space of \'i. daies to take in
their lading, ami the sccondc of Aprill following, they set saile with a North east winde &
following on their course the fourth of the same moneth they passed the heades; The sixt
they saw Heys.<ant, the 10. of April they pasfiedby thcBarlesof Disbon: With an East and
North East wind, the 17. of Aprill they discoucred two of the Islands of Canaries: The 19.
Palm, and Pic. Los Romeros, and Fcro: The 25. of Aprill they saw B<»na visita, the Ifi they
ankercd vnder Isole dcMay: The 27. they set sayle againe and held their course South
Southeast. The 4. of May, we espied two of the King of Spaines ships, that came from
Lisbonc, and went for the East Indies, about 1000. or 1200. tunnes each .ship, with whom we
spake, and told them that we were bound for the -straights of Magellanes, but being belter of
sayle then they wee not presently out of their sight. The 12. of May being vnder line de-
grees on this side the Equinoctiall line, we espyed line ships laden with Sugar, comming from
the Island of S. Thomas, and sayled for Lisbonc, to whome we gane ccrtaine letters, which
were safely deliucred in Holland. Departing from them and keeping on our course, vpon
the fourtii of lime we p.isseil the Equinoctial line, where the cxtreamc heat of the :iyre
sj)oyIcd all our victuailcs : Our (Icsh and fishc stuiiLe, our Bi^kct molded, our Beere sowrcd,
otir water stunke, and our Butter iiecanc as thinnc as Oyle, wiuTchy diners of our men fell
sickc, and many of ihcin dyed ; but after that we learned what meal and drinke we should
J'y P^^'f'' ''"• rarrie with vs that would kccpe gocxi. The 28 of Iiine wee pas.scd the .sandes of Brasill, by
•Uu."° " t!ic Portiiig.ilies called Abrolhos, which are ccrtaine places which men must lookc warely
vnto, otherwise they are very dangcroas.

These sandes lie vnder 18. degrees, and vou must jjaj^se belwecne the coast of Guine and
tlie sandes alorcsaid, not .Ljoing too neer cylhcr of them, otherwise close bv the Coast there
are great calmcs, thunders, raincs & lightnings, with great siormcs, harde by the sands men
arc in daungcr to be east away : and so say ling on their course, (irst )/i>t South East, then
East and East and by North. Vpon the seconde of luly wee passed Tropicus C'ancri, vnder
2J. degrees, and ]. The \',i. of the same Month, we espierl many blacke birdes. The 19.
^reat numbers of white birdes, and the 20. a bird as bigge as a Swan, whereof foure or fuie

together

Tlifir victiiailis
•tuiikf and
spoyled.

Sli

toj
ah

thd
gol

thil
PyJ

spq

knl
Col

luii
half
beil
of I

Hollandera'

be brought
ii]d nteeme
her with the
at way, and
good con-
', who after
t with them
: into these
her tlie wil-
c ? whereof
I beeno in-
i of the na-

re de|>nrted
1 by diners
(in hersixe
es, and 84.
tamed IIoI-
?lue peeceii
Hiiiningen.
sixc brassc
ichellinger,
burthen of
n the 31. of
s to take in
It winde &
; The sixt
n Eaijt and
: The 19.
e 16 they
irse South
amc from
whom we
better of
(iue dc-
ing from
which
rse, vpon
ic ayre
sowrrd,
men fell
p •should
.isiil, by
warely

line and
wt there
>ds men
JKt, then
i, vnder
The 19.
•e or fiue
together

Ships voyage.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

:r
ni
rs,

the

together is a good signe of being neere the Cape de bona Sperancc. These birdes are J^^jj^' j'^'^J^'/
alwaies about the said Cape, and are good signes of being before it. spcr'ncV ""*

The second of August we saw the land of the Cape de bona Spcrance, and the fourth of
the same Month we entered into a hauen called Agne Sambras, where wee ankcred, and found rhey cmtwd
good depth at 8. or 9. fadome water, sandy ground. tl^^"' ^"^

The 5. day we went on shore to gather fruite, therewith to refresh our sicke men, that were
thirty or 33 in one shippe. In this bay lyeth a smal Islande, wherein are many birdes called
Pyncuius and sea Wolues that are taken with mens handes : we went into the countrey and
spake with the inhabitantes, who brought diuers fresh victuailes aborde our shippes, for a
knife or small peece of Iron, etc. giuing vs an Oxe, or a sheepe etc. The sheepe in those
Countries haue great taylcs, and are fat and delicate. Their Oxen are indifferent good, hauing
lumps of flesh vpon their backes, that are as fat as any of our good brisket beefe : the in-
habitantes arc of small stature, well ioynted and boned, they gee naked, couering their mem-
bers with Foxes and other beastes tayles : they seeme cruell, yet with vs they vsed all kind
of friendship, but are very beastly and stinking, in such sort, that you may smell them in the
wind at the least a fadome from you : They are apparelled with beastes skinnes made fast
about their neckes : some of them, being of the better sort, had their mantles cut & raysed
checkcrwise, which is a great ornament with them : They eate raw flesh, as it is new killed,
and the entrailes of beastes without washing or making cleane, gnawing it 'ike dogs, vnder
their feet they tye peeces of beastes skinnes, in steed of shooes, that they may traucl in the
hard wayes ; We could not see their habitations, for wee saw no houses they had, neither
could wee vnderstandc them, for they speake very strangely, much like the children in our
Countrey with their pipes, and clocking like Turkey Cockes : At the first wee saw about
thirtie of them, with weapons like pikes, with broade heades of Iron, about their armes they
ware ringes of Elpen bones : There wee coulde finde neyther Oringcs nor Lemons, which we
purposely sought for.

The 11. of August we hoysed anker, say ling towards the Island of S. Laurence, and the 22.
of the same month we had a contrary wind thai blew North East : The 25. a West winde, and wuh wh«
so held our course East North East : The 28. there blew a South East wind, & the 30. a South ZttlU'i!^.
West winde, and our course lay North North East to sayle to the Isle of S. Laurence. The
first of September wee discouered the point of the Islande of S. Laurence, vnder 16. de-
grees, and the third day we saw the Island being very desirous to go on land, for that many
of our men were sicke, whereby wee coulde hardly rule our shippes, or bring them farther
without healing, or refre.'-hing of our men. The 9. of September lohn Schellinger sent out Thcyhidgren
his boate to rowe to lande, where they founde tlirce Fishermen, of whome for two or three j"%°iinii«!'
kniues they had great store of fishes. The 13. we entered into a small Bay, but because wee
founde no good anker ground, as also being very foulc we sayled out againe. The 14. we
sayled vnder a small Island about a mile or 2 great, by the Hollanders called their Church
yarde, or the dead Island, because many saylers dying in that place, were buried in the
African earth, and the 29. of the same Month died lohn Dignumsz Mayster of the Lyon of
Holland, and was buried the next day after.

There lohn I'etcrs of Delft Sayler of the Ilullandia, & Koelken van Maidenblick of the
Amsterdam were set on shore vpon the Island of S. Laurence, where they were left, because
they had committed certaine notorious crimes.

Meane time the Pinnace was sent out to looke for fresh water, which hauing found, the
boat returned to bring vs newes, and therewith the lleete sayled thither, and the 10. of Oc-
tober the shippes ankered before the Uiuer, and went *)n shore, where we found good pro-
uisiduof all necessaries, the inhabitantes being very willing titereunto, bringing vsotal things
that we needed, where for a Pewter Spoone wee had an Oxe, or three sheepe. The II. of
October we went on shore with a boat full of sicke men, and the next day we were assay led How the wiiat
by a company of wild men, against whom our weapons little preuayled, for they hurt one of [^j",""f^J^,j
our men and tookc all that we had from vs, whereby vpon the thirteenth of the same Month, tiwmioinsconcr
wee were forced to insconse our selues with pieces of wood, and braunches of trees, making ' '" ""'
(ahiiis within our Sconse. for that the 15. of October they came againe, but then we tookc

VOL. V. C one.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Thefuure Hollanders

N:'

■I'

Tilt miinet !t
ciistomr of the

•ill) ptff It,

one, and slew another of them. The 19. of Noneniber our Pilot Claes lanson was intrapped
and miirthered by the wild people, although we vscd all the means we could to helpe him,
but they feared no wcapont, about ten or tweiue dayes after we tooke one of them that
paide for his death. The first of December our men hauing for the most part recouered
their healthes, were all carryed abonle the ships : in that parte of Madagascar the people
are of good condition, and goe naked, onely with a Cotton cloth before their priuie mem-
bers, and some from their breasts downward : Their ornaments are Copper ringes about
their armes, but Tin rings are more esteemed with them, aud therefore tinne with them is
good marchaundise. Their Oxen haue great lumpes of fat vpon their backes : Their sheepeii
tavles way at the least tweliie pound, being of an elle long, & two and twentie inches
thick. They gaue vs six of those sheepe for a tinne Spoone : They dwel in cottages and
liuc very poorely : they feare the noyse of a peece, for with one Caliuer you shall make an
hundred of them runne away : Wee coulde not perceyue any religion they had, but after
wee were informed that they helde the law of Mahomet, for the two boyes that wee tooke
from of the land, shewed vs their circumcision : There we found no fruit of Tambaxiumes,
but great numbers of Parrats, Medicats, and Turtle Doucs, whereof we killed and eat many.
The second of December we burned our sconse, and fourteene of our men going further
into the Islande brought certaine of the countrcymen prisoners, and being abord our ships
taught them what they shoulde doe. The thirteenth of December wee hoysed anker, mind-
ing to holde on our course for the Islnnds of lan.i, & for tiiat by reason of the pleasant-
nesse of the ayre we had in a manner all recouered our healthes, we set our course East and
by North, and East Northeast. The nineteenth of the same Month wee were seperated bv
fouie weather, & the 22. with great ioy we mf t againe. The tenth of lanuaric Vechtcr
Willemson dyed, being a verie honest man, and Pilot in Molenaers shippe, for whonie wc
were much grieued, and the same day we determined to put back againe for the Islande of
S. Laurence, for as then wee began againe to haue a great scouring among our men, and
many of them fell sicke: But presently therevpon we espied the Islande of Saint Mary,
Thf wiiJfmen and the next day being arriucd there, some of the inhabitants came abord our shippes with
awt'tocom- a basket of Ryco, Sugar canes. Citrons, Lemons, & Hens, whereof we were very glad,
fcitOitm. as being phisicke for VS,

The 13. 14. 15. 1(>. and 17. dayes we were on land, where we bought Ryce, Hens, Sugar-
canes, Citrons and Lemons in great aboundance, and other kinde of fruites to vs vnknowne,
also good fish, and grcene Ginger : There we tooke a Fish, which thirteen men could hardly
pull into nur shippe, and because the Island was little, and we had many men, wee entred into
the Bay of the flrme land with our Pinnace, where for a string of Bc.idcs of small value wc had
a tunne of Hyce: The Kinij came abord our Pinnace to see it, & wasasblackeasa Deuill, with
two homes mailc fast vpon his hcade, and all his body naked like the rest of the countrey
people.

This Island Ivcth about a small mile from Madsijascar, about 11). degrees Southward from
the l^quiiioctiail line (.Madagascar or S. Laurence is an Islande belonging to the Countrey
of Africa, and Iveih Sonlhwardc vnder ^6 deiirces, ending Nortliwarde vndcr 1 1, degrees
bv the inhabitants it is called Madagascar, f ''v the Porting.illcs the Islande of S. Lau-
rence, because if was discoiiored on S Laurcni c dav : The riches lA' this Island is great, it
aljoundctli in Hyce, Honnic, Waxe, Cotton, Lemons, Clones etc. The inhabitantes are blacke
and go naked, but the h:iirc \pon their hcades is not so much curled as those of the .Mo-
sambiqiie, & they are not liil so blacke.)

The y^. of lainiary we ankered l)crore a Hiuer where likewise wc had all kind of neces-
saries, and after tliat wc went to lie vndcr a small Islande within the same Bay.

The 2.5. of lanuaric there came some of the wild people aborde our ships, making signes
Md^'Kcmt'j'.'cry'" '^^"^ ^^ «" "" ''"'"''' ^^'^ich We did, and there we had good Kycc iV otiier fruits in great
fricDdiy. abundance. On the left side of the entry of tlie Hiuer lyoth one of their Townes, and on

the right hand two townes, where we had most of our tralique.

The 2ii. of lanuaric wee had interpreters, whom wc made to drink wine, wherewith they
were as drunk as bcastes.

The

Thf di;fr:pt:rn
ri oTit of tlieir

1 \.e ttiiJc ('fo-
plf «amf nil

•:

nu'i

N.->

^Uanders

itrapped
Ipe him,
lietn that
;couercd
e people
lie mem-
es about
, them \h
r sheepes
e inches
iges and
make an
but after
fee tooke
>axiumcs,
;at many,
g further
our ships
er, mind-
plcasant-
: East and
erated by
: V'cfhtcr
vhomc wc
Islandc of
men, and
int Mary,
ppes with
k'cry glad,

ns Sugar-
nknownc,
iild hardly
ntred into
ue wc had
cuill, with
countrcy

ward from
Countrey
i . degrees

)r S. Laii-
grcat, it

arc blarkc
the Mo-

of ncces-

ng nignes
ts in great
es, and on

ewith they

The

Ships voyage.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

The manner & condilion of the people inhabiting in the great Bay of Antogil,
on this side the Equinoctiall line vnder 16 degrees, on the South side of the
Island Madagascar.

IT is a very great Bay, about ten mile broade, behind it lyeth a high Island, and three
{umall Islands : there is good harbour against all windes. The Island is inhabited, and thnc-
in growcth all kindes of fruites, it hath a great fall of water that commeth down out of the
hillcs, where we laded all our water, and halfe a mile from thence within the land, there
runneth a great Riuer, wherein likewise there is much water to be had, when you enter into
the Riuer about a quarter of a mile inward on the left hand, ther is a smal towne or village,
not closed nor fortified, in it there is about 200. houses, & on the right hand where the
Riuer diuideth it selfe, there is two other such Townes : They were all compassed with
palles, and the houses were placed about two foote aboue the ground, vpon foure or fjue
pallcs or stakes of wood, and all the vpper partes of reede and strawe. The cause why why Ji-ir
their houses are made so high from the ground is to auoide the danger of venemous beastcs h'ighTbulit'ihr
that are there in great aboundance, as Serpents, Snakes, Camelions, and other kindes of ""!'•
beastes. The people are very blacke, but their hayre and bcardes are not so much curled
as the right Mores, nor their noses nor lippes so great nor flat. They are subtill and strong
people, much addicted to drinking, for they will bee as drunke as Swine, with a kind of
drinke made of Honie & Ryce. They go naked, onely that about their midles they weare ^"j'^^j"" °'
a cloth made of the barke of a tree, drawne in small threedes: they make and vse very fine intiutcouH.
Mats to sittc vppon : They haue no great store of weapons, for that halfe of them are vn- "'''•
prouidcd, and that they vse is a speare of nine or ten foote long, with a preat wooden Tar-
get : They are very fearefull of our Caliucrs, for 5. or sixe men with Caliuers will cause
great numbers of them to llie away : We taught them what our peeces ment, for wee per-
ceyued that they knew them not, before they had proued them : at the first they thought
they collide carry no further then their owne lengthes, for they knew not what they were :
Their Kinges ornamentcs were ten or twelue Copper Rings about his armcs : if we had had
such Riiigcs with vs, wee might haue sold them at what prices wee woulde. They likewise
vse beades of Glassc, which they weare about their armes and neckes, by them esteemed
for great ornaments : for a boxc of beades of small value, we h.id an Oxe, or three or
foure Shecpe ; rounde about this Bay are townes and villages, where you may haue of all
tilings to refresh your sehics, Lemons and Citrons arc there greater and better then in Por-
tingall : Likewise OriuKcs, Kycc, Hennes, Goats, Ilonic, and many other sortes of fruites,
and to conclude it is the best Hay in all the world to refresh ships. Being on land we were
wcl cntertayned, and must of force drink with them of their drinke made of Hony and Ryce:
There we trafiqued with them, and had sufficient of eiiery thing, but cuery night we weni
aborde our shippes.

The thinl of February wc had so great a storme, that most of our ankers were Inst, and
we ran vpon the land in great daungcr to cast our ships away, but God hoipe vs, for the
Btorme rcascd, and then we went to hoyse \ p our lost ankers, and <o againc went to anker
Mulcr the Island, glad that wc had so well escaped that daungcr. The fift of February wc
vent to scoke for our boats, but the wild men had smitten them in peeces, iV taken out
the nailos, thinking likewise that our shippes woulde haue bcene ca<t away vpon the shore,
which they still expected : and when we came thither, they stood vpon the shore with their
wc;ipons in hand and threw stones at vs, and wc pcrceyuing them in that minde, made to-
wardcs our shippes, for we desired not to reuenge our seines, nor once to fight with them
without commission from our Gencrall, whom we certified thereol". The evght of February
\»c rowed into the Riuer to buy cattle, and other things, but they were become our ene-
mies, thrcatning and casting stones at vs, wherevpon we put out two shalops to run a shure
close to the land, and made our Caliuers and other weapons re.idv .

\\ herewith we shot at them, but they feared not our shot, for they knew not what ihcy
nuiif, they thought likewise that the peeces couldc carrie no lurthcr'then thev were long :

C a but

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

The f owe Hollanders

'ii

but when they sawc ciglit or nine of their fellowes ilrad, tlicy fled info the woodcs, and
wee entering vpon the lande set tire on their houses, whereof wc burnt about twentic or
thirtie. The 9. of Fehniaric wc sailed on the other side to buy cattle, and other necessaries,
but they seemed vnwillin<! to dcalc with vs, but wc threatnins; to burne their houses, they
brought vs Cattle and fruites inough, with all things else to our desires.

The I^. of Februaric wee hoisetl anker, and set saylc out of the great Bay of Antongill,
being well i)rouided of all necessaries, wc put out with a North wind, the Bay stretching
Northeast and Southwest : The ^i. of March we had a West windc, our course being East and
East & by North towards laua. In Nfnrch and Ajirill about the Islande of Brandawc, we
found tl)at our Compasses heido two Strikes to farrc Northwarde, and we couldc not per-
cciue the sands that are set downe in the Portingalles sea Cards, but we saw manv turnings
of sircames, and wc were much troubled with calmes, but with tiic new Monnc wc had
windc enough out of the West & North West. The 27. of May we found the water abord
our shippcs to bee niucli lessened, and therefore cucry mans portion was but halfe as much
as he was wont to hauc ; so that each man w.is allowed but fourc draughts cucry day, which
was hut a small quantitic. Whereby through the cxlreaine heat wc endured- great thirst,
so that at that time a draught of water abord our ship was worth a Hiall of 8. The first of
Inly wc saw the Islande of Eingano, whereat wc much reioyccil, because of the great thirst
wee endured in our shippe, and when wee made neerer to it, wc pcrceyucd it to be
an Islande Iving before the straiglitcs of Sonda, vnder U. degrees on the South side of
file line.

The sixt of lulv we put somewhat nearer to the land, and there wc saw sixe or scuen canoes
lying vnder the shore, but farrc ofT, and durst not make toward vs : in the end we manned
out a shalop & rowed to land, but they made from vs, <!<: when our men were hard bv
the shore, there we saw about 40. or 50. of them standing vpon the shore with their bowes ;
wherewith our men durst not land, for they seemed to be a cruell kind of people, and
altogether wild, for they went all naked, not hauing any thing before their priuy mem-
bers. They were of a reddish colour, but when our men saw no aduantagc they turned again
vnto their shippcs.

The seuenih of luly we saw the point of the land of Sumatra, which is a vcrie high land
descending downcwarde with a long end.

The 11. of the same Month wc were close vnder the land, where there lay an Island, and
there -.ve ankercd.

The 12. of July in the morning we saw cerfaine ships, whereof one came vnto vs, wee

^ rowed vnto it with a shalop, and spake with it, but we could not vndcrstand them, but they

shewed vs where \sc should hnue water, which made vs glad, that wee migiit once againe

hauc our bellies lull of water: it being almost fourc Monthes thai wee had not scene any

land, nor taken in any fresh victiiailcs. W'c sent our I'inare to the lirme land of Sumatra,

there fu seekc for some reliefe : for that where we lay there dwelt not anv man. The l.'i.

Thf maiifrrf of lulv tlic (\iptain or i)rincipall ruler of Sumatra came abord our shi|)s ti) see them, which

Smnairi>com. *vas (lonc With gpcat soicmnitie, liee l)cing apparelled alter the lurkisli manner, with a

inir< on boij. ^vrcath about his hcade, and a fearelull couuteiiance, small e\es, great eve hrowcs, and

little beard, for a man might tell all tlie haires vpon his chiniie : he hrounht vs a present of

13ttcle, whicli are Icaurs whicii tlicy continually chaw, and eat it with clialke.

This Island of Sumatra or Taj)robana (as it is saide) is the greatest of all the Orientall
Islandes, it is diuided from the firmc land of Malacca bv a straight and d.mgeroiis sea, by
reason of many Islandes and ciiU'cs that are within it : Out of this Island as some men are
of oj)inion, .Salonmn had his (Jold wherewith he bcaulifieil the Tein|)le, and his owne pailacc,
and then in the Bible it should be named ()r|)hir, for cerlainlv Sumatra is rich of myues of
(Jolde, Sillier, and Miltail, and the inhabitants therof arc very ex|>crt in melting of brasse
peeces : Therein is a fountaine cf pure Halsame, the I'ortingalles haiie no foriresse therein,
yet they tral}](|ue in certaine hauen^, specially in Pedir and Carnpar : There is also in this
Island a place called Manancabo, where they make poinyardes and daggers, by them cald*

cryscs.

Ships voyage. TRAFFKIUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

cryses, which are much esteemed in those Countries, and those of Malacca and laua, hold
them for their best weapons, and with them are very bold.

The same day our Pinnace returned againe vnto vs, bringing vs good newes, that wee
were welcome vnto the Countrey people, and brought vs certainc Indian Nuftes or C'ociw,
Melons, Cocombers, Onions, Garlicke, and a sample of Peper and other spices, which liked
vs well.

The fourteenth of lune we laded in some fresh wafer.

Right ouer against Sumatra, on the South side of the I'^quinoctiail lyeth the Islande ol
laua Maior, or great laua, and these two Islandes are deuided by a straight commonly called
the straight of Sunda, which lyeth between these two Islands, bearing the name of the
principall hauen of laua called Sunda : In this channel there runneth a great streamc, and
course of narrow waters, throuj^h this straight M. Candish an Englishman passed with his
ship, comming out of the South sea from new Spaine. laua bcgiiuieth vnderseucn degrees
on the South side, and so sfrcfchcth East and South 150. miles long, it is very fruitfull, spe-
cially of Ryce, Calle, Hogge«, Shcepe, Hennes, Onions, (uirlike, Indian Nuftes, and all
kindc of spices, as Clones, Niitmeg;;c«, Mace, etc. Which they carrie to Malacca. The
chiefe hauen in the Islandc is Sunda Calapa, there } on haue much Pepper, better then that
of India, or of Malabar, & there you may yc.irely lade 4. or .5000. Quintalcs of Pepper
Porfingall waight, there likewise ynu hnue great store of iVankencense, Camphora, &
some lii.imants : but they hauo no other kinde of money but a rertaine peece called Caixa,
as biggeas a Hollands Doibt, but not so thickc, with a hole in the middle to hang it vpon a
siring, in which manner they commonly hanj^e hundrcthes or thousandes together, and with
them they know how to make their accountis, which is two hundred Caixas make a Sata,
and flue Safas make a thousand Caixas, which is as much as one Crusado of Porting ill, or
three Carolus Gildcrns, Flemish money : Pepper is solde by the .sacke, each sacke waying
4.5. Caften waight of China, each Catte as much as 20. ounces Portingall waight, and each
s.icke is worth in that Country at the least 5000. Caixas, and when it is highest at G. or 7000.
('aix.is: Mace, Clones, Nutmegs white and blacke Beniamin, Camphora, are sold by the
Rhar, each barrc waying 3.'J0. Caften of China : Mace that is faire & good is commonly
worth from 100. to 120. thousande Caixas : Good Clones accordingly, and foure Clones called
H.nsfan are worth 70. & 80. thousand Caixas the Bhar : Nutmegs are alwaies worth 20. &
2.5. thousand Caix.is the Bhar: White and blacke Beniamin is worth 1.50. and ISO. thousand
Caixas, and sometimes 200. thousand. The wares that are there desired and exchanged for
spiers, are iliucrs sorfcs and colours of Cotton Linnen, which come out of seuerall Pro-
uinccs ; and if our Camhrickc or fine Hollande were carryed thitlier, it would peraduen-
fure bee more esteemed then the Cotton linnen of India.

The 15. of lunc there rowed a scute called a Prawen hardc vndcr the lande by vs, wee
called him, l)ut not against his will, and shewed him siluer, and other wares that liked him
well, he b.id vs make towards the strand, and told vs of Bantam, saying that there wc
should hauc al kinds of Marchandise. Then we made signs vnto him that if he wold bring vs
to Bantam, wc wold pay him for his labor, he asked vs .5. rialies of S. and a red cap, which
\ve grauutcd vnto, and so one of the men in flic s(ulo came on bord the .Mauritin-;, and
was our Pilot f<> Bantam, where we pnsseil by many Isl.iiiiUs.

The ninef<'cnth of luly as wee sailed by a towne, nianv Portingalles burded vi, and
brought vs rertaine Cocus and Hens to sell, which wee bouglit lor other wares.

Tlie 2'^. of the same Month wee came bclore the towne of Bantam, within three miles of
it, and iIuTi" ankered vndcr an Island. Tlie same day about cuening a scute of Portingals
bordid vs that w i e sent by the Cioucrnnur to sec what shi|)s we were, & when we shewed
tlicm th.it wee ii e thiihcr to fralicke with them, they fold vs, that there v/as the right
Pepper i onuir'. ' that there we might hauc our lading, tliat new Pepper was rcadie to
be gathered, an! ■■ uld be ripe within two .Moiithcs after, which pleased vs well, for wee
luul already be< ■ " iil'teene .Monfhcs aiul twelue dales vppon our voyage, liauing endured
great daungcrs, miseries and thirst , many of our men by sicknesse being dead.

The

Thf Gouerr.or

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tliefoure Hollanders

can'.r :ihi>idt and
stnetlv cor.-
rfiTr-J withli.r

*ta.Mi ibfm.

luy A- ^t.l;ll'.hc

The 2J. of lune wee hoysed our ankers, and went close to the towne of Bantam, and
ankercd harde by 4. small Islands, that lie rij;ht North from the Towne : the same day the
Sabander (who in there one of the jjrcatcst oflicers next the King) came abord our 8hippc%
aokinp; vs what we would hauc, we said wc were come to buy Pepper and other spyces,
and that wee had rcadie money, and cerfaine wares, whereof we shewed him some parte,
which hcc liked well, saying that there wee might hauc lading enough, shewing vs great
countenance.

The same day likewise there came a great number of scutes vnto our ships, bringing all
kinds of victuailes tosel, as Hcnncs, Eggcs, Cocus, Bonanas, sugar canes, Cakes of Hycc
baked, and many other tliinges. The 21. of lunc there came many men aborde our shrps,
bringing diucrs wares to sell, shewing vs great friendshippe, and as it seemed were very
glad of our arriuall there, telling vs thnt there we might haue Pepper enough, and new
Pepper within two Months after, and that Pepper was then as goml cheap as it had beenc
any time within ten yeares before, that wee might buy 5. or G. sackes for one Catti, (being
about 'ii). Guildcrns) which was ordinarily sold but one sacke for that price : euery sacke
wayetli 51. poundc llollandes waight, so that a pounde would be worth about a brassc penie
Hollands money.

The same dav about noonc the Sabander borded vs once againe, willing Cornelia Hout-
man to go on land to speake with the Gouernour, for as then there was no King, for al)our
a Month before our arriuall there, the King was gone with a great armie before the towne
of I'alimbaii), which hcc thought to t.nkc, and had almost gotten it, but there he was striken
with a great Pccce by a Kcnigado of the Portingalles, and so was slainc. His death was
much lamented by the straungcrs that dwelt at Bantam, for he was a gootl king, being
about 25. years of age : he Iclt behind him foure wiucs, whereof the el lest was not aboue
15. vcares of .ige, and a yong .sonne of three Monthcs olde, that was to succeed him in his
Kiugdome, and they had chosen a Protector or Goucrnor to rule in his niinoritie, whom
thev call Kipate, and when the Kipate by the Sabandar sent to our Sargcant Muior to come
vnfo him into the towne, he made him answer that he had no such commission, but he de-
sired the Goucrnor first to come abord his ship, and then he would go on shore, he likewise
desired vs to go ncerer to the towne with our shippes.

And therevpon wee say led somewhat ncerer to the Island that lay next vnto the towne,
within halfc a mile from it, & there wc ankercd at 4 fadome clay groundc, the towne
lying South from \s, where wee had a good roadc: The next morning the Gmicrnor sent
aborde, and the men that came spake not onely good Portingal, but other languages : he
let our Sargcant Maior vndcrsfand that he would come aborde, and desired that hcc woulde
with a shalop meet him halle the way, which was done about noonc, and the Gouernour
came aborde with a great company of men, where we shewed him all our wares, which
liked him well, desiring vs to come on land, saying that wc should be welcome, promising
vs much fauour, whcrcwiih he returned to the land with ccrtaine rich presents that wc u^uc
him. The Sfi Barent Hcijn Factor of (he ship called the Mauritius, died very sodainlv.

The 27. and 28. great numbers of people borded our shippes bringing all sortcs of ne-
cessaries i^ victuails to sell.

The 2\). there came an nmperour abord our shippc, whose father in time past had beene
Empcrour of all laua, and commanded all the Kiiiges ol I.iua, but this man because of hi'*
badde life was not nuuh arrounted of : he spake good Portingall, for his mother was a Por-
tingall woman borne in Malaria: This Ijnperour had conspired ag;iiiist vs with the I'ortin-
galles, but as liien we knew it not.

Tiic .'JO. of liine ("ornelis lloiitman tookc a hoate and went into the towne, and there
spake with the Gouernour about ccrtaine afi'aircs, touching a contrail to bee made with
him.

The first of Inly Iloulnian went again iiU>) (he towne, and \>hrn he returned he brought
with him a ccrtaine contract made iKc signed bv the (Joucrnor himsell, nsIio mo^t willingly
consented thcrevnto, & saidc vnto hian, Go now and buy what you \>ill, you hane free

liberty ;

sell
to

k ^

Ships voyage. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES

liberty; which done, the said HmUmnn wilh hit* men went to seethe lowne, appnrelird in
the bcNt manner they conlde, in veliict, Sntin, and silkes, witii rapiern by their sulrs : The
Captaine had a thing borne oiicr his head to keep him from tiic Sun, with a Trumpet bclore
him, which certainc times he caused to bre souiulcd : Tlicrc the Empcroiir bad them to a
banket after the Indian manner: From thcnrc they went to the I'orlinfiiilles, that nuulo
much account of Iloutnian, and made him a banket, saying that they had scene him in Lis-
bone. The 2 of luly many ^larcllanl^' tamo abord, profering vs Pepper verie good rheape,
but bcca\ise we were vnskiirull in ilic waight and other thingcs wee tooke respite to answcrc
them.

The 3. of luly the Sabander came abord, nnd he wa- our great friend, for that after we
found it so, hee tolde vs wliai waight the sackts of IVpper were, and what prises they bare,
counselling vs to buy.

The 7. of luly the CJouernoiir sent \s a man secretly by night willing vs to lookc vnto our
seines, and not to trust the Einperour, with whom all the \Iarihantes conspired, and went
lo inuade our ships, and that hee ment to rob vs, as being very licentious and ciiill minded.

The 8. of Iidv tl>c Emncrour sent vnto our shins, iv: od'cred to make them a banket, '^' ' i^mr""'"

..... II I /, . . i\'i ^, I ^xi«. rr* a ^t mtnt to till

biddmg all the Captaines, maisiers, I'liots, dentlcmen, Ofluers, mnnpcts, and Gunners to viomht i.ipj
come into the townc to him, and there he wouldc make merric with them : This was done 'orcbtiicm.
by the Portingalles aduise, thereby to haue all the chiefc and principall men out of our
ships, but we pcrcciued their intent.

The 11. of luly the Fmpenjiir pcrccyuiiig that his deuise would not take place, hcc went
from Bnntam to lacntru.

The I'i. of luly wee had a house ofTercil vs within the towne.

The 13. of the same month Keyner van Hel v>ith eyght (ientlemen went into the towne,
taking certaine wares with him, of euery thing a little, and laid it in the house appointed
for the purpose : there to keep a ware house and to sel our marchandise, and presently both
Gentlemen and Marchants came thither to buy and to sell vs Pepper.

The 15. and I'j. many Gentlemen, Marchant.s, Chinars, and Arabians came to our ware-
house & into our ships, ofl'ering vs Pepper, but our Factor ollered them to little a price.

The 25. of luly the Gouernour came againc aborde our shippes, and there looked vppon
certaine of our wares, whereof hee bought some, and counselled vs to buy Pepper : About
the same time the Portingalles made great sute vnto the Gouernour, promising him many jh? hjt.edf
giftes to deny vs traflike, and to ronstraine vs to depart from thence, saying we were no ,h, p,rtinpi;-i
marchantes, but that we came to spio the counlrie, for they said that they had scene many «i''»"''
Fleminges in Lisbone, but none like vs. Among the Portingalles there was one that
was borne in Malacca, of the Poitingalles race, his name w.is Pedro Truide, a man
well scene in trauayling, and one that had beene in all places of the world : He was our
good friend, & euery day came to talke with our Captaines, saying, you do not well that
you make no more haste to take in your lading, you shall haue no better cheape wares, &
withall shewed vs many other things : wherevpon the Portingalles hated him, and not long
after he was murlhered in his bed.

In .\ugust wc did little, and tooke no great store of lading in seeking to haue Pepper
better cheape, which the Portingalles liked not well of, and saido vnto the Gouernour, that
we desired not to buy ; which the Ciouernour began to hearken vnto, for they ollered him
great summes of money that hee shoulde not permit vs Iraflicjue, so that in the end liee
commaunded that no man shoulile carrie any Hyce aborde our shippes, whereby we were
abashed, and thereupon we sent vnto the Gouernour for our money which hee ought for the
wares hee h.id bought, which moued him.

The 20. of luly hee sent one of our Gentlemen witi» some of his men and nine slauos
abord our ships.

The situation of the Townc of Bantam, the principall towne of trafTique in the
Island of laua, their strength & manner of building, with their traflique,

what

I«

VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS,

Tliefoure llollandcra

what people coiuc iliiHicr, what ware* are there most tlcxirod, what nation*
bring them thither, or come to fetch them, together with their religion, customes,
& manner of house keeping.

HAnfam lyeth in the Isiandc of laua maior, ahoiif 25. miles to sea ward within the hie,
between Sumatra and laua: On both sides of the Towne there runneth a Kiuer, about 3 fool
'.Hid a half deep, so that no shippes can enter into them: Tiie Towne is compassed about
with a Hiiicr: The towne is almost as great in compa-tse a4 the old towne of Amsterdam :
The w.ils are made with flani^ers: They hanc great numbers of I'ceccs therein, bur they
krimse not how to vse them, for they fcarc them much: ail their I'eeces arc of l)rasse, \
ihr\ hiiMC manv bra/i'n bases. Their walles are not aboue two footc thicke made of brirkes:
t'iifr\ (1 inker hath diuers mastcs and pceccs of wood, which they v<e when they are bc-
<iie';e(l hy iheir enemies. Tlic houses are made of straw and recile-i, standing vpnn 4.
wooiidcn pnsKN, The riih banc their chambers all hanged with silken Curtins, or els with
coiion liiinen: Their houses arc most placed vndcr Cncns frees, whereof the towne is full:
Without the w.iilcs are many houses, wherein strangers for the most part haue their dwell-
inges. 'flic lowne hath three ,i;reat market places, wherein dayly there U markets holden,
where you may buy all kindes of wares, and where there commeth a great number of
people, very strange to bcholde: Within the towne tlxrc is a great rliurcii or muske of
wood, wherein they obsenic the law of Nfahomet : (lentlemeii iV men of any (pialitie
haue their owne muskcs in their houses. The towne is not built with sfreeics, nor the
houses placed in order, but very foulc lying full of (ilthy water, which men must passe
throuuli, or leape ouer, for they haue no bridges: In the towne there is ^reat resort of diuers
Countries and nations, as of \lalacca, Bengala, Malabar, Guihrrefers of I'e^u, Sani Malic. is,
n.uula, China and of many Kingdomcs that haue great trafli<pie for I'epper, tliat ;;ro\\e(h
roiinde about Hantam, which in .\ugust and September is rijie, there you liaue Nutmegs,
out of the Island of Banda, and Clones from Moiuca, which the I'orlingalles doe most buy
\p: Wee bought Nutmegs there for a blanks pound: All victuailcs and necessaries are
there in great aboundance to be had, as Ilenncs, Hartes, Fish, and Hyce, and diuers kindes
of fruitcs, as Auan.is, Cocus, Bonanas, Manges, Doroyens, F.icca, Pruna, Cirapes, Oranges,
remons, Pomegarncts, Cocombers, Melons, Onions, CJarlicke; but breade ihcy hnuc none,
but in sfe:ide of it they eafc Ryce: Heefe is there the dearest victuaile, for an 0\e in that
place is worth 7. 8. or 9. Rialles of 8. The Chinars hanc the greatest and most trafTickc in
that towne. They come thither in the Month of lanuarie, with 8. or 9. great shippcs, bring-
ing all sorts of Porsclinc, silks, Dama^ke. gold thread. Iron pannes, and lauas money called
Cjixas, whereof 12000. m.ikc a Hyall ofcyght: They are hanged vpon stringcs by two hun-
dred together, for the which they both buy & scl al kinds of marchandises, and there thev
lade Pepper which they carric into China : Without the towne they haue a great place
wherein they commonly vse to sell their wares, and there they dwell, and haue greater and
better houses then any are within the towne, all made of recdcs, onely that in euery house
thev haue a scjuarc place m.idc of stone, wherein they put their wares to keepe them from
burning;, as some riche men in the towne likewise haue: The Chinars are very subtill and
industrious people, and will refuse no labour nor paynes to yearne money, there thev make
much Aqua viiiv of Ryce and Cocus, and traHTu ke much therewith, which the lauars by night
come to buy, and drinkc it secretly, for by Mahomets law it is forbidden them. The
Chinars line there with free libertie: When they come to remaine there for a yeare or more
:h they thinkc good, tiicv biiv themselues a wife or two, or more as tliev thinke i;oni!, and
line together like man and wife, and when they meane to clepart, they sell their wines again,
but if they haue children they take them with them & so returne to China : They haue no
special religion, but pray vnto the Denill, that he would not hurt them, for they know that
the Deuill is wicked, and that (iod is good, and hurteih no man, therefore they thinke it
ncedlcsse to pray to God, They acknowledge not the resurrection of the dcade, but when a
man dyeth they thinke he ncuer riseth .igain : In tiicir houses they haue great painted
Deujis, before the which they place wax candles, ai

ing

praymg

Ship* votfage. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. |7

to hurt Jhcm, and the more tnnn<ttrmis that their shapes be, the more they honour them.
ThcHC people liuc very hardly and poorely within nantam, for there it not any work or
labour how filthy socuer it he, but they will do it to get monevi and when they hauc yticn
something they rcturnc ajjainc to Clhina. They arc vcric like Icwes itt our rouiitrcy, lor
thev neiicr ROC without a pairr of hall.inrot, and :ill tliinj'cs in Knod warc^ with tlicui, anj
ore ready to do any seruire. When we rauie liriit Ijcforc Hniilan), they came ciiery day in
}{rc;it companies into our shippcs, niul there set out their wares to sel, as silkis, snwiiig
silkcs, and porsclines, so that our vpper decke.x were full of pcdlcr*, that wee could hardly
walkc vpon the hatcltcs.

The manner, condition, cu^tome, going, sfaiuiinj,', apparcll, housekeeping, wares,
and bc'hauioiir of the lauars in Bantam.

THc lauars and inhabitants of Bantam, are proudc and obstinate, with a very stately pace,
they hold the law of Mahomet, which they haue not had aboue '.ih. yeares, for as yet there
are inany heathens amonp; them that ncucr were made Nforcs : it is a very lying and thecuish
kind of people, not in any sort to bee trusted. Their apparell both of rich and poore is a
cotton cloth, and some of silkc about their middies, which they tie about them with a girdle,
the \pper parte and from the knees downewarde all naked; most of them goc barehe.ided,
but the principallest of them haue a wreath or Turkish roule about their heudes, and some
little cappes : 'fhcir priestcs come out of Mcra in Arabia, and are yellowe of colour: Their what wipons
weapon is a poiuyard, which they call Crisis: it is made with hilts, and the hatulle is a Dcuil "'")"""'
cut out of wood or bone : the sljcalhes arc of wood : with them they are very bolde, and it
is accounted for a ^reat shainc with them if they haue not such a D.ij^ner. both yong, old,
rich & poore, and yong children of line or sixc yeares olde, and when they i;o to the
warrcs they haue targets, and some long -pearcs, but most of them such ])oinyardcs: Tliey
vse neyther great shoftc nor caliuers when they go against their enemies : for a small matter
one King wil make warre against another. When we came first before Bantam, we oflVred
to make a contract with the CJoucrnor and the counsel! of tlic towne, that they should dcliuer
vs a certaine cpiantitic of Pepper, and wee woulde goe with our shippes before Palimbam,
and heipe them to reuenge the death of their Kings vjipon their enemies, for (as they said)
we miglit goe within a bowe shot of the towne with our shippes, and the Towne is but of
wooil without walles, so that we would presently haue beaten it downe to the ground. They
otfere<l vs some of their principal! Cioucrnours to be left for pledges in our shippes, and their
men woulde sayle in their fustes, such as shoulde go on land, and we should doe nothing
els but shoote out of our shippes, but our ("a|)taines would not do it, considering our small
number of merj. The lauers lake as many wiues as they will, and are able to maintaine; Hr« „ j„y
but tlie cnnHnon people haue but one, & some two niarried wiurs, and some 10. 20. ;nul ""'''"'■**''
HO. coiK ubines : For a small matter they will sende their married wiues home agayne vnto
their fathers, when they haue layne fine or sixc da>es with tliem, saying they like them not,
.Hid so their marriage is vndone, wlien they desire it.

The manner, custome, luuisholdinc;, childliearing, sporting & cicanline-isc of the

Women in Bantam.

Tile women ol the towne are well kept from such as are circumcised, whereof the rich men
haue many, and from other men <t their friendes, for their owne sonncs inav not come into
the iiouse where the women are. They lie all naked and chaw Hetelle, and haue a slauish
woman that continually scratcheth tlieir bodies, tliat is, su( h as are married women, but such
.IS are concubines .ire .as waiting (ientlewomen to the married women, when tliey goe out to
giue tliem more maiestie, and those tliat haue the greatest nunilier arc of most estimation ■
f he Concubines haue but fewe children, for the married women poyson their children, and
these concubines are bought andsoldr : by iluir apparell a man can hardly disccrtie the riche
hum t!»e poore, for they goe all with a Cotton cloth about their bodies vp to their bre.asles,
jrid Ixiuiide ab(juf tlieir middles with an other cloth, bare footed and their he.ads vncouered,

vol V. I) their

!•

Hjw Peppfr

iriwfth in iha(
counirev

A Irtt" «f nt by
par mfn in tht
(owr th.it Wire
H'Hrnvjirri.

nrarrr to the

tOVTf.f.

VOYAGES. NAUrOATIONS,

TUi J'ourt tlotlitndi'rit

thf ir hayre bound ri^ht vpon the top of ihcir hendH in a hrapr, but when they arc in their
pride, tncy wear*' crDwnejt vpon their head^*, whereof Home of them arc of pure jjolde, aiul
rin){e<i of jjoide, and some of siiiier about their armet, curry one accordinj; to fhcir abilitie.
They are very curioiit about their b<Hiye«, for they wathe themtclue>i at the least fine or nixc
limes) cucry day ; they neuer case themHchuN nor haue the company of their huHbandcN, but
they presently leape into the water and wath their bodice*, and therefore the water that rimncth
through Bantam if very vnholcHome ; for eiicry one wanhcth ihcmseiueN in it, h well porkic
as other people, whereby wee lo«(t lomc of r)ur men that dnnike of tlie water: The women
are verie idle, for they du nothing all the day but lie downe ; the i>oore Hlaues musX doc all
the drudgerie, and the men Mi all day vpon a mat, & chaw neteie, hauinj; ten or twentie
women about them, and when they make water, procnlly one of the women wa^hcth iheir
member, and so they sit playin)^ all the day with ihcir women: Many of them haue slaues
that play vpp(m instrumentes much like our Shakebois, they haue likewise great basons
whereon they strike, &■ therewith know how to make gofxl musick^, whereat the women
dainice, not leaping much, but windinj; and drawing their bodies armeH and shoulders, which
they vse all nij;ht lonjj, so that in the nifjht time they make a ;;reat noyse with basons and
other instruments, and the man he sitteth and looketh vpon them, eueric one of tlie women
Ntriuin); to doe her best that she may Ret her husbands fauour and her secreat pleasure. The
Gentlemen, Citizens, and manhantes haue their (Janlen*, and lieldes without the towne, and
slaues for the purpose to labour in them, and brinj; iheir maisters all kiiides of fruit. Mice and
Hennes in the towiie, as also the Pepper that jjroweih there, which runneth vp by an other tree,
as Hoppes with vs, and ^nnvefh in lonj; bunches like CJrapcs, so that there is at the least ittX).
graines in one bunch : it is (irsi grecne, and after il becomnielh blarke, and is there in great
aboundance, so tiiat it is the right Pepper countrcy ; for when wc came thither thev said \nto
v», Aqui ai tanta Pimicnta, romo terra, that is, here is as much Pepper as earth, and so wc
found it, and yet we departed from ihcnre by our owne follies, wiihcnii our lading of Pepper:
Wee siaide for new Pepper, mcanc time the I'urtinualjes sent iheir letters into euery place
seeking to hinder our trade : A( the lirst we miglit haue sulHcient, for there we foinide enough
both 111 biiv for money orlo barter. We likewi..c had money and wares sunicient : wc niiglu
e:isily haue had si\e or eight hundred tunnes, ;h we ucre adiicriised by some <d' the«ounlrev,
th.it we sJKuild prcsenllv Iiuy. for that ihc I'driiniialles sought all the means they coidd to
hinder \>., .-jnCicr ii ap|MMre(l ; and therefore he that thinkeili to come noone enough, (om-
incih ofd'olimes too late, and wc vsed not our lime so well .is it fell out.

The 'i((. of ,\ugii«t we had a letter sent vs bv nij'Jil front our men that were in the towne,
that lav in a maner as prisoners, iov\iil vs to let our pledge go a shore, otiicrnise they fcare«l
they shoiilde hardly esrapi- wifli their lines, and great danger might fall vpon them: this
pledge came aborde with the \). sLmes,

The ^0. of August we sent the pledge and the rest of our laiicm to land, with promise that
he would do the best he might to get our men leaue to come aborde : about euening of the
•■amc (l.iv wee had ncwcs I'roni our men bv four<' (d' our sa\lers that as then thev were belter
\sed, .•"aving llicv thought ilicy !«hould come alorde when two shippes were gone that ment
til saile for .M.ilacca, being laden with Nutmegs .im«1 oilier things.

The (irst o\' September, and the '.i, .'{. and 4. wee sent niaiiv letters to the (iouernour and
hee to vs, ;in(l likewise to our men that were in the towne, being nine in number, all our best
niarchants and captains, hailing with them about (». or 7tX)(). Guilderne.s in inarchandise, and
they againe to vs.

Tlu- b. of S pirinber when weeperceyued thatdelaves were daungerous, wee went close to
the towne with all our 4. shippcs, and so neere that we h.id but two fadome muddie grounde,
and presentlv with Iwoofourboates for our securitiewee sctvpjion three lauan shippes, whereof
two were laden with fish and Cocus, wherein wee founde a man of ('hiua.beiiigof some account.
The third ship was laden with 20. tunne<i of Clones, 6 tunncA of Pepjjer, and some Benioni,
and Picmenta da Rauo, wherein wc founde fine Malabardes slaucs tu the PortingallcH, whom

wcc

Uotlmdern

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

Uhlfi* voynKe

wee likrwine tookr. & ihry were very willing In gne with vt, thereby to bee tMtid of tht
Nlaiirry whcrevnfo the Fortingnlst put them, und perceyuing that the I'orlinnallcn went ((ften
to and f'rnm another whippe (hat lay not Tarre riN)m vo, we look our Pinace and made towjnlct
if, and being harde by it, the PortinKaU left it & net it on fire : Thi» ship had the riclicHt
ware* in if •)< the Portingallen tlauef* tolde vn. Tor it wan laden with tlflic tunncn of Cluiu'ii,
whiihwere burnt in it.

The Mxt and stfwenth of September we hearde no neweii, lo that wee went clone to the
Town*' annvii''. shootirtg wiin our great Peccest into it, "laying diuent i»f the people (an after
we *vere inforiTfd 1 They likf^^'se shot with their Peeeett agaynMt v«t, which the I'nrtingalle*
did, '' 'hat the Iniiars hauc little or no nkill at all therein, and are very fcarclnll of them,
and aith(.ii/h they had inafiy pceces in the lowne, yet they did vk no other hurt then onily
»hot one ol M"lenares halfe masis in pceecn.

The Neucnih of Scpii'nibcr wee had i skirmish, which was in this manner, we pcreeyuing
n lanan xhip vnder ^avle, sent our Pinace with jtixe and twenlic men in h^r to fetch it in,
which the lauan ithippe pcreeyuing flcdde behindc an Nlande, where our Pinace followed him a ikirmiihh«.
so fast that shee fell a grounde, which the townes men perecyiiiiig, made them r»'fldie with '"""'nj*!,'^. "
fonrc and twcniie boatcjt full of men, all ;«rmed after their manner, and i«ct forwarde in g(.<*4i'>*'
r)rder, being diuided in two companies, tteuen on slarre bord, & 17. on lardde bord of the
Pinace, in order like a halle Moone, threatning vm with their spearcN, they thought by reason
of their great number of men, that they had already taken it, but it fell out otherwise, for
they in the Pinace, pcreeyuing them comming, shottc among them, and they were so near
vnto her that wc rould not shoot at them : and when they were harde by the Pinace, shcegottc
a llnte, a-i lliey thought to take her, haning cast otitan anker in good time, aiid thereby wounde
thenrselues oM' the grounde, but for haste they were f«)rced to cutte their Cable, because they
had not time enough to wiiule it vppe, and with all they shotte one of their boates voder
water. The Pinnce drawing her boate after her, the lauans presently leapt into it, and mte
.« sunder ihc roape that heldc it, which they immediately stole from vs, thniiting with their
Speares in at the loopc holes.- Seuen of their Boates being round about vs were SO sharpcly
paide with the iron pecccs, stone peeces, and Caliuers, that the 17. others durst not cottieso
ncere vs : I thinke there were at tlie least KM), of them that neuer carryed newes how they
sped in that skirmish, for luery boale had at the least (>0. men in it, and they were so thicke
in them, tiiat they could not help thcmscliies, nor did any thing els but shake their speares,
.ind they shot but one base : their arrowes hurt vs not. and so the Pinace returned agayne vnto
our shippes, sayling close liefore the lowne, and shooting into it with her ordinance: They
shot our of the towne, but it hit her not, because they shot with stone pellets, wherewith you
• annot sluiote so certainly as with iron bullets.

TheS, y. and 10. of September we had letters from our men out of Bantam, by the which
they willed v s not to shoot any more, for that the Gouernour ihreatncd to set them vpon stakes :
lloutman wrote they were in good hope that they shouldc bee put to raunsoinc, which wee
t I'unsellcd them to doc as well as they might.

Ihe II . of September we had a letter from lloutman, and one from the Gouernour, wherein Th» comtnti . i
bee wrote that he would set our men at libertie, so we would be quiet, but if we desired warre, I,*",' """'"""'
iie wouMe once againe come and visite vs in another sort: wee aunswered him that there he
■•Iiould linil vs, that wonlcs were but wind, \- that he should set our men at a reasonable
ransome, and thereof send vsaii answere the next day.

The Pi. and lit. of .September wee had no answere out of the towne, and wc had want ol
water, and could get none thereabouts but that which came out of the towne, for that the
(iouernour had taken order that wc shouM get no water about the towne, so that we hoiscd
ankers to go st-eke stune.

The 17. 1)1 September wc came before 't. or 4. Islands which Molenare and Shellcngcr say led
betwcene, and for that the streame ranne so strong there, they were forced lo goe so nigh
the shore, that they might almost leape on lande, whereby thev escaped great danger, but
the other shippe and the Pinace sayled about the Islands, and so met with the other two, and

I) 2 casting

HOU the /;tuT5

vsrd our men

The miner rl
their ransoinc.

VOYAGES, NAUIGAT[ONS,

Thefoure Hollanders

casting forth their ankers went on shore, where wee spake with men that saiile they would
shew vs where wee shoulde haiie water, so we would giuc them two Caliucrs.

The 18. 19. 20. 23. and 2+. we stayed to lade water, for it was hard to get, and we were
forced to keep good watch, which done hoysing ankers againe, wee saylcd tow;irdcs Bantam,
holding our course Eastwarde.

The 27. we saylcd Northeast towardes the landc of laua maior.

The 28. setting saylc ag.iyne, we kept Last Northeast along by the coast of laua, & about
noone because of the great streame that runneth in the straight, wee were forced to anker,
and the 30. day wee set sayle againe.

The first of October in the euening wee came to a great Islaude, being three miles from
the towne, and there we ankercd finding good clay ground.

The 2. of October wee had a leiter from our men, how lliey were seperateil one from the
other, and kept by the Gentlemen of the towne, and iheir wares parted among them.

The 3. 4. and b. when wee were againe before the towne, we had other letters, that by oui
commnig they were better vseJ, and hoped to bee set at a reasonable ran.some, and that ihe\
promised that one of our men should come aborde, so he would returne againe into towne,
that shoulde by worde of mouth certilie vs what hope they were in, and the cause thcrcol.
that we might the better bt lieue it.

The (). of October in the night one of our men came aborde, .tiuI shewed vs what h.id past,
when we shotte info the towne, how they were sepcraled and kept close prisoners, and cruelly
threatncd by tfw lauers, whereby they still expected when they should bee put to death,
and howe they sought all the meanes they «;oulile to make them to deny their faith, and be-
come Mores, but they remayncd constant, and saide they woulde rather die, and that they had
by force sha\ien three of our men alter the Morish manner, and hou the I'orlingals had sought
all the meanes they coulde to buy them lor slauos, oH'cring money for them that tliev might
sende them to Malacca, how they were set at libcrtie againe, I'v might goe where tliey vvouhlc
within the towne, and so they hoped all would be well, and that thry shoulde hee set at
libcrtie for seme small ransome, and that the (iouernour asked ihem o(MX>. Uialles of S. but
they hoped lo briiiL; hinj to 'i(XK). whereat we murli reioyr.l.

The H. i). and It), of October we pa.sscjl oucr lo make smue agreement with them tiiat we
might be quiet.

The II. of Oeidber they agreedc v[)[)(in a ransoiiu' of 2()(K). Kyallcs ol eyght, .unl uere con-
tent, th.\i what goodes soeucr we had taken from them, wee shoulde keepe as our owne, and
for (uirgoodcs that they had sjoUii, and forcibly taken from our men within the towne, they
would keepc them, and so exchange one lor the other, they likewise were content to <piit vs
(if all (uu- (libt<, that \vc ought wiiliiu the towiic evtiier to the (Jouernor or to any tithcr man,
and that frciii thence forwarde we should be free, .uul traniepie in the towne, both to buy anil
sell when it pleased \s, & with ihcir good willes as we had done, and before we paide otir
money, the to«nc was to siiide two men aborde our ship'*, which done, we were to pay the
halfe of (Uir ranvonu', and vpon the payment thereof, they shoulde set halfe of our men at
liberty, .iiul ih;il JKiU'e of ( ur men being come aborde, wee were to pay l!ic other halfe of our
ransome, which w.is KXX). lUalles of eyght ; which being perlornied, their two men, ami
their other lialfe of our men were on both .sides to bee dermereil ami sctte free, and without
contradiction il was perrormed.

The I'i and !,'{. this amei ment being ended, diners victuailers came aborde our shippes to
sell \> Heniie>., I''gge--, and all other kind ff \ictnailes.

The 1 1, we yaue ccrtainc pre-ente^ in signc of good will, to suih as had shewed vs fauoiir
when \M- wiMc in (nntentinii with them.

The I,'). I(>. I 7. and IS. •■oiiK oT oiu- I'.iclors went into the towne, where they bought cer-
tainc lV|)per, & brought it abord our ships.

The 10. ihev went again into the towne, & bought a greater quantitie at ;). sa< kes for one
Catii, minding in th.it scirie eucr\ dav to take in our lading, hut it fell not out as wee desired,
f'lr the I'ortingalles tliat coulde not brooke <jur coiupanv, made such means to the Goiiernour,

that

Ships vt\yagf. TRAFFIQUKS, AND DISCOUEIUES.

that he j^auc comniandcmcnt that wc should buy no more Pepper, before we had paide 1400.
Rialles of 8. which he c hallcn<;ecl of vs because we had cast aiikcr within his streamc, whcre-
vpon our Marchantes went and nj^reed with him, which done wee thiniiing to buy Pepper as
we did before, the Gouernour a<!;ainc commanded to the contrarie, whereby we perceyued
their dcceipt, in that he wold not hold his word The countrymen would gladly haue soUle
ihcir Pepper, as also the Cl.inars, Arabians, Xtahometitians, and secretly some PortingalleSj
but when wc saw wee could not get if out but with great daunger, wee thought it not con-
ucnicnt to buv : and when we spake vnto the Gouernour, touching the holding of his worde,
iic made vs answerc, that he had no bones in his tongue, and that therefore he coulde speakc
that w liiil) he ment not to doe : and to say the truth most part of the lauars are a kind of de-
cciffull people, for whatsocuer they say and presently pcrforme, that shjll you be sure of and
no more.

The yr>. of October (here came an Ambassador into Bantam sent from Malacca to theGouer-
nor with a jiresent of lOOOO. Rials of S. desiring him to forbid vs both his towne and streame,
that wee iv.ight not tranic|ue there. Whereof wee were aducrtised by the Sabandar and other
of (Mir IViendc- coimsflli j; our men to get them out of the towiie, and not to returne again,
otheruiso they would I)c in daimgerto be st;iycd againe, and we hauing sent a man into the
towne to saue him from being hoidcit prisoner, our host where we lay being on shore was
forced to bring him out ciuierod with crrtaiue mattes; so that vppon the ^6. of the same
inonth ;ill our Iralluke and friendship with them ceased: hut our lioast being our friende,
came serreilv aborde our ships, and shewed vs that he and his company had two ships lying
before the towne, laden witli Niitmegge-i iiiid Mace that came from ]3:inda, for the which hee
aLrrecii with vs at a piice, vpoii condition that we should sccinc to take them by force, that
tliercbv he might colour liis dealing with vs : wlierexpon the first of Noucmbcr wc sailed
clo^e to the towne with all our siiips, and set v|)on the two lauan shippes, wherein we found
to the niiinhcr of .'{(). slaues, tiiat knew nothing of their maisfers bargaine made with vs, so
that they began to nsisl vs, wherewith we shot among them, and j)resently slew 4. or 5. of
them, the rc^t leapt oucr horde, and sw.mime to land, wiiich done we tooke the two ships, and
put their l.idiiig into ours: flu- Portiii-alles ship|»e that brought tlieir Ambassadour, lay close
vnder the shore.whori vnto weseiii two ol'cur boats, but tlie Porfingals that were in her shot so
thicke uith their pecces vppon our men, that our boates were fnrted to leaue ihem with losse
of one of oiu' men, but our>hippcs shot in such sorte with their ordinance vppon the Portin-
gall shippe, that they spovled and brake it in peeces, wherein their L'aptaine was slainr, and
the \ i if II. I iters that stil livnight \s victuailes to sill, toUi.c vs that with inir peeces we had slain
three or foure men within ihe towue, \ that the townes men began to make an armie of
,ships to set vpon vs.

ihe 'i. of Nouembcr we espyed a shippe that came toward Bantam, which we ioyned vnto
with (Uir beats, and being iieere vnto it, they spread their fights, which were of thicke mattes,
and began to defend fiientselues ; our men shot among them with stone pecces and Caliuers,
and ti:ey defentled themselues with great courage, hauing halfe pikes wherewith they thrust at
vs, iV that serucd likewise to blow arrowes out of them, for thev were like trunkes, out of
tiie whicli trunkes tiu'v sliot so great numlicrs if arrowes, that they lell as thick as luivle, and
siiofte so (ertainely, that iherewirh they luni at the le.ist eyght or nine of our men, but
the arrowes :ne tiiiiiiieand liglif, soth.it their biaste coultle not make them cntiT into the flesh
abuue the thicknes of two fingers, onely the head of the arrowe ( which is made of reede, aiul
loi'se 'lavcth in the flesh; when we shot witli our Caliiurs they ramie behind tlieir li"htes,
but who they perceuied ih.it their m.itted ligiits could not defende iliem, and that they were
killed tiiroui;!) them, they entered into their bo.ife, and by strength of oares rowed from vs,
leaning their shippe, wherein wc founde two dead mi'ii, and wc slew three un re of them as we
rowed after llieir boat, so titat in all they lost line men, as wc alter heard, and that they were
to the mnnber of 40. which done, wee brought their shippe to ours, wherein we found uood
store of Rvce and drved fi.'-!i.

fhc

Why the Go-

iiernprAtbad vs
trdtlickc.

Howihey tinikf
two Iiuaii shu's.

Tfuy t"ought
with .1 I'Driin-

'I'hcy tViight
With -t Iiii..rt
ihtj'rr.

I' I

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

'Fliefoure Hollanders

The minliants
follow them
with »>ri^.

The 6. of Nouembcr, perceyuing not any hope of more trafficke for vs with those of Ban-
tam, wee hoised anker and set sayle, setting our course towardes the straight of Sunda.

The seuentb of Nouember wee came and ankercd before a Riuer of freshe water, about
sixe miles from Bantam, where wee tooke in our prouision of water : thither certaine Mer-
chants followed vs with Porseline, telling vs that they were sory for our departure, & that
they longed for our returne againe.

The thirteenth of Nouember wee set sayle, and about euening wee came before lacatra, in
time past called Sunda Calapa, which hath bccnc a rich Towne of marchandise, bvt vppon
some occasions and by reason of their hard vsage the Marrhants had withdrawen themselucs
from thence, therefore at this present there is little or nothing to doe. lohn Hughcn in his
bookc saith this to be the principal townc of trafficke, but that is long sithence, for now there
is not any trade of marchandise.

The fourteenth of Nouembcr wee sent two of our men into the towne, hauing some of
theirs in pawnc, who tolde vs that many of the inhabitantcs were gone out of the towne with
all their goodes, being in great fcare of our pecces, and tlicre wee had great store of victuaile^,
and much more then wee required brought abord our ships.

The 18. wee set saile from lacatra, and being about two miles from the towne, our shippe
called Amsterdam fell vppon a clUTc, but it gut off againe without any hurt, and therewith
wee presently made towardes the straight.

The 2. of December we passed by '3. towncs which we might easily pcrceiue, we likewise
passed by Tubam, and ankcred vnder Sidaya. The 3. of December there came men out of
the towne, and desired vs to stay, saying that there we might haue Cloues & Nutmegs as
many as we woulde, bringing certaine bankctling stuffe (as a present from their King) vnto
Schelengcrs ship, because it lay nearest to the land, and they came most abord it.

The 4. of December they came again into Schcllengcrs ship, bringing certaine prcsentes
with them, and among the rest a ccrtaync birdc that coulde swallowc fyer, which is a very
strange fowle, and was brought aliuc to Amsterdam, which after was giucn to the states of
Hollande lying in thcHage, and >(inie good fruitcs, willing vs to srnde a man on shore, tt) see
their spices, whereof they said they had great store : whcrevpon we sent a man out of the
Amsterdam, and with him an interpreter, one of tiie Portingalles hlaue>i, they leauing three or
fi)iire of their men ahorde our shippcs, for pawnes till his rcfuriic : wlicn our man rame to
lande hee was well vsed,and there they shewed him fortie or fiflie bais of Clones; which done
thcv brought him before the King, that promised him great fauor, and told him lliat the next
day he wold himsclfe come aborde our ships, and deale with our Captaines, and with that
he let our man depart.

The .'). of December we expected the Kingcs comining abnrde, putting out all our flagges
and streamers, and about noone there came 8. or 9. indifferent great shippcs full of men
from off the shore, wherein wee thought the King to bee, but when they were .almost at vs
they diuidcd themselues, three of them rowing to .Shellengers ship, and when they horded
him, they thinking the King had been there, Keymer \an Ilel as Factor and the Maistcrcame
forth to rcceyiie him, but the lauers entering all at onre, Hevmcr van Ifei said. What will all
these people do aborde the shippe, for there was at the least two hundred men, who all at
one time drewe out their poiiiyardes, and stabbed our men that ncuer suspected ihem, so that
presently they had slaine tweliie of the shi|)pe, and two sore wounded, that bnlilly withstoode
them : tiic rest of our men beiuK vnder hatches presently tooke their pike-;, and thrust so fast
out at the grate*, iliat tlie lauers woulde haue forced the middle part of the ship, wherein
was two entries, bitt our men standing at them with their swordcs in haiide draue them out,
^'im '"'"*"' '"" '''■"'''"K ''t'" '" thru>it vp with thi'ir pikes, meane time they kindled tier, lighted their
matclies, and shot oil their stone jiceces that lay alxiue the hatches, whcrwilii they began pre-
sently to flip, most of them le:ij)ing ouer bord, and swam to their two boates, that lay harde
by oiirshi|)pes, whercor one with a jjrcat peece was j)reseiit!y striken in pecces: The rest of
i;ur shij)s hearing vs sliootc in that manner, entered into their boats, and niatlc towanles

them,

il-,w the Ir

' Hollandeis

lose of Ban-
unda.

kvatcr, about
LTtainc Mer-
tiirc, & that

re lacatra, in
', bi>t vppon
n themsehics
ighcn in hU
or now there

Liins some of
e towne with
of victuailea,

\ our shippe
iiid therewith

wc likewise
e men out of
[ Nutmegs as
r King) vnto
t.

ne prcsentes
lich is a very

I the states of
shore, to see
n out of the
uiiig three or
■nnn rame to

which done
tiiat the next
nd with that

II our flagged
full of men
almost at vs
they borded

M.ii>tcr rame

What will all

who all at

hem, so that

withstoode

luHist SO f;ist

ip, wherein

ue theni out,

htcd their

y be^an prc-

lat lay harde

Tlic rest of

Ic towjnles

fhcm,

Ships xoyagv. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 33

them, rowing harde to the three Indian fustes, wherein were at the least 100. men, and
shottc among them with their pceces, wherewith they leapt into the water, euery man swim-
ming to shore, and we with two boates after them, hewing and killing them as our deadly
cmemies, who vnder pretence of friendshippe sought to murther vs, and wee handled them
in such sort, that of two hundred men there got not aboue thirty of them to lande, the rest
of their fustes Iny farrc ofl' and beheld the fight : Three of their fustes thought to rowe to the
Pinacc to fake her, which they might easily haue done, as hauing not aboue 7. or 8. men in
her, being busie to set vppe a newe maste, but when they porceyued their men to bee so
handeled in the Amsterdam, and that they leapt ouer borde, they turned backe againe, and
in great haste rowed to land, so that at that time they got not much by the bargaine, and no
small griefe to vs, for there wee lost 12. men, that were all stabbed with poinyards, their names The names of
were lohn lacobson Schellenger, maistcr of the ship, Reymer van Hel Factor, Gielis Giele- '^"' J"'".'^"
son Gentleman, Rarent Bonteboter, Arent Cornedrager, Cornells van Alcmuer, Simon
lanson, Wiltschut loos the Carpenter, Adrian de Metselar, one of the Portingalles slaues, and
two boyes, whereof one was but twelue yeares olde, whereby wee perceyued them to be a
kindc of < ruoll people, for liiey had giuen the little boy and all the rest of our men at
the least Vi stabbes a peccc after they were dead.

The saine day about euening we hoysed ankers, and set sailc, hauing manned the Am-
•.(erdam witli men out of our oiher shippes, and so helde our course Eastward.

The G. of December we came to a great Island called Madura, where we ankered, and in
the euening two of their men came abordc our shippes, with message from their Gouernour,
snyinj; that we were welcome, desiring vs to stay there, for he would traflicke with vs, and
sell vs some Pepper, as they saide, but wee belieued them not.

The 7. of December there rame another boat abord, bringing certainc fruites, saying that
the next dav their (Jouernour would come to see our shippes.

The 8. there came a great tustc and throe smal boats, from off the land all full of men,
«,->ving their CJouernour was among tiiem : we willed them not to goe to the Amsterdam, but
to the Mauritius, but they wouide not, but made to the Amsterdam, thinking because there
had bcene so many murthered in her, there was not many men abordc her at that time, and
when they were within a pykes length of her, (althc ugh they were directed to the other
shippes) ti>ev remembring their late mischance, shottc oil" three or foure stone Peeces full
hiden, wlierewitii tiiev slew and hurt many of the Indians, wherevpon they presently leapt
ouer bord, &: wee witli our l)oates foUcwed after and slew diuers of them, taking ten or
twcliie, tlunkiiig by them to know what their intent was to doe, but they coulde not certifie
\s, anil therefore we let them ijo againe onely keeping two boyes, who long after stole out
of the -hippc, andswainmc to laude : 'fhey toldevs that the Gouernour being a Bishoppe or
chiefe instructor of the counirey, was within the boate and slaine among the rest, hee had
therein likewise a little boy one of his sonnes who wee likewise tooke, and sent to lande:
'i he Bisiioppe was of Meca, and much esteemed of among them, a great Clearke, and
Gouernour ouer all the rest of the Countrey : There was a lewcll found about him, which
as yet is kept.

About euening we hoysed ankers, & set sayle, & the II. of December we came to two
small Islands, where wee ankered, there woe founde none but jioore people and fishermen,
that brought \s(ish, Ilen-^, and other fruit to sell.

The l.'J. wee set sayle, and the 14. wee had a West winde, which they call the passage
winde, that wi uld haue serued vs well to saile to Moluccas, from whence wee were not How fare they
distant aboue two hundred miles, and as tiien it was a good yeare for Clones, which hap- [""f""' Mo-
peneth euery three yeares : It was told vs that we might there haue a Cabbin laden full of
Clones, wherevpon wee determined to sayle thither, but because wee had already indured a
long and troublesome voyage, and but ill manned, wee wouide not, longing to bee at home :
This contrary wind holding vppon the foure and twentic of December wee came to an Islandc
where we had bccne before

The

}

I I

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The foiire Hollanders

The Amster-
ij-tin t?t on tire.

The 25. of December lohn Molenaer maister of the Maiiritiiis, dyed sodainely, for an
hower before hee was well, and in pood health.

The 28. 39. .W. and 31. of December wee were busied to take all the wares, sayics, and
other (hinges out of the Amsterdam, her vicfuailes and furnitures seruina; for our voyage
homewarde, fc lying vnder that Island, we had victuailcs brought vs euery day as much as
wee needed, both fish, Hens, venison and fruit, and at reasonable price, but tlicre wc could
get no water.

The M. of lanuary when we had vnladcn the Amsterdam we set her on tier. letting her
biirne, taking her men into our shippes.

The 12. of Fanuarie we set sayle again, some desiring to sayje Eastward, others Westward
but in fine wee set Westwarde to sayle once againe to Bantam, wherewith the Mauritius
say led Soiithea>twarde, to gcttc about the Island of laua, and we followed her. The If of
fanuary we once .igainc perccyued the East point of the Island of .Madura, and held our
course Southward : on that side of .Madura there lyeth many small Islandcs, through whirh wi-
say led.
Thr Pinj t v.i Thelfi. in the morning our Pinace fell on grounde vpon the coast of laua, not far from Pan-
fround, norocan, where she .-sliotie oil" three |)eeces, at the which warning wee made thiflier with our

boates, and by the heipe of God got her ofl'againe : There we saw a high hil that burnt,
vnder and aboue the fire hauing a great smoake, most strange to behold.

The 18. of fanuary we entered into the straight that runneth bctwcenc laua and IJaly, ai;d
by rea.son of the hard & contrary streamc that ran therin, we were forced to anker vpon the
roast of laua, where wee found good anker ground.

The 19. wee set set sayle, and when wee came neere to the coa>t of Baly, we entered into
a rough strcame, and our shippes drauc barkeward, as swiftly as an arrow out of a bow, and
there we found no anker ground, nor any anker could haue holden vs, but Mole/iaer got the
coast of lana and ankercd, which in the endc wee likewise did, and ankcred at the least
three miles from him, and so murh wc had driuen baeke in the space of halfe an houre.
The 20. of lanuarie wee went and lay by our other ships.

The 21. of lanuarie there came two barker to the Mauritius, wherein there was one that
roulde speake good Porlingall, who tolde vs that the towne of Mailaboam was besieged by a
strange King, that had marrved the King ol Ballaboams daughter, and after he had lainc witli
her he caused her to bee slaine, and then came to besiege her father. This towiic of Balla-
boam Ivcth on the E.ist end of the Island of laua, and is the same towne where M. Candish
was when lieo passed that wav, and the old King wherof he writeth wa>i as then yet lining,
being at liie least 1(K). years of age. There we saw great numbers of italics, tliat Hew oner
our shippes, and were as bigge as Crowes, whirl) in that Countrev ihcy \se to eat, ns ihcy
sav : .\bout noone we rame before the towne of Ballaboam, so neare vnto it, that we might
easily see it, and there we lay bchin<l a high point of lande, thinking to take in water.

The 22. of lanuarie wc tooke our Pinace, and snyled about the shore .is neere the land . s
possible we might, to sceke for fresh water, but wc found none, for the Hiuer that ran
fiirough the towne was paled \p (by iheni llial I:n before it) so ili.it no man might passe
either out or in, but onely on the lande side, and that with great dauiiger : 'fhe same d.iv
there ranie 2. or .'{. men abord our shijipe, that stole out of the towne bv night, and rame
from the King, to desire our help with our great shot, which wee roulde not iloe ; because
tliat thereabouts it was verv shallow, and we might not go neere it with our shippes ; they
tnhic vs thrv had great want of victuailes witiiin the tcwtie, wherrbv nianv of them were
alreadv dcade for hunger, and murh desired our aide, but it was not in vs to doe. Those
that besieged the towne were Mfires, but thev in the towne were he.itliens, and as yet
had not receyued Mahomets lawe, and that (as wee heard after) wjs tlie cause of their
warrc : There wee saw e inanv Storkcs flving and sitting in the fielde : with \s we r.innot
imagine where the St'irkes reniainc in \vintcr time, but here wee •■awe tlicin in the winter
lime.

fhe

wee

llollandtrs

.3
::f!

■.'k

nely, for an

■ f:

sajics, and

our voyage

as much a^

re wc coul'J

letting her

s Westward.

c Mauritiu.'*

The li ol

ml helil our

^h wiiich wi'

ar from Paii-

icr with our

that burnt,

id Baly, ai;J

r %'poii the

entered into

a how, and

iiaor got the

at the least

houre.

was one that

sieged by a

d lainc witli

nc of Balla-

M, Candish

yet lining,

If Hew (uier

tat, ns ihey

at we might

water.

> the land ns

er that ran

ni<;ht passe

u' same d.iy

If, and came

>e ; bc<atisc

ippps ; they

them were

■:j

loe. Those

-i

-■■1

and as yet

\'iC of their

we r.innof

1 the winter

riu-

Skip* voyage. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

The a*, of lanuarie we sayled from thence, perceyuing nothing for vs to get, and tookc
our course right ouer to the bland of Bally.

The 25. we came to Bally, where one of their barks horded vs, telling vs that there we
should find a Riuer of fresh water, and of all thinges elii sufficient to serue our necessities,
wherevpon wee ankered.

The 26. of lanuarie our Ptnace sent her boat to land, to sec the Riuer, and there one of
our men was sent on shore, but when he was on land he found nothing, but an armie of ten
thousand men, that ment to relieuc the towne of Ballaboam, and the Riuer was nothing worth
to lade water, wherevpon our men came on bordc againe : Their General! thought to haue
gotten some great pray out of our shippes.

The 27. of lanuarie we set sayle to finde a conuenient place to refresh vs with water and
other prouision, for wee were informed by a manofBengala, that of his owne will sayled with
vs, and that had beene in Bally, that there wee should finde water and other thinges to serue
our necessities, so that by night wee ankered vitder a high pointe of lande on the South West
ende of Bally.

The 28. of lanuary one of their boates bordcd vs with sixe or seucn men, saying that their
King was desirous to deale with vs for such wares as hee had, and sent to know from whence
we came, and we said wee came out of Holland.

The 29. and 30. there came more men abordc our shippes, but as wee suspected that was not
the right hauen, for the people came rowing in great haste a far otti and the man of Bengala
could not tell what to say, but the King was thereabout, and euery day sent vs some
fruit.

The first of February wee had two hogges brought aborde our shippc;), that wee bought for
two Ryalles of eyght, and we eate them very sauerly.

The 2. of Februarie, we set sailc that wee might get aboue the point, where wee thought to
finde a better place for freshe water, but by reason the winde was contrary, wee coulde not doe
it, but were forced to anker again.

The 3. of February we set saile againe, and then wee had a storme, so that our saile
blew euery way, and because of the contrarie winde we could not reach aboue the point, but
were constrained to anker, but the Mauritius and the Pinace got past it, although thereby
the Mauritius was in no little daunger, but because the Pilot had laid a wager of 6. Rialles of
8. that hee woulde get aboue it, hee would passe, what daunger soeuer it might be, and
sayled close along by the clifTes, whereby wee lay at anker without companie.

The 4. and 5. wee set saile once againe to get aboue the point but could not reach it.

The 6. we had a letter from Rodenburgh, that certified vs how the Mauritius lay at anker at
the least 7. or 8. miles beyond the point, and he that brought the letter came with if ouer
land ; and at the same time there was a man sent on lande with a small present for the
King, that we might winne his fauour.

The 7. our man came on borde againe, and brought vs newes how Rodenburgh with one
of the Portingalles slaues, being on lande were against their willes led before the King, but
the saylors of the Mauritius had gotten men for pledges.

The 8. of lanuarie, the same man went on land out of our shippe with more presentes
«f vcluet and acaliuer, the better to get the Kingcs fauour, which liked him well, and le-
sired vs to bring the ship nearer to the towne, saying he would send vs water, and other
things siilTicient to supply our wants.

The 9. we -s.iylcd into the checke with our shippe, & ankered about a small hall'e mile
from the land, Si being ankered there came at the least 70. boates of the Conntrey to see out
ship, and the King sent vs word that hee was desirous to heare vs shoote off 5. or 6. of our.
great peeces, wherevppon wee shot fine of our greatest peeces, and the King stoode vppon
the shore to see them.

The 10. we had a letter from Cornclis Iloutman, to wil vs to rome to tliein, for that therif
they had founde a good place for water, ami of all other necessaries, so that .ibout eiiening
wee set saylc, leaning two of our men and a Porlingail slauc among tlie Indians, whome the

VOL. V. £ Kinjj

*ih

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

Tlie foure Honanden

•I

Kin;; promttied slmiild come vnto vs ouer land, yet that night wee could not reach aboue the
point, meunc time wc pcrccyucd our Pinace that came to heipe vs.

The 16. \sc got by the Ntauritius, that had already laden in her water, and hooped her
vessrlii, whcrcvpon we began presently to do the like, and to visitc our vessels that were
almost spoyled.

The 17. our men whome wee left with the King came ouer land vnto our ahippes, and
then wc bought great store of cattle and fruit.

The 18. 19. 3(). and 21. wee imployed our time to lade water, which wee had verie
rnsily, and refreshed our seiue.'i with Cattle, Hogges, fruit, and Lemons sufficient. There
came one of the Kingcs principall officers with our men ouer land, to pleasure vs in all
fhinss we desired, he was very desirous to haue some present of vs.

The 2*2. of lanuaric two of our men that sayled in the Mauritius stayed on lande, but wee

kncwe not the cause : it should seemc some great promises had beenc made vnto them, for

as we vnderstoode, the King was very desirous to haue all sorles of strange nations about

him, but our people were therein much ouerseene, for there they liued among heathens,

T*ooiovu ''"* ncythcr knewc God nor his commandementes, it appeared that their youthcs and wildc

K^tnui)ti with heades did not remember it, one of their names was Emanuel Rodenburgh of Amsterdam,

th. indiui'. ,],(. f,thcr lacob Cuypcr of Delft : within a day or two they sent vnto vs for their clothes,

but wee sent them not.

Tlie 33. iM. and 35. we made a voyage on land, and fetcht as many Hogges abord our
shippes as we could eate.

The 25. of Febniarie we hoysed ankers, minding to set saile & so go homeward, leaning
our 2. men aforesaid on land, but because it was calme weather wc ankered, and went once
n^aine on lande, and the 26. of the same Month wee set saile and hcldc our course West
South West, but we had a calmc.

The situation of the Island of Baly.

THe Island of Baly lying at the East end of laua, is a verie fruitfull Islande of Ryce,
Ileiines, Hogges, that are verie good, and great store of cattle: but they are very dric and
leanc bcastes. They haue rtiany hor'^es : the inhabitantes are heathens, and haue no religion*
for some pray to Khie, others to the Sunne, and euerie man as hec thinketh good. When a
man dyeth his wife burneth her selfe with him : there were some of their men abordc our
.shippes, that told vs, that when some man dyeth in that Countrcy, that sometimes there are at
the least fifty women that will burne thcmselues with him, and site that doth not so is ac-
counted for a dishonest woman : so that it is a common thing with them : The apparel
both of men and women is for the most part like those of Bantam, nothing but a
cloth about their middles : Their weapons is, each man a poinyarde at their backes, and a
trunke with an iron point like a speare, about a fadom and a halfe long, out of the which
they blowe ccrtaine arrowcs, whereof they haue a case full ; it is an euil weapon for naked
men : they are enemies to the Mo.'cs and Portingalles. This Island yceldeth no spire,
nor any other costly ware, onely vicfuailes and clothes which they weare about their
bodies, and slaues that are there to be aolde. The King went with more state then the
King of Bantam : all his garde had pikes with heades of fine gold, and he sate in a
wagon that was drawen by two white Buffles.

The first of March we had a calme.

The third we got a good wind that blew Southcisf, holding our course West South West.

The fourteenth the wind blew stil South East, sometimes more Southwarde, and sometimes
Eastward, being vndcr H. degrees, and a good sharpe gale, holding our course West Southwest;
There we found that laua is not so hroade, nor stretcheth it selfc not so much Southwarde, as
it is set downe in the Carde : for if it were, we should haue passed clean through the middle
of the land.

The 22. of March the winde heldc as it did, being vnder 19, degrees, holding our course
West South Wcit.

Th<

How 50 u-omc«
bdtiit thtnt
'rlurs with one
Itian.

1 Rc siluatioi el

lonander*

aboue the

looped her

that were

ippe!), and

! had verie

nr. Thore

■r

c V9 ill all

■i

e, but wee

them, for

ioiiH about

r heathens.

) and wildc

Amsterdam,

eir clothes.

abord our

ird, leaning

went once

oursc Wc9l

; of Ryce,

ry drie and

10 religion*

. When a

abordc our

there arc at

[)t so is ac-

'hc apparel

ing but a

ekes, and a

■ the which

1 for naked

1 no spice.

iboiit their

e then the

c sate in a

jth West.

sometimes

Southwest;

thwarde, as

the middle

our course

Th«

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

Ships voyage.

The 19. of April our ship had no more bread left, btil for our last partition eiiery man had
seuen pound, both good and badde breadc, and from that time forwardc our meate was Rice
sodden in water, and euery man had a canne of water euery day, with three romers of
wine, and weekely each man three romers or glasses of oylc and that very strong, and
nothing els.

The 20. we had a calmc, the 21. a calme with a Northerne aire.

The 23. a good wind that blew Southwest.

The 24. we saw the firme lande of i€thiopia, being vnder 33. degrees, and .ns wee gessed,
wee were then about an hundred miles from the Capede bona Spcrance, yet we thought we
had been at the least three hundred miles from it, so that wee may say, that God wrought
wonderfully for vs : for that if wee had fallen by night vpnn the land, we had surely runne
vpon it; wee had a good winde out of the West, and West Southwest.

The2.J. of Aprill in the morning wee had a calme, with a very hollow water, & at euenin/r
we had a good winde, that came North and Northeast, and although wee had so good a wind
yet our shippe bare but little saylc, although the other two shippes of our company were at
the least two mile before vs, for most part of the night wee snyled with our srhouer saile.
holdin;; our course Southwest & by West.

The ^6. of Aprill in the morning we roulde not sec our shippcs, which pleased not our
men, bcsiilcs that our shippe was very weake, whereby her ribs shoke, and her ioynts with
the force of the water opened and shut, so that as then our shippe was very Icake, hauing
the winde Northwest, holding our course as neerc as wee could West Southwest, and then we
put out our mainc saylcs, nt noonc the winde came West, with a great storme, so that most of
our sayles blew in peeces, and so wee draue forward with ont sayles.

The 27. of Aprill still driuing without saylc with a West winde, wee were vnder thirty sixe
degrees, so that we found that the strcame draue vs South & South West.

The 28. of April! still driuing without sailes, we h.nd the height of 36. degrees and 20. mi-
nutes, and about cucning we hoised saile againe, the winde being West Southwest, & we
held our course Northwest with very hollow water.

The 2'J. of April we could n( t as yet see our shippes, the wind being West.

The 30. of Aprill we had fayre weather with a Wc<>t and West South West wind, and then we
saw many great birdes with white billes, which is a signe not to bee far from the Cape de bona
Sperance, we likewise saw certain small birdes, speckled on their backes and white vpon their
breasts.

The first of May wee h.id a South winde with fayrc weather, hauing 3-t degrees and a halfe,
holding our course West Southwest.

The seconde of May wee were vnder .3j. degrees, and i. holding our course West and West
and by North.

The fourth of May we found our selues to be vnder .37. degrees South South East winde, our
course being West and by North, and West North West.

The 5. and 6. of May we had all one winde at noonc being vnder 3.). degrees, wee thought
wee had past the Cape, and held our course Northwest, towardes Saint Helena, still without
sight of our ships.

The 8. of Nfay with a South wind wee helilc North West and by West.

The 9. we had a calme with a gray sky, and were vnder 31. degrees and twentie minutes,
and then our portion of oyle was increased a glassc more euery wecke, so that euery man had
foure glasses.

The 10. we had stil South winds, and were vnder 29. deg.

The 14. of May twice or thrice we saw rcedcs, called Trombos driuing on the water, being sjnf.oftKf
such as driue about the Cape dc bona Speranza, which wee thought verie strange, for that s"/,',^^,'*"
the Portingals write, that they are scene but thirtie myles from the Cape, and wee gest our
ielues to be at the least 200. beyond it.

The 15. we still had a South East wind, & helde our course Northwest.

The 16. of May in the morning we saw two ships, whereat we much reioyced, thinking thejr

«7

hai

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

Tliefoure HoUanden

■\

jffi

Fiiiii-r P..tt.ii;.il
Ijjirii.

had bcene our cotnpanic, wc made to lecwnrdc of them, and the fimallcftt of them comming
Momewhat ncere vs, abont the length of the shotie of a Rreat peccc, shee made prctently
toward her fellow, whereby we pcrcciued thrni to l»ee Frenchmen, yet wee kept to leeward,
thinking they would haiie come & xpoken with v«, but it should secmc they feared vs, and
durst not come, but held their course Northeast ; at nnone we h.ul the height ofiii. degrees,
and 50, minutes with a Soulheast wind, holding our course Northwest.

Tlic 17. of Nfav wee were vnder 21. degrees and a halfc: the 18. the wind being Southerly,
we were rnder 19. degrees and a halfe.

The ID. and 20. we had a ralmc with a Southern are.

The 21. the ayre romming Southwest, wc held our eourse Northwest : and were vnder 17.
degrees and \. p.nrtes: There we found the compassc to decline three quarters of a strike or
line North e.istward, after noone we had a Southeast wind, and our course West Northwest.

The 22. of May wc had still a Southeant vrinde, and were vnder the height of lit. degrees
and -k). minutes, holding our course West Northwest.

The 23. of May, by rcanon of the cloudy sky, almut noone we could not take the height
of the Sunnc, but as we gest wc had the height of the Island of S. lIcicDa, and held our
course West and by South to kcepc vnder that height, for there the comp;isscs decline a whole
strike or line: in the euening we found that we were vnder 1(5. degrees.

The 2+. of May in the morning wee disrouered a I'or:ingall ship, that stayed for vs, and
put out a flagge of truce, tind because our tiaggc of irucc was not so readic as theirs, and
we hauing the wind of him, therefore hr shot two shootes at vs, and put forth a flagge out
of his mainc top, and wc shot 5. or 6. times at him, and so held on our course without speak-
ing to him, hauing a South East wtnde, holding our course West and by South to find the
Island of S. Helena, vhich the Porting;tl likewise sought.

The 2."i. of May we disronercd the Island of S. Helena, but we rnuld not see the Poriingai
ship, still savling with a stitt'e Southeast wind, & al>t)ut em'ning we were vnder the Island,
which is very high lande, andmay be scene at the least 14. or l.'i. miles olV, and as we .savled
ahinit the North point, there lav three otiier great I'ortingal shi|H, we being nut aboue half a
mile from them, whercvpon wee heldc in the weather and to seawarde Northeast as much as
we might. The I'ortingallcs pen-eyuing vs, the Admiral of their (loet shot otl" a pecrc to
rail their men that were on land to come aborde, and then wee saw foure of their shippes
together, that were worth a great munme of money, at the least il(X). tonnes of gold, n)r ihcjr
were all laden with spices, precious stones, .md other rich wares, aiul therefore wee durst no!
anker vnder the Island, but lay all night Northeastwanle, staying for our company.

The 26. of May in the morning wee made towardes the Island againc, with a good Soutli-
east windc, and about noone or somewhat past we disericd two Hhip|>es, and about euening as
we m.idc towards them, we knew them to be our company, which made vs to rcioice, for we
had been a»iunder the space of a whole Month, & so wc- helde together and sayled home-
ward, holding our ciurse Northwest : for as yet our men were well and in good health, and
we found a good Southeast windc, and had water enough for foure or line monthes.

The 27. 2S. 2i>. and 30. of May wee had a Southeast winde, with faire weather, and the 27.
dav wc were vnder 14. degrees. The first of lune we were vnder ti. tlegrees, with a Southeast
wind, holding our course North West, but by means of the Compassc that yeelded North east-
ward, we kept about Northwest & by North. The 6. of lune wee were vnder one degree on
the South side of the line, there wee foundc that the streame drane vs fast into the West,
and therefore wee helde our course more Northernely and sayled Northwest and by North,
with an Mast and Smith Last wind. The 7. of lune wee past the liqiiinoctiall line, with an
liajst winde, holding our course North Northwest.

The 10. of lune in the euening we were vnder a. degrees and a luille on the North sidi of
the line, and then we l)e;;an again to sec the North star, which for ti)e space of 2. years we
had not scene, holding our course North Northwest, there we began to haue smal blasts, Si
.some times calmes, but the aire all South and Southeast.

The 11. of lune wc had a calme, and yet a darkc sky, that came Southeastwarde.

The

top

HoUaniert

n comming
> prciently
to leeward,
red \n, and
Kit. degreesj

f Southerly,

e vnder 1 7.

a strike or

Northwest.

Iti. dcgrcci

the height
1 held our
iiica whole

for vs, and
(hcir«, and
I llag^e out
lutit speak-
to find (he

r Portiiigai
tlie Island,
I vse .savied
l>oue linll'a
:ts much as
a pecic to
ir Biii|)peti
d, for they
c durst not
ly.

K)d Soutli-
eiicning m
ce, for we
led home-
icalth, and

nd the 27.
Southeast
".'orth casf-
ilej»ree on
(he Went,
by North,
r, vith nn

rth eidi of
yearn we

blag If, (&

The

Shipa voyage: THAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. jM

The 12. of lune wee had a close sky with raine, and the nme day about cuening our fore
top mastc fell downe. •,

The 13. we strake all our sailes and mended our ship.

The 14. we had the wind Northward, holding oiy course West Northwest as neare as we
roulde, but by reason of the thick sky wee could not take height of the Sun. The 15. of
lime we had the wind North, & North Northwest.

The 16. of lune wee had the height of 9. degrees & 10. minutes, the winde being North-
cast and North Northeast. The 17. the wiudc was Northeast with fair weather, & we held
Northwest, & Northwest & by North till after iioone. The 18. we tookea great fish called Thy.nokei
an Ahicrcoor, which serued vs all for 2. meals, which wee had not tasted of long time before. '"*' '"'''•

The 2(i. we had »lill a Northeast winde, and sometimes larger, holding our course North
Northwest with large saiie, and were vnder 17. degrees and J^.

The .same day there came much dust flying into our shippc, as if we had paiit hard by some
sandic downe, & wc gest the nearest land to vs might be the Island of S. Anthony, and
wee were as then at the least 40. or .^)0. miles from it: The same day likewise there came a
flying fish into our shipjie, which we cat.

The 28. of lune wee h.id the height of 20. degrees, with a East Northeast wind i: East
and by Went, with full sayle, (here wc saw much Sargosse, driuing on the water. The last
of lune wc had the Sun right oucr our hcadcs, and yet we felt no heat, for that by reason of
the cold avrc wc had a fine coolc weather. The same day wc passed Tropicus Cancri, still
liauing the winde East Northeast, and in the cuening we were vnder 24. dcgr.

The Hci ond of luly wc Hlill saw Sargossc driuing vpon the water, & had tlic wind
Homcwhat lower North Northeast with a calme. The Ihirile of luly the winde came aguinc
East Northeost, and wee h« lile our course Nortli and by West. The 8. of luly wee were vuder
'.Hi degrees & \. with an l^ast wind, holding our « nurse North and by East, and yet wc baw
much Sargosse driuing, but iiol so tbicke as it did before.

Tlie 10. of lulv we had a good wind that lilewjtouth and South and by East, and hoysted
vp our niaine top, that for (he space of 2G. daicti were oeuer touched, and held our course
North Northeast, there we were in no little feare to fjll among the Spaiiiah fleet, which at
that lime of th«' yeare keepeth about the Elcmuiish Islands.

The same day one of our boyes fell oucr bord, and ivas carried away with a swift Atreame
before the wind, but to his great good fortune, the Pinace saucd him, that was at the least
a quarter of a mile from vs : this cuening wc found the height oi'.iQ. degrees.

The 12. of luly we had a Southwest wind, holding oiu* course Northeast and by North :
Our Pilot and the Pilot of the Pinnace difTcrcd a degree in the height of the Sunne, for
ours h.id .'i8. degrees, and titeirs but 37. We gest to be about the Islands of Corbo &
FlorcN, but the one held more easterly, and the other more Westerly. The 13. of luly
wee had still a Sduthwest winde, and after noonc wee thought wee had scene land, but we
were not assured thereof, for it was somewhat close. The 14. of luly we liad a calme, and
saw no land, and then our men began to be sicke.

The 17. of luly wee had a South Southe.ist winde, with faire weather, and were vnder 41.
degrees, holding our course East Northeast.

The 18. 19. 20. and 21. it was calme. The 22. of luly the winde came North, and wee
hcldc our counie East Southeast. The 23. of luly the wind was North North East and North-
east, and we held as near as we could East & East Southeast, the same day our steward
found a barrcil of stockfish in the roming, which if we had beenc at home we would hawe
cast it on the dungliil, it stunkc so filthily, ic yet we eat it as sauerly .is the best meat in
the world.

The '.i4. we had a West wind, & that with so strong a gale, that wee were forced to set
two men at hclme, which pleased vs well.

The 2j. of luly we had a stormc tlint blew West and West Northwest, so that we bare but
two sailcs, holding our course Northeast and bv East.

The first of Augustwe were viidcr 45. degrees with a North West wind, holding our course
Northeast and by Last.

The

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Thefoure Hollander n

»'

The second of Auguit one of our men called Gerrit Cornellson of Spijckenei died, being
the fint man that dyed in our voyage homeward.

The 4. of August we had a Northwetit wind.

The 6. of Auguat in the morning the winde came Southweat, and we were vnder 47. de-
gree*, holding our courK Northeast and the North Northeast, and wee geat that wee were
not fanr from the channell, those dayes aforesaid we had so great colde in our shippes, as
if it had beene in the middle of winter : We could not be warme with all the dotnes wee
had. The same day we saw Sargosse driue vpon the water.

The 6. of August wc had a West wind, in the morning we cast out our lead and found
riil^lriihthe P""""**^ "' ^' fiw^owc, and about noone we saw a ahippe that bare the Princes flagge, yet
PMMlf' * durst not come neare vs, although we made signes vnto him, and after noone wee saw the
0iui|ei«ja<. land of Heissant, whereat we all reioyced.

The 7. of August in the morning we saw the land of Fraunco, and held our course North
Northeast, and likewise we saw a small shippe, but spake not with it.

The 8. of August in the morning we saw the Kiskas, and had a South wind and somewhat
West, holding our course East Northeast.

The 9. of August we entered the heades, and past them with a Southwest wind, sayling
Northeast. After noone we past by a man of warrc being a Hollander, that lay at anker,
and hce hoysed anker to follow vs, about euening wee spake with him, but because of the
wind wee coulde hardly heare what hee said, yet hce sailed on with vn.

The 10. of August the man of warrc horded vs with hiit boat, and brought v.< a barrel! of

They siw »
min «f wir.

Thr mill ef war

jjwihemvic- Bejrp^ goujg bread and cheese, shewing vs what news he could touching the state of Hol-
land, and presently wee sawe the land of Holland, 9c because it blew very stiflfe & a
great storme, after noone wee ankered about Petten to stay for belter weather, and some
new Pilots, & that was the first time we huA cast ankrr for the space of 5. monthes toge-
ther, about euening it beganne to blow so stifle, that wee 'ost botn an anker and a cable.

The 11. of August we had still a Southerly winde, fc iherefore about noone the Mau-
ritius set saile, and wee thought likewise to saile, but ' ur men were so weake that we could
not hoyse vp our anker, so that we were constrained to lie still till men came out to heipe
vs, about euening the winde came Southwest, and with mo great a storme, that we thought

T^ytutdown fo jjjug inin vpon the strand, and were forced to cut downe our maine maste.

nun milt, ^j^^ jg ^^j jg ^^ j^^j ^ 1^^^ South West wind, & sometimes West, so that no Pilots
came abord our ship, but the 13. day about euening it began to be faire weather.

The 14. of August about breake of day in the morning, there came two boats with Pilots
and men abord our ship, that were sent out by our owners, & brought vs some fresh vic>
tuailes, which done they hoysed vp our nnkers, and about noone we sayled into the TcKsel,
and ankered in the channell, where we 'y,.1 fresh victuailes enough, for we were all very
weake.

This w-is a great nouehie to all the Marchantes and inhabitantes of Ilollande, for that wee
went out from thence the second of April 1595. and returned home .igain vpon the 14. of
August 1597. there you might haue bought of the Pepper, Nutmegs, Cloues, and Mace,
which wee brought with vs. Our saylors were most part sicke, being but 80. men in alK
two third partes of their company being dead, St lost by diners accidentes, and among those
forescore such as were sicke, as soonc as they were on land and at their ease presently re>
couered their healthes.

The Copper money of laus.

Shipi

Tl
as a

of tl
thera
num

Tl
squa
and
they

THi«

re Hollanders
lei died, being

vnder 47. dc-
that wee were
ur ahippes, as
le clothes wee

ad and found
eg flagge, yet
; wee aaw the

' course North

and somewhat

wind, sayling

lay at anker,

tecausc of the

k'« a barrel I of
state of Hol-
y stifle & a
er, and some
nonthes toge-
id a cable.
»ne the Mau-
that we could
out to helpe
It we thought

hat no Pilots

ST.

ts with Pilots
me fresh vie-
o the Tcssel,
vcre all very

for that wee
)n the 14. of
1, and Mace,
. men in all^

amon^ those
presently re»

SMp» voyage.

TRAFFIQUES, AND i COlW^S.

THis Copper money commeth also out of China, is ^mmt a* nicke, great and heauy,
as a quarter of a Ooller, and somewhat thicker, in he middle h ng a sciuare hole, WOO.
of them are worth a Riall of 8. but of these there jre not ouei n«ny, they v«e to hang
them vpon stringes, and pay them without telling, they stand Db so narr' t vpon th^
number, for if they want but 85. or 50. it is nothing.

The leaden money of laua.

THis peece of money (being of bad Leade is very rough) hath in the middle a foure
square hole, they are hanged by two hundred vppon a string, they are commonly 10. 11.
and 12. thousand to a Riall of 8. as there commeth great quantitie out of China, where
they are made, and so as there is plentie or scarcitie they rise and fal.

FINIS.

THis

■as

TRUE REPORT

OF THE

GAINEPULL, PROSPEROUS AND SPEEDY VOIAGE

to
I ^ U ./t

IN TUB

EAST INDIES,

1>EK FORMED BY A FLEETE OF EIGHT SHIPS OF AMSTERDAM:

WHICH

SET FORTH FROM TEXELL IN HOLLAND,

THE FIRST OP MAIF. IMS. WTlljO NOUO.

WIIERKOI- FOL'RF, RETURNED AGAINE HIE 19. OF lULY ANNO;i599. IN LESSF.
THEN li. MONETUS, THE OTHER FOURE WENT FORWARD FROM lAUA

FOR THE MOLUCCAS.

atlLonDon:

PRINTED BY P. 9. FOR W. ASPLEY, AND ARE TO DE SOLD AT THE 8I0NE OF THE TVJERS

HEAD IN PAlLtS CHIRCH-YARO.

TOl. V.

TllUK UEPOUT

THE r.AINFUI.r., PROSPEROUS, AND SPEEDY VOIAGE TO

lAUA IN THE EAST INDIES,

PLHrORMKI) BY A FLI'liT OF 8. SHIPS OF AMSTERDAM:

WHICH

SF,T FORTH FROM TEXELL IN HOLLAND THE FIRST OF MAIE 1598.

STILO NOLO.

« IIKIIKOF I'OI RF. KFTIRNEII AtiAINK TIIK 19. OF Ill.Y ANNO I '.99. IN J.ESSE THEN 15. MONETHS;
THF, OTHKR FOURE WENT FORWARD FROM lAUA FOR THE MOLUCCAS.

WHcrcas in the ycarc of our Lord 1 595. a ccrtainc company of .substantial merchants ol
Amsterdam in Holland did build and set forth for the East Indies four well appointed
shiuncs, whereof three came home An. 1597. with small profit (as already in sundry lan-
miagcs is declared) Yet neuerthelesse the aforesaid company, in hope of better successe,
made out the last yeare 1598. for a second voiage, a flcete of eight gallant ships, to wit.
The shippe called the Mauritius, lately returned from that former voyage, being of burden '•M'^riuus-
two hundrcth .ituI thirty la.st, or foure hundreth and sixty tunnes, or thereabouts. This
shippe was Adinirall of the fleetc. The Master wherof was (jodevart lohnson, the Com-
inissarir or factor Cornelius Heemskerck, and the Pilot Kees Collcn.

The second ship called the Amsterdam, was of the burden of four hundreth & sixty »,Amstadira.
nui*. The Master's name was Claes lohnson Melcknap ; The factor or commissaric lacob
Heemskerck.

The third was named Hollandia, about the burden of sixe hundreth tuns: which had like- jHoUmdia,
wise been in the former vniage. The Master wa.s Symon Lambertson or Mawe, the Factor
Mast. Witte Nijn, who died in the voyage before Bantam, and in hisrooine succeeded lohn
lohnson Smith.

The name of the fourth ship was Gelderland, of bunlen about foure hundreth tuns. 4-
Master wherof was lohn Browne, factor or commis.sarie, Hans Hendrickson.

The lift was called Zeelanilia, of the the burden of three hundrcth & sixtic tuns. The
master w.-xs lohn Cornelison, the Commissary or factor N. Brewer.

The sixt ship named Utrecht of the burden of two hundreth & sixtie tuns,
was lohn Martsen, the Factor or commissary Adrian Veen.

The sciicnth a pinnas called Frisland, of burden about seucnty tuns. The Master lacob ?. FrUliirf,
Cornelison, the Factor Walter Willekens.

F 2 The

. OfUcthnJ.

5. Zeflindii.

The Master 6. Utrechu

■'7

» ■

!!■

8. OucrifttU.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

A true report of

Tliey meetc
with .1 shii) of
Z<lanJ.

Thf Islr of

Killing oi' the
Whalt.

AntKg.U.

How Icrp tlipir
brere culltinucd
|o«d.

The eighth a pinnas that had been in the former voiage called the Pidgeon, now
J OuerijsseJ, of the burden of fifty funs. The Master Symon lohnson. The Factor Arent
Hermanson.

Of this fleete was Gcnerall and Admirall Master lacob Neck. Viceadmirall Wybrand van
Warwick : and Rercadmirall lacob Hcemskerck.

With this fleet of ciuht ships we made saile from Texcll the first of May 1598. Sfilo Nouo,
being the 21. of Aprill, after the account of England, and sailed with good speed vnto the
Cabo do bona Speranza : as further shal appcare by a lournal annexed vnto the end of this
discourse.

Being past the Cape, the 7. and 8. of August, by a storme of weather fine ships were
separated from the Admirall, who afttTwardcs came together againe before Bantam.

The 2(). of August with three shippes wee came within the view of Madagascar, and the
2',). wee met with a ship of Zoeland, called the Long-barke, which had put to sea before vs,
and now kept alnofe from us, supposing we were enemies : but at length perceiuing by our
flagges what we were, thev sent their Pinnas aboord vs, reioycing greatly to haue met with
vs, because that diuers of their men were sickc, and ten were already dead : and they had
in all but seuen men aboord the shippc that were meat-wnole, and oleucn marriners to guide
the shippe. Wee agreed to relieuc them with some supplie of men : but through darke-
nesso and great winde wre lost them againe.

After this, we the Admiral >fauritius, the Hollandia, & the pinnas Ouerijssel kecpini;
together, came to the Island of Santa Maria, before the great l>ay of Antogil in .Mailag.nscar :
where wee got a small quantity of Rice. We tookc the King prisoner, who paide for Ill's
ransomc a Cow and a fat calfe.

In this Island we found no great commodity : for being the month of Sei)ieinl)or, tiie
season was not for any fruits: the Oranges had but flowers: Lemons were scant : of Sugar-
rancs and Hens there was some store, but tlic Inhabitants were not very forward in 'iringing
them out.

Hecre wee sawe the hunting of the Whale, (a strange pastime) cen.iine Indians in ;i
Canoa, or boate following a great Whale, and with a harping Iron, which tiicy cn-it forth,
piercing the whals body, which yron was fastned to a long rope made of tin- bnrkes of trees,
and so tied fast to their Canoa. All thi-* while pricking and wounding the Whale -o in'.uli a»
thev roiiKI, ihry made him furiously to striue too and fro, swiftly swimming in the sc;i,
plucking the canoa after him : sometimes tossing it vp and downe, as liijhilv as if it h;nl
boen a strawe. The Indians in the meane lime being cunning swimmers taking smull care
though they were cast ouerboord, iooke fast hold bv the boat stil, and so alter some roii-
liiuiance of tliis sport, the whale wearied and waxing faint, and staining the sea red with his
bloud, thev haled him toward the shore, and when thev hnd gotten him so neare sliorc on the
shai'lowc that the most part of him appeared aboue water, ihev <lrew him aland and hewed
him in picres, cuery one l.iking thereof what pleased iheni, which was to \s a strange sight.
It is reported that the Indians of Terra Florida vsc the like fishing for the Whale. Our men
might haue takiii some part thereof, but refused it : llie pieces liierecfwerc so like larde or
fit l):icon.

I'roin thence \sc made towanl the great Bay of .Ant'igill and ancored vndcr the Island,
whrro wee Iooke in fresh water.

Our Iiuliaiis that were brought from ihence b\ lluin <. I' the former \oiage (the names of
\shome were Madaga-car the one, a:id tlie other i.ainvme) wee olFercd l<i set there on land,
but ihcy refused, chiising rather to tarry with vs and lo be .ipparelled, then to go naked in
liieir owne c(uinlre\ : working and moyling for a miserable lining, op])(>sing their bare
skins In the vehenuncs of the sunne and weather: and their excuse was, that in thai place
thev were strangers and had none accpiainlance.

Our bfcre ccniinued good \nlill we were passed the Cape tie bona speranza : from tiience
we began to mingle it with water hauing a portion of wine allowed vs twi-^e a day, and this
allowance continued vnlill our relume into Holland.

:\r-

irue report of

id>j;eon, now
Factor Arent

Wy brand van

i. Stilo Noiio,
peed vnto the
ic end of thiii

c ships were
am.

scar, and the
sea before vs.
liuinjT by our
aiie met with
ind they had
iiiers to<;uidi>
iroiigh darkc-

jsscl keepinu
M;ula^ascar :
paide (or his

picrnhcr, the
It : of Siigar-
I in bringing

IiuliaiiN in ;t

y C3<t forth,

rkcfi of trees,

e so much as

^ in the sea,

as if it h;ul

g small care

r some roii-

rrd with his

shore on the

I and hewed

trange sight.

Onr men

ike larde or

r the Island,

:lie names of
re oil land,
[JO naked in
their bare
in that place

from tiience
lay, and this

a Voiat^c to laiia.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

\Vc went with ourboatcs vp the riuer seeking refreshing: but the Inhabitants gaue vs to
vnderstand by signes that wee might retnrne, for there was nothing to be had. Wee rowed
into the riuer about three leagues, and found their report to bee true. The cause was, that
the Kings made warrc there one against an other, and so all the victuals were in manner
desiroied, insomuch that the Inhabitants themselues many of them perished for hunger, and
in one of these battailes one of their Kings was lately slainc. Wherfore after fiue dales
abode and no longer, we departed, it in Gods name made to sea again, directing our
course the sixteenth of September for laua. About the ninteenlh of Nouember we came
within sight of Sumatra, and ihc ^(i. of the same moneth 1598. wee in the three shippes
aforesaid, to wit, the Mauritiu", our Admirall, the Ilollandia, and the Ouerissoll, arriued Thty miue at
l)efore the citty of Bantam in laiia. Presently vpon this our arriuall, our Vdmirall and ^''"""•
Generall Master lacob van Neck, sought with all friendship to traffique with the people of the
saide towne of Bantam, sending Master Cornclis Ilecmskerck on land to shew them what we
were, for they thought vs to be the very same men that had been there the yeare before, snd
al that while guarded the sea co.-.f, as bring assuredly persuaded that we were pirates and
sea rouers. But we, to make them vnderstand the contrary, sent on lande one Abdoll of
China, a captiue of theirs, whom we brought from them in our first voyage ; by whose meanes
we got audience and crcdite : and so we presented our gifts and presents to the King, which They prtstnt
was but a childe : and the ch'.cfe gouernour called Cephat, hauing the kingly authority, "^^^'^' ''^""'""'
most thankfully rcreiued tlie same in tiu' name of his King. The said presents were a faire
rouered cup of siliier and i;ilt, certaine veluets and clothes of silke, with -.ery fine drinking
glasses and excellent loiking glasses, and such other gifts more. Likewise we presented
our letters sealed very costly with the great scale of the noble 8e mighty lords the Estates
generall of the united Pr; uinces, and of Prince Mauritz, whonie they termed their Prince.
Which letters were by them rcceiued with great reuerence, creeping vpon their knees:
and (the same being well perused, read and examined) thev found thereby our honest intent
and determination for trallike : insmuuh that a nuituall league of friendship and alliance
was concluded, and we were freely li(ensed to trade and iraflike in such wise, that euen the Trajt Ucemtd.
fourth day I'f our arriual we began to lailc ; and within I'ourc or fiue weekes all our fourc
ships hauing taken in their fidl fraight, were ready to depart.

When our three shi|)|)es aforesaid had remained there welnigh a moncth, about
Newvears-tide arriued the other fiue shippes of our com|»any before mentioned in very good
manner, and well conditioned. And so our whole fleete of eight ships ioyfully i.iet together. The whole
and had none or very fewc sicke persons among them, hauing lost by death in the whole fleete »" me«b<rfore
but J."), men in all, of which numbersome p'M-ishcd tlirough their owne negligence. Vpon this
happy meeting wee displaied our (lags, streamers and ensignes after the brauest manner, ho-
nouring and grt'cling one another with volleies of sliot, making good cheere, and (which was no
smal" natter) growing mort- deeply in fauour with the townsmen of Bantam. Vnto vs were
daily brought aboord in Pr,;uwes or Iniliai\ boats great (piantity of hens, egs, Cocos, bonanos,
sugar-canes, cakes, maclLMifrice, and a cc ' i' e kinde of good drinke which is there made by the
men i.f China. Thus the (leople daily b.Mlercd with vs for pewter and other wares, giuing
so much victuals for a pewter s|)oone, as mi^ht well suflice one man for an whole weeke.
Wee inicked likewise hir diners other things as for porcellan dishes and such like, llow-
Init, that which our Indian Abdoll declared (namely, that more ships were commini> besides
the three aforesaid, and that others beside them also were sent out of Zeiand} little tended
to our C( nnuudiiN : for llureuimn the I mans icoke occasion to inhanse the price of their -,,j
pepper, ins iniuh that we were loncd to i>av lur .)."). pounds of pepper (irst three, and after- r<^n=""h!me<i.
ward (our Reals of eight : neitlnr did ihey ilemaund or call for auv thing so much as for the
said Keals of ei^ht. Mercery or haberdasliers wari-s were in no such request as money.

so we mjuH marueile

)\0 the Lilians should tell vs of more shi

ppes to come, making
tiignes with tleir fonre fingers nd thuinb, (hat foure Lyma (which word in their laiigu.age
^ignidoth shipper ) \veri loirmiii.;.

And here you are to Mideraland, that our Generall Master \ an Neck, together with the

commis-

i'l

^aJ i

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

A true report of

I !

1 1

Foure ships
laden.

from Iii'i the
I J. oflanuary
IJ99.

Suemolonkc a
notable mar-
chant of Ban-
tam.

The four other
■ihipl sent to the
Moluccas,

commi3.4aries or factors, thought good, bc-iidcs the three fors.iid ships that came first, to lade
one other, to wit, the greater pinnasse called Frislaiui, whereof was Master lacob Corneli-
son, and factor Walter Willekens. These foure ships hauiiig rectiucd their ful frai^ht, and
giuen notice on land of tiieir departure (to the end tiiat none of their creditours might bee
Their departure vnpaid ) and also hauiug well prouided themselucs of rice and water, departed the thirteenth
of lanuary ir)99. and saylcd to Sumatra, where they tooke in fresh water; for that the water
of Bantam first waxcth white, and afterward crnwieth full of magots.

Vpon the land of Sumatra we bartered kniues, spomu-s, looking-glasses, bcis, needles
and such like, for sundry fruits, t.> wit, melons, cucumbers, onions, garlikc, and pepper
though little in quantity, yet exceeding good.

Wc had to dealr with a notable Merchant of Bantam, named Sasemolonke, whose father
was a Castilian, which sold vs not much lesse then an hundrelh last of pepper. He was
most desirous to haue traueiled with vs into Holland : but misdoubting tiie dis|)leasure and
euil will of the king, and fearing least his goods might haue bin confiscated, he durst not
aduenture vpon the voiage.

Certaine daies before our departure from Bantam were the other foure shij)|)rs dispatched
to go for the Moluccas, and ouer them was appointed as Admirall and Gcncrall Master Wy-
brant van Warwicke in the shippc called Amsterdam, & Incob Heemskcrrk N'iceadmirail in
the shippc Gclderlaiid, the other two shippes in consort with tlicm being Zeland and Virecht
before mentioned.

These foure made saile towards the Moluccas, and pnrted from vs the 8. of lanuary in the
night, and in taking of our leaues both of vs together, made such a terrible thundering
noise with our ordinance, that the townscmcii were Vj) in alarme, viitill they knewc the rea-
son thereof. The people were glad of their departure, liaiiing some mistrust of vs, re-
maining there so strong with 8. ships. And they asked daily when wee should depart, making
great speed to help vs vnto our lading, and shewing themstlues most seruireable vnto vs.

The II. of lanuary ITiyi). we in the foure sliippes laden with pepper departed from Ban-
tam homeward. The 13. we arriucd at Sumatra. The ID. we sha|>ed our course directly for
Holland. The 3. of April we had sight of Capo de buo^.a esperan/a. 'fhe 8. of Aprill we
doubled the said Cape, proceeding on for the Isle of Saint Helena, whither we came the
twenty sixt of the same moncth, and there refreshed our selues for tlie space of eight daies.
In this Island wc found a church with certaine boothes or tents in if, and the image of
Saint Helena, as likewise a holy water fat, and a sprinkle to cast or sprinkle }j holy water :
but wc left all things in as good order as we found them.

Morenuer here we left behinde vs some remembrances in writing, in token of our being
there. At this place died of the bloudy flixe, the Pilot of our .\(lmirall Kees Collen ot
.Muniikendam, a worthy man, to our great gricfe.

This Island (as lohn lluighcii van I.inschotten tiesrrihtth ii} is replenished with manifold
commodities, as namely with s^oafes, wilde swine, Turkies. partriges. pidgenns, &c. But
by reason tiiat those which arriue there vse to discharge tlieir ordinance, and to hunt and
pursue the saide bcastes and fowlcs, they are now growen exceeding wilde and hard to be
come by. Certaine goates whereat we shoite fled vp (o the high elides, .so that it was iin-
pcissible to get them. Likewise fishes wee could not catch so nianv as wee needed ; but
wee tooke in frosh water enough to .serue vs till our arriu.ill in Holland.

Here we left on land .as a man banished out of our societv, one Peter Gisbrecht the m.as-
tcrs mate oi' the great pinna.sse, because hee had stroken the Master.

Very penitent hee was and sorie for his misdemcani.iir, and all of vs did our best ende-
uour to obtain his pardon : but (the orders and ordinances wherrunto our whole company
was sworne being read before \s) we were constrained to surcease our iin})nrtunate suit,
and he for the example of others to vndcrgo the seucre doonu- that wa- allotted him.

There was dcliuered •. tito him a certaine <]uantity of bread, oile, and riie, ^vilh hookcs
and instrumerits to fish withall, as also a hand gun ;md gunpmidcr.

Hereupon we bad him gen< rally farewell, besec( hing God to keepc and prescruc him

from

A mr.n Ul: on
l..riii Jt Sainl
Helena.

friie report of

; first, to lade
acnb Corncli-

I frai^ht, and
urs might bee
the thirlcentii
that the water

bcis, needica
, and pepper

whose father
per. He was
'.])leasurc and
he durst nut

ics dispatched

II Master Wy-
iceadmirall in
I and Vtrecht

anuary in the
;" thundering
icwc the rca-
ist ol" vs, re-
.'parl, maiving
e vntd vs.
cd from Uan-
e directly fr)r
of A prill wc
ve came the

ciglit dales,
he image of

holy water :

if our being
s Collcn oi

th manifold
I, Sic. But

lo hunt and
I hard to be
t it W.1S im-
) ceded ; but

(lit the mas-

r best ende-
le company
rtunatc suit,
hitn.
isith hookos

c-icrue hitn
from

rt Voiagc to lautt. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

from misfortunes, and hopinj; that at some one time or other he should finde deliuerancc;
for that all shippes sailing to the West Indies must there of necessity refresh themselues.

Not far from this place wc descried a saile which wee iudged to be some Frenchman, by
whom peradiienturc tlie saide banished party might bee deliuered.

The fourth of May we >et saile from Saint Helena, and the tenth of the same moneth wee
passed by the Isle of Ascension. The 17. day wee passed the line. The 21. we sawe the
Pole-stari-c. The 10. and II. of lunc wc had sight of the Canaries. About the Azores wee
stood in fcaie lo inccfc with some Spanish Armada, because our men were growcn faint and
feeble by reason of their long voingc. The 27. of lune we entered the Spanish sea. The
29. we found our seines to he in forlic foure degrees of northerly latitude. The 6. of luly
our Admiral! y Mauritius had two of his mastes blowne oiicrboord ; for which cause we were
constrained lo fowe him along. The 11. of Inly wee passed the Sorlings. The 13. we
saylcd I)v l\ilino\ith, Dartmouth, and the Qua.squels. The 11 . we passed by Doner. The
|y. meeting with some stormcs and rainy weather wc arrined at Texell in our owne natiue
coinitrey. wiilumt any ;^reat tnisCorlunc, sane that the Mauritius once stroke on ground.

Thus having attained to our wii hctl home, \<c g-.uie God thankes for this our so hajipy and
prosperous voiage : because there neuer arriued in Holland any ship|)es so richly laden.

Of pepper wc brought eight hundreth tunnes, of Clones two hundrcth, besides great
quantity of .M;ice, Nutinegs, Cinamom, and other princip:ill commodities. To conclude this
voiage was performed in one ye.irc, two inoiiethcs, and nineteene daics.

We were sailing oulwanl from Texell to Bantam seuen moncths, wc remained there si\c
weekcs to lake in our lading, and in six inonrth-< we returned from Bantam in laua to Hol-
land.

The performance of tliis long and dainigerous voiage in so short time we ascribed to Gods
(Icuinc & wonderfiiil [jrouidem e, luiiiing sailed at the least 8000. leagues, that is to sav,
twenty four thousand Kiiglish miles.

The iove of the safe arriuall of tliese '^hipi)cs in Holland was cxceediiig great : and postes
were dispaiched to eiicry principall towne and citfy to publish these acceptable newcs.

The merchants tiat were owner> of tnc e ships went straight toward Texell for the re-
freshing of their men, and for other ne( es.«arv considcr.itions. The Commissary or Factor
niaste. Cornells llccmskenk togdhLr \sith Cornells Knirk, hied them with ail speed to-
wari'es the Ksi:i!es generall and prince Nf.iurit/. his excellency, not onelv to carry the saidc
good newcs, but withal to present the letters of the King of laua importing nnituall alli-
ance, friemlshijj aiul free interiourse of trallike in con-iideration of their honourable, liberal,
and iiist dcilin-s : they brought gifts aKo from the saiil King of gre;it price and value.

The 27. of Inly tlx- Mauritius our Adnii-all together with the Ilollandia came before .\m-
sterdam : where they wire ioyfully -aluted witii the sound of eight trumpettes, with ban-
queting, with ringing ol" bcK, ar.d witli peales of ordinance, the Generall and other men of
command being hnmurably receiucil and welcomincd bv the cifty.

The inerch.itits tliat aducntured in these voyages being in nimiber sixeteene or seaucn-
teene (notwithsi.imling the foiire -hiijptN gone from laua to the Moluccas, as is before men-
tioneil) liaue sent this la-t spr (ig l.'>'.»'). fonre ships more to continue this their trafliquc so
haj)|)ely begun intending more.Mier the ne\t -pring to send a newc supplv of other ships.
And diners otiier .Marciia'Js ;ire likcvise determined to enter into the same action.

Of them that <lepnrteil from Zl l.md tiie-iC bring no newcs, otiierwisc then is aforcsaide.
Neither doe they report air. (ning of the two ncetes orrompanles, that went from Roter-
dam the last somm> r l.')!tS. sli.-.inii, their course for the >treites of Magellan.

Wee haue bef re .;;ade m.'Mi.c -i ol an Indian i .ilK-d Abdoll, which was brought from Ban-
tam in the (irsi voiage, and liad continued an whole winter or some eight nionethes at .-Vin-
sterdam in Iloliaiid

Where during tnat space (bei i;; a man of good obseruation and experience, and borne
about China'* lue was \.ell entrc. ii 1, ciierislied, and nun li m.ule of

This Abdoll \pon hi.s relurnc to laua being demanded concerning the state of the Ne-
therlands,

The tsle of As-

CCI),tOIk

The particular:!
of their rich
lading.

Friendly letter'.
aiij p'.csents
from the Kjjig
of lau.i.

-■V new supply of
tbllli- HiilLindiih
ships srnt this
List spimg 1 197.
to the East ill-,
dlPS.

All intrnt of the
nui chants ^f
.■Vinstcrtiani to
scuJ mort' ships
tlie next spring
i6cc.

!':

■ii'

The tehition of
AbJoU an In-

■ ! i

f .

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

j4 true report of

\, I

' i,-|

F. ' if

dim, concfrning tlicrlands, madc vnlo the principall men of Bant im a full declaration thereof, with all the
ihc NcUuiidiidi, rarities and sinnularities wliiih he hiicl there secne and ohscriicd.

Which albeit to the greatest pari of readers, who hauc trauailed those countries may
seemc nothing strange, and scarce worthy the relation : yet because the report was made
by so meere a stranger, i!i vith the lauans that heard it wrought so good effect, I thought
it not altogether impertinent here in this place to make rehearsall thereof

First therefore he toide them (to their great admiration in that hoat climate) That hec had
scene ab(nie a thousand sleds drawen, and great numbers of horsemen riding vpou the
fro/en water in winter time, and lh.it he had beheld more then two hundreth thousand peo-
ple traiiailing on fooie and on horseback vpoi\ the yce, as likewise that the said sleds were
bv horses drawen so swiftly, tliat thcv made more way in three houres than any man could
go on foote in tenne. And also that himsclfe for pleasure had bcene so drawen, the horses
being brauely adorned with bcN n;id cymbals.

Ilowbeit they would hardly be induced to beleeue that those countries should be so cx-
Ireamely colde, and the waters so mightely fro/en, as fo bcarc such an huge waight.

Hee tolde (hem moreoiirr. ihnf HolLirid wis ri fri-e roitiurry, and that eucrv man there
was his owne Master, and that there was not one slaue or capliiie in the whole land.

Moreouer, that the houses, in regardc of their beautifull and lofty building, resembled
stalely |)allaces, their inward rich furniture being altogether answerable to iheir outward
glorious shew.

Also, that the Churches (which he cilled Nfesf|iiitas) were of such bigiicssc .md ca|)acilv,
as they miglii recciiie the people of any prcly towne.

He artirmed likewise, tliat the Hollanders with the assistance of their confederates and
fncndes, maintained warres against the king of Spaine, whose mighty puissance is feared
and redoubted of all the potentates of r.uropa.

And albeit the said warrcs had continued aboue thirty yeares, yet that during all that
lime the sniile Hollanders increased both in might it wealth.

In like sort he informed them of the strange situation of Holland, as being a countrey
driuingxpon the water, the earth or ground whereof they \>e instecd of fewell, and thai
he had oil times warmed himsclfe, and had scene meat dressed with (ires made of the same
earth.

In bricfe, thai il was a watcrish and fenny <oinitrey, and full of riuers, (hands, and
dill lies, and that therein w.is an inninnerahh' nuiltiludc of boatesand small shippes, as like-
wise great store of tall and scruiceable ships, whcrwilh they sailed \nio all quarters of the
world, etc.

'lhi> man AlxUill wee foiuid to bee a capliue or sl.uic, and sawc there his wife and child-
ren in yery jxiore estate dwelling in a little cottage not so bigge as an hogsty : but by oure
mcancs he was made free and well rewarded.

Notwithstanding he did but euil recompence ys : for he was charged |o lie the cause why
pepper was solde dearer then ordinary \nto ys !)y a penny in the |)oiinde: lor hee told
tlicm tli.ii < criaine sliip|)es of /eland and of other places were comming ihitherwardes.

And here the reader is to yndcrstand, that some ioure inonelhs before the said three ships

arriucd at liantam, the rortngalcci came with an Armada of gallics ami fustes, being set

Tht putiiiti. foortli by the Viceroy of (ioa and the gouernour of Molucca, to intercept the Irallique of

jct'ih'"'t,.,d'!r ''"'''""'""'*■'■'* ^'"" those partes, and to make them loose all their c\pense>, labi>ur. and

f'c Huiiiudtr!. lime wliioli they had be«towcd : and also that their great and rich j)resenies which ihey uaue

ynio the I.nians the yeare before, to bring them into \ Iter detestation of the Hollanden>,

might not be altogether in vainc.

The (iencr.ill ol them that came from fioa was Don Luis, and of those that came from
\fohirca Don I'.mainiell ; \ilio brought their Armada before Rantam, intending to surpri/e
the (iit\, \ndcr pretence that llu- same preparation was made to resi>l ecnaiiie pirates that
• .line thither out of IhlLuul the last yeare, and were determined this vi'.ire aUo to come
Jgainc. \ iidcr these colours they sought to lake the towiie and to lorli/ie the same, &

thev

tie report of
with all the

intrics may
rt was made
t, I thought

rhat hcc had
g vpon the
niisand pco-
;l sU'ds wcrp
man roiild
, (he horses

d be 80 ex-
;ht.

man then*
lul.

:, resembled
eir outward

nd enpacitv,

-derates and
ice is feared

ing all thai

a fdiintrey
II, and th^ic
ol' the same

hanels, and
as likc-
rter* of the

and ehild-
but by oil re

raiise why
ir hec told
arden.
three ships

being set
iradique of
labour, and

thev i;auc
Hollanders,

came from
to Mir|)ri/.c
pirates that
.0 (o come
e same, Sc
thev

a Voiage to laua. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. it

they built certaine sconces in the countrey, committing great cutrdges, rauishing the Wo-
men, with many other viilanics. Hereupon the towhsemen of Bantam very secretly pro-
iiided certaine gallies and fustes in great hast, and sodainly assailed the Portugalcs before
they were well aware of them : for which cause finding but sit»aU resistance, they tooke 3.
rortu^ale gallies with certaine shippes, and slewe about 300. of them, taking 160 Portu-ThePoituiiU
gales "prisoners of which we daily saw some going vp & down'; the strcetes of Bantam """'""'"'*•
like slaucs and captiucs. Besides these they tooke about 900. galli-slaues prisoners.

Vpon this hard succcase the rest of the Portugals bctooke themselues to flight : but whi-
ther they bee arriucd at Goa or Molucca, or what is become of them since, we are not able
to auoiich. The foresaid attempt and ouerthrowe, bred greater enmity betweenc the Por-
tugales and them of Bantam, and gauc an cspcciall occasion for the aduancement of our
tranique.

The fine ships (whereof we hauc before signified that foure were dispatched by the wh'.Ie JJ'f""/'' ,
eompatiie for the Moluccas) being seuercd beyonde the Cape of Buona Spcranza froM the siup'stoi.kei'ft.r
other three of their company, and hauing quite lost them, came all of them shortly ^f""*" Jj,7afromE
vndcr an Island called (as it is thought) by the Portugals Isola de Don Ga lopes : but they thrtfcomorts
named it the Island of Mauritius, llcre they entered into an hauen, calling the same War- of^buoMMpT
wicke, after the name of their Vicendmirall, wherin they found very good harborow in Mnu.
twenty deurees of southerly latitude.

This Island bein^j situate to the Hast of Madagascar, and containing .is much in compasse The iiit of
as all Holland, is a very high, goodly and pleasant land, full of green & fruitfull vallies, and ,cribed.
replenished with Palmito-trees, from the which droppeth holesumc wine. Likewise here are
verv many trees of right Ebenwood as black as ict, and as smooth & bard as the very *''"""'°" '"^
luory : and the quantity of this wood is so exceeding, that many ships may be laden here- '"*""
with.

For to sailc into this hauen you must bring the two highest mountainesone ouer the other,
leaning sixe small Islands on your right hand, and so you may enter in vpon 30. fadomes of
water. 1 ying \Vin the bay, they liad 10. 12. & \-i. fadoms. On their left had was a
litle Island which they named Ilemskerk Island, and the bay it sclfc they called Warwick
bav, .IS is before mentioned. Here they faried 12. daies to refresh themselues, finding in
this place great t|uan(ily of fotiles twi.se as bigge as swnns, which they called Walghstocks
or Wallowbirdes being very good meat. But finding aim) aboundanee of pidgeons & po-
piniayes, they disdained any more to eat of those great foules, calling them (as before)
Wallowbirds, that is to .say, lothsome or fulsome birdcs.

Of the said Pidgeons and Popiniayes they found great plenty being verv fat and good
meatc, which they could easily take and kil euen with little stickes: so tame thev are by
reason j' the Isle is not inhabited, neither be the liuinj; creatures therein accustomed to
the sight of men.

Here they found ranens also, and such abundance of fiish, that two men were able to catch
enough for all line shi|)s.

Tortoises they f<ninde so hu^'c, that tcnne men might sit and dine in one of their shelles, Hujt Tonoises.
and <ineof them would creepe away, while two men stood vpon the backe theret)f.

Here was fonnde wa\e also whiter then any of ours, lying about the strande, bleached
',is it i-- like) by the simne: and in some of this waxe there were Ar.-ibian letters or characters
printed : wherby it is probable, that some Arabian ship might bee cast away thereabout,
.nil of whit!) the said \va\c might be driuen on land.

They found likewise Corall on this land, and many trees whi(h we call Palmitos, wliercout f^'""
ilroppeth wine .n> out of the Coco-tree: which wine being kept hath his operation as our *''''""•
.It w prest wine, but alter some lime it commeth vnto the ful vertue and perfection.

The said Palmitos tliey esteemed to bee a kinde of wilde date-trees.

We sou<;ht all the Island ouer for men, but could find none, for that it was wholly dcstilutc
of Inhabitants

Vpon this Ibland we built an house with a pulpit therein, and left behind vs certaine
♦Vol. V y wiitintj-

Vi^i

Ill ■!

) s

! 4

i m

ill «■

(if* ,

A {ood waiciini
place.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

A true report of

writings as a token and remembrance of our being there, and vpon the pulpit we left a Bible
and a psialter lying.

Thua after 12 daien aboad at this hiand, being well rcfrenhed, they toolte in excellent fresh
water being eawie to get, and very sweet and saiinry to driiilce, and then set saile, meeting
the three other shipx their consorts at the time and place before mentioned.

A bricfc description of the voiage before handled, in manner of a lournall.

MAIK.

THc first of Nfaie If>OS with the eight shippes before mentioned, we set saile in the name
of Cii'd from Tcxcli in Hollnnd.

The third of May we j),;ssr(l nlong the roast of England, descrying some of her Maiesties
lihips, :ind they vs, whom we honoured with discharge of our .artillery.

The fourteenth, we had sight of the Isle of Porto Santo lying in thirty two degrees.

The sixteenth, wee c.ime within sight of the Canaries.

The twenty two, we lirst saw flying fishes.

The twenty three, we pass.-d by the Isk' Dell Sail.

The thirty one, we h;iJ a j^rcat stormc, so that we lost sight one of another: but by niglit
we came together againe.

IVNE.

THe eighth of June wee crossed the Fquinocliall line.

The twciitv fourc wee saylcd by tlit sholdes of Brasile lying vnder eightecnc degrees <>r
Southerly Latitude.

IVI.IE.

THr twenty one of luly we got to the height of the Cape of buona wperanza.
From the thirlith of lulv till the second of August, we continually saylcd in sight of the
land of the foresaid C.ipe.

AVGUST.

THe seuenth and eighth of August wee h.id Muh foule and stormy weather, that fiue ships
of our comp.iny were separated from \^ ^4llom we saw no more vntill ihey came to vs
before Bant;im.

The twenty sixt we deserved the Islnnd of M.id.ignsr.ir.

The twenty nine came by us the ship called the Loni; barke of Zeland, hatiing in her
but nine sound men, tenne dead, and the rest all sicke : Lut the same night we lost the sight
of her againe.

SEPTE.MnEll.

THe scanenth of September, we came before the Island of .Santa Maria, and afterward-wee
put into the great bay of Antogill.

The sixteenth of September, wee set saile from thence, directing our course for laua.

OCTOBER.

THe first of October, wee got to the heighth of Bantam.
The fifteenth, died the first man in our Admirall.

NOVEMBER.

THe nineteenth of Nouember, we came xvithin sight of Sumatra.

The twenty ninth, wee road before the citfy of Bantam : And the thirtith, we payed our
ioll to the gouernour.

ANd

'ue report of
left a Bible

xellent fresth
ile, meeting

lall.

in the name
lirr Maicsticit

n'Voiagf. to laun.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.
lANVARIE.

but by niglit

c degrees <>f

sigiu of tho

hat fine ships
' came In vs

tailing ill her
lost the sight

ifter\»ard-wee
; for laua.

ANd vpon Ncwycarcs daic 1599. Stilo Noiio, wc began to take in our lading.

Then came vntovsberorc Bantam, with great ioic and triumph, our fiue separated shippc*.
;ill ihe people standing vpon the shore gazing, and suspecting some harme intended against
fliem.

The eighth of lanuary, fourc of the said 5. newcome 8hippes(God send them a prosperous
voyage) set saile toward the Moluccas.

Mnreoiier our foiire shippes being well and richly laden at Bantam made saile homewarde
tlic elcucnfh of lanuary, and the thirteenth, wee were shot as farre as the Isles of Sumatra.

The nineteenth, wc proceeded thence on our voiage, and the same day, to the great griefc
of vs ail died the Pilot of our Adwirall.

APRILL.

THe third of Aprill, we descried the land of Capo dc buona espcranza.

Tlie eighth, wee doubled the same Cape, thence shaping our course for the Island of Saint
Helena, wlierc the twenty sixt we happily arriued,and departed from thence vpon the fourth
of Maie.

MAIE.

TIIc tenlli of Maie. wee sailed by the Isle of Ascension.
The seaiientccnth, wc passed the Eqiiinoctiall line.
The twenty one, wc saw the North starre.

IVNE.

THe ninth and tenth of lune, we h.id sight of the Canaries.
The twenty scauen, wee sayled vpon the Spanish Sea.
The twenty nine, we were in fortie four degrees.

IVLIE.

Tile fourth of luly, we saw behind vs two sailcs, one before the other, which were the
first that we had scene of a long time.

The .sixt of luly our .Admiral! had both his forcma.st and maine-mast blowne ouer boord.

The cicucnth, wc passed the Sorlings, the thirteenth, Falmouth, Plimmouth and the
Qu.isquets.

The seauentcenth, we rame before Doner.

The nineteenth, woe had fmile and stormy weather, at what time by Gods good blessing
wee .irriued in our naliue countrey at Texell in Holland, hauing performed in the short space
of one yeare, two moncths and ninetecne daies, almost as long a voiage, as if we should haue
r()mp.is.scd the globe of the earth, and bringing home with vs our full fraight of rich and
gninfiill .Marchandi/.e.

vc payed our

FINIS.

ANd

G 9

t«

I V

i.t.i .■■

•* I

DET

WH
P

N0\

ANI

. t

NEWES

EAST INDIES:

OR A

VOYAGE TO BENGALLA,

ONE OF THE GREATEST KINODOMES INDEU TlIE HIGH AND INHGHTY PRINCE

I'EDESHA SJIASSAI.LEM,

USVALLV I AUEn

THE GRK4T MOGULL,

STATE AND MAGNIFICENCE OF THE COURT OF MALCANDY, KEPT BY THE NABOB
VICEROY, OR VICE-KING UNDER THE AIOJIESAYD MONARCH :

ALSO THEIH

DETESTABLE RELIGION, MAD AND FOPPISH RITES, AND CEREMONIES, AND WICKED
SACRIFICES AND IMPIOUS CUSTOMES USED IN THOSE PARIS.

WRITTEN BY WILLIAM BRUTON

NOW RESIDENT IN THE PARISH OF S. SAVIOURS SOUTIIWARK,

WHO WAS AN EYE AND BARE WITNESSE OF THESE FOLLOWING DESCRIPTIONS; AND
PUBUSHED AS HE COLLECTED THEM BEING RESIDENT THERE DIVERS VEARES:

NOW LATELY COME HOME IN THE GOOD SHIP CALLED THE IIOPEWEL OF LONDON.

WITH

DIVERS MERCHANTS OF GOOD ACCOUNT

«Rin

AMI ABLE TO TtSTiril Till MMC CUR THL'IH.

IMPRINTED AT LONDON BY I. OKES,

AND ARE TO BE SOLD BY HVMPHEREY BU'NDEN AT HIS SHOP IN CORNEHILt AT PHK SIOSF. OF THE
CASTLE NEERE THE ROYALl KXCHANGE 16J8.

I 1

1.1

Hi '

'i 't

' ^ v%^;

UAllE AND MOST STIlANGi: RELAHON

FROM

BENGALLA IN THE EAST INDIES,

BCINfl

OSK OF THE aKFJTEST KINriDO.VF.S I'SDKR THE (JIIF.IT MOGVl.L.

AND

OF TIIF.IU I.AVVES, MANNIiRS. AND CUSTOMKS &c.

AL»houj»h diucr* learned, paincrull, and skilfiill Mathematicians and Geographers hauc
with ^rcat induiitry opcnt much profitable Time, in finding out tltc circumference uf the
Terrestrial (ilobe, in describing Empires, Kingdomes Principalities, Lordships, Regions,
I'rouinccs, Territories, Variations of Climates & Stituations, with the diucrsities of Dispo*
Rifions, of Tongues Religions, Habits, Manners, Lawes, and rustunies of sundry Nations:
Though much labour, pcrill, and Cost hath beene worthily implii\ M by IMiny the Second,
Ortellius, lodoco Ilondius; or (to come nearer) to our Uiiplish Worthies, such as arc de-
scribed in the Booke of Ilacklewicks Voyages, namely, Windham, Chancelour, Cirinvill
Willoubv, Drake, Cauendish, Gilbert, Chidly, Fmbusher, Clirt'ord, Sidney, Dcuoreux, Wing-
field ; as also the excee<ling paines taken by Mr. Sjinurl Purchase, and the Learned and
Renowned Knight Sir Walter Rawlcigh in their de^triptiims of the whole World, not for-
getting the perilN that Mr. Sands passed in his ivNlious Trauells, with his exact Relatione
and Descriptions: With Atlas new Imprinted (4 rare Worke) and lastly, William Lithgow
deserucs a kind Remembrance of his ninetet no \ ceres sore and dangerous Trauells of his
fectc & pen, worthy your obseruation and Heading.

But all these Authors and Actors both of History and Traiiell, did neuer discouerall, but
still (out of their plentifull Haruests of Oh^iTuations) they left some Gleanings for those
that came after ihein to gather. For the manifestation whereof in this following discourse,
I haue tyed and bound mysclfc to speake oncly Truth, though it secine incredulous or H\-
perbolicall ; and if I should any way sway or stray from the Truth, there are liuiiig men ol
good Fame, Worth and Estimation, who are able iSt ready to di»proue me.

Therefore briefly to the mattci m hand ; I William Hruton was shipp'd as a Quartermaster,
from the Port of London, to seruc in the good Ship called the Hope-well, of the Ihirthen
of y40 Tunncs. To relate our long iSi tedious passage by Sea, and cur arriuall at euery Port

and

i ■}

' 1

";'l

fn\

• !»

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Newcsfrom the East Indies:

and Haiien were but litllo to the purpose, & would more tire than drlight my Reader : There-
fore to begin, that after my Arriiiall in those parts, tt in my scruices and passages there fore
the space of 7 yccres, I obserucd many things, and put them in writing; but afterwards
I came to know that the same things had beenc discouer'd and described formerly by more
sufficient & able men of Capacity than my selfe, I thought good to keep them to my selfc,
and discouer nothing but that which before was not so fully or scarce kiiowne as I shall now

decvpher them. . , ^

The 22. of March, l(i.^2. I being in the Countrey of Cormandcll with sixc Englishmen
more at a place called Afassalupatam, (a great Towne of Merchandize) Nfastcr lolin Noris,
the Agent there, was resolucd to send two Merchants into Bengalla, for the scllling of a
Factory there, and these sixe Englishmen (of the which I was one) were to goc with the
Merchants, and withall to carry a present from the Agent to the Nabob, (or King) of that
Countrev, to obtainc tlie Promises that formerly hee had granted to the English for TralHck,
<^ to be Custome free in those of his Dominions and Ports. Wherefore a Iiinkc was hired
at Massalupatam to be our Conuoy ; the said lunke did belong vnto those parts \- the Names
of the Englishmen that were appointed for that Voyage, were Mr. Ralph C"artwri;;lit .Nfer-
f liaiif, Mr. Thomas Collev second, William Briiton, lohn Dobson, Edward IVtelbrcI, loiin
Hassley, I»hn Ward, & Willi.im Withall.

Though we hirctl the aforesaid lunkc, March 2*i. yet it w.is the 6. of Aprill following before
ue could be fitted to depart from M.issalupatam. and in much various Weather wiih many
(linicultics and dangers, (which to relate here, would be tedious & impertinent to my intended
tliscoursc) the 21. of Aprill, being then Easter-<lay, we were at Anchor in a Bay before u
Towne called Ilarssapoore : It is a place of good strength, with whom our Merchants doe hold
commerce with correspondency. This 21. day in tlic morning, Mr. Ralph Cartwright sent
the Moneys a shore to the (foucrnour of Ilarssapoore, to take it into his safe keeping &
protection fill such time as he came a shore himselfe. So presently there came a Portugall
Friggat fiercely in hostility towards ys, but we made ready for their entertainment, fi lilted
oursclues ^: the Vessel for our best defences: but at last they steered oil" from lis, & vpoii
our command shce came to an Anchor somewhat neare vs, & the Mxsier of her came abooni
of vs, who being examined whence he came. A: whither he was bound to which demands he
aniwer'd nothing worthy of belcefe, as the se(piel shewed ; for hee seem'd a friendly Trader,
but wa* indeed a false Inuader, (where opportunity and |)o»er might heipe and preuailc)
for oil the 22. day Mr. Cartwright went a shore to the Goucmour of Ilarssapoore, it on the
'^4. day the said Master of the Frigat (with the As.sistance of some of the ribble rabble
Hascalls of the Towne) did set ypon Mr. Cartwright and Mr. Colley, where our men (being
oprest by multitudes) had like to haue beene all slaine or spoyld, but that (Lucklip) the
Rogger (or Viie King there) rescued them with 200. men.

In tills fray Mr. Colley was ■.ore hurt in one of his hands, and one of our men much wounded
ill the Icgge and head ; their NWkado or India Pilot was sfabM in the (Jroyne twice, and
much mischiefe was done, iSc more pretended, but by Gods hcipe all was pacified.

The 27. of A|)ril we three looke leaue of the Gouernour, and Towne of Hajwarpoore. (I
meane three of vs) namely, Mr. Cartwright, William Bruton, and lohn Dobson; leaning
Mr. Colley &- the other foure men with him, till newes could be sent backe to them from
the Nabobs Court, at Ciittckc or Malcander, of our succe«se and proceedings there with our
other goinU, for he is no wise .Merch.mf, that ventures too much in one bottome, or that is
too crcdiilaus to trust Mahomclanes or Infidels.

And hauiiig laden our hinall Boats with the goods (which were Gold, .Siluer, Cloth and
Spices, of which Spices those parts of India, are wan'iiig, and they almost are as deare there
as in England) we passed some two Leagues and halfe by Water, i<t after that, the said goods
was carried by land in Carts, till wee came to a great Towne called Balkkada, but it was more
than three hourcs alter Sunnc-setling, or late before we came thither.

The 28. of April in the morning, the CJoiiernour of this Towne came & saluted our Mer-
thnnt, in promikcd him that whatsocucr was in his power to doc him any friendly courtesie,

•iJL

^Vv^^I

.'»:

East Indie*:

!adcr: There-
gc9 there fore
ut afterwards
lerly by more
I to my sclfc,
IS I shall now

! Englishmen
r lolin Norisi,
setlliiiR of a
ROC with the
Ciiig) of that
1 for Traftick,
ike was hired
i!v: I ho Names
wrii;ht iNfer-
ctcford, lolin

owing before
' wiili many
my intended
iay before u
ints doc hold
twright sent
' keeping &
[• a Porliigall
cut, & lilted
lis, & vpon
lamc aboonl
demands he
ndly Trader,
id preuaile)
e, A on the
ibble rabble
Tien (being
ucklip) the

ch wounded
twice, and
(I.

arpoore, (I
in ; leaning
(hem from
re with our
", or that is

f'loth and
deare there

said goods
It was more

d our Nfer-

courtcsic,

or a Voijage to Bengalla. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

he should command it ; and indeed he was eucry way as good as his word ; for hee lent vs
Horses to ride on, and Cowiers (whicli arc Porters) to carry our goods, for at this Towne
the Carts did leaue vs, & our goods were carried on Mens shoulders : then we set f-rwards,
being accompanied by the Goucrnour, with his Musicke, which were Shalmes, & Pipes of
sundry formes, much after the formes of Waits or Hoboyes, on which (hey play most deli-
cately out of Tune, Time & Measure. In this manner the Gouernour, with a groat number
of People did bring vs about halfe an English Mile out of the Towne, where he courteously
tooke his Icaue of vs, but yet he sent his seruants with vs as guides, & that they might
bring his Horses back to him that he lent vnto vs.

This towne of Balkkada, is a strong &' spacious thing, very populous : There are many
Weaucrs in it, & it yeeldeth mucii of that ("ountrcy fnshion Cli>a(h. This day, about the
hourcs of bctweene eleuen it twel;;c of the Clocke it was so exircanie hot that wo could not
trauell, & the winde did blow with such a souitcring scalding heat, as if it had come forth
of an Ouen or Furnace, such a suftocalii'g fume, did I neuer fcele before or since ; and here
we were forced to stay ncare throe hourcs, till the Suiine was declined, we hauing happily
got vnder (he shadotv of the l)ranches of a i^reat Tree all that time. Then we set forward
ibr the Towne of Harharrapoore : which in the space of two houres, or a little more, wee
drew ncare vnto". so we stay'd awhile till our carriages were come vp together vnto vs;
which (lone, there met vs a man, who told vs that his Master staid our comming, then we
speedily prepared onr^elues for the meeting of so high csteem'd a person: & when we came
to the Townes end, there did meet vs at a great Pogodo or Pagod, which is a famous &
sumptuous Temple (or ("hurch) fur their Kloiatrous seruice & worship there vscd, & iust
again>t (hat stately & magnificent building, wc were entertained & welcomed by one of the
Kings greatest Noblemen, & his most deare and chiefest fauourite, who had a Letter from
(lie King his Master, & was sent from him to meete vs & conduct vs to his Court. The
Noble mans name was Mersymomeine. He did rereiue vs very kindly, & made vs a very
I'leat feast c r cosily eolation before supper, which being done we departed for our Sirrav,
(or Inne) where we lay all night with our goods: but Mersymomeine staid with his followers
& seruants in his & their tents at the I'agod.

The 'iy. (lav of April wee staid at Harharrapoore, & visited this great man, but the great-
C'it cause of our st.iying, was by reason that the Nockador (or Pilot) of the Frigget, whose
men did all'ront & hurt some of our men at Harssapoore, for which cause the Frigget was
'.laid there N: the Pilot of her came to this great man, thinking by gifts to cleare his Vcssell.
the which he th< light to make prise of) hut he would not be allured bv such rewards or
promises ; but told him that lie mii-t appcare before the Nabob, & seeke to cleare him •
selfe there.

The .'{0. of .\pril we set forwartl in tiie Morning for the City of Coteke (it is a City of
sewen miles in compasse, & it siandeth a mile from Malcandv, where the Court is kept) but
.Master Carrwiight slaide behiiule, A: came after vs, accompanyed with the said Noble man :
We went all (ho day on uur ioiiriiey till the Sun went downe, & then we staid for our Mer-
. I)an(, being eight Knj;li*!i Miles from Cololvo, iV about tweliie or one of clocke at night
they came wheie wee were : so we hasted & suddainly got all our thini;-' in rcadinesse, &
went along wiih them, & :(bout the lime of three or foure of clocke in the Morning we came
to the house of ihis .Mersymomeine at Coteke, being May dav.

Here we were vory well entertained & had great \ariely of sundry sorts of meates, drinks,
K fruits, such as the Countrey yeeids, eiien w hat we could or would desire fitting for our vse.
.\bout eight of the Cim ke Mersymomeine went to the Court, iS: m.ide know'ie to the King,
that the English .Mcri haiit wa" tome lo his hou-;e, then liie King caused a great banquet to
be speedily prepared. \ lo bee sent to the house of Mersvmomeinc, which banquet was
very good & costly. Then, about three or foure of the clocke in ihe afternoone, wee were
sent for to the Court of M.ilcandy, which is imt hallo a mile from Coteke. The magniliceiue
of which Court, wiih the sfatelv structure & situation of the place, as well as my weake Ap-
prciiension can enable, I describe as followelh.

VOL, \. H The

S *>;

kit

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Naves frovi the East-Indies :

The Court of Malcandi in Bengalla.

(JOiug from the house of Mersymomcinc, we pa<ssed oucr a long stone Cawscy, of some
two foote in breadth, & at the end thereof we entred in at a great gate, & being conducted
along further, we came into a Bussar, or very fairc Market place, whore was sold a great
number of all sorts of Fruits, Ilcarbcs, Flesh, Fish, Fowle, Rice, & such like ncedfiill
commodities & necessaries as the Countrey yeeJdcd, (which is very fertile.) Hauing passed
this place, we did enter in at a second gate, where was a guard of some fifty armed
men, & so we came into a place all paued with great stones, or as it may fitter be called, a
tiiire & spacious streets, where Merchants seated on both sides the way, were buying &
selling all kind of their own and forraigne wares & merchandizes that was very rich and
cosily.

I'assing this place we entred in at a third Gate, where was another Gnani of one hundred
men armed : By this gate was a great Pogodo or Pagod, v^hich ioyncd to the Southermost
part of the King's house. In this streetc there were houses but one side of the way, for
on that side that the King's house was on, there was no other House but that. Then we came
to a fourth Gate, which was very spacious & high, & had two lofty stories one aboue the
other, & vpheld by mighty Pillars of gray Marble, most curiously caru'd & polish'd : At
this Gate was a great guard of 150. Men or more, all armed.

Going thnuigh this Gate, we entred into a very great liroad place or sfrcefe, (much of
the bre.idth of the streetc bctweene Charing Crosse & White-Hall or broader, & no dwell-
ing in it ; here we passed the wall of the King's House, or Palace, till wc came to the
Court Gate.

Ill this broad street are oucry day I (KH). Horses in rradinessc for the Kings vse ; (for he
hath alwaiesyOOO. at an hoiires warnini:, in the two Towiirs of Cotcke &: Malcandy ; whereof
1000. alwaics waiteth at the King's Gate, «!t ><> by turncs doc nil the rest attend as their places
& seruicos require.

Oucr nffainst the Gate of the House is a very great house of Timber, whose Chambers arc
in.ide with Galleries, built & supported with great .\rches to vphold the Hoofe : Ii ihese
Galleries there were men that played on .ill kind of loud Instnmients, oiiery morn n ' "v
l)c;iaiinr to play at foure o( ihcClocke, <.^- naue oucr at eight.

Oil the North side of the Crate is a small Tower, builded with two hollow Arches, v\ •■ ...
.irc placed two mighty Images of stone, with great Pipes of Iron placed in their breas,-. <>:
l)\ dciiiics in the lower roomes, thev doe make lire & water to (lash & spout out of those
Pipes nn I'esfuall dayrs. On the .South side of the Gate there standeth a great Flephanf,
;irtilKi:iliv wrinight of grav Marble, but for what vse I know not.

At the e iianie into the Pallacc Gate, we passed through a (iuard of 150. men armed, the
I'ili.ir^ witliiii were all of gray Marble, earned three stciies one aboue the other. The out-
ward Court was paued all with rough hewne .Marble. On the South side of the Pallace were
houses wherein were men, cunning wcrkers in rich worke>i, imploycd onely for the King's
vse and scruire.

On the North ^idc (in the Pall.ice) a faire fabric k builded, wherein was erected two stately
I'oiubcs, who were tounded by one Backarcaune, — he was Nabob, & prederessour to this
Nabiih u. w ^cuerning : I'v: at thi; I'^ast end of the Pallace there was a faire place made and
pau (I >\ith broad >;rav .Marble, \. nirion>ly railwl about, the Kayles being foure foote &
h.iltc lii^h from the- ground, 5: a very faire Ta''ke, which is a square pit paued with gray
.M.irhle, with a Pipe in t' e .Midst of it, whose wafer descended bctweene two Walls, with the
I'urnu"? ol Vi-lus ol" sundry sorts, earned in stone very artificially, as if they had becne swim-
ming or u'li'liiig up tin- W'.ill against the streame.

At this l-.isi ( ,ul ilicre wa i also a second (iaii- where was a guard of lOO. men armed ; here
stood also men that did kj-cpe the time of th< d'v by obseruations of measures of Water, in
this manner following: First they t.ikc a greac ! )t of Water of the quantity of three (Jallons,
•V jjutiing ihenin a little pot of somewhat more than halfe a pinte (this lesser pot hauing a

small

or a

East-Indies :

sey, of some
n<; conducted
s sold a great
like ncedfiill
iauing passed
e fifty armed
r be called, a
re buying &
very rich and

one hundred
Southermo-it
the way, for
rhen we came
le aboue the
polish'd : At

■tc, (much of
& no d well-
came to the

i vse ; (for he
i)dy ; whereof
IS their places

Chambers arc
ife : Ii il-ese
morn. II" i-v

hf, 'A

ir breas.'. tc
out of tliose
at FIcphant,

•n armed, ihe
The out-
I'allace were
ir the King's

•d two stately

ssour to ll»i-<
MKide and

ure foolc iS;

ed with gray
alls, with the
bcene swim-

arnud ; here
1)1" Water, in
hrec (iailons,
i>()t hauing a
small

or a Voyage to Bengalla. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

small hole in the bottomc of it) the water issuing into it, hauing filled it, then they strike
on a great plate of brasse, or very fine metal, which stroak makclh a very great sound, this
stroak or parcell of time they call a Goome, the small being full they call a Gree, 8 Grecs
make a Par, which Par is three houres by our accompt.

They likewise do begin the day at the houre of sixe in the morning, & it h ended with
them at sixe at night : here we entred into the second Pallace, which had in the midst there-
of a faire & sumptuous Theatre built & about it was made small bankes, whereon were
planted great varieties of fruits & flowers, very sweete to the sent, & pleasing to the sight;
this place was also curiously railed in round; Then we entred into a narrow passage betweene
two high stone Walls, where there was another Guard of 250. men armed : This passage
brought vs to a third Gate, wherein wee entred into a third Pallace or pleasant prospect, for

in the midst of it there was a very faire paiiement of Marble, square, of the largenesse

of yardes euery way, & railed some three foot & a halfe higher then the ground, that

was on the out-sides of it : it was likewise delicately rayled about. & in the midst of it there
was an ascent of foure steps high, & all the roomes in it were spread or ouer-Iaid on the
floore with rich Carpets exceeding costly.

The space betweene the outward Railcs & these Roomes was about 30. footv:, & the length
80. foote on the one side, but on the other side was a faire Tanke of water.

This place they called Ihe Derbar (or place of Counceli, where Law & lustice was admi-
nistred according to the custome of the Countrey, & it was likewise adorned & beautified
with very pleasant Trees and Flowers, & Rankes about them with Gutters betweene the
Rankes, in which Gutters water passed fur the cooling & watering of them, & the water
proccedc<l from the Tanke afore-mentioned. Here we stay'd the space of some two houres
(or there abouts) looking vp & downe, & being looked vpon by Souldiers, & such fashioned
Gentlemen as the Court yeelded, ( for there '"cre more than 100. men armed, which were
of the Nabobs, or Kings Priuie Guard ). At last the word r "ne forth that the King was com-
niing : then they hasted and ouer-Iaid the great large pauement with rich Carpets, & placed
in the midst against the Railcs, one fairer & richer Carpet than the rest, wrought in Ben-
galla-workc : They likewise placed a great round pillow of red veluet on this Carpet ; they
placed also sixe small Pillars of Gold on the ends & sides of the rich Carpet, to hold it fast,
or presse it to the ground, lest it should be raised with the Winde. They also placed vpon
the Railcs a Pannel of Veluet to leane on: At the last his Maiesty came accompanied with
the number of 40. or 50. of his Courtiers, the most i)art of them were very graue men to
see to : Also the Nabobs owne brother (a comely Personage) did beare the Sword before
him. Then the Noble-man (Mersimomein) presented our Merchant (Mr. Ralph Cartwright)
to the King, who did obedience to him, & the King %ery afl'ably bended forward (in manner
of a Curtsie or respect ) and withal leaned his Armes on two mens shoulders, & slipped off
his .Saufiall from his foote (lor he was bare-legged) and presented his foot to our Merchant
to kissc, which hce twice did refuse to doe, but at the last hee was faine to doe it: then the
King safe doune, & caused our Merchant to be placed by his Brother : His Counsell sate all
along by the foot-pace of the Roomes before mentioned, his brother & his Fauorites sate
thwart the place or pauement, euery one sifting in the fashion of a Taylor crosse-legg'd.

The Assembly being set, our Present was presented to the King, which was some twenty
pounds of Cloues, twenty pounds of Mace, twenty pounds of Nutmegs, two Bolts of Da-
niaske, halfe a Rale, or fourtecne yards of Stammell-cloath, one faire Looking glasse, whose
frame was ouilded, one fowling piece with two locks, & one double Pi.,.wil ; this was the
present which the King receiu'd with much acceptation & content, & withall demanded the
cause of our comming & our request : To whom our Merchant answered, that he was come
lo desire his Maiesties fauour & Licence for free Trade in his Countrey, & not to pay any
lunkan (or Custome). At this request he seem'd to make a stand (and pausing a little) he
tonferr'd priuately with his Counceli, but gaue vs no answer.

Our Merchant likewise requested that the English Merchants Trading for the East Ir e>
might haue free Licence to come with their shipping small or great, into the Roads &

II 2 hours

«H

I i

rMu

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Newesfrom the East Indies :

boursof his Sea-port Townes or to any Ilaiiens or nauiKabIc Riuers or any such place or

filaces as shall be found fitting for the safcKii&rd, building or repairing of the said Vessels bc-
onging to the honourable company. And likewise t.i transport their goods either off or on
the shoare witliout the let or hinderance of the Natiues of the Countrey : Likewise to haue
his Licence to quoync Moneys, Gold or Siluer, Countrcy-money, h such as is currant with
the Merchant.

By this Time that our Merchant had ended the relation of his Suits & cause of his coin-
ming, the Kings Minister with a loud voyce called to Prayer. Tiien the King speedily ;(rosc
from his Seate, & all his Company went with him, & wee were dismist till prayer was
ended. When the Minister came there was a large cnuering spread oner llie rich Car-
pets ; the coucring was ot black & white cloaths, on this tliev ail stood, it when tlicy
kneeled, they did knecle with their faces towards the going dowiie of the Sim, (which is
to the V.'ost.) Prayer being endeJ, the Assembly sate again conccniiiig our I'roposi-
tions, all other businesses were laid aside; being now tlie shutting in of llie Huening,
there came a very braue shew of lights in before the King. The foremost that < .ime
were sixe Siluer Laiithornes, vsher'd in by a very graue man, hauiiig in his hand a StafTc
oucr-laid with Siluer, & when he came to the steps of the Pnuement, he put ofl' his shooes,
& came to the Carpets, making obedience : so likewise did those that bore the si\e laii-
thornes; but all the other lightes, being one hundred & thirty stood round about the U.iilcs.
Then the Vsher took the lanthorne that had two lights in it, & (making obedience) lifted
his armes aloft, & made an ample Oration, wiiich being ended, they gaue all a great Sa-
lame, or kind of Reuerence with a loud vovce, & departed euery one, & placed the linhts
according as the scuerall offices & places did require. Here we stay'd till it was betv>\eiic
eight & nine of the Clocke at Night, but nothing accomplished ; onely wee had some laiie
promises of furtherance by some of the Courtiers : Thus wee were dismist for that time &
wee returned for our Lodging at Mersimomeins house at Coteke, accompanied with a great
multitude of people, & many Lights, who much admired our kind of habit and fashion.

The second day, wee came in the .\fter-noone againe to tlir court before the N.ibob, whii ii
being set, there mette vs at the Derbar (or ("ouncell-house) our old enemy the Nockada ol
the Frigget, who made a great complaint against \s, that wee h.id sought to make pri/^e ol
his Vessell, & to take his goods by force, hee had likewise giuen a great gift to a Nobleman
to stand his friend it speake in his behalfe.

Our Merchant pleaded likewise, that all huch Vessells .is did trade on the coast, & had not
a Passe either from the English, Danes, or Dutch, was lawfull Prise. Hee answered that he
had a Passe ; our Merchant bid him produce the same before the Nabob & hee would dcare
him : to which the Nabob & the whole Councell agreed : but he could shew no Passe from
any of the af'>re-named 3. Nations, but he shew'd two Passes fro:n (or of) the Porlu;,'als,
which thev call by the name of Fringes, & thus was he cast, & wc had the belter of him
before the King and Councell.

But tiien stood vp the Nobleman to whom hee had giuen a reward, (who had also a little
knowledge or insight in Sea-affaires) & said, what Stranger seeking a lice trade, could make
prize of any Vcssi-ll within any of the Sounds, Seas, Roads or Ilariioiirs of his Maiesties Do-
minions? This he spake not so much for the good of the King, but thinking and hoping
that the Vessell by his nieanes should haue beenc clcar'd with all her goods iV the Noik.ido
(or Pilot) acquitted, that so by those meanes hee might liaiu- gained the more k*t gii.iUr re-
wards ; but hee was quite deceiued in his vaine expectation. For the .N'.ibob |)ircciuing
that !.hce belonged to Pyplyc, a Port-Townc of the Portugals, whom the Nabob allec ts not,
where the Portugals were resident, & that shce was not bound for aiiv of his Ports, hee maile
short worke with the matter, 8c put vs ai! out of strife presenliv, for hee coriliscated both
vessell f( goods all to himselfe. Whereby the Nobleman was put hv liis iiopes, who was in-
deed a (Joiiernour of a great Sea-towne, whereto inucii Shipping did belong, & many ships
& '"tlier Vessels were builded. Our Merchant seeing that hee could not make pri/.e of the
* csscll or the goods, nor haue any satisfaction for the wrongs which he & our men had re-

ceiucd,

his

ie East Indies :

y such place or
wid Vessels bc-
;ither off or on
:ewisc to liauo
is currant with

ISO of his coin-
; speedily ;(n)se
till prayer was

the rich Car-
, it when tlu-y
Sim, (which is
; our I'roposi-
f tiic Huening,
lost that (■.line
is hand a StafTc

of!" his shooes,
• the si\e laii-
vnil the Uailcs.
edieucc) lifted
all a great Sa-
iced the lights

was betWi'eiie
had some lair*;
)r that time i^
■d with a great
nd fa>hl(in.
r Nabob, whii h
le Nocknda ol

make prize ol
to a Nobleman

last, & had net
swered tliat he
•c would cleare
no I'asse from
the Porlugals.
belter of liim

ad also a little

lie, could make

I Maiesiies Do-

g and Iui[)ing

iIh> Noik.ido

■ \ giiali-r re-

ol) inrcciuin;,'

i)b alU'cts not,

oris, hre made

•iliscated both

s, who was in-

& many >.hips

pri/x" of the

men ha<l re-

cciued,

ova Voyage to Jiengalla. TRAFFIQIJES. AND DISCOUERIES.

cciued, he rose vp in great anger & departed, saying, that if hec could not haue right here,
he would haue it in another place, &. so went his way, not taking his Icaue of the Nabob,
nor of any other, at which abrupt departure they all admired.

The third day in the Morning the King sent for our Merchant by the Lord Comptroller
of his Court, who went with him accompanied with Mersimomein & others to the Derbar,
where there was a verv graue Assembly set : Then came the King, who being set, he smiled
vpnn our Merchant, He (bv an Interpreter) demanded the cause why hec went the last
cucning (or ouer-night) in such an anger? To whom he answcr'd boldly, & with a sterne
vndauntcd countenance, that he had done his Masters of the Honourable Company wrong,
& (by his might i*c power) had taken their rights from them which would not be so en-
dured or put vp. Tlic King hearing this demanded of the Assembly, which were as well
Merchant- as Nobles, (in the Persian Tongue) of what strength &: force our shipping were,
their number, Inirthen I'v: force, where our chief place of residence was for Trading: Hee
likewise sen' f ( r Pcr-ian Merchants, iV' did diligently cntpiire of tiiem the same demands
Si question-: who answcr'd that we had great trading on the coast of Connadcll, India and
Per-ia ; iV likcwi'-c in the SouthSeas, as Hantam, laparo, laubee & Macossor : They fur-
ther told the Nabob, that our Shipping were <ircn{, and of great force withall, & likewise if
his pleasure was siicli as to be at ods with vs, there neither could, would or should any Ves-
sel!, great or oiiall, that did behmg to these parts, stirrc out of any Hauens, Ports or Har-
bours of his Maiesties Dominions, but tiiey would take them & make prize of them, for
ihev were not able to withstand their force. At these words the King said but little, but
what he thought is beyond my knowledge to tell you.

Then tlic King tiirn'd to our Merchant, & told liim in \!oorcs language (the which hee
I (Uild very well vnderstaiul) that he would grant the I'"nglish free Trade vpon these Condi-
lions following.

'I'hat if the Kngli-ii Shi|) cr Ships should at any time see anv -hip or ship*, luiikc or lunks,
cir any other Vessell ol the Naijob-i, or any of hi- -id)iecls in distre--e either by fotile wea-
ilier, or in danger of llMciiiie-, or in any other extrcamity, that wc (the English) should
heipe, aide, \; as-ist ihem to our powers, or if it happened tluy were in want of Cables,
.\n( hors. Water, Victualls, or any other necessaries whatsoeucr that did belong to them, that
we the said Engli-h shmild he!p<' iluMn as we were able. I,ikcwi-e tiiat we the said English
■JiKUiId not make prize of any \'e--e!l belonging to any of the Dominions of the said Nabob,
(St- that we t!\e said I".n.;lish should net make prize of any ship, \'e-seil or Vessels within the
Pert-, HiutTs, Hoads, <ir Havens ol the Nabob, though thev were our enemies; but at the
Sea wee mii;lit make prize of tliem if we could : to this all our Merchants agreed. Then
the King caused Artie les on his part to be drawiu", i»< published in this maimer following.

Here I the said Nabob, Vice King \' (iouerno,;r of the Countrcv of W'oodia, vndcr the
great & mighty Prince Pe l)e-lia iShas-allem, doe giiie iV grant free licence to the afore-
said Halph Cartwright Men liant to trade, buy, sell, export \: transport bv Shipping, cither
otf or vpon tlic shore, not pi\ing anv lunkcon or Ciistome, imr anv \iider me to cause
them to pay any : Likewise, that if tiiey doe conuay (ioods b\ siiore betwcene Factory &
Factory or any other place for their better aduaiitage of gainc within these his Dominions, I
straitlv charge cV command that no (louiTiiour, Cu-tome-gatherer, or other OITicer whatsoeucr,
shall make (jr caii-e them to |)ay any liinkcn or Cu-tomes ; but -hall sull'er them to passc
free, without let. hinderanct', imde-iaiion, or interni|)tion of slasage, but siiall (1 sav )
heljie iV further them in anv thing that -hail be the ruriiurai.ce of their bu-inesse. More-
ouer, I doe grant to the I',iigli-h Men hants to take ground, X- to build houses fitting for
their Imployments, «."(: where the\' -hall see coiiuenieiit for their best vtility & profits, with-
out let or hinderaiice of anv of my louing Subiects.

And fiirliier I doe giue i"^' grant to the F.ngli.-h Merchrmts Iree Licence to build Shipping,
small or great, or a:iy other \'e--cll which thev shall ihiiike bc-t \ liltest for their occasions
& vses ; tl'.ev jiaviiig no more than the Custoinc of the Countre\ to the Workmen : iS;
likewise to repairc shijiping if any occasion be to rccpiirc it.

Likewise

/t-

'in

^' K'

I i'

))

g^ VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Nivieit from the East Indies .

Likewise 1 the Nabob doc cominaiul that no CJourriiour or Officer whatsooiier vnder me
shall doe the Enislish any wroii<j, or r.iiisc any to bo done vnto tlicin, a-, they shall answer
it at their perillsrwhcrcsoeiier they are re-ident : Neither shall any wrong be done to any
seruant of theirs, that doth belong; vnto them.

And ai^aine, if any rontnuiersie >hould be betwixt the Knjjlish, iSc tho people of the
Countrev? if the matter be of any moment, then the said cause shab l)e l)r,'iiji;lit before nic
the Nabob at the Court at Maleandy, & at the Derbar I will decide the !:• ittcr, because
the Kn'^lish may haue no wronu, (behauiiif; thcmsclues as Merchants ouj;ht to do,)

This^Licence fonncii i^' f^iucn at the Hoyall Court of Malcandy, the third day of May
\63:i, but not sealed till the lift day ff May following at night.

The fourth day of May the Kinn ^ent a gnat banquet to the House of Marsymomeine.
to our Men hant, iV there came to this least the great man that did speake on the Nockado's
side against \s, at the Darbar, about the frigget aforesaid : lie brought with him to our
Merchant for a present n b.ile of Sugar, a Bottle of Wine, & some sweet meales ; saying,
he was sorry for the things l)erore done t*s: past, but if any thing lay in him to doc the
Company & him any good, he & they should be sure of it. This man was (joueriour ol
a Towne called Boliasar\e, a Sea Towne wiiere shipping was built ; (as is afore said) his
name was Mereossom. & vnderstanding that the Merchant was minded to trauaile that way,
hce promised him to doe him all the courtesies that could be.

The fifth day of May in the afternoone we were belcire the King againe at the Darbar, at
our comming he called for our I'er^^■nn, (which was our warrantor licence) & then he
added to it the free ieaue of coyning of Monies & sealed it with his owne signet himselfe,
tv so all things were strongly confirm 'd i*v: ratified for our free trade in his territories <Si Do-
minions.

The sixth day (>f May the King nvide a gieat I'easi at the Court where were assembled the
most & chiefe^t ol all his Nobles Sc (iouemours ili;it were vnder his command, iV being
set, he sent the Lord Comptroller of !ii- house for tiie Ijigli-h Merchant Master Ralph Cart-
wright to come vnto him, who came \villi all sj)ee(le, i\: when he was in the presence of the
King, he caused him to set downeby him, S: take part of the Feast (for the King was exceed-
ing merry iSc pleasant) then the King caiNcd a \'est or Kobe to be brought, it with his own
hands did put it vjxm our .Merchant ; & lluis w.ts he inuested iS. entertainetl in the presence
of this Itoyall, Noble ft great asseniblv

■J'liis day the King wa^ in niagnificent sl.iie i*^ Muiestv, onridi I'crsian Carpets: (as i'.
before mentioned) Hut oner this great Company was a large Canopy of branched N'eluet of
Inure colours, ik in the seames betweene the io\nini;s nt it was yellow Talliu.i, \\hich hung
downe like vnto the Vallence of a bed, it was SO. foote in IeriL;ih, tS: 40. foote in bredth,
& it was \j)held with foure small Pillars, ouerlavd with siluer, whose height w.i-, tweliie
foote, & in thici.nessc one fooie. Here we staid till about the houre of line in the after-
noone, & then we tookc our leaues of" tjie King & the rest, & departed to Coleke to the
house of .Mcrsymomeine.

Thus haue I plainly & truly related ih;- occurrences that hapned at the Court of .Malcan-
dy-, but although the I'alace of the Nabob be so large in evtent, & so magnificent in struc-
ture, vet he himselfe will not lodge in it, but euery night he lodgelh in Tents with his most
trusty Seruants & (iuanls about hiui, for it is an abhoniination to the .Moguls (^which are
white men) to rest or sleepe vnder the roofe of a house that another man hath builded for
his owne honour. And therefore hee was building a I'al.ue which he purposed should be a
Fabric kc of a Rest, (S<: future Remembrance of his renowne : He likewise keepeth three
hundred Women, who are all of them the daughters of tlu- be>t X' ablest siduecls that he
hath.

'J'hc seiienth day of Mav \se went \p & downe in the Towne of Coteke ; it is very po-
pulous of people, iv: halli daily a great Market in it of all sorts of necessaries which the
Coiuitry aflordeih, it is seuen miles in comjia^se, & hath but two great (iates belonging to
it, it ii three .Miles betweene the one Gate & the othir.

N'pon

*•

Easl Indies .

icr vnder me
Mhall answer
(lone to any

>eo|)lc of t!ie

;lit be lore nie

ificr, brtausc

An.)

I day of May

arsyniomcino,
the Nockado's
tl) him to uiir
•ate-* ; saying,
ni to doc tli(.'
llOlKT loiir ol
(ore said) his
aile that way,

ihc Darbar, at
) & then ho
(net himselfe,
itorics & Do-

asscinl)led the
nil, iV l)oing
•r Ralph (';irt-
esence of the
Z was fxceed-
wilh his o\vi>
the presence

irpets : ,'as i-.
bed N'chiet ol
, whicli IniMK
te in l)r('(lth,
It \v.i>> iwehie
in the aftrr-
oteke to the

t i>r Malian-
•<nt m sfnic-
with his most
!s (^whifh are
h buililed (or
should be a
ecpeih three
)iects that he

t is \erv po-
whicli the
belonging to

V'pon

,.;• ii Voyage to Bengalla. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

Vpon the eij>hth day of May wo went to the Court at Malcandy againe to desire of the
King a Warrant, or free Passe, for a safe conuoy of Letters, or any other such occasion
tlirongh his Countries.

Here we found his Nfaiesty sitting in tlic outward Palace of the Court on the Pauement
by the Tanke before named, with a very (aire Canopy ouer him, made of Damaske, & vp-
held by foure small Pillars overlayd with SiUier, with his Nobles by him for this effect &.
purpose following.

He was by the great Mogul commanded to wage warre with all expedition against the
King of Culcandouch (a great Prince neighbouring vpon his confines) which had wrong-
fully with hostility entrcd on the Southwest part of his Countrey, & had made some spoyle
^ hauock on the same. The King, I say, had here called all his Commanders, Leaders &
Captaincs together giuing them a great charge concerning the good vsage of his men, &
their best endeauours in the management & performance of their scruices in those Warres.
Ilee likewise gaue jjifts to the Lcail^rs, & money to the Souldiers to encourage them. The
Army consisted of .'{0000. men, which was I0()0. Horse & 2000. foote, armed for the most
part with Howes i<l Arrows ; & some againe with Darts, like our lauelins, but farre more
sharpe; i"v soir ;aine with a kind of Falchon, Semiter, or like a bended Sword by their
side; some of .urh weapons haue cut in sunder two malefactors, which haue been con-
demncil to dye, licing bound backc to backe, at one blow giuen backwards by the Execu-
tioner. Hut our Commi>sion being granted, & our businesse ended finally, our Merchant
(reucrrntl) ) fooke his leaue of the King; iS: the King (with his Nobles) did the same to
him, wi-liing him all good successe in his atfaires in his Countrey; & so we departed.

The ninth of May we gathered together all our things; & at night wee departed from
Coteke.

The tenth, at the hniirc of two in the .\fternoonc we came to the Towne of Harharra-
poorr, & hosted in the lioiisc of our Interpreter.

■flic cleuentli day wee went to the Gouenionr of the Towne, & shewed him our Fermand
or ("oniinission from the Kin;,' ; the Goucrnmir made a great Salame, or courtsie in reue-
■iMue vnto it. iSi promised his i)est assistance tV helpc in anv thing that he could doc, &
i!icrc ilic '^aid (iouernonr had a small Present giuen to him.

The twilfih day of May M.aster fhonias Coliey ranie to vs at Harharrapoore, & the
list of the Knglishnien with him, with all the •.Mxds; then wee hired a house for the pre-
serft, till such lime as ours might be builded, lor our further occasions to the Companies

\sc.

rhis Towne ol Harliarrapoore is \ery Cull of |)coplc, \ it is in bounds sixe or seuen Miles
XI conipassc ; tlurc arc nriny Merchants in it, & great plenty of all things, here is also
cloih ol all SOI Is i;rcat store, for there doth belong to this Towne at the least 'iOOO. VVcauers
that arc house keeper*, liesides all other that doe worke, being bound or hired.

flie foureteenth day the two Merchants went abroad, i*\: found out a plat of ground fitting
ti< build vpon ; then they layd the Kings Deroy on it, & seaz'd vpon it for the Companies
vsc. \ there was no man that did. or durst gaiiie say them fordoini; the same.

fhc tilticiith (lay they hired workmen & l.ibourcrs to measure the Ground, & to square
out the rouii(lati<iii oi the House, iSi likewise for the W.ill, which was one hundred Conets
xiuare, which is tilty vards, enerv ('(.net being halfe a yard, or a foote iv a halfe: Si it be-
houed vs to make haste, for the lime of the great Haines was at hand.

The sixteenth day they laid the foundation of the Walls, being nine foote thicke, much
haste was made, & m;niy workmen about it ; but this our (irst worke was but labour lost iSc
1 .isi away, for it came to iiothiiiLi.

For on the eighteenth day the Haines besan with such force & violence, that it beate
(lowne all our Wdrk to the ground, ^: w.ish'd it away, as if there 'i.id not beene any thing
(lone, this Storine continued without ceasing, (dav and night ) more or lesse three weekes
con'.plv.ii.

file siMcenth day of lune M;ister Halph Cartwright tooke his iourney for Balhuary, &

two

'•'Il

I H'

W I

'II

1'^-^

VOYAGES, NAUFGATIONS, Ncwcsfrom the East Indies :

two English men with him, who were Edward Pctcford & William Withal, & from thence
he was minded to trauaile further into the roimlrey of Hcngalla ; & the eigth of luly fol-
lowing woe rcctiucd a letter from Master Carlwrigiit, inncerning his proceedings & trou-
blesome passage ; for he found not the Countrey according as was reported, by reason of
the time of the great raincs that fell, yet he was safely arriued in Fipely.

The three & twentieth day of luiy in the Morning, wc had newcs that there was an En-
elish Ship arriued at Ilassarpoorc, & had shct of three nieces of Ordnance, & stayed all
nieht she having not a boat to come from her, she weighed Anciior, & set saile for Balla-

zary.
The 25. of Aug"»t in the morning Master Thomas Colley dyed of a violent Feucr at

Harharrapoore.

The scucnth day of September I receiued Letters from Master Caitwriglit from Ballazary,
8c withall he sent me tlie name of the Ship, to wit, the good Sliip Swan, & Master Edward
Austin (orOstin) commander.

The nineteenth day of September there came two Merchants from Halla/.ary to Harharra-
poore, the one of them his name was Master Robert Littler, the otlier M:.ster lohn Powlle.
Purser of the Ship Swan.

The fourth day of 0( tober our Merchant Master Robert Littler, tookc a iourney for lag-
gernaf, & he returned the sixteenth day to the Factory at Harharrapoore.

A bricfc Relation of the great City of laggarnat

THe fifth day of Nouembcr 1 was sent about the Coinpanirs busine-se to the great rity of
faggarnat, & I frauailed this day to a 'I'owne railed Madew, & I lodged all night in a Pagod.
or Pogoda.

Tlie sixth day 1 William Bruton trauniled eight course, which is thirty two Miles English,
iS: came to a Towne named Amudpoore, where I louiul met together, of men, women &
children, more than .'i(XX). ; & all i( Ihem were Trauellers it Raungcrs of the Couiilrey,
hauing no residence, but are called Ashmen ; (because they doe cast Ashes vpon ihein-
seliies) also they are called Fuckeires, which are reli^i'iis names gixen to them for their
supposed holinesso, but indeed they are very Rogues, such as our Gipsies be here in I^n-
t;lan(l, when llu-y see their time iS: opportunity to put Roguery & Vill.tiiy in practice: at
this 'i'owne I made no great stay, for I hail a good chari;e about me of the Companies.

The sctienth day of Nouembcr in the .Morning about two of the Clocke, I hasted from
AinuiIj)oore, oner a passage, is: so for laggarnat, which was teiine course betweene, that is
fortv .Nlilcs English, so about the hoiire of foure in tlie aftcrnonne, I drew ncare to this
grcil (^ily of laggarnef, to which I passed oner a great stone C'aiisy, on eitiier side whercol
was .1 very goodly Tanke to wash in, this ("auscy was about halfc a mile in length ; then as
I came to the West end of this City, 1 entred into a very faire place for .Scituafion, furnished
with exceeding store of pleasant Trees & (Iroues S: on eillter side of the way Tankes ol
^vntcr \ P.igodocs in the n)iii»t of them. IV.ini tluiice I passed \p into tiic High-strecte,
where I w,i> eiiterlained by a Hrainniine, (which is one ol" their Religious Men or Idolatrous
Priests} but let his Religion be what it would, info his H(>use I went, & there I lodged all
the lime of my slay there.

Tlie eigth day of Nouembcr in the morning after I had gone about the ailiiires that I was
sent to doe, I went to view tlie City in some part, but es|)eciallv that inightv Pagodo <>r
Pag( (1, ilie luiirour of all wi( kednessc ^ Idolatry : \'nlo this Pagod, or hous.- of Salhan (as
it may riglilK be called) diu' belong IKXK). Hrnmmincs or Prii^ts, which doc dayly ollir Sa-
crifices vhIo their great (l( d Ini;|^:irnal, from whicii Idoll the Cit\ is so callcil ; & wlicri lie
is but n;imed, then all the people in the Towne \ Counircy iloe bow & bend their knees to
the ground, as the Moabites did to their Idoll R^ial-Penr. Here th?y «loe also oiler their
Children to tiiis Id H, iic mike them to passe through the Fire; it aho they haue an ahho-
nii'iable <iist()nie to cause or make them passe through tlic water as Sacriliccs vnto the said
vnjiodlyGod

This

East Indies :

Ic from thence
th of luly M-
:ding9 8c trou-
, by reason of

TC was nn En-
, 8c stayed nil
iailc for Balla-

ilciit Fciicr at

iom Ball.i7.ary,
blaster KJward

•y to Ilarlnrra-
r Ioi)n I'owllc,

irney for lag-

c great city of
ht in a I'agoJ.

Vlilcs Kn^li-h,
;n, women &
the Coiintrey,
s v|Kin ihem-
ihom for their
L' here in I'-n-
I) practice : at
npatiicf*.
I hasted from
wcene, that is
ncare to thi>
r side w Iicrcol
n;;fh ; then a-.
ion, furnished
av Tankcs of
lli<!;li-strcctc,
or Idiilafrous
c I lodged .ill

ires that I was
itv I'a;;odo or
of Saihun (as
aylv odlr Sa-
; & wlieti tic
ihi'ir knees to
so olVcr their
laue an aliho-
vnto the said

This

or a Voifagt to Bengalla. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

This Idoll is in shape like a Rreat Serpent, with seuen Heads, & on the checkca of cacU
Head it hath the forme of a Wing vpon each cheeke, which win«s doc open & shut, &
flappe, as it is carried in a stately Chariot, & the Idoll in the midd'st of it : and one of the
Mojriils sitting behinde it in the Chariot vpon a conuenient place with a Canopy to keepc
the SunncTrom iniuring of it. • • . lo /-l

When I (with horrour) beheld these strange things I called to mind the 13. Chap, of the
Revel. & I. Verse, & likewise the 16. & 17. Verses of the said Chapter, in which places there
is a beast, & such Idolatrous worship mentioned, &. those sajings in that Text are herein
trueiy accomplished in the Ifith. Verse: for the Brammines are all marked in the fore-head,
& likewise all that come to worship the Idoll, arc marked also in their fore-heads ; but
those that doe buy & sell, are all marked in the left shoulder; be all such as doe dare or
i»resiime to buy & sell, (not being marked) arc most seuercly &' grieuously punished.

They hauc buildcd a great Chariot that goeth on IG. Wheeles of a side, & eiiery wheele
is fine (bote in height, & the Chariot itself is about thirty foot high. In this Chariot (on
their great Festiuall dayes at night ) they doc |»!acc their wicked God laggarnat, & all the
Brammines (being in number 9000.) doe then attend this great Idoll, besides of Ashmen
k Fuckeirs some thousands, (or more than a good many). The Chariot is most richly adorneil
with most rich & costly Ornaments, & the aforesaid wheeles arc placed very compleat in a
round circuitc so artificially, that cuery wheele doth doe his proper office without any im-
pediment : For the Chariot is aloft, & in the Center betwixt the Wheeles ; they hauc also
more than 2000. lights with them : And this Chariot with the Idoll is also drawne with the
greatest & best men of the Towne, 8c they are so eager <Ji.- greedy to draw it, that whoso-
euer by shouldering, crowding, shouing, heauiiig, thrusting, or any violent way can but
come to lay a hand vpon the Ropes, they thinke themselues blessed 8c happy. And when
it is going along the City, there are many that will olVer themselues a Sacrilice to this Idoll,
& desperately lye downc on the ground, that the Chariott-wheeles may runnc oucr them,
whereby they arc killed outright ; some get broken armes, some broken Icgges, so that
many of them are so destroyed, &r by this meanes they thinke to merit Heauen.

There is also another Chariot which hath but 12. wheeles, & thai is for an Idoll or a Deuill
of an infcriour ranke or lower degree : it hee doth not goe abroad or in progresse, but
when the Bramines doe please. This Pagodo is scituated by the sea-side, 8c is to be seen
into the Sea at the least 10. or 12. leagues; (for the Ayrc & Skye is clear & pure in those
parts, that it may be scene farre). It is iiuloseil with a wall of Stone, much about 22. foot
in height, & the inclosurc is foure-scpiare, & euery square is 150. Ocometncall paces; so
the foure squares in the totall are 600. paces or yanis about : it slandeth due F.ast, West,
North & South ; & euery square hath a great gate for the entrance into it, but the South
8c West-gates are barr'd vp till the Festiuall times, & none commonly vscd but the North
fi Kast-gates, but especially the North-gate ; for it hath all its prospect into the high or
chiefe street of this City.

Now in some other parts of this Countrey the people doc adore Si worship other crea-
tures for their Gods: some worship the Celcstiall, as the Sunne, Moone 8c Starres : some
againe Terrestriall, & they of the Mountaines, Vallies & Woods : some Aquaticall, 8c those
of the Seas, Riuers, & Fountaines: some running after a beast like an Oxe, the Dog, &
the Cat, some after the Ilawke, some after the sheepc, & some so foolish, that they doted
vpon the very hearbs & flowers in their Gardens. For indeed they haue very rare flowers
for colour, such as 1 neuer saw in England, or else-where. Some of this Nation haue erec ted
to themselues a God, in the likenesse of lupiter, & doe chaine him b\ the legge in their
Pagod, to the intent that hee might not leaiie them, nor forsake them ; & keepe contiiniall
watcii & (Juard night 8c day, lest any of their Enemies should come &c intice him awav
by bribery, & so to preuailc with him to come forth of it, & by that meanes their City
come to mine & destruction : so much for their Idolatry.

This City of Bengalla is very great & populous, it hath many Merchants in ii, & vceldcili
very rich commodities, as good Cloath in aboundance, Sugars, Silkes, Talfat.ics. Smiles, Waxe,
■ vol.. V. I Giunlacke,

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99 VOYAGES, NADIGATIONS. Newesfrom the £a»t Indiea:

Giimlacke, Bmter, Oylc, Rice & Wheafe, with many other good commodities vendable. It
is likewitie i'amous Tor its multitude of Rhinoceroes, it hath a beast much liiie vnto a Vnt«
come, & because it hath b»it one Home, some doe beleeue Sc take it for the Vnicorne*
home for the vcrtue it hath in it. This City was once free from Taxations, till Ehebar the
great Mogull caused it to be vnited to his Empire. The chiefcst Cities which ioyne nearest
to it, arc Catigan, & Safapan on the bankes of Ganges Eastward : It was once the Seate of
the great Bengaliaii King Malchiram, as Mr. Purchase relates in his Pilgrimage. This City
lyes Westward toward Pega, & neere to Cosmin & Aracam, two famous Cities for Traffick
& Sciiuation; lying vpon the Riuer, 8c within some few Leagues of the Gulfe cali'd the
Brngallian gulfc, which is a very dangerous one; for at some certaine times of the yeere
it is very hazardable for vessells to passe without shipwrark : There be many other Lakes &
Riucrs which I could mention, but for breuity sake I omit them. But there is no strong
driiikc ^uffered to be drankc within the Citv. except a Stranger doe bring it in priuately, &
Hu it is not knownc : St thus much shall suAicc for the impious Religion of laggarnat & the
stately Court of Malcandy.

The most of these people haue no Learning, but doe all things by memory : They weare
commonly long haire, & are very strict in their time of Fasting; but afterwards, when the
Ceremony is ouer, then they freely commit all kind of wickednessc againe. In some places
they haue their Edicts or Lawes written, & in other places vnwrittcn : They know what belongs
to Bonds or bills & they lend witlunit Witnesses, or any sealing of Writings, eucn vpon their
owne Words; <S: hce that is found to deny his promise, halh the tops of his lingers cut ofF.
Their habit is vnrious & ditferent. some of them doc goe in linnen or woollen, some are
cloathed with beasts skins, or Birds feathers, others goe naked, & doc coucr only their secret
parts : Their bodies arc for the most part bincke, which is not accidentall, but naturally arising
from the quality of the seed they are begotten : Most of them are of a large stature ; they
haue many wiues which they purchase & buy of their Parents : some they kcepc to be their
Vassnis to doe their drudgery ; others, which arc handsomer, for >>sue sake & pleasure.

Hire .nrc greater store of Beasts than in any other part of the Indies; :ts Oxen, Camells,
Lyons, Dog.ex, Elephants: they haue Doggcs which are .is llerce as Lyons, with which they
u&ualiy iiiiiit ^i pursue those wild beasts as we doc our bucks, for their delight k pleasure.
They ride on goodly horses booted & spurr'd ; so likewise doe their Women.

These pi'ople are notable ingenious men ; let it be in what Art or Scier • soeuer, & will
iniitntr ;iiiy W()rkm.in>hip that shall be brought before them: for the most part of them hate
idicne-'c, & ihrsc that doc not study in some Art or «iiher, are counted drnanes, & stand for
Cynhfr- .Sc diadmen amongst llie best & (hiefest sort of people : They haue a custome,
that .ilw ..IS before dinner they do call their ehiUlrcn & young people in their houses together,
& doe e\:iminf how they had spent their time from the sunnc-risiiig, & if they could not
glue a good arrount of it, they were not to be .idmitled to the Table ; & so euery dav, ^
il thcv did net the next time imprnue theinselucs in some knowledge of laudable things,
they are most «euerely punished and chastised.

These b.irbarous & ido'atrous people, although they be so ignorant in the trae worship
of God cinnot endure a perjured person, nor a common swearer, nor a common drunkard,
but will punish them very seuerely by stripes, or else by forfeiture of their Commodities:
A perjured person, say they, is an arch enemy to their God & them : & il is so hatefull, that
if it be (cm.nittcd by their Father, Brother or kindred, they doc presently condemn him,
acfoniini; to the nature of the olTenrc : for though they loue the periury, l)y reason of the
benefit that commeth vntu them by il, yet they hate the person eucn vnto death: for, say
they, hee whic h was sometin'cs pcriurtd in their bchalfc, may vndoc what he hath done, &
speake the trutli when time serucs : Tliey iiiMt^nce a story of Solcman the great Turke, who
loathed & abhorred the Traitor tliat lietiayed Ulndcs vnto him, & in stead of his daughter,
wliom he expcc ted to be giueii him in marriage for a rcvard, he caused him to be flayed and
salted, & told him in derision, th.it it w.ns not til for a Christian to marry with a Turk, unless
he put oflT his old skin: likewise they instance Charles ihc fourth, who rcwartlcd the soul-

diers

Eait Indita:

endable. It
vnio a ViiN
e Vnicornes

Ehebar the
ovne nearest
the Seate of
^ This City

for Traffick
fe call'd the
f the yeere
her Lakes &

i^ no strong
priiiately, &
;arnat Sc the

They weare
ds, when the

some plarca
tvhnt belongs

n vpon their
gcrs cut ofT.
in, .sonac are

their Hccrct
iiraily ariiiing
tattire; they
>c tu be their
Icatiiire.
en, Camells.
» which they
: & plea.sure.

icucr, & will
of tliem Iiate
& Ntand fur
a custoinr,
SC8 together,
y could not
ucry day, 4^
able things,

Inie worship
n drunkard,
:Mnm(>ditirs :
latefull, that
idenin him,
ason of the
th: for, say
ith done. Si
Turke, who
is daughter,
e fliiyed and
I'urk, unless
d the soul-
diers

,;4

.> .V
.y

or a Voyage lo BengdUa, TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUBRltS.

diet* (that betrayed their Lord & Master Krantius) with counterfeit Coyne; and being de-
sired to deliuer them current money, answered, that counterfeit coyne was the proper wages
for counterfeit seruice : Thus a lyar or periured person amongst these Idolatrous people they
will not beleeue, though he had spoken or sworne the truth: for he that hath been once false,
is euer to be suspected in the same kinde of falshood : wherefore iust & vpright dealing is
aptly compared to a glasse, which being once broken, can neuer be repaired ; or to oppor-
tunity, which once omitted, can neuer he recouered. And so I conclude this relation, wishing
all men to preferre knowledge & honesty before wealth & riches ; the one soone fadcth,
the other abideth for euer : for amongst ail the goods of this life, onety wisdomc is immortall.

FINIS

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THi

I ARDLE OF FACIONS

C'ONTEININO

THE ADNCIENTK MANEOS, cOsTOMES AND LAWES,

O ' TIIK

PEOPLES ENHABITING I HE i >V0 eA!'.TES OF THE EARTH,

t AILEK

AFFRICK.B .A">JD ASIE.

BY IHON KIN08TCNS, AND IUNIt7 SUITCH

1555.

I?!

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TO THE

RIGHTE HONOURABLE
THE ERLE OF ARUNDEL,

KNIOHT OF THE ORDRE.

AND

LOUDF. STEU'ARDE OF THE QUIENES MAIESTIES MOST
HONOURABLE HOUSEHOLDE.

AFtre what time the barreiii traiiiilcs of longc seriiice, had driiie me to thinke libertie the
best rcwarde of iny simpk' life, right honorable Erie and that I had determined to leaue
wrastlynR with fortune, and to giuc my self wholie to line vpon my studic, and the labours of
my hand : I thought it moste fitting with the dutie that I owe to God and manne, to bcstowc
my time ( if 1 could) as well to the profite of other, as of myself. Not coueting to make of
my floudde, a nothcr miincscbbe (theCancrc of all commune wcalthcs) but rather to sette
other a flote, where I my self strakc on groud. Tourning me therefore, to the .searche of
wisedome and vcrtue, for whos^e sake cither we toese, or oughte to tosse so many papers and
tongues: although I founde aboute my self, verie litlc of that Threasure, yet remembred I
thai a fewc ycres paste, at the instaunce of a good Citezcin, (who might at those daies, by
aucthnritie commaunde me) I had be^innne to translate, a litle booke named in the Latinc.
Omnium gentium mores, gathered loi^e sence by one Johannes Bocmtis, a manne as it ap-
pcreth, of good iudgemcnte and diligrnce. But so corrupted in the Printing, that after I had
wrasteled a space, with sondrie Printcs, I rather determined to lose my labour of the quartre
translarinn, then to be shamed with the haulf. And throwing it a side, entended no further
to wearic my self therwithall, at the leaste vntill I mighte finde a booke of a bettre im-
pressin. In searching whereof at this my retournc to my studie, although I found not at the
full that, that I sought for: yet vndrestanding emongthc booke sellers (as one talke bringes
in another) that menof go(Kl learning and eloquecc, bothe in the Frenche and Italien tonge,
had not thought skorne to bcstowc their time aboute the transtlacion therof, and that the
Empcnnirs Maiestie thai now is, vouchedsaulfe to receiuc the presentacion therof, at the
Frenche innslalours hande, as well apperefh in his booke : it kindled me againe, vpon
regard of mine owne profite, and other mennes moe, to bring that to some good pointe, that
earst I had begoniie. For (thought I) seing the booke hath in it, much pleasant varietie of
thinges, and yet more ])n>lite in the pitthe . if it fnile to bee otherwise rewarded, yet slial it
iliankefully of the good be regarded. Wherefore setting vpon it a fresshe, where the booke
is denided acording to thaunciente deuision of the earth into thre partes, Affrique, .Ajiie,
:nid Furope : hauing brought to an eiuk* the two firstc paries, 1 found no persone in mine
opinio so litte as your honour, to present thcim vnto. For seing the whole proeesse runnetli
vpon gouernaunce and Lawes, for thadministracion of lommune wealthcs, in peace and in
warre, of auncicnte limes tofore our gre \te graundfathers daies : to whom mighte 1 belfrc
pieseutc it, then to a Lurdc of veric nobilitic ai>d wisedome, that hath bene highc Marcshalle

1 ■■•

64 THE LETTRE DEDICATORIE.

ill the fielde abrode, dcputie of the locke and keie of this realme, and a counsailour at home,
of thre worthie princes. Exercised so many waies in the wanes of a fickle Commune
wealthe: troubled sometime, but neucr disapoincted of honourable succcsse. To your
good Lordeshippe then I yeliie & committe, the firstc fruictes of my iibertie, the firstc
croppe of my labours, this iirsfe daie of the Neweycrc: beseching the same in as good
jjarte to receiue it, as I humblie ollre if, and at your pleasure to vnfolde the Fardle, and
considre the stuffc. Whichc cuer the farder in, shall sleme I truste the more pleasaunte and
fruictefulle. And to conclude, if I shall vndrcstrule, that your honour deli^hteth in this, it
shal be a cause sufficiente, to make nie go in hande with Europe, that yet remaineth
untouched. Almightie God giuc vnto your Lordeshippe prosperous fortune, in sounde
honour and healthe.

Your Lordshippes moste humblie at commaundemente,
William W^treman

1,1

U'h

•:','*

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Tin;

lour at home,
dc Commune
se. To your
tic, the firste
• in as good
e Fardle, and
leasaunte and
cth in this, it
et remaincth
lie, in sounde

aundementr,

THK

PREFACE

OF THE AUTHOUR.

THK

I HAVE sought out at times, as laisure hath serued me. Good reader, the maners and
facios the Lawes, Customcs and Rites, of all suche pei^ples, as semed notable, and worthy to
be put in remembriice, together with the situatio & descriptio of their habitatios: which;
the father uf Stories Herodotus the Greke, Diodorus, the Siciliane, Berosus, Strabo, Solinus,
Trogus Pompeius, Ptolomeus, Pliitiu!^, Cornelius the still, Dionysius the Afriane, Puponius
Mcin, Cassar, losophus, and certein of the later writers, as Vincentius, and Aeneas Siluius
(whiclie aftrewarJ made Pope, had to name Pius the seconde) Anthonie Sabellicus, Ihon
Naurlerurf, Ambrose C.ilcpine, Nicholas Perotte, in his cornu copiae, and many other famous
writiTf echc one for their parte, as it were skatered, & by piece meale, set furthe to
postcrific. Those I sale haue I sought out, gathered together, and acordyng to the ordre of
the storic and tyme, digested into this litle packe. Not for the hongre of gaine, or the
ti'klyng desire of the peoples vaine brute, and vnskilfulle commendacion : but partly moued
with the oporlunitie of my laisure, & the wondrefull profite and pleasure, that I conceiued in
this kinde of stiidie my self, and partly that other also delightyng in stories, might with iitle
labour, finde eascly when thei would, the somme of thynges compiled in one Booke, that
thei ware wontc with icdiousnes to sieke in many. And I haue shocked thcim vp together,
as well those of aunciente tyme, as of later yeres, the lewde, as well as the vertuous in-
ditrerentlie, that vsing the as present examples, and paterncs of life, thou maiest with all
thine cndeuour folowe the vertuous and godlie, & with asmuche warenes eschewe the vi-
rions & vngoiily. Yea, that thou maiest further, my (reader) learne to discerne, how men
haue in these dales amended the rude simplicitie of the first worlde, fro Adam to the floud
ami many yeres after, when men lined skaterj-ng on the earthc, without knowlege of Money,
or what coiunc inent, or Nferchauntes trade : no mancr of exchauge, but one good tourne for
another. When no man ( laimed aught for his scueralle, but lande and water ware an
lomunc to al, as A\er and Skie. Who thei gaped not for honour, ne hunted after richesse,
but cihe man contented with a litle, pas-icd his daies in the wildc jielde, vnder the
o])en hcaucn, the loucrte of some shadowic Tree, or slcndre houellc, with suche com-
panion or companies as sicmcd them good, their diere babes and children aboute them.
Sounde without rarckc and in rest full quietnesse, eatyng iIk fruictes of the ficlde, and the
milkc of the cattle, and drii»king tlic wafers of the christalline springes. First clad with
the softe barckc of trees, or the faire broadc leaues, & in processe with rawe felle and hide
full vnworkemaiily patched together. Not then enuironed with wallcs, nc pcnte vp with
rnmpers, and dichcs of deapthe, but walking at free skope emug the wanderyng beastes of
the lielde, and where the night came vpon theim, there takyng their kxlgyng without feare

vol,. V. K of

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66 THE PREFACE

of murtherer or thief, ^fc^y at the fulle, as without knowledge of the euilles ^ aftre ensued
as J worlde waxed elder, through diuers desires, and contrarie endeuours of menne. Who
in processe for the insufficiencie of the fruictes of the earthe, (whiche she tho gaue vntilled)
and for defnult of other thynges, ganne falle at disquiete and debate einong thcmselues, and
to auoied the inuasion of beastes, and menne of straunge borders, (whom by themselues
the! could not repelle) gathered into companies, with commune aide to witlistande suche
encursions and violence of wrong. And so ioynyng in confcdcracic, planted themselues
together in a plotte, assigned their boundes, framed vp cotages, one by another!* chieque,
diked in theselues, chase officers and gouernours, and deuiscd lawcs, that tliei also emong
theimselues might Hue in quiete. So beginnyng a rough paternc of tounes and of Cities,
that aftre ware laboured to more curious finesse,

AND now ware thei not contented, with the commodities of the ficldes and cattle alone,
but by diuers inucncions of handccraftcs and scieces, and by sondrie labours of this life, thei
sought how to winne. Now gan thei tattempte the sease with many deuices, to transplantc
their progeiiie and ofspriug into places vncnhabitcd, and to enioye the commodities of echc
others countrie, by mutuall fraflique. Now came the Oxc to the yoke, the Horse to the
draught, the Metallc to tiicstapc, the Apparel to handsomncs, the Spcachc to more finesse, the
Behnuour of menne to a more cahnencssc, (he Fare more dcintic, the Buildyng more gor-
geous, thenhabitours oucr all beram milder and wittier, shaking of (cuen of their owne
accorde) the bruteshe outrages and stearnc dcalingcs, ^ shamefully mought be spoken of.
Nowe refrained thei from sleayng one of a nothcr, fro catyng of cch others flesh, from rape
and open defiling of motlicr, sister, and daughter indifieretly, and fro many like abhomina-
cions to nature and honestic. Thei now marieng reason, with strength : and pollicic, with
mijiht : where the earthe was before forgrowen with bushes and wooddcs, stufTed with many
noisome beastes, drouned with mearcs, and with marshe, vnfilte to be cnliabited, waast and
vnhandsome in eucry condition : by wittic diligence, and labour, ridde if from cncom-
braunce, planed the roughes, digpod vp trees bv the rootcs, dried away the superfluous
waters, brought all into leauelle, banished barreiiu \ and vncouercd the face of the earth,
that it might fully he sene, conucrfed the champcine to tillage, the plaines to p.isture, the
valley to meadow, the hillcs thei shadowed with wooddes and with Vines. Thon thrusie thei
in cultre and share, and with wide woundes of the earthe, wan wine and cnrne jjlenteously
of the grounde, that afore scarcely gaue them Akornes and Crablics. Then cnliabited thei
more thicke, and sprcd themselues ouer ail, and bnvlte euery where. Of Tonnes, thei
made cities, and of villages. Tonnes, Castles vpon the rockes, and in the vallcis made thei
the temples of the goddcs. The golde graueled springes, thei encurbcd with Marble, \:
with trees right picasauntlie shadowed them aboute. IVcin them they deriued into cities and
Tounes, the pure freshe waters, a great distaunce of, by conduiite of pipes and troughes,
and snclic other conueyaunce. Where nature had hiddin the waters, out of si;;hie, thei
sancke welles of greate deapth, to supplie their lackes. Hincrs, and maigne floiides, whiche
afore with \nbrideled violence, oftymes ouerflowed the n«'ighb<nired ahcute, to the destruc-
tion of their cattle, their houses, and themselues: thei restrained with banc<]ues, and kept
them in a course. And to the ende thei might not onely be vadable, but j)asscd also witli
drie foofe, thei deuiscd meanes with piles of Timbre, and .irches of >tone, luaulgre the raije
of their vioii-nt streames, to grounde bridges vpon them. \(.'3, the nukes of tiie sea \vhi( he
for the daungier of the arcesse, thoughte themselues exempte from iheilinfe of their liande,
when thei perceiued by experience, thei ware noyous to sailers, with v(isj)cakcal)!c l.ibour
did thei ouerlhrowe & brcake into goheties, Hewed cut haurs on (uery strond, enlarged
crieques, opened rodes, and digged out herborowes, where their shippes mighie ride sanlfe
fro the storme. Finally thei so laboured, beautified, and perfeightcd the earthe, fh it at this
daie compared with the former nafuralle forgrowen wastencsse, it might well -ieme not to be
that, but rather the Paradise of pleasure, out of the whithe, the fir-t palerncs of mankindc
(Adam and Eue) for the transgression of (ioddes precept, ware driucn.

MEN also inucnted and I'ounde many wittie sciences, and artes, many wondrefuM workes,

whiche

^ 1

jr aftre ensued
menne. Who
gaiic vntilled)
lemscluea, and
by thcmselues
hsiande suche
ed themselues
then* chicque,
ci nlso emong
and of Ciiieii,

1 cattle alone,
r thin life, thei
to transplante
oditics of echc
; Horse to the
ore finesse, the
ng more gor-
oF their owne
be spoken of.
esh, from rape
ike nbhomina-
J pollicie, with
ffed with many
led, waast and

froiu encom-
he superfhious
e of the earth,
(() p.i>tiirc, (he
cii lliriisto thci
pIi'Mteoiisly
(■iihabited ihei

Tonnes, (hci
Icis mad? thci
th .Nfarblc, v<;:
into (ilies and

and Iroiiylics,

f si^htc, thci
lloiiilO'f, whirhe
I) the dcstruc-
ics, and kept
ciscd al«i with
iilgre the rajic
the >ra whii he
i)f tlieir haiidc,
;ikcal)Ie I.d)i)iir
rood, cnhirgcd
hic ride >i;iuirc
ie, til <t at this
icme not to be

of mankindo

Ircfull workos,
whiclie

OF THE AUTHOUR.

whiche when by practice of letlres, thei had committed to bookes.and laied vp forpostcritie,
their siiccessoiire so woundcred at their wisedomcs, and so reuerenced their loue and ende-
uours (whiche thei spied to be meant toward them, and the wealth of those that shuld folow
of the) that thei thought the not blessed enough, with the estate of men mortalle, but so
aduaunccd their fame, and wondered at their worthinesse, that thei wan theim the honour
and name of Goddes immortall.

THO gan the Prince of the worlde, when men so gan to delight in thadournyng of the
worlde, to sowe vpo the good siede, the pestilente Dernell, that as thei multiplied in nom-
bre, so iniquitie might encrease, to disturbe and confounde this blessed state.

FIRST, therefore when he had with all kinde of wickednes belimed f world, he put into
their heades, a curious searche of the highest knowledge, and suche as dependeth vpon
destenie of thynges. And so practised his pageauntes, by obscure and doubtfully attem-
pred Respocions, and voices of spirites, that after he had fettred the worlde in the trauers
of his toies, and launced into their hartes a blinde supersticion, and feare : he trained it
whole to a wicked worship of many goddes and Goddesses, that when he ones had wiped
cleane out of mynde the knowlege and honour of one God euerlastyng, he might practise
vpon manne, some notable mischief. Then sette he vp pilgrimages to deuilles, foreshewers
of thynges, that gaue aduertisemeiitc and answere to demaundes in sondrie wise. In
the Isle of Delphos one, in Euboea another, at Nasamone a thirde, and emong the Dodo-
nians, the famous okes, whose bowes by the blastes of the winde resounded to the eare, a
maner of aduertisemente of deuellishe delusion. To the whiche Idolles and Images of
deuelles he stirred vp men to do the honour (Helas) due onely to God. As to Saturnc in
Italie, to lupiter in Candie, to luno in Samos, to Bacchus in India, & at Thebes : to Iris,
and Osiris in Egipte : in old Troie to Vesta : aboute Tritona in Aphrique to Pallas, in Ger-
manic and Fraunce to Mercuric, vndcr the name of Theuthe: to Minerua at Athenes and
Himetto, to Apollo in Delphos, Rhodes, Chio, Patara, Troade and Tymbra. To Diane in
Delos and in Scythia, to Venus in Paphos, Ciprus, Gnydon, and Cithera. To Mars in Thra-
cia, to Priapus in Lampsacho of Ilellcspontus, to Vulcane in Lypara and Lenos, and in diners
other places to sondrie other, whose remembraunce was then moste freshe in the memorie
of their people, for the benefaictes and mcrucilous inuencions bestowed emong them.

AFTERWARD, also when Icsus Christc the verie sonne of the almightie father, shewyng
hyniself in the fleshe of our mortalitie, was conuersaunte in the worlde, pointyng to the
same, as with his fingre, the wale to immortalitie, & endelesse blessednesse, and bothe with
woorde and example, exhorted and allured them to vprightnes of life, to the glorie of his
father, sendyng i»is disciples and scolers into the vniuersall worlde, to condcmne Supersti-
tion and all errour of wickednes, with the moste healthsome woorde : to plantc true Reli-
gion, and s^eiie newe preccptes, and directions of the life, and had now set the matier in
suche forwardnesse and poincle, that the Gospell beyng generally of all nacions receiued,
there lacked but continuaunce to perfeicte folicitie: The deuell eftcsones retournyng to his
naturall malice, desirous to repossesse that, that constrainedly he forsooke, betrappvng again
the curious conceipte of man, some he reucrsed into their former abuses and errours, and
some with ncwe Heresies he so corrupted, snarled, and blynded, that it had bene muche
beltre for them, neuer aimoste to haue knowen the waie of truthe, then after their entraunce,
so rashely and maliciously to haue forsaken it.

AT this daie in .Asia the lesse, the Armenianes, Arabians, Persi.ins, Sirias, Assirians and
Meades: in Aphrique, the Egipcians, Numidiaiis, Libiens, and Moores. In Europe, the
whole coulrie of (irciia, Mi-ia, Thrac ia, ^; all Tur»|iiie throwyng awaie Christe, are become
the folowers and wt)rshippers of Mahomet and his crronioiis doctrine. The people of Sci-
tliia, whom we now cal Tartarcs (a greale people and wide spread) parte of thcni worshippe
the Idolle of iheir Eniperour Kamnie, parte the Sonne, the Moone, and other Starres, and
part according to the Apostles doctrine, one onely Ciod. The people of Inde, it Ethic pe,
\ndcr the goucrnaunce of Presbiter Iho pcrscauer in C'hristiane godliuesse, howbcit alter a
sort, niuche ditt'erent fru ours.

K a The

If I

-:r<

*ai^«^

i ¥

\^' 1 4

t>? t

I. i

, i^

THE PREFACE

The sincere and true faithe of Christ, wherwith in time it pleased God to illumine the
worlde, remaineth in Germanic, Itai^, Fraunce, Spine, Englande, Scotland, Ireland, Den-
marke, Liuon, Pruse, Pole, Hungarie, and the Isles of Rhodes. Sicilie, Corsica, Sardinia,
with a fewe other. This byftcr ennemie of mankinde haiiyng thus with his subtilties, in-
ueiled our mindes, and disseuered the christia vnio, by diuersilie of maners and facions of
belief, hath brought to passe thorough this damnable wyckednes of Sacrifices, and Rites,
that whilest euery people (viuloubtcdiy with religious enlcnt) endeuour theim selues to the
worshippe of God, and ccheonc taketh vpo him to be the true and best worshipper of him,
and whilest echone thinkc theim selues to tre.idc the streight pathe of cuerlastyng blessed-
nes, and contedeth with eigre mode and bitter dispute, that all other erre and be ledde farrc
awrie: and whilest euery man stnigglethe and striueth to spread and enlarge his owne
sectc, and lo ouerthrcwc others, tliei doe so hate and enuie, so persecute and annoy echone
an other, that at this dale a man cannot safely trauaill from one countrie to another : yea,
thci that would aduenfure saufely or vnsauftiy, be almost euery where holde out. Wherof
me thinkcs I see it is like to come to passe, that whilest one people scant knoweth the name
of another, (and yet almost neighbours) all that >hall this dale be written or reported of
theim, shalbe complcd and refused as lyes. And ycat this maner of knowledge and expe-
rience, is of it self so plc.tsant, so profitable & so praise worthy, that sundrie (as it is well
knowen) for the onely loue and desire thereof, leauyng their natiue rountrie, their father,
their mother, their wiues and their children, yea, throwyng at their heics their sauftie and
welfare, haiie with greate troubles, vexations, and turmoilynges taken vpon theim for ex-
perience sake, to culte through the wallowyng seas, and many thousande miles, to estraunge
thcimselues IVo their home, yea, and those men not in this age alone, but euen from the
firste hatchyng of the worlde haue been reputed and foundc of moste wiscdome, authoritie,
and good facion, sonest chosen with all menncs consent, bothe in pe.ire & warrc, to ad-
ministre the coraune wealth as maistcrs and counsaillours, ludges and Capitaines. Suche
ware thancient sages of Grecc and of Italy, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Antislhenes, Aristip-
pus, Zeno, & Pythagoras, who through their wisedomcs and estimacion for trauailes wan
them greate nnmbres of folowers, and brought fiirtlic in onlre the sectes named Socratici,
Academici, Peripateci, Cynici, Cyrenaici, Stoici, and Pythagorici, echone chosyng name
to gloric in his maisler. Snchc ware the prudcnte luwcniakcrs of fumotis memoric, Minois
and Rhadamanthus emOg the Cretenses, Orpheus cmong the Thraciens, Draco and Solon
emug the Afhenienses, Licurgus emong the Lacedemonias, Moses emog the lewcs, and Za-
molxis emong the Scythians, \ many other in other stedes whichc dreamed not their know-
ledge in the bcnchchole at iiome, but learned of the men in the worlde moste wise, the
Chaldeies, the Brachmanni, the Gymnosophites it the pricstes of Fgipte, with \>h6 thci
had for a space bene rouersant. Like glorie, bv like traiinili happened lo the worthies of
the worlde, as to lupiter of Crete (reported fine times to haue surueied the whole worlde)
and to hi", twoo sonnes Dionisius (otherwise called Bacchus) and Hercules the mighlic
Likewise to Theseus and lason, and the rest of that \oiage. To the vnlucky sailer Vlisses,
and to the lianislied Kneas, to Cyrus, Xerxes, and Alexander the (ireate, to Ilanniballe and
Mithridate, kyng ul' Pontus, reported .iblt- to spcake fitlic sodrie languages, to Antiochiis,
the greate and innumerable Princes of lloome, bothe of the Scipioes, Marii, and Lentult.
To Pomjicius the greate, to luiius Co.ir, Octauian, and AugU!»tiis, lo the Constantine*.
Charles, Conradcs, Hcrickcs, and Frediriikcs. Whithcail l)y ihiir cxploiifcs Npon sfraimgc
nacions, haue gotten their immort.ill and cuerlastyng rcnoumc. W'lu-rcrore, scyng there
is in the knrjwlcdge of peoples, & of their mani'rs and Carions, -.o grc:ite pleasure and
profile, and cucry man cannot, vea, fewe men will, go traucil'' the coinitries thcmseliies :
me thinkes gentill reader, thou oughtest with nuiche ihankc to reievuo at my liande thest'
bookes of the maners and facions of peoples most uotabh^ and r.iniou>i, tog\ iIut with ilie
places whichc ihei enhabite: And with no lesse cherelnlncs lo embrase tlieim, then if
beyng ledde on my handc from c.uintrov to countrcv, 1 should povnct the at eye, how cuerv
people liucth, and where they haue dwdle, and at diis liiiye doe. let it not mouc the,

let

::t' ^

3 illumine the

Ireland, Den-
rsica, Sardinia,
I subtilties, in-

and facions of
ces, and Rites,
h selues to the
hipper of him,
istyng blcssed-

be ledde farrc
arge Win owne
, annoy ochonc

another : yea,

out. Wherof
weth the name
or reported of
:dp;e and expe-
e (as it is well
e, their father,
leir sauftie and

theim for ex-
;9, to estraunfi;e
euen from the
me, authoritie,

warrc, to ad-
taines. Siiche
lenes, Aristip-
* tratiaileH wan
imed Socratici,
■hosyng name
■niorio, Minois
ICO and Solon
lewcs, and Za-
lot their know-
oole wise, the
with who thci
I he worthies of
whole worlde,^
1 the mighlie

sailer Vlisses,
lanniballe and

to Antioehiis,
, and Lcntiili.

Constantines,
\|)()n straiiiim'
, seyiij; there

pleasure and
1 themseliips :
y liande these
. iher with the
lieitn, iheii if
yc, how eiiery
not moiic the,
lei

OF THE AUTHOUR.

let it not withdrawe the, if any cankered reprehendour of other mens doynges shall saie
vnto the : It is a thyng hath bene written of, many yeares agone, and that by a thousand
sondry menne, and yet he but borowyng their woorde.s, bryngeth it foorthe for a mayden
booke, and nameth it his owne. For "if thou well considre my trade, thou shalt fynd, that
I haiie not only brought thee other mennes olde store, but opened thee also the treasury
of myne owne witte and bokes, not euery where to be found, and like a libcrall feaster
haue set before thee murh of myne owne, and many thynges newe. Farewell and thankc-
I'ullv take that, that with labour is brought thee.

y.;l

Tin:

r J

» *

II 'ih

1 1 'i., .'

f 1^^

<♦ 1.

THE

FARDLE OF FACIONS

OONTklNtNO

THE AUNCIENTE MANERS, CUSTOMES AND LAWES,

OF THE

PEOPLES ENHABITING THE TWO PARTES OF THE EARTH,

CALLED

AFFIUCKE AND ASIE.

AFFIUKE.

%. The first Chapiter.
H The true opinion of the dciiine, concernyng the bcginnyng of man.

Wllcn Cml had in. V. daics made pcrfecic the heauens and the earth, and the furniture of
bothe: whicho the Latines for the goodlinesse and hcautie thereof, call .Vluiuius, and wt- (I
knowc not for what reason) haue named the worlde: the sixth daie, to the enteiif there
mi"hte be one to enioye, and be Lorde ouer all, he made the moste notable creature Man.
One that of all earthly creatures alone, is endowed with a mynde, ami spirit from alouc. And
he gaue him to name, Adam : accordyng to the colour of the niolde h- was made of. Then
dravvyng out of his side the woman, whilest he slept, to thende he should not be alone, kniitc
her vntn hym, as an vnscparable coinjiaisjinion. and therwitli placcil them in the m<-t«' plea-
sauut plot of tlu- e.irth, fostered to llnuri-^he with the moisture of lioudes on ciiery ]'arte.
The place f r the fress!ie griencssc and mcrie siicwe, tlu- (irrques name Paradisos. There
Ivucd thcv a wlivie a moste blessed life without blcamislic <i|' wd, the earth dI' the own ac-
corJe Ijrinfjinn forth all thing. Hut when they mics had lransi;ressed the i>recei'te, they ware
banv sued ih:ii enlia'iilamice of pleasure and drincn tn sliift '''<■ world. And fro thencolorth
the !i;raciousne< . f tlie earth was aUo abated, & the francke reiiilitie therof so withilrawoii,
that la! our .uhI • weiie, now wan lesso a furcate dcaie, tlu i) \il'e lokvim on before tyme h.id
done. Sliortiy cr •> t- in ^irkencs, and disease-, and the bnviin!; hcate •■. 1 the nippii^i; cold
began to assaile tiieir b(i(l>es. Their (ir.^t soniie was Ca\ih, and tiio seconde Abcll, aiul then
mars otiicr. .\nd as ih wrld <;rew<- into ycares, and the tarth began to waxe thicke peo-
pled, loke as the nombre did cntrcace, so vices grew on, and their lyuing decaicd euer into

woors.

t i

» «

. ^

Wit

•I'

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS.

Affrikr.

wooru. For giltclcssc dealyng, wroiijj canic in nlare, for deuoiitonrMe, cufemple of the
Goddes, and so fnrrc oiitra;i{cd their wickedncs, that (iod skarrely fyiidyng one iiiste Noha
on the earth (whom lie Haiicd, with his luuHhidde, to repayre the losse of mankind and rc-
plcnysshe the worldc) sente a (huido vniuerj^all, whichc roucring all vnder water, killed all
fleshe that bare lyfe vnpoii earth, cxccptf a fewc hca^tes birdes, and wormen that ware prc-
Acrned in the mistical! arke, In the endc of fine Moiicthcs n fire the (loiide began, the Arque
touched on the mofiteines of Arinrnia. And within foiirc Monethcs afire, Noas and nil his
beyng restored to the earth, with (i(>dde>» furiheraunce in shortc spare repeopled the worlde.
And to thende the same myghte eiicry whoare a;;aiii be cnhiibiicd, he dispersed his yssiic
and kyndredcs into .sondric coastes. Alter Bcrosus o])vnion he >entCham oiherwyse, named
Cameses and Chamescnnus with his < Ispring, into Knipte. Inio l.ybia and Cirene, Triton.
And into the wiiolc rcsidcwe of AUrike the ancient lapctus called Attains l'ri«.ciis, (iannics he
sent into Kaste Asia with certeinc cf the sonnes of Cdmerns (iailus. And into Anibia liic
fertile, one Sabns, sirnamed Thiirifir. Oner Arabia the Waaste he made Aralnis gonernoiir,
and I'ctreius oner I'elrea. He gane vnfn Canaan, all that Ivelh Iro Damasco to the ontemost
bordrc of Palestine. In Kurope he niaJe Tni'co king of .S.irniali;i /rom the flonde of I'anais
vnto tlu* llhene. And there were ioyned vnto him all the stonnes of Istrus, and >f 'sn, with
their brethren, fro the nuumteyne of Adiila to Me«cniberi.t poiiliea. .Vrchadiiis.ind I.inalhius
gonerncd flic Tiri;ities, Comcrus (ialins, hal Italic and Frannee, Samoihe-, Urifcifjir and
Normandie, and liib.il, S|jayne. 'I'liat spiediiand vnripi- putty ng l.rihc of the rl)il(lr<ii from
their progeniiours, before they had tliri iigldv learned and cnurcl iheiii seines wii!i ilieir
facions .in<l nianers, was t lie cause of all t c iliiier«ilie that alter ensued. For f 'ham, b. the
reason of his naughty dcmeaiK iir towardc his fiilicr, beyng coitstrayned to dc|)arie with his
wyfc and hy» chyldren, planted him sellV in that |)arte of .\rabia, that alter was (died by
his name. An'l.lel'te no trade of religidii to his pisii -itic, because he none had le.irn<il of
his father. W'herof it came to passe, that when in pic>ce->c of Ivinc they w.ire eurci-cd to
to many for that londe : beyng sent out as it ware, sw:irnu- afire sw.irme into other habit, iiion-*
and >katere<l at length into sondrv p;irics of the wdrlde i.r<ir this hnnvsohcd progciu jjrewe
abouc measure) some fel into crrours whcrout thci c<'idd nciuT vn«narle thein-elues. The
tongue gan to .litre & the kiujwledge of the true (iod and .ill godlie wor-shippe vanished
out of mind. Inso rnuche that some liiietl >.ii wihiely (as afire thou >\yA\ here) that it ware
harde to discerne a dilference l.elwi\te them and the lica«.t«'s of iNe (elde. Thei that (lieti-d
into Kgipf, wonderyng at the leautie and < curse of the Sonne, & the .Moonr, as though there
had iiecn in ihem a power deuine, be^an to worship them .is (iiidde>> : c.illyiig llie lc>se, lsi.s
and the bigger Osiris. To Iui)itcr also thei Sac rificed. & did honour a> to ? principall of
life. To N'ulcan for fire, to I'allas, as Lady of the skie, to Ceres as goucriure^e of the
arth, audio sondrv other for other soiidry considerations. Nevthcr staled that darkenesM-
(li iniiiuitie in Ivgipte alone, but where mi euer the pro^cuv ol Chain stepte in (roin the
begvi.iniig, llierc fell true godlincs, all cute of minde and .ilioila;;e to the (Iciiell enired his
pinie. .\iitl tl-rrc ncuer wa-. countrie, mother of moe swarines of p«'ople, then that part
of .\r,ibia, tiial he, and his, chase to be theirs. So greate a mischicl diil the \nl\mel\ b.v
nishcmcnte rjf mie luanne, bring to the whole. Colrarilv tl e progenie of I.ipheih, and
Sciii, brought \|) to full vcres viulre their elclirs, and rightlv cii-triu ted ; conieiiivng the
seines with a lille i irciiile, straied not so wide as this hrniiier hail dcin. W'Ik rebv it i lijunced
that the /.tale of the Inithe, (I meaneof good liu_\ng and true wcr-hippe of one oncK Ciod )
remained as hid<len in one oiiel) people, vniill the ivme of .Messias.

•[ The sccondc Cha|)ilre.
^ The false opinion of the Phi!oso])hre concern) ng the begynnyng of man.

HV't the annciente Philosophers, whiche without knowledge of (!od, ami his truihe, maiiv
yores ago, wrate vpon the natures of thinges, and thisiories of times h.id another opinion of
the originall of man. For certain of them, bclicucd the worlde euer to haue l:een, and that

euer

->. . -_"'■■ T'l'i* i^ii^ In rr.:

itempte of the
one iiiHte Nohn
inkiiul nnd rc-
rnttT, killed all
that ware pre-
lan, the Arqiie
oa.4 and nil hi:*
led the worlile.
rsed his yssiic
erwyse, named
^irene, Triton,
rtis, (iniVH;e'» he
ltd Anbia the
l)iis ifoiiernour,
the oiitemost
oiiile of 'i'aiiiiis
ii)(l >fi'>*a, with
N.-iiiil I.Kialliius
Hrif('i);;ie ami
rliiliiren Irom
!iie.>i \vil!i lix'ir
rf'ham, l)> ilie
c|>:irte with his
wa< cilled Ijv
\\-m\ learned ot
•(■ ivu re.ist'd to
her hal)il.Mi(in'<
iroficnx j;rt'\vc
in^elues. I'he
ii|)|)e vaiiixlu'd
•) that it ware
hei that fiieteil
IS thi'iu;h there
; the lesie, Isis
5 prineipall of
neresse of the
lal (larkenesM-
le ill Irom the
11(11 entrcd hi'«
hell tliat part
Ml I \ me I V ba-
lapheth, and
inleiilyn;; thi-
h\ it ehaiind'd
le uiielv Ciod )

I man.

■i Iriiihe, many
her (:|)inion of
l:een, and that
euer

jtjf)<ike. niAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

euer It should be, and man together with it to haue had no bej{innynK. Ceiiaine did holde
that it had a bejiinnyng, and an ende it nhould haue, and a time to haue been, when man
was not. For saic thei, the bcgynner of thyngcs visible, wrapped vp bothe heauen and earth
at one iiwiant, togither in one paterno, and so a distinction growyng on betwixte thcMo
mcynte bodicn, the worldc to haue bcgon in suchc ordre an we sec. The aire by nature to
be eotinually moiiyng, and the mostc firic parte of thesame, for the lightencsse thereof,
inoste highe'to haue climbed. So that sonne and Moone, and the platietes all, participatyng
of the nature of that lighter substaunec : nioue «o muche the faster, in how niurhe thci are
of the more subtile parte. But that whiehe was mixed with waterie moisture, to haue rested
in the plaee, for the heauinesse therof, and of the watery partes, the sea to haue roincn :
nnd the matier more conipactc to haue passed into a clammincsse /irste, and so into earth.
This earth then brought by ^ hcatc of the sonne into a more fastencsse. And after by the
same power pulled and swollen in the v|)pcrniostc parte, there gathered manye humours
in soiidry places, which drawing to ripenesse enclosed them selues in «*lymcs and in lllmes,
as in the maresses of Kgipt, and other stondyngc waters we often se happen. And scyngr
the heate of thaicr sokyngly warmeth the cold groud and hcatc ineint with moisture is apt
to engendrc : it came to "passe by the gentle moisture of the night aire, and the com-
forting heate of the dale sonne, that those humours so riped, drawyng vjj to the rinde of
thearth, as though their tyme of childbirthc ware come, brake out of their filmes, and de-
liuered vpon the earth all maner of liuyng thinges. Kmog whiehe those that had in the
inoste heate, became foulcs into the aire: those that ware of nature more earthie, became
wormesand beaslesofsondric kindes : and where watcrsiirmounted, thei drewc totlicclementcof
their kinde, and had to name fishes. But alterwarde the earth beyng more parched by the
heate of the Sonne, and the cirouthe of the windes, ceased to bring furthe any mo greate
beastes: and those that ware already brought furthe, (sale thci) mainteined, and entreased
by mutiiallc engendrure, the variclie, and nombre. And they arc of opinion that in the
.same wise, men ware cngcndred in the beginning. And as nature puttc them forth emong
other beasies, so liued they at the first an vnknowen lyfe wyldely emong them, vpon the
fruicies, aiul the herbes of the fieldes. But the beastes aftre a while waxing noysome vnto
them, they ware forced in commune for echcothers sauftie to drawe into companies to resiste
their anoyaunce, one helping another, and to sieke places to make their abiding in. And
where at ihefirste their speache was confuse, by litle and litle they sayed it drewe to a dis-
tinctenesse, and pcrleinhtc dift'erence : in sorte that they ware able to gyue name to all
thinges. But for that they ware diuersely sparckled in diuers partes of the Wdrlde, they holde
also that their speache wa.'* as diuers and different. And herof to haue aftreward ri.sen the
diucrsitic of lettres. And as they firste assembled into bandes, so euery baiide to haue
brotightc forthe his nacion. But these men at the firste voide of all heipe and experience
of liuyng, ware bittrely pinched with hongre and colde, before thei could learne to resenic
the superfluous plenty of the Somer, to supply the lacke nf Winters barreinessc, whose
bitter blastes, and hogrie pinynges, consumed many of them. Whiehe thing whe by expe-
riecc dere bought, thei had learned : thei soughte bothe for Caues to defende them fro colde,
and began to hourde fruietes. Then happc foud out fire, and reason gauc rule of profile,
and disprofite, and neeessitie toke in hand to sette witle to schoole. Who "jatheryng know-
ledge, and perreiuyng hymself to haue a helpeof his senres, more skilfnll then he thought,
i.«'t hande a woorke, and practised ronnyng, to siipplie all defaultes, whi( he toguc and let-
tres (lid enlarge and distribute abrodc.

THKI that had this o|)inion of the originall of mannc, and ascribed not the same to the
prouiilence of (Jod, affirmed the lithopicns to haue bene the firste of all iiinine. For thei
ronieetured that the ground of that countrie lyng niercst the heates of the Sonne imi,t<'
p"des first of all other waxc warmc. And the earth at that tyme beyng but clamniic and
».olte, throunh the atiemperaunce of that moysturc and heate, man there first to haue bene
fourmed, and there to haue gladlier enhabited (asnatiuc and naturall vnto him) then in any
other place, who all places ware as yet straunge, and vnknowen, whiehe aftre men soughte.

vol.. V. 1, Beginin ng

I'' it

, )

*'«f

' It

•fi

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

4tr>''kf.

Dcglnnyng thcrforc at thfiti, odtcr I haiie •hewed how the wnrlde it (Icuiiled into thre parte*
(n!4.il«o thin trcatine of myne) and haiie »p«ken a lille of Auhriqur, I wyll ihewc the hI-
tiincion of Acihiope, and the mnnen of that people, ,nnd to Torlhe uf al other regions and
peoplet, with auche diligence a« wc can.

5f The thirde Chapitrc.
1 The deiiiaion and limitca of the F.nrthc.

THo'«o that hauc lienc before our daies, (aa Oroiius writeth ) are of opinion, that the cir-
fuitc of the earth, bordered about with the OcceanSen; disroundyn^; hym aeif, Nhonicih
mit thre corner wine, and iv al»<o druidcd into thre scnerall partm, Afrikc, Anie, and Kuropc.
Afrikc is parted from Asic with the floiidc of Nilii'*, whii lie loniynjc fro the Southe, ronnrth
lhrou};h Ethiope into K>{'l"**> where gently Hhcadyng hymwelf oucr hia banique*, he Icaueth
in the countric a mcrueilcuH fcrtilitir, and p.u>iielh into the tnidiMe earth nea, with Meiien
armeM. From Europe it i>< seperatc with the middle earth Mca, whiihe bfj;innyng fro the
Ocrean aroreMaiccI : at the Ulande of Gadcii, and the pileurn of Hcrculci', patHclh not tennu
mile* oucr. But further cntryng in, flemeth to haue ahooued of the n)ui);tie laiulc on boihe
Nideo, iK: wo to hauc won a more largencMAc. Asie ii dcuided from Europe, with TanaiN iho
floude, whiche romyn^ fro the North, ronncth into the man«hc uf McoIia almoHic midwiiie,
and there sinrking himself, leaueih the marshc and I'ontuH FaiNinuH, for the rc^t of (lie
bouiule. And to relourne to Afrike again, the same haiiyng Niiim ;w I kuied on the EaMte,
and on all other pnrtex, bounded with the itea, \» shorter llien Europe, but broader towardc
theOccean, where it riacth into mountei^nv. And ahoryng towardc the WeMe, by title and
lille waxeth more Kireighte, and cometh at thende to a narowc poinclc. Aitmuehe a^ i* en-
hubile«l therof, iti a plentiious Hoilc, but the great parte of it lieth waste, voide of enhubi-
taunten, either to whote for mcnnc to abide, or full of noisome and vcnemous vcrminc, and
benstes, or elles so wheltned in »ande & grauell, that there i* nothing but mere barrcincHMC.
Tlu' sea that lieth on the Norihe piirte, in called Libirum, that on the Southe Acthiopicum,
and the nther on the West Allanlicum.

AT the first the whole was pusttest by fowcr sondric pctiplcs. Of the whit he, twaine (as
Hen diilus writeth) ware foundc there, tyme out of tninde, and the other twaine ware uli-
enes and inrommes. The two of ronlinuance, ware the I'ucnj.and Ethiopes, whiche dwelle,
the one al the Northe of the landc, the other ut the South. The Alicnes, the Phoenieci*, the
(irekes, the old Ethiopians, and the Acgipcianes, if it be true that thei report of th«sclucs.
Al the beginnyng thei ware sterne, and vnruly, and bruteshely lined, with herbcs und with
(ieshe of wilde beastes, without lawe or rule, or faciO of life, roilyng and rowmyng \pon
hcide, heather and thelher without place of abode, where night came vpon them, there
l.iiyng their bodies to reste. Aftrewardc (as thei saie) Hercules passyng the seas out of
Spaino, into Libie (a countrie on the Northe shore of Afrike) and bringyng an ouerplus of
people thence with hym, somewhat bettre facioncd and munered then thei, trained them to
miu'he more humanilie. And of j troiighes thei came ouer in, made themselues coiagcs, and
began to plantc in plompes one by another. But of these ihiiiges wc shall spcake here altrc
mere at large.

Afrike is not in cuery place a like enhabited. For t w-id the Southe it lieth for the moste
pirt wa>itc, aiul vnpeo|)le(l, for the broilyng hcatc o; that quutre. But the part that liclh
oner against Europe, is verie well enhabited. The frtitv fulnessc of the soile is excedy ng, and
to muche mcrucillnus . as in some places bringyng the hi<^de with a hundred foldc em rea.se.
It is straunge to bclcuc, that is saied of the gcxnlnesse of the soile of the Moores. The stotke
of their vines to be more then two menne can fsdome, and their cliuistcrs of Grapes to be
a cubitc long. The coronettes of their Pasnepes, and (iardeiii T'listles (whiche we calle
ilortichokcH) as also of their Fenelle, to be tweluc Cubites coinpa-<>e. Thei haue Cannes
like vnto those of India, whiche may eontein in the cupasse of the knot, or iointe, the mea-
sure of ij. buithelles. Ther be sene also Sparagi, of no le.sse notable biggucnetise. Toward

the

to thre partn
•hcwc the Hi-
' rcgioiu oiul

I, that the rir-

iCir, NhdOlCtll

', and Knr()i»c.
)utlic, ronnrtli
CD, hr Icaiielh
a, will) Hciieii
nyuj( fro Che
NCiK not icnnu
ai\Uc nn boihe
Mth Tanain the
loHtc midwiiif,
R" rr«l of (lie

on ihc UuHir,
•oadcr towardc
Ir, by iillo and
uchc M is cn-
ide c>r rnhubi-
) vrrminc, and
re l)arrcincH«4',

Aciliiopicum,

he, Iwaine (a«
aint' ware .ili-
hithe dwfltc,
hccniccH, titc
(>r thei*cluc!4.
rrbcH and with
owniynjj vpon
thiin, JIktc
\c Bcas out of
n ouerpluK of
ined them to
cotagcs, and
ike here atirc

4/f'nke.

TRAFFIQIII'S. AND DISCOUERIRS.

I'l

for tlic mosff
jart that licih
xccdynj;, and
Ide em rea.sf.
The litucke
Grapci to be
lichc we callc
haue Cannes
)inte, the mea-
cttse. Toward
the

the mounlc Allan tree* bee founde of a wnndrefull heigth. Jtmothe, and without knaKRue
or knolte vp to the hard toppe, hauynR Icaucsi like the Cynre*. hut of a I other the mostr
noble CitruK, wherof the Homiiinei* mode grenle dcintie. AflVike hnth aI*o many Hondrin
beaitrn and Drauoneft that Ive in owaite for the beante*, and when thci iee time. «n be
wrappe and wreathe them abonte. that takvnK fro theim the vnc of theirioynrten, thcj
wearie them and kille thcim. There ore Elcphantes. Lyon«. Bii^lei., Pardales. Roen. and
Anen, in nome plaren beyonde nomi)rc. There ore alxo Chamclopardale* and Rhi/.en, like
vnto Biille* llcrodotr writeth, that there be founde Atwen with homes, Hiena^ PoriM'tines
wilde Hambrs, a beatt enj,'cnilered of the Hiene and the Woulfe named Thoas, I'anthcrcs,
Storckes, OiMfruthes. and many kinde* of Herpente<«, as Cerastes, and Aspidefi, against whom
nature hath matched the Ichneumon (a vcrie littlo beast) a* a mortall cncmic.

1 The. iiij. Chapitre.

% Of Ethiope, and the auncient maners of that nation. Cap. iiil.

TWo counlreien there ware of that name Oucrlanders, and Netherlander*. The one ner-
taynyng to Aphrique, the other tn Xk'iv, The one whiche at this dale is called Inde, nath
un the cattt the retlde sea, and the nea named Barbaricum, on the northe it toucheth v|>on
Ejjyptp, and vpon that Mbic that Htandeth on the vtter border of Afrike toward the sea. On
the west it is bounded with the oilier Libie that otitdeth more into the mayne londe. The
residue that runneth toward the soiiih, ioyneth vpon the netherlnnd F.thiope, whiche lyeth
more Houlherly, and is miiche greater. It is thought that these Kthiopes tokc name of
F.lhiopiis Viilcanes sonne, th.tt (as Plinic saielh) w.ii goucrnour there. Or els of the (ireke
wordes aythonand ops, whcrfcf the former sijjnilielh to broyle, or to bourne vp with heaie,
and the other, in the eye orsinhf. Whiche shewrth in ed'ecte, that the countreie lyenf(intheeye
oflhe Sonne, it must ni-des be of hc.ite almost importable. As in diede it lyeth in the full course
of the Sonne, and is in coniiiiuall he.ite. Toward the weast it is hilly, in the middes frrauell
and saiide, and on the easte waste and deserte. There be in it dyuers peoples of sondrv
uhisonomy and shape, monstriious and of hugly shewe. They are thought (anlsaied) tin
haue bene the fynt of all men, and those whiche of all other maye truelyest be called an
hotneborne people. Neuer vnder the bondage of any ; but euer a free nacion. The first
waie of worshippyng (iod (say thei) wasdeuised and taught emonge theim : with the manera
and ceremonies there to appcrlinent. They had two kyndes of letters, one, whiche ware
knowen onely to their priestes for matters of Religion, whiche they called misticall, and
another for the vse of the people hidden fro none. Yeat ware not their Letters facioned
to ioyne together in sillables like ours, but Ziphres, and shapes of men and of beasteo, of
heades, and of armes, and artificers tonles, whiche signified in sondrie wise echonc accordyng
to his propertie. ,\s by the picture of an h.iukc swiftencs and spiede, by the shape of a cro-
codile displeasure or misfortune, by the figure of an eye, good watche or regarde, and n<*
forihe of other. Kmong their priestes, loke whome they sawe utarllc aboute as haulfe wood
him did they iudge of all other mooste holy, and making him their king, they fall downe
and worship him, as thought' there ware in him a (indhead, or as thoughe at the least he
ware by gmldcs prouidence f^iiien them. This king for al that, inu«t be gouerned by the
l.iwe, and is boundc to all thinges after thordre of the conlry. He his selle maye neither
punishe or guerdon any manne. Rut h>ke vpon whome he wyl haue execucion done, he
sendeth the minister appoincted for the purpose, to the person with a token of deathe: whiche
when he hath shewed, the ollicier relourneth, and the pcreone what soeuerhebe, incontinent
fordueth him self. So greatly ware they giuen to thee honour of their kynges, siiche a fer-
ucncie had they towarde them, that if it fortuned the king through any mishap, to be maymcd
or hurtc in any parte of his bodye, as many as w:«re towarde him, namely of householde,
voluntarily wouldc giue them selues the lyke hurt, thincking it an vnsitting thing the kynge
to lacke an eye or th« vse of a legge, and his frindes neither to halt, ne yet to lackc parte of

L S . ' their

,11
r

-■^ - - .

■I

If' I;

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

4ffiike.

ilieir sight. Thei sny it is the manier also, that when the king dieth, hia fricndes should
wilfully dispatche theim selues and die with hym, for this compte they glorious and a testi-
mony of very frendship. The moste part of them, for that they lye so vndcr the Sonne,
go naked: couering their priuitics with shiepes tayles. But a feawe of them are clad with
the rawe felles of beastcs. Some make them brieches of the heares of their heades vp to
the waestc. They are comonly brieders and grasiers in commune together. Their shepe
be of very small body, and of a harde & roughe coate. Their dogges also are neuer a whitte
bigger, but thci arc fierce and hardie. They haue good store of gromel and barly, wherof
ihey vsc to ma' e drincke. All other graine and fruicles thei lackc, excepte it be dates whiche
also are verve skante. Some of them lyue with herbes and the tender rootes of Cannes or
Kiedcs. Other cate flesshe, milke, and chese. Meroe, was in time past the heade citie of
the kyngdome, whiche stondcth in an Isle of the same name facioncd like . m ielde, stretchin!;
it scllc thre thousand furlong alongest by Nilus. Aboute that Islandc do iiie cattle master;*
dwcllo, and are muche giuen to hunting, and those that be occupied with tilthe of the
groiKle h.'iiie nl.no mines of gold. Herodotus writeth that thcthiopians named Macrobij, do
more estiemc latten then thei do golde whiche thei put to nothyng that thei copt of any
price. In so muche that the Ambassadours of Cambises, when thei came thether, found
the prisoners in the gaole fetlred and tied with Chaines of golde. Some of theim sowe a
kinde of graine called Sesamus, and other the delicate Loiho. Thci haue greate plenty of
IFebcnum, awoode muche like Guai.icum, and of Siliquastrum. Thei hunle Hlephnntesand
kyli them to eafe. There be Lions, Khinocerotcs, Basiiiskes, Par<lale«, and Dragone«, whiche
I said enwrappe thelepbauntes, and sucke them to de.itli, for their blonde. Ihere be
found the precious stones called the lacinthe, and the I'rasne. There is also cinamome
gathered. Thci occupie bowes of woode seasoned in the (ire, of foure cubites log. Wo-
men be also trayned to the warres, and haue for the moste parte a ring of latton hanging
throughe their lippe. Certeine of theim worshippe the Sonne at his vprij-ste, and oirse him
moste biltrely at his doune gate. Diners of the throwe their dead into Kiuers. other cofer
them vp in earthen cofres, some enclose them in glasse, and kepe them in their houses a
yeare, and in the meane season worship them deuoully, and oflTre vnto them the first of all
their encreace. In the naming of a newc king, they glue iher voice chiefly to him that is
moste goodly of stature, mosie conning in brieding of cattle, and of strengthe and sub-
.•itaunce passing the reast. The lawe hath bene, that the priestes of .Nfcmphis shoulde haue
the aufthoritie to sende the Kinge the token of deathe, & to set vp another in the pl.icc of
the (Itade, whome they thoughte good. They haue an opinion that ther are two Godiles,
one imniiTlall, by whome all thinges haue their beginning, and continuaunoc vnder his go-
\icrncnicnt. and another mortall, and he is vncerteine. Their king, and him that best de-
scniclh of the city next vnto him, they honour as Goddcs. This was the state of Fthiopc
from the beginning, and many yeares sence.

B\ r at this «hiye as mync Authour Sabellicus saieth y he learned of those that are enha-
bitantcs in v lontrcy : The king of Ethiope (whome we commonlv calle I'retoianes or I'res-
bitcr Ihon) !« a man of suche power, that he is reported to haue vn<lre him thre skore ami
two other kinucs. If the heade Hysshoppes of the Realmc desire to do, or to haue aiighfc
(I'lne, ai is referred vnto him. Of him be giuen al benefices, and spiritir.il promocions, which
l)riT(>i:;itiiic tlic I'opc hath giuen, to the maiesiie of kinges. Yet is he !iim selfe no priest,
lie hath am manor of ordres. There is of .\rchebisshoppes (th.it is to say of superiour ami
head bisshopix's) a great nombre, whiche haue cuery one vndre them at t'"e least Iwcniv
other. The I'rinres, Dukes, Karles, and Lead Bisshoppes, and suche other of like dij;niiie,
»v!ien tiiey t cmc abrode, haue a rrosse, & a bnsine of golde filled ful c f carthe caricd before
them : that thone maye put them in remembraunce that eartli into earth must again be rr-
solued, and y other reocwe the memory of Christes suffering. Their priestes to hnui' yssuc.
mary one wyfe, but she ones beyng dead, it is vnlawfull to marv another. The temples ^
churches ther, are muche larger, much richer, and more gorgeous then ours, for the mosfr
part voulted Ird the floore to the toppe. Thev haue many ordres of deuoul men, i;io« he

4ffiike.

■icndes should
lus and a testi-
er the Sonne,
are clad with
r heades vp to
Their shepe
neuer a whittc
I barly, wheroF
)e dates whichc
9 of Cannes or
heade citie of
:Ide, stretchini?
cattle master:*
h liithe of the
d Macrobij, do
lei copt of any
thether, found
r theiin sowo a
rente plenty of
Klephantesand
'aj;one>i, whirhc
iide. rhcrc bo
also cinamome
litC"' log. Wo-
latton han^'ng
, and rnrse him
ers. other cofrr
\ their house-* a
n the first of all
V to him that is
jjthe and sub-
is shoulde haue
in the plarc of
re two (fodile-',
vnder his go-
that best de-
itate of Ethiopc

that are cnlia-
toiane-* or I'n-s-
thre sknre and
to haiie aui^htc
)m<icionx, which
eUc no i)ricst,
f superiour and
least twenty
if like di).iiiilie,
10 oariod beforo
1st aj!;ain bo rc-
s toh:uio yssuf.
The temples \:
*, for the m(i><tr
ul men, morlic
liki

Affrike.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

like to our ordres fif Religious : as the ordre of S. Anthony, Dommique, CalaguritanI, Ah-
eustines and Machareanes, whiche are bound to no colour but wcare some suche one as
Tharchebysshoppe shall allowe. Next vnto the supreame and souercigne GOD, and Mary
the virgin his mother, they haue moste in honour Thomas sirnamed Didimus. Tins Kmg,
of all other the worthiest, whome they call Gias (a name giuen him of his mightinesse and
power) is of the bloud of Dauid, continued from one generation to another (as they aro
perswaded) by so many yeres of successio. And he is not as the moste of the Ethiopians
are blacke, but white. Garama the chiefe citie, and as we tcrmc it the chsibre of the king,
stondeth not bv building of masonrie, & carpcntrie as ours, but strieted with tcntes and pa-
uilions placedin "ood ordre, of veluet and satcn, cmbraudcd with silkes and purples of
many diners sortesT By an auncient ordre of the realme, the king liueth eucr in presence
and sighte of his people, and ncuor soiourneth within the walles aboiie two daies. Either
for that they iiidge it an vncomcly thing, and a token of ilclicatc slouthfulnes, or eilos for
that some lawe doth forbid it. His army in the warres is ten hundred thousande men, fiue
hundred Elephantes, and horses, and Caincles, a wonderfull nomber, and this is but a moane
preparacion. Ther are throuj;hcout the whole naoion certeine houses and stockes, that are
pt'cionaries at armes, whose issue is as it ware branded with the marcke of the crossc, \j
skinne beyng pretely slitte. Thei vse in the warres, Bowe, Pique, Habregeon, and helmette.
Their highest dignitie is priesthode, \j next, thordre of the Sages, whiche thei cal Balsamates,
and Taqnates. They attribute moche also to the giltelesse and vprighte dealing man, whiche
vertue they estieme as the lirste staler toclimbe to ^ dignitie of the sages. The nobilitie
hath the thirde place of <li<;nitio, and the pecionaries aforesaid, the fourthe. Whc the iudges
haue giuen sentence of life, or of deathe, the sentence is brought to the headboraugh of
the Citie (whom we call the Mayour) and they Licomegia : he supplicth the place of the
Kin". Lawes written thei occupy none, but iudge accordyng to reason and cosciencc. If
any man be com.iict of adultcrie he forfeicteth the fourtieth parte of his goodes, but tha-
dultercsse is punished at homo, according to the discretion of the partie offended. The
men giue dowrie to those whom thei mary withal, but not to those y thei purchase besides.
Their womens attire is of Golde, (whereof that country hathe plentie) of pearlc, and of
Sarsonelte. Bothe men and women are apparelled in long garmentes downe to the foote,
slieued, and riose rounde about of al manor of colours, saui;.^ only blacke for that in that
contrv is proper for morning. They bcwaile their dead. xl. daies space. In bancquettes of
honour, in the place of our fniicto (which the latino calleth the seconde ooorde) they seruc
in rawo (lo^she very finely minced and spiced, whervpo the gestos fiode \ cry licoiiricel\ .
They hano no manor of wollon wobbe, but aro eytlier tlacldc in sarsencttcs, or in linneii
One maiKT of spoache seriieth not througheout the whole contry, but sondry & diuerso,
aswcl in phrase as >n namlg of thinges. Thei haue twise in the yore haruost, and twise iti
the yore somer. These Ethiopians or Indiancs excepted, al the reste of the people of Libia
Westward, are worshippers of Mahomet, and line aftre the same sortc ia maner, that y Bar-
baricns do in Egipte at this present, and are called Maures, or Mooros, as I thincke of their
outleapes and wilde rowming. For that people was no Icsse noysome to Lybie in tho^c
cursed fymos (wiion so greato mutacion of thinges happened, when peoples warcsochaungcd.
suche alteration of seniico, and religion broughtc in, and so many newe names giuen viUu
contries) then the Sarascns ware.

f The. V. Chapiter.

H Of .\e 'ipte, and the auncient manors of that people.

AF.nipie i> a Countrie liyng in .Ml'rike, w as some hold opinio, bordervng (hervpu, s-i
nanu'il ol Ai-iipiiis, Danaus brother, where afore it was called Acria. Tliis .Vegipte (as
I'linio rccordelii in his fiuoth boko) touchcth on the East, vpp( ;) the rodde Sea, and the iaml
of Palestine. On the West fr infcth vpon Cirene, and the residue of AtVike. On the .South
it stretchelh to .\cthiope : And on the Northo is ended with the sea, to whom it giucth name.

The

I ■ ,

i' ■'

^" .' I

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

4ff<'Hie.

The notable Cities of that Countric, ware in tynie past, Thebes, Abydos, Alexandric,
Babilon, and Memphis, at this daie called Damiate, alias Chairus or Alkair, and the seate of
the Solda, a citie of notable largenesse. In Acgipt as Plato affirmeth, it was neuer sene rain.
But Nilus suppliyng that defaultc, yercly aboute saincte Barnabies tide, with his ouerflowynges
maketh the soile fertile. It i* nombrcd of the moste parte of writers, emong the Islandes:
For that Nilus so parteth hymj^elf aboute it, that he facioneih it triangle wise.

The Acgiptians firstc of all other, dcuised the names of the twelue Goddes, builte vp
Altares and fma^'cs, erected Chappelles, and Temples, and graued in stone the similitude
of many sondrie beastes. All whiche their doynges, dooe manifestly make, that thei came
of the Aethiopcs, who (as Diodorc the Sicilian saieth) ware the firste inuentours of all these.
Their women in old tymc, had all the trade of occupiyng, and brokage abrode, and reuelled
at the Tauerne, and kcpte lustie chierc : And the men satteat home spinnyng.andwoorkyng
of Lace, and suche other thynges as women are wonte. The men bare their burdeins on
the heade, the women on the shulder. In the easemente of vrine, the men rowked doune,
the women stoode vprightc. The easemente of ordure thei vsed at home, but commonly
feasted abrode in the stretcs. No woman tooke ordrcs, either of God, or Goddesse. Their
inaner of orclres, is not to make seuerally for euery Goddesse and God, a seuerall priest, but
al at a shuRl", in gcncrall for all. Emong the whiche, one is an heade, whose sonne en-
heritefh his roiimc l)y succession. The men children, cuen of a rustome of that people,
did with good wll kepc their fathers and mothers, but the women children (yf they refused
it) ware compelled. The moste part of men in solempne burialles, shaue their headen
;mfl let thevr be;inlrs jjrowe, but Thegiptiaiis shaued their beardes and let their heades grow.
Thcv wniight their douche with their licte, and their claye with their handes. As the Gre-
ricii" do bcieuc, t'lis people, and their ofspriiig, are they that vsed circumcision. Thei
ordrc their writyng fro their right handc towarde their left, contrary to vs. It was themaner
cmoiifje them, that the mcnne should weare two garnicntes at ones, the women but one.
As the Aethiopcs had, so learned they of them, two maner of lettres: the one seuerall to
the pricstes thother vsed in commune. Their priestes, euery thirde daye shaued their bodies,
that there might be none occasio of (ilthinesse who they shold ministre, or sacrifie. Thei
did wcare <;armentes of linneii, eucr cleane wasshed, and white : and shoes of a certeine
kindo of russhes, named Papvrus, whiche aftre became stufTe, to geue name to our paper.
They nt ithrr sette beane their seines, ne cate them where soeuer they grewe : ne the priest
m.nv not lokc vpon a beane, for that it is iudged an vncleane puis. They arc wasshed euery
daye in roldc water thrise, and euery nighte twise. The heades of their sacritices (for
that thcv vsed to curse them with many terrible woordes) did they not eate, but either the
priestes soldo tliem to such strangiers as had Ir.ide emonge them, or if there ware no suche
ready in tinie, they threwe them in to Nilus.

,\11 the Egiptians odcr in sacrifice, neither cowe, ne cowe calfe, because they are hallowed
to Isis their goddesse, but bulles, and bullc caliies, or oxen, and stieres. For their meate
thcv vse, nioehc ;i kyndc of jiaiuake inadc of r\ e mealc. For lacke of grapes they vse W) ne
mndc of P.irly. They line also with (isshe, either dru-d in the Sonne ami so eaten rawe, «)r
riles kij>l in jiikle. Tlie\ fiedc a!s>)\po hirdes, and foules, (irite sailed, and then eaten
rawe. (iu.iilc, and mallard, are not but for the richer sorte. At all solempne suppers,
when a nomber is gathered, and the tables withdraweii, some one of the company carietb
abdiite in an open case, the image of death, carucn out i^i wodde, or dnwr with the prii-
riile as nirre to the vine as is possible, i>l a cubile, or two lubites long at the moste. Who
sheuvn;^ it aboute to euery of the gcstes, saieth, loke here driiikc, and l>e merv, for afire
fli\ ciealh, sui he shall thou be. The yoiiger \ I" tliev niiete their aimcieiil, or bcitre, \pon
the waye, giuc 'licin ])lace, going somewhat aside: or yf the aunciente fortune to come in
place where they are sitting, they arise out of their seate, whcriii tliey agre with the Lacede-
monics. \\ he they niieie ii the waye, thev do retierence to eche other, bowing their bodies,
and letting fal thiir handes on their knee^. They weare longe garmentes of lynnen, hemmed
about the skirtcs bcutlh, whiche they call Ca^iliras : ouer the which they throwe on another

white

,x«<:

40'rike.

Alexandric,

the seate of

er sene rain.

jerflowyngM

lie Islandea:

s, builte vp
he similitude
lat thei came
■a of all these,
and reuelied
indwoorkyng

burdeins on
wked doune.
Lit commonly
desse. Their
all priest, but
se Bonne en>
that people,
they refused
their header
' heades grow.

As the Gre-
icision. Thei
was the maner
nen but one.
lie seuerall to
d their bodien,
lacrifie. Thei
of a certeine
to our paper.

ne the priest
vasshed cuery
sacrilices ^, for

ut either the
ware no suche

are hallowed
)r their ineate
they vse W) ne
ten rawp, nr
I then calcn
piie suppers,
npany caricth
th the prii-
moftc. Who
crv, for afire
beiirr, vpoii
t(i come ill
h the Lacede-
their bodies,
nen, hemmed
we on another
white

Jjgrrike.

white garment also.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.
Wollen apparelle thei neither weare to the churche, ne bcwry any

Nowe for asmoche as they afore lime that euer excelled in anye kinde of learning, or
durste take vppon them to prescribe lawc, and rule of life vnto other, as Orpheus, Homere,
Muscus, Melampode, Dedalus, Licurgus, Solon, Plato, Pithagoras, Samolxis, Eudoxus, Dc-
mocritus, Inopides, and Moses the Hebrue, with manye other, whose names the Egiptians
"lorie to be croniclcd with thcim : trauelled first to the Egiptians, to learne emogest them
bothe wisedome. and politique ordre (wherein at those daies they passed all other) me
thinketh it pleasaunte and necessaric also, to stande somewhat vpon their maners, ceremonies
and Lawes, that it may be knowen what they, & sondry moe haue borowed of the, and trans-
lated vnto other. For (as Philip Beroalde writeth in his commentary vpon Apuleius booke,
entituled the Golde Asse) the moste parte of the deuices that we vse in our Christian reli-
gion, ware borowed out of th.-? maner of Thegiptians. As surpluis and rochet, and suche
linnen garmentes : shauen crownes, tourninges at the altare, our masse solempnities, our
organes, our knielinges, crouchinges, praicrs, and other of thai kinde. The kinges of
Egipte (saieth Diodore the Sicilian in his seconde booke) lined not at rouers as other kinges
doe, as thoughe me lustcth ware lawe, but bothe in their inonie collections, and daily fare
and apparel!, folowed the bridle of the lawe. They had neither siaue that was homeborne,
ne slaue that was forcin bought, appointed to attende or awaite vpon them. But the sonnes
of those tiiat ware priestcs of honour, bothe aboue tliage of twenty yeres, & also siiigulerly
learned. That the king hauing these attendant for the body both by dale and by night, re-
strained bv the icueri..ice of the company about hym mighf lommit nothing that was vicious,
or dishonourable. For men of power are seldome euil, where they Ucke ininistres for their
vnlawfull lustes. There ware appoincted hoiires, botlie of the daie and the night, in the
whiche the kinge mightc lawfully doe, what the Lawe did permit. In the morning, assone
as he was ready, it behoue<l him to peruse al lettres, siipplicacions, and billes : that knowing
what was to be done, he might giue aunswer in tyine : that all thinges might nghtiie, and
ordrelv be done. These being dispatched, whe he had washed his bo<iii« emoi; the Pieres of
J Keafme, he put on some robe of estate, and SacrifieJ to the goddes. The maner was, that
the Primate, or head of the spiritualty ( the beastes appoincted for the sacrifices being brought
harde to the altare, and the Kyng standing by) should with a loude voyce, in the hearing of
the people, wysshe to the king (that bare him selfe iustely towarde his subiectes) prosperous
hcalthe, and good fortune in all. And should ' th'-r particuierly recite the vertues of the
king, his deuoutnes and reuercncc towarde (i(kI, and clemency towardc men. Commende
him as chaste, iiiste, and vpright : of noble and great courage, sothfaste, liberal, and one
that well brideled al his desires. Puniw-hing thoffendour vnder his descrtes, and rewarding
the well doer aboue his merites. Making a proccssc of these, and such other iike: in the
ende with the rehersallc of the contrary vices, he cursed the wicked & euil. Then ab-
soluing the King of his ofTencc.s, he laied all the faulle vpon the ministres, and attendauntes,
y should at .my time moue the king to any thing • nright, or vnlawfull. These thinges bc-
iiigedonc, he preached vnto the King the blessednes of the life, led accordyng to the plea-
sure of the goddes, and < horted him thervnto: as also to frame his maners &• doinges vnto
vertue, & ii<ii to giue eare to that, that leude me should counsaile him, but to followc those
thynges that led vnto honour and vertue. In thendc, whan the King had sJicrificed a bulle,
the priest declared ( ertain prereptcs und examples of exellente, & moste worthy men ;
written in their holy scripture. To ihende that she Kynge idmonis-shed by the example of
theim, might ordre his gouernaunce iustlye, and gwlly, and not geue hyni sclfe to couetoiis
rloinyng, and hoiirdyng of tresurc. He neither satte to iudge, ne toke his vacacion, ne
walked abrode, ne washed at home, ne lave with his Quiene, ne finally did any maner of
thing, but vpo the prescriptc of the lawe.

■J'heir fare was but simple, nothing but vcale, and goose, and their wine by measure ap-
poincted. So that thone should nether ouerlade the bealv, ne the other the heade. To
conclude, tl:eir whole life so boiinde vpon temperaunce, that it might be thoughte raithcr

■If

i( f «

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

4ffri1<e.

to haue bene prescribed them by a discrete Phisicen to preserue helthe, then by a politique
Lawyer. It siemeth wondrefull that the Egiptians inighte not rule their owne priuate life,
but by the Lawes. But it semeth more wonderfull that their King had no liberty of him selfe,
either to sitte in iudgemetit, to make collections of money, or to punishe any man, vpon wil-
fulnes stoute stomackc, angre, displeasure, or anye vniuste cause ; But to be holden vnder
lawe as a commune subiecte, and yet not to be agreued therwith, but to thincke them seines
moste blessed in obeyeng & folowyng the lawe, and other in folowing their lustes most vn-
happy. As being led by them into many daungiers, and damages. For suche oftentimes,
ruen when they know them selues to do cuill, either ouerco ne with malice, and hatred, or
some other mischicfe of the minde, are not able to witholde thcim selues from the euillc.
But they which by wisedome and discrecion, gouerne their Hues, ofTende in fewe thinges.
The kinges vsing suche an equitie, and vprightnes towarde their subdites, are so tendred
a^aine of them, that not oncly ihe priestes, but all the Egiptians in generall, haue more care
for the health and the welfare of the King, then for their wiues, their childrens, or any
other princes.

He that to his death continueth in this goodnesse, him being dead, do they in general
lamente. They tearc their clothes, they shut vp ^ churche dores, they haunte nc place of
wonfe comune corourse, they omytte all solempne holy daics : and girding them selues
vnder the panpes with brodc Kibbond of Sarsenet, two or thre hundred on a company, men
and women fo;iofher, rcnewe encry daye twise, thre skore &. xii. daies together, the buriall
bcw.iiling, casting dirte on tlieir hcadcs, and singing in rithme the venue of the Kinge.
They abstcine from al flesshe of bea-;tes, all meates jr touche fire, all wine and all preparation
of scruice at (he table. They bathe not, thei smel of no swietcs, they goe to no beddes, they
pic.isurc not in women : but asfolkes ihat had buried their beste beloued childe, all that cO-
tiiiii.niince of time they lamente. Durinj; these seuenty and two daies (hauyng prepared
ail thinges neressaric for the funerall pompe: the lasfe daye of all, the bodie bcyng en-
l)aulined and rofred, is sette before the enfrie of the Toninbe. Thereaftre the custome,
one rcdcth an abridgemente of all the thinges done by the king in his life. And if there be
any man disposed to arruse the dcadc, libertie is giuen him. The priestes are present, &
eiicr ;;iuf praise to his well doinge<, as they be recited. Ther stondeth also rounde about
the Toombe a multitude of the communes, which with their voices allowe asmuche as is
fiw, aiul rric out vpon that, that is false, with veheinct gainsaienges. Wherby it hath hap-
pened, that sondry kynges by the repugnynges of the people haue lien vntoombed : and
haue la( ked the honoure of bewrialle, that the good are wonte to haue. That feare, hath
driiicn thi> kviigcs of Aegipte, to liue iijstly, and vprightly, lesse the people aftre their
(Icaihts, fni;;ht shewe them suche dishonour, and beare them perpctuall hatred. This was
the manor specially, of the auncient kynges there.

The whole nalme of Egipte was diuided into Shieres : and to euery Shii re was appoincted
n I'rfsidento, wiiic he had the gouernauce of the whole Shiere. The reuenewes of the realme
ware diiiidod into. iii. partes: whereof the conipanie of the priestes had the firnt parte,
\vhi( he ware in ;;rtate estimarion omong them, bothe for theadministracion ofGoddesSeniice,
ami .-'Iso Cur the j^ood learnvng, wherin thei broi'giir vp manv. And this porcicn was giuen
iliei.n, partciv for the atlministrarion of the Sacrilires, & partelv for ihe vse and commoditie
of their priuai<> life. For thfi »»either thinrke it mete, that any parte of the honour of the
(Joddcs should hoc omitted, or that thei, wnirhe are Minisires of the commune counsaill and
prfifecti'. shoiild he destitute of necr-<»>.arv r<.inmoditie» of the lift-. For these menne are
alwaic in matters of \m ighte, called vpon b) th^ nobles, fcr iheii wi-ed.me aiid cour.sailh.' :
And to shewc (as thei can bv their conyng >r> the lMane'fe-<, and Starres, and by the maner
of tiicir Sacrifices) tite happc of thinges to «)ine. Thei also declare vn»<> Ihi?, the stories of
men of oUie f\ me, rr^rsied in their hoK Scripture, to the ende that acconiyng t > the the
kynges inaie learne what shall profighte, <ir di^orolighte. For tlie mancr is not emung (hen),
as it is enicnf,' the (Jreciai that one manne, or one woman, shoulde attende vpon the sa-
criliccs and Ceremonies alone : I ul (hci are many at ones aboiite the hop.uf "t their

Godden,

4ffrike.

by a politique
le priuate life,
:ty of him selPe,
man, vpon wil-
le holden vnder
:ke them seluet)
luster mo8t vn-
:he oftentimes,

and hatred, or
rom the euillc.
n fewe thinges.

are so tendred

haue more care
ildrens, or any

they in general
mte nc place of
ing them selues
I company, men
ithcr, the buriall
; of the Kinge.
I all preparation
no beddea, they
ilde, all that c6-
auyng prepared
)die beyng cn-
e the custom e,
And if there be
are present, &
> rounde about
; asmuche as is
rby it hath hap-
ntoombed : and
'hat feare, hath
pie aftre their
itred. This was

was appoinctcd
cs of the rcalme
the first parte,
GiiddesSfruice,
)rcion was giuen
and commodiiie
e honour of the
lie counsaill and
u'so menne arc
■ ai"i counsaill'.' :
ui by the mancr
ie, thr stories «)f
lOyng t ) thie the
iDt cmong them,
de vpon the sa-
hoP'/ur i>t their
G(>cUlcii,

Jffrike. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

Goddes, and tcachc the same ordre to their children. This sorte of menne is priuileged,
and exempfe from all maner of charges, and hath next vnto the kyng, the second place of
dignitie and honour.

The second porcion cometh to the king to maintein his owne state, and the charges of the
warrcs: and to shewe libcralitie to nicn of prowesse according to their worthinesse. So that
the Communes are neither burdoncd with taxes nor tributes.

The thirde parte do the pencionarics of tlic warres receiue, and suche other as vp6 occa-
sions arc mousicrcd to the warres : th;it vpon the regard of the stipendc, thei maic hauc the
better good wille and courage, to hasarde their bodies in battaile. Their communaltie is dc-
uided into thre sortes of people. Ilusbande men, Brieders of cattle, and men of occupacio.
Tiie Husbandmen buyeng for a litlc money a piee e of grounde of the Priestes, tiie king, or
thewarriour: al dales of their life, euen from tlnir childhode, continually applie th:it care.
Whereby it cometh to passe, that bothe for the skoolyng that thei haue therin at their fathers
handcs, and the continuall practisyng fro their youlhe, that thei passe all other in Husbandric.

The Brieders, aftre like maner, Icarnyng the trade of their fathers, occupie their whole
life therabout. We see also that all maner of Sciences hauc bene muche bettrcd, yea, brought
to the toppe of perfection, emong the Egiptians. For the craftes men there, not medlyng
with any commune matiers that mighte hindre theim, emploie them selues onely to suche
sciences as the lawc docth permit them, or their father hath taught the. So that thei neither
disdaine to be taughte, nor the hatred of eche other, ne any thing elles withdraweth them
fro their craftc.

Their Iiidj;cmcntcs and Sentences of lawe, are not giuen there at adueture, but vpon
reason : for thei surely thought that all thinges well dene, muste niedes be profitable to
mannos life. To punishe the oflbndours, and to helpc the oppressed, thoughte thei the best
waie to auoidc mischiefcs. But to buye of the pu.ishcmente for money or fauour, that
thought thei to be the very confusion of the rommunc welfare. Wherefore thei chase out
of the chief cities (as ilcli()|)ole, Memphis, and Thebes) the worthiest men, to be as Lordes
chief lusticc, nr Presiclcnies (.f hulgometcs, so that the-r lustice benche did sieme to giue
place, neither to the Areopagites of the Athenicnsc;. ic yet to the Senate of the Lacedemo-
nians that many a daie alter theim ware instituted. Aftre what fyme these chief lustices
ware assembled (ihirtie in nobre) thei chase out one that was Chaunceilour of the whole:
and when he failed, the citie appoincied another in his place. All these had their liuynges
of the kyng : but the Chaunceilour more honorably then the rest. lie bare alwaie .ibout
his necke a t.ibletie. hangyng on a rhaine of golde, and settc fi.il of sundrio precious stones,
whichc thei called Vcritic and Truthe. The courte beyng set and bcgunnc, and the tablet
of Tniihe by the Chaunceilour laied furthe, iJL theight bookes of their lawes (fur so many
had thei) brought furth into the middcs emong them: it was the maner for the plainiife to
putic into writyng the wliolo circumstance of his c.ise, and the maner of the wrong doone
vnto him, or how muche he estemed himself to be endamaged thereby. And a time was
giuen to the defendant to write answere again to eiierv poinct, and either to deny that he
did it, or elles to alledgc that he rightfully did it, or elles to abate the estimate of the dam.igc
or wrog. Then had thei .mother daie ajipointed, to sale finally for the selues. At the whichc
daie whe the parties on bothe sides ware herd, and the iudges had conferred their opinions,
the Chauccllour of the Iudges gane sentence liy poinfyng with the tablet ofVeritie, toward'
the parte j- senied to be true. This was y maner of their indgemetcs.

And forasnuuhe .is we are fallen into mencion of their iudgementes, it shall not be vn-
syttyng with myne enterprise, to write also the .luncienfe L.iwes of the Egiptians, that it
niaie be knowen how muche they passe, bothe in ordre of ihyngcs, and profite.

Fyrsi to be ptrinred was Iieadyng: for they thought it a double olTcnie. One in regarde
o.cOsdCie not kept toward God, and an other in gvuynge occasion to destroy credite among
nu'n, whiche is the rhiefest honde of their felowsliip. If any wavfaryng man shuld espv a
man sciie vppon with thieues, or otht rwyse to be wronged, and dyd' not to his jjower slic
rour ov ayde hym, he was gylfie of death. If he ware not able to Mi.rour and to reskew<

vol.. V.

hvm.

[(» ' !l

fi-

"i*

v.:

i .

i . ;

»!)f

any »"

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, JjnU.

hym, then was he boiinde to vtter the thieiies, and to prosecute the matter to enditeinent.
And he that so dvd not, was punyshed with a certayne nonibre of stripes, and was kept thre
days without ineatc. He that shuld accuse any ma wrongfully, if he fortuned afterward to
be iiroughte into iudgement, he suffered the punishcinent ordeyned for false accusers. All
the Eg>i3tians ware compelled to brynge euery man their names to the chiefe lustices, and
the faciiltie or science whcrby they lined. In the which behalfe if any man lyed, or lyued
'. \laufull meancs, he fcllc into pcnaltie of death. If any man wiilyngly had slaine
.V , free or bond, the lawcs condemned hym to die, not regardynge the state of the
man," out the malicious pourpose of the dicde. Wherby they made men afrayd to doc mis-
chief, and death bcvnge executed for the death of a bondman, the free myght goe in more
sauftie. For the fathers that slewc their chyldren, there was no puiiyshement of death ap-
poyntcd, but an iniunction that they shouldc standc thre dales and thre nyghtes togithcr at
the o^raue of the dcado, accompanied with a common warde of the people to see the ihyng
done. Nevther dvd itsicme them iuste, that he that gaue life to the childe, should lose his
life for the childts death, but rather be put to continual sorowe, and to be pyned with the
repentance of the dicde, that oilier myght ther by be withdrawen from the liivc wyckednes.
Hut for the chyld that kvlled cilher father or mother, they deuiscd this kynd of synguler
torment. Tlicv thruste hvm thmugh with ricdes sharpncd for the nones, in ciiery ioynt ail
oner his bod', and caiixcd hym quicke to be ihrowen vpon a heape of Thornes, and so to
bee burned. lud^yiig that there could not be a greater wickedncs enuing men, then to take
awaic the life, I'roni one that li.nd giucn life vnto hym. If any woman with' child ware con-
denipiicd to dye, tlici abode the tyine of her ileliucrauiue notwithstaiidsng : for that thei
iiidged it fiirrc from nil cquitie, that the gilteles should dvc togetlur willi the giltic. Or
liiat. ii. should be punislK-d. where but one had (ifleiuleil. Wlio so had in batlaille or wane.
witiuira\vcn luiiisell' from his biiiide, forsiikeii his place in liu" arraie, or not obeied his < .1-
pilai^iie : was not condeinpned to dve, but sutVred fur his iiniiishcineiite a notable rejiroeho
cmoi; the whole arniie. As cstienieti but a villaiiir, \ntiilwilii his firwardiu-s and wel
do\n<;, he could weare into cstimarion anaiii, it at leiiulli be restored to his lorincr estate.
And that lawe so grcwe into niennes stoinaiques that tliei thouuhl siuhc kiivl of repriiche.
of all punishemcntcs the woorste, iV more <;reiious then dealli Who so had disrlosi'd aii\
sc< rete to tiie enneniie, the I.awe (dniiiiauded hislon;;ue to lie cutte oiil of his iieatic. And
who so < li|)ped the foij;ne or coiinlreracled it, or cliaiinticd the st.ipe or diininisshed the
wcighte : or in lellres and writiii;ie-<, slionlde a<ld«- any lliin^, bv entreliiiv 11;;, or otherwise
or should giieldc out any thynn, orbrviij; a forued euideiue, ()bli^:i(ion or Hille, bothc iii~
handes ware cutte of That suche parte of the Ixidie as had olVendcJ, ini^hle lor euer beare
the punislirnientc tlicrof : and the residue lakvng w.iriu iig b\ his ciisaniple. n.ii^lii •.jioiine
the like.

TluTe ware also sharpc punishemcntcs constitute, in ofU-iice- '.oiu erin iij: women, for
hetli.it 111, I didou red a free woman, had his inembr»-s { iilte of, bci aiise in one olleiuc, he
had comitti'd thre no siiialle wi( kednesses. That is to s;iii', wroiio, made llic wmnan an whore,
and broiifiht in a dniibtc the laiil'iilnes of her issue Uut thei that \\^rc taken in adiillerie,
b 'the partes jivcni; a^jreed, the in.a w.is whipped with ;i liiiusaiule stripes by talc : and the
wi iiinii had her nose cut of, wlierwitli beside v -haine -he had, the whole l)e:iiilie ol her
face w;i> di-^r:lted, and tli-llmii( d.

llif L.iwes th.it apperteiu'iied lo the trade and occupiengor men, one with another: w:irf
made , as thei saie) by one HoccIk rides. It is i omm.iiinded in them, th;il il in 'iu\ h.iiii.'
bene lent aiiv mannc without wrilyiig, vppon ciidile of his wm rde : il the borri wi r deiiv
it, l,e should be jLt to hi- (the, lo ihi' wliiijiellie (Teililoiir iiiii-ie -laiidi'. I'or tiiei so
nuK he eslieincd :iii othe, that tliei lluuiglite no niaii so wii ked, a- williiilv to riiuisi' it. And
a.raiii, bei.uise he th:it w;is noted to sweaie \erv oCic, l<ist\iterl\ iii- » rediie, and ii.inie;
many incline atliniic, lh:it lor the rej^ard ol' their hi nesties, it luippencd \erv seldoiiie, tliai
iiiv 111, 111 came to his oihe. Their I.awe maker als", iuduvii'; that viiiiie was the einjcdrer

ireditc, lhoiiL;hlc it "Ofid bv ;jood urdrcs to accustome men t(

;ood liiiyiig ;md hone-lie,
vpon

.«<3

to enditcment.
ul was kept thre
ed afterward to
e accusers. All

fc TusticeH, and
I Ivcd, or lyiied
igiy had slainc
the state of the
ayd to doe mis*
!;lu goe in more
flit of death ap-
nhtes togither at
to see the thyng

should lose his

pyued witii tiic
like wyrkedncs.

lul of synguler
1 ciiery ioyut ail
irncs, ami so to
en, then to take

tliild ware con-
; : for that thci

liie giltic. Or
illaille or wane,
t ()l)eie(l his < a-
iiitaliie reprncjie
aniiics ai\il wel
is former estate.
ii'I of rcj)rii(iic.
Ill ilisrIoM'il ail)
lis hcaiic. Aiul
tiiminissjird ijit-
I, IT (.'therwise

Millc, hjlhc hi-
(' for eucT jjcarc
', iniyht >lioiiiu-

\<j, woiiK-ii. I'ur
i>iii' dlleiKC, lie
oinan an whore,
[■n in .idullcrie,
V la!r : and ilic
hiMiiiie (i| lii'i-

1 anollirr : w:irc

i( m.'iu\ ii.iiio

• hnrrnwir tienv

if. I'liP tlli'i so

;ilui^i' it. And

lilr, ami ii.inic:

y seldome, thai

as the ennidrei

ij; and honest ic,

\pon

^Iffrike. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

vpon feare to sieme vnworthie of all reputacio. He thought it also to be against consciejice,
that he that without an othe had borowed, should not nowe for his own, be bcleucd with an
othe. The forfcct for non paiment of the lone, inniight not bee aboue the double of the
sonime that was borowed. And paiemcnt was made onely of the goodes of the borower, the
body was not arrestable. For the Lawemaker thougl t it conueniente, that oHely the gooddcs
should bee subditc to the debte, and the bodies (whose seruice was required bothc in peace
and in warre) subiecte to the citie. It was not thoughte to bee lustice, that the manne of
warre, whiche hasardeth his bodie for the sauftie of his countrie, should for an enterest of
lone, bee ihrowen into prisone. The whiche lawe, Solon siemeth to haue traslated to the
Athcnicnses, vndre the name of the lawe Sisarca, decreyng that the body of no citezein,
should for any maner of enterest be emprisoned.

Ihej^iptians also for thieues, had this lawe alone, and no people cIs. The lawe com-
niaundcd that as many as would stcalc, should entre their names with the chief Trieste : and
what so ener was stollen, incontinente to cary the same vnto hyni. Likewise, he that was
robbed was bounde to entre with the saied Chiefe Priest, the cJaie, time and houre, when
he was robbed. 15y this meanes the thcfte being easely founde out, he that was robbed,
loste the fourthe parte and recciucd the residue, the whiche fourthe was giuen to the thiefe.
Fortiie Lawe maker (seing it was impossible vtterly to be withoute thietios) thought it moche
bcttre by this meanes that men bare tiie lo.sse of a piece then to be spoiled of the whole.

The ordre of Mariage einong the Egiptians is not vniforme, for the priest might marry
but one onely wife. All other haue as many as they wille, acording to their substaunce.
Thcr is no ciiild emong them, though it be borne of a bought woman slaue, that is compted
illegiiimate. For they onely compte the father to be the authour of his kyndc, and the
mother onely but to geue place and nourisheinet to the childe. When their childre be
borne they bring them vp wilii so lytle costc, as a man would skantly belieue. They fiede
them with the rootcs of mercnishes, and other rootes, rosted in the embrics, and with
niarshe C'auhois, and colewortes which partly tiicy scathe, and j)arfly they roste, and parte
giue them rawe. Thcv go for the moste j)arie withoute boson or shoes, all naked, the con-
try is so temiieratc. Ail the coste that the Parcntes bestowe on their children til they be of
age to shift for thcmsi'lues, surmounteih not the somme of a noble.

The priestcs bring vp the c hildrO, both in the doctrine of their holye scriptures, and also
in the other kiiides of learning ncccssarv for the commune life, aiul chiefiv in Geometry
and Arilhme(i(|iie. As for the mughe exercises of wra.sleling, ronning, daunsing, piayeng
at wcapon.s, throwyng y barro or siichc like, thei train not their youth in, suppo.syng that
the daily exercise of siichc, shoiilde be to roughe, and danngerous for them, and that they
should be an cmpciryiig of stirgih. Musicpie they doe not onely compte vnprofitable, but
als<i hurtcfiii : as making mens courages altogether womanlyke. When they are sicke, they
healc tiicnwclm-s, cyther wilii fasiin^r ,,r vomiting : & that eyther euery cche other dave, or
eucry third dave, or rourtlie. For they are of opinion that all diseases growe of superfluitc
of mcalc, and that kiiido id" cure therfore to be bcsle, that riddeth the grounde of the griefe.
Men govng to the warrcs, or iraiieillyng the cumtric-, are healed of free cost. For the Phi-
sirens \ Chirurgiciis, haue a stipende allowed them of ordenary at the charge of the com-
nuiiies.

Ill curing, they are boniide to fohnvo the prcceptcs of the niincient and allowed writers,
rc-gestrcd ill their h<dy scripture. Yf a man Inlowing the prcsiripte of the scriptures can
not so hcale y side, lie is not blamed for that : Hut yf he firtune to heale him by any other
meaiK's tiicii is in the sciipture appoincted, lie dici'h for it. For the lawe giuer thoughte
that it was harde to (iiide a bcttre wave of curyiig, then that y v.hich of suche antiqmtie
W.1S by lonpe practise founde ouie and allowed, and dcliuered \ nto tlicni by suche a conli-
nuaunce. Thi i ui|itiaiis do worshij) aiioue measure ccrteine beastcs, not oiiely whilest tluy
be onliue, iuii also when they .ire dead. As the C'atie, the Icneumon the dogge, the hauke,
the woulfc-, the Cocodrillc, and many oth.T like. They are not oiielv not ashamed to pro-
fesse tiic worship of these openlv, but setting them sejues out in the honouring of thcin to

M'-i the

I'll

\^'UI

ill :i''

t vt

r 4i H

I'iM r

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Affrike.

rhe vftennOHte : they compte it asmuch praise and glory to them scliici, as yf they bestowed
the like on the Goddes. And they go about on proccsHJO with the proprc Images of them,
from citie, to citie, and from place, to place ; holding them vp and shewing them a farre
of vnto other, which fall on their knees, and cucry one worship them. When any one of
them dieth, they couer it with Sarcenet, and houling, and crieng, and beating of their
breastes they all to bestrawe the carckcssc with salte. And after they haue cnbalmed it with
the licour of the Ccdre and other fragraunt oyntmentes, and oyles, to preseriic it the longer:
thci bewrye it in holy sepulture. If a man haue slayne any of these beastes willingly : he
is condempncd to death. But yf he haue slaine a catte or a snyte, willingly or vnwillingly :
the people ronncth vpon him vppon heapes, and withoulc all ordrc of Justice or lawe, in
moste miserable wise torment him to death. Vpon fcarc of the which dnungier who soeuer
cspieth one of those lyeng dead : standing a farre, he howlcth and crieth professing that he
is not giltie of J death. These beastes with great attendaunce and chardge are kept vp
aboute the iloistrcs of the Temple, by men of no meanc reputation : whichc hcde ihem
with floure and ntemc.ilo, and diners deintics, sopped and stieped in niilke. And they set
ciiery dale before tlicm goose, buthe soddc and rostcd. And before iho-e t!iat delight al in
raw mrate they selte binlcs and rawe foules. Finally as I said they kiepe them al! with
•^rcat diligence and roste. They lament their death asmorhe as the death ol' their owne
children, & bury them more sumptuously then their substance doth stretch. In so moclic
that Ptolomeus Lagus reigning in Egipt, when there chauiiccd a cowe lo die in Memphis,
for very age : he that had taken charge of the kepyng of her, bestowed vpon the buriall ol
her (beside a greafe some of mony that was giuen him for the keping) (il'tie talcntes of sil-
lier, that he burowed of Ptolomc. I'craduenfure these thyngcs will seme vnio sciine men in
woiulreful : but he wil wondre asmoche yl he cii^^iilre what conimuncly is done einongc
eucry of the Egipfians in the funcralle of their dcade.

When any man is departed his lyfc, all his niere Irifncles and kiiule^folke, throwiiu' dirte
vpo their hcades, go wieping and wailing rounile about the citie vntic the ("orps be buried.
And in the meane season they neyther bathe, ne drincke wine, or eate any nicate, hut thai
tliat is ino>t base & vile, ne wearc any apparell that is gorgeous or (aiie. They haue thre
fortes of Sepulchres, Sumptuous, meanc, and basse. In the lirsle -vxW they be^lowe a
taiciitc (T siluer. Aboute the sccontle, twenty Markes, and alioutc the thirde liile or no-
thing. There be certaiiic Pherclrers, whose facullie it is to setle forlhe burialles, whiche
Icarnc it of their fathers and teache it their childre. These when a funeral hajipcneth, make
Mill) him that is doer for the dcade, an estimate of ihe exequies in writing, whiche the
doer inav at his pleasure enlarge or make lessc. When thei are ones fallen at appoyncie,
tlic bodye is deliuered to the Phcretrcr to bee cnierred accordyng to the rate that they
.lyrccd vpnn. fhen the bodic beyng laied foorihe, commeth the Pheretrers t hide cutter,
and he appninitcth his vndrecultera place on the side liaidfe of the paundie, wher to make
incision, and how large. Then he with a sharpe stone (whiche of the country fro whence
it conieth, ihcv (all Ivthiopicus) openeth the left side as farre as the lawe perniitteth. And
••treiu'ii with all spicdc ronncth his wa\ c fro the ;oinpany standing b\, which curse him
and i.uiji' liini and throwe niany stones aftrc him. For thev ihincke there \el remaineth .1
( erl'ine hatred due vnto him tiiat woudeth the b(id\ of their frinde. Those that are the
sca-iincrs and einbalnicr-^ of the body (whoine they calk- pouldcrcr-*) tlicv haue in greale
honour and ctimacion, I'or that they haue familiarite with the pricstes, and entrc the teui-
^des tdjicthe- with them. The bodve nowe cominen to their hande>i, one emong all (the
re^te standiiii; bv ) \iilaceth the entrailes, and dr.iwclh them out at the foresaiii incision, all
s.iiiii"; the kulneis, ;,n<l the harte. These entrailes are taken by annther at his hande, and
wa«^hed in wine ol il;e touiitrv I'henicca, wherin are enliiseil manv sooie odours and driigges.
Then enoincte they the whole bodyc tiuer, tirste with Ccdre, and then with other oviute-
nieie:-. xxx. daic-^ (Sf aboue. Then do tliei rearc it oner with Mirrhe )k Cinamoine and
suche other thinges as wil not onciy prescrue it lo cotitMiaunce, hut aNo make it s(i()te smell-
ing. The Corps thiu being trimmed, is deliuered to y kindcslolkc of j deadc, cucry parte

Affrike.

they bestowed
nages of them,
g them a farre
len any one of
eating of their
ihalmed it with
• it the longer:
) willingly : hr
or vnwillingly:
ice or lawe, in
ier who socucr
ifessing that he
e arc kept vp
he ticdc ihcm

And they set
at delight al in

thcin al! with

of their owne
In so morhc
p ill Memphir*.
n the huriall oi
talcnics of sil-
II sonic men to

ilone fin()n';f

throwiiu' iiirt»'
irps I)c buried.
icaie, l)iit thai
"lii'\ li.uie (lire
ley besfowe u
Je liile or no-
rKilIrs, wliichc
lipi'Mctli, make
g, Nvhi( he the

It appoyiicle,
rate that thi-y
i chii'fe cutler,

whcT to make
ry fro wiience
niittelli. And
ill t'ursc him
rt rcmaiiifth a
.(• tiiai are the
laue in gn-atc
iMitrc lh«' ti'Ui-
moni; all (the
id iiui-'ioii, all
is handc, and
« and drugges.

other ()\ nile-

inamome and

it sootc sniell-

r, cucry parte

Affrike. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

of it kepte so whole (not an h^are of his browes or eye liddcs being hurte)^ it raither lieth
like one being in sliepe then like a dead corpse. Before ^ body be cnterred, ^ kindesfolke
of the deade signefie to the iudges, and the friendes of this passed, ^ day of t burial.
Whiche (according to the mancr then vsed) thei terme the deades passaige ouer the mere.
The maner wherof is this.

The iudges, nboue. xl. in nomber, sittinge on the farther side of the mere, on a cOpassed
benche wheling haulfe roude and ^ people standing about them : The body is put into a
litlc boate made for the nones, and drawcn ouer to the iudges by a chorde. The body then
standi Mg before the iudges in the sight of the people, before it be cofred, if ther be any
mannc that haue aught to saye against the dead, he is permitted by the lawe. Yf any be
proucd to haue lined eiiyll, the iudges gene sentence that the bodye shall not be buried.
And who so is founde vniustelye to haue accused, suflreth greate punyshemente therfore.
When no nianne wyll accuse, or he that accused is knowen to haue slaunderously done it,
the kinsfolke endyng their mournyng: tourne them selues now to the prayse of J dead, no-
thing af'tre the inancr of the Grecians, for that the Egiptians thinke themselucs all to be
gentlemen alike, liut beginnyngat his childehnde, in the whiche thei reherse his bringing
vp, nourtering and scholyng, thei passe to his mannes age, their commending his godlines,
his instice, his teinpcraunce, & the residcwe of his vcrlues. And calling vpon the vndre
earthe, goddcs, tliey bescchc them to place him emongc the godlye and good. To the
which wordes ail the whole multitude crieth Amen : showtyng oute, and magnifieng the
glorye of the deade, as thoughe they shnulde be with the vnder earth goddes, among J
blessed (or ener. This done eiicry man burieth his dead, some in Sepulchres made for the
purpose, and other that haue no suche preparacion, in their strongest wall at home in their
house, sitting vp ^ cofre ther tabernacle wysc. Cut they that for some oflence, or debte of
cnterc>it, or tnche like, arc denied their bewriall, are .sctte vp at home without any cofre,
vntic their siicccssours growy ng to abilite cannc dischardge their debtes and ofleces, and
honourably bewrie them.

There is a maner emong them, somctyme to borowe money vpon their paretes corpses,
deiiueryng the bodies to the creditours in pledge. And who so redemeth theim not, ronneth
info vticr infamie, and is ;ii his death, denied his bewriall. A manne (not altogether cause-
Ics) mighte merueile, lh.it thei could not be contente to constitute lawes for the framyng of
the mancrs of those that are online, but also put ordre for the e.xequics, and Hearses of the
deade. Hut the cju-e why ihei bent tiuin seines so muche her\nto, was for that thei thought
ther was no better waic p(.s.siblc, to driue men to honestie of life. The Grckes, which haue
set fiirtiie so many thynges in fained tiles, and fables of Poetes (farre aboue credite) con-
ccrnyng the rewarde of the good, and punishment of the euill : could not with all their de-
uices, drawe men to vertiie, and wiiiuliarte them from vices. Rut rather cOtrariwisc, haue
>\ilh them that be leudely disposed: It u>;hte all together in contempte and derision. But
emong the Iv.iipfia;is, the punishemeM«> due vnto the wicked and lewde, and the praise of
the !;iKllie and good, not heard by tiles of a tubhe, but sene daiely at the eye : putteth
both partes in reinelir lunrc what beluMielh in this life, & what fame and opinion thei shall
leaue of them .seliie-, to their posteiiiie. .\nd hervppon it riseth, that euery man gladly
cmong the, ensuelh good ordre of life. .\nd to make an ende of Thegipti.is, me siemcth
those Lawes are of very righte to be compted the beste, whiche regarde not so muche to
m.ike i!ie peojjle ridie, as to adu.iunie thcini to honestie and wisedome, where riches of
neccssiiie mu-t folowe.

% The. yf. Chapitre.
5r Of (lie I'oeni, and tholhcr peoples of Aphrique.

OF the Tennis there are inany .oul oiulrie narids Adrimachida; lieng toward Egipte,
arc like ol mariers to Thej-iptias. i)ui iheir a|)i)arell is like to the other Penois. Their wiues
haue ^|)on cchc leggc, a houpe of Latton. Thei delight in long heare, and looke what lyee

8ft

I il

Kir ^ r
{

I
it

I i

■I ■■■^;i«

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIOXS,

AjTrike.

it fortiinelh any of thoin to take aboiiir iheni . thni bitr llieim, and throwc theiin awaic, the
tvliichc proprctic, thci oncly of nil the Ponii h:,tio. As aixo to present their inaidcim that
are vpon niariu);r, to the kyng, whichc rhooHynK ctnon); liicin the maiilen that liketh hyin
bcstc, sickcth in her lappe, that afire can nriier lue riHiiult', The Na.tamoncH (a >;reutc and
a tcrrihlc nation, spoilers of siiche Shippes as forimu' Id I cc thrnwcn vpon the Saiides in
the Btroightcs) towardc Sommcr, leaiiynj; t'loir rank- vpoii the Sea coasle, goe dmine into
the plains counlric to gather Dales, whiiin' are (hero very faire, and in f;reatc picniie.
Thei jjathcr the boughcs with the friiicle, not ycl pcrlVdcly ripe, and laic ihe;ii a Sonnyng
to ripe. Aflenvard thei sliepe theim in Milke, and make soupinj'tN and potajjes of tlieini.
Il is llie ni.inercinon}; theim, for eiiery man to haue ' i.my wines: ami iho felowship of iheir
wines, that other vsc in secrete: thei v>c in open sijihie, in inaner allre the f.icion that ihr
Massagetcs vse. It is also the mancr of the N;is;iniones, when any ma marietii his (irsi wile,
fosende her about to cuery one of the >;!iestes, lo oiler hym lu-r bodv. And asmany as rc-
cfiiie her into amies, and shewe her the curicsie she (onu's lor, must j-iue her some nille.
whiche she hath borne with her, home lo her hou^e. Their maner of lakyng an ollie, &
forcshfwyng of thingcs lo come, is ihus.

Thci "weare by the menne that ware (bv rc|iort<') the be-<t and moste iusieinen emonj;

iht"', lavcng their handes on iheir (iraucs, or Tundics. But for the fore knowledge of

thynj;cs, thci come to the Graues of tlu ir kyndreade, and there when ihei haue praicd iheir

slitile, layc them doune vpon ihein lo slope: and loke vslial lliei dreame, thai doe ihei fo-

lo'.c. Where in (OOrmyng of our i»roniise, we vsc to strike hades (as we calle il) ihei vse

If) drinckc one lo another : or dies il thci larke litpuiur, lo lake «luste fro the earth, and

one to licke parte of thai to another. The (laramantcs sin nne the felowship and the sighle

of all other peoples : and neither vsc any kinde of weiipon, or armour, ne yet dare dcfeiide

them seluc* a);ain«t other that Vf^cd them. The\ dwell m' what abnue the Nasamoiu">i, more

vj) loiule. Abiiule the sea coa^te lowarde the wesie, tlicr bonlerclli xprni litem tl ■ M,iie>< ;

whiche sh.iue their heades in llie itnune, ar.d cl\|)|)e them r. iiniU- bv the siile^. I he (Jni-

dano> (ncMe neighbours lo the Nhnes) when they >;iue baltnlle t" llie o^truilM'", iheir

briciling vndcr the grounde, are armed with rawe felK'-. of l)c.i«ti's iheir wnmen ware

j)iil\ wcaltes of leather, eucrv one a greale mauye wliii he (ii-^ it i-.-avde') ihev beg^^e of

surlie menne as haue lien with ihein. So that the inoe ■.he hath, the more slie is esienicd,

a-i a deinty (lerling beloucd of many. 'I'lic Mai lilies dwelling aboiile the niei-he of Tri-

toiiide», vse to >Iiaiie iheir foreparle of their heade, and tlie Anses their hindre parte. The

iiKivdeii* of the Alices, at tiu' \ erely fea'^tc* of .Mineriia, in the honoure of the goddose

llieir n untrv wom.i ; deiiiding them sclucs into two comp.'inics, v«e lo giue batt.iile, inn-

jiane in another with siaiies, aiul with stone*: sayeng tli.ii thei obsiTue the maner of their

euuntrv in the liMnoiir <if her that we calle Minerua. /\nd the maiden that depiiricth the

balia\le witlioiit wounde, thei holde her lor no maioe. I'm before thcr baitavie !)«• fought,

tlicv dctrrmine ili.ii what mavde so cuer bearelh lur seiie inooste valeaimie in the (ielde.

all the oilier ina>. dens with (ommnne con-iciile shall garni^lie her, and arnie her, both with

(lie armour of (incia, and the helmet of C'oriiithe. .\nd sh.d selle her in a ( liariot, iV; carve

Iier roiindc about ihe mcr'.lie. The >-ame nienr.e v-en their women as indilferetlv coininuiie,

a-i kyeii lo llie buile. fhe children remaine with the women \ntil ihev be of some ».trengl'ic.

Ones ill a qiiartre the men do assemble wholy together, \' then looke with whonie the childir

faiitaiii-lh inoosie lo abide, him do ihcv coinjile for hi* Hitlier.

There is a people named \tlanle*, of tiie inoimie Atlil.i*. by the whiclic lliey dwell. Tiie-c-
giue no nanics one to another as oilier jieoplc-. do, but ei hciuaii is iniiiele-.se. \\'hen tlic
Sonne pas-clii ouer their heades, ihev ciir>e him, and reuvle him wiih all woorde* id" mis-
tliiefe : lor thai he is so broiling hole, that lie de-.trojclh boilie them and iher countrve,

'I'hey eale of no kinde ol bca»te, neither dreame in iheir silepe. The .\plires (whidie
are all brieders of calleile) line with fle*siie and milke, and vet absteine tlwv fro cowe-,
niiike, and all cowe lleslie, according to the inaner of the r.giptians, and iherfore kepe thcv
jione \p. The women of Cyrene tiiinckc it not lavs lull lo >irlkc a cowe, for Ui^ sake ih.t u

honouicd

Ajjrrtke.

'im awaic, the
r iiinulcDM thut
lut liketh hyin
I (a urcutc and
the Sniidc!* in
(10 ildiiiip into
;rfatc picntic.
nil a Sonii) iig
aj;cH of tlicim.
:iWMhi|) of their
facion that the
li h'lti first wil'r,
aMtnaiu' as rc-
icr some fi'ilU',
ig an oihe, Sc

knowledge ol
lie praied their
it doe liiei Co-
llie ill thei vse

the earth, and

and the ^iJ;hle
•t dare dcreiidr
•.anione*, inorf

ni (I ■ M.ices ;
e-i. The (ini-
iwiriiilii'-i, their
r wcimen ware

ihev l)e^^e of

he is esienied,
iiiei-<lie {if Tri-

re p. II tc. The

the ;;(i(i<le>se

e halt.iile, mur

mailer ol' their
t (l»p:irietl) the
a\ le he fnii^jht,
' in the (ielde,

her, Imlh wilh

lariot, iV' carve
"elly coiiimime,
some >.lren;;i!ie.
iiiine the i hilde

y dwell. The«e
se. When the
oordes id mis-
r rminirve.
k|)hr«'s (whi(lie
lliev Iro Cdwe-.
rhire kepe thcv
Inis ""ake thii is
honmiied

4trnkc.

TRAFFiaUES, AND DfSCOUKntES.

•r

honoured in Egipt, fo wh^me also they appoincte fasting, and feastefull dales, and obnenic
tJiein stoiempnly. Uiit the wonic of Hareea aljitteine botho fro cowe (Icshc and howc flesh.
When their children arc iiii. yeare olde Ihcy vsc to cautcriiic them on the eoron vainc (and
NOinc on the temples also") with a mcdecine for that ptirpoxc, made ofwoollc an it i-i plucked
fro the shiepe: because thei should not at any lime be troubled with rheumen or no8C.<i, and
by that meanes the\ iv they line in very good health. Thei sacrific after tnis maner.
When in the name ol i.ieir liisle Irutcs they haue eutte of the earc of the beastc, they
throwe it ouer the hoihe. That done, they wring the nccke on the one side. Of all the
goddcs ihcy oOre sni rilice to nn more but Soiuie & Monc. All the Aphrcs burye their
deade as the (irc»iaiis doe, Hauiiig the Nasamones, which bury them as tiunighc they ware
silling : wayling well when any man lielh in thawing on, to set him on his tailc, leaste he
shoulii giiie vp the gliote lieng vpright. Their houses arc made of wickers, and withes,
wrought ahoiiie trees, iixicli like vnto those that we calle Irakeneece trees, and in suche
dorle that ll'<y nia\ tonnie lluni roiindc euery wave. The Maries, shaue the lel'te side of
their heade, and let'" liic i.eare growe on liu- right. They die their hodie in redde, and
vaiinte that iliey come of ti.e Troianes. The women of the Zabiipies (which arc the next-
neighbours to t ic .Mar'" s) driue the cartes in the warres, in the wliich the men light. Ther
are a people calleil '/A i lies, wiier be»ide i!i«' gnat plenlyc of hony that they gather fro
the IJii's, thev haue al-n ccrieii.e men thit are makers of iionve. Thev all die them seines
with red, and eat • a|i - ll->lie, wuerof thei that dwel in the mountcines haue great plentye.
These al being of ilie jjut cilleil ! il.ye, line for th<' moste jiartc a wilde lyfc abrodc in the
fieldes like beastes, ir, iking no hdii^ehold prouision of nieaie, ne wearing any maner of
appareil Inil gole.s filles The ;;ciitlcme, and men of honour emoiif; tlie, banc neither citicd
nor lownes, l)iit T'tirreites biiilte vpon the waters side, in the which they laye vp the oiier-
plns of that that they oi < niiy. They sweaie ihcr pf<i|)Ie euery yere to obeye their Prince,
and that they thai ubcv in diede, siidulde loue inj^clher as lei iwes and companions : but
that the discdicdienf shmihle he pursued like f» Ions and Iraitouis. Their armour and wca-
p6, are buthe acording to ilie n.ituie of ihe country and contriim n : for wher ihei of thein-
sehics are \ery cpiii ke, and deiiiire of Ivulye, and the country ( hampaiiie, and plavne, they
neither vse swearde. dagger, ne harneis, hut onely cary ihre iaucliiiCs in their hande, and a
nombre of piked and < hosen stones, in ,i case of stiHc leather haging aboute them. With
these they v^e ixiihe n (iglil and to >kiriiiishc. In his ccmiing lowarde the cnnemv, he
ihrowelh his sloiie, feii Ling his ri'une, and maketh lightlye a narowe m).ssc, thoughe it be
a good waye of; suche conliiuiall pr.icii>e they haue of it. They kiepc neither lawe ne
faithe.

Ilie I'roglodiles ( wlii( he are aUo named of the Grci ians paslours, for their ficding and
brieding of catieille) a [lenple of i;(lii(i|)e, do lyue in companies, .iv haue their hcadc ouer
lliem, whome tliey i all Tiraunie. Hut imi nieaninge in him so much tir.iv in diede, as some
time some of our goiiernours vndre a Lis ler name ilo execute. None of them bathe any sc-
uei-,ill wife, and iherlore no seuenl i hiidn.'!!, but bothe those in commune, the tiraunie ex-
cepted : Who liiihe hut one w\t'e ciieiy. To the which yf any manne do but approche or
ilia«e nighe: he is condempned in a icileine n"mbreof calfaile to be paied to the Tiraunie.
From { beginning of Inly vnlle about midde August (al y which time thei banc great plenty
of mine) thei nourishe them seines v^iih aulk.-, and lilouile, sodden a litle together. The
pasture vpidd heiii;:, dried away with lii" heale of the Sonne: Thev siekc downe to the
marshe. \- lowc gn mules, for the \shii he onely iliey be often at debate. When their calleil
w.ixcih i.lde ir -ii ke, lhe\ k\llihini, .iiid eate ihem, iK: altogether line vpon .such. Thev
do not glue the cliilde the name of ihe I'alher, but name him afire a bull, a rambe or an
eawe. And those call Iliei lather ^'he beastes I meane of the masle kinde) and thothcr of
the femel kynde, they call mother, because ther daily Wxlv is giueii by them. The people
calleil hiiote, vm- r„r their drincke the iu\:e of a whinnc U'lned I'aliurus. Hut the men of
worshypand uenllemeu vse the iuce of a rcrtcinc lloure thev haue emonge them, whichc
makeih drincke inochc like the worste of y Ucnishe muste. And because thei carv great

tlroucs

'iu

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

■-1^ |25

IL25 |||U 111.6

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Corporation

23 WfST MAIN STRiET

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(716) 173-4503

^° y^^i^

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

AffHlce.

It '

(Irouet of catteile with them, they chaunge their soile orten. Their bodies are all naked,
sauing their prinities whiche they hide with Telles of bea«te8. Ail the Troglodites are cir-
cucised artre the maner of the Egiptians, sailing only the Claudiunn : which they so terme
of claudicacion or limping. They onely, dwellinge from their childehode within the country
of th6 Hestemes, are not touched with rasour or knire. The Trogiodites that are called
Magaueres, carye for theyr armour and weapon, a rounde buckler of a rawe oxe hide, and
aclubbe shodde with yron. Other haue bowes, & lauelines. As for graues or places of
buriall, they passe not. For they binde the heade, and the fiete oF the dead together with
Witthes of Paiiurus, & then setting it vp \'pon some hilly place, hauc a good sporte to all to
bethwacke it with stones, vntle they lie heaped ouer the corps. The laye they a goates
home on the toppe and departe, biddinge sorrowe go plaie him. They warrc one with ano-
ther, not as the Griekes vpoii rancour and Ambicon, but onely for foode sake. In their
skirmishes, firste they go to it with stones, as afore ye haue hcarde, vntle it fortune some
nombre to be hurte. Then occupieng the bowe (wherin they are very sure handed) thei
kille one another vpon hcpcs. Those battayles are attoned by the women of mooste auncient
age. For when they be ones omen into the middle emonge them (as they maye do with-
oute harme, for that is compted abhominacion in any wise to hurte one of them ) the bat-
taille sodenly ceaseth. They that are nowe so fiebled with age. that they can no longer
folowe the heard : winding the tayle of an oxe aboute their throte choke vp & die. But
he that diflferreth to rydde him selfe in this sorte : It is laweful for another (aftre a waminge)
to doe it. And it is there compted a friendly benefaicte. Men also diseased of fcures, or
anye other incurable malady, they doe in lyke maner dispatche : iudginge it of all griefes the
woorste, for that manne to Hue, that canne nowe nothiiige doe, why he shouldc desyre to
lyue. Herodote writeth, that the Trogiodites myne them selucs caues in the grounde,
wherin to dwell. Men not troubled with anye desire of riches, but raither gluing them
selues to wilfull pouretie. They glory in nothing but in one litle stone, wherin appere
thre skore sondry colours : which we therfore calle Exaconthalitus. They eate sondry kindes
of venemous vemiync. And speake any distincte worde they can not, but sieme rather to
busse or thurre bctwene the tiefhe, then to speake.

There is another people dwelling in tiiat Ethiope that iyeth abouc Egipte, called Ryzo-
phagi, whiche bestowe muche time in digs^ing vp of the rootes of Kiedes growing niere
aboute them, ami in wasshing and clensing of the same, whiche afterward they bruse
betwixt stones till thei become clnmic, & so make swiete cakes of the, muche facioned
like a brick a hande broade. Those bake thei by the Sonne, and so eate them. And this
kinde of meate onely, sertieth them all their life tyme plentifully and enough, and neuer
waxeth fulsome vnto theim. Thei ncuer !iaue warre one with another, but with Lions,
whiche comyng out of the deserte there, partly for shadowe, and partly for to praie vpon
snialler beastes, doe oftyines wourie diuers of the Aethiopes, comyng out of the Fennes. In
so muche that that nation had long sencos bene vtircly destroied by the Lions, excepte
nature of purpose, had shewed the her aide. For toward the dogge dales, there come
into that coaste, infinite swarmcs of Gnattes, without any drifte of winde to enforce them.
The men then flieng to the fennes, are not harmed by the. But thei driue the Lions with
their slingyng and terrible buszyng, cleane out of that quartre. Next vpon these, bordre
the IlnphagI and Spermatophagi, the one liuyngc by suche fruicte as fallcth from the trees,
in Sonimer, and the residew of the yere by suche herbes as thei picke vp in the shadowed
groundes. The other, the Ilophagi, siekynge to the plaineswiththeirwiues and their children,
climbc trees, and gather, eate, and cary home : the tendre croppes and buddes of the
boughes. And thei haue by conlinualle practise, suche a nimblenes in climbyng, that
(a wondrefull thynj^e to be spoken) thei wille Icape from boughe to boughe, and tree to
tree like Cattes or Squirelles, and by reason of their slendrenes and lightenes, wille mounte
vp on braunchcs and twi;;ges, without daunger or hurte. For thoughe their hete slippe, yet
hange thelfastc by thehandes: and if thei bothefaile theim, yet fallc thei so light, that
fhel be harmelesse.

These

Affrike.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

These folkes go naked, and hold their wiues and childre in commune. Emong them
selues they fighte for their places without weapon : but against Toreinen with staues. And
wheare thei ouercome, there chalenge thei Lordeshippe. Thei communely dye for hongre.
when their sight faifeth them : whiche was their nnely instrumente to finde then- foode. The
residewe of the countrie there aboute, do those Aethiopians holde, which are named Cynecy.
not very many in nombre, but muche differing in life from the rest. For their Countrie
beyng wooddie, and wilde, fulle of thicqucttes, and skante of watre, thei are forced by night,
for feare of wilde beastes, to slepc in trees : and toward the momyng, all weaponed toge-
ther, to drawe doune to the waters, wher thei shroude them selues into couert, and so abide
close till the heate of the daie. At the whiche tyme the Bugles, Pardales, and other greate
beastes, what for the heate, and what for thriste, flncke toguether to the watres. Assone as
thei haue druncken, and haue well laden their beallies with watre, the Ethiopes startynge
out vpo them with stakes, sharpened and hardened in the fire, and with stones, and
with arrowes, and suche like weapon, at this aduauntage, slea them vpon heapes, and
deuide the carkesses by compaignies to be eaten. And sometyme it happeneth that
thei thcim selues are slaine by some beast of force, howbeit very seldome. For thei euer
by their pollicies and traines, doe more damage to the beastes, then the beastes can doe vnto
them. If at any time thei lacke the bodies of the beastes, then take thei the rawe hides of
suche as thei Jateliest before had slaine, and clensyng them cleane fro the heare, thei
sokynglie laic them to a softe fire, and when thei be throughly hette, deuide them emong
the compaignie, whiche very griedely fille them selues of them.

They exercise their children whitest thei be boies, to throw the darte at a sette marke,
and he that hitteth not the marke rcceiueth no mcate. By the whiche maner of trainyng,
hogre so worketh in the boies, that thei become cxcellente darters.

The Acridophagie (a people borderyng vpon the deaserte) are somewhat lower of stature
then the residewe, leane, & exceding blacke. In the Spring time, the Weste, and South-
west ivinde, bringeth vnto them out of the Deaserte, an houge iiombrc of Locustes, whiche
are of verie greate bodie, and of wynge very filthily coloured. The Ethiopians well accus-
tomed with their maner of flighte & trade, gather together into a Idg slade betwixte
two hille^, a great deale of rubbeshe and mullocke, from places nighe hande, apte for firyng,
and all the grasse and wiedes there aboute. And laieng it ready in heapes aforehande,
a long the slade, whe thei see the Locustes come with the winde like cloudes in the aire, thei
set al on fire, and so swelte theim in the passing ouer, that thei bee skante full out of the
slade, but thei fall to the grounde in suche plentie, that thei be to all the Acridophagi, a suf-
ficient victuallyng. For thei poudre them with salte (wherof the countrie hath pletie)
and so continually from ycre to yere, liue by none other foode. For thei neither haue
any kinde of catteille, nc fisshc can haue, beyng so farre fro the sea. And this maner of
mcate siemeth to theim, verie plcasaunte and fine.

Of bodie thei are very lightc, swifte of foote, and shorte lined, as not passyng xl. yeres,
he that liueth logest. Their ende is not more incredible, then it is miserable. For wh?
thei drawe into age, their briedeth a kinde of winghed lice in their bodies, of diuers
colours, and very horrible, and filthie to bcholde : whiche firste eate out their bealies, and
the- their brcst, and so the whole body in a litle space. He that hath this disease, fint as
ihoughc he had on hyni some tickelyng ytche, all to bcskratcheth his bodie with suche plea-
tiure, as is also mingled with some smart. And within a litle while aftre, when the lyce
bejiinne to craulc, and the bodie beginneth to mattre, enraged with the bittrenes and grief
of the disease, he tcarcth and mangleth his whole bodie with his nailes, putting furth in the
mcane while many a grcuous grone. Then gussheth there out of hym, suche aboundauncc of
lice, that a manne would thinke they had bene barelled in his body : & that the barel now
broken, the swarme plomped out. And by this meanes, whether throughe the enfectious
:iirc, or the corrupcion of their fieding, thei make a miserable ende.

Vpon the Southc border of Affrike, dwell there menne called of the Grekes Cynnamic, & of
their neighbours Sauluagcs : Bearded, and that with nboundaunce of heare. Thei kiepe fbr the

VOL. v. N saufcganle

.'..

y !

.ill

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

^(ffrike.

a*'

1 '

pi'

Ml*
'ill

Baiifepiarde of their lines, greate compnignies of wildc Maatiuc^^ : for tiiat from midde June,
till midde Winter, there entreth into their countric. an innumerable sorte of Kine uf Inde.
Whether thei flie thether to sauc them seines from other beatses or come to sieke pasture,
or by some instincte of nature vnknowen to nianne, it is vnccrtaine. Against these, when
the menne of their owne force, are not able to resist : thei dcfende thrselues by the helpc
of their dogges, and take many of them. Whereof thei eate parte >vhilest thei arc fre^he,
and parte reserue thei in pouldrc, for their aftre niede. Thei cate also many other kindcs
of beasten, whiche thei hunt with their dogges.

The lastc of all the Afiriens Soiithewarde, are the Ichthiophagi. A people bordcryng vpoii
theTrogloditeii, in the Goulfe called Sinus Arabicns : whiche vnder the shape of man, line the
life of beastcs. Thei goe naked all their life time, and make coptc of their wiues and their
children in commune. Thei knowe none other kindcs of pleasure, or displeasure, but like
vnto beastes, suche as thei fieic : neither hauc thei any rcspcctc to vcrtue, or \ice, or any
disccrnyng betwixte goode or badde. Thei haue litle Cabaiics not farre from the Sea, vpon
the clieues sides: where nature hath made greato carfc.i, dicpc into the grounde, and
hollowc Guttres, and Criekes into thr mnigiie lande, ))owting and compassyng in and
out, to & fro, many sondrie waies. Whose cnlringes thenhnbitauntes vse to stoppe vp with
great heapes of calion and stones, whereby the criekes seme them now in the steadc of
neltCH. For when the sea floweth (which happeneth there twiae in the daye, aboute the
hourcs of thre, and of nyne) the water s»vellcih so highe, that it ouerfloweih into the
niaygne shore, and fillcth those cricques with the sea. And the (is-she folowing the tide, and
dispersinge them seines abrmle in 5' maignc londe to sccke their loode: at the ebbe when
the water withdraweth, retiring together with it alway lo the dieper places, and at laste
remaining in these gutters & cricques, they are stopped in with the stone heapes, and at
the lowe water lye drie. Then come the enhabiiauntes with wyfe and children, take ihem,
and laye them oute vpon the rocqiies against the midday sonne, wljer, with y bn>iling heate
of the xame, they be within a while skorched and parched. Then do they remoue them, and
with a lille beating separate the fysshe li-o the bones. Tiieii put they the fisshe into the
hollowes of the rocques, and beate it to poniois, minglinge therewith the sicde of the
whynne Paliuru'^. And so facion it into lumpes muche like a bricke, but somewhat longer.
And when they haue taken them againe a title by the sonne, they sitte them downe together,
and cafe by the bealy.

Of this hnue thei alway in store, accordinge to the plenty that Neptune gyueth thtni.
But when by the reaso of tempest the sea ouerlloweth the.se places abouc his naturall course,
and tarieth longer then his wonte, so that they can not haue this benefight of fisshing, and
their store is all spent : they gather a kyndc of great shelle fysshe, whose shelles they grate
open with stones, and eate the fisshe rawc, in taste muche like to an oyster. If it fortune
this ouerHowing by the reason of the winde, to continue longe, and their shellefysshe to
faylethem: then haue they recours to the fysshebones (which they do of i)urpose rc,«erue
together in heapes) and when thei haue gnabeled of the softest and gristely partes with
their tietlie, of those that are newest and beste, they beate the harder with stones into pieces,
and eate the. Thei eate as I haue said in tlie wiide field together abrwle, reioicing with a
semblaunte of merinesse, & a maner of singyng full vntuned. That done tliey f.ille vppon
their women, euen as they come to hande withoiite any choysc: vttcrly voide of care, by
reason they are alwaye sure of meate in good plentye.

Tlius foure daies cuer continual, busied with this bealy bownsing chicre, the v. daie thei
florke together to go drincke, al on a drouc, not vnlike to a heard of kione to the waters,
shouting as they g) with an Yrishe whobub. And when they haue dronkc till their bealies
stonde a strutte, so that they are skat able to retournc: euerye l)odic la\cs him downe
dronckardelike to reste his water bolne bealy, ;ind that dayc ratcth nothing. The next
daye agayne they fall lo their fyshing : And so passe they Iht-ir lyle continually.

Thei scldome fallc into any discises, for that they are alway of so vnil'ornie dietc. Nener-
thelesse they are shorter lyued the we an- Thevr nature not corrupted bv any perswasion

taken

Affrikc.

fUAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

taken of other, compteth the satisfieng of hogre, the greatest pleasure iu- tlic world. As
for other extraordenary pleasures, they seke them not. This is the maner of lining propro
vnto them that lye within the bosome of the sayde Arabiquc sea. But the maner of them
that dwell without the bosome, is moche more merucilous. For thei neuer drinkc ne ucucr
arc moucd with any passion of the niynde. These bcynge as it ware by fortune throwen
oufe into the desertes, farre from the partes miete to be enhabited, giue them selues alto-
gether to fvshing, which they eate haulfe rawc. Not for to auoyde thirste ( for they desire
no moyste thynges) but raithcr of a nature sauiuagc and wildc, contented with sucli victuallc
as commeth to handc. They copte it a principal blessednes to be withoute those thinges
what so euer they be, that bringe sorowe or griefe to their hauers. Thei are reported to be
of such patience, that thoilghe a manne strike them with a naked sweard, thei wil not
shonne him, or flyc from him. Beate them, or do theim wronge, and they oncly wil looke
vppon you, neither shewinge token of wrathe, nor countenaunce of pitie. Thei haue no
maner of speache emong them : But onely shewe by signes of the hande, and nodding with
the heade, what they lacke, and what they would haue. These people with a whole con-
sent, are mayntayners of peace towarde all men, straunger and other. The whiche maner
althoughe it be wondrefull, they haue kept time oute of mynde. Whether throughe longe
continuaunce of custome, or driucn by necessilie, or elles of nature: I cannot saye. They
dwell not as the other Icthiophagi doe, all in one maner of c.ibanes, but sondry in diuers.
Some haue their dennes, and their cabanes in them opening to the North : to the ende
they might by that meanes be the bcttrc shadowed fro the sonne, and haue the colder ayre.
For those that are open toward the Southe, by the reason of the g.eate heate of the sonne,
raste forihe suche a breathe, fornais like, that a manne can not come niere them. They
that open towarde the Northc, builde them prcaty Cabanes of the ribbes of whales (whiche
in those seas they picntuously find) compassing them aboute by the sides, accordynge to
their naturall bendingc, and fastcningc them together at bothe endes with some maner of
lyenge. Those do they couer with the woose and the wiedes of the sea tempered together.
And in these they shroude them selues fro the sonne : nature by necessitic deuising a way
how to helpe and defende her selfe.

Thus haue ye hearde the lyfe of the Icthiopagi, and now remaincth there for Aprique
onely the Amazones to be spoken of, which menne saye in the olde tyme dwelte in Libya.
A kinde of warlike women, of greate force, and hardinesse, nothing lyke in lyfc vnto our
women. The maner amonge them was to appointe to their maidens a certein space of yeres
to be trayncd, and exercysed in the feictes of warre. Those beynge expired, they ware
ioyned to menne for yssues sake. The women bare all the rule of the commune wealthe.
The women ware princes, lordcs, and officiers, capiteines, and chiefteines of the warres. The
menne had noiighto to d( c, but the drudgery at home, and as the women woulde appoincte
them. The children assone as thei ware borne, ware deliuered to the men to nouryshe vp with
milke, and suche other thinges as their tendrenefl required. If it ware a boye, they eyther
brake the right arme assone as it was borne, that it mighte neuer be fytte for the warres,
or slue it, or sente it oute of the countrye. If a wenche, they streighte ceared ^ pappcs,
that thei might not growc to hindre them in the warres. Therefore the Grecians called
theim Amazones, as ye woulde sale, pappelesse. The opinion is, that thei dwelt in the
Ilonde named Ilespera, which lieth in the marsshe, named (of a riuer that ronneth into it)
Tritonis, ioyning vpon Kthiopc, and the mounte Atlas, the greatest of all that lande. This
Ilonde is very large and t!;reatc, hauyng plentie of diuers sortes of fruictes, whereby the
c-nhabitauntes Hue. Thei haue many flockes of shiepe, and goates, and other smalle catteile,
whose milke and flesshe they eate. They haue no maner of graine, ne knowe what to doe
therwith.

ftH-

II. I'h

:. ;i

■| ,

A^,

OF ASIE,

THE SECONDE PARTE,

f The first Chapitre.
f Of Asie and the peoples inoste rnmoiis thcrin.

ASie, the neconde part of the thrc wherin to we haue said that the whole erth is diuided :
tooke name as some nold opinion, of the doiighter of Oceanus, and Tethis, named Asia, the
wife of laphetus, and the mother of Prometheus. Or as other affirme, of Asiiis, the sonne of
Maneye the Lidian. And it stretcheth it self from the South, bowtyng by the Easte into the
Northe : liauyng on the West parte the two flouddes, Nilus and Tanais, and the whole Sea
Euxinum, and parte of the middle enrlh sea. Vpon the other thre quarters, it is lysted in
with the Occean, whichc where he cometh by Easte Asie, is railed Eous (as ye would saie
toward the dawnyng) by the South Indicus (of the countrie named India) and aftre the
name of the stonre Scithiane, vpon the Northe Scythicus. The greate mounteine Taurus
ronnyng East and West, and in a maner equally partyng the lande in twaine: leaueth one
parte on the Noithe side, railed by the Grekes the outer Asie ; and another on the South,
named the inner Asie. This mounteine in many places is foude thre hundred Ixxv. miles
broade : and of length equalle with the whole countrie. About a fiue hundred thre skore
and thre miles. I-'rom the coast of the Rhodes, vnto the farthest part of Indc, and Scithia
Eastwarde. And it is dcnided into many sondrie partes, in sondrie wise named, whereof some
are larger, some lesse. This Asie is of suche a sise, as aucthorus holde opinion, that AflTrikc
and Europe iiiyned together: .nre scante able to matche it in greatncs. It is of a temperate
heate and a fertile soile, and therefore full of all kindes of beaste, foule, and worme, & it
hath in it many roimtries and Seignouries.

On the other side of tlie redde Sea, ouer against Egipte in AfTrike: lieth the tripartite
region, named Arabia, whose partes are, Pctrea: boundyng West and Northe vpon Siria:
and right at fronte before hym Eastwarde, Dcscrta : and Arabia Felix by Southe. Certein
writers also adioyne to Arabia: Paiichcia, and Sabca. It is iudged to haue the name of Arabus,
the sonne of Apollo & Babilonc.

The Arabiens bcyng a greafe people, and dwellyng very wide and brwle : are in their
liuyng very diners, and as sondrie in religion. Thei vse to go with long heare vnrounded
ii. forked cappes, somewhat mitre like, nil aftre one sorte, and their beardes partie shaue.
Thei vse not as we doe, to learne faculties and sciences one of another by appreticehode,
but looke what trade the father occupied, the same doeth the sonne generally applic
himself to, and continue in. The moostc aunciente and eldest father that can be founde
in the whole Countrie, is made their Lordc and Kyng. Looke what possessions any one
kindredc hath, the same be commune to all those of that bloude: Yea one wife serueth
theim all. Wherefore he that cometh lirstc into the house, laieth doune his falchio before
the (lore, as a token that the place is occupied. The scniour of the stocke enioieth her
alnight. Thus be thei all brethren and sistren one to another, throughout the whole people.
Thei absteine fro the embraoiiiges neither of sister nc mother, but all degrees are in that
poinct as indifferent to thein, js to bcistes of the fieldes. Yet is adultcrie death emong
them. And this isadulterie there: to abandon the body to one of another kindred. And
\vho so is by suche an onerthwarte begotten : is iudged a bastard, and otherwise not. Thei
bancquet not lightly together, vndre the nombre of thirtie persones. Alwaie foresene that,
two of the same numbre at the leaste, be Musicens. W.iiters haue thei none, but one kins-
man to minister to another, and one to heliie another. Their tounes and cities arc wallesse,

for

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VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Atle

for thci line quietly & in peace one with another. Thei haiic no kindc of oyle, but that
whichc in made of Sesama, but for all other thyngefl, thci are most blcswed with plentie.
Thei hauc Shiepe greater than Kien, and veric white of woulle. Horses haue thei none,
no none desire, Tor that their Chamellc!) in al niedei Memo the as well. Thei haue Miluer
and Roldc plentie, and diuerse kinde.« of xpirex, whirhe other coutries haue not. Laton,
Urasse, Iron, Purple, Safron, the precious rote costus, and all coruen woorke»«, are brought
into theim by other. Thei bewrie their kyng in a donghille, for other thei wille Hkante take
so murhe laboure. There is no people that better kiepcth their promise and coucnaunt,
then thci doe, & thus thei behight it.

When thci wille make any solempne promi^^c, coucnniinfe, or league, the two parties
commyng together, bryng with them a thirde, who st.indvng in the middes betwixte theiin
bothe, draweth bloud of eche of them, in the palmc of tlie hande, along vnder the rote of
the fingres, with a sharpc stone : and then pluckyng frmn cche of their garmented a litle
i;ig;'ue, he enoyncteth with that bloudc seuen other stones, lieng ready bctwixte theim for
ih:it purpose. And whilest he so doeth, he calleth vpoti the name of Dionisius and Vrania,
whom thei accompte emong the nombrc of goddes, reuengcrs of faithelcHse faithes. This
done, he that was the sequestrcr of the couenaunte, becometh sureiic for the parties. And
this maner of contracte, he that standeth moste al libcrtie, thinkrih miete to be kepte.

Thei haue no (irynge but broken cndes &. chippes of Myrrhe, whose smoke is so vnwhol-
some, that excepte thei wilhstode the malice liierof with the perfume of Styrax, it would
briede in them vncurabic diseases. The Cinamome whiche groweth emong theim, none
gather but the priesics. And not thei neither, before thei hauc sacrificed vnto the godde*.
And yet further thei obserue, that the gatheryng neither be^innc beloic the Sonne risyog,
DC cotinue afire the goyng dounc. lie that is lordc and goucrnour emong them, when the
whole gatlicr is brought together, dcuidcih i>ut vnto euery man his hcape with a lauelines
code, whiche thei haue ordinarily consecrate for that purpose. And emongest other, the
.Sonne also hath a heapc deiiided out for hym, whiche ( if the deuision be iuste) he kindelclh
immciliatly with his owne beames, and brennelh into asshci. .Some of the Arabiens that
arc pinched with penuric, without all regard of body, life, or helth, doc eate Snakes, and
Addres, and suchc like vermine, and therefore arc called of the Cirekes Ophyophagi.

ri)c Arabiens named Nomades, occupie much Chamcllcs, bothe in warre and burden, and
.ill ni.iner cariagc, farrc and nighe. The floude tlut ronneth alonge their bordes, hathe in it
as it ware limall of golde in great plentie. Whiche they ncuerthclcs iur lacke of knowledge
do neuer fine into masse.

Another people of .\rahia named Deboe, are for the great parte shepemastcrs, and
Ijfiedcrs. Parte of the notwithstanding, occupie husbandric, & tilthe. These haue suche
plt'iic of finld, that oftetimes emog the cloddes in the fieldcs thei finde litle peables of
gi Id as bif;gc a.s akecornes, whiche thci vse to set finely with stones, and weare for owches
aboulc their necke & amies, with a very good gr.ice. They sell their golde vnto their
borderei-s for the thirde parte of Laton, or for the halfe parte of siluer. Partly for that they
nothing estienic it, and specially for the desire of the ihingcs that forcinere haue. Nexte
vnto them lie the Sabein, whose riches chiefely consisteth in encence, Myrrhe and Cina-
niome, howbeil some holde opinion also that Baulme groweth in some places of their bor-
ders. Thei haue also many date trees very redolentc of smelle, and the rootc called
Calamus.

There is in that contry a kindc of serpentes lurking in the rootes of trees, of haulFe a
foote len^the, whose bitinge is for the moste parte death. The plenty of swicte odours,
and sauours in those qu.irtcrs, doeth vcrely stufTc ^ smelling. And to avoyde that incom-
moditie, they oftentimes vse the fume of a stincking gome, and gotes heare chopped together.
Ther is no man that hath to do to giuc sentice vpon any case but the king. The mooste
parte of the Sabcis apply husbandric. The residewc gatheringe of spices and drugges.
They sayle into Ethiope for tnidc of inarchaundise, in barkes couered with leather. The
refuse of their cinamome and Cassian they occupy for firing. Their thiefc citic is called

Saba,

^ile.

Atle.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

Saba, and atondelh vpnn a hyll. Their kyngrs succed by discente of bloude. not any one
of ihe kindred ccrtcinc, hut snthc as the people haue in moste honour, be he good be he
badde. The king neuer dare be »ene oule of hix Palace, for that there goeth an olde pro-
phecic emong them of n king that shoulde be ntoned to deathc of the people. And cuery
one fearcth it shoulde lighte on him nclfe. They that arc about the king of the Sabcis :
hnuc plate bothc of siluerand goUie of all sorter, curiously wrought and entallied. TablcH,
fourmcii, Irestlc8 of niluer, nod all furniture of household sumptuous abouc measure. They
haue alsoGaleries buyltc vppon great pillours, whose coronettcs are of golde and of ailuer.
Cielinges, voultingcs, dorcs and gates couered with siluer and golde, and set witli precious
stones: garnisshinges ofyuorye, and other rare thinges whiche emon^ men are of price.
And in this bounteous magnificece haue thei continued many yeres. For why the gredy
compassc how to atteync honoure with the vniuste rapine of other mcnnes guodes, that hath
tumbled downe hradcling MO many commune wealihcs, neuer had place rmong them. In
richctse equal vnio them, arc the (inrrci, whose implcmentes of huuschold are all of goUlf
and siluer, and of those and yiioric together, arc their pi)rt:illca, their cielinges, and rophes,
made. The Nubathcens of ail other Arabicns are the bcstc husbandcs, and thriftiest sparrrs
Their caste is wittye in winning of substauncc, but greater in kepiii,!;e it. He that appairctii
the substaunce that was lefte him, is by a commune lawe punished : and contrnriwisn lie that
encreaseth it, muche praysed and honoured.

The Arabicns vsc in their warres swcrdc, bowe, launcc, slingc, and battle ax. The rable
of hclhoundcs (whom we calie Sarasines) that pestilent murrcinc ol mankindc, came of tliis
people. And as it is to be tlioughte, at this daye the great parte of Arabia is degenerate
into ihat name. Hut thei that dwell tnwarde Egipte, kepc yet their oldc name, & lyue by
l)ulin, like prickers of ^ bordre, wherin, the swil'tenes of their camelles doctli them good
<<eruice.

f The secondc Chapitre.

f Of Panchaia, and the maners of the Panqueis.

IWnthaia (a ronntrie of Arabia) is iudged of Diodorc the Sicilian to be an islonde of xxv.
miles lirode. It hath in it thre noble cities Dalida, Ilyracida, & Oceanida. The whole contrii-
(exceple a title vaine of sand ie grauelle) is fertile and plenteous: chicfely of wine and
iMuciue. Whirhe giDweili thcr in suche aboundaunce, that it sudiceth the whole worlde
for flir frant'kc fume ofIerin!»e. There groweih also good store of Myrrhe, and diners other
redoleiite thin;es, whirhe the Panqueis gather, and selle to the merchauntes of Arabia, At
whose hando other buienj^r thrm againe, transportc them into l".>ripfe, and Sirie. And fro
thence they are <pretl aljnnie to al other peoples. The Piiqucis in their warres vse wagons
afire the maner of menne in olde time.

Their commune wealth is deuided into thre sondry degrees. The lirste place haue the
priestes, to whome are ioyned the artificers. The seconde the housebiid men. And the
thinle the menne of warre: with whom the catteile maisters or brieders be coupled.
The priestes are ^ heades, and chiefe of all the residewe, and haue auclhoritie aswell in sen-
tence of lawe, as to put ordre in al ciuile affaires ; the sentence of derive onely excepted.

The housebandcmen, tille the grounde, and attende vpon the fru:, c-r and bring all into
the rommune store. And thei that shalbe founde moste diligente in th^ iaboure and occu-
pation : arc chosen by the priestes (but not aboiie the nombre of ten at one time) to be
iiidges ourr the dislribucio of the fruictes. Vpon consideracion that other by their ad-
uauncemt-nt might be stirred to like diligence. The catteile maisters, yf ther be any thing
either apperteining to the sacrifices, or commune affaires, touching nombre, or weight, do
it with all diligence.

No man amonge the Panchais hath any thingc that he can call proprely his owne : his
house, and his gardein excepted. For bothc the customes, & reuenewes, and all other pro-
fcctes, are deliufre<l in to the priestes handes. Who acordingc a? thev finde necessarie

and

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I If

\ " ■•

|i K,

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS*

Jliit.

•ind expcdiciup, iinloly distribute them. But they lhem<ieluet arc graunled double share.
Their narmenten by the rcMnti of the linewe of llie wolle of their Hhicpc, especially aboue
other, arc vcrye aoftc and gentle clothe. Bothe menne and women y»e ther, to aette oute
ihcm scliicn with luclles of goldc, a* chcine*, bnwclettea, eareringeii, tablette*, owche«,
ringc>«, .\nniilctc», biittoiK, brorhes, and shoes embraudcrcd, and npangled with goldc, of
diners colour^*. The menne of warrc ncnic oncly for the defence of their countrey.

The pricstcs ahoiir all other, u'iue them xeliics vnto ple!«anntc life, fine, nette and Hump-
tuou*. Their garmtlos arc rodiettct of (Ine linnen, and sometime of the deintient wollen
\'pon their headcs thci weare mitres embraudred, and Rarnii«shed with golde. They v«e a
kindc of voided sljocs (whiche nftrewarde the Grieques tokc vp, and tailed sandalium) very
finely made, and of sondry colours, And as the women weare, so do they, all maner ol
lucllos *auinjT carinscs. Their chiefc occupatio is to attcnde vpon gtxides scniice, settinge
forthc the wnrthic diedcs of the gocldeii, with himpiies, ami many kindes of commendacion.
Yf thei be foiiiide wiihoutc ihc halowcd ^rounde, it is lawfull for any manne to sica them.
They save that thev came of the blonde of Inpiter Manasstes, at suche time as he came finite
info Patichaia, hauinge the whole worldc vndri' his dominion. This countrie is full of goldc,
"iluer, laifon, finno, and yron, of the whiche it is not laweful to caric any one out of J
rcalme. The giCles both of xilucr & goldc, whiche in grcalc nombrc of longc time, hauc
hciie ofrri'd to fhrir ijoddr^, are kiptc in the temple : whose dores are by excellent workc-
manship >;.irnithc<I with goldc, xiliicr and yuorie. The couche of their (Jod i.s vi. cubitc'i
loncrc. and foiirc < iibitc.H ImHie, all of golilc, gorgeous of worcke, and goodly to behulde.
;\iul l)v that, it there sitte a f.ibic of like sorfe in euerie poincte : for sise, stufl'e, and
i;<iri;eoiisnes. Tlu-y li.mc but one fcniplo, all of white stone, biiilte vpon pilours, graueii,
:tii>l cnilwssod, thie hinidrcd and xxxviii. t.nylonrs yardes square, that is to saye, euen of
Icn).'l!u' :ind brcdtlii". ciirry w.iyr so miu lie. And soincwh.nf acordinge to the syse of the
li'inpli', it i-i sctte (nil of hii^he v!ni:;i's mi y precious: corucii and graueii. Koundc about
flu- irnijili" liauc the piic-tes their lialiit.iciori. And all the groiinde aboute them xxv. mylc
roinpa-isc ; in halowcd to their goildcs. The ycrely rente of that groundc is bestowed
\j)on s.itrifice.

1 The iii. Chapifrc.

f Of Assir'a and Babilonia, and the maners of those peoples.

AS saicth sainct Augustine, the countrie called Assiria, was so named of Assur, the soiie
of .Scm. And at this dale, to the ende that time might be founde an appaircr of al thingen,
with the Insse of a siliabe is becomen Siria : Ilauyng for his bounde, on the East, the
countrie called Inde, and part of Media. Un the West the lluude Tygris, on the .Southe
Siisiana, and on the \orthe the maigne mounteigne Caucasus. It is a deintic to haue in
Assiria a showre of raine : and therefiirc are thei coiistreined for the due moistyng of their
lande, to folic in the riuers by pollicie of trenching and damming: wherwilh thei so plen-
tifie their grounde, that thei communely rcceiue two hundred busshellcH for a buitshell, and
in some spcci.ill veine, three hundred for one. Their blades of their Wheate and Barlie
are fowre lingers brode. Their .Sesamum, and Milium (vSomer cornes) are in groweth like
vuto trees. All the whiche thingcs Herodotus the hislorien, thoughe he knoweth the (as he
wrilcih) to be viuloubfedly true, yet would he that men tokc aduiscmente in the reportyng of
theim : lor that thei mighte sieme vnto surhe as neuer sawc the like, incredible. Thei haue
a tree called Talma, that beareth a kinde of small Dates. This frui( fe thei ficde muclic
vppon, and out of the bodie of the tree, thei draw at one lime of the yere a licjuor or
sapiie, wlierof thei make bothe wine and hony. In their fresh waters thci vse boatcs facioned
round like a buckler, which the Armenians that dwelle aboue them, do make of .salowc
wikcrs wrought one within an other, and coiiered with rawe leather. The apparcile of the
Assyrians is a shirte downe to the foote, and ouer that a short garment of wollen, and
last of al a fuirc white plcictcd ca>snqtic doiin to the footc agayne. Their »hocs are not

fastened

,11

A$it.

)le thare.
illy aboue
■rtte oule
I, owrhei,
goldc, of

•y-

tiid Hump-
•«( wollen
"hey v«e a
ium) very

mancr ul
c, Hettingr
ncndaciun.

jiloa thcin.
came finte
U of goldc,
lie out of J
time, hauc
lent worke-

vi. cuhitc-.

behoidf.
!(tufl'e, and
in, graueii,
fc, cucn ol
svHc of ihc
lundc about

1 XXV. mylc
is bestowed

Aaie.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIUS.

ir, the Mine
al thintjes,
East, the
ic Southe
to haue in
nj; of their
HO plcn-
isshcll, and
and Barlie
roweth like
the ( aa he
)ortyng of
Thei liauo
cde murhc
a li(|Uor or
C8 rationed
of salowc
■cile of the
ollcn, and
[)Cit are not
fastened

favtencd on with Inchetten, but I' kc a poiimpc close about the foole Which alxo the The
bans dydde vne, and but they tw-yne, no moc. They «Hflbe theyr hearen to growc and timer
them with prcty forked cappes somwhat mytreiyke. And when they goe abroade, they be-
sprinkle litem Hcliies with Iragraunt oyle*, to be swcte at the nmcllc. They haue eiiery man
aryngc with a signet, and also a sceptre finely wrought: vppon whose toppc thei vsc to
stickc either an apple, or a rose, or a lillye, or some lyke thynge. For it is a dishonour to

bcarc it bare. . , ,

Hnion;!;est all the lawes of that people I note this rhicfly as worlhie meinoric. Who their
ninidenslame to be mariagcable, thei ware fro ycrc to yere, brouijht foorthe into the Mar-
(iiietle, for siichc as would buye them to be their wiues. And because there ware some so
liard fauoiired, that menne would not onely be loth to giiie money lor them, but some menne
also lor a litle money to take thcim : the fairest ware first solde, and with the prices of theim
brought into iho commune Trcasourie, ware the fowler bestowed. Ilenulofc writcth that he
heard by rcajiorte, that the Heneti (a people on the bordre of Italic townrde llliria) ware
wonto to \He this maner. Whervpon Sabellicus lakyng an occasion, wrileth in this maner.
Whelhcr there ware suche a mancr vsed einong that people (saieth he) or not, I hauc litle
more certainlie to laie fur my self then Ilerodotc had. But thus muchc am I able to sale,
that in Venice (acilie of famous worthines, and whone power is well knowcn at this daie, to
be grente, boihe by Sea and by lande) suche maner as 1 shall sale, was »iometyme vsed. There
was in the Cilic of Venice, a place dedicate, as ye would sale to our Ladio of Pielie. Before
whose doores it happened a child or twaine, begotten by a skape (whiche either for shame
or necessitie could linde no mother, or for the nombrc of parteners, no one j)roprc father) to
bee laide. And when by the gocMl Citczeins suche tendrenes had been shewed to two, or thre,
as the moiher>* lokcd for, and manhode (to sale the truthe) doth require : the dore of pitie
became so fruictfiill a mother, that she had not now one or twoo in a yere, but three or fower
in a tpinrter. Whiche liiyiig when the gouernoiirs of the citic perceiued, thei toke ordre by
commune consenic, ihjt fro ihens foorthe suche women children onely, as should fortune so
to bee oflicd to Pietie, should bee nourisshed al the commune charge of the citic, & none
other. And for those acordyngiy, thei ordained a place wher thei ware brought vp, hardly
kcpto in, and diucrsly enstructed acordyng to their gillcs of witte and cap.icitie, vntill thei
ware mariage able. At the whiche lyme, she that had beautie and good qualities bothe,
found those a sulbcienl dowrie to purchase her choyse of husbandcN. And she that hadde
but be.iulie alone, ihoughe her qualities ware not so excellfte, yet for her honcstie that be-
side forth was singuler in theim ail, founde that beautie and honcstie could not be vnmarird
'i'hese therefore ware not permitted to euery mannes choisc, but graiinted to •■uchp as winrv
ihoughte menne worlhie of suche women. If there ware any that lacked the grace of bean-
tie, vet if she ware willie, and endcwcd with qunlities (together with her honcstie^ a small
dowrie purchased her a hiisbad in good lime. But if there ware any in who there happened
neither coinmendacion of beautie nor wit, but onely bare honcstie : for her bestowyng was
there a meane found, by waie of deuocio, as we lerme it whe we signific a respccte of holines
in the dicde.

Nfenne \nniaried beyng in daungier vpon Sea or on Lande, or beyng sore distressed with
virkcnes, nuikyng a \owe for the recouerie of healthc, where vnio thei holde them sclues
biuinden in conscience (if it fortuned theim at that tvnie to be deliuered) for satisfactio of
their \(>we in that case not \prighlly perfourmed, vsed to take for their wiues, suche of
the simplest as other had left. So that in processe thei alwaie fminde husbandes, and the
commune wealthe a diininishyng of charge.

.\nother Liwe of the Babilonians there was, more worlhie of memorie a grcatc dcale, for
that it imported more weight. And that was this. Thei had fro their beginnyng no Phisicens
emong theim, but it was enacted by the consente of the Healme, that who so was diseased of
any malady, should comon with other that had bene healed of the like afore. And acordvn»
to their c(.unsaille, practi.se vpon himself. But he that v.sed or attempted aiiv other waie, to
be punished for it. Other write that the sieke ware brought out into the Marquet place,

\oi.. V. () where

«:-i'm!

VOYACI'S, NAUIOATIONS,

jitte.

; '

\'4

< »i

\\v

wherr Rtichc iw had hcnr ilclinrrrd of the like KrirC aiorc : w.irr bniinde hy thr lawr, to go
fro |)cr<ui)C to pcnionr. mid nIicwc Iheiin by what mraim tliri lind bene rrmrdird.

Thci brwrie their dt'.id in llonie, and ol»M?nie the xamc maner of mournynK that the K^iiH
linni* do. If any man haiie mrdled wiilt hin wiTc in the nighte, neither »f theiin bolne
tuiirhi'tli nny ihyng the nt-xt mornyng, before thei be waohed :

There wa< in Uabilon a Temple dedirate to VcnuH, iSc it h.ith bene the tnanrr in lyme
paNic. that when their came any MiramiKcr to \iMtc thii« Temple, .ill the women of Itabiinn
ohoiild i;omc vnto liim or them, with grcate Molempnitie nnd fremhely npparriled, euery one
luuirtK a ffarlnnde un her heade, with Mome ncuernllc knowledge of dintinction nne fr6 an-
other, and ofTre their neruice ti» the slraiingier. And looke whom he liked, he miiM laie donne
in her lappe, michc Komc of money :m pleaded him. That done thei bothe withdrew tliem-
«elueM fro the temple u greate di«taiuue, and laie together. That nioney w.k fon«frra(c
to VenuK.

There ware rcrtein kindredei* emong theim, that lined with none other Ihyng bnt fl-whe
dried againiit the Sonne, and brnsed in a Morlare, and mo laied vp till nicde ware. And then
did thei mingle it, and kneadc it with water into a maner of paaxte, and ho baked it, ft ente
it. There ware thre (tortes of nienne that bare rnle and office emong ihcm. The king, the
noblcM with the SenioiirM, and thoxe that had nenied in the warren and ware now exempte.
Thci had also menn(> «kilfull in the aer reiw «f nature, whirhe the! calle .Vfagi, and Chaldri,
Kurhe 04 ware the |)rie«teN of Fk*I>"> inaiitiite tu attende vpon the weruire of their (ioddc!*.
ThcHe nun all their life daien, liuetl in the lone of wiaedome. k were connyng in the roiirs
of the .SierreH. And »ometyme by forctokenyng of binlcM flight, and somrvmc by power
of holy ver^H"* and nombren, toiirned awaie the euillea fro menne, nnd benclited the with
thingcs that ware good, fhei rotild expnundr Dreamea, and derlare ilie Nigiiilir.icion<4 of
vncoiith wondrrt. S> that men ware rertein of Nuchc Mirces<te, a« thei had forenliewed. Thei
wente not into ^trauge M-holes to le.irne their knowledge, ax the (Jrerian* dor, but Irarnrd
the science of the»e thyngeo at their fathers hrule*. a* heiriage from one generacion to an-
other, eiien fn)m their childhiMie at home in their bo«i»es. Whereby it ramc to pawe that
beyiig sdkiiigly learned, it was bothe the more gronndedly learned, and aUo witnniit to<li-
nii>iir'«. Thei had one vnifonne and conHtruinl waic of teaching, and one roiiMantnei of doi-
tiiiic, not waiicryng and almo-ite contrarv to it telf, as the doctrine of the (Jreekem: where
rrhj' rhili><i( pher almo^te had his waic, and iiidgemente, of the ]irinciplei« and cauMC* of
thvuuoM. lint ihciH' menne aure al in one, that the worldc in etemall ond eiierla^tyng, with
< lit begynnyng and without ende. .\nd that the ordn* of the whole, wan dinpooed by the
prouidciuc of the highest. The bodieit aboue to banc their course, not at all adiientnres nnd
uith Hit rule, but by an iniiiolable lawe of (iod, acordyng to h\n urdenaiince nnd will inovte
cnti ill. Thei hauc learned by long markyng and notyng of thynge* tyme out <>f mynde,
one altrc aimther : how by the counie of the .Starres, io prognoatiqiie, that in to forcHhewe
Milo men, many thy nges to come. Thei holde that of all other Sterres, the planetes are
•iiroiigcNt of lnlluenc<-, namely .Saturnus. To the «onne thei attribntc brightnes and verlue
(if life. \Ur^, liipiier, Menurie, and N'ciiui, fliei obseriie moHle (for that thei haiie a course
proprc by thcmselues) as inlerpretoiirs of the mindcs of the goddet to foresignifie thinges
Mito inrn. Whicli opiiiinn is so grounded in them, that thev hnue called all thoxe foure pla-
nclcii, by the one name of M«t» uriiis as ye woulde saye comnuine curroiirs or messengers
Thci aUo do uariM! menne of inanv thingcn, bothe hurtefull and aviiileablc: by the marking,
;iiid kiiii\sU'di;e of windc and wcaiher, of raine and <lroiighte, of biasing sterrcs, of the
t'rli|)-ti of till- Sonne and Mono, if earthquakes, and manye diiche like.

riirlhcrmorc thei ymaginc in the firmament other sterres, siibicfte in influence >nto
these iiirincr, wIutoI «)ine are in the haiilfc heauen confinuallv in onr si;;hte, nnd some in
the other haiilfc tontinuallv oufe of our sight. An<l as the Kgipliens hnue feigned them
seines xii, goddi-, so liknwv«e hauc thci To euerie of the whiche they referre one moncth,
and one signe of the Zotliaqiie. Thei banc prophccicd vnto kingcs, many adiientnres. As
vnto Alexandre victory, when he made hiH expluicie tuwardc Dariuii. Likewise to Hircha-

nour

e, to go

iin boi

In lyme
<' Raltilon
uory one
c fr'fi on-
air (Idiinc
rw iltcm-

but fi-wln'
And then
il, & caJc
kinp, ih*"

il Chaldri,
ir (ioddcK.
ihc rours
by power
il Utt- with
racioM!* of
wrd. Thri
int lornrtl
on to an-

IiaH!i«« that
lout toli-
npt of doe-
rs: Khcro
raiiHC* "1"
tvni;, with
li'd by tlu-
nlnrcs nml
II intwtc
f mynde,
lorcHhcwi-
anrtcs nrr
nd vtTtuo
ic a coursf
fie thinpt"*
"oiire |>l:i-
ic^wngcw
mnrkinji,
■c^, of the

once \nt()
id some in
;ncd them
jc moncth,
turcs. As
to Hircha-
nuur

Jile.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DTSCOUFRIES.

noiir and Sclcticiw, and other the (lurceMoiini of Alexandre, prophecied ihei many thinn^et :
A» also to the Itomainer*. which ha«l rnoul nure •iicccfiM'. Thei make rompte aNo »>('. wiiij.
other Htarrc* : without, and benidc the waie of the /odinqne, xii. towarde the Northe, and
ihc renidcw towarde the Soiithc. Of the whirhe, ho many n-* appiere in night, they indue
to apperlci«ne to the quicke, and the other to the dead. Then- troubleiiome maMc* hauc thci
bro«nhtc Into the worldc more then cnoiiqhe. beitidr the uccompic that thei make of their
obnrruacionM, and deuinarifw from their beninninRe to Alexandres lime : nombrin>||e them
thrc tlioiwandc and foiirty yereii (a shamefiill lie) excepie thei will rnirepretc their ycres
by the Monc, a« the Egiptiana doe, romplingc eucry monelhe for a ycrc.

1 The iiii. Chapiter.
f Of Icwry, and of the life, ntancm, and Lawe« of the le\«c<«.

PAIcKtina, whiche aliw i<4 named liidea, bcinge a iieucralle prouincc of Siria, lielh bitwixir
Arabia Petrca, and the ronntrie Casloniria. So bordering vuon the Kgiptian nca on the West,
and vpon the floude Ionian on the Eante, that the one with hi* wanes waHshcih hi« cliciic«,
and the other nomctime with hit Mtreame ouerfloweth bin banckci.

The Hibic, and lotiephu* by en^amplc thcrof calletb thit londc Cananea : a c oiintric re-
noumed for manifolde uubntaiince. Fertile of rioyle, well watered with riucr*. and Hpringcn,
and rich with preciou* balmc. I.iengc in the nauelle of the world, that it neither might be
broylcd with heate, ne frowen with colde. Hy the reason of the which mildencs of aier, it
wa» iiidged by the iNraeliteit or Hel)riie», (and ri^htlye ho iudgcd ) to be the country that God

Cromificd vnto Abraham, Ixaac, and lacob, flowingc in aboundaunrc of milkc and honie.
pon the hope of enioyinge of this londe, folowed ihcy Mosten ontc of Egiptc fortyc ycrc*
wandering in ('ampe. And before thei ware broughtc into Cananea by losua, his substitute,
oiiercame with Htrong hande, one and thirty kinges.

This is the peoj)lc that onely of all other mav chalengc the honour of auncientie. This
is the people alone J mightc haue glorified in the wisedome, and vnmedlcd puritie of Lin-
);uage, as bcinge of all other the (irste. This is the people that was mother of lettres, and
sciences. Amonge ihc^e remained the knowledge of the oncIy and cucrliuingc God, and
the certeintie of the religion that was pleasaunte in his eies. Among ihcae was the know-
ledge, and foreknowledge of al, sauinge that Hclas, they knewc not the visitour of their
wealthe, and the cnde of their wo, Ie«us the sauioure ol all that wouldc knowe him, and
sieki* life in his deathe. But him whome thei knew not, when by reason thei should : him
shal thei yet ones knowe in time when the father woulde.

The Israelites, the Ilcbnies or the Icwcs (for all in eflfecte soundeth one people) liuc afire
the rule of the lawes, whiche Moses their worthy duke, and deuine chicfteinc, declared vnto
theim. Wiihoute the whiche also or anye other written, thei liucd holily, hundred of yearcs
before : atteininpe to the truthes hidden from other, by a singulcr gifte aboue other. That
Philosophre of Philosophers, and deuine of deuiii»"s, Moses the merueilous, waicnge in his
insight, I no multitude assembled, coulile be gouerned to continuauncc without onbcs ol
eqiiitic, and lawes : when with rewardes to the good, and rcuengc vpon the cuill, he had
siilliciently exhorted, and trained his people to the desire of verliic, and t hate of the con-
trarie: at the last beside the two tables receiued in the mountc Sinali, .idded ordrcs of disci-
pline, and ciuilc gouernaunce, full of all goodlincs and equitie. Whiche losenhus, the
lewe, (a mannc of greatc knowledge, and eltujiicnce, aswcl in the Hcbrcwe, his natural
logiie, as in the Grieke, amonge whome he liucd in not.iblc fame not a fewc yeres) bath
gathered, and framed into one seucrall treatise. Out of the which, because I rather fansie,
if I inaye with like commoditie, to fnlowe the fountcines of the first Authours, tlwu the
lirokes of abredgers, which often bring with them much puddle : i hauc here translated, and
annexetl to the ende of this booke, those onlres of the lewcs commune wclthe, sjdyng the
for the reste to the Bible. And yet notwithstanding, loke what I foude in this Abrcdgcr,
iiciilier nicncioned in the bible, nor in that treatise, the same thus ordrely folowcfh.

O 'i The

«,NAi"!lANA )

1)9

!'■ i

k' \'i

100

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS.

Aste,

^'^

11.
I

.1 r.- •- '

The heathen writers, and the Christianes, do muchc diftVe conccrninge the lewes and
^foy8es their chiefteinc. For Cornelius the stylle, in his firste booke of his ycrely cx-
ploictes, called in Laiine Annalcs, dotlie not ascribe their departure oute of Egipte to the
power and comnudement of God : but vnto necessitie, & costrainte, with these wordes :

A great skuruines^ and an yche saieth he, beinge risen throughe oute Egipte, Bocchoris,
the king sekynge remcdye in the Temple of lupiter Hammon, was willed by responcion to
riense his kingdoinc: And to sende awaye that kinde of people whom the goddes hated (he
meaneth the lewcs) into some other cotrey. The whiche when he had done, and they (as
the poompe of al skuruines, not knowing wher to become) laye cowring vn'^re hedges, and
busshcH, in places desert, and many of them dropped away for sorowe and disease : Moyscs
(whiche also was one of the outecastes saieth he) counseiled them not to sitte ther, awayt-
ingc aftrc the hclpc of God or of man, whiche thei ware not like to hauc : but to folowc him
as their capteine, and lodesman, and committe them selues vnto his gouernauncc. And that
hcrvnto thei all agreinge, at wilde aducntures, withoute knowing what thei did, tooke their
iorncy. In the which thei ware sore troubled, and hardc bcstadde, for lacke of water. In
this distresse, whf thei ware now ready to lye them downe, & die for thirst, Moyses espicngc
a great heard of wilde Chamelles comming fro their ficdinge, and going into woddic place
thcr bcsiflc, folowed them. And iudginge the place not to be without watre, for that he
sawc it fresshe and grene, digged and founde plenty of walrc. VVherwith when thei had re-
leued the selues, thei passed on. vi. d.iies iourney: and so exploytcd that the seuenth daye
thei had beaten out all the enhabitatintes of the contry, where thei builte their Citie, & their
temple. Moyses then to the entent he might satlc the peoples hartes towarde him foreuer:
dciiiscd them newe ordrcs, and ceremonies cleane contrary to all other nacions. For (saieth
Cornelius) Looke what so euer is holy amonge vs, the s;une is amonge them the contrary. And
what so euer to vs is vnla\vlii!!e, that same is compird lawefull amonge theim. The ymagc
of the beastc that shewed them the wave to the waters, and the ende of their wanderinge :
did thei set vp in their cliambres, and ofl're vnto it a nnnbe, in the despight of lupiter Hani-
mo, whom we worship in (he fourmc of a Hrimbe. And because the Fgiplians wor?)hip])e
their goddesse Apis in the fourme of a cowe, therfore thei vse to slca also in s.acrifice a cowe.
Swines flcsshc thei eate none, for that ihci holde opinion tlmt (his Kynde ol beaste, of it selfe
beinge disposed to be sKoruie, mighte be occasion againe to enfecte them of newe. The se-
neiiih daye tliei make holy day. That is to say sj)endc awaic in ydlcnes and rest : for that
on the seuenth daye, they founde reste of tlieyr wandering, and misery. And when they
had caughic a saunur in this hcdye daye loytering : it came lo passe in procrs-ie ol Ivme, that
thei made a longe holydaye also of the whole seuenth \ere : Hut other holde opinion that
thei do ob>eruc s\iche mancr of holye daics, in ll>e honour ol .Safurnc the god of lasting and
famine: with whose whippe thei are lolhe againe to be punisshcd. Tiieirbreade is vnleauencd.
These ceremonies and deuises, by what meanes so euer tiici ware broughl in amonge them,
thei do stiflfely defende. As thei are naturally giuen, lo be -tille in beliele, and depe in loue
with their owne althoughe towarde al other thei he m(>st halrlull enemies. So that thei nei-
ther will eate ne drincke with tiiem : no nor lye in the ch.unbre thai a straungcr of a nothcr
iiacion lyelh in. A people allouithcr giucn vnto leailurv, and vet absteining from the en-
br binges of tiie straungcr. Finongc them selues thei iudge noliiinge vnlawlull. Thei dr-
iiiscd to rouile of the forcskinuc ol their yarde (whiclic we call lircumcision) bec.iiisc thei
would haue a notable knowledge betwene the, and other na( ions. And the (irsle lesson thei
teachc vnto their ( hildren, is to despise the goddes. The soules of iliosc' y die in tormenles,
or Ml warre, thei iudge to be immortall. A roiitinuall feare h.iue ihri, i*;: a regard of heauen
and lielle. And where the Fgiptians honour many similiiudes and Images ol beastes, and
other cri atures, whiihe tlici make tliem selues; the lewes onely doe hoix ur with their spirite
and minde, and c<inceiue in their vndrestandyng, but one onely (;o(lheade. ludging all
other that worshippe tlie linages of creatures, or of mani^e: to bee vngodlie and wicked.
These and n.any other (hinges doth Cornelius wril(\ a:id Trogus also in his. xxxvi. booke.

There ware amonge the Icwe.s thre seucralle sectes, dideryng in life from the rcast of the

people.

jing all

Jsie. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

people. The Phariscis, the Sadduceis, and the Esseis. The Phariseis vsed a certcinc rough
solempnesse of apparcille, and a very skante fare: determinyn;; the Tradicions of Moyses,
by certein ordenaunccs and decrees, whiche thei themselues sette vp. Thei caricd vpon their
forehcades and on their lefte armefl, pretie billcttes of Paper, facioned for the place, wherein
ware written the tenne preceptes of J two Tables. And this did thei for that the Lorde saieth :
And these shall thou haue (meanyng the commaundementes) as a remembraunce haging
before thine eyes, and alwaie ready at thine hande. These ware called their Philacteries, of
these two woordes Phylcxi and Thorat, wherof the former signifieth to Kiepe, and the other,
the Lawe. These mcnne also hauyng vppon their skirtes muche broder gardes then other,
"tackc them full of Thorncs, whiche beatyng and prickyng them on the hieles as thei wente,
might piilte them in remembraunce of the cOmaundemetes of God. Thei attributed all
thyngcs vnto Gud, and dcstcnic, whiche thei call Emarmeni. Neuertheles thei graunted,
that it laie muche in the free choise of manne : either to doe, or not to doe the thinges that
are iust and godiic, but yet destenie to helpe in al cases. Whiche destenie thei thought to
depende of the influence of the bodies aboue. Looke what their superiours and Elders had
saied, or answered to any dcmaunde, thei neuer wdulde contrarie it. Thei belieued that
GOD should come to ludgc the worlde, and that ail soules ware cuerlastyng. And as for
thesoules of the good, thei helde opinion, that thei passed from one bodieto another, vntill
the dale of the gencrall resurrection. But the soules of the wicked, to be plonged into
cucrlasting prison & dogco. The name of Pharisei was giue vnto them for that thei ware
disguised fro y comunc mancr of other, as ye would saie, Sequestred.

The Saddiiccis denied that there was any destenie, but that God was the beholder of all,
and that it laic in the choise of manne, to doe well or euill. And as for ioye or sorowe that
the soule should su (Ire a ft re this life, thei denf.d. Neither belieued thei any resurrection :
because thei (houghtc the soulo died with the bodie. Thei would not belieue that there ware
any spiritcs, good or bad. Neither wou'd thei receiue more of the Bible, then the fine
bnokcs of \foses. Thei ware sternc men, and vncompaignable : not so muche as ones
kepyng felowshippe one with another. For the whiche sternesse, thei named theimselue.s
Sadtluceis, that is to saie iustc menne.

The Esseis ware in nil pointes veric like vnto our cloisterers, abhorryng manage and the
companie of woir.cn. Not for that thei condempned Mariage, or the procreation of issue,
but for that thei iudgcd a manne ought to be ware of the intemperauncie of women. And that
no woman kept herself true to her husbade. Oh shameful opinion, and muche better to be
reported by the dead, then to be credited of the quicke, bee it neuer so true. Thei
possessed all thinges in commune. As for checkes or reuilinges, was to the muske and honie,
and slouenly vndaltinesse, a greate comelinesse. So ihat thei ware alwaie in a white surcote,
.-ill was well. Thei h:id no certein abiding in any one citie : but Cellcs ouer all, where so
euer thei became, llclore the risyng of the Sonne, thei spake nothyng that touched any
worldly ad'aire: but praied the sonne to rise. After whose vprijste thei laboured vntill eleuen
of the clocke. And then, washyng firste their whole bodie in water : thei satte doune
together to meate, in ^(>lempne silence euery manne. Swearing they compted forswear-
yng. Thei admitted no manne to their secte, vndre a yere of probation. And al'tre what
time thei had rr( eiiicd him : yet hatl thei two yeres more to prouc hi.s maners and con-
dirions. Siicho as thei looke with a faulte, thei draue fro their copaignie. Kniovned by
the waie ofpenaunie, lo go a gr.isiiig like a beast, vntill hisdieng daie. When tcnne ware
sette in a rompatiie logtther, no one if them spake without the consete of the other nvne.
Thei would not spifte within the |)reriiicte of the compaignie emong theim, ne veat on their
rightc side. They kept the S.ibl)oih with siiche a prccisenesse, that thei woulil iiot that daie,
case n.mire of ihe belie bunion. And who vpon other daies, nature forced theim to that ease-
monte, thei ciiiod with tliciin a lille spado of woodo, wherewith in place mosfe secreate,
thei vsed lo disigc .t lille pit, to laie their hoalie in. And in the i \e of dovng, thei al.so
vsod a very grealo rirniinspeclioii, that their clothes laie close to the grounde rounde aboiitc
theim, for ollendiog (saied thei) of the Maiestie of God. Vpon whiche respecte, thei also

couercd

101

' llV !

^«i'»

-I'.

i r.-

1 i I

I'.

v.li

•fl

#^'i

'ill

103

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Aaie.

couered and bewried it, assone as thei had done that nature required. Thei ware of verie
Jong life, by the reason of the vnifourme diete that thei vsed, alwaie aftre one rate of fare :
whiche was onely the fruicte of their countrie Balm'^. Thei occupied no ntoney. If any
maane sutfercd for wel doyng, or as wrOgfuUy c 'idempned, that thoughte thei the beste
kinde of death. Thei helde opinion that all soulea ware made in the beginnyng, and put
in to bodies from tyrae to tyme, as bodies did niede them. And for the good soules beyng
ridde of their bodies againe, thei saied there was a place appointed beyond the Weast Occeati,
where thei take repose. But for the euill, thei appoincted places toward the East, as more
stormie colde & vnpicasante. Ther ware amoge them that prophecied thinges. Some of
them gaue themselues to wedlocke : least if thei should be of the oppinion that men oughte
to absteine vttrely from women, mankinde should fade, and in procesae be extincte, yeat vsed
thei the compaignie of their wiues nothing at riote.

The lande of Siria (whereof we hauc named lewrie a parte) is at thisdaie enhabited of the
Grekes, called Griphones, of the lacobites, Nestorians, Sarraccnes, and of two Christian
nations, the Sirians and Marouines. The Sirias vse to sale Masse, aftre the maner of the
Grekes : and for a space ware subiecte to the churche of Rome.

The Marouines agre in opinion with the lacobites. Their lettres and tongue are al one
with the Arabique. These Christianes dweile at the Mounte Libanus. The Sarraccnes,
whiche dweile aboute lerusale (a people valeaut in warre) delighte muche in housbandric
and tilthe. But contrary wise, thei that enhabite Siria, in that poincte are nothing wortli.
rhe Marouines are feawe in nonibre, but of all other thei are the hardieste.

1 The. V. Chapifre.

H Of Media, and the maners of the Medes.

MEdia (a countrie of Asia) as Solinus writcth, toke the name of one Medus, the sonne of
Medea & Egeus, kyng of Athenes. Of who the people ware also called Medes. But
losephus affimieth that it was so named of Mcdius, tlie sone of lapheth. This countrie, as it
is senc in Ptolomie, hath on the Northe, the sea named Hircanum, on the West Armenia,
and Asiiria, on the Souihe Pcrsie, and on theast Hircania and Parthia. Sauing that betwixli*
Parthia and it, there ronneth a mounteigne, that sepcratcth their frontiers. The feactes that
thei mooste exercise, are shootyng and ridvng. Wherein thei be righte expcrte, & almoste
(for those (jiiartrcs) without matclie or fclowc. It hathe bene there a longe continued and
auiicientc lu-itomc, to honour their kyngcs like goddes. The rounde cappe, whiche thei cat
Tiara: and their long slieued garmentcs, passed from them to the Persians, together with
the Empire. It was a peciilirr manor vsed of the Kyngcs of the Medes, to hauc many wiues.
Which ihyng was iiftrcwarde also t.iken by of the communes: so that at lengthe it was thought
Miinicte to haue Icawer wines tlioii scucn. It was also a goodlie thyng for a woman to hauc
many husbandes : and to be without fine at ones, was comptcd a miserable state. The
.Medes eiitre leagues and coiicnauntes, both aftre the inancr of the Grekes, and also with
drawing bloud vpO some parte of the arme aboute the shouidrc, one of another, whiche thei
\se to iicke echo of others bcxiy. All that parte of the coufrey that licth towanic the
Nurthc, is barrein and vnlVuiclelulIe. Wherefore thei vse to Uiake store of their fruicte, and
to drie them, and so to worke them into a masse or lumpe for their foode. Of rostrd
Almondes thei make their breade: and their wine of the rootes of certein herbcs. Thei eatc
great plentic of the fleshc of wildc bcastes.

5J The. vi. Chapitrc.

•[ Of Parthia, and the maner of the Parthians.

A Ceiieine nombrc of Otitlawes and Iknisshed menne, called Parihic, gaue name to this
Countrie : Afire siichc lime as l)y train, and stealth thei had gotten it. On the Southe ii
liath Carmania, on the North Hircanum, on the Wtast the .Mcadcs, and on the Ea>te the

couutrv

Asie.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

103

me lo tliis
Southc it
Ea>te till-
coiintiN

country of Arabia. The countrie is hilly, and full of woddes, and of a barreine soyle. And
a people which in the time of the Asstriens, and Medes, ware scatite knowen, and litle
estiemed. In so moche that when ^ highe goiiernaunce of the whole (whiche the Grekei;
call the Monarchic) was yelded into the hades of the Persians : thei ware made a butin, as
a nombre of raskallcs without name. Laste of all thei ware slaues to the Macedonies. But
afterward in processe of time, suche was the valeautenes of this people, and such successe
had thei : that thei became lordcs, not ouer their neighbours onely rounde aboute theim,
but also helde the Romaines ( the conquerours of the worlde) suche tacke, that in sondrie
warres they gaue them great ouerthrowes, and notablye endamaged their power. Plinie
reherseth. xiiii. kingdomes of the Parthians. Trogus calleth them Emperours of the East
part of the worlde. ' Asthoughe they, and the Romaines holding the Weste, had deuided the
whole betwixte them.

Afire the decaye of the Monarchic of the ^facedonians, this people was ruled by kinges.
Whome generally by the name of the first king, thei termed Arsaces. Nexte vnto the
kinges maicstie, the communaitie bare the swaye. Oute of whome they chase bothe their
Capteignes for the warres, & their gouernours for the peace time. Their language is a
speache mixtc of the Scithians, & Medes. Their appareil at the firste, was aftre their facion
vnlike to all other. But when thei grewe vnto power, louse and large, & so thinne : that
a man mighte see thoroughe it, aftre the facion of the Medes. Their maner of weapon, fie
armour, was the same that the Scithians vsed. But their armies ware altogether almoste of
slaues and bondemen, contrary to the maner of other peoples. And for that no manne hath
aucthoritie amonge them to giue fredome vnto anye of this bonde ofspring : The nombre
of them by continuauce, came vnto a greate multitude. These do thei bringe vp, and make
of as deerly, as thei do of their owne children : teachinge them to ride, to shote, to throwe
the darte, and suche like feales, with great diligence, and handsomenes. Eche communer-
thcr, acording to his substaunce, findeth a greate nombre of these to serue the kinge on
horsebacke, in all warres. So that at what time Anthonie the Romaine made warre vpon
the Parthians, wher thei mette him with fyftie thousande horsemen : there ware of the whole
nombre but eyghte hundred fre borne. They are not skylfull to fighte it oute at hande
stripes, ne yeat in the maner of besieging or assaulting : but all together aftre the maner of
skirmisshe, <i8 thei spie their aduantage. Thei vse no trompet for their warninges or onsettes
but a dromme : neither are thei able to endure longe in their fighte. For yf they ware so
good in continuaunce, as thei be violcnte at a bnmte : ther ware no multitude able to sus-
tcine their force. For the moste parte thei brcake of, when the skirmishe is euen at the
whottest. And within a while aftre thei fcigne a flight, wher with thei beginne ngaine a
iicwr onsctte. So when thou thinckest thy selfe mooste sure of the honour of the fielde, the
arte thou at the poinct of the hardest hasarde. Their horsmen vse armour of mayle entre-
laccd with fethers : bothe for their owne defence, & the defence also of their horses. In
times passed thei occupied no golde ne siluer, but only in their armour. Vpon regarde of
chaunge in their luste, thei mary echeone many wines and yet punishe thei none ofTece so
grcuounly as adultery. For the auoyding whereof, thei doe not onely forbidde their women
by gencrall rcstrainte from all feastcs, and banckcttinges of men ; but also from the sighte
of them. Some neuerthclesse do wrighfc, amonge the whiche Strabo is one, that thei vse to
giue their wiues sometime to their fricndcs, as in 5' waye of mariagc, that thei maye so haue
issue. Thei eate none other fleshe but suche as thei kylle at the chace. Thei be euer on
horsel)a<:ke, whether thei go to tlic fielde or the banket, to bye, to selle, to cOmune of aughte
uilh their fricnde, or «o do any thing that is to be done. Yea thei dispatche al commune and
priuate afT'aircx, sittingc on hur-icbackc. And this is to be vnderstonden of the fre borne :
lor the slaues arc alwaics on foote. Their buriall for all menne (sauinge the kinge) is the
doggcs healy, and the kytes Hut when thei or suche like haue eaten of, the fleshe, the
I oucr thei the bare bones with earth. Thei haue great regarde vnto their goddes, & the
worship due vnto them. Thei are men of a proude nature, busie medlers, and sedicious,
I rafiic, dccciptiull, malaparti', aud vnshamcfaccd : for ihci holdc opinion that it becometh

the

I '... *V'

:.' 11

ht\\

1 Bl '..

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I .

Wi.

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■ A

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"At
It

, ,1!

104

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

^sie.

the man aswell to be sterne, as the woman to be milde. Thei be eiier in some stirre, either
tvitli their neighbours, or elles amonge them selues. Men or Tewe wordos, and readier to
doe, then to saye. And therefore whether it go with them or against the, thei lappe it vp
in scilence. Tiiei obey not their superioura for any rcuercnce, but for feare. Altogether
giucn to lechery, and yet skante in fiedinge. No farther trewe of worde or promesse, then
senicth them expediente for their owne behoue.

f The. vii. Chapiter.
IT Of Persia, and the maners and ordinaunces of the Persians.
PErsia (a countrie of the Easte) was so c.illcd of Persiiis the Sonne of .Tupiter and Danae.
Of whome the chiefc cilie of the kingedome also, was named Persepolis, whiche in Englishe
soudcth Perseboroughc (or as we corruptly terme it) Pcrscburic, and the whole nacio Per-
siens. This countrie as Ptolemie writeth in his llueth bookc, huth on the Northe, Media :
on the West, Susiana : on the Easte, the two Carmanines : and on the Southe, an inshot of
the Sea, called the Bosome of Parthia. The famous cities thereof, were Axiama Persepolis
and Diospolis. By the name of lupiter thei vnderstode the whole hcauen. Thei chiefely
honour the Sonne, whom thei calle Mitra. Thei worship also the Mone, the planet Venus,
the lyre, the earthe, the water, and the windes. Thei neither haue aiiltare nor temple, nor
ynia<;e, but celebrate their deuine seruice vndrc the open heaucn vpon some highe place
for that purpose appoincted. In doinge sacrilire thei haue no farther rcspecfe', but to take
awaye the life from the beaste. As hauing opinion, that forasmnchc as the goddes be spi-
lilcs, thei delighte in nothinge but the spiritual parte, the soule. Before they slea it, thei
set it aparte by them, with a corone vpon the heade, and heape vppon it many bittrc ban-
ningcs and curses. Some of the narion notwithstandingc, when thui ha\ie slaine the beaste :
vse to lay parte of the olfalle in the fire.

When thei sacrilie vnto the fire, they timbre vp drie stickes together, cleane without
pille cr barrke. And after what time thei haue powrcd on ncales tallowe, and oyle, thei
kindle it. Not biowiiiK with bla^^te of biowes-ie or luouthe : but makinge winde as it ware
with a vrntile, <-r trcnchoiir, or siichc like ihinge. For \f any m;innc either blowc into if.
or caste in any dcade thing, or any dune, or puddle, it is dralhc to the doer. The Persians
boare siirhe rcuercnce to their tlondes, that thei neither wasshc, pyssc, nor throwe deade
carc.ise into thcin. No not so mochc as spiite into thfe : But very reuerentiye honour tlieir
water aCiei- this inancr. Comminse to lake, mere, floude, ponde, or springe : thei trciiche
out a lillc diche, and thcr cut thei the throte of the s.icrvtice. Being well ware, th;it no
ilroppc (if blode sprinrklc into the wnter by. As thoughe all water ware polluted and vn-
h:il(i\vcd oner all : yf that should happen. That done their iNfagi ( that is to snv men ^kvl-
fiii in y secretes of nature) layeng the llcsli vppon a hea|)c of Mvrtus, or Lairelle, niui
lyinhryii!; smulle waiules about, sctte fyre thereon i*v: hrcnne vt. And pron(iiinc\ ng ceriein
ciirscs, they myngle oyle, mylke, and iiony togellicr, and sprinkle into the fvrc. But thee
uirsingcs make they not .ngainst the fyre nc water. Hut a'i;iiMst the earthe, a jireate whvle
t<>'4iiether r holding in their hande a boudlc of sm.ille niyrle wandes. Their kinges reignc
l)v siu icssid ol one kindred or stocke. To whom who so obeveth not, hath his heade iV-
:irnie.s striken nl : and so wythout buriall is throwe out for karreine. I'olieritus slieweih that
• iicry king of the Persians, buyldeth his house xpo a greatc li; and iher (idiirdeth \p all

the tiireasure, tribute, I'i: ta\e that he receyiieth (f the people; to be a reeorde after his
deathc how goi>d a husbonde he hath bene for y comune wealihe. .Suche of the suhie* fes
as d\velle vpon the sea e(';i«f, are taxed to paic money. But those that irhahile toward the
niydde londe ; suche coinodities as the (juaiire beareth or hath wher they dwelle. .\s apo-
tnecary dniggues, woolle, coulours, &: suche like and cati'illc ;:cc(irdinf;ly. lie is n<t per-
mitted anv one cause, to pulte any man to dc.ith Neitlier is it lawfiiil f r any other of the
Persians to execute any thvng :igainst any of his house or stoi k, lint in.ii- ^irine in anv
wvse cruellc. luii'ry one uf them marie many wir.es; N; hokic m.iny combines aJso beside,
I'.T the encrcnse "(' i«sne.

The

^gfg^ TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

The king Proclahneth rewardc vnto him, that vrithin one yere begetteth most children.
Fiue yere aftre thei are begotten, thei come not in the fathers sight, by a certein ordenaunce
vsed emong theim : but are broughte vp continually emong the women. To the ende that
if the childe fortune to dye in the time of his infancie, their fathers grief maie be the lesse.
Thei vse not to marie but in one tyme of the yere : toward midde Marche. The bride-
grome eateth to his supper, an apple of that countrey, or a litle of the maribone of a Cha-
mel : and so without any farther banquetting goeth to bedde. From fiue yeres olde, to
twentie and fowre, thei learne to ride, to throwe the Darte, to shoote, and chiefly to haue a
tongue voide of all vntruthe. For their nourituryng and trainyng in good maners, thei haue
appoincted thcim Masters of greate sobrenes and yertue, that teache them dicties, and
pretie songes, conteinyng either the praises of their Goddes, or of some worthy Princes.
Whiche sometime thei sing, and sometyme recite without note : that so thei mighte learne
to confourme their Hues vnto theirs, whose praises thei sieme themselues to allowe. To this
lesson assemble thei alwaie together, at the calle of a Trompette. And as thei growe into
yeres, an accompt is required of th8 how well thei haue borne awaie the lessons of their
childhode. Thei vse to ronne the race, & to course, bothe on horsebacke and on foote :
at the leadyng of some noble mannes sonne, chosen for the nones. The field for the race,
is at least thre mile and thre quarters longe. And to the ende that heate or colde should
the lesse trouble them, thei vse to wade ouer brookes, and swimme ouer riuers, Sc so to
rowme and to hunte the fieldes, and to eate & drinke in their armour, and wctte clothes.
The fruyes that thei eate are akecornes, wild Peares, and the fruicte of the Terebinthine tree.
But their daiely foode aftre their ronnyng, and other exercises of the bodie : is hard Bis-
quette, or a like crustie breade, Hortechocques, Gromelle sedc, a litle roste flesshe or sodden,
whether thei lust : and faire water their drincke. Their maner of Huntyng, is with the
bowe, or the Darte on horsebacke. Thei are good also in the slynge. In the forenoonc
thei plantc and graffe, digge vp settes, stubbe vp rootes, make their owne armour, or fisshe
and foulc, with the Angle or nctte. Their children are decked with garnishyrgcs of golde.
And their chief iuelle is the precious stone Piropus, whiche thei haue in suche price, that
it maie come vppon no deade corps. And that honour giue thei also to the fire, for the
reucrencc thei bcare there vnto. From twentie, till fiuetic : thei folowe the warres. As for
bycng and sellyng, or any kinde of Lawe prattle, thei vse not. Thei cary in their warres,
a kindc of shieldes facioned like a losenge, a quiure with shaftcs, & a curtilacc. On their
heades a copintancke, embatled aboute like a turrette, and a brestplate emboussed, of skaled
woorke. The princes and menne of honour did weare a treble Anaxirides, facioned muche
like a coate armour, and a long coate doune to the knees, with hangyng slieues acordyng.
The oiit>ide colours, but the lining white. In Somer thei weare purple, and in Wintre
Medlcis. The abillementcs of their heades, arc muche like the frontlettes that their Magj
doe weare. The conume people are double coated doune to the midde Leggue, and haue
about their hcade a greate rolle of Scndalle. Their beddes and their drinking vesscll, are
garnished with gold. Whe thei haue matier of moste importaunce to common of, thei
debate and cocludc in the middes of their cuppcs : thinkyng it muche surer that is so deter-
mined, then aftre any other sobrer sorte. Acqueintaiincc mieting of equall degre, grietc
one another with a kisse. But the infcriour mietyng with his bettre, enclineih his bodie
foreward with lowc reucrcnce. Thei bcwrie their corpses in the grounde, cearyng them all
ouer with waxc. Their Magiccns thei leauc vnbcwried, for the foules to dissjietthe. The
1 hildren there, by an ordcnaiinee no where dies vsed : doc carnallv knowe tlicir mothers
Thus haue ye heard what the maners of ilic Persians ware somctyme.

Herodotus rcherseth certeiiie other, their faiions not vttrely vnworthc the tcllyngc. Thai
thei comptcd it vilanie to l.tughc, or to spitte before the kyng. Thei thought it foudenes in
the Grekcs, worthie to be laughed at, to imagine goddes to be sprong vp of menne. What
HO riicr was dishoneste to be done, that thouglite thei not honest to be spoke. To be in
debt was muche dishonour, but of all tliinges moste vile for to lie. Thei v.se not to bewrie
their deade bodies, vntill thei haue bene torne with dogges, or with fowlcs And the
vol.. V. V pai antes

105

v. I ''1)1

i*'

It!

i-.f

Ik .!

106

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Aaie.

parenies brought to niedinesse, vsc there to make cheuisaunce of their doughters bodies,
whiche emong no nation elles was euer allowed. Howbeit some holde opinion, that it was
'.)lso the propretie of the Babilonians, The Persians at this daie, beynge subdued of the
Saracenes, and bewitched with Mahometes brainsicke wickednesse, are cleane out of memo-
ric. A people in those daies, whiche through their greate hardinesse and force, ware of long
tyme Lordes of the Easte parte of the worlde. But now tombled cleane from their aun-
ciente renowme, and bewried in dishonour.

f The. viij. Chapitre.

1[ Of Ynde, and the vncouthc trades and maners of life of the people therein.

YNde, a Countrie also of the Easte, and the closyng vp of Asia toward that quartre : is
saied to be of suche a maigne syse, that it male be copared with the thirde parte of the
whole earth. Pomponius writeth, that aloge the shore, it is fowrtic daies sailyng the nighte
also comprised therein.

It tooke the name of the floude called Indus, whiche closeth vp the lande on the Weste
side. Beginnyng at the Southe sea, it stretcheth to J Sonne risyngc : And Northwanl to
the mout Caucasus. There are in it many greate peoples : and Tounes and Cities so thickc,
that some haue reported them in nombre fuie thousande. And to saie tnithe, it oughte not
to sieme greatly straunge vnto folkcs though the coutrie be reported to hauc suche a nom-
bre of Tounes, or to be so populous : coiisideryng that of all other, the Yndiens alone,
neuer discharged theim selues of any ouerplus of issue, as other haue done : but alwaie
kcpte their owne ofTspryng at home in their owne countrie. Their principnll floudcs arc
Ganges, Indus, and Hypanis. But Ganges farrc passcth in greatnes the other twaine. This
lande by the bcnefite of the battling breathe of the gctle VVcast windc, rcapetli come twi.^c
in tlic ycrc. And other Wintre hath it none, but the bittrc bhstcs of Thcastcrly wiiulcs
called Etcsia;. Thci lacke wine, and yet some men rcjjorte, that in the quartre called Afu-
sica, there groweth a good wine grajie. In the Sojithc parte thereof, growcth Nardus, Cin-
naniome, I'epcr and Calamus aromaticus: as doclh in Arabia and Acthiope. The woodilc
Ebciiiiin (whiche some suppose to be our Guayacum) j^rowclh there, and not ellcs where.
Likewi.se of the Popiniayc and the Vnicorne. As for precious stones, IJerallc, Prasnes, Dia-
mantcs, firie Carbuncles .nnd Pcarlcs of all sortcs, be found there iu greate picntie. Tlui
haue (woo Sommcrs, softe pimpelyng wiudcs, a mildc aier, a rancke soile, and abundaunec
of walre. Diuersc of them therefore Hue an hundred & thirlie yercs. Namely cmong the
Musiranes. And omong the Sorites, yet somewhat longer.

All the Yjulians generally, weare log heare : died cither afire a bright asshc coulour, or
ellcs an Orengc tawnic. Their cliief icuclles, are of Pcarlc and precious stones. 'I'hcir
appareilio is vcrie diners : and in fewe, one like another. Some go in Mantles of Wollcn,
sdiue of I.innen some naked, some oncly briechcd to couuer the priuities, and sonic wrappeil
ahi'ute with pillcs, and lithe barckes of trees. Thci are all by nature blacke of licwc : cue
Ml died in their mothers wobe arordyng to the disposieio of the'fathers nature, whose siede
also is l)Ia( ko : as like wise in the Acthiopians. Talle men and strongly made. Thti arc
very spare ficilers, namely when thci are in Campc. Neither deli<;hte thei in muchc prcisse.
Tiiti arc a'; 1 saicci, greate deckers .ind trimmers of them selues, haters of theft. Thei line
by 1. .se, but not written. Thei hauc no knowledge of Ictlrcs, but administer altogether
without bduke. And for y thei are voide df guile, and of very sobre diete : all thing pros-
pcretli \,cll ,\ith the. Thei driiike no wine, liut when thei Sacrilie to their goddcs. But
their (iiinikc is a bruagc that tlici make sometyme of Ri/e, sometymc of Barlie. Their
mcate for the m(K)>te parte is s()U|)vngos made also of Hize.

In ilieir lawcs, bargaiucs, and cou* nannies, thi-ir siirpliritie ind true ineanyng well ap-
pcareth : for tluit tliei neuer are miirhe eontcnci'ius aboule the. Thei h„iie no Lawcs con-
cernyng plc(l;,'es or tin uj^ex (.oiniiiitled to another inannes kiepyii^;. No wisncssynges, no
handwrityiiges, no scaly nges, nc swthc like tokes of trecheric ancl vii'::i.-' . uut without all

these.

r .

Asie.

•rs bodies,
that it was
lucd of the
: of memo-
are of long
their aun-

rem.

quartre : ia
jarte of the
5 the nighte

11 the Weste
[orlhwanl to
fs 80 thicke,
: oiighte not
iche a nom-
liens alone,
but alwaie
floudcs arc
*aine. This
come twi.^e
tcrly wiiulcs
: called Mu-
lardus, Cin-
Thc woodde
dies where.
fasiu's, Dia-
jntie. Tlu'i
abiindaiuuc
^ cinong tlic

coulour, or

ines. Their

of Wollcii,

nic wrapped

iicwc ; cue

whose siede

Thei arc

he |)reasse.

The! liuc

altogether

thing pros-

ddes. But

rlic. Their

n)i well ap-
Lawes con-

ssyn;;e.s, no

with< ut all

these.

Asie,

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

these, thei tniste and be trusted, thei bclicue and are belieued, yea, thei oftentymes leaue
their houses wide open without keper. Whiche truely arc all greate signes of a iuste and
vprighte dcalyng emong them. But this peraduenture can not seatle well with euery mannes
fantasie: that thei should liue eche mannc aparte by himself, and euery body to dine and
to suppe when he lust, and not all at an howre determined. For in dede for the felowshippe
and ciuiiitie, the contrary is norr allowable. Thei commcde and occupie muche as a com-
mune exercise, to nibbe their bodies: specially with skrapers made for the nones. Aftre
whiche, thei smothe them ^.lues again with Ebenum, wherof I spake afo: \

In their Toumbes, and Bewrialles, very plaine and nothyng costlie : But i. trimming and
arraieng of their bodies, to, to, gaude glorious. For there aboute thei neither ,->ire gold,
no precious stone ne any kind>* of silkc that thei hauc. Thei dclightc muche in ^.amentes
of white Sarcenet. And for that thei sette muche by beautie, thei cary aboute with thcim

Iihanelles to defende them fro the sonne, and leaue nothyng vndonc, that maketh for the
)ettre grace of their faces. Thei sette asmuche by truthc alone, as by all other vertues
together.

Age hath there no prcrogatiue, except thei winne it with their wisedome, and knowledge.
Thei haue many wiues, whiche thei vse to buye of their parentes for a yoke of Oxen. Some
to scrue them as their vndrelynges, and some for pleasure, and issue. Whiche male ne-
uerthelesse vse buttoke banquetyng abrode ( for any lawe or custome there is to restreine
theim) excepte their housebandes by fine force, can compelle them to kepc close.

No one emong the Yndians either sacrifieth coroned, ne oflreth odours, ne liquours. Thei
wounde not their Sacrifice in no mancr of wise : but smore hym by stopping the breath.
Least thei should ofTre any mangled thing vnto God, but that that ware in euery parte whole.
He that is conuiete of false witncssyng, hath his fingres cutte of by the toppe ioinctes. He
that hath taken a limme from any manne, sufTreth not onely the like losse, but loselh also
his hande. But if any mil hauc taken from an artificer, his hande, or his eye, it lieth hym
vpon his heade.

The kyng hath a garde of bought women : who take chardgc of his bodie, and haue the
trimmyng and ordcryng thereof, the residue of the armie, remainyng without the gates. If
the Kyng fortune to be droncken, it is not onely lawfull for any one of these women to slea
hvm : but she shall also as in the waie of rewarde, be coupled in mariage to the nexte king.
Whirhc (as is saied) is one of his sonnes, that afore enioied the Croune, It is not lawliill
for the king to sicpe by daic time : and yet in the night tymc to auoidc trecheric, he is
f()rce<l euery hoiire to change his chambre. When he is not in rampe, he ofte tymes cometli
abroade : bofhe to giuc sentence, and to heare mafiers dependynjj in question. And if it
be lime of daie to trimmc his bmlie: he bothe hcareth the pleaes, 8c is rubbed in the meane
M-ason with the skrapers afore mentioned, by thrc of his women. He cometh furthe also
loSarrifices, and to hunting: Where he is accompaignied with a rable of women, in as good
onire as o'irs ware wonte to be vpon Hockc Mondaic. His waie is ranged with ropes, and
his garde of menne abidcth without. But if it fortune any to stcale in, to the women
(whiche is contrary to their onlre & duetie) he loseth his heade ftr it. There go afore hym
Tabours and Belles. When he hunteth in places fenscd aboute, two or thre armed women
standc prcste, for his aide, and defence. But when he hunteth in open place, he is caried
\ppon an Cliphante: & euen so sittyng on his backc shooteth, or throweth the darte at his
gan.'C. Some of his women ride vppon Horses, some vpon lilephantcs. As likewise in the
warres, where thei fight with all kindc of weapons skilfully.

Suihc inenne also as hauc gathered lhin!;es into writynges, rccordc : that the Yndians
worshippe as their goddes the father of raine lupiter : Ganges their floude, and the familiar
spiritcs I'f their tountric. And when their kyng washeth his heade, thei make solempne
fc.i>t, am' scndc his highnes greate giftes, eche mfi enuycnge other, who maye shewc hym
self moste riche, and magnificent.

The commune wealthc of the Yndians, was sometyme deuided into scuen states or de-
grees. The Sages (whiche other calle Philosophers) ware of the first ordre, or state: the

P 2 whiche

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VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

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whiche although t!iei ware in nombre feawfr then any of the rest : yet ware the! in honour
and dignitie aboutc the kyng, Tarre abouc all other. These inenne (priuiledged Trom all
busines) neither be troubled with office, ne be at any mannea commaundemente : But re*
ceiue of the commune* suche thingeo as serue for the Sacriticcs of their goddes, and arc
requisite for bewrialles. Aa though thci ware bothe well acqueinted, and beloued in heaue,
and knewe muche of the trade in helle. For this cause haue thei bothe giftes and honour
largely giucn the. And in very diede thei do muche good among the people. For in thu
beginning of J yere, aasemblyng together, thei foreshewe of raine, of droutlie, of winde
and of sickenesse : and of suche like thynges as maie to profeight be foreknowen. For
asweil the kynge as the people, onv5 vndrestudyng their forcsawes, and knowyng the cer-
teintie of their iudgementes by former experience : shone the euilles, and are preste to
attende vpon that, that is good. But if any of their said Sages shall fortune to crre in his
foresight : other punishement hath he none, then for cuer after to holde his peace.

The seconde ordre is of housebande menne, whiche beyng more in nombrc then any of
the other states, and exemptc fro the warres, and all other labour: bentowe their tyme onely
in housebandrie. No enemie spoilcth the, none troubleth them ; but refraineth fro doing
them any hurtc or hinderaunce, vpon respect of the profighte that redoundeth to the whole,
throughe their trauailles. So that thci, hauyng llhcrtic without all feare to followe their
busines, are instrumetes and meanes of a blessed plenteousnesse. Thci with their wiuesand
children, dwell alwaie in the countrie, without resortyng to the founes or citie. Thei pale
rente to the Kyng (for all the whole Countrie is subiecte to their kyng) neither is it lawe-
full for any of the communes to occupie and posscsse any grounde, without paieynge rente.
And the housebande men beside this rente, yelde vnto the Kynges maiestie, a fmcth of their
fruictcs yerely.

The thirde ordre standcth all by brieders and fu'ders, of all sortcs, whiche like wise nei-
ther enhabite toune ne village : but with tentes, in the wilde fieldes. And these with hunf-
yng and foulyng in sondrie wise, so kiepe vndre the beastes and hurtcfull foules : that
whear other wise the housebande mcnne should in siedc tyme, and towarde harueste, be
muche acloycd and hyndered by the fowlcs, and theini sclues alwaie by the beastes, the
countrie is quiete fro al suche annoyiire.

In the fowrthe ordre are Artificers, and handicraftesmen. Whiche are deuided, some into
Smithes, some info Armourers, some for one purpose, some for another, xs is expedicntr.
These doe not onely liuc rente free, but also haue a ccrtaine f)f graine allowed them at the
kinges allowaunce.

In the fiueth ordre are the menne of warre, a greate nombrc daiely exercised in armcs,
bothe on Horscbacke, on Elephantes, and on foote. And all their Elephantes, and horses
miete for their warres, are found of the kinges allowaunce.

The sixteth ordre is of Surueiours or Nfaisters of reporte, whiche haue the ouersighte of
all thynges that are done in the realme, and the charge to bryng reaporte vnto the kyng.

In the seuenth place, are thei that be Presidetes, and heades of the commune coiisailles,
very fewe in nombre, but worthy me for their nobilitie and wisedome. Out of these arc
rhosen counsailours for the kynges Cnurtes, and officers to administre the commune wealth,
and to determine cotrouersies: yea, capitaines for the warres, and Princes of the realme.

The whole state of Ynde beyng deuided into these ordres or degrees: it is also ordeined,
that a man shall not marie out of the ordre, wherin his callyng lieth, ne chaunge his trade.
For neither maie the souldiour occupie housebandrie thoughe he woulde : ne the artificer!)
entremedle with the doctrine of the Sages.

There are also amonge the Yndians, persons of honour appointed to be as it ware Tutourn
of straungiers, to sec that no wronge be done them, to put ordre for their kepyng, and
Phisicke, if any falle sicke. As also (if it fortune any of the to die) for the bewrieng of
theim, and to dcliuer their goodes, and money to their nexte friendcs.

All causes are broughte afore the iudges, who heare the parties, and punysshethe offenders
dilifjently. Ther is no slauery amonge them. Yea, thei haue a certaine ordinaunce, that

none

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TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

109

none ghalbe slaue or bonde amonge them, but all fre, and of equalte aucihoritie and honour.
For thei holde opinion that who uo acciwtometh hia aelfe neither to be Lorde ouer other, ne
to wroBC any bodie : ^ man hath prepared him aelfe sauftie and ease what so euer shall hap-
pen hym by any aduenture. And a fonde thing ware it to make the lawes indifTerente for
Si and not to make the states of the men indifferente.

But because ther are in Inde manye sondrie contnes, diuerse bothe in people and tongue
(as in so large a thing mustc nedes happen) ye shall vndentonde that thei do not all alike
vse suche trade as I haue described, but in some places somewhat worse.

or those that lie towarde the Easte, some occupie brieding, and some do not. Other
dwellinge in the mershe, and fennes vpon the riuers side : occupie fisshing, and liue by the
same all rawe. And the beltre to worcke their feate, thei make them selues boates, of suche
canes as growe ther, of a wonderfull biggenes. So, that so muche of the cane as is betwixte
ioynctc and ioyncte, is a iuste proportion of timbre for one of their boates.

These of all the other Indians, are appareilled in matte, made of a certayne softe kinde
of mere rushes. Which when thei haue gathered out of the floude, and sliced oute in maner
of lace: they braude together muche like oure figge fraile, or suche like kinde of mattinge,
& make them selues ierkins therof.

Those that be yet by Easte of them, are brieders of cataille : and liue altogether with rawe
fleshe, and haue to name Padians. Whose condicions are sayde to be suche.

As often as it fortuneth any of their citezeins to be sicke, yf it be a manne: his nierest
friendes, and those that are moste aboute him, kylle him by and by, leaste (save thei) his
fleshe shoulde waxe worse. Yea, thoughe he woulde dissemble the matier, and denie him
self to be sicke, it boteth not. For withoute pardon, they kille him, and make a feaste with
him. If it be a woman, looke how the menne did by the manne, so do the women by a
woman. Likewise do thei with bothe sortes, when thei waxe croked for age, or become
impotente: where throughe, what by the one meanes and the other, none of them die for age.

Ther is another sorte of the Indians that kille no liuinge thing, ne plante, nor sowe, nor
buiide house ' but liue with herbes, and a ccrteine sede whiche groweth there of the owne
accordc, much like vnto gromelle, whiche thei gather with the cuppe or shelle that it grow-
eth in, and soseelh it, and eate it. If any of these falle sicke, he wandereth forthe into
!<ome descrte place, and therlaieth him downe: no manne taking hcde either to hislieng or
to his dicnge.

All these Yndians that I nowe haue spoken of, in quenching of natures heatc, vse their
women a.4 secretly as beastes do their females.

These Yndi.ins haue a kinde of sages, that the Griekes calle Gimnosophistac, whiche as the
worcle SophJMta soundeth now, might merily be interpreted briechelesse bablers. But as
ijophista did signifie then, naked Sages : or to giue one Grieke worde for a nother, naked
Philosophres. These (as Petrarche writeth) haunte the outcmoste borders, and shadowic
partes of that countrie, wadering naked accordinge to their name, vp and downe, heather
and theather, studienge, and searching the natures of thinges, the course of the heauens,
and the secretes of knowledge. Thei continued sometime al the whole daye from the sonne
rising, till his downe goinge : beholdinge the same with stedfaste eye, neuer tourning away
the heade (althoughe it be ther moste fcruently bote) searching and spienge aftre certaine
secretes in the body thereof.

At another time thei passe the day likewyse, standing one while on one legge, another
while on another in ^ bruilinge sande of that contrie. Froste nor snowe, nor firie heatc
greuetl not them.

Amonge these, is ther a people called Brachmanes, whiche (as Didimus their king wratc
vnto Alexandre when he wet aboute tu subdue them) liue a pure and simple life, led with
no likerous lustes of other mennes vanities. This people logeth for no more then nature
requyreth naturallye. Thei are content with suche fooide as commeth to hande, desiryng no
suche as other menne tourne the worlde almost vpside downe to haue, leauing no clemct
vnransakcd to gette a gowbin for their glotenous gorge : but suche as the earth vnploughed,

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110

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

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or vinloluij, yeldeih of tier self. And because thei arqueinte not their table with Kurret, in
dedc thci iinow not so many kindcM of sirkrncsies, no ho many names of diseaiie* m wc doe:
but thei betlrc knowewhat soundc hcalthc mcanetli, and staied continauncc of the same then
rucr weare like.

Thei hauc no nicdc to crauc one anothcn* heipe and rcliefe, wher no manne makcth
clayme by (thine) and by (myne) but euery manne taketh what he lusteth and lustcth no
more then he nicdeth, Knuie cannot dwell thcr, nc none of her impes, wher all be eqiialle,
and none aboiie other, and all alike poore, makcth all alike riche. Thei hane no ofHcers of
histice amonjr them, because thei do nothing that ought to bo punisshcd. Thcr can no lawc
appiere, because none ollece appcareth.

The whole people hath one onely lawe, to do nothinge against Inwe that nature prescril»eth.
I'o chcrishc labour, to barre out ydlenes, and banishe coll nr. ctyse. That lechery lickc
not away the vigour of their spirites, and strength : nor lai kc throwc menne in desperate
doompes. That eucry manne hath enoughe, wher nnminnc coiiettes more. Thar neuer
cotcnt, is of all other the moste cruell resiles plague. For whome she catchcth, she throwetli
a (ootc benclh beggery, whilcst thei cannc finde*none ende of their scrattinge, but the more
thci hauc, the fcllicr gnaweth their longing.

Thei warme by the Sonne, the deawe is their moisture, j^ riuer is their driiike, the fain-
groiulc their beddc. Care breaketh not their sleape, Comp'-using of vanities wearieth not
their mindc. Pride hath no stroke ouer them, among whom thcr is no diuersite. Ncithci
IS their any kinde of hondc knowen amonge them: but the bondage of the body to the
mindc whichc thei oncly allowe to be iuste.

For the building of their houses, they sende not ouer sea for stone, thci burne no Calion
to make lime to tcmprc their mortrc, thei bake no brirkcs, nor diggc no sande. Rut either
make them caues in the earthe, or take suche as thei finde ready made in the sides of the
mounteines and hillcs, Thcr dwel thei without feare of rage or ruinc, of weather or of
winde. He thincketh him self sauflier fenced fro showres with his cauc, then with a fcwc
tiles: and yet hath by it a double commoditie. A house while he liueth, & a graue ready
made when he dyeth. Ther is no glittering apparell, no ratfciinge in sylkes, no rusteling in
veluettes, but a litle brieche of brawdcd nisslics, or rather a coucring of honeste shame-
facednesse.

The women are not setfc oute to allure, ne pinched in to please, ne garnisshed to gase at.
No hearc diet!, no lockes oiitclaied, no face painted, no skinne slicked, no countrefeicfc
coutcn.uincc, nor mynsiiig of passe. No poticary practise, no ynckhorne termcs, nor pith-
Icssc pratlig. Finally no colours of hipucrisie, no meanes to set oute more beautie then
nature hathe giuc them. They ioyne not in engedrure for likerous lustc, but for the lone
of ysscwe and succession. Thci kepe no warrcs, but maintcine jKare: not with force, but
with peaceable behauour and maners. The father and the mother folowe not the childe to
y bewrialie. Thci builde no toumbes for the deade: more like vnto chirches then graues.
Thei bewry not vp their as>he9 in pottcs dasshed full of pearle and precious stone. For why
they estieme in these, neither the honour of the quitke, nc the pleasure of the deade: but
raither the trouble and paine of bothe. Pestilence or other diseases (.is I hauesayd) the
Abrahmanes are not annoyed with, for thei cnfectc not the aycr with any lilthye doinges.
liut nature alwaye with them, keapcth accorde with tlic season: and euery elemente histourne,
with oute stoppe or barre. Their Phisicqiic is abstinence, which is able not only to cure the
malndie already creptc in : but also to holde oute suche as otherwise niij;hte entrc. Thei
couette no sightes, nor shewcs of misrule: no disguisiiiges nor entrcludcs. Dut when thci
be disposed to liaue the pleasure of the stage, thei entre into the reijcstrc of their stories, &
what tht i finde thcrcmoste fit to be laughed at, that do thei lamentc & bcwailc. Thei dc-
lightc not as many do, to heare olde wiucs tales, and fantasies of Kobin Iloode : but in studi
ous considcracion of the wondreful workemanship of the world, & the perfect disposinge ol
thiogcs in suche ordrc of course and degree. Thci crosse no sease for mcrchaundise, ne
learne no odours of Hcthoricque. Thei iiaue one kindc of plaine eloquence commune to

them

^lU.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

Ill

', the fairc
aricth not
. Ncilliei
ody to th(>

I no Calion
Rut cither
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ither or of
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them all : tongue, ft harte agrcinge in truthe. Thei haue neither moote hallei. ne vniuersj.
tieii, whoae dinagreable doctrine more leaning to aplithe arte, then natural reason and expe-
rience, neuer bringeth anye ataye, or certeinte of thinges. One part of thi* people iudgeth
manea perfetcHtc bleascdne* to atandc in honentie. And a nothcr in pleasure. Not in the
tickelinges of the laile, or pamperingei of the bealy, more bitire then pleasaute as thou ma) c
vse them : but to lacke nothing that perfecte nature dcsireth, ne nothing to do that perfecte
nature misliketh. Thei thincke it no honour to God, to slea for him an innocele beast ; yea
thei say he accepteth not the sacrifice of men polluted with bloode, but rather loueth a wor-
ship voide of all bloodsheade. That is to saye, the humble entreatie of woorde, because that
proprcty only ( to be entreated with woordes) is commune to God and to manne. With this
therefore saye they he is pleased, because we somewhat resemble him self therin. And this
was the life of i vnchristencd Brahmanes, wher with we Christianes are so farre out of loue,
that we are afraid leaste any man should beleue it to be true.

The Yndians called Cathcin, haue eche man many wiues. And assone as any one husbande
fortuneth to die, his whole nOber of wiues assemble before the chiefeat iudges of the citie,
and there eche for her self, sheweth and allcdgeth her welle deseruinges towarde her house-
bande : how derely she loued him, howe muchc she tendered & honoured him. And she
that is by them indeed to haue borne her self beste in that bchaulfe, and to haue bene dier-
cst to her husbondc: she in the beste maner and moste gorgeous that she can deuise, tri-
umphing and reioysinge, getteth her vp vpon the funeralle pyle wher her housebandcs corps
licth ready to be brente, and ther kissinge and enbrasinge the deade body, is burned to-
gether with her housebade. So gladde is she to haue the victorie in the contencion of wiuely
chastitie, and honeste behauiour toward her husbande. And the other that lyue, thincke
them seines dishonoured : and escape not without spotte of rcproche as longe as thei liue.
Tiicirchildre in their inrnncic, are not nourished vp at the libertie and will of the parentes:
but certeine ther arc appointed to vicwe the children : whiche yf thei spie vntowardnes in the
infante, deformitic, or lackc of lynimcs, cominaunde it to be slayne.

Thei ioync not mariages for nobilitie of birthc, or aboundauncc of substaunce, but for
beauilic, and rather vpo regarde of frutc, then of Iiutc.

Certaine also anionic the Yndians haue this customc, that yf thei be of suche pouertie
that tlici be not able to niarye oute their doughtcrs : eucn in the floure of her age thei
bringe her, or them, fiirlhc into the mnrcatc with trompet & drome, or suche other their
noyses of warre : And their, aftrc the multitude is comen together, the maiden first vnco-
iieretii her self wholic vp lo the hardc shoulders, on the backe haulfc, to be sene starke naked,
and afire that likewise on the bealy. Yf the multitude (inde no faultc, but allowe her as
worth) c lo please for her bodye, then maricth she to some one ther, whome she beste liketh.
Megaxthenes writelh that vpon diucrsc inounteincs in Yndc, are people with doggcs
hea«lc<, and logo clawe><, dadde in hydes of beastes, speakinge with no voyce like vnto
iiiannc, btil barking oiilve, inuchc like vnto dogges, with mouthes roughe like a grater.

Thei that dwelle aboule ihe heade of (Janges, haue no nede of anye kindc of meale : for
thei line by the s.mour ol their (rules. And yf thei fortune to iorncy, so that thei thincke
to fayle of the saiiour when ihei would haue it, they cary with theim to smell to, at times
as thei (ainte. Bui if it fortune those to smeile any horrible stincke, it. is as present deathe
vnto thcini, as poyson lo vs. It is recorded in wrilyng, that certaine of those ware in
Alexandres campc.

We rede also that there arc in Inde me with one eye and no mo. And certein so notablv
eared thai ihei !i:inge downc lo their hides, with suche a largenessc that thei may Ivc in
either of them as vpon a pallet : and so hanic, that thei mayc reiide vp trees with ihcm.
.Some other a'so hauing but one legge, but vpon the same such a foote, that when the sonnc
is hole, and he lackcth shadowe, lyenge downc vpon his backe, and holdinge vp his fote, he
lars!, Iv sha(''>welh his wh'le bodic.

Il is ri.Jde that in Clesia certein women haue but ones childe in all their life time : and the
children assone as thei are borne, immediatly to become horehcdcd. Againc, that there is

anotiicr

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VOYAGES, NAUI0ATI0N8,

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another nacion, much iSger liurH then we are, whiche in their youth are horeheared : and
in their age, their heare waxeth lilackr. They aflirme alio that ther i* another lortr of wo-
men that conceiue at Tyue ycre^t nidr, and liue not aboiie the age of. viii. vereR. Ther are
alto that laclce neclcci, & h.iue their eyei in their ahoulder^. Ther are aUo bntide theiir,
certeine aaluagea with dog|i;ea header, Sc ahacke beared on their hndiea, that make a very
terrible charringe with their ninuthcs.

But in thei^e and tuchc like talcs of the Indiana, and their countrie : Tor that a nianne
had ncde of a rcdic bclierr that should take theim for triithe*, nnc had not nirde tu bee to
large : consideryngc •iperially that menne nowc a daien, will nkanxe beleue the rrporte of
other meni writingcs in the thingen that almont lye viidrc rheir nosCM.

Ther i« a place betwixt Gedrosia and the floude Yndu« which it called Cathainu* of the
Calhaicnn that enhabyfe it. This people ware an ofitpring of J- Scithil'', muchc altered from
their naturall condirionx, and wonted maiierH, if that that Aitone the Arniiiiiaiw writrth of
them in his storie, be' true.

Thci pas'tc (naieth he) all other men in quicke Hmelling. And thei saye of them Helues,
that though all other meniic haue two instrumented of sight, yet do none se with both two
in (ledc, but thci : all other men in copariton either to haue no sight, or ellesas it ware but
with one eye. Their wittincMC is greate, but their boasiinge greater. The whole nacion
of the ii pcMwadcd, that thci muche passe all other men in knowledge, and the subtilties
nf .•icicnccs. Thci arc all of colour shining white, smalle eyed, bcardelesse by nature.
Thrir lettres are aftre the facio of the Romaine, all in squares. Thei are diuenely ledde
with foncle supcrsticions, some afire one sorte, and some aftre another. But thci are .ill voydc
(if the true knowledge which is in lesus Christe. Some worship the soniie, some f moonc.
Other, ymages of yoten metalle, manie of them an oxe. And thus to sondry suche other
mnnstcr<», hath this people in sondry wyse dcuided it selfe in supcrsiicion. Thei haue no
mancr of written lawcs, nor knowe not what we meanc whi* wc npeake of faithfuliicNsc or
trii«itincssc. And wher (n.s 1 said afore) thci hnue in al hfidi worckrs a passing suhtiltie ot
viite, yet in the knowledge of hcaucniv thinj;es, thci are altogether to Icarne: that is to
s;iic, thei .ire vlierly ignorafif. A cowardly people and very fearcful of death. Yet exert iso
the! a mancr of wjrrc, but that thei handle rather by wittc, and pollirie, then by strength
and hanlinesse. In their fighte thci vse a kinde of shaftes, and certaine other weapons of
tliahf, vnknowen to other countries.

Their money is a piece of square paper, with their Kynges Image vpon if. And licrausr
it cannot be durable : ordre is taken, that when it is soiled or dusked mnche, with passynp
from man to man, thei shall bring it to the coignyng housf, an<l make excliaunge for ncwc.
.Ml their vtensilcs and necessaries of house, are of golde, silucr, and other mctalles. Oile
i< so deinlie cmong theim, that the kyng onely vseth it, as it ware for a prerioiis ointemeiit.
Thus haue we treated of the Yndians, and now to their borderers, the Scithians.

? The. ix. Chapitre.

^ Of Stilhia and their stcrne mancrs.

sriihia (a countrie lieng by North) is said of Herodotus, to take the name of .Seithi
Horn Ie-» sonne. Or as Bcrosus fudgelh, of an other Scitha, borne ofoure greate graundanic
Araxe, N'nnhes wife, that dwelt first in that countrie. This people in the beginnyiig, pente
within narowe boundes, so in proce.sse by litlc and litle, through their valeauntnes and f' :.<•
enlnrj^'cd ihtir limitrs : that thei became lordcs of many coQtries aboute, and grcwe into ;i
great •jouernaunre and renoume. Thei nestled first vpon the floude Araxis so fewe in nomhic
:nid so base: that no manne thought theim worthie the troublyng ortalkvng of But liettVMj;
vnfo them a rertcin king, bardie, of great courage, and notable cxpcrienrc in the warres:
thci enlarged their land so, that thci made it sfretchc on the one p:irte (whiche is aIto<;ith<i
lliile, and .Mounteignc) vnto Caucasus, and oner al the plain vnto the Ocrcan, i^: vnto tli>'
(;reatc m.irshe of Nlcotis, and Tanais the floude. From whecc the countrie of Stilhia new

Biretihftli

«■«!

AiU.

red : and
If of wo-
Ther are
idc thene,
le a very

a manne

to bee to

rcporlc of

itiA of Jhe

tered from

wrildh of

»cm iieluei«,
) both two
it ware but
ole nncion
> itiblillicti

by nature,
raclv leddc
re all voydc
le f moonc.
uirlie other
iri hatie nn
hfiilne**c or

jiubtiltic ol
e: that in to
Vet exert iw

by strength

weapons of

\nd heraiine
th pait*yi»R

(»e for newc.

tallo". Oile
ointemetit.

Mh.

TnAFFIQURS. AND DISCOimRIES.

IIS

-ne of Scitlu
c praiintlamc
nyiif;. peiiti-
lies and f' :><•
jrcwe into a
,vc in nomhrc
l»ut nettynj;
1 the w.-irrcs:
< alfomth* r
^: vnto ill-
f Siitliia new
strctihrth

t •

atretchelh all along towani the Ea«t. And becaiiae the moiinteijjne ImauH, ronnyn^ along
M the countrie coaMeth, deuiden it in the niiddea info two haiiliie*: the one haiiltc ii tailed
Sciihia within Imau*. and the other without (a»* ye would tiaic) on thin aide the Monntc. and
beyomlr. There neuer me^Jled any power with Iheim, that wa* able to cnnqnere theim : or
niuthe i<iendamaj?e them. Iltfi f«>rccd Dariun, the Kyn« of the Pentianj*, with grcatf din-
honttiir to liic thrir countrie Tit*' "luc Tirus with all hi» annie. Thei matle an endc t)r
Alexaiulrc with ul hi>* power. The Hoinaines f«ente theim threaten ihoi would warre with
thfim, but thei prouetl in fine hiH wordc!.. Iliei are a people not tameable wllh any toiK\
billrc warritnint, and of Rroate Mrffijjth of botlii W the first very rawe, and with out
any t.niinaric tr.ide of lili "<ithcr kiciw^Kif what iil(,»j(C meant, ne yet hauyni? any hounes
or rotates to dwell in. Hut \\ ndrvnjf vp iind doiuic fhe wiltle (icIdeM and driuyng their
ralteille alore theim, their wiups ;in'l their children r'''vnj; in wagtmit by them. Thei oh-
«eructl iii^lire, without t-t)n<*(raint of l»wc. Thei i ompted non«" oIlTce more heinous, then
ihefte. As lolkc that had nolhyng vndre lorke nor keye, barrc, mt Ijolte: but altogether in
the open fieltle. Thei nether oreupied ^oldc no silucr. Their chief foodc was milkc and
llony. Aj^ainst coldc and other stt)rme(t, thei wrappid their bodies in felles, and hides of
beanies, and Mice itkinneii. Thei kncwe not what Wolliii meante, ne any farion of
garmcntc.

This maner of life wn« in many of the Scithians,bnt not in all. Agreatc nombre of theim,
as thei murhe dirtered in dislatnicc t)f place fro other, nt) dillered thei alst) from other in
maners: and vsed a certeinc trade of liuyng emong them selues, wherof we altrcward will
enfreate, when we haiic naied somewhat more t)f their facions in generall.

Many of the ScithiaoH delight in maslaughter. And the (intte man iliat he takcth in fight,
his bitxiil tiriiu-keth he : anti otVreth vnto his Kynge ihe heade* of all those j he iherslcaeth.
For when he hath st) dt>ne, he is aibnitted to be partaker of the butine what so ctier it be,
whereof he shoultl be otherwise parties. He rutteth of the heade afire thiu sorte. Firsie,
with Win knife he maketh in it a g.-ishe roude aboutelike a rircle, vndre the eares: then lakelh
he it by tlie hcare of the rroiine, iV striketh it of. That done, he lieaeth it, and tawclh the
•kinne belwixte iiis handes, vnlill it beiDinc very soupic and nod and kiepeth it for a handc
kercher. This wilie he hange vpt'» the reinc t)f his hone, and glorieth not a lifie in it. And
he that hath mosteof suche hadkerchers, is rompted the valeauntest manne. There are many
also that sowe together thene skinncs of menne, an other doe the xkinnes of beastex, anil
wearc theim for iheir rlt)thyng. .Some of them flea the right hand of their enemies bcyng
•laine. mo that the nailes also remain vpon the lingres, and make coucnt of theim for their
qiiiuer^.

Many of the flea the whole bodie, and stretche out the xkinne vpo rertaine stickes fitted
for the none», and so spretic the vp«»n their Horse. Of the Skulles of the heades* thus slaine,
thei make measures to drinrke in : coueryng them on the outside with rawc Neates leather,
and gilding them on the inside, if he be of habilitie. And when any gheste of CKlimacion
commelh vnto theim, thei ollre tlie to drincke in a^many as thei haue, and declare for a
greaft braggue of their vuleauntnesse, that so many thei haue slaine with their owne hande.

Ones euery yere, all the chief heades t)f the Scithians, kepe a solempne drinckvng. At
the whiihethe maner is, tnit t)f one of these Skulles, as out of a wassailing boule, togiueall
those the wine that haue slaine an enemie. But he that hath done no siirho notable arte,
lasteth not therof, but sitieth aparte in a corner with out honour: which is iudged among
iht' a greale repri)the. i)iit thei that haue achicucd many slaughters, thei drantke of two
(ioblettCii together, which thei haue for that purpose.

The gotldes whom thei worshippc and tloe Sarrificc vnto, are these: Firste and rhieflv
vnto Vesta, then to liii)iler, and the goddessc tif the groundc : for that thei take her to hr
Iiipiters wife. Nexte \nto Apollo and Venus, M.nrs and Hercules. Yet irctte thei no
< hapelle, Altare, nor Image to any of these : but onely to Mars : to whom tliei oflre of euery
huiulred ])risoners that thei take, one for a sacrifice. To the other thei oflre bothe horses
and t)ther beasies, but specially hor»eH. Swine thei so little cstiemc, that thei neither oflre

VOL. V. Q them

t 1 '

1' . '

k»;^ .-S .wi

■r-.i

I' M.,»

i !.

1*'

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Aaie.

them to any of their goddes ne vouchesauf to kiepe thcim in their Countrie. Looke whom
the kyng punissheth with death, his children lie also commaundeth to be slain, as many as
be males, but the women arc pardoned.

With whom the Scithians couenaut or make League: after this maner 'thei doe it, Thei
fille an earthen panne with wine, and of the parties that shall strike the League or coue-
naunte, thei drawe a quantitie of bloudc, whiche thei mingle therwith. Then diepe thei
into the panne their Ciirtilasse, their shaftcs, their axe, and their darte. That done thei
wishc vnto them seines many terrible curses and miscliiefcs, if thei holde not the league or
coucnaunte. And then drincke thei the wine. And not thei onely that strike the couc-
nautes, but also those that are moste honourable in their rompaignie.

The bewriall of their kyngcs is aftre this maner: where the Kyng dicth, those that are of
his bloudc, rounde his heare, cutte of one of his cares, slice his armcs rounde aboute, all to
bpgasshc his foreheade & his nose, & shoofe him through the lifte hande, in thre or fowrc
places. Then laie thei the corps in a Carte, and cary it to the Gcrritcc, where the Se-
pulchres of all their Kynges are. And thei dwell vpO the floude Roristhenes, about the
place whcr it becometh first sailc.able. This people when thei hauc rcctiued if, frenchc
out a square plotle in the ground very wide and large. And then rippe the bealy of the
corps, and bowelle it cleanc: clensyng it and drieng it from ail (ililie, and fille it vp with
Siier Montanum, Franckencense, Smallache siede, and Anise sicde, beaten together in a
Morlre. And when thei haue sowed it vp againc close, thei cearc the whole bodie, atul con-
ucighc the same in a Carte, to the ncxte people vndrc tlie goucrnaiue of the Scitiii.is,
whiche with honour recciue it, and conucigh it vnto tiie nexte of their dominion : and so
from one to another, vntle it haue passed rounde aboute, to as many peoples as are of their
dominion, and be comen againe to the jilace of bewriall cmong tlie (Jerrites, whether it is
accompaiiicd with a certain of all the peoples, to whom it hath comen, as thei gathered
enrreace from place to place. Thei, aftre what tyme thei haue laicd the corps, cophine and
all, vpon a bedde of state, amid the square afore mentioned : slicke donne their iauelines
and spcarcs aboute him, and with stickes laied ouer from one to another, frame as it ware a
Ciilyng whi( he lliei court with a funeralle palle. Then in the reste of the voide space,
th.1t yet remaines in the Cophine made for the nones : thei hewric one of his dicrest lem-
nians, a waityng manne, a Cnoke, a llorsekeper, a I.acqiiie, a Butler, and a Horse. Whiche
thei a! fir>t >^tran;;ic, and ihruste in, together with a portion of ail sorlcs of plate, and o(
cuirv siiclie tiiyng as apperteined to hi-* houshoMe, or bcxly. And when the yerc comes
about, then do tlni tlius. Thei take of those tiiat ware nercst .iboutc the Kyng (odW there
arc none aboute the king, but thei be Scitliians free borne, and snche as his self doth com-
maunde : for he male be >erucd with no bought slaue) of those take thei fiuctie and as many
of his bc?>t hordes. And whC- thei haue strangeled boihe the men and the horses, t!iey boweJI
the llor-ex, >luni' flu'ir bealies againe with Chaffe, and sowc thcim vp close, and sctt<' the
menne vppon tlieir baikes. Tiien make liici a voulte ouer roud about llie bortire of the
greatf scpiare, and so dispose these Ilorsr nienne enuiron the s;inie, that thei sieme a farre of,
a troupe ofiiiivng horsemeii gardyng tlie kyng.

The ci niinniirs haue also a maner of bcwriaile aftre a like sorte. When one of llicim
dirth, hi- ncxic ncigiiboiirs and kindsfolkc laic hvm in a Carle, and carv hvn) aboute to eucrv
<>fhis fiindcs: uluchc at the recciptc of hym make a fca>le, aswcll to the k.ndsmen, as to all
the rcsiilcwe that accimpaignie the corps. And \>iien llu i hauc thi:s railed livm aboute by
the space of fowrclcne dales, he is bcwried. Ail the iiraiiic of his iaadc Ijcyn^ lirsl pikcil
out, and the skulle rinsed with water cleaiie. Aboute ilu- bodie tlui scite \ p three spnnvs of
w 'I'dde si p\n;;, and rcstvnj- one vpon another at the loppes. Honndc alxuit tiiese sp.irres,
thei siraine cappyng woollen, packs ng theim as close as thei cm. .\iul within betwixt the
sparres, as it ware in the ml Llest ouer the dcadc, thei set a tr.nc or .sliallowe trough, where
in to thei caste a kinde of stones, th:st gii.stcretii bv (ire liiilit.

The inenne em ng the Scithians, do iu)t vse to washe the seines. Ihit the women vse to
powre water ^pon their own bodies, and to rnbbe themseliies against some roughe stone:

and

Aaie.

ke whom
) many as

it. Thci
! or coue-
liepe thci
done thei
league or
the couc-

hat are of
>utc, Jill to
e or fowre
re the Se-
nbout the
It, trcnche
laly of the
it vp with
ether in a
r, and con-
e Soithi.is,
;)n : and so
ire of their
lether it is
ei uathored
ophine and
ir iauclinca
>i it ware a
oide s|)ace,
iicrest lein-
k Whithc
;ilc, and ol
yerc cuini'-*
(niiw there
I'dclh rom-
nd as inaMy
|!iev howell
1(1 seltc the
rdre of the
e a farre ol,

of llicim
He to cucry
>n, as to :ill
aboule by
liol pikt'd
' spnrres of
■SI- sparre-*,
bt iwixt tiu'
iiiL^li, wiiero

)nii"n V8C to
ghe stone:
and

jlsie.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

and then with a piece of a Cipresse, Ceadre, or Encence tree, to grate tlieir whole bodic,
vntill it be some what bollen or swollen. And then enomt thei bojhe that and their face,
with certaine medicines for the nones: whereby thei become the nexte date of a very good
smell and (when the medicine is washed awaie) slicke and smothe.

Their commune othe, and the othe of charge in matiers of controuersie, or ludgemcnte.
is by the kynges clothe of estate: by the whiche if a man shalbe tried to haue forsworne
liymself (as their enchauntours haue a maner to trie with salowe roddcs whether thei haue
or not) bv and by without respighte, he Inseth his headc, and all his goodes, whiche tourne
to the vscof them tliat haue proued him periured.

The Massagetes, a people of Scithia in Asie, beyond the sea called Caspiii marc ni appa-
reille and liuynjr. muche like to the Sciihians, and therefore of some so called: vse to fighte
botheon horsebackeaid on fotc, with suchc actiuitic and force, that thei arc almoste inuin-
cible in bothe. Their weapons are bowe and arrowes, Launcos and Armynge swnrdc-i.
Their bclfes aboule their waste, the ornament of their heades, and ihoir poilerone, are gar-
nished with golde. Their Horses are barbed on the brcst, with barbes of gold. Their
rcincs, bridios and trappour are all of golde. The heades of their Launces are of Brassc,
nn 1 their Quiuers armed with Brasse. As for Sillier and Iron thei oc( iipie none. Kclie
ni inne marieth one wile, and yet are the wines of them all, commune one to another,
whiche thvng is not vscd einong any of the other Scythians. When so euer any man lusteth
for the coinpaignie of his wom.i, he hangeth vp his quiuer vpon the carte wherein his wife
is carved bv him, and t ierc openly withont shame coupleth.

When anv one of this people waxeth very aged, his friendes, acrpiaintaunce, and kindes-
folke asseblcd together, make a bealy Sacrifice of hym : sleayng as many shiepe besides,
M will some fur the fulnessc of the noiubre. And when thei liaue dressed theim, eate parte
aid parte like, the one with the other. And this kinde of depirfynge is compted einong
theim, of all other moste blessed. If any fortune to pine awaie of siekenesse, hym eate thci
not: but put in a hole, and throwe earthe vpO him. Sory for the lo^ae, that he came not
to the feaste.

Thei neither sowe nor mowe, but line by flesshe of suche beastes as thei haue, and
snche fisshe as Anxe the floudc doeth pletcously minister vnto them : and with drinckyngc
ofMilke, wherof thei make no spare. Thei knowc no goddes but the Sonne: In whose
honour thci ofTre vp Horses in Sacrilice, as beyng in swiftenesse moste like vnto the Sonne.

The Seretines are a debonaire people, and suche louers of quietnes.se, that thei shone to
cntremedle with any other people. Merchafifes passe their outmost flcudc toward them,
but thei maie come no nigher. Along the banques tliere, thei sette onte suche thynges, as
thei are disposed to selie. Not the Merchauntcs, but the indwelh rs of the Counfrie. For
thei selle to other, and buie of none. And thei sette them in ordre as thei iiidge them in
price. The buyer roineth, and as he iudgeth theim by his eye to be worthe, without ,iir»her
trade or feloweshippe betwixte theim, so laielh he doune. And if thei receiiie it, he do-
partetii with 5 ware. I'mong them is there neither whore nor thiefe, nor adulfcressc
broughte to iudgcmente. Neither was it cucr hearde, that there was a manne slainc emong
theim. For the fcare of their Lawes woorketh more strongly with theim, then the inliu-
eiK es of the Starrcs. Thei dwclle as it ware in the bcginnyng or entryng of the wnrlde.
And for that thei Hue aftre a chast sort: thci are neither skourgcd with Blastynges, ne Ilaile,
lie Pestilence, lie siirhe other euilles. No manne toucheth a woman there, aftre she hath
roiuciiicd, ne yet in the fyme of her llowres. Thei eate none vncleane beaj^tcs, ne knowe
what Sacrilisyng ineanelh. luiery man there is his owne Iudi;e, acordvng to lustice.
Therelorc are thei not chastised with suche corrections as happen vnto other lor synne, but
hothe (ontiniie long in life, and die without grief.

■fhe Tauroschithifts (so called for that thei dwell aboute the monnteigne Taurus) oflTrc as
manv as fortune to make Shipwracke vpon their shore:) to the virgine, whose name ye shall
ulirc hcare. And if it fortune any Gickc or Grckes, to be driucii thethcr, him doe thei
Sacrilice after this maner.

Q.% Aftre

h.'h

'I !l

I I?

,•/■•

i'l'

^ 3t I* d

I '

'v^

11 .

I* t

\^ 1

■-'.i^

116

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Asie.

AAre what tyme thei haue made prayer after their maner, thci strike of his heade with an
hachet. And (as some saie) tomble doiine the carkesse into the Sea, (for this Virgine hath
a Chapelle vpon the toppe of a liigh clieuc, hangyng ouer the Sea, where this feate is doone)
and naile vp the heade vpon a Gibet. In this poinctc of nailyng vp the heade, all the wri-
ters agre, but in tomblyng doune the body, not so, for some afhrme that the body is bew-
ried. The Virginc Deuilic, to whom thei Sacrifice : is saicd to be Iphigenia Agamcnons
doughter. Their ennemies as many as thei take, thus thei handle. Euery mannc cutteth
of his prisoners head, and carieJh it home : and fasteneth it vpon the ende of a long pole,
& sciteth it vp: some vpon their house toppe some vpo tlicir chimneis as h'jh as thei can.
And no merueiie though thei set thf; so that thei might wfll see miuidc about thcim : for
thci saie : thei are the wardens and kepers uf al their whole house. Thei liuc by spoile,
and by warre.

The Agathirsians arc mcnne verie neate & fine, & grcate wearers of golde in their a|^
parciil. Thei ocrnpie their women in commune, so that thci seme all of one kindred, and
one hoiischolde : neuer striuyng nor grudgyng one with another, muchc like in IxKly vnto
the Thracians.

The Neuriens vse the maners of the Sithians. This people the somer before that Darius
set furthe, ware constrained for the greate multitude of Scrpentcs y ware bredde in their
quarlrcs, to chaunge their dwrllyng place. Thci verily doe bclieue, and wille sweare it :
that euery vere ones for a ccrtaine dales, thei become Woulues, and refourne againc into
their fortner shape and state.

The Antropophagitcs (so<alIetl for that thei line by mannes fleshe) of all mcnne, arc
the worste codicioned, without lawe, or officer, appartiiled like the Stithicns: but in lan-
guage like vnto no b<>dye but them selues.

The Melaiichleni do all wcare blarke, as their name doihe signifie. And of theae also
arc eaters of mannes fleshe: so manie as folowe the trade of the Scithians.

The Hiulinrs are a great nacion, and a populous, grave eyed, & reilde headed al. Their
heade citie is (iclonc, whcrof thei are also called (icionitcs. Thei kepc curry thirde yere a
rcuclie ill the honour of Hacrhus : whereat thei make nuelle in dedc, yea, reuell route.
Thei ware sometime Griekes, whiche put of fro their countrie, seatled them selues there.
And h\ procesie, losing the jiroprielie of their owne tongue, became in lAguage haulfe
(ircko, and haulfe Scithians. "Set are the Gelonites boihe in language and liuinge, differ-
ent from the Budines. For the Budines being natiue of the place, are brieders of Catteile :
The (icionitcs, occupienge tillhe : line by corne, and haue their frute yardes. Neythcr
l\ke in colour ne fountcnaunce to the other. All their qunrtres are verye full, and thicke
of tree-;. It hathc also many meres and greate. In and aboute the whiche thei take Oltres,
and IkMuers, & many other beastes : of whose skinnes they make them pilches, and lerkins.

The Lirceis line by woodmanshippe, and huntinge, and aftre this maner. Their coun-
trie beingc aUo very thicke of trees, thei vse to climbe stiche as siemeth them beste : and
there awaitc their game. At the foote of euery mannes tree lieth a dogge, and a horse well
taughtc to couthe flaiic on the bealy, as lowc as can bee. When the beaste cometh within
<!;iiingier, he shoteth. And yf he hitte, he strcighte commeth downe, taketh his horse
backc, & folowcth with nis houde.

The Argippians dwell vndre the foote of the highc mountaines. Men whiche fro their
binhc arc baldc, botlie the males and the females. Their noses tournc vp like a shoinvjr
home, and their chinncs be great out of measure. The sounde of their voice vnlike to all
riiier: tlicr npp.ircil afire the sorte of the Scithians. Thei haue small rcyarde to bricding :
by the rc.isoii whcrof thei haue smalle store of cattaile. Thei lie vndre trees, which in the
wintrc thci coucr ouer with a white kinde of felte, and in the somcr take the same awaye,
and lit; vndre the open tree. Thcr is no manne that wil hanne them for that thei are compt-
ed holy halovscd: neither haue thei anye kinde of armour, or weapo of warre. These men
luiue the arbitrement of their nci'^hhours controuersies rounde aboute. And as thci deter-
mine so arc til' i ended. Who so fiieth vnto them, Ls .saul'c as in sanctuan'.

The

1 their a]^
ndrecl, and
IxKly vnto

that Darius
(Ic in their
swcare it :
igaiiic into

tncnne, arc
but in lan-

theae also

I a1. Their
irde yere a
riicil route,
thies there,
lage haiilfe
nge, difler-
)l' Calteile :
Neythcr

and thirke
take Oltrcs,

nd lerkins.

heir coun-

besie : and
horse well

neth within
his horse

IC fro their

e a Hhoiiiije

niike to all

brieding :

chich in the

ime awaye,

irc cotnpt-

rhe«»c men

thei deter-

Thf

■1

jisic, TRAFFIQUES, AND DtSCOUERIES.

The Iiwedonnes haue this propretic. When so euer any mannes father ther, dieth : all
his kinsfolke bringe eucry man one beast or other to the house of ^ Sonne that kcpoth the
funeral. Which whe thei haue killed and minsed : they minse also the body of the deade.
And bothe the fleoshes beingc mingled together, thei fall to the banket. Then take thei the
dead mannes heade, & pike the braine oute clcane, and all other moistures and ragges.
and when thei haue guilte it, thei vse it for a reprcsentacio of the i>artic departed. So-
lempnisinge euery yere furthe, the tnemoriall, with newc ceremonies, and mo. This
dothc the soniie for the father, and the father ftr the sonne, as the Grckes kejc their binht-

daics.

These are also sayde to be verye iuste dealer', & their wiucs to be as valcauntc and hardie
as the husbade.x. Suche haue the mancrs of the Scithians bene. But afterwardc being sub-
dued by theTartares, and wearing by proccssc into their mancrs and ordinaunces : thei nowc
Hue all after onesorte, and vndre one name.

^ The. X. Chapiter.
1[ Of Tiirfarie, and the mancrs and power of the Tartarians.

TArtaria, otherwyse called \fongal : As Vin( entius wryteth, is in that parte of the earthe
where the Easte and the Northe i((yne together. It had vpo the Easte, the londe of the Ka-
thenrines and Solaiigorrs, on the South, the Sar.icencs : on the Weste the Naymaniens, &
on the Northe is enclosed with the cccean. It hath the name of the floude Tartar that ron-
ncth by it. A country very hilly, and full of mountaines. And where it is champe in,
myngled witii sade and grauellc. Barrcinc, except it be in places where it is moysted with
floudes, which are very fcwo. And thcrfore it is muche waaste, and thinly enhabited.
Ther is not in it one Citic, ne one village beside Cracuris. And wood in the moste parte
of the cotmtry so skante, that t!ic enhabitautcs are faine to make their fyre, and drcsse their
meate with the drie donge of ncate and horses. The aycr intemperate and wondcrfulle.
Thondre, and lightening in somer so terrible, that sondry do presently die for very feare.
Nowe is it broiling hote, and by and by bittre colde, and plenty of snowe. Suche stronge
windes sometime, that it staieth horse and man, and bloweth of the rider: tcareth vp trees
by the rootes, and doeth muche harme. In wintre it neuer raineth ther, and in Somer very
often. But so slendrely, that the earthe is skante wefte with al. And yet is ther great
store of Cattaile : as Camel le.s, ncate. &c. And horses and mares, in suche plentie, as I
beletie no parte of the earth hath againe. It was first enhabited of foure peoples. Of the
Icccha Mongalles that is to save, the grcate Mongallcs. The Sumongalles, that is to sav the
watre Mongallcs, whiche called them selties Tartares, of the fluudc Tartar whose neighbours
ihei are.

The thirde people ware called Merchates, and the fourthe Metrites. There was no dif-
ference betwixte them eythcr in body or ISguage, but al aftre one sortc and facion. Their
behauour was in the beginning very brute, and farre oute of ordrc, without lawe or discip-
line, or any good facion. Thei lined amonge the Scithians, and kept herdes of cattaile in
very base state and condition : and ware tributaries to all their neighbours. But within a
while aftre, thei deuidcd them selucs as it ware into wardes, to eucry of the wliich was ap-
pointetl a capitaine : in whose deuises and conscntes cosisted thordrc of the whole. Yet
ware thei tributorics to the Naimanes (their next neighbours) vntyll Canguista by a certainc
prophecie was chosen their kynge. He iissone as he had recciucd the goucrnaunre, abo-
lished all w(irshi|)pe of deuille*, and cominaundcd by commune decree that all the whole
n.a«ion should honour the hi;;he(;iKl eucrl.isting: by whose prouidencc he would seme to haui;
rcceiued the kingdome. It was further decreed that as manye as ware of age to beare armour,
should be preste, and ready with the king at a certeynedave. The multitude that serued for
their warrcs, was thus destributed. Their capitaines ouer ten (which by a tcrme borowed of
the Prenche, we calle Diseners, are at the cdmaundemente of the Centurians. And the Ce-
turiane obcied the Millenflrie, that had charge of a thousande. And he againe was subicttc

117

.-,.?-

i*^ V"

\ 'u.^\\

# V

I i'

.1 ' L ' '

I ■

'\it

I l,"1

118

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Asie.

to the grande Coronelle that had charge otier ten thousande : aboiic the whiche nombre the
mounted no degree of captaines.

This done, to proue the obedience of his subiectes, he rommaunded scuen sonnes of the
Princes or Dukes whiche before had goucrned the people : to be slaine by the hades of their
owne fathers, and mothers. Whiche thinge uhhoughe it ware inuche againste their hartc8,
and an horrible diede, yet did thci it. Partely vppon the fcare of the rcsidew of the people:
and partly vpon conscience of their obediCce. For why, the people thoughtewhen ihei sawe
him begyn aftre this sorle: thci had had a god amongest them. So that in disobey inge of
his commaundementc, thei thought thei should not haue disobcied a king but God him selfe.

Canguista takingestomake with this power, firsle subdued those Scithians that bordred vpon
him, and made ihem tributaries. And where other afore had bene tributaries also vnto them:
now receiiicd he in that one peoples righte, tribute of many. Then settinge vpon those
that ware further oft", he had suthe prosperous sucresse that from Scithia to the sonne risinge,
and fro thence to the middle earthe son, and bevonde; he broiightc all together vndre his sub-
icction. So that he inoughte nowe worthciy wryte him selfe highe Goucrnour, and Emperour
of the Eaxte.

The Tartares are very deformed, litlc of bndie for the mostc parte, hauyng great stiepc
eyes: and yet so hcary on the eye liddcs, that there sheweth but lille in open sight. Platter
fiired and beardlesse, sauyngvpon the vppcr lippe, and a lille about thepoincte of thechinnc
tlici haue a feawe heares as it were prir ked in with Bodkins. Thei be communely all slcndrc
in the waste. Thei sh.iue the hindrc haulfe of the hcade, rounde aboute by the croune, from
one care to another: coinpassyng tnwarde the nape of the ncrke after suche a facion, thai
tlio polic behind sheweth muche like the face of a bearded manne. On the other parte, ihei
siifTie their hcare to growe at Icngfhe like our women: whiche ihei deuide into two tresses,
or hraudes, and bryng aboute to fasten behiiide their cares. And this maner of shauyng, do
thei vse also that dwelle among theim, of whut nacion so cner thei be. Thei theim selues are
very light and nimble: good on Horse, but naughtc on foolc. All from the moste to the
leaste, as well the women as the menne: doe ride either vpon Gehlynges, or Kien, where so
euer thci become. For stoned Horses thei occupie none, ne yet Gelding that is a striker, and
lighle of his hcles. Their bridelles are trimmed with muche gold, siluer, and precious stones.
y\nii it is conipted a ioly (hyng among theim : to haue a great sort of siluer sounded belles,
.;;> nglyng aboute their horse neckes. Their speache is very chourlishe and loudc. Their
?.iiigynj; is like the bawiynge of Woulues. When thei drincke, thei .shake the hcade : and
drincke thei do very often euen vnto drotkennesse, wherein thei glorie muche. Their dwel-
lyng is neither in tonnes ne Houroughes. But in ihe fieldes abrode, aftre the maner of thaun-
rict Scithinn^ in tentcs. And the rafherso, for that thei are all moste generally catteiil mas-
fres. In thewinfre time thei are wot todrawe to the plaines, & in the Somer season, to the
mounteigncs & hillic pla( cs for the better pasture. Thei make theim Tentes, or elles rounde
cotages of wickres, or of F-'lte vndcrsctte with smothe poles. In the middes thei make a
rounil windowc that giuelh tht"- lighle, & lettefh out the smoke. In the middes of the Tet,
is their fire, aboute ihe whiche their wife and their children doc siiic. The menne delight
niiirhe in dariyng, shooiyng, and wrasielyng. Thei .nre mcrueilous good hunters, to the
whi( he thci go armed at all pieces. And assone as thei espie the beaste, thei come costing
tdgcthcr rounde aboute and enclose her. And when euery manne hath throwcn his darte, or
shofie his rirrowc : whi!e^l the beast is troubled & ama^ej with the stripes, thei steppe in to
her cV: i-k:i her. Thci neither vse breade ne bakyng: table clothe ne napkin.

Thti hclicuc that there is one GOD that made all thynge«, bodily A: ghostly, sene or vn-
scne, and hym thci honour : but not with any maner ot' Sacrifice or cercmonie. Thei make
Jhcim ••ehies litlc pupclles of silke or of felte, or of thrumme, like vnto menne : whiche
thei seite vp vpon c( he side of their Tentcs, and do the muche rcuerence, beserhing them
to take hcde to their catteille. To these thei ofTre the lirst milke of all their milche catteiil,
of what kinde so ciicr thcj be. And before thci begin cither to cate or drinkc aught, thci

ectle

Asie,

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

119

sonnes of the
hades of their
:e their hartes,
of the people :
when thei sawc
disobeyinge of
God him sclfe.
t bordred vpon
ilso vnto them:
ge Ypon those
• Sonne risinge,
vndre his sub-
and Emperour

ig great sficpc
sight. Platter
c of the chinne
ncly all slcndre
ic croune, from
c a facion, that
)thcr parte, thei
nio two tresses,
of shaiiyng, do
theim seiues are
ie moste to the
Kien, where so
is a striker, and
precious stones,
sounded belles,
\ loude. Their
the heade : and
e. Their dwel-
maner of thaiin-

1y catteill mas-
season, to the
, or cllcs roiinde
des thei make n
;ides of the Tet,

mcnne delight

hunters, to the
ei come costing

en his darte, or
lici steppe in to

,l!y, sene or vn-

ie. Thei make

menne : whiche

bcserhing them

milche catteill,

nke aught, thii

ectie

sctte a porcion thereof before theim. Looke what beaste thei kiile to be eaten, thei reseruc
the harte all nightc in some couered cuppe, and the nexte mornynge seath it and eate h.

Thei worshippe also and Sacrifice to the Sonne, Moone, and elementes fowre. To Cham
also their Lorde and Kvng, thei do very deuoute honour and Sacrifice: supposyng him to be
the Sonne of God, and to haue no piere in the whole worlde : neither can thei abide to heare
any other manne name hym. , . ,

This people so despiseth al other men, and thincke theim sclues so farre to surmount them
in wisedome and goodnes : that thei abhorre to speake to theim, or to compaignie with them.
Thei calle the Pope and all Christen menne, Doggues and Idolatres : because thei honour
stones and blocques. And thei theim seiues (beyng giuen to deuclishe supersticions) are
markers of dreames, & haue dreame readers cmong theim : as well to cnterpreate their swe-
uens, as to aske knowcledge of Idolles. In whom thei are pcrswaded that God speakclh :
and therefore acordyng to (heir answeres, frame them seiues to do. Thei marke many sea-
son", and specially haue regardc to the chaunges of the Moone, Yet make thei for no sea-
son, nc chaunge, any singular holidaie or ob.seruance : but ilike for them all iiidiflerently.
Thei are of so gredie a coueit'usenesse, and desire, that if any of them se auglitc, that lie
coueiteth to haue, and cannot obtein with the good wiiie of the owner : if it apjierteigne to
noTartarrc, he will haue it by force. And thei thincke (through a certcin ordenaunce that
their Kvng made) thei ofiende not therein. For suche a commaundemente had thei of Can-
gui>ta, and Cham, their firste Kynges : That if it fortune any Tartarre, or Tartarres seruaunt,
to finde in his waie, horse, man, or womH, without the kinges lettres or his saulfcoduite: he
should take it, him, her, or them as his owne for euer.

To suche as lacke money thei lendc, but for shamefull gainos : that is to sale, two shillynges
of the p(Uinde for euery Moncthc. And if it fortune ye to faile to make paiementc at the
dale : ye shall also be forred to paie the entercst, acording to the rate of the Vsuric. That
is to sale, of euery tenth penie, one.

Thei do so poUe and oppresse their tributaries, with subsidies, taxes and tallages, as neuer
did people but thei, that euer manne redde of. It is beyondc belief to saie. Thei euer co-
ueite, and as Lordea of all, do rape, and rendc from other, and neuer rccompence aught.
No, the begger that liueth on alinose, getteth nnt an aguelette of hym. Yet haue thei this
one praise worthie propretic, that if he fortune to finde them at meate : thei neither shutte
the doore against hym, ne thruste him out, if he be disposed to eate, but charitably biddc
them, and parte with them suche as thei haue. But thei ficdc the vnclenliest in the Wdrldc, as
I hauesaied, without tablcclothe, napkinne, or towell to couer the borde, or to wipe at meate,
or affre. For thei neither washe hande, face, ne body, ne any garnif te that thei weare.
Thei nether eate brc.id, nor make bread, nor sallottes nor potage, nor any kinde of Pnltz.
Hut no maner of Hesshe Cometh to them amisse. Dogges, Cattes, Horses and rattcs. Yen,
sometime to shewe their crueltie, and to satisfie their vengeaunce, the bodies of suche their
enemies, as thei haue taken, thei vse to roste by a greatc fire : and when thei hce ascmhicd a
good nombre together, thei teiirc theim of the spittes like Wohics, with their tiethc, and de-
noure the. And aftreward drincke vp the blonde, whiche thei reserue afore hande for the
nones. Otherwise thei vse to drincke Milkc. Thei haue no wine of the coutrie it self, but
suche as is brought into the thei drincke very gredilie. Thei vse to Lowseone anothers lieadc,
and euer as thei lake a I.owce to eate her, saieng : thus wille I doe to our enemies. It is
(ompted a greale olVenc e emong them to "iullre drincke, or a piece of mentc to be loste.
Thei neuer thcrfore giue the hone to the Dogge, till thei ha.ie eaten out the marrowe. Thei
iteuer eate beaste (surhe vile niggardes thei are) as long as the same is soude & in good
iilvvng: but vvhe it fortuncth to be hurle, sicke, or febled by age, then bewrie tliev it in
their healies. Thei are greale sparers, & contenle with smaile chaunge, and litle loode.
Thei drincke in the inornyng, a goblet full of Milkc or twaine, whiche serueth fheini some-
tvme for their whole dales foode.

The men and the women moste communely arc appareilled ylike. The men weare vpon
their heades shallowc copin tackcs, corny ng out bchinde with a tailc of a hantkfiill and a Ir.mll'e

lont^,

M-, :

!!■• '

i' I

. f

. ^IK

I) r

■ f

i(r.

!| l;

120

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Asle.

long, and as muche in breadth: whirhe ihei fasten vndrr their chinnes, for falling or blowing
of, with a couple of slrynges of ribbandc lace, as we doe our nighte cuppea. Their married
women wear on their heades, fine wickre Banquettes ofa foote.and a haulf long : roundc, and
Hatte on the toppe like a barrellc. Whiche are either garnished with chaugeablc silkes, or
the gaiest parte of the Pccockes feathers, and sette with golde and stones of sondric sortes.
As for the residue of their bddic, the! wear ar^rding to their nbilitie, bothe men and women,
Skarlet or Veluet, or other silkes. Thci weare coates of a straunge facion, open on the left side,
whiche thei put on acordingiy, and fasten with fowre or five Buttons. Their Somer wicdes
are all romuneJy blacke : and those that thei weare in Winter and foule weather, white : and
ncucr lower then the knee. Wearing furres (wherein thei nnichc deliglit) thei weare not the
furre inwarde, as we communely doe : but contrariwise the heare outwardc, that thci maic
ciiioic tlie pleasure of the shewc.

It is hanle to discerne by the appareile the maide, fro the wife, or the woman fro the
manne : so like araied do tlie menne and the wome go. Thei weare bricches, the one and
the other. When thei shal go to the skirmishe. or to baltaille, some roucr their armcs
(whiche at all other tymes are naked) with plates of iron, buckeled together alonge, in many
pieces, ihat thei may the easelier stiirre their armes. Some doe thesame with many foldes
of Leather: wherwith thei also arme ihrir head. Thei cannot handle a target: nor but fewc
of thei'u a launce or a li)ng swcanl. Thei haue cnrtilasses of. iii. quarters loiigc : not double
cdnod but backed. Thei (ighfe all wit!) u quarter blowe, & neither right downe, ne foyning.
Thei bt? vcrv rcdy on horscbacke, and very >kilful archers, lie is counted moste v.deaute, that
best obseruclh the conitnaimdemcnt and the obedience dcwe to his capilaine. Ti)ci haue no
wages for their souidic, yet are thci prestand rc.idy in all afl'aires, and ail commauiulcmentes.
Ill battavlc, and otherwise wher oughtc is to be done, very politike and experte. The princes
.md c;)[)itaines entre not the battle, but slaiidyrig alool'e, crve vnto their men, and harten them
on : iookinge diligently abouie on cucry >.i'\c what is nedefull to be done. Sometime to make the
armve sieme the greater, and tiic more terrible to the cniieniy : thei set vp on horsebacke their
wiues and their cliildrcu, yea and n»en mide of cloutes. It is no viiany amonge them to tlyc :
if anv thinge m.nye eyther he sailed or woniie by it. When ihei will shoote, thei vnarmc
their ri^hte arme, and then let liiei (lye with suchc violence, that it pearceth all kinde of ar-
mour. Thei giue the onset flockiii^c in plumpcs, and likewise in plompes thev flic. Aiul in
the liiuhte thei so shoote backe waitic behinde them, that thei slea many of their ennemies pnr-
siiinge the chase. And when lliei perceiue their ennenncs dispersed by pursuinge the cha.se,
or not to fighte any thing whalic together: souileinly retourninge, thei beginne a newe onset
with a hayle of shotte, neither sparing horse ne mfi. So that oftetimes thei ouercomc
when thei are thoughte to be vaquivithed. When thei come to enuade any quartrc or countrie,
tliei dfuide tlu-ir armie, and sette vpon it on euery parte; so that the inhabitours can neither
haue laisure to .isscndile and rcsiste. ne wa\ e to escape. Thus are tliei alway sure of the vic-
tory, whiclie thii kiiytte vp with mostc jiroudc crueliie. Neither sparinge manne woman ne
childe, olde ne y<'Uiige .sjiuing the artificer onely, whtn thci reserue for their own vses. And
thisslauuhter make thei altre this maner. When thei h.iue all taken them, thei distribute them
to their C'cnlurians : who ((immitte them agaiiie to theslaues: to eucry one fewer or moreacord-
iiijic to the muiliiiule. And when the slaues haue all slayne them as bouchers kylh- hogges :
then for a tcrrour to al other thi r .iboul : of euciy thousade of y dead thei take one, and liangc
him \ p by the hides \ pon a slaki-, amyddc these deade bodies : and so ordre his lieade as though
it appicred by his fac ion or inaiuT o( hanginge, that he yet boihe liarkcned the i oiDjilainte
of his lelowc*. and le>-<» ned them againe. .Manv of the Tartarres when the bodies lie lie^iie
biiedinue on tiie L;roundt', Live then> downe alonge, and siicke of y bloud a full gloute.

Tliei kepe lailiie to no manic, liowe depely so eucr thei biiide them seines thervnto. Thci
deale yet wi-iiisc wilh tliose that llu-i oner come with force. The maidens and voungc women
thei (U'liowrc, .iiul d( lile as iliei (dine to hande, neither do the' iudge it any dishoncstie. Tlie
bcauiifiillcr soric Ihci lead auay with the : :md in extreamc misery, constraine them to lie
tlieir slaues all their lyle loiige. Uf all other thei are moste vnbrideled in Icachcry. For al-

thoi; iit'

'<) .

k '

}lowing
married
idc, and
likes, or
c sortet*.
vrnmeu,
left side,
r wicdes
ite : and
; not the
lici maic

in fro the
one and
cir armi'i*
, in many
my foldcs
but fewc
lot double
c foynin};.
?aiitc, that
ci hauc no
KUmcnte:'.
he princes
irtcn tiu'm
o make the
liackc their
cm to (lye ;
K'i vnarmc
inde of ar-
[c. And in
cmies pnr-
the chase,
newe onset
ouercome
orcountrie,
can neither
of the vic-
wonian nc
vscs. And
ributc them
more acord-
.' hogges :
nnd hangc
V .IS thoiij-h
( iiiuiilaintc
lie fre-hc
;iouto.
viito. Thci
n<;c wonu'ii
)ncsiie. '1'Ih'
them to l>f
cry. For al-
ihoii iu'

jiale.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

121

«:' } H

thpu^he thei marye as n»any wines as thci luste, and arc able to kepe: no denre prohibited,
but mother, doughfer, and sister: yet are thei at rficke bouguers with mankinde, and with
beastes, as the Saracenes arc, and no piinishmcnte for it amonge them. The woman that thei
marie, thei fieuer take as wife, ne rccciuc any dowrie with her, vntill she haue borne a chiidc.
So that if she be barren he mayc ca-ite her vp, and mary another.

This is a notable meruaile, tliat though amonge theim manye women haue but one manne:
yet thei neuer lightely falle out, nc brawic one with another for him. And yet are the menne
parciallc in iheyr loue : shewing miichc more fauour to one then another, and goynge fro
the bedde of the one, strcighte to the bcdde of an other. The women haue their seuerall
tetes and househoides : And yet line verye chastely, and true to their Rouscbandes, For
bothe the manne and the woman taken in adultery, sufirc death by the lawe.

Those that are not occupied for v' warre.s, driiic the catteile a fieldc, and there kepe them.
Thci hunte, and exercise themsclucs in wra«tlinc;r, other thing doc thei not. The care of
jjrouision for mcate and drincke, apparciilc ami houscholdc, they betake to the women. Tliis
people hath many superstitious tojcs. It is a heinous maticr with them, to touche y ficr, or
take flcshe out of a pcittc with a knilc. Thri hewc or choppc no mancr of thing by the firi-,
leasse by any maner of meancs, thei might fortune to hurtc the thing which alway they haue
in reuerencc, and iudge to be the denser, antl purifier of al thingcs. To lave them downe to
reste vppon the whippe tliat thci stirre theyr horse with (for spurres they vse none) or to
touche their shaftcs thorewif!', in no wise thei wylle not. Thei neither kille yonnge birdcs, ne
take them in the neste or other wnic-;. Thci bcatc not the horse with the bridle. Thci lircake
not one bone with .nnoilicr. Thci arc ware, not to spill any spone meate, or drincke, specially
milkc. No manne j)isscth within the compassc of tlieir soiourning pl;icc. And if any one of
self willed stiibbornesse should do it, he ware sure withoutc all mercy to die for it. But if
necessiiie constrainc the to do if (as it often happeneth) then the tente of hym that did it,
with all that is in it, mustc be clensed and purified after this maner. They make two fires,
thre strides one from another. And by cche lire thei pitchc downe a lauelinc. Vpon them
is tied a lyne stretching fro the one to the other, and coucrcd ouer with buckerame. Bctwene
these, ii lauelins, as throiighe a gate, mnstc all thinges passe that are to be purified. Two
women (to whomc this office belongeth) stande, on either side one, spriuckolingc on watre,
nnd mumblingc certaine verses. No strnugier, of what dignitic so cuer he be, or of howe
greatc importance so cuer the cau^^ of his comming be: is admitted to the kingcs sighte
before he be purified. lie that tre.ndeth vppon the thrcssholdc of the tente wherein their
kinge, or anve of his chieffcines lycth, dieth for it in the place. If any manne bite a gobet,
greater than he is able to swallowe, so that he be constrained to jnit it out of his mouth againe :
thei bv and by make a hole \ndrc the tent, and ther drawc him out, and crucllv sica him.
Manv other thinges ther are which thei compte for faultes bcyondc all forgiucnessc. But to
>le;iama, to enuade another inannes country, cdtrary to all rightcaiid reason, to bcrciic them
i.f their gixides and posses»ioiis, to brcake the |)receptes of (iod, tlici oticmc as nothinge,
Thei haue a heliefe that affrc this life thei shal line f(>r eiier in another worlde (but what man-
er of worlde thei cannot telle) Sz ther receiue rcw.nrde for tiieir well doingc:-. When
;itiy of the fillefh siike, Sc licth at the poinfe nf deathe, thci sticke vp a lauelinc with a piece
of blackc ddthe at the dure of tiie tetc wIut he lieth, that none come in as they passe bv. For
no nianni- when he seeth this, dure cntre thether \ mailed.

Aftre what time the siike is dead, his whde house gather together, and priuciv ciii-.(ic'';';hc
(he corps into some j)h\(e wiilionte the tente, chosen for y purposo, Ther cut thev out a
tr'.-nche, broade and dicpe eii.nighc to sette vp another lytic font in : so hat the to|)pc of
the tent mave be well within the grounde. In that tliei prepare a t:d)le with a banket: at
ihe whiche thei sette the deade bodve in his besfe appareille. .\nd so togt-iher, as it ware
uith one hade, couer all with earth againe. Thei bcwry with him also some beaste of bounleii,
atul a horse ready sadled and appointed to ride. The gentlenu" bv their life time, ajjpointc
out a slaiie (whomc thei marke with their brande) to be specially bewried with him
when he dieth. And this do thei vpon pcrswasioii of a life in a nother worlde, wiier thei

vol.. V. 11 WCHildr

;-'J

€■•1!

, I

; 4r "

■, I'

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V* 1

U22

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

-4«fr.

woulde be loth to lacke these necesMric<i. Then doe the deaden fricndcs take another horse,
and slea him. And when they haue eaten the flcshe, thei dtutfc the hide full of haye, and
sowc it againc together and setle it vp oucr the graiic vpon foiirc poles, in remembrauncc
of the dcade. The bones do the two ordcr.arie women burnc, for the clensinge and ;)iirifiengc
of the soule. But the gentlemen, and thei of higher degree, handle the hide altre another
nianer. Thei cut it out into very fine thongcs, to asmuchc lengthc as thei can, and measure
oute asmuche grounde about the Sepulchre as the thonge wille stretche vnto. Forsomuchc
grofid thinrke thei shall the deadc haue in a nothcr worlde. At the thirtieth dayc thei cndc
their mourning.

Cerfaine of the Tartarres, professing the name of Christc, yet farrc from his righteousnes :
when their parentes waxe aged, to haste their death, cranic the with gobins of I'alte. VVhf-
thei die thei burne them to pouldre, whichc thei reserue as a precious lewelle, to strawe
vppon their meatc euery daic. But to declare with what solempnitic and ioifulnes thei settc
vp their newe Kynge, afire the death of tholde : because it ware to longc a thyng, bothc
for the reader & writer to set out at length, I will shewe you in brief thetVccte.

Abrode in the (icides, in a faire plainc ordcnary for the purpose: all the Dukes, Erles,
B;irons, Lordcs, and the rcsie of the nobiliiie, together with the people of the whole kyng-
dome, do assemble. Then take thei hym, to who the rroune is due, either by succession,
or by election. And when thei haue set hym vp in a ilironc of (loldc : thei all fall doune
on their knees, and together with one \()ice eric out a loude, aftrc this matter. We require
the, yea, we will and comtnaitnde the, to take the rule & goiiernauttce of vs. lie attswerefh,
if je will haue tnc «l<ie so, then must ye of necessitie be redv to do whatsoeuer I commaundc
ye. To come when 1 calle ye, to go wiiefher so euer I sende ye, to sica whom so citer I com-
tiiaude ve, withciiit si.iifng or siackcring. And to put the whole kingdome atid ntle in my
liatules, wheit thei haue aunswered, we are content : Saieth he againe, frotn henccfurthe
iheti the speache of my tnouth, shalbe my swearde. To this the people yealde with greate
fhoutes, and reioisyngcs. In the meane while the princes and the nobles, taking the king
out of his tliroiie, spread abrcde oit the grounde a pic<e of lelte : vpoit the whiche, thei
raitse h) m in simple sorte to sine doune, and thus sale to hym. Looke vp, and rcmembre
CiOI) ;iboue the. And ttow looke doune aNo, and behold this felt vndre the. If thou goueriie
welle, thou shalle haue all eiien as thou woitldest wisshe it. But if contrary wise, thou shall
.so be bioiightc doune againe, and so nighe be bereued of all : that thou shaltc not haue so
niuclie, as this poore fclle left the, whervpon thou sittest. This ones saicd, thei settc in Id
hym, of all his wines thedierest derlyng. And liftyng \p the felte aloftc, hailc hym by t'H-
name of Emperour, & her by the name of Empressc. Then come there presetes sireiglu
frotn al countries, and peoples of his dominion : and all the Threasoiires that the kvng, hi',
predccessour Icftc, are brought him. Of the whiche he giueth gifies to al the princes and
high estates : commaundyng the rcste to be keptc for himself, and so dissolucth the Par-
lamcnt as it ware.

lit his handc and power is then altogether, no mannc can : or though he can, he dare not
saic this is myne, or this is his. No man male dwelle in any parte of the lande, but in
that whercvnto he is appoincted. The Etnperourhymself appoincteth the Dukes : the Dukrs,
the Millenaries: the Millenaries, the Ccnturianes: and thei the Disniers: and the DisnicrN
the rcsidcwe. The scale that he vseth hath this superscripcion. GOD in heauen, and t'hutchuili
Cham in e.nrth, tiic force of (Jod, and Emperour of all incline. He hath fine armies of gre.iip
niilliiiude and force : and fine chiefteines, by whom he siibdiieth all that stande against hvm.
He hymscif ncuer .speaketh to any forcine ambassadours, nor admiltelh the- to his preseiuc,
as is aboue saied : excepte bothe thei and their giftes (without the whiche .specially thn
male not come) bee purified by the ordenarie women. The Kyng aunswereth by anotlur
niannes mouthe. And the pcrsone by whom he aunswereth, be he neucr so honourable, W r
the lyme that he becuincih the kyngcs mouthe, kneleth on his knees and giueth so diligent
care, that he swarueth not from tlie Kyng in one woordc. For it is not lawefull fr any
maiiiie, to chaun^a- thekyngcs woordes: ne lor any man in any wise, to rcplic against suclic

scntcie

if-

.ii\

Asie.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

123

her horse,
haye, and
mbraunce
juirifiengc
re another
i\ measurp
r so mucho
thei endc

liteousnes :
ittc. Whr
, to strawi'
•>< thei seltc
yng, bothc

ikcs, Erics,
(hole kyni;-
succcsnion,
I fall (loune
We require
; answcreth,
commaundo
ciier I corn-
rule in my
hencefurthe
with greate
ng the kin^
iN'hirhe, ihvi
i rcmembrc
hoH gouerne
e, thou shall
: not haue so
ci settc in to
hyin by i'h-
L'tes sircighi
he kyng, his
prinres and
cth the Par-
he dare not
ande, but in
the Dukes,
the Disniors
id Chutchutli
niesof greiip
against hyni.
lis preseiuc,
pecially tiin
h by anotlii r
nourable, li r
th so diligent
cfull fir any
against suclic
scnlt'cf

•^

sentecc as he giueth. He neuer drincheth in open presence, but some body first sing to
hym, or plaie vpon some instrumente of Muiti( que.

The gentlemen and menne of honour when thei ride, haue a phannell borne afore them,
on a lauelincH ende, to kiepe awaie the Sonne. And as it is saied, the wome likewise. These
ware the maners and facions of the Tartarrcs, for a two hundred yeres paste.

The GeorgifiH, whom the Tartarres aboute the same tymc did subdue ; ware Christians, aftre
the fourme of the Greke Churche. Thei ware neighbours to the Persians. Their dominius
stretched out a great length, from Palestine in lewrie to the mounteignes called Caspij. Thei
had eightene Bishopries : and one Catholicque: that is tosaie, oncgencrall bishoppe, whiche
was to them, as our Metropolitane to vs. At the firste thei ware subiccte to the Patriarche
ofAntioche. Menne of greate courage and hardinesse. Thei all shaued their crounes:
the Laietie square, the CIcrcqucs rounde. Their women (certeinc of theim) had the ordre
of Knighlhodc, and ware trained to the waires. The (Jeorgianes when tliei ware sefte, or-
dered, and raunged in the fielde, and ware at poind to ioyne the batteill : vscd to drinckc
of a gourdfull of strong wine, aboute the bigguenes of a uiannes lisle. And to sette vpou
their ennemies : muche amended in courage.

Their CIcrcques, whiche we calle the Spiritualtic, niighle vse bothe Simonte and vsurie at
their willc. There was continuall hatred betwixte Tharmenians and them. For the Armenians
ware also Christians, before the Tartarres had subdued the Georgianes and the. But thei
dilfered in many thinges, from the belief and facions of the true Churche. Thei knewe no
Christcmas dale, no vigilles, nor the fowrc quartre fastes, whiche we call Embryng dales.
Thei fasted not on Easter euv, bctausc (sale thei) that Christ rose that dale aboute eueii
tide. \pon euery Salurdaie, betwixte Easier ami Whjisontide, tlici did e.ntc tlesshe. Thei
ware greate fasfers, and beganne their Letc thrc wekcs afore vs: and so streighlly f.-isted it,
that vpon the Weilensdaie and Fridaie, thei neither cate any kinde of (isshc, ne aughtc
wherin was wine, or oile. Belieuing (hat he (hat drancke wine on these twoo dales: synned
more then if he had bene at the stewes with a whore. On the Monedaie thei absteined from
all nianer of meatc. On Tewsdaie and Thursdaie, thei did eate but one meale. Wedensdaie
and Fridaie, nothyng at al. Saturdaie and Sondaie, thei eate flesshcand made lustie chiere.
Throughe their whole Lentc, no manne said Masse but on Saturdaies and Sondaies. Nor
yet on the Fridaies throughout the whole yere : for thei thought then, that thei brake their
fast. Thei admitted to the houseale, aswell children of two monethcs olde, as all other in-
tlitlerently. When thei went to Masse, thei vscd to put no waire in the wine. Thei ab-
steined from Hares flesshe, Beaws flesshe, Crowes, and suehc other as the CJrekes did, and
lewes do. Their Chalices ware of Glasse, and of Tree. Some said Masse without either
albe or vestement, or any mancr suche ornamet. Some onely with thornamftcs of De.icon
or Subde.icon. Thei ware all busie vsurers, and Simonites : bothe spiriluall and Teporall,
as the Georgianes ware. Their priestes studied Sothesaieng and Nigromancie. Their Spi-
ritiialtie vsed lunckettyng odener then the Laietic.

Thei marled, but aftre the death of the wife, it was not lawefull for the housebande to
marie againe, nor for the wife, aftre the death of the housebande. If the wife ware a whore,
the Hisshoppe gaue hym leaue to put her awaie, and marie another. As for the fire of Pur-
galorie thei knewe nothing of it. Thei denied also verie stilly, that there ware two natures
in Christc. The Georgianes saied that thei swarued front the truthc of Christes Religion, in
iliirtic i)oinctes or articles.

ir The. xi. Chapitre.

% Of Turcquie, and of the maners, l.iwes, and Ordenauncc^ of the Turcqucs,

Tile lande, whiche now is called Turccjnie: hath on The.iste Armenia the more, & ronnctii
endelong to the .Sea of the Cilicians : hauyng on the Xorthe, the Sea named Euxiniis. There
.ire in it many coCitries contcined. As Lichaonia, whose heade citie is Iconiuin. Cappadoi ia
with her heade citie, named Ccs.irca. Isauria, whiche hath for the diicf < itie Seicucia.

H 3 Licia.

«*ili

h. . i

^n V

r^.

).(i)

!(f

■n:

I! :1 i

^"j--

■I'

If*

. 4

i..

lii^

124

VOYACrS. NAUKJATIONS.

ytitle.

Licia, whithc now is railed Uriquia. Ionia: now called QiiinqMoun, in the whichc standeth
Kpltcsus. Paphlajjoiiia, .iiul in it OcrinanoprtliM. And Leiipch : that hath for the hcadc
Citie Trapo/ii.t. All thin coinitrie that now is called Tun-quic, is not rnhabitcd by one hc-
iicrall nation, but there be in it TiircqucH, Grekcs, Armenians, Saraccncn, lacobites, Ncstori-
ans, lewcs and Cliristiann. Whithc line lor the moste parte, acording to the Tradirions and
Ordenaunro"', that Mahomet the conntrertict Prophete, jjane vnto the Sararcncs (a people
of Arable) the vere of our Lordc and Satiionr lesus Christe. vi. hundred and. xxi\. A
manne whonie I cm not telle whether I may*" ealle an Arabianc or a Persia. Fir ther be
aurthorities of writer* on either behaulfe. llis lather was an idolastre afire the maner of the
heathen. Hi* mother an Ismalite leaning to the lawe of the lewcs. And whitest in his
fhildehode, his mother tau}»ht him aftrc one sortc, & his father afire another: thei printed
in hvm puche a doubtfnll belief, | when he came to ape he cleaucd to neither. Hut as a
maiuic of subtyle and guilefull wilte, aftre what time he had bene longc conuersaunte
amongest mciinc of the Christian religion : he draue a drifle, dcuised outof both lawes (the
olde and the newe) how he mighle notably cnfectc the worliie.

He said the lewe^ did wickedly to denie Christe (o be borne of the virgine Mary, seingr
the prophctes (me of great holinessc, iV; cnspired with the holy ghosi) had foreshewed the
same, & warned me of many yeres passed to lunkr for him. Conlrariwy.'<e he said to the
Christians thei ware very fondc to lieleue that lesus, so dierly bf loiied of God, and borne ol
a virgine, would siifli*e tiiose vilanies and tormentes of the lewes.

Marliniis Segonius Nouomolanus, in hi>* booke of the Sepulchre of Christe our king, writeth
that the Turkes, and .Sararenes by an auneient opinion receiucd from Machomct : do laughe
Christian nienne to sknrne, that seke thelher with so greate reuerence. Sayeng that Christ
y prophet of all proplietes endewed with the spirite of God, nnd vovdc of all c.irthly cor-
ruption : had ther no sepulchre in very di(de, for that be being a spiriiiiall body roreiued
by the breathe of ^ holy ghost coulde not sull're, but should come againe t.: be iiidge of the
Gentiles. This saicth .Segonius, and many other thinges sounding to lil»»' k n'ectc : whichc
the Nfahometeines are wuie to throwe out against the Christians, bcithe (oolisshciy and wick-
edly. When this countrefeicie prophet h.id saused his secie with these wicked opinions :
he sjaue lliem his liwe, and mirle of religion. Against the whiche les-^e any man of righte
iudgemenle should aflrewanle write or dispute (as against a |)estilent and filthie perswasion)
he wrote a lawe in his Alrorane that it shouldc be deathe to as n)any as should reason or
<li«|)utc vppon it. Whcrby he euidentlie declared, that ther w.ts nothing godly or goodly
theiin. For why fihoulde lie files haue so raked it vp in the ashes, and forbidden it to be
examined: so that the people coulde neiur come to knowledge what maner of ihinge it is
that thei beieue in. In the giuing of his lawe, he vscd m;'"he the counselle & hcipe of the
inocke Sergius : of the wicked secte of the Nestorianes. Asm to the ende it might please the
more \niuersally: he patched it vp together with pecesof all maner of secies. He thoughie
it good to scite out Christe with the beste, affirminge that he w.is a manne excelling in all
holinessc and vcrtue. Yea he extolled him to a more heigth then was appliabic to the nature
of ma, calling him the woorde, the spirite, the soule of GOD, borne out of a virgines
wonibe, whome he also with many wondrefull praises magnified. He confirmed with his
cnnsente, the miracles, and story of the gospel, as farre as it varieth not from his Alcorane.

The Godspellcs Slid he ware corrupte by the disciples of the .Apostles And ther fore
it beiioued his Alcorane to be made, for lo correctc and amende them. Thus faiming info
f.iuimr with the Chri»tias, he would haue bene christened of Sergius. Then to procure, 8c
moue otlier also to fauour his proccdinges : he denied with the Sabellians the Trinitic.
With y Manicheis he made two goddes. With Eunomius, he denied that the father and the
.^-onne ware e(|iial. With .Macedonius he said that the holy ghoste w.ns a creature, or snh-
klaunce created. With the Nicholaites he allowed the hatiingc of many wiues at ones. He
allowed al.so the oUle testament. Althoughc sayd he, it ware in certain places faultie. And
these fondenesses did he beswicte with a wondrefull lure of the thinges that mcnne in this
Me muoste desire. Lcttinge louse lo as many as heldc of him, the bridle of al lecherv

and

standeth
ll>e headc
by one hc-
*, Ncstori-
irions and
(a people
xxix. A
•r thcr be
iner ol' the
ilest in hix
pi printed
Hut as :i
iiuorsauntc
lawcs (the

iry, scinj^r
ihowcd the
said to the
d borne ol

lip, writetli

do laiighe

that Christ

irlhly cor-

f roreiiicd

idge (iT the

tc ; whirhc

r and wii'lc-

opinions :

n of righte

erswasiiin )

reason or

or pr)odly

;n it to be

thinpe it it

eipe of the

please the

e thoiighic

llinp; in all

the nature

a virgine'*

■d with his

« Aicorane.

1 thcr fore

iiininjr into

prom IV, &

le Triiiiiic.

ler and tlu'

ire, or Mili-

oncs. He

iltie. Aiui

line in this

a! kflirry

:ind

ylflf, ' TUAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIK.S.

and lii«te. And for that cause doth thi§ contagious cuil uprcde it «« i «io v^ide In innu-
merable rontries. So ^ if a ina at this day compare the nombrc »>< i em that an v k^m
Mrdiiml, with the other that rcmainc in the doctrine offaithc: he shal easeli perce, e tlx*
.Treat oddes, ware it but herin. That wher Europe alone, (and not al that by a great dcalo)
Mtadeih in the belief of Christe: almoste all Asie, and Aphrique, yea and a greatc pccc of
Europe standeth in the Turkisshc belief of Mahomete,

The Saraccnes that (ir-tc receiuetl the brainesickc wickednesse of thiscounlrefcictc propheic,
dwelto in that parte of Arabia, that is called Pctrca : wher it entrecommuncth with lewry
on tlie one side, and with Epipt on the other. So named of .Serracuni, a place ncrc vnto
the Nabatheis, or rather as thei woulde haue it them selues, of Sara, Abrahams wife,

Wheriipon thei yei sticke fastc in this opinion, j' thei onely of al me arc the lawfull hcires of
Ciorliics behcste. Thei pane them selucs to tilthc, and cattle, and to the warres. But the greater
parte to the warres. And therfore at what time they ware hired of Heraclius in the warres
a^ainste the Persians : when he had gotten the victory, and thei pcrceiued them selucs to be
defrauded bv him; kindled with the angrcof the villanye the! had done vnto them, by the
cduiisell and jierswasion of Mahomet (who tooke vppon him to be their captaine) thei forsoke
Heraclius. And going into Siria, enuaded Damasco. Wher when thei had encreascd them
dclues bothe in nombre, and puruciaunce necessary for them, thei entred into Egiptc. And
subdued firste that: then Persis, then Antiochc, & then lerusalcm. Thus their power and fame
daily so enereaced, and ;;rewc: that men muche feared, that any thing aftcrwardc I ouldc be
able to rcsiste them. In the meane season, the Turkcs : a ferce and a cruell peop: of the
nacion of the Sciihiens, driiicn out by their neighbours fro the mountaines calk Caspij,
came downe by the passaj^e of the moutc (.'aueasus, firste into Asia the lesse, then into
Arini'iiia, Media, and Pcrsis. And by strongc hande wanne all as they came. Against
these the .Sarai'<'nes went forth as to defeiide the bordrcs of their gnucrnauncc. But foras-
muche as this neweeome pr)wer was to hardc for them, the Saracencs within a while fellc
into such despaire of their state: that vppon condicion that the other would receiue Ma-
hometcs belief: thei ware content thei shold reignc felowlike together with them, in Persis.
Whcrto when thei had agreed, it was harde to saye whether of the peoples had rcceiued the
•ireater dammajje. The Saracencs, in yelding to them the haulf right of their kingdome:
or the other, whichc for coueleousncs therof yeldcd them selues to so rancke, and wicked
a povson of all vertiie and godlynes.

One bondc of belief then so coupled and ioyned them : that for a space it made to them
no inaiier whether ye called them all by one name, Saracenes, or Turkes. But nowe as
ye se, the name of the Turkes hath gotten the bettre hande, & the other is out of remem-
braunce. This peo|>!e vseih moe kindes of horsemC- the one. Thei banc Thimarccni, that
is to saye PencionerM, ahoulc a foiire skore thousande. These haue giuen vnto them by
the kin;>e, houses, villages, and Castles euery one as he deserueth, in the steade of hi.i
wages or pention. And thei attendc vppon the Sensacho, or capitaine of that quarter, wher
their possessions lye. At fliis daye the Turkes are deuided into two armies: the one for
Asie, and the other for Europe. And either hath a chicfteine, at whose leading thei arc.
These ehiel'teimes in tlieir tongue be called Ba.s9ay. Ther are also another sorte nuichc Ivke
to our aduenturers, that serue withoute wages, called Aconizie. And these euer are spoiling
afore when the rampe is yet behynde. The fiueth parte of their butine is due vnto \ king.
And these are ahoulc a fourty thousande. Their thirde sorte of horsemen is deuided into
Charippcs Spahiglauos, & Solupht.aros. The beste, and worthiest of these, are 5 Ch.nrippie:
of an honourable ordrc of knighthode, as it ware for the kingcs body. And those be euer
about him, to the nombre of eyghte hundred, all Scythians and Persians, and cllcs of none
other kinde of inenne. These, when nede is, being in thesighte of the kin^e: fight notablv,
and ilo wondrefidl feates on horscbacke. Spahy, and Soluphtarv be those whichc haue
bene at the kinges bringing \p fro their childchode, to serue his (ihhvabhominarion. And
when thei are come to manncs state, thei marye at the kyngcs pleasure: And be enriched

bothe

135

f<i

^'vj

• i:

:*f

ii-

■I'

; iff:

if .1
i ■ ji '

I }:,»';

l'^6

VOYAGES, NAlilGATIONS,

A»ie.

boilio wilh the (iowerv of their wife, and a Htipcnde. Thc»e for tlic inonte parte wruc Tor
eml)ait<«n(l()ur!«, drpiitien, liviiteiiaiiiiteH and nucIic other dif;niiicN, and arc nextc vnto the
kiiif?e on hothe hU\v<< of hint, when he Rocth any whether .n a jjardc. Tlici arc in numbrc
a thouHandc and thrc hiulrcd.

Amonj{ the fooleinen arc three Hortes, lani/nrie, tlir^c be chosen all the Empire oucr, of
xii. yeres of ngr, or there .ilxMite, by ccrlein that haiic ("onuniision for the purponc : And
ore for a space en.«tructcd in the feactes of warre, in commune ttchoolci. And then aftrc-
wardc are thci choNcn into Hoiildie, and haue f(iuen them a nhortcr ^irmcnte, and a white
cappe, with a tarff toiirned vpwnrde. Their wca|)on is aTargette, a ('iirlihiiie, and a Dowe.
Tlieir olUrc i^ to fortific the C'ampc, and to axitaultc cities. Thci arc in noinbre abouc
twentic ihonnande.

The >econde Kortc are called Axappi, and are all fDOtemen of lij;ht harnesHe, weapnned
will) Nwenrde, tarjret, and a kinde of lon^ laueline*, wherwith thci Mlea the horHCM of their
enemies, in the skirmishc and battaile. These, to l)e knowen fro the lanizarii*, weare reddc
tappci*. These arc appoiiuted in nombre, arrordyiiK a^* the c:ise sliali re(|iiire. iiiit thei
are euer at the leastc foiiretie thoui^ande. When the warres are finixlud, for the whiche tliei
Wiire hired: these are no lonjjer in wages, T'liarmic roialle hath al)oiit two hundred ihmi-
sande armed mcnne, beside a jjreate rai)lc of footemen adiieMlurer-*, tlial take no waj{es, and
suche other as be called out of Garrisons. And amoii>;e these, I'ioners and Cookes, Car-
penters, Armoureri", and suche other as tliei must niedes haue to nialte the waye, wher the
place is combresonie : td circsse viclualies, to amende iiariicssc, to n\akc bred>;es oner Itotides,
to irenciie aboulc their eiuuMnies, to plante baftries, make Ladders, and suche oilier thinj^es
neiess;irie for the siege. Ther foloweth the armie alsti, sondrye sorles of money Masters:
some for lone, sonic for exchaunge, some to buy Ihingcs, And sondric sortcs of occupiers,
fiuch as be thotiglit nedeful in sucli cases,

Hut there is nothi'ig in all that nacion more to be merueiled at, then tlu-ir spiedinesw in
doeynj; ofthinjics: their constantnes in periilc!), and their obedience and precise obseruinge
of ;ill ( nmmaumlemetes. For the least fault, of goeih the heade. Tliei jMsse oner raginge
flniidcs, mounleignes and rockes : roughes and plaines, ihicke and thinne, if thei be com«
ni.'uiM(l('d Not hauiiig respertt- to their lyfe, but to their rulers. No men male awaie with
m. re wait he, no nieii with nmrc hongre. Among them is no mutiny n^, no vproures, no
stiirrc"!. In tht-yr fyglit thei v-e no cries, nor shoules, but a certeine (ierccnes of brayeng.
'Jh^ i kepe siu he precise si ilne in the night, through out their campc: that thci wil rather
.siitlie such as thev haue taken prisoners, to run their waie, then to make any slurrc. Of
ail the |ieo|)l»s :it this daic thei oncly doe warrc, acording to the ordre of armies. So that
IK) manne iiiedeth to nieruasle how it conieth that no people this two hundred vcare and
aboue. haiu- hail !ike succi^sc vnto them. Yea, it may truelv be savil, that excepie it be bv
.some plague or niurreyn, or discrde among ihem sclues, thev can not be subdued. The
appara I tlat ihe soulilii urs do vse, is most i ontely and honcste. In their sadles and bridles,
thcie is ncil'ur ciiriositie. ne yet siiiMTfluilie. No man eniong tiiciu wcjrelh his Armour,
but \shen nii\le is lo fight. They carry their harnessc bthyiulc ilieim, at their backcs.
Thiy vvr iieillu-r l);mncr, slanderile, ne llaugue : but certein lauelins that haue sireamvngc
out fro the ti'ppe, diners coloured thriedes, b\ the whiche eiierv haiule kiiowclh hiscapiteine.
Thi i \sc a ilrume and a liphe, to assemble their Handcs, and to .^tiirrc tlum to the balt(ilc.
Wlui) the baitcile is ilonc. all the .irn>ie is presented to the Kcgesi<,iir j, whiche is someone ol
the nobles) boilie that it maye bee knowen who is slain, and what nombre: and that newc
may be entrcd in their pl.iccs. In all .asscn)blic> and mietinges, I'easie, ir other : thei pr.iic
f(T their xmldiours, and menne of warre. Hut speciallv aboue all other, for those that haue
suHhd death for ihe commune quarellc of their countric : calling them happie, fortunate,
aiitl blessed, that thei \ elded not vp their lines at home, amidde the lamentacions and be-
wailyngcs, of their wines and children, but loste them abroile, anionge the shoutes of their
iiicinics, it the ratling uf the Ilariiei.s, and Launces. The victories of their forefathers and

cldrcH,

,1i

A$le.

TRAFFiaUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

127

c oucr, of
>nHC : And
(hen nftrc-
lui a white
1(1 a Hovvo.
ibrc abuuc

wraponccl
fs ol' their
rcarc rccldc
, Hill thei
vhicho thri
xlrcd tljou-
wngCH, :in(l
)()ki'j*, C'ur-
, whcr tl)f
iicr llomlcH,
lier thiii^cH
ry MasiiT*:
f uctupicrH,

icdinesHc in
()l)siTiiin^(*
iiiT nijjinup
ici be c<iin-
> uwaie with
pniiiros, 110
[)(" brayciii;.
i wil rathi-r
slurre. Ol
CM. So that

vrarc and
plo it be by
(iiied. The

nd bridles
hiH Armour,
hi'ir bai'kcM.
slreamynne
iscapileini'.
the bailiili'.
Miinu one ol

I tiial iie\»c

: thei pr.iic
so lliat hauc
rortutuile,
)ns and be-
iites (.1' tiu'ir
ret'athers and
eldre-',

eldrc«, thri pttf* Into Baladc, and ning thcim with greatc honour and praiiic» : for that
thei fhinke th«e couragc-t of the nouhlioiini and mcnnc of warrc, be iniichc tpiitkcntd, and

kindled thereby. e e r ,

Their dwelling houNett arc rommunely of timbre and claie, very fcwe of itonc : for of
them arc the noble inenneN hmwe* their temple*, and Batthe-*. And yet arc there amongc
the rommiipes, men able of them nelf alone, to net fiirthc an whole armie, furninithcd at nil
poincles. Wut becaiiHC thei arc naturally giiien to ^parinj? and to abhorre all ptumptuoiisc-
nesse, embrasinK a lowe and nimple state : thei we! beare lhi»* volDtarie poucrtie, and rude
homelinew-e. For this raiwe aUo, doe thei not met by any kinde of l»aintern Imancrie. As
fur the othrr mageric of corue jjrauen, or molten workc, thei do ho hate and al)horre : that
thei call v» I "iriMtian* for delinhtinjj (to muthe in them, vcric Idolatount and lma>;c wor-
iihippera. And do not oncly ho tallc vn, l)nt wil earnently arnue, that we arc ho in dcdc.
Thei v«' iv<^ Sealed to their Lettres, of what nortc ho euer thei be, the kyn^en or other. Hut
they creditc the m.itier, assone an thei hauc red the HuperHcription, or heard the name of
the sender. Thei occunic no bellcH, nor HuH're not the (UirintianeH that dwellc amug them
to do. Thei j;ame not lor money, or any valcwc cIIch. And if it fortune that any mannc be
foiinde to do, in many sudric wise ihei reuile him, and baite him with Nhamcs and rcproclic.

No man amonj; them, of what degree or dignitie nn euer he be : re(piireth fori: e ciiairc,
stnole, (»r other kinde of ncate to sitic vpon. But foldinge bothe him hcU'c and hi^ riotiies,
aftrc a moonle comely sorte : rutketh downe vpon the urounde, not mucle vnli c lo the
sitting of our gellewomen oftc timen here in Kngiande. The table wherupon the eate, iit
for the mooNie parte of a Hulloikes hide, or a Ilartes skinne. Not dresNcd, but in iie hearc,
facioncd rounde, beyng a fowre or due Npannc oucr, and so set ruunde about on the bor-
dre, or verge, with ringlettes of iron : that putting a couple of Htringes throughc ilie riii;;e<i,
it mave be drawen together, and shulte and opened like a purse. House, or Cluin he, or
any other plaie wher they entendc to sitte, no man entretn with his shoes on. For it is
rompied a very dishonest and an vnmanerly facion, to Hittc shoed. Wherfore they vse a
mnner of slippc shoocs, that may lightly be piilte of and on. The place where thei sitie,
cither at home, or at Churche, is in some |)lace matted, and in some place ouerspred with
course woollen C.irpette. And some places also, cither for the lowenes, moistenes, or vii-
( leanelinesse thcrol are planckcd with boorde.

The garmentes aswell of the menne, as the women, arc large and longe, and open afore:
that thei may the more honestlie and couerlly hide all, when nature crauelh to be c.ised.
And in doeyng those niedes, thei take greate hiedc, that their face l»e not into the .Southe,
as it is whe thei pr.tve. As also that thei discouer no priuie parte, that any man myghte
fortune to see. The menne make water silting, aswell as the women. For if a man ainongci
them, ware sene to make w.iter standing : he should be iudged of all, a foole, or an heri-
tiqiie.

From wine (as from a |)rouokcr of al sinne and vnclcnnosc) thei absteine by their lawe.
And yet eate they the (irapcs, & <lrincke muste. Thei also forbeare to eate any thinge,
that commeth of the Ilogge : or any thinge ellcs that dieth of sickenesse, or by aducnturc
vnslain. Hut any other ihinges, l)eing mannes meate, thei refuse not to eate. Thei wor-
tihippe the F'ridaie, laicng all labour and busincise ap.-'rte, with as greate solempnitic and
deuorioii, as we dee the .Sondaic, or as the lewes (loe the Sabboth daie. In cuery citie
thire is one priiwipall or head Ciuinlu'. In ihcAvhichc vppon the Fridaie at afire Noone,
ihi'i all as>i<'ml)|c lofi-iju'r. And afire sole|)ne praicrs, hearc a scrmone. Thei acknowledge
one (ioti, to whom ihci make no like, nor equalle : and Nfahmnet to be his trustie and wel-
heioucd i'ropheh". All ihe S.iran'iics are l)ound to |>rnie line times on the daie, with their
fates toward the South. .And belore thei so do, to the ende thei niaie be cieane from all
filtlie ol Ixidie : lo \va>ishc lliem selues loppe and laile, heade, cares, eyes, nose, moutlie,
amies, haiuies, braly, (diioiH. legges and licte. Specially, if he hauc bene late at the
roile with a woman or stouped on his laile to vnburdcn his bealic. Kxcept he hauc •^ome
lettc of iournie, or sickenesse. But if he lackc walrc to doc this withull (a* that sieldome

t li

lit

r*. '■ '

■:'l

■ 'i

I* H

■J

Mil

r' ■

1S8

\oya{;es, nauigations.

■flSU,

or lienor ran liappon, for that tliei liaue in all cities, hatlics orJcnaric for ihc purpose) tiici
Mipplie tlu- defaiilte ^\itli the moiikle of frcsshe cleane earthe, wherewith ihei riibhc oner
their whole bodies. Who so is poliiilcil in any niaiicr wise : snllreth no man before this
clensinu;, to speake witii hym, or to see him, if it bo possible. Ilnery yere for the space of
Hue wiekes rontiniially toj^ctler, thei fasle al dale as presicely as is pos-;ible, bothc (ro
meatc, drincke and women. Hut aftre the sonne is ones doune, till the next daie he riseth,
thei neither spare eatviisi "*' drinckyn};, ne pre.s.synj^ of pappes. In thcnde of their lente,
and asi^'ine the sixtieth daie affre: Thei kiepe tlu'ir passeoiier or I'.aster, in remebraiincc of
the Hanibc shewed vnfo Abraham, to be Sacrificed in the sleaiie of his sonne, and of a cer-
faine nighte in the whiihe thei doe beleue that the .Mcorane was giiicn them from iteauen.

KiuTV vere ones, the Saracenes also are bound of diietie to ^isite the house of (lod, in
the citie of Mecha : bothc to aiknowledifc their homane, and to velde vnto Nfahomele his
vcrelv honour at his Sepulchre there. The Saracenes civupelle no m.in to forsake his opini-
on or belief: ne yet labour so to jierswade anv coutrie to do. .\lthous>h (lioir Alcorane
commaunde thcim to treade doune and de-troie all nutine of the contrary bi line yea them
& their prcphetes. Hut through this suHeraiice, ther are to be foiuule enliabitinj; in Tur-
kic, pe<'ples of all opinions, antl beleue : euer\' man \sir)»re suche kinde of worshippe to
his (j( (1, as to his religion ajjpcrfeineth. Their priestts do not niiuhe (iillre from the com-
mune people, nor yet their churches from their dwelling hou>es. Yf ihei knowe the .Mco-
rane, a-.d the praiours anil ceremonies of their lawe, it sulBscth. Thei are neither giuen
to conteplacion ne vet sthole study. For why thei are not occupied with anv churrhe ser-
uice or cure of soules. Sarramentes haue ihei none, nor rciiques, nor halowinges of fontes,
Aulters. aiul other necessaries. But prouidinge for their wines, their chifdren, and house-
holdcs. thei occupir their time in husbodric, marchaundise, huntinge, or some other meane
to g«t the penie, and mainteyne their lining, euen as the leinpordl men doe. I'hrr is no-
thing lorbidden them, nothing is for them vnlawfuil. Thei be neither burdoned with til-
lage, 11'^ lionilage. Thei be muche honoured of al me, for that thei are skiifull in the cere-
monies of the lawe, teache them to other, anti be the gonernotirs of the churches.

They haue mmv schooles and large, In the which great nombrcs are taught the lawes
there giuen bv kinues, for the liuile gouernaunce ami di-fence of the Healme. Of the
whiclie '■ome are afrerwarde sette fourtli to be njcn of the churche, and .sonic to be tcmpo-
ralle oflii ers Their spirituallic is deuided into inanv and srnlrv sorles of religions. Of
(he whi( he scmie line in the wooddes iV yvyUlernes siionnvng all companve. Some kiepe
open ho-^pitaliiic in cities, and vet Hue bv almosc them »elues. The>.e if thev lacke meate
to refreshe the niedy siraunger and jiclligritie, yet at the lea.st waie they giue him herbour
and ludgv ng Other, roinnyng the < iiies \p and downe and carveng alwav in lx>iiles faire
watre and fre-she, if any man be disposed to drinkc, vnaskcd ihev willingiv prolbv it him,
and refuse not to t.ike, if he for their gentlenesse ofli-e aught vnto tliein agavii. Otherwise
they crane nothynu'. but in al their woordes, gesture, beliauour. it diedes; shcv\c theim
seines anngt'lles railiierthen inenne. .And eiiery one of these hath one knowledge or other,
of dillereee fp'm the rea-te. The S.iraceiies or furkes are\eiv i)reci-e executours of lus-
tice. U ho S.I coin:nittct!i bl-nidshed : hath in like sorte his owiie shedile a-aine. Taken in
adultery, both |)arties are streiuht without mercy >toncd to dealhc. Ti.ei haue also a pu-
nis^hement for fortiicatiu, whi( he is to the manne taken with tlu- die !e, fonre score ierkes
or la>shes with a sk( urge. \ thief for the (ir>t and tlie >econde lime, escapeth with so
manv stripes. Hut at the ihiixle tune, hath his li.ule cut of, ami at the f.iuiihe his locre.
ir that endairageth any maiuie : as the losse tir hinderuince shalhe valeued, so musfe he
of force reron)|)eiice. In cl.iiining of goodes, or po-sessioiis, the ( laiincr nuistc proue by
witnes.c that the thing claimed is fiis : and th- trei>ier -halhe tried by his othe. Wime-sci
thei adniitte none, but peroii-s of knowen honcstie, iSt siuhe as mighte iie brlieued wiih-
oute an othe. Thei hane also cerlaine spiefaiiltes ordinariKc appoincleii (nnuhe like to
our Sompnonrs) dial spie in euery shiere for suclie as be nei ligent, and let slippe su( he
oraisons, and seruicc as thei be bofide to. Those if tliei fortune to lindc them : do thei

pnniijhe

delighti

light l!'
(h)\vyiig
deiiilie>
(nully \

-i

^„V. TRAFFIQUF.S, AND DISCOUERIES.

ininishc nrtrc this manor. Tlioi hfitrc a horde about their ncrkcs, ^vitll a p;rcat many of loxc
tnilcs and Id/ruinf-c lliom xp Mid downc the sfrctos : all oiiiT the citie, ihpi lu-iicr k-tte
thcm'go vnfvll thev liaiic rompmmdcd by the j)iir>'e. And in this al*o nothinj? vnlikc to
our Srinpnours. It is lawfiill (or no niniinc, beingo come to manncs state, to line vnma-
riol. It is compfrd amonj^o them a-i lawliiii lo banc. iiii. xviucs, as it is amonge vs to haue
one. Mario wh.Tt sooner is aboue this nombre (as thei may if ihei lisle, and be able to
kepc them, ijo d'-grci' excepted, but mother and sister, inarie a hundred) thei are not iudgcd
so liiwfnlle. The"ehildren ih.nt thei liane !)othe by the one, and the other h.nue ctpiaiic por-
rion ill the I'ltiiers enheritaunce. Sauing that. ii. women children are rompted in porrio but
f(T one man chiide. Thei haue not. ii. ol their wines together in one house, ne yet in one
illie. Tor the busines, & di-(]uiitingcs that might happen therbv, but eiiery wife in a sc-
ncr.ill fowiie. The hou'^eliandr ; haue liiierlye to put the away thrise, and thrise to take them
aiviine. 15ut yet when he tath ones piitle her awaie, if any manne haue taken her, and she
lust to abide witli hyni, she maie.

Their women arc mosie hoiiestlie appareilrd. .And \ pon tiieir headcs doe vse a eerteine
attire, not iniiehe vnlike the veluef Innette of oide Engiande : wlierof tli- one lappe so
b:uigeth vpjion whielie side semeth her good : that when siie is disposed to go out of the
diiores, or to eome amongest mcnne withiii the bouse, she maie hide therwith by and by her
whole Face, saiiyng Iier eyes.

The Saraceiies woman, neuer d.ire siiewe her self wher tlier is a company of menne. To
go to the marehale to orrupy byeng or sellyng in any wise: is not syityng for their wome.
In the head church they liaue a place farre a part fro j' men : so close tiiat no manne eaniie
looke into tliem. Into the which notwithsfandyng it is not laufull for eiiery mans wyfe to
cntre : but for the noliilitie (Miely. Ne yet for them nevther, but on Friday, at the onely
lioure ef iKumc prnier: whiche as I h.?ue aforesavd, is kept amonge tliein high and holy.

To see a man atid a woman taike together ther, in t!ie o|)en strcte or abrode : is so strauge,
and !-o \nwoiite a thing, that in a whole yere it skate haj)peiicth ones. For a man to sitte
wi'Ii his wvfe in open sighte, or to ride with anv womPi behindc him : amongest them ware
a wondrc. .Maried couples iieuer dally together in the «igbtc of other, nor chide or falic
out. Ibit tlie menne bcarc alwaies towardc the women a manly discrete sobrenes, and the
women, towarde them a demure womanlie renereiiee. Create mcnne, that cannot alwaie
haue their uiues in tlieir owiic eye, appoincte redgeiinges, or gueltc menne to awaile vpiion
them Wliiche waite them in dicde so narrowlye, tli.it it ware imjiossible for any man be-
side tlie housebaude to speake with tlie wyfe vnsene : or the wyfe by any stealthe to f.ilse
her Ironih and honestie. Finally the Saraccnes do so full and whole lieleue their Mahomete
& his lawes : that tiiei double no wbitte, but the kepers of them shall iiaue euerlastiiig bless-
cdnesse. That is to s.iye, after their opinion, a jiaradise of pleasure, a gardein plotte of
delighte, full of swiele riiuiles if Chris'.alline watre. In whose botomes y grauelle, pojiletb
like glisteryng golde. The ayre alwaie so attemprc and pure, that nothyng can be more
swiete, more ptea-aunfe nor healthsome. The grounde cowered and garnis.shed with natures
Tapes<erie, neither larking any colour that ple.asaunte is to the eye, or sauour that maie de-
light the nose. Hirdes syngyng with suche armonie, as ncuer mortalle care heard. Briefly
(lowyng in all pleasure that any harte can aftre thinrke. IVisshes for the mouthe, of all
deinties. All maner of Silkes, Veluettcs, Purples, Skarlettes, and other pr ( lous apparelle.
(ioilly yiMinge daniosetles, with graie rowlyng eyes, and skimie as white as Wliales bone,
softe a-i (he Silke, and breathed like the Hose, and all at their becke. Vesselles of siluer
and golde. .Vngcllcs for their Butlers that shall bryng theim Milke in riobleltes of golde,
and ridde \sine in siluer. But contrariewise, thei threaten \nlo tlie breakers of them, liellc,
and euerla-lyng destnu cion. This thei also bcleue, that be a maMiie wrapped in neiier so
many synnes, yet il at iiis death, he bclcuc \pon God, and .Macliomele, he »halbe saued.

129

m't

vol.,

f The.

. t I

.u-

(.- V

' ■■;

i '

130

\'OYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

-4.s7c.

1[ The. xii. Chapitrc.

11 Of the Christians, of their firsic coininyng vp, their Ccremonien, and ordenaunces.

CHristc Icsu, the cternallc and vcric sonnc of thalmighlic father, the secondc persone in
the holic inseparable, cquallc, and euerlastyng Trinitic: Of a scttc purpose, and spiritiiallc
secrete, not reiiealed i'rom the heginnyng of fynie, & aboue niannes capacilie : was by the
nieane of the holy ghost, conceiued and borne manne. In lewric, of a Virginc, of the
itarpfrrihi.y stdcke of Dauid, a thoiisande Hue hundred, and twentic ycres* goni' Tosettc vs miserable,
this fi lit iiui and vnhappie nienne on foote againe, whiche ware in Adam and Eiu", by the sinne of dis-
xjxv.jercs'con". obcdicme ouerthrowen. And tobryng vs againe, vnio our heauenlie natiue countric, from
the whiche we haue by so many ages, for that presumption bene banished. Finally, to re-
pairc and supplie in heauen againe ones, the ruine and fa! of those spiriles, whiche a space
afore our crcacion, ware thurste dounc fro tliencc For the whiclie purjiose, wc chiclly ware
made. This lesus, from thirtic yeres of age, vntiil thirlic and fowre (in the whiche, tliroughc
the maliciousnes of the lewes, he sulfred on the galowc tree) traiieillyng ail lewrio ouer :
first moiled and exhorted tlie lewes, and then other peoples, from the olde I.awc of Moses,
and their wicked Image worsiiippe, to hi-" newe orilcnaunce and trade. And as many as would
folovve, and jloe aftre h\m, he callt»l thcini his scholers or tlisciples. Out of the whiche, he
Hauc \nto. xij. that he had specially cho«c, t'omissioii alire liis death (when he had appercd
to the on liuc again, as he had forewarned the y he would) to go a-- Legate*, or Einba.ssa-
toiirs into y whole world, &: to prcache vnto all creatures, what so euer thei had sene or
le.irned of hiin. Simon Petre (to whom longe afore he had surrendred the goucrnamue and
chiefieinshippe of his Cliurche, as in reucrcion aftre him) whe aftre the comyng of the holy
gho-tc som>.' wente into one costc, and some into another, euery manne his waie, as thei
ware allotted and commaunded : came first vnto Antioche. And there setting vp the first
and chief chaire of the Churche, kepte a counsaille with the other Apostles, whiche often
tymes catrc to hym. In this Counsaille among other thinges it was decreed, that asmany ax
should rcceiiie, and cleaue vnto the doctrine, and righte |)crswa!.ion of Christes gfKllines:
shoii d fro thence fiirti e be called Chrislianes. This .Scafe of kuperioritie, beyng aftrewanic
Ininslatcd to Home : bothe he niul his .Successours, tooke it for their chief charge and busi-
ncs«e, to put the rude aiul rawe secte of their Christe, and the folowers of the same, in some
good ordre and trade of gouernaunce. Hothe aftre the nianer of Moses Iaxwc (whiche
Chriote came not to breake, but to consummate :'.r;c! finishe) and the stale of the Homaiii
gouernaunce, the Greke, and Egipcian : and also 'jy paterne of the Ceremonies, obseruaunce;.,
lawc-, and ordenaunces Ivcclesiasticallc and Temporalle, of many <'ther peo|)lL's : Itut spc-
ci:illv afire the doi trine, of Christe lesu, and the woorkyng of the holy ghoste, to brviig
tiuin in to frame and facion. When thei ware entred in the inattier: As thei sawe that me
not eiions; the Ilehrue-i alone, but emog other j)eoples also, ware deuided into Kcclesiasti-
calle and Tem|)oraIle, Spiritualtic and I.aietie : and eche of theim in moste goodly wise, into
their dignities and degrees (The Komaine l^inpcrour then being gouernour ol the whole
worlde aloiu-, to haiie Coiisulles, Fathers or Scnatours : at whose becke all lliinges ware de-
ui-ed and doone : And in the reside\se of the earthc to bee many Kyngis, manv Diikis,
Fries, I'residciitcs, and Deputies of countries, and their Lieutenaunies : Maresshalles of the
fielde, and highe Conestables for the comunes, Pretoiirs or Prouj)sles, .Standerdbearers roiallc,
Centurianes, and Disners, Seriauntcs, Conestables, Collectours, Suruciours, I'lrleix, Scribes,
Listers, and many other pcrsones without oifuc, bothe menne aiul wonii'n. .And in the 'I'em-
j)Ies of their Goddcs, a Sacriliccr roialle, whiche is to saie in effecte, a highe Trieste of ilu-
digiiitie of a kyng. .Art hellainines, J'lamii.es of honour, and t>ther I'lainines inleriour and
histc ill degree their Friestes. Anil by like ordre enumg the llebrues : an highe His.shoppc,
ail ' inferiniir I'riestes, Leuitcs, N'.i.'areis, candle quenchers, coinmaunders of Spirites,
Chiirthe \V:irdiines, aiuI Sviincr-., <vliic'ie wee calle Ciuiuntours aftre the I'renche. ,\:ul
ainug the Cjrekes : Capiteiiie.-<, or heailes ouer a thousaiule, ouer an hundred, ouer fiuetie,

ouer

Asie,

ouer ten
and the
•Sadducei
the Rom
folowe h
father ol
And that
there, w;
twaine) i
stantinop
the place
three Dul
bishopjics
For as th(
bisshoppc
an Eric,
denarie in
high cone
uoste, the
And for i
Prieste, S
Deacon st
Atables, e:
Jectours ol
The Chaui
Uenet and
All thes
to saie, a 1
'I hereof cr
Clergie, w
seuen derri
sone him s
Jite, and tf
oflicies, &■
To the I
virgines, <S
hantles vpt
Priestes frt
iiocacius a
<hnrche.
that be nev
to giue it fi
more streig
in the crou
their heare
» Their liu
voiJt' of all
nccorAvnftl
li>^ct\y\o p
thinges per
panics or
cines, Au!
Whiche al' I

Aiie.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISC0UF.R1ES. ISI

ouer tcnc, and ouer fine. And that there ware yet beside these, bothe cmong the llebrues,
and the Romaines, many coucntes, or coinpaignies of inenne and women Religious. As
Sadduceis, Esseis, and Phariseis c»nong t'le Hebrues : Salios, Diales, and Vestailes, enu.ng
the Romaincs: The niostc holy Apostles did all conaente, that Petre, anu thei that should
folowe him in the seate of Romr, should foreucrmore be called Papa. As who would saic,
father of fathers, the vniuersalle. Apostolicalle, moste holy, and moste highc bisshoppc.
And that he should at Rome be Presidente ouer the vniuersalle Churchc, as the Empirour
there, was ruler of the vniucrsali worldc. And to matrhe the ConsuIIes (whiche ware euer
twain'e) thci appoinctcd fowre hcnd Fathers, in the Greke named Patriarches, one at Con-
stantinople, another at Antioche, a fhinic :it Alexandrie, and the fowrthe at Hicrusalcm. In
the place of the Scnatour'^, thci took the Cardinalles. To matche their kynRcs, whiche had
three Dukes at commaundemente, thei tlciiised Primates : To whom ware subiecte thrc Arche-
hishoppcs. So that the Archehishnppe or Mctropolitane, standeth in the place of a Duke.
For as the Duke had certciii Krics or Haroncs at his commaundemente: so haue the Arch-
bisshoppcs, other inferiour Risshoppes at their-;, whiche also by reason muste countreuaile
an Erie. The Bisshoppcs coadiutour or SulTraj^ane, came into the Prcsidentes place. Thor-
dt-narie into the Deputies, then did the Ofliciallc matche with the Mareshalle. And with the
.high conestable for the comunes, the Bishoppes Chaunrelour. And for the Pretour or Pro*
iiostc, thci sctte vpan ArchcdcacO In stcde of the Ccturiane, was a Deane appoinctcd.
And for the Disnerr, the Persone or Vicare. For the Aduocates, crept in the Parisshe
Prieste, Soule Pricste, Chaunteric Prieste, Morowe M.issc Pricste, and suchc other. The
Deacon standeth for the Siiruciour. The Subdeacon, for the Serieaunte. For the two Cone-
stables, came in the two Comau'iders of Spirites, called Exorcista; in the Greke. The Col-
Jectours otiice, was matched with the Churche wardeines. The Porter became the Sexteine.
The Chaufour, Scribe, and Lister, kiepe stille their name. The Acholite, whiche we calle
Benet and Cholct, occiipieth the roume of Candlebearer.

All these by one commune name, thei called Clerj, of the Greke woordc Clcros, that is
to sale, a Loti". For that thci ware firste from among the people, so allotted vnto GckI.
Thereof comcth our tcrmc Clerque, and his cosine Clergie. Neuerthelesse, this name
(lergie, was not so commune vnto all : but that it siemed moste proprely to reste in the
seucn degrees, tliat the Pope of Rome v-icd for his .Vlinistres, when he saied Masse in per-
sone him self. That is to sale, the Bishoppe, the Priest, the Deacon, & subdeacon, y Acho-
lite, and the ChaOtour. Vnto euery of these gauc thei in ^ church their seueralle dignities
ollicies, 8i appareile.

To the Bisho|)pe was giuen aucthoritie, to onleine and make other Clerckes. To 'enueile Thitijtouie
virnines, & to hallow them. To consecrate their likes, and their superiours also. Tn
handes vpon the. To condrme and Bisshoppc childrc. To hallowe Churches. To put
Pricstes from their Priestb le : and to de';rade theim, when thei deserue it. To kiepe Con-
uocai iOs and Sinodes. To make holy oile : to hallowe the ornamentes and vesselles of the
< hurche. And to do also other thinges, that the inferiour Priestes doe. To enstnicte those
that be newly come to the faithe. To Christiane, to make the Sacramcnte of the Altare, and
to giuc it to other. To absolue the repgtaunte of their sinnes, and to fettre the stubberne
more streighte. To shcwe furthe the Gosjiellc. To enioyne all Priestes to shauc their heades
in the croune, like a circle of iiij. fingres brodc, aftre the maner of ^ Nazareis. To kepe
their hcare shorte, to weare no beardc. And to line chaasle for euer.

» Their liuyng onely to rise of the firste fruictes, tenthes, and oflTringes: and vttrely to be
vo'ulf of a\\ temp<iralle and Laiemennes cares and biisinesse. To be honestlie appareiled, and
accorA^Oftly to vse their pas-e and conuersacion. Onely to serue (iod and the churche. Di-
li'^tt\^ to plye the reading of holy scripture, ^ they them selucs mighte perfectly knowe all
th\u<ies pcrtcining to Christian religio, wherin thei are boud to enstnicte other. The com-
panies or couftes of religious, aswel men as women : are Benedictines, Preachers, Francis-
cmes, Augusiincs, Barnardines, Anthonines, lohanites, Cisternoi.s, and innumerable oilier.
\\ liithc al haue their habite, and maner of lining by them selfe : acordinge to the rule that

S id echcone

1„: to makf
'■'" Nonnes.

n ^

<f 1. 1

1 'v'

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r'U !

Vi:'^

B •

■■1,1
!1

i k ■

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J <

U I,.:

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133

The Latinf call'
ftli 11 a sliicft

ri.«i i-

Ho'.i prima,
tcrtu, ccxta.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Mic.

ccheone priiiately prescribed to them seines. And lined for the moste parte a solitary life,
profcxsin-i; chastilie, poiirctic, and perpetualle obedience. And for their solitarines theGrcke
called t!iom Monaclii. Some of thc!<c hane Cor their headcs Abbotes, some Priours : whichc
arc cither subicctc lo the Po|)e oncly, or to the bishoppcs. A! these vsed cnules, much .ilire
one facio, hut in colour diners, & abstained fro (lesiic. The bishoppes when ihei say masse,
haiic. XV. holy garmenfes, aftrc y maner of Moyses lawe, for y perfectio of the. His boatc-
wes, his Amice, an Aibe, a Girdle, a Stole, a Maniple, a Tnnicle of violclte in gniinc
fringed, his gloues, ringe, and chesible or vcslimentc, a Sudarie, a cope, u mitre and «
• *crosse stad'c. And a chaire at the Aiillares ende, wherin he sittclh. Of the whichc. vi. arc
comnuinc to cuery infcriour pricste : the Amice, the Albe, the girdle, the stole, the Mani.
pie, and the vestiment. But oner, and aboue all these the Pope, by the gifte of Conslan-
fi'ie the greate, hath libcrtie to weare al the ornamentes Iniperialle. That is lo save a kinio
of skarlet, a robe of Purple, a sceptre, and a close coronc. With the whiclie al'tre he hath
rauisshcd him selfe in the vestrie, v|)pon solempnc fcasles, when he entedclh to do mas^c :
he comnieth forth lo tiie auharc, hawing on the right sitle a pricste, on liie Icftc side a l)c:i-
con, a Suhdeacou going ijcfore him with a booke fastc sluittc, two caiulle bearer'*, and nn
encensour with the censoure in his haiule smoking. When he is come to the griessingcs, iho
stayers, or foote of the aultare : putting of his mitre, he maketh open *confession of ili^
sinnes together with his company.

That dr-nc lie goeih v|) to the aultare, openeth the booke, lienge vpon the lefte corner oi
the .-.amc, kvsselh it, and so jirocedeih in the Solempni'-aciO of y .Ma-se. The subdeatdii
rcadelh the epi»tle, and the Deacon the gcidspelle. Priesies of al degrees, are chargeil ii
priv-e God seiien times a dale, and to pmye with ordenarie oraisons. Towardc the cueninnc
cuensonge : and compline more late. .Vlalines in the morninge, and incontinentc prnnc,
and howres, in ordre of tvme, as thei stande in *ordre of name .\nd this humbly befon
the aull ire, if he maye coniicniently, with his face towardc the Itaste. The pater nosire and
the Crede said t!iei, oncly at the beginnyng of their sernice, a« the commune people d
nowe a <iaies also. Saincte Icromc, at the vrgent re(|ue?.t of Pope Damasus, parti d out lie
Psalmes .irording to the dales of the wieke. And ajipnincted for encry lioure a pon io i.|
propre psalmes. For the nighte hourcs on the holy d.iye. i\. and on liic working dayc. \ i.
For laudcs in the morning, v for cuensonge as many, and for rche other hoiire but thre. lie
also ordeincd the Kpistles, Godsjjelles, and otiier scruice, vsed to be reil out of iheoldcir
newe testament, in maner altogether, sauing y note. The Anthemes (which .Vmbrn,,',
Piv-shoppe of Millavne wrale. and endilcd) Daniasiis put ordre that the (juierc "hoiild sir,
side aftre side, & added to eucry psalnus ende. (iloria patri, \c. The lesson-* and Iliii!|);ii.
that go before eclie one of t!ie howres did y coiiceiles of Thoulouse and Agalhone auclhonv.
The orisons, the grailcs, tlic trades, the Allelnya, thollertorie, the ("onmiuniDi.s in tho
^fn'^^sc, ll'.e Anthemes, Versicle>i, rej)itioiis, and other ihinges, either souge ur redde I-.
iivghteorby tla\e, to the be.iutilieng, .and pr;i\sing ofCiod: did (ireiiorv, (ielasius, Ai;!-
l)rose, and many other holy faliier-. di'iii>e, and put funlii-, m f at one time but .it soni!r\
'I'lie .Masse (so tcrnie thii the sacrilicej was (ir^te xsed lo be done in »uclie simple sorte. .
yet is accustomed, \ ])pon good Friihu , <S; liaster cuin, wiili certeine Icssus before it. l'.-
tiien Po|)e (Mcsiinus put to the odire of the Masse. 'J nele.pliorus, (iloria in exteisis : i'
Hiiarius of Pictauia made tiie V.t in terra. .Simac bus ordeincd it lo he si^ngue. The S.ilni.i.
cios, which by y ternie of Doniinus vobiscuni, he mule scucu l\iiies in a Masso, ware I.im.
out of the booke of Uuthe, by ("lemente and .\na( kie, and put in, in llieir p.'aies. (. ■
sins made vp all tlie re.ste to tlie Od'ertcry, in tiie sone ordre iliei be \s(d. l',\ceplc ih»' n-
quences and the Crcdc: wherof Nicolas put in the (irsie, .V Dainasus the nexle : aidftlin;
to tho Sinode of Constantinople. The bidding of the br.ulis, with the <ollacion ihaiu:.
woiite to be made in the pulpile on S!)ndaies, and ii.ilydaies : raiihcr grewe to a < iistinu- ;
the esaniple of Nehemias, ,uul I>dias, iJuMi was by anv an< liioriscd. In this (("Ilaiiiu ;.i i ,■
lirste (cii.iniing vp thcr"!, when so nianv as ware prc-rte al the Mas«c did rcreiue ll.c > ■,■
munion, acording as was ordeyned by a dcoee: thei thai ware at jii\ di.scorde ware exin : ;

ivrciiK" t!.<' 1
(le \>arc ex In :

ylsie.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

to Concorde, & agrementc. And tliat thei should rccciue the sacrament of the aultcr clcanc
from the filihe of sinne, vppon the wliichc considcracion at this daye it cndcth with ron-
fiteor, or an open confession. There ware thei wonte to tcachc the instrumcntes of the olile
lawe, and the ncwe. The ten comaiindcmenlcs. The xii. articles of our belciic. The
seuen sacramcntes, holy folkes lines, and Martirdomcs, holy dayes, doctrines, and disciplines:
vertues, and vices, and what soeucr are necessary beside ibrthe, for a Christianc to knowf.
Grcs^)ry linked on the oflcrtorie. Leo the prefaces. Gclasius the grcaie Cand, 8f tlic
Icssc. The Sanctus blessed Sixtus. And Gregory ^ Tatcr nostcr out of the (i.isjicll of
sainte Mathcwe. Martialle the scholer of blessed Peter, deuiscd that Hysshoppes should
<rvue their benediction at the Agnus. And as for other infcour pricstcs, Innoccniius com-
rnaudcd them to giue the paxe, that is to sayc peace. Scrgius tacked on the .\gnus, and
Gregory the poste communion. The closing vp of all with lie niissa est, Henodicamiis,
Deo gratias: was Leocs inncncion.

The xii. articles of our beleuc, whiciic tlic blessed Apostles wcuid eucry manue not onely
to coiifcsse with mouthe, but to beleuc also in hartc, are these.

Firstc, that thcr is one God in Trinitio, the father almighty maker of heauen and eartlie.
The seconde, lesus Christe his oncly sonne our I.orde. The thirde the same beinge con-
cciued of the holve ghostc, to haue bene borne of y Virgine Marie. The fourthe, to haue
sullicil vndre I'once Pilate, to haue bene crucified, (le.adc, bewried, and to haue descended
in to hclle. The fiuefh, to haue risen agaync the thirde daye fro the dcade. The sixtctli,
to haue ascended vp into the heauen, and to sitte on the right hande of God the father al-
mights . The seucnfh, that he shall come fro thence like a triupher, (o iudge the quicke and
the deade. The eight, that ther is an holy giioste. The ninetii, y ther is an holy churchc
vniucrsalle, the communion of the godly and good. The tenthe, forgiuenesse of sinnes.
The cleuflh, the rising againe of tiie Hesshe. The twelueth, aftrc our dcfjarting, life in
another worldc euerlasting.

The tenne oommaundcmentes, whichc God wrate with his owne ftngre, and gaue vnto
the Israelites by Moses, wbiche thapostles willed vs also to kicpc. The (irstc, tliou shake
haue none other Goddcs but me. The seconde, thou shalte not make the any graue Image,
or likenesse of any thing that is in hcauC abouc, in the earthc benethe, or in the water
vnder the earthc, thou ^-halt m! bowc doune to them, nor worshippe them. 'Jhe third, thou
hhalt not take the nan e of ihy hi''de God in vainc. The fowrfiie, remembrc that thou kiepc
holie thy Sabboth daie. Tlie (iueth, honour thv father & mother. The sixtcth, thou shalte doe
lu) murdre. 'The seuenlh, thou shalte not comiiiit adulterie. The eight, then shalte not
steale. The niueili, thou shall beare no false witnesse against thy neighbour. The tenthe.
iliou shalte not de.syre thy neighbours house, his wife, his seruaunte, his niaide, his ()\e,
nor his .\sse, nor any thing that is thy neighbours.

The seuen Sacramentes of the churclie, whiihe are conteined in the (iue laste .Articles ol
our beleuc, and commaunded vs by the hnlie fathers to be bdcucd.

The firste, diepyng into the water, called HajJtisyng, aftre the (Jreke. This, bv canoni-
«alle decree, in lime paste was not wonle to be giuen (cxceptc grealc iicces<itie soner
required it) but to those that had bene scholers a sp;icc afore, to learne the thiiiges apperti-
net to (Muistendome. Yea, and iluit aftre thei had bene exreadinglv welle eiistrurted in
the laiihc: and proufe taken of their prolityng, bv seuen examinaticn-, whit he ware made
\pon seiu'u scucrallc dales in the Lcnie, and so ware thei I'aptisscd xpon K ister euen, and
\Vhitesondaie euen. Vpon wliichc daies, thei ware accustomed to hallowe liie i hristening
watre, in euciy Paroche. But because this specially of all other, is chicllv nccessarie vnto
euerlasting saluation ; Icassc any bodie should die with(uit it, thei decreed that a.ssone as the
childe was borne, godfathers should be sought for it, as it ware lor witne>>ie» or >urclics wiiiche
should bryng the childe vnto theChurche doore, and there to staiule without. .\nd then the
Priest should encjuire, Itefore the childe be diepod in the I'onte, whether it haue re-
nounced Sathan and all his pompe and pride. If it beleuc certeincly and wholic, all the
Articles of llie C.'hri^'tianc faithc. And the Godfathers answeriii!:, yea: for it, the Priesle

brcadiv!:";

133

I I

\ >

H-"'

W -'l!

i'M

' ?!

•H

♦H.

V^-

'.!,;

I; vm}:

i.u

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

^/•Vlf.

brcathyiiff Ihrisc vpon his face, cxorciselh it, and cafhcchiscth it. Aftre that, docth he seueii
thingcs to the cliilclc in ordrc. Firstc, he pultcih into the mouth hallowed salt. Sccondcly,
he minjvlcth carihe and hi* spafilc fojjuclher, and smerctii the eyes, cares, & nosethrille-i
of the childe. Thirdly, giuvnj; it smho name as it shall rucr al'tre bee railed by : he
marketli it on the breast and hatke with hnlic oilc, aftre the facion of a rrosse. Fourthly,
he diepcth it thrisc in the Watre, or bcsprinkicth it with watre thrise, in maner of a cros,se,
in the name of the holic •Trinitie, the father, the sonnc, and holie {;host. In the whiclio
name alse, all thoiher Snrrninentcs arc ministred. I'inethly, weting his thumbc in the
holie nintement, he makefh therewith a Crosse on the childes ibrcheade. Sixthly, he put-
toth a white gannent vppon it. Scnenthly, he takcth it in the hade a Candle brennyng.
The lewcs before thei bo Christened (by the dcterminacion of the coimsaile holden at
As^ithcnc, are cntherhiscd, that is to saie, arc scholers at the cnslniction of onr beleue
niiif iiidnethcs. And are bond to fast fourtie daies: to disj)ossrsse them seines of all that
rner thei haiie, and to make free their bonde men. And looke whirhe of their children
thei haiie Circunicised, arordinc to .Moses lawc : hym are thei boniule to banishc their rom-
panie. No nicnieilc therefore if thei ion:e so vnwillingly to christedome.

Bishoppinji, whii he the I.atines ealle Confirmac ion, a confirniini;;, a ratifieng, cstabiish-
ynj:, auclithorisvn;;, or allowvnf; of tluit went before: is the serond S.iframentc. And is
jriiir of the Hishoppe onelv, before the Anitare in the C'hiirrhe, to snche as are of growe
vere--, nnd fastvP" (if it inaic be) aftre this maner. As many as shalbe Confirmed, come
all toijetlier with riierv one a godfather. And the Bishoppe aftre he hath saied one orasion
oner till" all, wetvng his thumbe in the holie oilc, maketh a erossc vpo eche of their fore-
heades : In the name of the father, sonne, and holie ghoslc. And giueth hym a blowe on
the lelte chiekc, for a rcmembraunce of the Sacrament, that he come not for it againe.
i'hc godfathers, to the ende the enoilyng should not droppe awaie, or by negligence bee
wiped awaie, clappe on a faire lilctte on the forehcule, whii he thei iudgc to be unlawfully
take awaie, before llic seuenth d.iie. The holie fathers cstemed this Sacrament so highly,
that if the name giuen to the childe at his Christcndome, siemcd not good: the Bisshoppe
at the giuyng hereof mighte chaimse if.

f he thirde S.ii ramente is holie Ordres, whirhe in the firstc Churrhe, was giuen likewise of
the Bishoppe, onelv in the moiirtlie of Dcrembre. But now at sixe seuerallc tymes of the
\ere : that is to saie, the fowrc .'Natiird.iirs in the embre wekes (whirhe ware purposely or-
ileiiu'd flu-refore) vpon the S.iturd.iie, whirhe the Churrhe meniie ralle Siiientes, because
the oflire of the Masse for that daie appoinrled, beginneth with that woorde, and vpon Easter
men. This Sacrament was giuen wnely to menne : and but to those neither, whose de-
meanour and life, dispositio of bodie, and qualitie tif minde, ware sulliriently tried and
knowe. Aftre the opinion of some, there were seuen ordres, or degrees, wherby the holy
lathers woidd vs to beleue that there ware seue special! influences, as it ware printed in the
soulo of the receiuer, wherby eche one for eche ordre, was to be compted an hallowed
nianne. Afire the mindes of other there ware nine. That is to saie, Miisicens (whiche
tiicludeth singing and plaieng) Doore kicpers, Rcders I^xorristes, Acholites, Subdcacon,
Deacon, Priestc and Bishop. And foi all this, it is coptcd but one Sacramente, by the
n ason that all these tende to one ende, that is to saie, to consecrate the Lordes bodie. To
euery one of these did the Counsailc of Toledo in Spaine, appoincte their sciicralle liueries,
and oflices in the Churche. The Dorekcpers had the oflice of our Common Scxteine,
to ope the churche dores, to take hede to the churche, and to shutte the dores. And
had therfore a keie giuen vnto theim, when thei ware admitted to this ordre. The
Header, in signe and token of libertic to rc.ide the Bible, and holie stories, had a greate
booke giuen him. The Exorcistes, serued to cominaundc eiiill spiritcs out of menne.
and in token thcrof, h.id a lesse booke giuen tliem. The A( holite, had the bearvng and
tiie ordcryng of the Tapers, Candelstickes, anil Cruettes at the Altare : and therfore had
.-i Caiidlesticke, a Taper, and two empiii Cruorettes dcliuen-d hvm. The Subileacon,
mighte take the offring, and handle the Chalice, and the I'atinc, carie theim to the Altare,

and

Asic.

\ S^

^isie.

h he seuen

Sccoiidcly,

^ f^

luwethrillc-i

'•.','

cd by : lie

Fourthly,

■■J

nf a crosse.

the wliichr

be in the

ly, he put-

,'\

brennyng.

holden at

our !)c!ciif

^\y'

of ail thai

Mr children

their roin-

nf.

, cstahlish-

c. And ix

• of irrowf'

lied, come

one orasion

their fore-

1 blowe on

it ap;aine.

igcnce bee

iinlnwriilly

so hiijhiy.

BisMho|>|)e

likewise of

' .si

mes of the

''4

rposcly or-

S because

pon Easter

whose de-

tried and

s'l

y the holy

ited in the

n hallowed

IS (whiche

iubdeacon.

e, by the

)odie. To

le liueries.

"o^

Sexteine,

^^^

res. And

' '^

Jre. The

id a preate

)f menne.

'arvng and

lerfore had

iubtleacon,

the Altarc,

and

^tsie. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIKS.

and fro the Altare, nnd giiic the Dc.icon Wine and water, out of the Criiettes. And iher-

fore the Hishoppe deliuerelh hyni an emptie Chalice with a Patinc, and the Archdeacon one

Cruet full of wine, and aimfhcr full of watre, and a Towellc. To the Deacons, is thtr

preachyng of Goddes Gospelle to the people committed, and to heipe the priest in al holy

miiiistracion. He hath the Gospelle bookc dcliiiered hym, and a towell hanged vjipon

his one shouUlrc, like a yoke. The Trieste hath power to consecrate the Lordcs bodii-, to

prai J for sinners, and to reconcile the againe to God by Penauce enioincd tiiem. He halii

del.iiered hym a Chalice with Wine, the Patine, with a singyng cake, a stole vpo bothe

shouldres, and a Chesible. What Ornamentes the Bisshoppe hath giiien viito hym, yc haue

heard afore. He male not be made Hisshoppe, but on the Sondaie about the iii. houre riflrc

Prime, betwene thoflice of the Masse and the (Jospelle: at the whiche t\me twot) Bi>shop-

pes, and a Nfetropolitane, laic their haiides vpon his heade and a bookc. I'he Bisshoppes in

the (irsie Chiirche, did litle or nothyng dilVic from other Priesfes, ;nul ware ruled by the rom-

mune Counsailes of the Churchc, before that dissecion and deuision eiitred cmong the people,

causing thcim in soniirie sortes, to cicauc vnto sondrie names, encry sortc as thci loifiined to

beconiicrted and Christened of a sondrie pcrsone. As whom Paiile Bnplised, thci would be

called Paulines. Whom Appollo, Appoiloniaiis. Whom Ceplias, Cepliite.s, and so of other. To

nuclide therefore lhe<e breaches ol coiicorde, and foran vniforiniiie, tlie holy fatliers ware driiien

to decree and siablish that asmany as sliould aflrcward be baptised, should be called ('hrist-

ianes of Christc. And thai nucr cuory Couiitie or Shiere, there should be setic one Prieste

or moe, acordvng to ihe greatnesse of the same, suche as ware best tried. Whiche should

haiie to name, Ouersears in luinlishe: in Greke, l"i)iscopi. Whom we cal Bishopes, by

chaungyng of P. into B. and leaning out the I-, for sliortnes, aconlyng to the nature of our

tongue. These niighte not then goucrne their CIcrgie, and other their Diocesans, at their

owne pleasure, as thei did before: but acording to the decrees of the Churchc of Home,

and the holie (^)U^saiiesof the fathers assembled. Then began thei firste (by the sufTraunce

and helpe of deuoiite princes) to deuide all Christendoine into Dioceses, and the Diocesse

into Coniiocacions or Chapfres, and tliose againe into Paroches, and to set that goodly ordre,

that yet continueth, asweil einong the cicrgie as the laietie. That the parishe should obeie

their lawfull Persone, the Persone the Dcane : llie Deane the Bishoppe : the Bishoppe, the

Archebishoppc. The Archbishoppe, the Primate or Patriarche: the Primate or Patriarche,

the Legale: the Legate, the Pope: the Pope the generalle Coimsaiie : the generallc ("oun-

.saile, God alone.

For the fourthe Sacrnmcnte it is holden, that euery prieste rightly priested, acordvng to
the keies of the Churche, hauing an entente to consecrate, and J'bscruvnge the founne of
ihewoordes: hathe power, of wheaten brcade to make the very bodie of Christe, and of
Wine to make his very blonde.

Christe our I/irde hym selfe, the daye before he sullVcd, keplr ic solemplv with his dis-
ciples, and consecrated, and ordeined it coniinually to be t clebraled, and eaten in the rc-
membraunceof him selfe. And about thismatiier a m.ui had nede of a great faythe. Firste
lo bclcue the breade to be thaungcd into the body, and the wine into the blonde of Chri- te.
Againe thoughe this be done euery dave that yet Christ for ail that should growc neuer a
uhilte till bigger for ^ ni;iking, nor the lesse for the eatinne. Tiiirdeiv that the Sacrament
I)iing tleuyded into man\ partes, Christ should yet remaine wiiole in eiierv cromme. Fourthly
ih:it thoughe the wicked cate it, yet should not it be defiled. Fiuethlv that it bringcth to
;is :;;any C'.iyll asreceiue it, death : and to the good cneri.isiing iile. Si.\thly that it tournetri
not into tlie nature of the eater to his nourisshementc as oil\cr meate dolhc : l)ut turneth
the eater contrariwise into the nature of it selfe. .■Vnd yet l)eing eaten, tli.it it is rajite into
tieaiien, vnhnrte or vntouciied. Seuentiiiy that in so smalle a '•\>e of breade and wine, the
infinite, and incomprehensible Christe, God and manne shoulde be cotnprehended. Then,
tiiat one, and tiic self same bodyc of Christe, at one verv instaunte, shoulde be in mam
])iaccs, and of ii;aiiy menne receiued at ones, and in sondrve parcelles. Ninethlv v thouiilie
the bread it selfe be channged into the very fles-shc of Chri.ste, and the wine into his blmide,

th;it

135

m •

1- , I

.P:

11 ^tjl . i'

:1.^ I

t'i.»

, »

.'h

. ' t

I a '.

136

V0YAGE5?, NAUIGATIONS,

■SIC

that yot to all the senre^ thci rcmaine hreadc ami wine, and neither flcsshc ne bloucl. Fiirtlur
that all these romoditics cOlcincd in these \eisc,s folowini? should happen vnto iho-c tli;it

worfhely rate it.

It |)iitteth in mynde and kindlelh, cncreaseth hope, and strengtheneth. Mainlcinetii,
rionseth, rcstorelh, c;iues life, and vnileth. Stablisshclh belicfe, abates the foodc oCsinnc,
and all vnclcnncs qiiencheth.

Filially, to l)c \rrv profitable for the saluacinaswell of those liuynji; asjjeade, for who it isspc-
ri:i!lv oflred bv thr jiriest in tlie Ma«ise. And tiicrcforc to haue to name Kucharistia romitiiinio.

In the boiiinnii"-; of the Clirisiianc faithe (.and vet ainongc cvrteine schisinatiipies as thtj
save) one wiioli- I'lfc vas consecrated, ot" siiche biajiuencsse, as whr the Priest had broken
it in a phitter into smalle jiicces, it mi)jhte sullise the whole multitude that ware at the masse
to pnriiiipate of. For in lime ])aste the C"hri»tianes came enery day to communicate bv a
spciiall rommaundemente, ;ind ordenaiince. Aftrewnrde but ones in a wieke and that on
the Sondav. Hut wlian it bej;an to be skant well kepte v|)pon the Sonday neither: then was
it coniniaunded that enery manne should receiue it thrise in the yere, or ones at the Itasfc,
at enery F.nster. And that ei.ory christian manne, when he stode in any daunjiier of death,
bevng whole of minde, should receiue it as a wailarinj; viande, to siaye him by the waye ;
with as jTood preparation of bodye and «()ule, as he possibly miahte.

Matrimonie ( whiche is the lawefulle coMi»lin^ of the inanno and the woman) broii'^lito
in bv the lawe of nature, the lawe of (ind, the lawe of all peoples, and the lawc eiiiile, is
the (iiuih Sacrament. '1 he holy fathers wouldc haue but one manage at ones, &: that nut
in sccivte but with ope solcmnitic eyther in J ehurche, or in the churchc porche, and so
that the priest be called to the matier. Who shold firste examine the man, and then llic
wiimanne, whether thei bothc consent to be maried together. Yf thei be agreed (whichc i'^
• hieielv in l!)is case recjnisite) he taking them bothe by the right handes : eouplcth them
together in the name of the holy and vnseperable trinitie, the father, the sonne, and ilic
holv ghoste. And commaundeth, and exhorteth them that thei alwaye rcmembring this their
coupling of their owne free wille iV ci-nsent : as longc as thei line, neuer forsake one another
liut lone iV honour one another, be (lebonaire and bnxome one to another, giuing them seliiri
to procreacion, and not to lecherous luste. And that thei honestly and diligently brinuc
\p. suche children as (Jod sendeth them of tlieyr binlies. Aftre that he afTiauneeth the both
witli one ringe. And sprinckling holv water vpon them, reacheth them a stole, and leadelli
them into the cliiirche, xsliere ( yf tlici ware not blessed afore) he blesseth them knieliii;,'
before the altare. The woman hath on a redde fillet or frontelette, and ouer that a while
\eile, withoute the whiche it is not lawfulle for her fro that «laye forcwarde, to go oute ol
doores abrode, or to sitfe by any manne. Twelue thinges ther be, whiche the holy father-
wonlde haue to barre persons from contracting of matrimonie, and to disscuer them againc,
yfthii be ((intracted. Frrour of person, that is to saye, mistaking one for another. .\
betrowthiiig \pon a condicion, Cosanguinitie or kindred, Anope crime Diuersitic of secic,
Force, or cusiraintc. Holy ordres, a lirxlc or former coiitraclc. Commune or open honcstii',
Aflinitic, and Dis-habilitie of engedrure.

The sixteth Sacramente is penaunce or rc|)entaunce, giuen of Christc as it ware for .i
wrai ke bodnle, wherby men are preserucd fro drowninge. Eche Christian oughte vndouhi.
ediy to beleiie that this consisfeth in foure poinctes. To saie, in Kepetaiicc of our sinni'\
Canonical le cofession, Absohicion, and Satisfaction, or amendes. Firste let him somwc,
not with a lighte forthinckinge, but with a moste earneste and biitre repcntaunce in the In
tome of his ( onscience : for the puritie and innocencic that he had gotten eyther bv bap-
fisine or y benelite of former repentauiue, and nowe hathc eftsones lostc, and forgdiic
throiighe sinne. And let him hope with this repentaunce, to be reconciled to the fauonr if
(iod againe. And let him luimblv, and triih with his owne moiithe, confesse to a uiv
prieste, in the steade of God : all those offences wherwilli he knoweth him selfe to liaui'
ioste his innoccncie and clennesse, and to haue prouoked the wrathe of GOD againsfe liim
•;elfe. And let him as.suredly 'icleue that the same prieste, hath power giuen him of Chri-if

nil

ifcl*-'

^,,4.. TRAFFKiUES, AND DISCOUERIRS.

(asbcin<'e liiH vicare, or dcpulic on cartlic) to absolue him of all liis sinncs. Finally for
satisfaction or amcnilcs making for tlip faiilte : Ictte him not with KnulRingc, hut chicrfully,
and gladly dot-, what so oucr he shallic roniaudcd. Bclculs with vndoiibtcd faith, that he
is absoliicd, and quytc of all, assone as the priest in dewc forme of wordcs, hath pronounced
the absolucion. .

The scucnth, and the laste Sacramr-t is the laste cnoynting. by an oyle that is made to
this \^c, by thebishopc in cucry diocesse, by an ycreiy customc vpd Maudy Thursdaie, like
as the chri-ni.ifory oyle is. And this by the prcrepte of saintc lames the Apostle, and by
the ordin;iunce of Felix the foiirthe Pope after Sainte Peter: was giucn only to them thai
hue in dvcii's being of full age, rind requyring it. Thei vse to enoynte with a prescripte
ftiunne of wordes, and with often inuocacion of sainctes : those partes of the bodic, whcr
our fine wiites or senses : the hearing, seyng, .smelling, tasting and touching, beare mostc
sfn ke, & with whiche man is iudged chielely to sinne. That is, the cares, tiic eyes, the
nnsethrilies, (he niouthe, the handes, and the fete. Wherby the holy fathers would vs to
beicue, that there was not oneiy purchased cleane forgiuenesse of all smaller offences, or
veni.ille sinnes: hut al<o either jirescute recouerie, or a riper and gentler deathe. All the
fcistes and holydaics, throughout the yere, whiche the chiirchc hath commaunded to be ob-
senied & kept ; beginnc at the Adiiciite, or approrhe of Christc our Lordc. Whiciic Peter
the Apostle instilntcd to be obserued in Decembre, with fasting and praicr, thre wiekes
and a haulfc before Christemas, whe wc close vp the last. viii. dales of that moncth, with
great iosc and fca^te. Thei dcnided the yerc into two & fiuctic wckes, and. xii. seneral
nionthcs. The monethes comonly into. x\x. daies. The lirste daye of lanuary the cluirche
recordcih howe Christc was c ircuinrised acordinge to Moyses lawe. The. iii. daye aftrc,
hiiuc he NvaJ w( rshipj)e(l of the ihrc .Sages, with thre sondry presentes: and howe !)eingc
b.ipiissed of I;>hn in lonlninc the (loude, he laide the foundacion of the iiewe Lawe. The
siconile of Fe!)ruarie, how his mother \ n>i])o((ed, obeyeng the maner of her cQtry : brought
hyiii iiito tl. :• temple, and sullied her self to be purified or clcnsed, whiche we calle church-
in.; of cliildc. In mcmoric whcrof the churchr v»eth tliat daye, solempnc procession, and
halowing of candies. Tlie fine and twcntietii of Marche, howe y aiingel brought woorde to
the \irgin .Marie, that (Jhrist shoiilde be borne of her, being concevtied in her wombc, bv
the ouershadiiwing of the lioly ghiste. At the whiclie time they willed vs to faste the four-
lie liaies th.it he fasied him sclfe, being with vs vppon earth, and to renewe the reinem-
brauMce "f his passion, and deatiie, whiche he willingly susteined to deliuer vs fro y yoke
and liDiulagc of the dciicll. Tiie laxte day of that faste, w!)ich ofteniimes falietii in Aprille,
to (•( lehr.ite i!u" highest fcasfe in al the yere: in rememliraunce howe he ouercame deathe,
descended into iieilc, v.Miqiiisslicd the dcuoil, and rctoiirned againe on line, and ap]>eared in
glorious wvse \iito his scholers, or disciple-:. In Mave, iiowe all those his scholers loking
vpi) him, he by his owne vertue and niighte, siicd \p into the heaucns. At the whiche
time, bv ihiir.lcnaunce of saincle M.unerte, bishoppe of Vienne : there be made ganginges
with the Icsse I.ct.inies fnnn one (■"hiirchc to annther, all rhrislendume oucr. Tn Inne, and
s. in lime in M;iie, how the Inly g'lisic, promised to the disciples, giucn frotn aboiie, ap-
piTCil to them like glowing toi'gues : ;i:id gaue them to \ rulrestande, tV to sj)eake the tonges
of al nacio"-. Tiuight daie folowiiig, Triniiic .Sondaie. The (iucth daie affrr that, how
(."hri<ie in his laste -i^pper, for a continnalle remctnbraunce of himself, instituted the moste
liolsomo Sacrami'te of his b .die an I bloiul, vmlre the h urnie of breade and wine, leauyng
it to be sene and eaten of his. The linetenth oi' Inly, how the blessed .Aiiostles, aconl-
\ng as thei ware cdniannded, the twelueth vere ;ifire the .Vscoucion of their Master into
heauen : weiite their waits into the vniuersalle worlde, to Preache vnto all peo[)lc. The de-
paiivng of Christcs inrther out of tliis life, tl'e (iuctenth daie ol .Auguste. And her Nati-
uitic, theight of .Sepieinbre. .\nd thone and fwentie of Nonetnbrc, how she from thre
\ercsof age (at «he whiche tvine she was presented to the temple) vntill she was mariao-e
al/le, remained there scruing Cod stil a peace. And theight of Decembre, how she was of

VOL. V. T her

13T

:. I

:l|=

. i\'

« -h,-!

. M"

.•»8

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

isie.

Iii'i- |>aiTiit(N l)i';;(p|itii, lliit lonj;i- .'iTorc liail hrne barrciiu-. The secoiul daii- of lulic, how
l.li-aliclhc ini-isyii^ ilir MDiinlciiK'", visitt'il lt<T kiiuloHWoman.

ThciT ware i\\>n c ciiciiu' holio daiex n|)i)oiii(tcd lo the. \ii. ApontliN. To rertcinc Mar-
t\res, C'onrexsoiir', ;iiul \ irjjiiics. Am the lowrc and twentieth of Febniarie to sainctc Mat-
ihie. To MiiiKte M.iike the IviiaiiReli^ie, the. wv, of Aprille. Vpnn the whiehc daic, Grc
Uorie (irdeined the ;;ri'ale Lel.miis to he >oni'e. The (irste ol" Male in halh)wcd lor I'hilippc
and hnnci ilie nmre. I'he. wix. of lune, tor I'etre and Piide : tV: the. xxiiii. of thcsaine,
for tlie Niilinilie <>l. S. Ihon li.iplisle. The. \\\. ol Inly, lor lames the lesse. For Uartho-
ionuMve ilic fovMe i\: twcntic of .\iii;nst. I'or Mathewe, the one and twentie of Septembre.
And the ei^ht and Hveniie of Octohic, f.n Siino and Iiide. The !a-*t of Noncmbre, for. S.
Andrewe. The one and twentie of l)e • , for saincte fhonuw. And the. vii. and Iwentii'

of thc-:iine niontth for liio the Knav iisie. file daie before, for Stephin the first Martire.
And liie daie aftre fnr the Innocenie-.. Tlie tentii id' Aiii;u'<t for sainet I.anrence. And the
tine iV: Iweiilie of .\prille, h'r sain( le (ieorue. Of all tlie ("onfcssonrs, tliere are no inoe
that h.iiie holidaies appnimled, l)ul S. M.irlino and sain<le Nicholas, The lirstc, on the eic-
uenth ol Nouenihre; and the other llie siMetit of Decenibre. Katherine the virj^ine, the
Hue and twentie of Nouenihre, and Marie Maiidalenc the twentie and two of Inly. There
is ;ds(i \ndre tile name of -^aiiute MiiIkuI alone, tlie. wiv. of .Septembre : a holy <laie for
.ill l)le.i>ed .\n;;elles. .\nd one other in eomniinie for all the .saincle.-, anil cho.>ien of (iOI),
file lir>le ol N'oiiendtre.

Tlui would also that eiiery smienthe daie, shonKI be hallowed of the ("hristianes, by the
n.imc of .Sondaie, as the lewes doe their Sahboih : reslynj; from all worldly woorke, and
biyn;; onelv occupied with praisinj; (d' (iOl), and the deuine .Seruiee in the ("hiirche. To
learne bv the I'riestes preachynji, tiie (Josjji'lif and the conimnundemcntes of our faiiii.
And i)y wiiat nicane> so ener we thinke in our eonscienie we haue prouoked the wrathe of
God a};ain«t vs all the \vieke afore : that, this d.iio lo amende, to selte eliere, ami aske par-
ilone for. In time past euerv Thurs»laie dso \sas kepte as the .Sond.iie. Hut because we
mishlc sicme therein, somewhat to gralelie the Heathen (whiihe that daie kepte soleinpne
holiedaie, to lupiter their Idolle) it was laied doune a^aine. .More ouer the elerkes and the
people, \sed bothc Thursdaie and Sondaie bcfon- .Masse, to ^o round aboiiie the Churihe a
Proiessioii, and the I'rieste, to s|irinrkl(' the people with hoK w.itri'. .\;;apilus instituted
the one, jud the oiIut. fhe Thiirsdaie, in rememl)raunie ol' ("hristts .\sren<-ion, and the
Sondaie, of his glorious Kesurreetion : whiche we celebrate fro Sondaie to Soilaie continu-
ally, ones euery eiyhf dales. The nii-ht afore euerv ordenarv holidaie or leaslelull daie :
the whole clergie, and ihe people, ware bounde to kiepe Vigile in euerv churche. That is
to sale, to wake all ni<:hie, in ileuine «iTuice and pr.iiiT, Hut vpon consiiler.uion of manv
slaunderous (rimes and olfences, ih.ii w.ire bv diners n:iu'j,hlie and malicious pcrsones com-
mitted, by the oportunilie of llie darke : this maner was taken avvaie, and ordeined ih.it the
daie bL-fon' the Icaste, should be lasicd, whiche vet kii peth slillc the name of X'igile. The
fathers dei reed that the duirche in the whole yere should rcnue the memorie of hue thynges.
Fro the Soiulaie i ailed Septuai;esima i, because there are seuentie d.iies, lutwiene that and
fhe octauai's ol" IC.isier') ilui would \'lii '-eiuie the memorie (d' {'luistes Fa^iini:, Passion,
Death (.V: IJewri.dle. Tlie mi-erahle I. die al>o of our lirst parentes, and liiose eMreme er-
rotirs ( )' mankinde, 1)\ lIle^sili(he ihei ware leilde awaie IVo the krowled;;e and worshippe
ol oneverleGOJ): to the wicked supersticion and honour of Idolles and deuelks. And
furllicr, ihc t;reu(uis and intollerable bf)ndage that the peojile of Israeli suH'red v'ube the
Pliar.ui ol l-^i;ipre. X'pon ^v;uche < (insider.uion, tiu- bookis of (ienesis .mil I'Aodns be redde
in the sciuitf (d l!-.e ihurdie. Whiche sheweth then in all lur deineaiiour. and appareilvn^',
heauiue-se and s( rowe.

From the oclnuac> of liastcr, to the oi tauaes of Whitsonlide, Christes Hesurreclion, and
.■\sccncion, with i!ie ( omnr. ng of tin- h(dv (ihoste. .And to;;etlier with that, the redemp-
cion, recoiuiliatiu, and ad nement of mankinde v\iih (iod the father, throughc k'sus Christe:

and

cine Mar-
n»lc Mat-
laic, (irc-
r Philippe
\ thcsamc,
or Hartiui-
I'ptombrc.
)Tc, for. S.

Ul tWCDtil'

t MarliiT.
And ihi'
irc no moc
Dn ti>o t'li-
irj;inc, tlu-
ly. There
Iv (laic lor
11 of COD,

cs, by the

oorke, and
urchc. Til
■ our liiitl).
c wratlic ol
il aske |)ar-
bccaiisc wo
• solcinpne
kcH and the
r Churchc a
<) institnlcd
in, and the
ic contiini-
lull daie :
That is
n i>r njany
idiics coin-
ed ihat the
ile. The
ue ihyn^c-.
ne tiiat and
i;, PassiiiM,
\treme er-
\\or>ihippe
leilts. And
1 v'ulrc llu'
us be rcddc
ppareilynu,

editiii, ami

ic redcnip-

qis C'hriste:

and

Ash'.

TRAFFIQUrS, AND DISCOUERIES.

and the restoryng a^aine of the rhildren of Israeli, to the lande of behestc. Wherein was
prclicnrcd onr reconciliacion and redcmpcion aCorrsaid. For that cause is all the ttrruiee
out of the newc Testamet, and al ihin^ses done with ioie & gladnes.

From the octanes of Whifsoiitide, till Aduenle, xx. wiekes space, and more, thei wonld
banc to bee celebrated the cGnersation of Chrint here in the worlde, with his miracles and
woorkes of wondre. And oner and beside that, the lonRC pilj;riniaj,'e, that mankinde. by
longe rcuolncion makclh, from one ;;;encracion to another, from the tynieof onr rcdempcion,
saliiacion and saninj^, vntill the lastc daie of time. Wherefore dnrynu; this while, \ pon con-
sideracion of the dinerse happe and hasarde, wherwith the Chnrche is tos«ed, like a Shippc
in the troubled Seas, she neither <rreally rcioiceth, ne sorowefli, but rcdeth greafe ehain),i!,c
of bookes, oufc of the olde and newe IVstanienfe : to the ende she male waike the warelicr,
and the belire wijnde her self out of the stormcs, that are ready to assaile her.

From Aduente to C'hristemas, to remembrc the tyme from Moses, to the commyn.s; of
Me.ssias. In the whiche mankinde certcfied of saliiacion, bothe by the lawe and the Pro-
phetes, awaited with niostc earneste desires for his comminy:, and the kingdoe that he shold
hane. Wherefore thei ordeincd that the Prophecies should be redde, and fasting exercised.
That the chnrche the bettre enstructed, and ablcd by these, niighte the worthelier recciue ih<;
Birthe daie of Christ her Lordc (whiche cuer falleth the fowerth wickc aftie) and from
thcnsholde on with feaste, and continnall gladncsse, \nlill Seplnagcsima. Reioisyng that he
was now come: whiche should l)ee the sauluiour of the worlde. Their oratories 'l'eni|)Ies,
or places of praicr (whiche we calle Churches) might not be built without the good will of
the Hisshopjje of the Diocese. And wiicn the Timbre was rcdy to be framed, and the
foundacion digged: it behoued them to sende for the liishoppe, to hallowe the firste corner
.stone of the fdundacio, and to make the si<rnc of the cro^sc thervpoii, and to laie it, and
direite it iusle Kastc and Weste. And then might the Masons sette vpon the teste, but not
afore. This Chnrche did thei vse to l)uilde, aftre the facion of a ( rossc, and not vnlike the
sha|)e of a niannc. 'I'he Chaimcelle (in the whiche is conteiued the highe Altare and the
Qniere) dire* fe full into the Fast, re|)resentcth the heade. And therefore ought to be made
somwh:it rounde, and inuche shorter then the boily of the chnrche. And vet \pon respecte
that the heiul is the place for the eves, it ought to be of more lighte, and to bee separate
with a particion, in the stea<le of a ir eke, iVoni the body of the Chnrche. This particion the
l.atine calleth ('ancelli : and out of that Kuneth our tern\e, Chauiuelle. On eche side of
this chauncelle j)craduetnre ( for so litteth it beste) should stand a Turret, as it ware for two
cares. .And in these the l?elles to be hanged, to ealle the people to Seruiee, bv daie and
b\ night. \'i)dre one of these Turretcs, is there commonly a \oulte, whose doore opcncth
into the <piicre. And in this are laid vp, the hallowed \esselles and ornamentes, anci other
\tensiles of the cluinh. We calle it a vestric. The other jrirle oughle so to be (itted,
that hauing as it ware on eche side an arme, the reste m;iye rc«cml)le the bodve with the
fete stretched in breadthe, and in lengthe. On eche side of the bodve the pillers to stonde.
\pon whose ((Tonettes or heades the \aulle or rophe oi the chnrche maye reste. And to
tile foote beneth, aulters to be ioyni'd.

Those aulters to be orJrely alway couered with two aulter clothes, and garnisslied with
the crosse of Christc, or some litle cofre of reliqucs. At eche ende a candelsticke : and a
biioke towarde the myddes. The walles to be parieted without, and within, and dinersly
painctcd. That thei also should hane in enerv parisshe a I'aire sonnde stone, made holowe
:uid (itte to holde water : in the whiche the w;iter consecrate for bajilisme, m:iy be kept
for the christening of children. Vpoii the liglit hande of the highe aulter, that tiier should
l)e .".n almorie, cither cutte into the walle, or framed \ pcm it : in the whiche thei wouldc
hane the Sacrament of the I.ordcs bodye, the hoK ovie for the sicke, and the Chrisinatorie,
alwaie to be locked. Furthern.ore thei wouldc that titer should be a pulpite in the middes
of the c hurche, wherein the prieste maye stonde \ pon Sondaies and holidaycs, to teache the
peo|)le those thinges that it behoucth them to knowe. The Chauncelle to senie onely for
the pricstcs, and clerkes. The rest of the t«"poralle multitude to be in the bodv of the

T 2 church.

I.W

]

I •

»-!,

-\{

i' .!

■ ^ '

ilr.

140

, I

J •

}

y i

I! >

VOYAGES. NAUIOAirOKS, &c.

Mile.

church. ScperaJc notwithittondinf;, ihp men on the ryghtc Hide, and the women, on tlic
lefie. And cchc of ihcm to be Mobre and honest in npp;ircllr and behauour. Whatiorucr i»
cdlrary to good facion or Chriiidane religion, with grcate diligence to ithonne it. It waM the
mancr in the finit churche, both amonuc men and women to tcttc their hcarc growe. to
Hhewc out their naked skinnr, and very litlc or nothing to ditlre in apparelle. Sainct IVlcr
put fimt ordre, that women should couer their headen, and menne rounde their hearr, and
cither of them to go in Heueralle and Nundrye appan-ile Moreouer that to euery churclic,
tihold be laid out a churchyarde, of the grounde adioyning, in the whiche all Christlen mennes
bodieH mighte indinbrently be bewried. The name to be conHccrate, i r halowcd by Iho
biiwhoppe, and to cnioye all the prinilegies that the cliurc he may enioye.

The funeralle fur the deade, ihei kcpc not in euery place ylike. Some mournc and kicpc
dirigc and Mas^e scuen daie«t continuallc together, Hdinc ix. some xxx. or lourtye snmv,
(iuetie, and a hundred, and other a whole yi-re, wrapped vp in blacke. The couNcilc ui
Toledo ordcined that the corps beingc lirMte waswhed, and then wrapped vp in a NJiieto,
shnuldc be tnried (brthe with singing by menne of his owne condicion cr sorle, elerke<i by
clerkes, and l.iye menne of laye menne. And aftrc what time the prie-t hath sensed the
corps, throwen holy water vppon it, & said certeine prayers, to laye it into the graue with
the face \pwarde, and the heade into the Weaste Then to throwe in the earth again, and
in token that ihrr is a Chrisfifi ther bewried, to setic vp a crosse of wodde, g-irnisshcd
with yvie, cipres, or laurelle. These be the onlres and facions of the Christianc religion.

FINIS.

! (

<i I

111'

1 1-

'i'^ I

Imprinted at Ix)ndon by lohn Kyngston and ilenrie Sutton.
The xxii davcof December. Anno Domini MDLV

I'HI.NTED

..•■I

.1 ,

f, t r "

THE CONQUEST

or Till

GRAND CANARIES,

riliS LAST SI MMER UV TIIHEKSCORi: AND THIRTEENF. SAILE OF SIIIPPES,

•■MT FORTH AT TUB

COMMAND ASD DIRECTIOS OF WE ST.iTFJ ilF.XlRALl OF THF VNITED PROVIKCU.

,.' I

m i' ^

'!'•'

ijj.; '

■

COAST OF SPAINE

CANARIE- ISLES:

I' '.1

TAKINfi 01' A TOWNE IN THE ILE OF OOMEUA,

*Ntl TUP.

f SITCESSF. OF PART OF THE SAIDE FLFF.TE IN THEIR RF.TrUNE HOMEWARD.

WHICH

SET SAILE FOR SPAINE TlHi ii OF .MAIE, AND KETLRNW) HOiME
THE 10 OF SEKILMU. 1599.

9t HonDon:

I'Kl.NTED BY P. », FOR y/. ASPLEY, DWELl.lNr. 1 .S I'M Ll;s CHlRCll-Y ARP AT THE 810NE 0»

IHK TYliEHS HEAD.

1599.

:;i

lit'

'>*

— "■%

TRUE REPORT

A VOYAGL MADli THIS LAST SUMMEH, BV A FLEETE OF 73. SlIIPPES,

SENT FORTH AT THE
( OMMANDl. AND DIKECTION OF THE STATES GENEKALL OF THE VNITED PROVINCES,

COAST OF SPAINE AND THE CANARIE-ISLES.

' m ,1

TVesdav the 25. daii- iT Nfaic the wind bcin"; Northc and Northe-east, we in the fleete
r U(it(>rtlani, beiiitr 20 -ailo ol^liips, the sunne becing Soiithe-wcst and by West, came
l)efore Fhishin};;, and ankcird necrc vnfo Clciburch ; our gcnerall at his comming found the
fleetes i f Norlh-nolhuul, and Zealand ready.

Wdbiesilav, the 'ifi. dale wee remained there at anchor.

TluirMlav ihe '27. da\ of M:.ie. we tooke into our ships (by the Generals commandement)
two };eiit!einen and fnure souldioiirs.

Friday the '^S. of May, I.")')!), the wind being northerly, we waied our anchors, and
sailed from t!ie Weelings with 7;<. ships, hauing fairc weather, setting our course West,
Siiiitlnvest. Wee had .'{. Admirals in thi- licete, whereof the chicle Admirall was the ship of
William Derickson Cloper, wherein was embarked the honourable gentleman Peter Van
j>rest being gcnerall of the fleete. This ship was called the Orange, carying in her top a
tlag of Orange colour, \ nder whose squadron were certaine Zelandcrs, with some South and
Ntrtli Hollanders; Ian Geerbrantson caricd the white flag, vndcr whom the Zelandcrs and
ships of the Ma/e were appointed. And t'ornelius Ghcleinso of Vlyshing wore in his maiiie
top the blew fl.ig, %ndcr whom were appointed certaine ships of the Maze with some North
Hollanders. Thus were wee diiiided into sundry squadrons, but to what cndc it was so done,
M i> to me. and many others \nknowne.

Satnn'av the '2'.'. of Male, hauing sight of Callis, ^ ships lay to the lee ward, and staled
for the rereward. The Lord gcnerall shot oil' a pecee, and afterward hung out the princes
flag, in simile that the captains shold come aboord him, presently al the captains entred into
their boaies, iS: rowed aboord the (Jcneral, at which tune were two pinnaces sent out of the
fleet, whereof one \Nas the Generals Pinnace, but vnto what place they sailed, wee were
allogetlicr ignorant. And when the boates rowed from the (ienerall, som*- of tiieni went
aboord the victualcrs, and tooke out of them certaine firc-workes. The sunne Southwest, the

Cienerall

::i'

i » »■

t J.

.\M

•' .*

ii <

v;ii I f

^^:f:.^ ^<

144

Ortfgall.

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

A voyage to Spaine

...uimnh 1 cl.
the Giuiuc.

Generall discharged an other pccce of ordinance, and put out the Princes flag, wherevpon
presently the captaines went aboord him, and when our captainc returned, he had in hU
hande a letter closed vp, which hce brought from the Generall, and wee imagined that euery
captaine had receiued the like, and then wee sailed altogether toward the higth of Black-
nesse, where wee anchored, (which caused vs greatly to wonder, seeing we had so I'airea
wind,) but we perceiucd aftcrward.-i, that this was done, to the cnde we should there abide ihc
conimin<T of the great new ship of Amsterdam ; f(>r the soldiours which were appointed for
her, were all with vs in a ship of our coni])any.

Sunday, the .'iO. of Maie, where lying at anchor al that night, the next morning we sci
saile altoo-elhcr hauiiig the windc at Norlii Kast, woe s( t our < oiir-ic West Nortliwcst, tb»
weather i)eing fairc. The same miming > ur c;ipfain road vnto vs i!»o>c very articles which
before had bin read vnto vs in llie prim e Mauritz his Court, and afterwardv we altogether,
and with one accord were sw-m-iic to tiio keeping of them : At noone wee were neere vniu
Bcilcrsicr hauini; a (inc gilc (Uil of the East Northeast, the eueriiig was culnie, the formost
siiii)i)cs slacked tlieir saiK's, allciuling theconiming in of the liiulcrn'.ost.

Wednesday tlie ninth of Iiine by the brcake of dale we were hard vnder the coast rf
Spaine neere te) Viuero,, the winde being westerly, we sailed North West and l)v North, and
North Norlliwc.-t, ihc •-unnc Southwest and by West, we wire oner a^ainst the cape
Ortcgiel, we sailed NorU) Wi'st and by North, to fet( h the wind : we were in 41. tlegrec-
yO. miniits, at U\ili.;lit, we had l!ie fore-aid Cape of vs about 5. miles South West aiu!
by West.

fhuisdav tlic 10. of Inne, the winde being at East South East, wee directed our cour-o
towarcles tlie shore, and might certiinly disceroe that it was the cca-it of Ortegall, we bor,'
in West S^nitlnvest directlv with the land, and ordered all tliingcs as if we presently shonlii
hane had b.iticll, and about noone wee had sight of the CiroMic, namely the tower wliici'
st.indeth neere the Croine.

Fridav, the II. of lune, at the brcake. f day the winde being at Nurth East and bv E:i>'
-i\e ol'our ships >iilrd forwarde South Southwest, mcining to enter the (Jroine, and then
to leariie how al tilings stood. The suiiih- Ix'ing Southeast, C.ipe Trior was East from vs, wd'
bare S luth, jjresentlv after w? spied two boaies romtning out of W-roll to learn what -h\\)^
we were, tlie r.ither because that ilie d.iv before t'lcv ha I scene our (ieete at sea: we >.aili>,!
I)v llie wind, and lay in the wind to st iv fir t'leir co'nming. The one doubting vs Wdulilr
not come neere vs, the other boat also durst not appn eh tieere vs : wee called to one of ilu
Sjianiardcs, saying wee lanie IVotn llamlxircli laden with cordage i^ oilier gooijs, desiriii,
ar.il |Ma\ing him to let vs liaue a I'il it to bring v-. into the (Jroine, wherewith the boate cativ
aboord v^, >o that by our great haste, and policie we ',;ot one Spaniard, the other which n-
inaiiu'd in the boate would not cou'e into our ship, bi;l jiresentlv tlirust off their boate, nKikinj
all pii->-il)le sprede to get (rom \ s. ILmitig uowe jjoiteii thii Spaniarde, hce was pre-enil,
delincred into the haiules of the (uMierall, who confe-sed that there wereabiut -MKK) souldioiir-
coinc into the towne, witli ccrtaiiie horsemen, '.Hi. waggons with mone\, and IHK). pipes ii
wine, to furnish the Spanish Heel, that he lay t!ie niijlit past in thcGroi-ie, and was the Kinc.
•1 seriiiiii. llie sun South South-We-t, we i-nme with our whole (Ieete before the Griii;.
" wliere wee fennel the i',rcat n.ewe ship of .\nister(la:n vnder the 'fowiie.

At hi. !.{. and |i'. la iome we (ast cast an Iior, so t'lat wee niii;ht b-lioM nvieh iieip;,
l)(tn on liie she Te and vpon tlie \v;ils of the town : fro'n the castle Sc town bnili, the\ s ;

nil

ilelv -.villi :li(ir gi<'at ordinance into our fleet, so i!i:it there were

a!)oue

•i<M).

caiuii

shot lii-i h .r;.<e(l, wherewith so'iieof our sliipswcre liit, but not one man f -t, and little !.!,:■
done (itlicrwi-c. 'i'here lay an other castle East ward Iroin the towne, wiiieli shot also in •;
tenililv, 1) It aitogeti.ir vnccrlainlv, for we know not that they toutln'd .inv one ship ni.-
llieii \i'..\ I.iinbert, wliicli wa • greallv to bee WMidiTed at, seciivj; oiir ffele l.iy .so iliiiki'
toni'llu r, .rid so neere vnder the castle. There hue hard viulcr the castle I'i. gr<'at (lallin;^
With s'lne I'Vench sliips, which also nowe atid then shot among our fleele, but lliev l;iy .
neere the wallos ih it wee ci>u! I do them no harnie at all. The I/ird (ienerall worthy of i,

prai>.',

.*f

tage to Spaine

g, wbcrevpnn
ic had in his
led that euery
igth of Black-
had so fairc a
here abide the
appointed for

orning wc set
Vortliwfst, tho
articles which
pve altogether,
ere neere viiin
e, the fonnosi

r the coast rf
l)v North, and
iiist the cape
it) 4t. (legrec-
iiith West ami

ted our cour-i'
[•gall, wc bdi,'
esently slioiilii
e tiiwer wliitii

i and the Canarie-isks. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

praise, wisely be thinking himselfe, caused all his captaines and counsell to come aboorde
him, that they might together conferre vpon this busines, and what meanes might best bee
found, to inuade the towne and the enemy, but they concluded not to meddle with the land
there : seeing the enemy was there, strong vpon his guard, and that 5. weekes past both
from Amsterdam, & by a French man, they had knowledge of our coming ; by reason of
the calme, wee were constrained to towe out our ships with the boates in dispite of al their
shot, thus we parted from the Groyne without profit, or effecting of any thing, leauing the
Papists of Groyne as wee founde them, from thence (the winde being at South Southwest)
wee bent our course towarde Cape Saint Vincent, meaning to goe to Saint Lucars, hoping
to fal vpon them at vnawares, and ere they looked for vs.

Saturday the 13. of June, hauing got a fine gale we ran along the coast of Galicia, at
noone wee were before the Hand of Cesarian, and set our course towards Cape Finister.

Sunday the 13. of lune, the lorde Generall gaue sharpe commandement by his letters, for-
bidding al men aboorde the ships to vse any play, with tables, cards, or dice, either for
money, or for pastime, or vpon credit.

Munday the 14. of lime, the wind blew so harde out of the North, that wee could not
beare our topsailes with our forecourse which sailed South, the sunne was southward we had
Port a Porte of vs, being in 41. degrees and 20 minuts.

Tuesday the 15. of lune, as soone as day appeared, we had sight of Cape Roxent, and then
we sailed making small way, staying for the comming together of the fleete : the wind as
before we sailed South Southwest, and were in 36 degrees.

Wednesday the 16. of June, towardes the euening we had sight of two strange ships east-
ward of our fleete, certain of our ships made towards them and tooke them, the one was an
English man of war; the other was a Spanish barke with three missens: at his comming
before the Generall, he said, he had already sent 2. prices into '^nglande, and woulde now
with this prise returne home : for his victuals were almost spent.
Thursday the 17. of lunc, it was very still and calme weather.

Friday the 18. of lunc, the wind being at North Northeast, we sailed South Southwest. The
? iTd Generall caused all the Captaines with the Pilots to come aboord him : demanding of
t. "^1 "vhich of them was best acquainted in the Isles of Canaria: and further, by what
1 they might conquer and force the said Hands, and land their people. And about
> • ihe captaines were chosen and appointed which shoulde commande on laiide. The
uenerall gaue out newc ensignes, to the number of 9. or 10. according to the number of the
ships. The lord Generall appointed to each new captaine, an Ancient bearer, a Lieutenant^
and other officers, with 130. souldiours and mariners, and instructions how euery one of them
should goucrne himself on the land.

SatuHay the 19. oflune, the Generall commanded that the captaines should deliuer out
victuals but twice a day, to wit, 6. and 6. to a messe : for 6. men, 5. cans of beere of Rotcr-
dams measure euery day, 5. pounde of breade and no more, a cheese of 6. 1, euery weekc,
one pound of butter weekely, likewise pease, bcanes, or Ofemeale twise a day, according
to the order. Captaine Harman, and captaine Pije, had each of them commission to coin-
mande on the land as captaines ouer two companies of saylers, each company containing
130. men. llarman Thunes^^on was appointed Ancient to captaine Henricke Pije, and de
Blomme Ancient to captaine Ilendricke Hertrnfi. The ancients were deliuercd the same day.
The 20. 21. 22. daies, wee sailed South Southwest, the wind being northerly.
Wednesday the 2.'i. of lune, the wind was North Northeast. The Generall comraaunded
all the captaines both lor the sea and land to come aboord him, where it was ordained and
determined how the battell should be ordered, after they were landed. According to the
altitude, we found our selues to be 36. miles from great Canaria.

Thursday the 24. of lune, we ranne our foresaid course. The sun being West Northwest,
we sawe the land East and by South off vs : wee sailed East and by South, and with great la-
bour and diligence bore all that might with the land.

Friday the 25. of lune, we continued our course to the land for our assured ktiowledge
VOL. V. U thereof,

145

m-\

•

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1 •. Hi

f'^

146

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

A voyage to Spaint

The whole N«-
ihctlmdiih fleet
commeth before
ihc lilindic
town of Onnd
Cinaria,

Twrniy fuure
companifs
itroiig of the
Ntthciladtis.

Tilt first castl.
lakcu,

thereof, and pcrceiued it to be Lancerot; we saw also a small land (which lay between both)
called Allegrania, and also f Hand Forteuetiira, which is 24. miles great, afterward we sailed
Southwest along the coast of Forteuentura, which is a landc that hath very high hils. The sun
Southwest, we were past the Hand Forteuetura, and were sailed out of sight thereof, running
as yet Southwest : about ii. a clocke in the afternoone wee had sight of the Hand of great
Canaria, for a while wee kept our way ; but when the Generall was assured that it was the
grand Canaria, wee all tooke in our ssiles, and lay to the lee ward, and so remained vntill it
was past midnight, then wee set saile againe and made to the lande, our course westwardc.
Saturday the 36. of lune, in the morning the whole fleet sailed West directly to the land
the winde North and by East, and made all thinges ready to land ; being now neere the shore,
the whole fleete let fall their anchors harde by the great castle, which lieth North Northwest
from the town, from whence they began to shoot mightily against the ships. The lord Ge-
nerall and the vize Admirall with the other ships that had the greatest ordenance, anchored
close vnder the castle, & for a certain time they plied each other with their great shot ;
^ Generals main mast, and his missen mast were shot thorow, and his vize Admirall, namely
the great new ship of Amsterdam was shot thorow 6. or 7. times; so that some of the soui-
diours and maryners also were slaine before they entered their long boates to rowe to the
shore : But the ships for their parts, had so well bestowed their shot on the castle, that they
of the castle began to faint, wherby they discharged not so thicke and often as before. Our
men rowed to the land in the long boates, euery one full of soldiours, & the ships which
could not discharge their ordenance against the castle, bent them against the shore, (for
the enemy had three brasse peeces lying vpon the strand) and many people were there ga-
thered together where our souldiours shoulde land. Nowe as soonc as the Generall with the most
parte of the long boates were come together, they all at one instint rowet! toward the shore,
maintaining for a while the fight on both sides with their shot. But the General perceiuing that
the enemie woulde not abandon the place, with a valiant courage made to the shore, and alto-
gether leaping into the water vp to the middle, maintained the fight \vitli the enemy. Not-
withstanding the enemy no lesse couragious, would not yet Icauc the strond, so that some
of our souldiours & mariners lost their lines before the enemy would retire : for the place
was discommodioiis, and hard to lande, but most of the enemy were slaine, to the number
of 30. or 36. and the Gouernor his right leg was shot ofT, .sitting on his horse. The lord Ge-
neral Feter von dcr Doest leaping first on land, was thrust in his leg with a pike, and had
in his body 4. wounds more, and was in great danger to haue lost his life but that one of the
souldiours sicwe the Spaniarde which meant to haue don it; but his wounds were of small
moment, and his ancient bearer was slain with a shot, the Lieutenant Generall was shot in
his throte, captaine Kniyc in the heade, 4. soldiours were slain, & l^^. hurt in the general
pinnace before they could come to land : But when our people now with one courage all
together rushed vpon the enemie, (leaning their ordenance behindc them,) they (orsooke
the strond, and ran together into the town, carving with tlicin their Gouernour, whose K-o
was shot oflT, & he was a knight of the order of the cros.se, and leauing behind them ^(i.
deade carcases on the strond, were presently by our people ransacked, and our dead people
buried. Our men now hauing won the strond, put theinselucs presently in battell rav ; thr
cmpty boates returned to the ships, but after our people had taken the stroiul, the casile
did neuer shoot shot. After the boates were returned aboord, pre.sentlv tiicy rowed againe
to the shore full of soldiours; our people being all landed, they which for the first time had
comandement, set vs in 7. troupes, or battalions, being xxiiii. companies strong, of soldiour.>
and Mariners, with twentie foure Auncientes. At which time we marched a little forward
twenty one a brcsf, and standing altogether in battell ; saddainly three mariners came run-
ning to the Generall, (which had bin at the castle) felling him that the Spanianis desired to
dcjiucr him the castle, so their lines & goods might be saued: the generall with some nf
thccaptaines and souldiours went first thither, and presently the castle was deliuered into his
possession, hoping on his pitfy and mercy, and leauing behind them all the great ordenance,
namely D. pcece* of brasse, Sc G. Iron peeces, & also al their weapos. In the castle were

abuut

ween both)
d we sailed
9. The sun
of, running
nd of great
t it was the
led vntill it
westwarde.
to the land
•e the shore,
I Northwest
he lord Ge-
i, anchored
great shot;
rail, namely
jf the soiii-
rowe to the
le, that they
jefore. Our
ships whirh

shore, (for
■re there ga-
yith the most
rd tlie shore,
rceiuingthai
>rc, and alto-
iicmy. Not-
so that sonic
for the place
) the number
rhc lord Ge-
ikc, and had
at one of the
(ere of small

was shot ill
the gcncral>

courage all
u'y lorsooke
,ir, whose Ics;
nd them 3('t.

dead people
Itcll ray ; thr
ul, the casilc
rowed agaiiic

first time had

of soIdioiir>

ttle forward
came run-
rds dcsircil to
with some nf
ucrcd into his
at ordenaiice,
ic castle wero
abuiit

and the Canarie-isles. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

about 80. Spaniards, some cannoniers, some soldiers, and some people of the countrey, for
the defence thereof; beside powder, shot and match accordingly, for the artillery, and also
thirty small peeces or caliuers. Also wee founde 58. prisoners, the rest were slaine with
shot in the fury, and some were run away. The prisoners (which our people had taker in
the road with two Barkes, and a ship sunke with our ordenance, as they lay all 3. hard before
the castle) were sent altogether aboorde the ships except 3. of the principals which the lord
General reseruei by him, to the end he might the better knowe the state of all things. Pre-
sently 80. soldioura were sent into the castle, who tooke down the kings flag, and set vp
the princes colours. At the same instant two Negros were brought to f General, which
were fetched out of the mountains, they said that they had lien there a sleepe, and knew
nothing of any matter. But now when it began to wax dark, we marched altogether a great
way towards the town, 4. companies of soldiors approched hard viider the towne, and other
4. copanies had the rereward : those of the Maze, with the Amsterdammcrs remained a pretty
way from the town, vnder the hils ; and the Zelanders, with the North Hollanders lay neere
the waters side, so wee remained al that night in order of battell.

Sunday the 27. of June, after we had now stood al night in battel order, early in the morn-
ing we marched >V al our 7. troupes hard vnder the town of Canarie, where we remained
a while in that order: but because they of the castle (which lieth to the towne") shot so
mightily among vs; 2. of the troupes retired vnder a hill, where we were a little freede from
the castle : for while our people stood imbattailed before the town, the castle did vs great
hurt, for somtimes they shot fine or sixe men with one shot, ere we could entrench our
selues before the castle : but after they perceiued that our people had made a small trench
against the shot of the castle, they placed on the hill fiue or sixe small peeces of brasse
called falconets (which shootc about a pounde of pouder) and sometimes they shot boules
of wood, wherewith in the beginning they slew manie of our people: so aduantagiouslie
had they placed their ordenaunce to shoot among vs. Ten or twelue of our Souldiours ranne
vp the hill, whereof the enemy tooke one, and presently cut him in foure peeces. Our
people seeing that they so tyranouslie dealtc with them, about the euening tooke a Spaniarde
prisoner, and vsed him after the same maner. The lorde Generall perceiuing that many men
were slaine with the ordenance, caused fiue peeces of brasse to bee brought from the castle
which we had taken the dale before, and toward the euening we beganne to make a battery,
and the same euening brought into it three peeces, whereof two were placed presentlie to
pl.iy vppon the Castle, and the hill ; but that euening were but fiue or sixe shotte made.
While that our men made the battcrie, and planted or placed the ordenaunce, the enemy
placed his ordenance in counter-battery : and before our battery could be iinished, and the
ordenance placed, many of our men were shot, among who Peter vanden Eynde commis-
sioner, had his leg shot off", whereof he died within three daies after. After that it was dark,
al they which lay there before the towne were againe set in order of battel, 15. on a raiike,
and so remained all that night.

The 28. of June, early in the morning eucry man retired to his quarter, and then were
two peeces more brought to the battery, which also were presently placed on the Rampire,
and so wee began to shoot against the castle with 4. peeces, and with the fifth we plaied vpon
the small ordenance which lay vpon the hils. The enemy in the castle laid manic sackes of
wool!, and placed manv tonnes or barrels filled with stones vpon the castle wallcs supposing
thereby to make some <ittlc defence from our ordenance; but when an Iron bullet chanced
to hit the barrels so filled with stones, it did them mightie hurt, for the stones would scatter
maruailouslie abroad, whereby many of them that were in the castle were slaine. Our men
hauing now with their shot almost abated the force of the castle, 4. companies marched vp
the hils intending to beatc the enemy from thence, which lay there with the ordenance. But
the enemy perceiuing himselfe to bee assaulted on all partes, (for most of the ordenance ol
the castle were dismounted and made vnprofitabic, the gate of the towne set one fire by the
Generals commandement) about noone they forsooke both the castle, hill, and to'.vn, and
with all their wiues, children, money and lewels, and all other things that they coulde cirrv

U 3 with

147

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148

The ucond
ciitle Sc town
of Onuid C(.
niria tikoi.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

A voyage to Spaine

with them, fled into the tnountaines. Which when our men perceiued, they put themsehies
in order of battle xv. in a ranke. The lord Generall seeing the Spaniards shamefullie to
flie, caused 2. ladders belonging to the enemies, to be brought out of a church which stood
without the towne, whereof the one was too shorte, notwithstanding himselfe with one of
the ladders climed vp the walles, one man at once followed, and by this meanes entered the
towne ouer the wals. About noone some of our men ran into the castle without any reen-
couter : the enemy had vndermined the gate, but as we approched the wall, it tooke fire, but
not one of our people was therewith hurt. They had also skattered powder in sundrie place:),
but our men themselues did fire the same : and as soone as our people were entred the cas-
tle, the kinges colours were taken downe, and the prince of Orenges set vp, and we found
fiue peeces of brasse therein. When wee were all entered into the towne, we put our selucs
againe into order of battell 15. in a ranke in a low ground within the towne : and the soul-
diours which entered the towne by the hils side, brought to the Generall a man of Flushing,
which they had taken out of prison : as soone as the Generall sawe him, he went presently
with him to the prison, accompanied with some of our captaines, where they found 36. pri-
soners, which presently were discharged. And further they declared, that the Spaniards
had taken with them 2. prisonrrs into the mountaines, which were condemned to be burnt,
the one was an English man, the other a Dutchman, which had lien in the holy house. Thus
with the helpe of God about noone, wee won the great Hand of Canaria, and the town of
Allegona, battered with their owne artillery, and skaled with their owne ladders. Towards
the eucning wee were quartered in the housen, those wherein the Generall was, were by
writing freed, that no man might take out any goods, in the rest euery one might go, and
take what pillage he could find: but the Spaniards had caried nil the best things with them
into the mountiiines, and in the cuening all our people entered the town. Eucry captaine
with his company were seuerallie lodged, but yet wc appointed watch on the hils, as well as
in the towne, for the enemy shewed himsdfe often vjion the hils, whereby we were forced
to keep very gooti watch.

The 29. of lune, this morning some of the mariners climed vp the hils, but the enemy (to
whom the passage were better known, then to our people) .«iU(Ulainly set vpon them, and
killed 20. of them. Towards the cuening some .'iOO. of our Soldiours man bed towardcs a
small castle which lay halfc an hourcs iourncy from the towne: but the enemy seeing our
people to approch, forsooke the place and fled into the mountaines, our men being asrendcd,
they founde iti thecasile three brasse peeces: and after they had appointed a Corporall with
certaine soldiours to keepe the wuich, the rest relumed to the ciity. The same night the
Spaniards tooke one of our soldiers appointed for a forlorne Sentinel, whom ihey presently
put to the sword.

The last of lunc, as soone as day appeared, wee began to cary the pillage aboorde belong-
ing to the General, and captaines, as wines and other goods. About noone .'{. eheefe men
of the Spaniards carnc to our people, which kept watch on the hils with a (lag o! truce ia
their handcs, which were straight brought before the (ienerall, and within a while after,
there were 2. more brought vnto him: but after they had bin a while with him they de-
parted .ngain towards the mountaines: and in the cuening came other". Spaniardes to our
watch with a flag of truce, desired to spcakc with the Geii rail ; but they were sente backe
againe into the Mountaynes.

The first d:iy of luly, 1599. in the morning (our people being on the hils) 2. friers with
three other Spaniards came vnto vs, desiring to be brought to the Generall, which our men
accomplished : but tiie General denied to taike with them, wherefore they were presently
sent backe againe from whence ihey came, for we were then labouring to send the goods a
shipboord. Also at that instant was a sermon in the great church of great Canaria, made hv
the preacher of Ysilmoiul with gnat deuotion, and giuing thanks vnto (»od for our grt;it
victory, desiring him that it would ple.ise him daily to increase the same, to the honour
of his name; at which .Sermon the l.orde Genenll was present with foure hundred persons

The second of luly 1599. wee were forbidden by sounde of the drum that no man should

4.'

e to Spaine

themselues
mefullie to
which stood
vith one of
entered the
any reen-
ke fire, but
drie places,
red the cas-
id we found
t our schics
id the snul-
iF Flushing,
t presently
md 36. pri-
E Spaniards
to be burnt,
tuse. Thus
the town of
«. Towards
las, were by
ght go, and
;s with them
ry caplaine
Is, as well as
were forrcd

!• enemy ( to
I them, and
I towardcs a
seeing our
ig ascended,
irporall with
e night the
?y presently

orde belong-

cheefe men

ut truce in

while after,

im they de-

inrdcH to our
sentc backc

i. friers with
ich our men

re presently
the goods »
ria, made bv

for our grcHt
the honour

Ircd personi.

a man should

■»

and the Canarte-isks. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

go beyond the forlorne sentenell placed on the Mountaines : and to sende backe againe into
the hi'iles aJI such Spaniardes which came with a flag of truce, to speake with the General),
and to put all such to the sworde as came with weapons. One of our Pinnaces tooke a
fisherman fishing vnder the Ilande Forteauentura, - .rin were 7. Spaniardes, which were
brought before the General, and prently committed to prison.

The 3. of luly in the morning we began to sende aboord our ships all the bels, ordenance
& munition which the enemies had left behinde them, at which time ^000. soldiors were
appointed to march to the hils, to seeke the enemy, which lay hid there with their wiues,
children & goods, as they were fled out of the towne : and as soone as they approched each
other, they began the fight on both sides with great courage, but the enemy was forced to
flie, beeing better acquainted with the passages of the mountains then our people were. Our
men returned with the losse of some 70. persons : among whom captain lacques Dierickson
with his boatson were slaine: the rest came into the towne againe into their appointed
quarters.

The 4. of luly, in the morning we began to burn the towne, and with pouder blewe vpthe
castle which lay by the towne, and we burned likewise all the cloisters and churches which
were without the towne, lying neere '',c water side. The town burning, our people were
set in battel!, and in that order ma ad out of the towne, vntill they came to Gratiosa, the
castle, which we fin>t tooke, lying about halfc an houres iourney from the towne, where the
long boates receiued our men, and caried them againe aboorde. Presently after wee were
departed out of the towne, the enemy entered, endeuoring by all meanes possible to quench
the fire. And while we were shipping our people, the enemy shewed him selfe sometimes
5. or 6. in a company, but they durst not approrh vs. The rcreward of our men being
shipped, we put fire to the castle which we tooke first, and blew it vp : This done, captaine
Quit imbarked himsclfe also with his soldiours and pillage, which he had taken in the rode,
for his ship wherein he w.ns before was re.-idy to sincke.

The 5. of July, lying in the roade, in the morning the Gcnerall discharged two peeces of
ordenance, and afterward put out 2. flags of the princes colours, thereby giuing to vnder-
stand, that all land captaincs, and sea cuptaines also with one of their Pilots should resort
to him, whereupon presentlie they all rowed aboorde the Generall ; the Pilots which were
best acquainted with the coast, were demanded by the Generall which were the weakest Hands,
and where they might most commodiouslie land : Towards the euening captaine Quyt his
ship was fired, and suffered to driue tnwarde the strond. At which time a newe captaine
was appointed to captaine laques Dirriksons ship aforesaide, who was slaine in the moun-
taines, namely caplaine Kloyers Lieutenant. And the Generals Clarke of the band was ap-
pointed Lieiictenant to captain Kloyer.

The 6. of luly, by reason of the contrary winds, and other inconuenienccs which hap-
pened at this present, and also because such ships, which before were sent to sea, and could
not rcturnc by reason of the contrary windes ; we remained in the road, vnder the castle of
Graciosa. About noone 4. Spanianis came out of the towne with a flag of truce to the
strond, directly ouer against our ships, whereof 2. were brought aboorde the Generall in one
of our long boates, (the other two with their (l;ig of truce were left behinde on the stronde)
which remained with the Generall vntil the euening, .ind then were set on shore, and so the
4. Spaniardes returned to the towne.

The 7. day riding in the roade, in the morning 4. .Spaniards with a flag of peace, came to
the shore from the towne, directly ouer against our ships : the fleet seeing them, sent a Ion"
boate to the shore, and brought the said 4. S|janiards aboord the Gcneml, these men brought
with them the ransome of ccrtaine Spanianis, which had deliuered vp the castle of Graciosa
at the Generals pleasure, which were set to ransome, euery one according to his habilitie &
office: and thus nil the Spaniardes which were ransomed, together with the 4. Spaniardes
which broug It the ransoms, were set on shore with a long boat, and departed to the
towne.

The 8. day of luly, two howcrs after sun rising, the Generall with all the ships set saile,

carying

149

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< :

? 1

150

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

A voyage to Spaint

U i.. I

carying with him all the Spaniardes that were not ransomed, sailing alog the coaHt of great
Canada ; in which time Ian Cornelesson Zwartekevs departed this) worlde, whose leg wai
shot off at the taking of the Hand of great Canaria. Hauing nowc sailed from f hight of
the said Hand, which lay southerly from vs, we had sight of captaine Hertmans ship, and of
3. others which rode there at anchor : who, so soone as they perceiucd our fleete, waicd
their anchors, and sailed alonjj the coast with vn, which were the ships that the Gcncrall had
sent to sea. Sailing thus together vntill the sun was in the West, the wind began to rise
more and more, so that we coulde not keep our direct course, but were forced to put to the
Southwest of the great Hand of Canaria, where we anchored : wee had sight of the Hand
Teneriffe, and of an other of the Hands of Canaria, wherein is the hie mountaine called tiic
Pyck. This hil was from vs 14. miles, but by the great hight thereof it seemed to bcc
within fuure or Hue miles offvs, but in the dale time when the sun shined wee could nut
see it.

The 9. of luly, lying thus at anchor, in the morning most of the long boates went a shore
to fetch fresh water, such as thry could there find and caried with them the deade corps of
Ian Cornelesson aforesaid, the Constables son of the Admiralty of Roterdii, called Zwertkeys,
which was there honorably buried on the high and drie land. This done, we set on fire the
woode which lay on the shore piled and heaped in the woods, but in this place we found not
any Spaniards.

The tenth of luly, the boates being all returned to their ships with their people, euery one
wayed tlieir anchors and hoised their sailes, the windc at Northwest: but being vnder saile
together, the wind slacked & by reason of the great calme the ships lay a drift for want of
wind.

The 11. of luly, in the morning it bicwc a stout gale in our topsailes out of the North-
cast, but as \vc approched the Hand of Tcneritfa, the winde altered often ; sixe or seuen of
our shippes, and tlie rest which were next vnto the shore, had sometimes a gale in their top-
sailes, and sometimes againe without wind : so that we lay a drift, and could keepe no
reckoning cither of the wind or course, and were forced to alter our course more than 1'^.
times a day.

A declaration of the taking of Gomcra one of the Hands in Canaria, and how we

aftcrwardcs left it.

THe 12. day of July sailing thus ^vith great variety of wind, vnder the great H9d Tcncriflfa,
the day appearing, wc had the wind more certain, filling our topsailes with a full gale from the
Northwest : And when it was fairc day light wc saw our fleet scattered far one fro another,
by mcancs of the foresaid mutable wiiulcs. .Some ships lay driuing by reason of the calnic,
and other some had a little gale, but the most part of our fleet were West of vs, towards whom
with all speed, wc with the rest of the ships made. Ijcing al come together, wee endcuored
to reach the Ilandc Gomera, wherein is a little towne: towardcs llie euening many of our ships
were neere the Hand, but the most part were to j- lee ward ; so th.it before it grew toward the
euening none of vs could come iiecre the townc. Notwithstandina; in the twilight and
sluittiiig vp of the euoning: Ian Garbraiitson Admirall of the white flag, his vize Admirall.
and a Pinnace following, were come neere the town. Thus the Admirall sayling so neere to
the Hand, they of Gomcra disciiargcd ti. pieces at him, but touched him not. The saidc
Admirall seeing this, p;issed on a little farther with the other ships which were neere him, &
tlien tooke in their saiics, and cast their anchors. Tiic other ships which were bchindc, la-
boured all they might to come also viulcr the Hand to them.

The \3. of luly, the Admiral of the white fla^ lyin<j thus at anrhor neore to Gomera, the
greatest i)art of the (Icetc were yet in tlie morning betweene the Hand of TcnerifTa and
Gomera, so that parte of the ships were bcyonde the towne, and mu-it sometimes cast about to
conduite the others in, which were in the lee of vs. When wee had nowe for the most part
passed the hight of the Hand, the (ienerall gauc a signe to all captaines to come aboorde him,
being vnder saile, directing his course to the Hand of Gomera, and the other ships did their

cndeuuur

;ti

aiul tlu Citnarie-isles. TRAFFICIUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

151

endeuour to follow him, and anchored about the necke of the valley, lying North North
East off the towne. Tiie ships being all come to anchor, the captaines entered presently
into the long boates, and rowed aboorde the Gcnerall to know his minde ; and after they had
beene a while in the Generals ship, they returned to their ships, and 4. companies of
soiildiours were chosen out, and landed in the valley. Which done, al the ships waied their
anchors, and sailed directly toward the towne, and then came to anchor againe. After that
nil our ships lay thus together in the road neere the valley, before the town : we discharged
certaine peeces against the town, but they made no shewe at all of resistaunce, for they
had buried foure brasse peeces as soone as they had sight of vs, which lay on the strond
neere vnto a small castle; the other sixe companies were also set on land in the long boates,
without any resistance : for the Spaniardes with their wines, children, and all their goods The towne of
which they coulde carry with them were fled into the mountains. The first 4. copanies that J^°""b thT
were landed, as they marched along the hils side towards the towne, perceiuing that the spiniuiti.
enemy fled with all his goods towards the hils, sent out a certaine number of soldioura to
intercept them, and to take from them the goods which they caried away. And to accom-
plish this enterprise, our souldiours descended the hill into the valley, meaning suddainly
to set vpon the Spaniardes; but the enemie perceiuing their intent, hid themselues in cauea
which were neere vnto them, vntill our souldiours were in the valley. The Spaniardes per-
ceiuing that they were strong enough to encounter with our people, suddainly leapt out of
their dens, and beset our souldiours on both sides. Our people seeing themselues thus
compassed with their enemies, behaucd themselues most valiantly, so that many of the
Spaniards lost their liues, and 80. of ours were slaine in this valley : among whom were Eigtuy N«ther.
2. Lieutenants (the one was Meerbecks sonne, and the other was Lieutenant to captaine dluMlVp^rd*
Bynon) which had rcceiued aboue 50. wounds in their bodies, so pittifullie were they mas- •!•«»•
sacred, thus were these worthie champions intercepted. The rest of those 4. companies,
which were not present at this fury of the Spaniardes, towardes the euening, descended the
hils, and marched into the towne. Presently after this, watch was appointed in al places
of ^ towne, and some of the soldiours began to dig the ground, to sceke for such goods
as the Sp.iniarde8 had buried, but at that instant they founde nothing, except only certain
pipes of wine.

About the sunnc setting was brought in a Spanish prisoner, which was deliuered to the
Prouest marshal, by the Generals commandement, to the end he might bring them to all
Kuch places in the Ilande, whereas the Spanianles had hidden their goods. But because
nothing could then be eflbcted by reason that the euening approched, and it began to bee
100 dark, the Spaniard was committed to a keeper vntil the next morning for the purpose
nforesaide. But the night being far spent, & the keeper taking small regard to his
charjje, the Spaniard secretlie stole away and ran to the mountaines.

The 14. of luly, in the morning the long boates rowed againe to the shore, and caried
.iboorde such goods as the enemy had left behind them, which for the most part were wines,
for they h.id caried clean away all other things into the mountains, and had left almost
nothing in the towne, but only the wines which they had buried in the earth: In the
afternoone our people found 3. bels, which they had buried in the fields, where corne had
growne.

Tlic \!i. of luly in the morning our people running vp to the hils 10. or 12. in a copany
to hunt & seeke for pillaa;e, were suddainly inwironed by the enemy, and (). or 8. of them
slaine ; ihe rest saued themselues by flight. About noone there was a generall muster taken
of all the soldiours, to sec how many wee had lost: and such ships .is were appointed to
retiirne home, began to dcliuer out the \iciuals. The same day were two copper peeces
founde : whereof the one was 10. toot and halfe long, and the other about 14. foot.

The l(i. day in the morning the Lord Generall gaue notice to ail captaines to resort to
him aboord his ship, because some of the captaines had not sent victuals vnto the soldiers
tliat were on land, whereby they suflercl hunger, and sundry of the soldiours had com-
plained to the General thereof: At a'''er:ioone, the enemy came to the hill which lieth oucr

the

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153

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

^ voyage to Spaine

the towne, crying and calling vnto our men to come and Tctch againe their muskets, and
towards the euening many marrincr« with their weapons landed, and at thai instant aUo all
things were ordered to march very early the next morning vp the hil.i to letrh againe our
musliets, caliueni, and other weapons, which the Spaniards berore had in mockery, and
gibing wise willed vh to fetch from them. But now when nl! thing* were ordered for this
seruice: the same night nrosic a Htron>> gale of winde, encr-asing more and more, that in
the ende it grcwc to a mightie tempc<t, that notwithstaniiing our fleet did ride vnder the
Hand Gomera in the road before the towne, some were forced to way their anchors and to
put to sea, to preuentthe mixchiefc like to hippen to the ships, by reason they lay so neerc
one another. And when those ships were a little way in the Sea, they cast their anchors,
and there remained. By this occasion the generals aforesaid cntcrpriic was kept backe;
wc iudging it as a warning, that the Generall should spare and prescrue his people from the
bloud-thirsty Spaniards, which had their holes and dens in the nils, and perhaps might hane
taken .iway many of our liucs. And heere by the way; by the name of the Hand Canaria,
the Spaniards may rightly bee called Canarians or Canes, for Canaria is by interpretation,
dogs kinde, for they ran as swift as dogs, and were as tyrannirall and bloud-thirsty as the
rauening Wolfe, or any other wild beast, which they sufficiently manifested, for as soon as
they could lay handes on any of our people (like vnto mad curs, agreeing with their name
Canariiis) they would presently woary them.

The 17. this hurtfull night ended, and the tempest ouer passed, and alaid, the couragious
soKliors were all in rcdines, desirous to execute this peece of seruice, cxspecting & de-
siring nothing more, then to march vp the hils, and to incounler their idolatrous enemies.
But vpon good consideration, this enterprise was staled, and some !HiO. soldiours sent into
the same valley, where 3. daies before our people had bcene suddainly compassed, intrapped,
and slaine by the Spaniards. Our soldiours being come to the valley aforesaid found no re-
sistance, neither could once see a Spaniard; but foundasmal peece of brasse about a fadome
long, and two barrels of gunpowder; and whon our souldiours pcrceiued that there was no
good to bee done (forbearing to mount the hils, because they had no commission so to do)
with such thingcs as they had thry returned into the towne. The euening now approching.
tlic General] commanded to carry aboord the ships, such goods as they had there found,
and digged out of the ground, which was accordingly done and accomplished, among which
things were three brasse peeces, some bels and other goods.

Sunday the 18. of luly, we remained at anchor in the road of the Hand Gomera.
Munday the 19. of luly, remaining yet in the Hand Gomera, and seeing that the
Spaninrdcs continued in their secret holes, and dens of the mountaines, wee set fire on the
towne, and as neere as we could burnt down all places, as Cloisters churches, hermitages
and houses, remaining yet in the towne vntill it was noone. After that all this was accom-
plished; we the vnited soldiours forsooke the towne, and presently the Lord General, with
al his company, went aboord the ships. Thus we left the Hand Gomera burning, which
which was ncuer before done by any nation. The Spnniardes seeing that the soldiours
were departed out of the Hand, with ail speed possible, in great heapes came running out
of their secret caucs and holes, to quench the fire, like as they of Allegona in the Hand of
great Canaria before had done.

VVedne-.day the 20. of July, we lay stil in the road before Gomera, in this time 2. of
our soldiours were put into captain Cloiers ship, and in lew of them, we receiued out of
hii> ship 2. others, which were hurt, with two Spaniards.

The summary or briefc declaration of the Admirals departing towardes the West

Indies.

Aftre that the Generall had left the Hands, he giueth order to the fleete, taketh his
Icaue of all the Captaincs and oflicers in mo.st honorable sort : he aduanceth
the voyage to the West Indies with his Nauy : the rest of the ships returnc into
ibc low Countries, euery one from whence he came.

AFter

r so ncerc
■ anchors,
pt backe:
from the
light haiie
d Canaria,
rprclation,
itty ait the
as Hoon as
iheir name

couragious
ing & de-
ls enemies,
s sent into
intrapped,
lund no rc-
jt a fadome
lere was no
1 so to do )
pproching,
u're found,
nong which

lera.

that the
fire on the
hermitages
wan arconi-
neral, with
ling, which
e soldiours
unning out
the Hand ol

s time 2. of
iued out of

; West

cth his
anceth
lie into

and the Canavle-isles. TRAFFIQUES. AKD DISCOUERIES

After that the Hand of great Canaria was by the vnited soldiours taken, and won by torce
of armcs, and the Hand Gomera conquered, for sundry reasons they were forsake, after they
had caried to their ships such things ns they found, fired the townes, churches, cloisters, and
houses, and rased their Castles. The Lord Generall commanded all Captaincs and officers
of the fleete to resortc vnto him aboord his ship. The same principals being come accord-
ingly, he wclcommcd them and shewed them al friendship he could, thanking them for their
good and faithfull endeuours which they had shewed in this seruice, which he performed
with a singular oration, prayinj; Almighty God that he we>uldc vouchsafe to be his only
loadsman & merciful defender, in all his enterprises, to the honor of Wu name, and happy
Huccesse of the vnited Netherlandish prouinccs. After this, the lorde Generall againe in most
friendly sort, and kind speeches, perswadcd & desired all the saido captaines and oflicers,
(alleadging many reasons and examples) to pcrseuer in their good beginning of true and
faithfull seruice for God, and for their good Lords and principall magistrates, the honorable
gentlemen and states of the vnited Nctherland; 8c to the good liking of their valiant Sc
high borne gentleman, & goucrnour General prince Mauritz, their principal lorde and
commander. Sec, with these and su<h like matters the dale was spent.

Wednesday the 21. of luly, the wind was northerly: The lord Generall commanded all
the captaines and officers to resort vnto him : and in most curteous mancr againe the second
time, tooke his Icauc of them all, ordaining and appointing in his place as Admirall Generall
ouer all those shippes which were to rciurne home, the valiant captainc Ian Gcrbrantson,
desiring and straightly charging them al there present, to shew all obedience and duty vnto
him, as to his owne person, and that they should make his minde knowne to all others which
had not beenc there present. AHer these speeches, and leauc taken, the Admirall Ian Gcr-
brantson put out the princes colours in the mainc top : and the honorable gentleman Peter
von der Doest presentlie caused the princes flag also to be spread ; and as soone as the
sunne was Southwest, all the ships at one instant waicd their anchors, and hoiscd their sailes,
taking leaue nowe the third time one of another, in most braue and triumphant sort, and in
this mancr departed the one from the other. The loril General with his tlecl, set this course
South Southwest, with .%. ships, and the Admirall Ian Gerbrantson ran East by the wind,
with .'{,"). ships with intent to returne home.

Wednesday the 18. of August, sixteene ships of our (Icct which were sent to returne
home, being in company together in the latitude of 36. degrees and 10, minutes, the wind
Southwest sailing Northeast, before it was noone, we perceiued li. strange ships vnder saile
romming out of the Northwest, towards whom wc made, and at afternoonc we ouertooke
them, aiul made them our prises : they were both Spaniardes, the one was a small Barke,
and came from Cape de Rlanco in 21. degrees, loaden for Woluis in the Condate where
they dwelled. In the same ships was a marchant of Cyuill with 47. men, each of their
ships hauing two cast peeces, and eucry man his musket, but they made no shcwe of He-
fence, or otrendiiig. 'I'here was also found laden in the same ships, sixtv thousand diie
hides or skins, esteemed to bee worth (iOOO. duckets as tliev reported, there were als'>
found two bags with inony, in the one was 11. huiulrod single rials, and in the other
10. hundred & forty single rials, with two Ruts of traine oiie, and two barrels of gum
Arabique.

Thursday the 19. day, we the aboucsaid 10. shijis were together, beside the two Sp.niish
ships, 4 ships of war of North Ilollnnd, 4 ships of Warres of Zeland and one ship of war of
the Maze: tlif laptain wherof was .Antony I.eonardson, al the rest were victualers. The
wind West Northwot, we s;ii!od Northeast, and by North in .'{(>. degrees and 4.'>. minutes,
i he captaines had becne all al)oord tlie .Xdmirall in councell aduising what were best to bet-
dnne in this matter of the Spaniards |)rises.

Saturday, Sunday, the 21. and 22. ofAuuust, our said fleet of 18. ships kept jet toge-
ther, we found our selues to bee in .'W. degrees, 6. minuts. The sun South and bv West,
the winde blew vp at West Northwest, wee sailed North Northeast, and North and by
r.ast, Lysborne was Kast of vs.

vot. V. X \funda%

The Nether,
landiih Heet di*
uidf themselues
tnto two com-
panies, whereof
the one rcturn-
eth homcwitdej,
and the other
proceedeth for
the Weit
Indians.

Two Spanish
prizes taken.

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ir.4 VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, &c.

Munday the sixt of September, the winJe westerly, we ran Ea«t, at noone wee aoundcd,
the depth was 50. Tadome water, we Tound small white shelfl with needles therein, in the
hight or 49. degrees SO. minuts, the sun Southwest, wee had sight of Vshant, we ran North-
east and by North.

Tuesday the 7. of September, the sun East South East, wee saw England, a mighty bluster-
ing gale of winde from the South Southwest, wee sailed North Northeast. The sunnc
Southwest, came to lande at GawHtert. Aflerwarde wee turned and sailed East Southeatt .
In the euening it blewe ho much winde, that wee were forced to strike our maine top mast,
and we ranne the whole night with two courses by the wind.

Wednesday the 8. of September, the foule weather continued, the sunne East and hy
South, we had sight of the He of Wight North Northwest of vm, and ranne the whole da\,
East Northeast with the forcsailc by the wind : as the euening .-ipprorhcd wc saw BeuerHier,
in the night and second quarter we ])aH8ed by Doner.

Thursday the 9. of September, as soone as the daie began to appearc it was ralnie we.i-
ther, and darke, the sun Southeast, we lay still before Newport all the cbbe. The
wind ci'ttcrly, in the after noone the wind came NnrihwcHt, wc set saile .tgaine, running
al night by the wind with our forcsaile.

Friday the 10. of September 1599, by the break of day wee were licfore the Maze, the
sun Southwest, we arriued by the heipe of Gods merc^ and grace before the Brill.

Since then, there is arriued at Texell another ship of war, whereof one Cater of Amster-
dam was captain, the \sich was seuered from the fleet in this voiagc by tempest, and thought
to be lost. The said captaine met with some prises and in company of two English shippes
tooke a Caruell of Aduiso, vcrie richly laden comming out of India, and hauing inure ineii
then the English, shared halfe of the goods with thwin^ and io came home this present
month of Ocfob. . ,

ff>

f (■:

FINIS.

€

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THE HISTORIE

Of TNI

WEST INDIES.

f i I
if'-ii

CONTAlNINa Tilt

jiCTES JIND ADVENTURES OF THE SP.4NIARDS,

WHICII

HAUE CONQUERED AND PEOPLED H'OSE JOUN'- iF.S,

iNniciiu

WITH VARIETIE OF PLEASANT RELATION OF THE JAK^'IR?. CllIiEMOMES, (.AW):*,
GOUERNMENT8, AND WARRKF OF TIJE INi>IATf!».

PUBLISHED IN LATIN BY MR, AKLUYT,

AND TRANSLATED INTO CNGLISl/ BY M. LOK OiLNT.
In the hand$ qf tht Lord art all iht corners if/" thz corl*. TFAi. XCV.

HonQon:

PRINTED FOR ANDREW HEBB, AND ARE TO HV. SOtD AT TUB «ICME 0» THE DELi. IN

PAILS CUURCl -y/B'i.

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TO THE READER.

VVHoso commifte thcmseliies vnto the huge, and mayne Ocean, in a small vessell, may
sooner expect to be swallowed in that va«tity of waters, through the rage and furie of the
Sea, then hope to gaine liie desired, and intended hauen. And seeing my selfe may well bee
compared to that small vessell, being but a litle boate, and no barke of any burthen, to
say le the tempestuous Seas, ana spacious Ocean of this History: I will therefore (like the
vnskiifull Nauigators of former ages ) rather coast it along the shoares, then spreade my
saylcs vnto tlie enuious windes in a daungcrous Sea, through any arrogant presumption of
mine ownc strength, hoping therby, to gaine the more securitie, when (still within the
viewe of landc) I may safely put into euery harbour, and so, auoide the innumerable pe-
rillcs, which mii^ht otherwise insue. For this History comprehendeth a large, and copious
discourse, full of all variety, extending it selfe in that exceeding length, that I might sooner
weary, and loose my sclfc in the nnrration, then giuc full satisfaction to the Reader. Yet,
that I may ycelde them due content, I purpose to giue some small tast of the contents of
the whole, and for the rest, rcferre them to the body, and substance of the booke, whereof
this small Epitomy, may iustly bee termed but the shaddowe. You shall therefore vnder-
stande, tiiaf this worke of the Decades (wrilten by Peter Martyr a Millanoise of Angleria,
iiititied the History of the ncwe worldc) containeth the first discouery of the West Indies,
together with the subicction, and conquest therof. Wherin, we are chiefely to consider, the
industry, and trauailes of the Spanyarde, their exceeding charge in furnishing so many
shippes, for this intended expedition, their continuall supplyes to further their attemptes,
and their actiue and viidaunted spirites, in executing matters of that qualitie, and difiicultie,
and lastly, their constant resolution of Plantation. All whiche, may bee exemplary vntovs,
to performe the like in our Virginea, whiche beeing onci throughly planted, and inhabited
with our people, may retiirne as greate benefitte to our Nation in another kinde, as the In-
dies doe vnto the Spanyard ; for although it yeeld not golde, yet, is it a fruitfull pleasant
countrey, replenished with all good thinges, necessary for the life of man, if they be in-
dustrious, who inhabite it. llin wee leauc this to them, who haue authoritie, and good
purses, to further a matter of suche important consequence, and returne to our purpose.
Kesidcs the first discouery of this countrie of the West Indies, this historic likewise declareth
the conquest, and subjection of the people, the manner howe, and what myriades of mil-
lions of poore naked Indians were slaughtered, and subdued through the conquering sworde,
and the nmnbir of the Spanyardes, that attempted, and performed tlic same. Wherein, the
chiefe men of note, <!v' principall Coniinaunders, haue their particular names set down, as
Chrisi. Coiuniljus, Tern. Cortes, Fern. Magaglianus, and the rest, whome the Author hath
e\pres-e!y ini itioned, to their ieternall comendation : and for the incitement, and prouoca-
tioii of the liuing, to the like honounible, and high attemptes. Here also, are the people
dcscrihcil, by their seuer.ill Nations, their particular rites, ceremonies, and customes, by
their liahite, and attyre, < yther in warre, or pence : also, by their religion, sacrifices, and
other de.neaniire, i*s; gestures whatsoeuer : so that to reade the particui.irs, discoursed there
at large, whicli I brielVly mention heere, will so allure the reader, that nothing may seeme
more pleading, or delightfull : for, as ia fashions of apparcll, and ordinary diet wee like

extraordinary

1 1

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168

TO THE READER.

and as strong a motiiie in another kinde) cannot but afTect the aences, and intellecttiall fa.
culties, with farre greater delight. Hereunto he addeth the speciall description of the se-
uerall countries, with their particular situation, boundes, abuttinents, and qualitie of the
soyle: together with their Mountaines, hilles, riuers, meddowes, pastures, wooddes, for-
rcsts, valleyes, playnes, and champions : and what goodly citties, and fortified townes are
there erected, with the matter, and manner of their architecture, and building, with all the
ornament, and elegancie thereof: their huge Paliaccs, and houses of pleasure, farre exceed-
ing many Christian Princes courtes: their orchardes, gardens, and other inclosures for wilde
beastes and foules of diuers kindes, beautified with wonderful art, and curiositie : their
mightie Lakes, (whereof some are little inferiour to the Euxine Sea) abounding with excel-
lent fish, and whatsoeuer else the diuine bountie might bcstowe vppon a blessed countrey, to
inrich them with all earthly felicitie. And lastly hee largely describeth, what those Moun-
faynes, hilles, valleyes, and champions, ryuers, and Lakes ingender, and bring foorth : what
mineralles, as gold, and siluer, and what pearle, and precious stones : what wilde beastes,
prodigious and straunge, what foule, and fishe, flyes, and wormes of the earth, & other
noysome things, are bredde there : and of the nature, and qualitie of all these. All which,
this Historian most learnedly in a more large, and ample maner, disrourseth, then this my
short narration cann'' report, whiche least it exceede the iust measure of due limittes, and
boundes, I willingly perswade the reader, to haue recourse vnto the Author himselfe, from
whence he shall receiue a more perfect satisfaction touching particulars then this generalitie
doth include. Thus hoping the courteous, and discreet, will mildly excuse, if not approur,
what I haue rudely done, I submit my selfe to euery humor, and expect differing censure^
answerable to the dissonant opinions, & variable inclination of euerie Reader.

M. LoK

f i
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CERTAINE

••■^rf^v-^frjmtfma

CERTAINE PREAMBLES HERE FOLLOWE,

GATHERED EY R. EDEN

HERETOFORE,

FOR THE BETTER VNDERSTANDING OF THE WHOLE WORK.

n '<m

Of the first discoiiering of the West Indies.

A Certaync Caraiiell sayling in the WmI Ocean, about the coastes of Spayne, hadd aAhardbtiin*
forcible and continuall winde from the East, whereby it was driuen to a land vnknowne, "'"'•
and not described in any Map or Carde of the Sea, and was driuen still along by the coaste
of the same for the space of many daics, vntill it came to a hauen, where in a short time the
most part of the mariners, being Ion" before very wcake and feble by reason of hunger and
frauayle, dyed: so that onoly the Pilot, with three or fourc other, remained aliue. And
not only they that dyed, did not enioy the Indies whiche they first discouered to their mis-
fortune, but the residue also that liued had in maner as litie fruition of the same: not leauing,
or at the least not ,)en!y publisliinu any memory thereof, neyther of the place, or what it
was called, or in what ycerc it was Ibunde: Albeit, the fault was not theirs, but rather the
malice of others, or the enuic of that which we cal fortune. I do nottherfore marueile, that
the aiincient histories afiirme, that great thinges proceede and increase of small and obscure
beginningcs, sith we haue seciie the same verified in this finding of the Indies, being so
notable and newe a thing. We neede not be curious to secke the name of the Pilot, sith
death made a shorte ende of his doiiiges. Some will, that he came from Andaluzia, and "ri" P""' •''"
traded to the llaiuUs ofCanaria, and the Hand of Madera, when this large and mortall naui- Mel?'"''''"'
gallon chaunced viifo him. Other say that hee was a Byscannc and traded into Englande
and Fraice. Otiicr also, that lice was a Portiigall, & that either he went or came from
Mina or India : whiche agrceth well with the name of these newe landes, as I haue sayd Mim.
before. Againe, .some there be that say that he brought the Caruell to Portugall, or the
Ilande of Madera, or to some otiier of the llandes called De los Azores. Yet doc none of
them affirme any thing, although they all alfirme that the Pilot dyed in the house of Christo-
pher Colon, with whom remayncd all sui-he writinges and annotations as he had made of his
vo\age in the said Carauell, aswell of :.uih thinges .is he obsenied both bv land and sea, as
also of fhe eleuation of the pole in those lands which he h.id discouered.

What manner of man Christopher Colon (otherwise called Columbus j was, and how
he came first to the knowledge of the Indies.

Cllristopher C"Ion was borne in Cugureo, or (as some say) in Nerui, a village in the ter-
ritory of (icnna in Italic. Hce descended as some thinke, of fhe house of the Pelestrelcs
of I'lacintia in l/unbardie. He beganne of a chylde to bee a maiyner: of whose arte
they haue great cxcrcyse on tlie > yuer of (icniia. He traded many yeeres into Suria,
and other |)arfs of the East, .\ftcr this, hee became a maister in making cardcs for the sea,
wliereby hee hadde great vantige. llee came to Portugall to know the reason and descrip-
tion

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160

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The attempt of Colon,

Colon was not
much lejrncd.

tion of the South coasts of Affrica, and the nauigations of the Portugalles, thereby to make
his cardes more perfect to bee solde. Hee maryed in Portugallc, as some say : or as many
say, in the Hand of Madera, where he dwelt at such time as the saidc Carauell arryued there,
whose Pilot soiorned in his house, and dyed also there, beequeathing to Colon his carde of
the description of such newc landcs as he had found, whereby Colon haddc the /ir.st know-
ledge of the Indies. Some haue thought that Colon was well learned in the Laline ton^np
and the science of Cosmouraphic : and that he was thereby first moucd to secke ihc lands of
Antipodes, and the rich Hand of Cipan<!;o, wherof Marchus Paulus writcth. Also that he had
reade what Plato in his dialogues of Timeus and Cricias, writeth of the great liande of Ai-
lantide, and ofa great lande in the West Ocean vndiscoucred, being bigger then Asia and
Alfrira. Furthermore that he had knowledge what Aristotle and Theophrastus sayc in flicir
bookes of Maruayles, where they write that certayne mcrchauntes of Carthage, sayling from
the strayghtes of Gibraltar towardc the West and South, founde after many d.iies a great
Ilandc not inhabited, yet replenished with all thinges requisite, and hauing many iiaiiigahlc
ryuers. In deede Colon was not greatly learned: yet of good vnderslanding, And when
he had knowledge of the sayde newc landcs by the in'^rmation of the dcade Pilotto, made
Colon conftrred relation tlicrcof to errtavnc learned mennc, with whonu he conferred as touciiing the lyke
with learned jhingcs mentioned of oldc author*). Hee communicated tliis secrete and conferred ciiicfely
with a Fryar, named lohn Perez of Marchena, that dwelt in the Monastery of Habida. So
that I verily bcieeue, that in manner all that hee declared, and manic thinges more that
hee left vnspoken, were written by the sayde Spanyshe Pilottc that dyed in his house. For I
am perswaded, that if Colon by science attcined to the knowledge of the Indies, hee woulde
long beeforc haue communicated this secrete to his ownc countrey-menne the Genuenses,
that trauayle all the worlde for gaynes, and not haue come into Spaync for this purpose.
But doubtlcsse hee neucr thought of any suche thing, bccfore hcechu. ccd to bee acquainted
with the savdc Pyhitte, who founde those landes by fortune, according to tlie sayinge of
I'linie, (^tiod ars dorere non poluif, ra-ius iiiuenit. That is, That arte coulde nut teaclic,
chaunrc founde. Albeit, the more Chri.slian opinion is, to thinke th.it GOD of his singular
prouidnice and infinitte goodnesso, at the length with eyes orconipas>ion as it were lookitiir
tiowne from licauen vppon the Sonnes of Adam, so long kept vndcr Salhuns captiuitic,
intondcd cucn then (lor causes to him onclic vnknowne) to rayse those wyndes of mcrtv
wliereliy that {\TrauolI (herein most lykc vnto the shippe of Noe, whereby the remnant of
the wliijc W(.rl(ie wa^ sjueil, is by this C.irauell this newe worlde reccyued tlie first hope ct
tiieir saluation) was ilriuen to thc»e landes. Hut wee will iiowc declare what great tliingrs
followed of this small l)t'i:\ nnyng, and liowc Colon followed this matter, riuealed \nto him
not without C!()I.)S j)rouiilcnce.

What labour and trauayle Colmi tookc in attempting his (ir>t ^ova^(' to ihc Indies.

AFfcr flic death of flic Pilot t'l- niarr)ners tjf the S|)aiiysslic Ciraiidl that discoucred the
Indus, Chri-topher Colon purposed to seekc the same. Hut in howe ninch more hee de-
sired this, the lesse was his power to arcomplivhe his desire. For bee-iile that of himsellc
!iee was tint able to fiirnisshe one sli\p])e, he lacked also (he ruiour of a kiti;;, vnder whose
{ifotection he mi;;ht so etiioy the ri( lies hee hoped to liiule, that iioDf (thcr niyght take the
«aiiic from him, or deteale him tlure of. .\ntl seeini; the king of Portugal occupied in llie
I oijciiicNt of ,\(Tiira, ;iii(l the Naui;;ations of the I'.a-^t, which were then first attempted, ilk-
King of Castyle likewi>e no lesse buised in the w.irres of Cranada, hee sent to his brollui
r-irtholomewe Colon, (who was also |)riuic to this serrefe) to practise with the King it
Kir? ii.-r.iyihc 1 ni-lande ;llciir\ theseueuth^ bein" \erif licli and without warre«, promisiu" to briii" him
great riciies in sliorte time, il hee wonlde shew*- him f.iuoiir, ;iiul fnrnishe him witii shippe^
tc: discoiier the newe Indies, whereof he had rcrtaine knowledge. Hut nevther here beiii-

^t'"!i'Ih.'"r '"''''■ '" '"■'">-' '''" '^"'''" '" I''"'*'*'' '"' *:in^»'<l ilic matter to be moued to tlie king of Portu;:;il
Don Alonsa, the fifth (,f that name: at w!io>e h;iMds he found neither fauour nor mum,
r.>ra-mu(h as the Licentiat C.il^adilla the bi-lu-p of Viseo, and one maister Redrigo, men -.|

ereUitc

',S

Ikf

Medin.i

)y to make
ir as many
lUed there,
lis cardc of
first kiiovv-
ine tonmip
he lands of
that he had
Hide of A(-
\ Asia and
lyc in their
ayling from
aie.s a Rrcat
y iiaiiinahle

And when
ilotte, made
iig the \\V.r
•ed chiefcly
{abida. So
^ more that
luse. For I
hce woiilde
Genuenscs,
his purpose.
[; acquainted
I sayin>?c of
! not leache,
his singiiinr
'cre looivin)»
s captiuilic,
es of mere y

remnant ui
first hope (.1

real thingrs
L'd vnto him

Indies.

icouercd the
lore hee de-

of hinistilc

vnder \vh(Ke

^ht take liie

upied in llie

em pled, tin'

his brotiur
ilu- Kin;; it
lo liriiiL; him
\Niili siiippe-

here Ijcin-

of rortu;:.il
r nor ninny,

ii;c), nien ul
tredite

m attcwpt of Colon. TRAFFIQURS. AND DISCOUERIES. 161

credite in the science of Cosmograpliic, withstoode hiin, and contended that there neither
was norconldc any golde or other ricl;Gs bee fonnde in the West, as Colon aflirmed. liy
reason whereof he was very sad and pensiue : but yet was not discouraged, or despaired of
f liopc of ids good aduenture, which hee afterwarde founde. Tliis done, he tooke shypping
at Lislnirne, and came to Palos of Moguer, where hce communed with Martin Alonso
Pinzon, an cxperte I'ilotto, who oft'ercd liimselfe vnto him. After this, disclosing the whole
secrete.^ of his mindc to lohn Perez of Marchcna (a fryar of lliorder of saint Frances in Rabida,
and wel learned in Cosmography) and declaring vnto him howe by following the course of
the Sunnc by a temi)crnte voyage, rich and great landes might be founde: the Fryar greatly
commended his enterprise, and gaue him counsayle to brcakc the matter to the JJuke of
Medina Sidonia, Don Enrique of Guzman, a great Lordc, and very rich : also to Don Luis
of Ccrda, the Duke of Medina Celi, who at that time had great prouision of ships well fur-
nished in his hauen of Santa Maria. But whereas both these Dukes tooke the matter for a
dreame, and as a thing deuised of an Italian deceiuer, who (as they thought) had before with
like pretence deluded the kinges of Englande and Portugall, the Fryar gaue him courage to
goe to the courte of the Catholike Princes Don Fernando, and lady Isabell princes of Castile,
affirming that they woulde bee ioyfull of suche newcs: And for his better furtherance herein,
wrote letters by him to Fryar Ferdinando of Talauera the Queenes confessor. Christopher
Colon therefore, rcpayred to the Court of the Catholike princes, in the yecre 1486. and de-
liucred vnto their handcs the petition of his request, as concerning the discoucring of the
new Indies. But they being more carcfull, and applying all their mynde howe they might
dryuc the Moores out of the kingdomc of Grenada, whiche greate enterprise they had Tiic conquer
already taken in liande, did little or nothing esteemc the matter. But Colon not thus dis- "f^"""^'-
couraged, foinidc the meanrs to declare his suite to such as had sometimes priuate commu-
nication with the King. Yet because hee was a slraungcr, and went but in simple apparel,
nor otherwise credited then by the letter of a gray fryar they belceucd him not, neyther gaue
care to his woordes, whereby he was greatly tormented in his imagination. Onely Alsonso
of Quintanilia, the Kinges chicfe Auditor, gaue him meaie and drinke at his owne charges,
and heardc gladly suche thynges as hee declared of the landes not then founde : desiring
hiin in the meane tyme to bee content with that poore entertainment, and not to dispayre of
his entcrprysc : putting him also in good comfortc that he shoulde, at one time or other,
come to the speech of the Catholike princes. And thus shortly after, by the meanes of
Alonso of Quintanilia, Colon was brought to the presence and audience of the Cardinall
Don Pcro Gonzales of Mcndoza, archbishop of Toledo, a manne of great reuenues and an- The jrchMihop
thority with the King and Quccnc, who brought him before them, after that he well pcrcciucd <=f ToltJa.
and examined his entent. And by this meanes was his suite hearde of the Catholike princes,
who also reade the booke of his memorials which he presented vnto them. And although
at the first they tooke it for vaine & false tiuit he promised, neuerthclcssc they put him in
good hope that he should bee wel dispatched whe they had finished the wars of Granada,
which they had now in had. With which an.swcr, Colon began to reuiuc his spirits, with
hope to be better esteemed, & more faiiorably to be heard among the gentlemen & noble-
men of the courte, who before tooke him onely for a crafty fellow & deceiuer: & was
no thing dismaidc or discouraiied whensoeucr hee debated tlie matter with them, although
many iudged him phantasticall, as is the maner of ignorPit men, to call all such as attept any
thing beyod tlieir reach, iSc the copasse of their knowledg, thinking the worldc to be no
bigger liien the cages wherin they arc brought vp and line. But to returne to Colon. So
hot iV \rget was the siege of (iranada, that they presently grauntcd him his demandc to
seei\e the new lands, & to liring from tlience gold, silucr, pcarles, precious stones, spices, and
such other rich tilings. Tiiey gaue him also the 10. part of all tiic reuenues and customes
due vnto the king, of all such landes as he shoulde discouer, not doiug preiudicc in any
thing to the king of Portugall. the particul.irs of this agreement were made in the towne
called Sancta Fe : &: the priuilege of the rewarde in Granada the xxx. d.iy of Aprill, the
game yeere that citic was won. And whereas the said Catholike princes bad not money
vol!. V. Y present

%■ i'

:' i|

tC:J

' ■ t.:

i ij'

w >

■' »

V I..

1G3

; .i *

t5 i i\

n..

The cnloiir of
the I'ast In.
ttians.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, O/Z/ic name of the Indians.

present to dispatch Colon, Luis of S. Angel, tiie Kings Secretary of nccomptes, lent them
C. Qiientes of Maraz, which in a grosse summe make 16, thoii«ande Diicatcs.

In the scutcheon of armes giticn to Cohimbus by Don Fcrdinando and (iiiccne Isabella,
these verbes were written.

Tor CastcIIa, y por Leon. Niiciio mondo hallo Colon.
For Castile and for Leon.
A newe worldc founde was by Colon.

Wiiy they were cilled Indies.

SOme thinkc that the people of the new world were called Indians, because they are of
the colour of the E;ist Indians. And although (as it sccnieth to me) they di tier much in
colour and fashions, yet it is true, that of India they were called Indians. India is properly
called that great Prouince of Asia, in the whichc great Alexander kept his warres, and wiis
so named of the ryucr Indus : & it is diuided into many kingdomcs confining with the same.
From this great India (called the Fast India) came great co|)anics of men, as writeth He-
rodotus, Sc inhabited that great parte of P^thiopia that lyeth bctweenc the sea Uernuia
(otherwise called the red sea, or the gulfe of Arabia) and the riuer of Nilus: al which re.
gioiis \' great Christian prince Prester lohn doth now possessc. The said Indians prcuaiicd
so much, that they vlterly chaunged the customes and name of that laud, iV called it India:
by reason whereof, Ilthiopia also hath of long tyme bin called India. And hereupon it
came that Aristotle, Seneca, & certayne other old authors sayd, that India was not firre
from Spaine. After this also, of later daycs our West India was so called, of the saide India
of Prcstcr lohn where the Portugalles had their trade: For the Pilot of the Carauell that
was first dryucn by forcible winde to an vnknowne land in the West Ocean, called the same
India, beecause the Portugalles so called such landes as they had lately discoucrcd Fastwardc.
Christopher Cohm also, after the said Pilot, called the West landes by the same name : Albeit
some that take Colonus for an expert Cosmographer, thinkc that he so named them of the
East India, as to be the furthest & vnknowne end fherof, reaching into the West, vnder the
other hemispheric or halfe globe of the earth beneath vs: aflirming that whe he (irst iif-
tcmptcd to discouer the Indies, he went chiefly to seeke the rich Hand of Cipango, wlii( Ii
fallefh on the part of great China or Cathay, as writeth Marcus Paulus \cnctiis, & other : and
that he shouldc sooner come thither by following the course of the Sunne Westwarde, thru

against the same.

Of the colour of the Indians.

0\c of the marueylous things that God vseth in the composition of man, is colour: whit!i
doubtlesse cannot bee considered without great admiration, in holding one to be white, and
another blacke, being colours vtterly contrary : some likewise to be yclow, which isbcfwecm
blacke and white : and other of other colours, as it were of diners liueric<. And as tlu-c
colours are to be marucyled at, euen so is it to be considered, howe they differ one fmni
another, as it were by degrees, forasnnich as some men are white after diners sorts of wliii-
nesse, yelowc after diuers manners of yelow, & blarke after diners sorts of blackenesse : iV
Thrciourrf howc from whitc they goo to yelowc by discolouring to browne ami rcclde, and to blat ke In
ashe colour, and murr)-, somwhat lighter then blacke, and tawny like vnto the West Indian-,
whiche are altogether in generall either purple or tawuv, like vnto sodd Quinces, or of (!;,■
colour of Chesnuttcs or Oliues, whiche colour is to them naiurall : and not l)y their goii;.
naked, as manic hauc thought: albeit their nakctlne^se haue somewhat helped thereiint',
Therefore in like manner, and with such diucrsitie as menne are commonly white in F,uroi)c,
and blacke in AflVike, euen with like varietie are they tawny in tluse Indies, with diners de-
grees diuersly inclining more or lessc to blacke or white. No lesse marueylc is it to < onsidir,
that menne are white in .Siuile and blacke at the cape of Biiena Speran/.a, & of Chesnuiie
colourc at the ryuer of Plata, being all in cquall degrees from the Fquinoctiall Ivnc,

LykewJH',

ihf West In.
dMnt.

Testimo

Lykewis

Torrida)

Mexico,

Augustiii

For in a I

when Va.>

that such

although

deyned it

to declare

in the nal

contrary c

Another t

hayre is n

they baldc

occasions,

nouelties <

PLato ii
nature & I
IlancI, in tii
& inliabii.l
tome of th
Critia, wiio
of the setic:
to a ccrtayi
the riuer, n
in knowledj

thinnjs y W(

or burning;
sayd Hand
flagration
Tliinjjs
our prede(
al adinirati
most aniiqi
iiiniimeral)
.Tiiil .Xsia :
nauigalili-
place tile C
aiiil.Xsia, ,1
the ,s:iyde
Ihesfa:
*^iili out, \v;
named Atl
diiminioii (,
\* hereof \\(
doniin;Uonr-
\n[o (he >e;
inuade both
ii.cn (O.Sn

f^tX "

! Indians.
lent them

E Isabella.

hey arc of
cr much in
Is properly
:s, and was
b the same,
writeth Hc-
ja Dermeia
I which re.
IS prciiailcd
ed it Inilin:
hereupon it
s not f:irre
• saide India
araucll tiwit
[•(1 the same
I liastwardc.
amo : Albeit
them of the
It, vndcr the
("' he lirst ;it-
nip;o, wliii 'i
: other: and
wardc, then

hnir : whit!i

white, and
isbctwc<Mif
nd as tlu'sc
i-r one from
rts (if wli;i-
kenessc : iV
<) blac kc 1)\

est Indian-,
CH, cr <^r t''.i'

thiir poii..
d theri'tmt' .
c ill F.iiropo,
ti) diners ili-

fo considi r,
of Chesiniilc
octiall lync.
Lykcwi-o,

Teslimonic of the West Indies. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 168

Lvkewise, that the men of AfFrike and Asia, that lyue vnder the burnt lync (called Zona
Torrida) are blacke : and not they that lyue beneath, or on this side the same lyne. as in
Mexico. lucatan, Quauhtema, Lian, Nicoragua, Panama, Santa Domingo, Paria, Cape Sainct
Augustine, Lima, Quito, and other landes of Peru, which touch in the same iT.quinoctial.
For'in all the tracte of these coastes, certayne blacke men were founde onely in Quarequa,
when Vaschus Nunnez of Balboa discouered the sea of Sur. By reason wherof it may seeme,
that such varyety of colours proceedeth of man, & not of the earth : which may well be,
although we bee all borne of Adam and liue, and knowe not the cause why God hath sc or- cod$ muiam
deyned it, otherwise then to consider that his diuine maiesty hath don this, as infinite other, J^'^'J^p^^^'^J'
to declare his omnipotency andwisedome, in such diucrsities of colours, as appeare not onely "X,"
in the nature ofmanne, but the like also in beastes, byrdes, and floures, where diuers and
contrary colours arc scene in one litle feather, or the leaiies growing out of one little stalke.
Another thing is also greatly to bee noted, as touching these Indians: and this is, that their
hayre is not ciirld, as is the Moores and Ethiopians that inhabite the same clime : neyther are
they balde, except very seldome, and that but little. All which things may giuc further
occasions, to Philosophers to search the secrets of nature, and complexions of men, with the
nouclties of the iicwc worlde.

A most auncient tcstimonie of the West Indies, by the writing of the diuine

Philosopher Plato.

PLato in his famous and diuin.' Dialogue named Timeus where he ctreatcth of the vniuersal
nature & frame of y whole world, takclli Cor his principle the most auncient hystorie of an
liaiu), ill time of great aiiliquitie, iinmcd Atlilaiitidcs, making also mention of the king, people,
& inliabilats of tlic same : & that they kcj)! warrc against the Athenicns, and were ouer-
coiiic ol tlicm. Plat" also there inducing tlu; said historic to be rehearsed by one named
Critia, who aflirmcd that he had often heard it of his Vndc, who was in ^ time of Solon, one
of the seucM sages of tiic Cireekeui. This Critia declared, that when Solon went into Egypt
(o a f crtayne citty named Saim, situate vpo y' riuer of Nilus, where ^ diuisiu & recurring of
the riuer, maketh the Hand Delta, he there spake with certayne learned pricstes, very skilfull
in knowledge of antiquities of may worldes past. Insomuch jr they made mention of many
tilings y were before the flood of Noe, or Deucalion, & also before the vniuersal conflagratio
or burning of the world in 5' time of Phaeton, forasmuch as the warrs bctwene the people of the
savd Hand of Athlantidcs c^ the Afheiiiens was log before the general flood, & the co'
(iagration aforesayd. Plato induceth the priest, speaking to Solon in maner as followeth.

Things most maruelous & true (() Solon) remayne in auncient writyngs & momorie of
our predocessours, ^c old ages long before our times. But aboue all things, one exceedeth
a! admiration for the greatnesse & >iiiguiaritie thereof, which is this: It is in our records of
iiio^t antiquities, th.il in times past yoiir(ity of Athens hath oftetimcs kept warrs against art
iiimwnerahle multitude of natios which came fro the sea Atlilantike, in maner into al Europe
,niid .\sia : whereas now appcareth no such nation, forasmuch as the sayde sea is now all ouer
iiauigalile ; .\iid yet al that lime had in the mouth, and as it were in the entrie (where you
place ilie Ci)liinines of Hercules) an liande which was sayd to be much greater then all Africa
:inil.\>i;t, ;iik1 that from theme w.'S passage to many otlier Ilandes neerc thereabout, and from
i!ie !.a\cle ilandes to the eontiiieiit or (irme lande, wliicli wa'^ right ouer against it ncrre vnto
the sea: ^'et, that within the mouth, there was a little gulfe, witli a porle : the deepe sea
wiiii out, was t!ie true sea, and tiie lande without was the true continent. Tiiis Ilaiide was
iiained AtlilaMlicle<, a'ul in it was a Kiiige of nuiruelious great power and might, who had the
dominion of tlie sayde Il.uule, and many other, and al«o a great part o{' the continent lande
wherec^l we h.iue spoken, and mu( h more towarde our partes al~o, forasmiieh as they were
dominatoiirs of the liiyrde p.irt of the worlde conteyning Africa, llgypt, and Europe, eiieii
\nio liie ^ea Tirrhenum. The power therefore of them being I'.ien so great, they came to
inuaile both your eountrey and ours, and all other that are williin the Columncs ofHeiTukx
Then (O Solon) the vertuc of your citiv showed it selfe famous in magnanimitic and feate.s

Y M of

' til

%■

idi

?!!

I -F; ;

lit.''*'

.:i

,1,

N'^t I,

I' ■ ' «i

. ill;

t!'

. t..

I ? -

164 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. The Epistle of Peter Martyr.

of armc8, with the asscmblance of the other Grecians, in rcsigtynge their great power, vntyl
you had ciriuen them out of our lands, and restored vs to our liI)orlic. But whortly after that
this enterprine woh atchiued, bcfel a marueylouH p;reat enrtliqnnke, and cxundation or ouerflow-
ing of the sea, which continued for the space of one day and night : In tlie which the earth
opened it selfc, and inghittcd ail those valiant and warlike men, and the sayde Ilamic
Athlantidcs sunke into the bottome of the sea, which was t\w occasion that nener from that
Ivmc forwarde, any shyp coulde saylc that way, by reason of the great mudde and slymc
which remayned of the drowned Ilandc.

This is the summc of those thingcs which oldc Critia saydc lie had vnderstoode of Solon.
And certainely these wordes of Plato of the sayd Hand, hauc caused great contention amoii;;
many great Philosophers, which hauc written commentaries vpon the saydc Dialogue ol
Timcus composed by Plato : Insomuch that the same in those daycs being vttcrly vnknown,
many haue taken this narration of Solon, for an allegoricall fable, and hauc interpreted (he
same in diners senses and meanyngcs. But it may now well appeare the true meaniiii;
hereof to be this, that Plato intending to wrytc of the vniuersal frame of the worlde, the
which he kncwe to be made an habitation for the diuine best man, and also belioldyng therin
the great ornament and beauty of the heauen and starres, whereby man might kiiowe hin
God and creatour, it might scemc to him a tiung to firrc from reason, that onciy two parto>
thereof should be inhabited, and the other part desolate and depriued of men : and that t!u'
Sunnc & starres might secmc to shewe their light onely halfe their course without proliu,
shining only vpon the sea & desolate places, destitute of man i*^ other liuingc creatuiw
And therefore Plato had in great admiration the historye of the saydeEgyi'tian priest, making;
mention of an other part of the world beside Asia, Europe, and Africa, and ih()U!;ht it woorthv
to be rehearsed in the beginning of his diuine Dialogue aforesayde. We ought ihercl'nrc
rerlainely to thinke our selues most bound vnto God, that in these our times it lialh plea^cil
him to reueale and discouer this secrete in the finding of this new worldc, whereby wee an'
certayncly assured, that vnder our Pole starrc, and vn<ler the /E<iuinoctiail line, are pkk;
goodly and ample regions, as well and commodiously inhabited, as are other partes of ilu
worlde best known vnto vs.

The testimonic of the Poet Seneca in his Tragcdic I)c Mcden, whereby the spi-

ritc of Poelicall furie, he saytli. j

Venieiit annis i

Sccula seris, quibus Oceanus !

Vincula rerum laxet, ct ingens ■

Pateat tellus, Typhisque nouos ;

Detegat Orbes, I
Nee sit terris, vltima Thyle.

Which may be thus Englished.

In late yeeres new worldes shilbe founde,
And newe landes shall then appeare in the grounde,
When Tiphis Nauigation new worldes shall fiiulc out,
Thjieiianiiind, Then shall not Thyle for last be left out.

For then shall the Ocean dissoluc his large bandes.
And shewe foorth newe worldes, regions, and landes.

To the most noble prince and catholike King, Charles Peter Martyr of Angleria

wisheth perpetual! felicitic.

THe diuine prouidence, from the time that he first created y world, hath reserucd vnlol! •
iIco"!i?"°' ^"^ ''''^ knowledge of the great & large Ocean sea. In the which tyme he hath opcncil ',
knowue 'iVui.i aainc chicfcly vnto you (most mighty Prince) by 5' good fortune & hapjiy successe ofMiir
*'y- grandfather by your motlicr side. The same prouidence (I know not by what dcstinie) ii.iih

broiiglii

.*)

The Epistle of Peter Martjjr. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

brought mc out of mv natiuc countrcy of Millane, and out of the citlic of Rome (where I
tontinucd ahnost. x.'yeerrH) into Spainc that I might particularly collecte thcHC marucilous
and newe thingcs, which showlde otherwise perhappes haue lien drowned in the whirlcpooic
of obliuion, forasitiurhc as the Spanyardcs (men worthy great commendation ) had only care
to the generall iniicntions of these thingcs. Notwithstanding, I do not chalengc vnto me
only, the thankes of tlic traiiaile bestowed herein, whereas the chiefe rcwardc therof is due
to Ascanius Vicont Cardinal, who pcrceyuing that 1 was willing to depart out of the citty to
bee present at thewarres of Granatum, disswadcd nic from my purpose: But seeing that I
was fully rcsolucd to depart, exhorted and required me to write vnto him such newcs as
were famous in Spainc, & \wrtliy to be noted. I tooke therforc my iourney into Spainc
chiefely for the desire I hadd to sec thcxpcdition which was prepared against the enimies of
the faith, forasmuch as in Italye, by reason of the dissention amongc the Princes, I coulde
findc nothing wherewith I mi-iht fecdc my witte, being a younge man desirous of knowledge
sind experience of thingcs. I was therefore present at the warrcs, from whence I write to
Cardinal! Ascanius, and by sundry Epistles certifycd hi n of such thinges as I tho'i rht most
worthy to bee put in mcmorie. But when 1 perceiued that his fortune, was turned from a
naturall mother to a stcpdame, I ceasscd from writing. Yet after Isawc, that by ouerthrowe
of the enemies of our faith, Spainc was purged of the Moores, as of an cuill weedc plucked
>ppe by the rootcs, least I should bcstowc my slippery yccres in vnprofitable idlenesse, I
was minded to rcturnc to Italic. Rut the singular benignitic of both the Cafholike king
and quecne now departed : and their large promises towarde mce vppon my rcturne from
n>y legacie of Babylon deteyncd me from my purpose. Yet doth it not repent me that I
drew backemy foot, .aswell for that I see in no other place of the worlde at this time the like
woorthie things f(» bee done: as also that in manner throughout Italic, by reason of the dis-
cordcofChriitian IVinccs, I perceiued all thingcs to runne headlong into mine, thecountrycs
to bee destroyed and made fatfc with hinnane blood, the Ciitios sacked, \irgins and matrones
with their goods and possessions rarryed away as Captiues, and miserable innocents without
oHence to bee slayiie vnarmed within their ownc houses. Of the which calamities, I did not
onely hcare the lamentable outiryes, but «lid also fcclc the same : For euen the blonde of
mine ownc kinsfolkes and friendes, w.as not free from that crucltic. As I was therefore mus-
ing with my selfe of these thinyes, the Cardinall of Arragone, after that he had scene the
two tirst bookes of my Decades written to Ascanius, required mce in the name of king Fre-
derikchis vncle, to put foorth the otiicr eyght epistle bookes. In the meane time also, while
I was voyde of all cares .ts touching the matters of the Ocean, the Apostolicall messengers
of the bishop of Home, Leo the tenth (by whose hnlsome counsayle and authority we trust
the calamities of Italic shall bee hnishcd) raysed mce as it were from sleepc, and encoragcd
me to proceed as I h.ad begun. To his holinesse I write two Decades, compryscd in short
bookes, alter the maner of epistles, and added them to the first, which was printed without
mine ailuice, as shall further appcare by the preface following. But nowe I returne to yon
(most noble Prince) from whom I haue somewhat digressed. Therefore wheras your grad-
fathers bv your mothers side, haue subdued al Spainc vnder your dominio, except only one
corner of the same, and haue also left you tlie kingdome of Naples, with the friiitfull llandes
t)f our seas, it is surely :i i;reat thing and worthy to bee noted in our Cronides. But not of-
fending the reucrenre due to our predeccssours, whatsocuer from the beginning of the world
hath becne done or writien to this day, to my iud;^ement seemeth but little, if wee consider
what new landes and countreys, what newe seas, what sundry nations and tongues, what golde
myncs, what treasuries of pearles they haue left vnto your highnesse, beside other rcuenues.
Tiie which, what they are, ami howc great, these three Decades shall declare. Come there-
fore most noi)lc Prince elected of God, and enioy that high estate of thinges not yet vn-
derstood to men. We oiler vnto you the F.quinoctiall lyne hitherto vnknowne, and burnt
by the furious heate of the sunne, and vnhabitable after the opinion of the olde writers, a
few excepted : but nowe Ibunde to bee most replenisshed with people, faire, fruitfull, and
most fortunate, with a thousand llandes crowned with goldc and beautiful! pearles, besides

that

165

Cinlinal A^o

niiii.

'V\\c wines ^t

Oriiiatiim

.i;*tii)iit tlis

Moutci.

luV\r disquietrd
with w.ir.

Thi" ic(|ut-lcsuf
warre.

King Frcdcrikr.

Sp^ilne suhJiieil
from the
Miwres.
The kinsJjtn of

Th? tcmper.itnpj
of the I'.qiriioi-
li.il viiknnwiir to
the ulJc wiitris.

I y.

tnl

t: I

t.l

..I

Continrnt or
Armr l.itid ^*
hi^^r »% (lirre
Ku ropi**.
Kichct .irr tli«
instrununti of
#1)1)411 e»U' I.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The Epistle of Peter Marhjr.

thnt proatc portion of earth nuppoded to be part of the firme lande, exceeding in qiiantiiii>
three Eiirnpcs. Come tlicrforc aiul cmbra'<c tins new world, and suHcr v» no lon^rcr to con-
sume in desire of your presence. From iience, from hence I say (most noble young Prince)
shall intitrumentcs bre ])rcpared you, whereby nil the world shall be vndcr your obeynanrp.
And thus I bid your Muiostie farewell : to whose tast if I shall perceiuc the fruitei* of thii
mv tyllage to bcc delectable, I will hereafter doe my cndeuour that you may rcreiue the
snine nmrc abundantly. Trom Miulricl, the day before the Calends of October, In the yccre
i.fChri.-^t, i:>I(}.

If fi

^ k

: 'S

; .!

if! !(

«!-'

I III'.

i >

T — ^i. ,j>

THE

FYRST BOOKE

OF TUB

DECADES OF THE OCEAN.

WRITTtV BY

I'ETI'Il >IARTVIl OF ANGLEUIA MILE NOES,

COL'NSAYI.KIl TO TIIK KYNG 01' SPAINK,

AND

pnoroNorAUu; a pom oi.it all to ascaxils si'iioiu ia, vicdini' caudinal, ti*.

"^He rcucrcndc and tliankful! antiqiiiiic was acciistomeil to cstcomc those mrnnc as God-i, The rtwardrf
by wliD-ic industrii" and nKiniianiniitio such landcs and rcirionx wcrt' discouercd, as*""'"
were vnkiidwiic to tlu-ir Picilc( i>ismirs. Hut vnto vs, hailing oncly one God, whom wee
honour in tripiiritie of piTson, tiiis rcstctii, that alhcit wc do not worsiiip that i^iiid of mm
with diiiine honour, yet wee doc rciicrcncc liicm, and worthily inarueilo at their noble
actes and enterprises. Vnto kinjjcs and princes wee j;iuc tliie oheysance, by whose goucrn-
ance and furtherance they haue been ayded to performe tlieir attemjjts : we commend both
and for their iust dcsertcs worthily i-xtoll them. Wherefore, as concerning the Islandes of
the west Ocean, lately discoucred, and of the authour-; of the same (which thing you desire''"'"'!''"''"''"
by your letters to know) I will begin at the fir>.t author thereof least I bee iniurious to any ' ' ^^ '"""»"•
man. Take it therefore as followcfh.

Christophorus Colovus (otherwise called Columbus) a gentle man of Italie, borne in the Chriitorhoni*
citie of Genua, perswaded Fernando and Elizabeth, calholike princes, that he doubted not '■"'°"'*
to find ccrtainc llandcs of India, nccre vnto our Ocean sea, if they woiilde furnish him with indii.
shippcs and other thingcs appcrtcyning : alTirming that thereby not onely the Christian re-
ligion might be enlarged, but Spaine also enriched by the great plentie of gold, pearles,
precious stones, and spices, which might be found there. At the length three shippes were
a|)poynted him at the kingi's charges : of the whicli one was a great caracie with deckes, and
the other two were light man hant shijjjjcs without <leckcs, which the Spanvardes call Cara-
uelas. Thus hee departed from the coastes of Spaine about the calcndes of September, in
the yeerc of Christe. 1492. and set forwarde on his voyage, being accompanied with CC.xx. riif j^i^t »>n ;e
Spanyardes. The fortunate llandes (as manic thinke them to be which the Spanyardcs call "' """'
Canariac, found but ol late dayes) are distant from the Hands of Gades a thousande and two ']'""/'""'''■
hundreth myles, according to their accomptcs, for they say they are distant three hundred aidJuM

leagues -.C'''""'''

l1'

VOYACr.S, NAUIOATIONS,

ThefiU Derail-

I ;

V *

m .,

' r-'

lUnil;

Ci|<a VtiJ.

<liiril (III lljn.ll

A i»i«»'. »•'« Imbues : wliprcK surh a<i arc rxjifrt xra men, allirmc tl>;>f nipry Ii'a;;np mnU-incih riiiuv

iij„ni<iiifihi7 ,„y|j.^^ ,,c,pr ,|„.jr ,,|j,|„it;iii()iiM. Thi'«' Ihiiulctt wore r:illr(l lortiinnlr, Cor the u«m|v nt,.

The ruiiuiui. a) re whirh is in ilirni. Fur neitlier tlie ( dldiie^e ol" winter is sliaroo vnio them, ii.ir ilii>

heafe of «ominer intollcraMe. Vet Nome men arc of opinion, that tlunc wore in old limc

called the lnrliMtale Ilandes, whicli ihe Pnrtiigale'* call Ca|i(i Verde. Cnlonii'* therefore Mylcil

/irxt to the Ilandex of Caiiari.e, to the intent there to rcirixh his shippcs with fre-h water and

rucll, before he eonunilleil hiinsclfe to liii^ so luboroiis a voia-^e. And hicaii-.e I hauc hearc

nia<le mention of the linnde't of Canariie, it shall not be mmh from my purpose, to dediiro

lidue of \nkiHiwiie they beiame knowne, and of sanage and wilile, better mannered: I'nr

bv the iongconrse of many yeeres they were r()r;;otten, and remained as vnkiiuwcn.

rh» 7- iiniJt "f These senen Ilandes (ihcrefure) railed the Cannrie-, \wrf found by < haunce by a I'rendi

lii'uiu'' • » '""" <allid, 111 i.uiehor by the ptrniission of (pieene Kitliarine, pr.'teetrive of kimj b)hn her

itrnoiM.nn >uh. ^,,ii, uhili- he was ycl in his n(ina!j;e, al)ont the ^eere of ('hri>l nO.'». This lielaiu lior in.

nadcd two of ihe^e Ilandes ealled l,;in(i lotus \- I'orlisiuMiliira, which he inhabiled and

broils;!)! t > beiiir ( nliiiie, lie bein^; dead, his sonne ami hcire soldc both the hayd llaiidis

to ecrlaine S|)anyardes.

After this, laMiandns I'eraria and his wife, imi.aded Terrca anil Clemera. The other thrr^
were siibdmd in our time, (iraneanari i, by I'eiriis de \'era, citi/en of the tiobji- t iiie i.j
Xirii iiim, and MidiacI of Mo\iia. I'l.ima and Tenerifen, by AlpIion«us laiuo, at the kiiix(<
charges. (iouKraand I'errea were easily subdued : Hut the malliTwent Inrde with .MplioiHu,
Ai)OionHiil.i;... I.uj;o. For that naked and wildc nation, ll<(htinn oiu K with stones ami ( iid)l)i s, dr'nu- lii<
armie to lii^ht at the first ax'>ault,and slue alxmt loure hiiixired oi his men: but at the length
lue oiiireame them. And thus all the Ilandes of Canari.e were added to the dominion i !
Spaine. I'rom these Ilandes Cidonus directiiif; his voya.;e to\Narde the West, following ii,(;
fil.ini; of ihc sniine, but deelininj; sc)ine\>hat towarde the left hand, snvled on forwaril xxsii;
da)e- conlinually, hauin;; onel) tlie fruition cd' the heauen ami the water. 'I'hen the Spi-
n]iardes which win- aei (impaired with him, bejianne first to inurmure serrellv amoiii; theni-
rui,iiiu«m,n selues, and shortlv after with wonnles nf nproih -p. ike »uill <d' C'ldonus their nouernonr,
"'"'•S"""'' "'• and con«ulled with tlieniselues, c\ihcr ior\ilde him out of the way, or els to cist him iiity
the sea : ra^ini; that lhe\ were deceiued of a siranyer, an oiitl.indish man, a l.imirian, a (iemii.,
and broujjht into such dann'^croiis j)laces, that liny miylil iieiier retnrne a^Mine, And alif:
xxxiii. daves were past, they furiously cr\ed out a;;ainst him, and ihreatned him that lir
should p:isse no further. But hee euer with gentle wordes .ind larjjc promises, a|)pea-ti|
their fur\, and prolonjjed day after day, sumetime desiriu); them to bearc with him \e| ,i
while, and sometime putting; them in remembrance tlial if they Nhotilde attempt any tiiin^
against him, or otherwise disidiey him, it would be reputed for treason. Thus after a few
(hiyes, with (hearefull hearts they espied the laiidc lonj; loiked for. In this (irst naiiijjatidi'
lie discoucred \i. Ilandes, whereof two were exceediiifi j^reat : Of which, the cmc he calli'l
llispaiiiol.-i, and the other lohanna. lUit at that time hee knewc not perfectly that lohanr.i
(otherwise called Cuba) was an Ilamle. As they eoast«'d aloiiij bv the shore of rertaine ( i
n| these Ilandes, iIh-v liearde Ninhtinj;ales sins; in the thii ke woodes in the monetli of Noiieni-
ber. They found also j;reat riiicrs of fressiie water, and inturall hauetis, <>(' capariiie i .
harbour ^re.it nauies of sliippcs, Saylin;' by the coasies td' loh.inna, from the Norlii pii\i;
to the West, hee rode linle lessp then <'i!;lit hnndred miles (for tliey cal it a hundnd ,v
(niiresdire lea;;ues) siippusini; that it had been the « onlinent or lirme land, becaii-e Ik
ciiulde neither find the landcs end, nor any token of the end, as farre as he «oiil(| inch
with his e\e : w'lierefure he determined to turne bai kc aijaine, bein;; partly thereto cnr.ri. ;
b\ the roimdnesse of the sea, for the se.i bankes of the II. mile of lohaiina, l)y smm .:,
w \ ndiii'^e- and liirninues, bende them selues «() much toward the Norlh, that the North Nor; ■
<a-l wind roiii>|ily to-sed the sh\ ps by reason of the winter. Turning therfnre the ^lennri.
of his shippes towarde the Fast, hee allirmed that he had foniid the Hand of OpI r, whiiiur
.Solomons ships sayled for };old. IJiit the description uf the CosmographerH well i diisidern!,
Imiil'"'"'''^ ii sccmeih that both these, and the other Hands adioyning, are the Hands of Antilia. Tli-

Hiipaniul.1,
luti«nni.

in Kuucmbcr.

Ochif.

'-ll» It

The, fir St Deeath',

TRAFFIQUrs, AND DlSCOUr.Uir.S.

169

Ilnnd he r.ilird Ilinpanioln, on whose North »ti<le a« hcc .ipijrochctl nrcre to |hp llmul, the
kreic or l)offome of the l)i;;ncnt vchhcII ranne vpon n blind nukr coucrfd with waitr, und A ihi|>*rMk«.
rioiic in »undcr: Imt ihe |)lainenc!«<c of the rotkc w;w u htipe lo ihrm that thpy were m.t
drowned. Makin^^ hast therefore with the other two shiin to helpe them, thry l)ri)iinht away
all the men without hurt. Ilecre rotnniins' first al.wul, they wwe rerlaine men of the liande, ,', ';',[';']''• "'
who perreiiiin;; an vnknowen nation ciimminK toward them. Hocl'.cd together, and ranne ail
into the thitkc wooden, an it had bin hares rourned with jjreyhoundes. Our men piir-,iiiiin N4k.ar»niic,
them, tooke onelv one woman, whom they brought lo the shipM : where filling her with me.itc
and wine, and apparelling her, they let her depart to her companie. Shortly alter a grc it
multitude of them came running to the nhore to behohl thin new nation, whom they thought
to haue (leseeiided from heauen. They <'ast themHeliiei l)y hca|)s into the sea, & eainc hwiin- i'<i'ii i«im-
miiig to the shippei, bringing gold with them, which they ehauiiged with our men for earthen "]l"i'f,, ,ai,h
potten, drinking glasses, jioyntcs pinncs, hawkes bcis, looking glasses, & such otjicr tritles. ami jLim,
Thus growing to further fainiliaritie, our men were honorably entertained of the king of that
part of the Had, whose name was (iuaeranarilhis: for it hath inany kings, as when .Kneas Mjnyi»i"j'.
arriiied in Italie, he found I.atium diuided into many kingdflsand prouinees, as Latium, Me-
zeiitiiim, Tiirniim, and Tarchontem, which were separated with narrow bounds, as shall more
largly appeare hereafter. At the euen fide al)oiit the falling of the Sun, when onr men went
to prayer, and kneeled on their knees after the; maner of the Christians, they did the like
also. And after what manner "^oeuer thev sawe them pray to the erossc, they followed them R'Hf i«» «" i
in all poyntes as well as they cmildc. They shewed much humanitie towards our men, and """"l""!'-
helped them with llieir lighters or smil boats (which they call Caiioas to vnladc their broken Cmau,
shippe, and that with such eeleritie and cheerefulnesse, that no friende for friend, or kinsc-
man lor kinsman, in sue h ease moued with pilie, eoiiUlc <!oe more. Their boates arc made
only of one free, made holow with a eertaine sharpe stone (for ihey liauc no yroii) and are MHiiyb.
very long and narrow. Many allirme that they haue seenc some of them with fortic ores. ,'„!','*'"'""*
The wilde & mischieiious people called ('anibales, or Caribes, which were accustocd to eate t-'iiiih..ifi, or
mans fleih (iV called of the nlde writers, Anthro|)ophagi) molest them exceedingly, inuad- A'wii"|'..rh45i.
ing their countrey, taking them captiue, killing & eating ihcm. As our men say fed to the
Ilandes of these meekc and humane people, they left the Hands of the Canibales, in maner
in the middcst of their voyage towardc the South. They complained that their Ilfids were no-
lessc vexed with the incursios of these manhunting Canibales when they go forth a rouing Thf cru.ity of
to seeke their pray, then arc other tame beasts, of I.yds and Tigers. Such children as they •'" i--""''''"-
take, they geld to make iheni fat as we doc cocke chiekings and young hogges, and eate
them when they arc wel fedde : of such as they eate, they first eaie the intrallcs and extreme
partes, as hands, feel, amies, necke, and head. The other mo^t fleshye partes, they ponder
for store, as we do pc^tels of porke, and gammondes of bakon : yet doe thev absteync from
eating of women, and count it \ile. Therfore such young women as they take, they keepc
for increase, as we do hens to leye egges : the olde womenne, thev inakc Ihcir drudges.
They of the Ilandes (which we may nowe call ours) both the men and the women, wlien
they pcneiue theCaniljales ciiming, haue none other shift but onely to flee: for although
they vse vcrv sharjie arrowes made i f reedes, yet arc they of small force to represse the furv
(if the Canii)ales : for euen tiicy tlifselues confessc, that ten of the Canibales are able |(»
(uirrcome a hundred of them if they encounter with them. Their meate is a eertaine roote,
which ihey call .\v.es, much like a nauewe roote in forme and greatnessc, but of sweete last. Age
niiK h liki- a greeiie chestnutc. They haue also another kinde of roites, which they call '*"""".''"''"■
Iiina, whereof thev make breade in like manner. Tiiey vse .\ges more often rosted or Ko. " ™"'
Kodden, then to make breade thereof, lint they neuer eate hicea, except it be first sliced "'"'''''■ '""''•
and presNcd (for it is full of licoiire) and then baked or sodden. Dul this is to bee marueilcd
at, that liic iuyce of this roote is a poyson as strong as Aconitum. so that if it be drunke, it .\„i„.„i,.„r
causeih present death, and yet the bread made of the masse thereof, is of good last and hoi- >'""ic "luif.
some. .Ts they all haue prooucd. They make also another kind of bread of a ccrt..iiie pulse,
called Panicuin. much like vnto whcito, whereof is great plentic in the Dukedoinc of .Mil- -Mai.iuni.
VOL. V. Z la,H.,

i f

'Mv

,1 I

r-f

it '
It ('

^'1 ' -i

I! . r -

170 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The first Decade,

lane, Spainc, and Cranatiim. But that of this Countrey k longer by a spanne, somewhat
sharpe tovsarde the cndc, and as bigge as a mans armc in the brawne : the graines whereof
are set in a marueylous order, and are in forme somewhat like a Pease. While they be sonre
and vnripe, they arc white, but when they are ripe they be very blacke, when they are broken
thev are whiter then snowe: this kindc of graine they call Mazium. Ciolde is of some esti-
mation amop" tliem : for some of them hang ccrtaine small pceccs thereof at their eares and
noselhrvlles. A little bcyondc this place our men went a lande for fresh water, where they
chauiu'cd vpon a riuer, whose sande was niyred with mucii golde. They found there nii
kiiulo of foure footed bcastcs, except three kindc of little conies. These llnndes also nou-

SerpciiH without pj^], scrpcnts, but such as are without hurt. Likewise wililc :;rese, turtle doucs, and duckcs.
much greater tJicn ours, and as white as swannes, with heads of purple colour. Also Popi
i;ives, of the which some arc grecno, some yelowe, & some like them of India, with yelowt
riiigC'i about their ntckes, as Plinie describcth them. Of these they brought fourtie with
tlicm, of most liuely and delectable colours, hauing their feathers enterininglcd with greenr,
ycIowc. and purple, which varietie delightcth the sense not a little. Thus much thought I
good to spcake of Popiniayes (ri;(ht noble prince) specially to this intent, that albeit
the oj)inion of Christophorus Colonus (who ailirmeth these Ilandes to be part of India)
doth not in all poyntes agree with the iudgemcnt of auncient writers as touching the
bigne-ise of the Sphere and compasse of the Globe, as concerning the nauigable portion
of the same being viider vs, yet the Popiniayes and many other thingcs brought from ihcnce,
due declare that these Ilandes sauour somewhat of India, eythcr being neare vnt() it, or ckc
of the same nature : for asmuch as Aristotle also, about tiie eiule of his booke de Crelo iV
Mund'- and likewise Seneca, with diners othcrauthours not ignorant inCosmographie, do allirnic
tha» tia is no long tracte by sea, distant from Spaine by the West Ocean, lor the soyle (1
thes ilandes bringeth forth Slastyx, Aloes, and sundry other swcete guninics and spices, ,h
doth India, Cotton also of the Gossampinc tree, as in India in the countrey of the people
called Seres.

The languages of all the nations of these Ilandes, may well bee written with our I.atiiie

ThTiinsuagc of letters. For they call heaucn Turei. A house, Hoa (iolde, Cauni. A go<id man, Taino.

thfse Iiidi.uis-

Trees A fruits
boit'iovvn to \!:

CotJc incMmi'
tiun.

Cold in tlie
sjitdesuf riuct:

Turtle Hluu
Umkt!.
I'oiiiiiiayes.
Fliilic.

These n.imlcs
atf y.wl oi InJia
Tht' Iiulun» are

AlUMKHili to

the S^>iiiiyjirJes.

Aristi'iK-
Seneca.

Iitdia luu fane

fruni Spaiiit.

Alastyi.

Aloe.

<.;os.<ani|'i:ic

I'ottoii or boni-

hase.

F.it anJ moysl

gro'.-.nd.

Hr..te cnnlinual

.\ Iil.ilirl.ite.

■file iKiilefui

nes5e

niuli.

Nothing, Maiani. All other words of their languairea, they pronounce a-* plainly as we di e
the I.atine tongue. In these Ilandes they found no trees knowne vnto them, but Pine apple
trcen, and Date trees, and thote of marueilous height, and exceeding harde, by reasun i .'
the great moystnesse and fatnessc of the groinide, with continuall and temperate lieate ofihi-
Sunne, which endureth so all the whole yeere. They plainelv aflirme the Hand of Hispa-iiol.i
to be the most fruitefull lande that the heauen compasseth about, as shall most plainelv rip.
ofHiV-'- P''''""f hereafter in the particular description of the same, which wee inten<l lofct forth when
wee shall bee better instructed. Thus making a league of friendship with the king, and
leaning wit!) him xxxviii. men to search the Ilande, he departed to Spaine, takini^ with him
fcnne of the inhabiiantes to learne the Spanish tongue, to the intent to vse them afterwnrj
lor interprefours. Coloinis therefore at his returiie was honourably receiued of the King and
(iueene, who caused him to sit in their presence, which is a token of great huic and honour
among the Spanyardcs. lice was also made .Admiral of the Ocean, and his brother gouer-
nour of the Iland.
The tec i:id vov- Toward the second voyage he was furni«ihtd with xvii. ships whereof three were great e.i-
•je cf Coiiniat. |.jjj,jpj. ,,p ^ thousande tunne, xii. wore of that sort which the Spanyards call Carauelas, with-
out dcckes, and two other of the same sort somewhat bigger, and more apt to be.irc di'ikt-
by reason of the greatnesse of their mastes. Mce had also a thousande and two liimilnd
armed footcmcn wcl appoyntcd : among which were many artificers, as smyihes, C"arpcMiir\
myners, and such other, ccrtaine horsemen also, well armed : Lvkcwyse mares, shcepe.
heyghfers, and such other of both kiiides for increase : Likewise ail kiiuie of pulse, or gr:ivt;i
and cnrne, as wheate, barlcv, r\ e, beanes, and |)ease, and such otiier, .aswell for footle .i^ i
sowe : beside vines, plantes, and sccdes, of such trees, frnites, and heai'e-i, as those (oni,-
treyes lacke, and (not to bee forgotten) sundry kindes of artylleric and iron toolcs, as Ixmev

arrowe>,

Come .^ leeds
Ifj xi»e.

'1'o.ilfs aud ar-
ryllcric.

'4-f

' '(

•St Decade,

somewhat
es whereof
ey be soiirc
are broken
some esti-
ir earcs and
where thoY
d there iiu
s also Holl-
and diu'krs
Also Pojii
with yelowL-
fourtie with
with grcene,
h thought 1
, that all)cit
irt of India)
onchin}; the
able jjortinn
from thence,
ltd it, or eUc
• de Ceelo A:
lie.doalhnnc
■ the soyie dl
iiid spices, :i-
f the people

h «inr Latinc
niiin, Taiiiii.
nlv as we (i> o
lit Fine apple
, liy reason ( ."
te lieate of the

of Hispa'iinl.i
t plainely np-
iCt forth when
the king, and
kin<; with liiui
lem afterward
f the Kins; aiu!
lie and honour
hrother wwr-

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEHIES.

171

I
.1

The first Decade.

arrowcs, crosbowes, billes. hargabusses, broade swordes, large target fcs, pykcs, mattnckes,

shoiielles, hammers, nayles, sawes, axes, and such other. Thus beeing furnished accordingly,

they set forward from the Ilandes of Gades (now called Cales) the scuenth day before the

Calendes of October, in the yeere of Christ. H93. & arriued at the Ilandes of Canarifc at

the Calendes of October : Of These Ilandes, the last is called Ferrca, in which there is no

other water that may bedrunke, but onely that is gathered of the deawc, which continually WattrdmivinR

di^tillclh from one onely tree, growing on the highcsfbanke of the Hand, and faileth into[[,;;„",„y'«'^'"-

a rounde trench made with mans hande : wee were cnfourmed of these thinges within fcwe

daves after his departure: What shall succeede, we will certilie you hereafter. Thus fare ye

well, from the courte, at the Ides of Nouember, HW.

The scconde bookc of the first Decade, to Ascanius Sphorcia, Vicount Cardinal. &c.

YOu repcatc (right honourable prince) that you are desirous to knowe what newes wee
haue inSpainc from the newe worlde, and that those things haue greatly delighted you which
I wrote vnto your highuesse of the first Nauigation : You shall nowe therefore receiue what
hath succeeded. Methymna Campi, is a famous towne in high Spayne, in re.spcct from you, Methymm
and is in that parte of Spayne which is called Castella Vetus, beeing distant from Gades ^.,3^ y,,^,,
about, xl. mylcs. Ileerc the court remained, when about the ix. of the Calendes of Aprill, Oadei.
in this yeere of ninetie and foure, there were postes sent to the king and queene, certifying,
them that there were twelue shippes come from the newe Hands, and arriued at Gades : but
the goiiernoiir of the shippes sent word to the king and queene, that hee hadde none other
matter lo certifie them of by the postes, but onely that the Admiral! with fine .shippes, and
foiirescore and ten men remained still in Hispaniola to search the secrete* of the Hande,
and that as touching other matters, hee himsclfe would shortly make relation in their pre-
sence by woorde of mouth : therefore the day before the Nones of April, hee came to the
court himsclfe. What I learned of him, and other fnithfiill and credible men, which came
with him from the .\dinirall, I will rehearse vnto you, in such order as they declared the same
to mee, when I demanded them : take it therefore as foloweth. The third day of the Ides of
October, departing from Ferrea, tiie last of the Ilandes of Canariaf, and from the coastesof'r'" ""'•'''
Spaine, with a Nauie of seuenteene slupjics, they sayled xxi. daies before they came to any ^''""'
lande, inclining of purpose more towarde the left hande then at the first voyage, following
the North Northe.ist winde, & arriued firet at the Ilandes of the Canibalcs or Caribe.s, of which Hmds of the
onely the fame was knowne to our men. Among these, thev chaunced first vpon one, so '-"*'"''^'"-
beset with trees, that they could not see so much :is an elle space of bare earth or stonic
ground, this they called Dominica, because they found it on the Sunday. Thry t.iried here Tie Umdof
no time, because they saw it to be desert. In the space of these xxi. daies, they thinke '^°"""'>^''
that they sayled eight hundred & xx. leagues, the North Northeast winde was so "full with
ihcm, and so freshly followed the sterne of their ship-i. After they had sayled a litle fni-
ther, they espied tliuers Ilandes replenisshed with Mindry kindes of trees, from the which
rame fragrant sauoures of spices and sweete gummcs: here they sawe neythtr manne nor
beast, except certainc Lysartes of huge bignessc, as they reported which went a land to view i.yi,rt«.
the coiintrcy. This Hand they called Galana or Galalita: from the cape or poynt of this rhMUdcf
Hand, espying a mountaine farre of, they sayled thither. About, xxx. mvles' from this '^''"""■
mnuiii.iinc, fliiy sawe a riuer descending, which seemed to be a token ,if some great and
large (iood. fhis is the first lande which they found inhabited from the Hands of^t^inari*. Th^ nmd^r
rind is an Hande of flie ("anibalcs, as they learned by the interpretours wliich iliev tookc with •-• '-"I'lufJ-
ihem from Hispaniola into Spaine at their first voyage. Searching the Hande,' they found
inniimiTai)le villages of xx. houses, or .'{0. at the most set round about in order, making the v,:ia-,,.f,x.or
sircctr in compas^e like a market place. And forasmuch as I haue m.idc mention nl' their ''"•'^"''"-
liou-cs it sJKii not be greatly from my purpose to describe in what manner ihev ar<- biiiklal:
They are made round like belles or round pa-iilions. Their frame is ravsod of oxccciliii- n»- h„iMm. or
lii^h frees, set il<i<e together, and fast rampaired in the ground, so standing .Tijojio, .,|„] 'I'tiihouic..'
''••nding inward, that llie topiies of the trees ioyne together, and bearr one ajiinst .uiothcr,

'' * iiaiiinu

li,^

•%l

■■»> %,

172

VOYAGKS, NAUIGATIONS,

Tlie first Decndr.

in-

. I

f .

D
f'

¥i

Oossaropine
cotton*

Botnbase.
Hanging beds.

Imajfs,

Fine cookeric.

Arrowlieades of
homes.

Tlif mrui-.t

GuiJ.<lti[IU9.

Canicueriu.

Pppini.iyt ^
bigg-r tilt t\
l'.';t&jntr..

The Car.lh.-iU
dnut to flight.

MalinJDO a'-i
llindcc'f woir.eii.

liauing also within the house certain strong and short proppes or posts which susteyne the
trees froin falling. They couer them wilh the leaucs of date trees, and other trees strongly
compact and hardened, wherwith they make them close from winde and weather. At the
shorte posts or proppes within the house, they tie ropes of the cotton of gossampinc trees,
or other ropes made of ccrtainc long & rough roots, much like vnto the shrubbe called
Shartum, whcrof in old time they vsed to make bands for vines, and gables and ropes for
shippes. These they tye ouerthwart the house from post to post, on these they lay as it were
certaine matresses made of the cotton of gossampine trees, which growe plentifully in these
Ilandc.>i. This cotton the Spanyards call Algodon, and the Italians Bombasine : and thus
they slccpe in hanging beddes. At the entrance of one of their houses, they f^awe two
linage.^ of woode like vnto scrpcntes, which they thought h:id bccne such idoles as they ho-
nour ; but they learned aftcrwardc that they were set there oncly for comeline.ssc, for thev
know none other God then thesunne & moone, although they make certaine images of gos-
sampine cotton to the similitude of such phantasies as they .say appcare to them in the night.
Our men found in their houses, all kinds of earthen vessels, not much vnlike vnto ours. They
found also in their kytchens, mans flesh, duckes flesh, & goose flesh, all in one pot, and other
on the spits rcidy to be layd to the fire. Entring into their inner lodgingc-s they founde
faggottcs of the bones of mens armes and legge.s, which they rcserue to make heades for
their Arrowes, because they Incke iron, the other b(.nes they cast away when they haiic
eaten the flo-h. They found likewise the head of a )ong man fastened to a post, and yet
bleeding. They haue in some villages, one great hall or palhice, about the which their
common houses arc placed. To this they resort, as often as they come together to pla\.
When they perceiued the comming of our men, they fledde. In their houses they founde
also aboue thirtie children captiue.s which i.ere reserued to bee eaten, but our men tuoke
them away to v-^e them for interpreters. Searching more diligently the inner |)arls of the
Uaiidc, they found seucn other riuers, bigger then this which wee spake of before, nmniiij;
through tiie liande, with fruitefull and jilcasant b.niikcs, delectable to beholde. This Ilande
they callcil Guadaluiiea, for the similitude that it halli to the moiit (Juadalui)us in Spayni',
where the iniaiic of the virginc Marie is religiously honoinrd, but the iiihabiiantes tail it
{'arucueria, or Queraquicra : Ft is the chicfc habitatid ol' the Canibales. They brought fnnn
this Hand vii. Popiniaves, l)igc;er then Phcsniifes, much difleryng from other in cohnir,
hauing thi'ir backes, brestes, and l)cllies of pur|)le colour, aiul their winges of other \ariahlc
colours: in all these Hands is no lesse plentie of Pupvniave-i, then with vs of sparrowcs t^r
'■tarclin^es. As wee bring vp capons and hennes to Iranke ami make them fat, so do tlun
tiiesc bigger kindes of Popiniaves fur the same purpose. Alter that they had thus searched
the Hand, and driuen these Canibales to flight ( which ran away at their (irst approche, ;n
soone as thrv had espyc'l them ) thcv called their rompanie together, and as sotuie as tlu
hadde brokcti the ("anihalcs boalcs or li-^htcr- i^which the\ iall('an()a>) they loosed tlieir
ankers the (la\ liel'ore the Ides of N'ouembcr, and departed Inini duadaliipea. Coloniis lin-
Admiral, (or tiie desire he had to see his companions, which at hi« !irst sovage he left ilii'
yeere beftire in Ilispaniola to search the countrv, let passe manv Hands both on his rii;li[
hand, iV left haiule, and savled directly thyther. I?v the wav there appeared Inm the North
a great Hand, which the captiuos that were taken in ilis|)anioi.i. lalled .Madanino. ir .Matiniim,
aflirming it to be inhabited onlv with women, to whom the Caiiihale-; luiiu- at » esse at ttr-
taine times of the veere, as in old time the Thrariaiis I adde to the Am.i/.niies in tlie llaiiii
of Lesbos : the m"n chiklren they senile to their fathers, but the women tliey keepe \mi!;
themselues. Thev haue great and •-irong caues or deiuies in llie grouiule, to the which tiic
flee for safegard if any men ie.-orte vnto them at anv other time then is appovnted, .uui
there defcnde themselues with bowes and arrowe^^, ai;ain-.t the violence of such as attfiii|i'
to inuadc them. They coulde not at this t.ne ajjprot he lo this Ilantle bv rea>-on f)f the N'oriii
Northeast winde, which blewe so vehemently from the same, whereas thev nowe followed t' c
Mast Southeast. Alter they d«parfe<l from .Madanino, and sa\ led by the space ot \\. myle«,
they passed not farre from an other Ilande which the eaj)liues sa)de to bee very populmiv,

The first Decade. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

and replenished with all thinges necessarie for the life of man. This they called Moiis
Serratus, because it was full of mountaines. The captiiics further declared, that the Cani-
bales are woont at sometime to goe from their owne coastes aboue a thousande myles to
hunt for men. The day following they sawe another Ilande, the which beecause it \\as
rounde, they called Sancta Maria Rotunda. The next day, they found another, which they
called 3. Martini, which fhey let passe also, because they had no leasure to tarry. Likewise
the thirde day they espied another, whose Diametral side, extending from the East to the
West, they iudged to be a hundred & fiftic myle. They affirme all these Ilandes to be mar-
uelous faire and fruiteful! : This last, ihey called Sancta Maria Antiqua. Sayling forwarde,
and leaning many other Ilandes. after they had sayled about fortie myles, they chaunced
vpon another, much bigger then any of the rest, which the inhabitants call Ay Ay, but
they named it Insula cnicis: Here they cast anker to fetch fresh water. Tlie Admirall also
commanded xxx. men to goe aland out of his owne ship, and to search the Ilande : Here
they found foure dogges on the shore. The inhabitantes are Canibales, and maruelous expert
in shooting, aswell women as men, and vse to infect their arrowes with poison. When they
had taried there two dayes, they sawe a fane of a Canoa, in the which were eight men,
and as manic women, hauing with them bowcs and arrowes. They fiercely assayled our
menne without all fe.ire, and hurt some of them with their venemous arrowes. Among these
there was a certainc woman, to whom the other gaue rcuerencc, and obeyed as though shee
were their qiieene. llcr sonnc waytcil vpon her, becing a young man, strongly made, of
terrible and frowning countenance, and a Lions lace. Our nienne, least they should take
the more hurt bv becing wounded a farrc of, thought it best toioyne with them. Therefore
with all speed, setting forward with their ores the brigfidine in which thcv were set a lande,
they ouerturned their Canoa, with a great violence, which being ouerwlielmed, thev not-
withstanding, as well the women as the men, swimming, cast their dartcs at our men thicke
and threelblde. .Vt the Icnsth, gathering thcmselucs vpon a rocke couered with the water,
they fought manfully viitill thcv were ouercome and taken, one beeins; siavne, and the
queene.-* sonnc sore woundc.l. When they were brought into the Admirals shippe, they
did no more put of their licreenes and cruel countenances, then do the Linns of Lybia wl3«n
thev jierceiiie tiiemselues to bee bound in ehaynes. There is no man able to behold thewi,
but he sh ill fecle liis bowels grate with a certayne horrour, nature hath endued them with
so terrible menacing and rrucli aspect. This eonierture I make of iny selfe, & others which
(iftentinies went with nie to see them at Methviiina Cainpi : but nowe to returne to the \oy-
a<{e. Proeeeilinn thus further and further, more then line hi'' 'red myles, first fowarde
the West Southwest, then towarde the Soiiihwcst, and at the length towarde the West North-
west, they entrcd into a maine i.irge sea, hauini; in it innumerable Ilandes, marueilously
dilfcring one from another lor some of them were very iVuitefiill, and full of hearbes and
trees, other some, very drie, barren and rough, witii hie roekve mountaines of stone, whereof
Some were of bright blew, or asurine colour, and other glistering white : wherefore thev
supposed them, by good rea'.on, to be the myiies of metlalies \- precious stone: but the
rou^hnessc of llie sea, and multitu<le of Ilandes standing so thieke to.";eathcr, hinderctl them
so, that they could cast no anker, least the bigger vesscllcs should runne xpon the rockes :
therefore they deferred the searchinu of tlu se Ilandes vntill ai.< 'ler timi ; they were so
manv. and stoode s() lliieke, that they coulde not number them, \etthe smaller vessellc.s
which drewe no great de.ipiii, entred among tlieni, and numbred fourtie and sixe Il.indes,
but the bigijer vessels kept aloofc in the mayne sea, lor I'earc of the roekcs. They call the
sea where this multitude of Ilande^ are situate. An lii|)i.l.inus. l-'rom this tra^te proreediii"-
forward, in the miilde way there lycih an Hand whiih the inhabitants call Murichina, or
Uiu'hcna: but they named it Insula. S. lohaiuiis. Diners of them whome we hadde deliuered
from the Canibales, sayde that they were borne in this llaiul, alHrming it to be verv po-
j)ulous and iruitfull. h.uiini': also many faire woodes and lumens. There is ilcadiv haired
and coniiiuiall battaile bctwcene them and the Canibales. Theyhauenoboatestopas.se
from tiicir own eoasta to the Canibales : but if it bee their chance to ouercome them when

they

i:y

Tlie Ilandes of
Muiis Serratus*

Hunting for

men.

•Sancti Miivia

Rutund.i.

Sanctus iMar-

tinus.

Sancti Maria
Antiqua.

Insula rruci^, nn
Hand of chc Ca-
nibales.

The Canibales
are expert Atcli*
ers.

Arrowes infect-
ed with veiiime.

A Coflici with
the Canib il'-j.

The fiercenes
and tfiTihlf
countenance of
the Canibales.

Mcthytnni
Cnnpi.

Iiinumeralile
ILuhls.

The Mynes of
mettali A: pre-
cious stoucs.

Thesei calW
Arciii|ieL*j;ub.

Insula. S. lu-
h.uihi»ur Ui.che-

' 1;

's<fl

11 • , ,

Li .

♦'irVJii'

I i

» I

I ' fr * '

II,

;• ^.

171

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

The first Decade

they make incursion into their counfrey to secke their pray (as it sopietime happeneth, the
DMthfordMth. fortune of warrc being vncertaine) they seme them like sause, requiring death for death
For one of them mangleth another in pieces, and rost them, and eate them euen before
their eyes. They taryed not in this llande : Yet in the West angle thereof, a fewe of them
went a lande f(,r fresh water, and found a great and high house after the manner of their
building, bauing. xii. other of their vulgare cotages placed aliout the same, but were ail left
desolate, whether it were that they resorted to the mountains by reason of the heate which
1 hi mountaincj \sas that time of the ycere, and toretiirne to the plaine wncn the ayre waxeth colder, or else
t'hr pu'i'i'ts.' '' 'or feare of the Canibaiea which make incursion into the llande at cerlaine scisons. In all
this Hand is onciv one king. The South side hereof cxtendcth about two hui dreth myles.
Siiortly nfter, they came to the llande of Hispaniola, beeing distant from the first llande of
tlic Caiiibikv;, iiue hundreth leagues. Here they found all things out of order, and their
1 mm Diminici feliowc* slaiuc which tliey left here at their first voyage. In the beginning of Hispaniola
iTurhvm'iKd' (li.iuiiig in it many regions and kingdomes as wee haue sayde) is the region of Xamana,
if.-,f It... whose king is named Guaccanarillus. This GuaccanarilUw ioyned friendship with our men

TheSFanvirdf! at the iirst voyage, and made a Iciigue with them: but in the absence of the Admirall, he
'/rtsbii'if. " '"* rebelled, and was the cause of our mens destructio, although he dissimuled the same, and
pretended friendship at the Admiralls returne. As our men sayled on yet a little further
Hi'i'u^s r^hfTitih' *^^'*' espied a long Canoa with many ores, in which was the brother of (iuaccanarillus, with
Two iir..ijts ci onelv one man waiting on him. He brought with him two images of golde, which hee gaiic
?"'■'' the Adniinill in the name of his bi-otlier, and tolde a tale in his language as concernii;;

the (ieatli of our men, as they proued aftetwarde, but at this time hadde no regarde to his
comnumication for lacke of interpretours, wiiith were eytherall dead, or escaped and stolne
away when tiu-v drew ncare to the Hands. But of the ten, scuen dyed bv thaunge ofavre
and dvct. The inhabitanies of these Ilandcs haue beene eucr so vscd to line at libertie, in
plav and pastime, that they canne hardly awav with the yoke of seri;itude, which thev at-
tempted to shake of bv all meanes they may. And smely if thev had receiued our religii i,
I woiddc tliiiikc their life most ha])pie of all meniie, if tluy might therewith ciiioy thti
auiicient libutic. .\ fewe ihingcs i-ontcnt them, hauing no delight in such superlluitiis,
lor the whicli in other pluivs menne take infinite paynes, and conunit manic \n1awhiii acic«
and yet arc neuer satisfied, whereas manie haue loo much, and none enough. IJut amnnj
these simple soules, a fewe clothes seme the naked : weinhtes and measures are not needful!
to such as cannot skill of craft and deceite, and haue not the vse of |)estiii'rous monev, tiu'
seed of iimumerable mischeiues : so that if we shall not bci' asliamed to confesse the irucih,
they sceme to line in that golden worlde of the which olde writers s|)cake so much, wherein
menne lined simplv and innocently without enforcement of lawes, without quarrelling, ind:;'^
and libelles, content onelv to satisfie nature, without further vexation for knuwlcdjje oi
thiiiirs to come. Yet these naked people also are tormelcd with ambition, for the desire
tiiCN haue to enlarge their dominions : bv reasn wherof, thev keep war and destroy one aiv ■
tlier, froni the which plajjue I suppose the yoiden world was nrt Iree. I'or euen then aU,'
("etle nnn cedam, that i-, <jiue ])la('e, and I will net giue place, li.id entred among men. i; i;
nnvve to returne to the matter from which wee havie digre-sed. The .Admiral desirous ic
know further of the death of his nien, sent for Guaccnn irilhis in rime to him to his shin,
dissiniuling il' it lie knew any tiling of the matter, after that he came aboord ship, salcinv.;
tile Admirall .ind his (ompan*-, uiiiin;: also rt-rTi'-M' gol<i<' to the captained* and ofliic,.
turned him to llie WDmeii rapiuic^, which not loni; Lt-lore > iir men li ni deliuered from li r
Canibales, and eanie-,tl\ behnldin.; one ■ t tliem wh^***! our men c.illed Ka'.herine, he so.] .
gentleiy vnto her And thus when h<'e had scene and man»*\ leil at the horses, a'i«l ^i;. ;
other thinges as were in the shippc, vnknowne in them, aikd I., id with a L,niKl grai . '
mcrily asked leaiie of the Admirall, he dcp irtc^il Yet sorrn^ there were wliii h (oiiini!
file Admirall to keepe him sfiii, ih if if thev mii^hf bv ,inv nvrat-Cs prooue that he was (•< •
senting to the death of our men, lie mi^ht be piinvsshed armrdinijlv. Hut the .\;hnir
considering that it w.is \et no tune to incense the inhabitantes mindca to wrath, di.snii<«(i!

;'cr.('.sc.

.*. iupj'ic kinJ jt'

lllr.

M.ilijr haue to
much, .1^ nunr
i..l'i:-h.

'lilr goltic.l

Njkrd men
troubk'l «ith
.4inbtli>Ml.

Ij.ue place.

'I'lir AJrnii \\\
iiriiJctii lur llie
kin|.

Nl' Ilnisri ill

the IJ.iiidcs.

supposed
fore a b
rail, to m
C'enturia
Hoiedus
towanle
one of
and the

pcneth, the

for death

;uen before

we of them

ler of their

were all left

leate which

der, or eke

oils. Ill nil

Ircth mylcs.

rst Ilandc of

r, and their

" Hispaniola

of Xamnna,

th our men

Admiral!, he

same, and

itile further

larillus, with

icli hce j;aiic

s conccriiii;;

egardc to his

ed and stoliio

iiinuc ofinrc

It libertie, in

hich ihev ni-

1 our reiijji i,

cnioy thti

siij)frlluiti(«,

ilawliill artc«

lUit amnni;

c not needfiii!

IS money, tiu-

sse the irut'ih.

nnch, whorcin

clling, iiidno,

kniiwledsc nt

for the dcsiri-

■itroy one aii'-

iit'n then aU.-

on;; men. H ;;

•al dr-iircni^ it,

n to his ship,

sliip, salutin:;

and iiflic (■-

ered froi'i i i

•rine, be spi ,

r-es, a'ld <i;. :,

od jran- I

I h ((UinM T

,it he w:k (■' •

the .\;linir

•atli, disnii^M.l

iiii-

The first Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

175

him. The next day following, the kinges brother resorting to the shippcs, eythcr in iiis
own'e name or in his brothers, seduced the women. For on the next night about midnight, a time for .u
this Katherine, aswell to rccouer her owne libertie, as also her fellowes, being suborned'""^"'
thereto either by the king or his brothers promises, attempted a much more difficult and
dangerous aduenture then did Cloelia of Rome, which beeing in hostage with other maydes ^''^ f.'-i;"«' "''•
to the king Porcena, deceiued her keepers, and rode outr the riuer Tiber, with the other J,;;,,"" " '
virgins which were pledges with her. For whereas they swamme ouer the riuer on horse- cio.r>a cf
backe, this Katherine with seuen other women, trusting oncly to the strength of their owne •^"™
armes, swam aboue three long myles, and that also at such time as the sea was somewhat
rough : for euen so farre of from the shore lay the shippcs at rode, as nigh as they coulde
conTecture, But our men following them with the shipboates, by the same light scene on
the shore, wherby the women were leddc, tookc three of them, supposing that Katherine
with the other foiire, went to Guaccanarillus : for in the spring of the morning, certaine mes-
sengers being sent vnto him by the Admirall, had intelligence that hee was fled with all his
familic and stuHV, and the women also, which thing ministred further suspition that hee
was consenting to the death of our men. Wherefore the .\dmirall sent foorlli an armie off'"!!;"""""'
three hundred men, ouer the which he appointed one Melchior to be captaine, willing nim Mtichior.
to make diligent search to finde out Guaccanarillus. Melchior therefore with the smallest
vessclles entring into the counfrey by the riuers, and scouring the shores, chaunced into
certaine crooked goulfes, defended with iiue litle & steepe hils, supposing that it hadde been
the mouth of some great riuer. He founde here also a very commodious and safe hauen, &
therefore named it Tortus Regalis. They say that the entrance of this is so crooked and
bending, that after the ships are once within the same, whether they turne them to the left
had, or to the right they can not pcrceiue where they came in, vntill they returne to the
mouth of the riuer, although it be there so broad that three of the biggest vessels may sayle
together on a front. The sharpe and hig!'. hilles on the one side and on (-le other, so brake
the winde, that they were vncertiine how to rule their saylcs. In the middle gulfe of the
riuer, there is a promontorie or point of the land with a jileasant grone, full of Popiniayes Popiniiytsat.n
and other birdes, which breede therein & sing very sweetly ; Tliey pcrcei'ied also that two
riuers of no sinal largenesse fell into the hauen. While they thus sear lied the lande be-
fwrene both, Nfelchior espied a high house a farre of, where supposing that Guaccanarillus
had Iveii hid, hee made towarde it: and as he was going, there met him a man with a frown-
ing countenance, and a grymme looke with a hundred men following him, armed with bowes
and arrowes, and long and sharpe staues like iauelynnes, made harde at the endes with fire,
who approching towardes our men, spake out aloud with a terrible voyce, saying that they
were Taiiii (that is) noble men, and not Canibales: but when our men had giuen themTa;i;.
signes of peace, they left both their weapons and fiercene^se. Thus giuing each of them
certaine hawkes bels, they tooke it for so great a rewarde, that they <lesired to enter bonds Hiwkesbeii:.-.
of neare friendship with vs, and feared not immcdiatly to submit theinselues vnder our
power, and resorted to our shippcs with their presentcs. They that measured the house a large houic
(being made in round forme) found it to be from side to side xxxii. great jjaces, compassed
about with xxx. other viilgare houses, hailing in them many beames crosse oner, & tonered
with recdes of sundrv' cohnirs, wrelhed & as it were weaued with niarueilous art. When R«jfs.>iii..n.
our men asked some of them where they might find (iuatcanarillus ? They answered, that '^''' '"'"""•
that region was none of his, but their kinges, being there present : Yet tliey sayde they
supposed that Guaccanarillus was gtnie from the playne to the mountaines. Making there-
fore a brotherly league with this Cacicus (that is to say a king) tluy returned to the Admi- Caci;,i..
rail, to make relation what they hadde scene and heard : whereupon he sent forth diners other
Centurians with their hundredes, to search the countrey yet further : among which were
Uoiedus and (ioruahnus, noble young gentlemen, and of great courage. Ami ;h thev went i'"«J"i <"i
towanle the monntaines to seeke Guaccanarillus, diuidinu the mouniaines betwtene theiii, '""■"■'""'•
one of them founii on the one side thereof, foure riuers falling from liie same mountnyncs,
aiu'. the other founde three on the other side. In the sands of all these riuers is founde great JjilH.'i'r'J,',',"'

Jllcntic m.'iuiiaiiu^,

m/M^

n !

P- :

■yM^ |.'

'^il

;;^ f

' . t:

I is

'1 r\l'V

176

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tlie first Decade,

The milipr nf
Orjincsof gutJo

of tlie house ul"
snide.

1 {oI-,ntiie w.ili r,
and I'leiity i>f
M\.

The d.iy and
IHL'ht of L-fiujll
length ill Dc-
tcpiber.
liiidfs brccde
in Ilecrinher.
The cU'ti.ition
of thi- p.,le.
The starres are
iMlltd i;u.)Tdi^
t'f llu' 1 ^U.

riu' F.^luinocli

picntic of goldc, which the inhabitantes of the same Ilaiidc which were with vs. gathered in thj,
manner: making holes in the sandc with their handcs a Cnbiie deepe, and taking vp saiule
with their left handos from the bottomc of the same, they picked out graincs of golde with
their right handes without any more art or cunning, and so dcliucred it to our men, who afTirmc
that many of thcin thus gathered, were as bigge as tares or fitches. And I my selfe sawe a
\ rnuif of rude massc of riidc goide ( thp« is to say, s-uch as was ncucr mcuiten ) like vnto auch stones as are
guide vveijiiin; fouiulc in fiic bottoniex 'uers, weighing nine ounces, whicli Hoicda himselfe founde.

nine ounce!. ])i-i|,nr ronteufed with ihcso jnrs, they returned to tlic Admirall to ccrtilic him hereof. For
the Admiral had commaundcd vndcr payne of jiunishmcnt, that they should meddle no fur.
thcr then their roinmission : wliich was onely, to search the places with fiieir signes. For
the fame went thr.t there was a cortaine king of liic mouiitaincs from whence those riiier,
had their fill, whom they cal Cacicus ('aunaboa, that is, the Lord of the house of gold, for
tlicy call a house IJoa, goidi-, (Jauni, and a king or Lonlc Cacicus, as we haue sayde before.
Thfv affirnie flat tliere can no where bee found better lisli, nor of more pleasant tasi, or
more holsome then in these riuers: also the waters of the .same to bee most hoicsoine in
drinke. ^felchior himselfe tolde me, that in the moneth of December, the dales and nightu
be of equall length among the Canibahs; but the sphere or circles of the heauen agrcctli
not thereunto, albeit that in the same nionetli, some birdes make their ncilos, and some haiie
already hatched their egges by reason oi" the heate, being rather coiitinuall then c.Mreai.ic.
\\c tolde me also when I (]U('stioned willi him as cdncerniiig the elcuation of the pole fniiu
(he horizontal line, thai all the starres calU^d Plausfrum or Charles waync, arc hid vnder tiie
North pole to the Canibalcs. And surely there returned none from thence at this voyage, ii,
whom there is more credit to be giuen, than to iliis man. 15ut if he had bin skilfull in As-
tronomic, he shoulde haue savde (hat the d.iv was ahnosi eipial with the night: Tor in iin
place towanie the slay of llie sun (called SoKliciiim 1 can the iiight be cijuall with the dav,
1 And a> lor t lie m, ihcv ncucr came vndcr the Ilquinociial, forasnuich as they hadde < ucr lIu'
North pole their guide, a;)d ener cleiialc in sight abmic the Horizontal. 'J Hus li;iuc I brieiclv
written vnio vour honour, as nuich as I thought sullicicnt at this time, and .shail shortly herc-
al'ter (bv (lotls fauour) write vnto \ou more l.irgclv of such matters as shall bee daily bellcr
knowiif. I'or the .\dmir;ill liiinsc'ire ( wlmm I \ -c laniiliarlv as my \crie friende) h;ith jjro-
miscd me bv his letlcrs, that he will giiic mc kiinwicdge of all such tliingcs as shall chaiiie.
He IkiiIi now chosen a strong place vvhcrc he may build a ciiv , ncarc vnto a cOmodious h;i'icn,
and hath alreach builded many houses, ("i: a ch;i])el, in the which (as in a ncwe worlde here-
tofore vo\de of all religion) (iod is davly scrued with xiii. pricstes, according to the nianiuT
of our churches. When the time iiowe appnuhcil that hee promised to >eiuic to the Kin;'
and (iucene, and hauing pro>ipcrniis wincK' for tii;it purpose, sent backe the xii. ("arauelh-,
wherof we made mention before: which was no small hmdcrancc and i;ritff vnto him, c-spc-
< iaily coiisideri 'g the death of his men whom hee left in the llande al the (irsi \i>yage, wherc-
l)y we are \et ignorant of many pl.ues aiul other secretes, whereol wee might otherwise haiu'
had further knowledge : but as lime shall reueale them agaiiic, so will I aduerlisc vou of the
same. .\nd that ymi may the better knowe bv Cdiilerence h:idi!e uith the .\i)oilie(arie.- :ini!
inanhaunl slran;;ers Sircphenit ian-, what ihi-. Itcgions hcaiv, iS: how hoi their ground i-, I
haue sent you ;;ll kiiide- of graync^, with liie birke and inner p.irlcs of thai tree whii h ilicv
suppose to be the Cinamoine tree. And if it lite sour plea-ure to ta-t either of the graiiicv
or of the small seedes, the which you sliouKl pereeiiic to liaiie lallcn from these gravnes, 1 1
of the uooil it selfe, liuich them hr^l ••ofiK, nv)oni:ig thein to your lippcs, for altiioniih ih: v
lie ncil hurl lull, vet lor their e\(es-e of heate, ihe\ are vhn pe, ami l)ite t!ie tongue if tliiv
reiiiaine ;mv while tliereon : but if the lon-ue he hli.lcnd l)v tabling ol ihein, ihe same i-

water. Of the eorne :iImi wlurol ihe\ ni:ike their bread, \\,'-

rame^ to your l.ordship, both white and blacke, and therwith .ii«'i

uhieh if \ oil iTil in |)ee(es, v<iu shiM leele a swecte sauour

f.ire vou hartiK veil, from llu' C"oi:r ol Mcihvinna Cainni,

il Ma\, Aino Dwi.i. H'Jl.

'Ilie

.A .hippcl and

Xt.,

roj'h

"Che Cinam''mi
tree.

I.ikeii awa\
bniiger sha
a irunke of

l)V drinking ol

1 (leliucr some

the tree of .Mocs, the

to proceedc li-un ilie
ihe tliird da\ bef'iri" li

••line, 'fluis
;e Calemles (

( ires
nf the i;
\ smli
I lie \ov(
these tin
of Cipai
the inidd
search ih
of this
industry

VOL,

Irst Decade.

hercd in this

ing vp sande

f golde with

, who afRrine

selfe sawe a

stones as arc

iclfe fimiidc.

hereof. Fur

•ddle no fur.

sifjnes. luir

those riiicrs

of gold, for

laydc before.

isant tast, or

holcsoine to

en and nights

aucn agrcctli

)d some liaiic

pn cxtrcni.ie.

ihe pole from

id vndcr the

lis voyage, ti,

kilfull ii) As-

Tor in no

with the diiv.

iddo < uiT llu>

line I bricl't'lv

shorllv licrc-

daily bclirr
ic) halli pri)-

hall chaiKO,
odious Ikuicii,
worldc luTi'-
lo tlu" inaniuT
I' to the Kin.;
ii. {"araiicllo,

1 to him, ('>|)c-
iiyage, \\licri"-
tiuTwise haiii-
se vr)ii (if the
illii'i aril'.-, and
• gnninil \-, I
rv wliii li ilii'v
f the graiiu'..
nr.ivMU's, (n
.iltluMiL;!) ill' \
muui' if (lirv
, I lie same is
ir iHca.l, In'-

tlu'rwilli .h> 1
«\vccte sriiinii;
vnma (\iiii;i:,

The first Decade.

TRArFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

The thirde bookc of the first Decade, to Lodoiiike Cardinall of Aragonie, and Nc-

tiiewe to the King.

YOii desire that foolish Phaeton should againc rule the chariots of the Sunne, and con-
tende to drawe sweefe licours out of the harde (lint, whereas you require mee to discribe
vnto you the newe world, found in the West by the good forlime and gouernance of the
Catholique I'rinces Ferdinandus and Elizabeth, your Vncle and Aunte, shewing me also the
letters of king Frcderike your Vncle, written to me in that behalfe: But sith you hauc layde
this burden on my backe, in whose power it is to commaunde mee to take vppon mce more
then I am well able, yee both shall receiuc this precious stone rudely closed in lead after my
manner of workemanship. Wherefore, when you shall perceiuc the learned sort friendly,
the malitioiis enuioiisly, and the backbiters furiously, to bend their slaunderous dartes against
our fairc Nimphcs of the Ocean, you shall freely protest in howe short lime, and in the mid-
dc.st of what troubles nnd calamities you haue enforced me to write of the same. Thus fare
you well, from Granata the ninth day before the Calendes of May.

We haue declared in the booke here before, how the Admiral passed by the coasts of the
Canibals, to the Hand of Hispaniola with his whole nauie : But nowe wee entende further to HispanioU.
shewe what hee found as concerning the nature of this Ilande, after that he had better
searched the secretes of the same : Likewise of the Hand of Cuba neare vnto it, which he
supposed to be the firmc lande. Hispaniola therefore (which hee aflirmeth to bee Ophir, ophir.whuher
whereof wee reade in the (hirdc booke of the kinges) is of latitude fine South fJegree.s, ;^°'°'J°^J^''^['Jj
iiauing the North pole eleuate on the North side xxvii. degrees, and on the South side (as
tlicy say) xxii. degrees, if reacheth in length from East to West, seuen hundred and foure-
score myles, it is distant from the Hands of Gades (called Cales) xlix. degrees, and more,
as some say: the foiirme of the Ilande rescmbleth the leafe of a Chesnutte tree. Vpon a
liii^h hill on the North side of the Ilande, hee builded a citlic, because this place was most itabciu.
a])l lor that purjxise, by reason of a myiie of stones which was neare vnto the same, seruing
well both to bnildo with, and also to make Lyme : at the bottome of this hill, is there a great
{>ljyiie of tliici'siore nivles in length, and in breadth somewiiere xii. somwhcre xx. inyles
»»liero it is brondest, & sixe myles where it is narrowest : through this playiie ninnc diners
fuyrc riucrs of wholesome waters, but the i;rcate«t of them, wliicii is iiauigabie, fallcth into
tlie haiioii of (he citie for tlic s])ace of halfe a furlong: how fertile and fruitful this valley is,
you shall vndcr-cinde bv tin so thiiiges wliiche lidlowe. On tiie shore of ihis riuer, thev haue a toktnofma.-
liniilttcland enclosed certaiiie jiimuiuI, to make "-ardcns and orchvardes, in the which all ""'""' '^'"""''''
kincle of biiigcr hearbes, as radisln-, leluse, c<dcworts, bi>rage, i^ >\n\\ other, waxe ripe
within xvi. daies alter :lie seed is .soweu, likewise Meloncs, (lounlcs, Cucinners, and such
dilicr, within tho >paco of \\\vi. diucs, liuso i;arden hearbes thev haue fresh and grceiie n«atb!grffnc
.ill the whole vecrc. Al-o t!u' n^ots of the canes or reedcs of the lirour whereof sugar is ^" '*" "'"•"''•■
made, gn'Vvea cubite high within t!ie space of \v. daves, but the licour is not yet hardened. .Sug« rtfdps,
I'lie like they aifirme of plaiiti-s or siiroudes (d" y^ung vines, and that they iiaue the seconde ^j,""'""''
veere gathered ripe and sweete grapes of tiiesaine: but bv rea>on of to much rankene.sse
iliey beare but lewe ehisier''. rurtliennore, a iii.in of the countrey sowid a little Wheate Com &gtairt
abi.iil (lie Ciiendcs cd' I'Vbrii.uie, and brought with liim to the (itie an handfnll of the ripe "t^.'j,'""' '
(ires id' the same llie third day belt. re the ( alends (d" ,\piill, \\hi( h w.is that yeere the vigile
(d' llie I.'esiirreetioii of our Lortl. Also, all kiiidcs of pulse, as bcanes, peason, lilches, tares,
\- sni li other, are ripe twise in the yeere, as all thev whie'i come fnnii thence afVirme with
one voyee, yet the ground is not viiinersalK apt to beare wheate. In the meane time while
these ihinges were doiii;;, tin- Adniir.ili sent out a eompaiiie of x\x. men to se.irch the Hegion xhr t-^km of
of Cipanga, otherwise called t'diah : fliis Ke-ion is full id" mouiitavnes and rockes, and in ^''r-'"S'. <>> <-'!■
the middle liai ke of the wlicde ll.mdc is great pleniie of (i(dde. When they that went to Gjijr.
search the Region were returned, thev reported niaruelons things as touching the great riches
<d' tiiis Hegion. From these mountaines, descend foure great riuers, whicdi by the mr.ruelous
iiulu.stry <d" nature, diuidcth the whole Hand into foure partes, in inaner equal, ouerspreading
^OL. V A a iSc watering

i«i:

> .

i'lii. I

u"! 'Si

ii:;.:;

>'i»!

M 1

i I. V " i

U !

I f):

1' 4

t ^''l

i (I.

\ J i

V*'

/ 1

178

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The, first Decade.

The golden rr-
gion of Cibana.

The vale of
Cibina,

Collie for
hawlcct belles.

Graynei and
pibblc slonti ci
goMc,

They pasje not
for iMe, 111 that
it IS golde uncly
but, ^t.

^lonfs of gold as
big ns thi Ik jduf
.. ihilde.

Spiil!,

WilJe vines (>f
picauiit tost.

Fniitful moun-
nyuci.

G ' h- in tl.e
(ind uf r.iirrs
lallid,! from tlic
nioiiiiUincs.

1^' watering the whole Hand with their bninchrs. Of these Inure liiien, the one reachcth
towarde the East, this the inhabitantes call Iiiiini: another towarde the West, and is called
Attibuniciis: the thirdc toward the >forth, named lachem, the last rcachetl) into the South,
and it) called Naiba. The day before the Ides of March, the Admirall hiitiselfe, with all his
horsemen, and foiire hundred (botcincn, marched directly towarde the Southside of the
golden Region. Thus passing oucr the riucr, the playne, and the moimtaine which cnui-
roned the other side of the playne, hce chaiinced vpon another vale, with a riiier miuh
bigger then the first, and many other mcane riucrs nimiing through. When he had also
conueighcd his army oner the riuer, and passed the seconde vale, which was in no part inrc
riour to the first, he made away through the thirdc mountaine where was no passage Mure,
and descended into another vale, which was nowe the beginning of Cihaiia. Through this
also runne many floudcs and riucrs (Uit of ciicry hill, and in the sandes of them all is fouiule
great pientie of golde. And when hec haddc nowe eiifred threescore and tweliic mylcs iiuu
the golden Hegion from the ciltic, he enteiulcd to buildc a fortresse vppon the top|)c ol a
hill, standing by the shore of a ccrtaine great rincr, that hee might the belter and more
safely search the secretes of the inner partes of (he Region ; this hec called the fortress^ d
saint Thomas, the which in the meane time, while hee was building, the iiihabitantes bcciiii;
desirous of hawkes belles, and other if our thinges, resorted daily thither, to whom the Aij-
niirall declared, that if they would bring golde, they should haue whatsoeuer they wouidt
askc. I'onrthwith turning their backc-;, and turning to the shore of the next riuer, they le-
turned in a sliorte time, bringing >vif!i them their handes full of golde. Amongst all otiu-r
there came an olde man, bringing with him two pibble stones of golde, weighing an ounce, de-
siring them to giuc him a bell for the same: who when hee sawe our nun marucyle at iht
bignessc thereof, he made signes that they were but small and of no value in rcspeiii- ui
some that he had scene, and taking; in his hande foure stones, the least whereof was as biirire
as a Walnut, and the biggest as biggc as an Orange, hee sayil that there was foundc pccii-
nf jtokI so bigge in his eouiitrey, being but halfe a daycs iourney from (hence, and that ihe,
■lad no regarde to the gathering thereof, whercbv wc perciiiicd that they passe not miuh li-r
gohle, inasmuch as it is golde only, but so farre estceme if, as the hande of the Artificer
hath fashioned it in anv comelv fourme. I'or who dolh greatly estceme roimh marl)le, i-
vn\Nriiught luorie ? but if they bi- wrought with the cunning hande of I'hidias or I'raxitele-,
and shaped to the similitude of the fiirc Nimphes or Fairies of the sea (called Ncreiado)
or the Fayrio- of the woods (called Ilamadriadcs) they shall ncuer lacke buyers. Htsidv
this old man, tiicre came also diners other, bringing with ihem pvbble stones of guide,
weighing >. or \ii. drammes, & feared not to confesse, that in the place where they gatliere^i
that golde, thiTC were found sometime stones of golde as bigge as the head of a ihild. \\ he;
he had t.iricd here a few d.iycs, he sent one I.uxaiuis, a noble vng gcnilentan, with a IVh
armed men, to search all the ])arles c,f this region: wiio at hi-, returne, reported that du
inhahilaiiH sheweil him greater thiri;;e-i then we haue spoken of herebefore, but he d;.i
openly (let larf nothing thereof, whii li tliey lliouKhl >*a-. done b, the .Admirals cominaiidt-
menf. They haue woods ful of c riaine spices, but not such as wee commonly vsc : the>(
t!ie\ gather ciien as they doe uold, that I. as much as \> ill seme for their purpose, t iierv
man (or iitnsclfe. to e\thain><' the ■ame with the in)-abii,ints of other «iiuntre\s adioMiii;:;
to tluin, fur siK 'i !liinu;es as tt;e\ lacke, as dyshes, potte,., sfnoles, and such other iiece>M.
ries. A- Luxaiuis returned to tlr-- Adinirall (whi(h wa-* about the Ide>- of March) hee !■ iiiiuc
in the vvoudes (ertaine wilde \iiie<, ripe, ajid of pleasant last, but the inhabitaiitcs |)a-<c
not on tiiem. 'fhis region, ihouglt il be lull ol stuiies i^- ro( kcs (and is therefore tailed
Cibar.a, wliich is as nuich to say a- a stone) yet it is weil rej)lcni»hi(l with trees and pastiin-,
\ea tliev ct-iistaiitlv adirive, lliat if ilie L^rasse of these mouiitiiiiics be ciitle, it groweth agaiif
within the -pace of tcure iln.v^ hi-lit-r llien wheate. And fnr.isinuch as many stiowre- 1 1
raine doe fall in ihis region, whereof the rvucrs antl (louile-^ haue liieir encrease, in eiurv f|
tlic whit !i ^lijde is (c, untie mi.it \vith sande in all i)late-, ihev iiul:;c that the ;;olde is driiien
fr,.m the mountaiiies., by the vehement course of the streamcs which fall from the same, ri 1

ruiiiie

■ I'ti

e, without the paralcls of the Ilandcs called Capud Virde, or Cabouerde, which wee Thr lUmin ot
e to be those which in old tynie were called Hcsperides: these pertainc to the King of H""""d«.'''

Thcjirst Decade. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 179

runne into the riiicf'*. The people of this region are giiicn to idlcnesse and play, for such as ijixrtie «nd
inhiihite tin- mounlaincs. sit quaking for colde in the Winter Hcason, and had rather to wander Th"m™nt«nci
vp and dowiu- idlely, then take the paynes to make them apparell, whereas they haue woodcs ""coidt.
fuii'of Gossaiiipine'cotton : but such an dwell in the vallies or playnes feclcs no coldc in
Winter. Wiien the Admirall hadde thus starched the beginning of the region of Cihs.ni, he
rcp:iral to Nabella (for so hee named the citic) where, leaning the gouern.mce of thi- llande
with ills Deputies, hee prepared himsclfe to search further the limiiles of the Uandc "f Jj;^^"""'''
Cuba or lohaniia, which hee yet doubted to bee the firme lande, and distant from Hispaniola
onelv Ixx. mvles. This did hee with more speedie expedition, calling to remembrauncc the
Kingcs comiiiaundement, who willed him first with all celcritie, lo ouerrunne the coastes of
the new Hands, least any other I'rince should in the meane time attempt to iniiade the same, ''"^'^.-^Y™''"
for the King "f Portiigalc affirmed that it perlcined only to him to discouer these vnknowne ""'""'
lands : but tiie bishop of Rome, Alexander the sixt, to auoyde the cause of this dissention, Diicmion he-
granted to the king of Spaine by the authoritie of his leaden bulles, that no other Prince l*gTt 'llj '"'"'
should bee so bold, as to make any voyages to any of these vnknowne Regions, liing with- Sp»mardci.
oia the precinct of a direct lync drawii from the North to the South a hundred leagues West-
warde,
thinke

Portugalc, and from these his Pylotes, which doe yeercly search newc coastes and regions,
direct their course to the East, sayling euer towarde the left hande by the backc of Aphrike,
and the seas of the Kthiopinns: neither to this day had the Portugales at anytime saylcd tiw Pirtugaiti
Soiiiiiwnnle or Wcstwarilc from the Ilandes of Cabouerde. Preparing therefore three shippes, *"*''*"■
lie made lia-it towarde the llande of lohanna or Cuba, whither he came in short space, and
iianied the point thereof, where hee first arriued, Alpha and O, that is, the first and the last :
for he supposed that there had bcene the ende of our East, because the sunne falleth there,
iiul of the West, because it riseth there. For it is apparant, that Westwarde, it is the be-
ginning of India bcyoiule the riuer of Ganges, and Eastwarde, the furthest ende of the Tiu md of th«
same : which thing is not contrary to reason, lorasinuch as the Cosmographers haue left the ^"'""^Wcu.
limittes of India beyond Ciaiiges vndetermined, whereas also some were of opinion, that Noir.
India was not fane from the coastes of Sjiaine, as we haue said before. Within the prospect fJom splin*. "^^
f)f the beginning of Cuba, hee found a commodious hauen in the extreme angle of the
llande of Hispaniula, for in this parte the llande receiiieth a great goulfe: this hauen hee
named .Saint Nicolas porie, bein^ scarsely tweiitie leagues from (Juba. As hee departed Saint Nichrin
froni hence, and saylcd Westwarde by the Soutliside of Cuba, the further that he went, so i'°"'"
much the more the sea seemed to be extended in breadth, and to bcnde towarde the South.
On the Snulh side of Cuba, hee foutidc an llande which the inhabitantes call lamaica, this ThtiUndM
he allirmetli to be lonj;er i*^- broder then the Hand of Scicile, hauing in it onely one moun- '*""'"'
taine, which on euery part beginning from the sea, ryscth by litle and litle info the middest
of the llande, and that so playnely without roughnesse, that such as goe vppe to the toppe
of the same, ran scarsely perceiiic that they ascende : This llande hee afFirmcth to be very
rrnitful and full of |)cople, as\vcll in the inner partes of the same, as by the shore, and that
tiio inhabitants are ol tiuicker wiite then the other Ilandes, and more expert .\rtificers, and Qi'ickt wined
warlike men : I"or in many places where hee would haue arriued, thev came armed against '*°''''"
hini, and forbode him with thrcatnii'i,' wordes : but being ouercome, they made a league of
rriiMid-nij) with him. Thus departing from U\ Maira, he sayled toward the West, with a Thf comr«iins
prospi'i'us winde, lor the span- oi ihrccscore and tenne daies thinking that he had passed "''''" "'"'•
so far by the cumpasse of the eartii bciiin vnderneath \s, that he had bin neere vnto Aurea Aur.aChftM-
("iiersoiiesus (n(iw called Malaccha) in our Ivast India, bevond the beeginning of Persides : j'"!|'^ or Mi-
fnr he plainely belecucd that he had left only two of the twelue houres of the snniie, which
were vnknowen to vs, for the olde writers haue left halfe the course of the sunne vn- Aiecreaieof
loiuhed, wheras they haue but only discussed that superlicial parte of the earth which lyeth '^""™"'''-
betwcene the Ilandes of (Jades, and the riuer of (Janges, or at the vttermost, to Aurea Cher- Thermcrn-
• iiiesiis. In this Nauigation, he chaunccd on manic furious seas, running with a fall as it °"^"

\i"i

-»..i

A a 2

had

L.« f,

110

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

TJk ftrst Dcciuk.

til'

■J!

111 <

.(i-

;; A.

i'i I- ;•

\ -A'.

! I

VV !

i> <', I

Oangcroui
strt'i^hirs by
rfjum of many

RoMrd fiih k
lerpcnti of vnii
fooie loiif.

Crocodile; of

had bcene the strrames of floiidcs, aUo mnny whirlcpoolcs, and ;«hcir«'<i, with many oihir
dangers, and stravghts by reason of the iniiiruiidc of llanden which lay on eiiery Hide. Fltii
not regarding all these piriiles, hee determined to protecd, vntil he had cerlaine knowledge
whether Cuba were an llandc, orlirnie lande. Thus he Hayled forward, coasting cuer by tlio
shore toward the West for the space of CC.xxii. leagues, that is, about a ihousandc and ilircc
hundred myles, and gauc names to seuen hundred Ilandes by the way, leaning also on tlip
left handc (as he feared not to report) three ihoiwand here and there. Hut let vs nowe re-
turne to such thiiigcs as he( founde woorlhy to be noted in this Nauigation. Sayling there-
fore by the side of Cuba, and searching the nature of the placrn, he espyed not farre fnini
Ai«rjthiu»n. y^ipi^i ,,n,j () ;, larpe hauen, of capacity to harborowc many shippcs, whose entrance is bend-
ing, beeing indosed mi both sides with capes or ])oyntcs whicli receiico the water: this haiicn
is large uithin, and of exceeding depth. S.iyling by the shore of this porte, hee sawe iiui
farre from the same, two cotages, couercd with reedcs, and in many places (ire kindled
Mere he sent ceiiuine armed men out of the shippes to tlie cottages, where they found nei-
ther man nor wdinan, but i -tineate enough, for they (ound cerlaine spittcs of woode l>in;r
at tile (ire, hauing fi-hc on iliem about ai\ hundrecl pminde weight, and two serpentes <ir
eyght foote long a peece whereat niarueiiing, and looking a'tiuit if they coiiKI espie anic n|
the inhabitantes, niut that none ai)pearcd in siglit (fur thev (leilde all to the mountaines ,i|
the comming of our nv n) they fell to their meate, and to the (isli taken with <itlier nuns
trauavie, hut ihev absteined from llie serpents, which they adirnie to difl'er nothing from the
Crocodiles of Kgvpt, hut only in bignesse: for (as I'linie >-ayth) Crocodiles liaue soinefinic^
bin fouiiil of xviii. ciihiis long, but of these the bigge>t were but of eight fnc^ti'. Thus be-
ing wcl refreshed, they cntred into the next wood where ihe\ found manv fd' the s;nne kiM(l(
(if serpentes, hanging vpon 1)' iiglies of trees, of tiie wliich, some had their mouthes tvcd
with stringes, and some their teeth t.iken out. An«l as thc\ searched the pLices neere \mi >
the h.iuen, they sawe about. Ixx. men in the toj) of ;i hii^h rocke, which (led .is s<ione a>
tliey had espied our meniie: wlu> bv signcs mxl tokens of peace calliiig ihein againe, thei(
was one which came neere them, and stood on i!ie topj)e ol' a rocke, seeming as though lip
were vet fear<-nill : but the Admiral sent one Didac ns to him, .'i man of the same coimlre\,
whom he ha<l at his (irst voy.nge taken in the Ilande of (iu;inah lini, being neere vntu Cuh.i,
willing him to come neare, anil not to be alraide. When lie hearde Did.K i;s spcake to him
in his owne tongue, he came boldly to him, and shortly alter resorted to his coinp.inie, per.
swading them to come withoiit all fcare. After this message wa-i done, there desd'nded (Voiii
the rockes to the shippcs, about threescore and ten of the inhabitants, prii'eriii.; (riend-lii|i
and gentlenessc to our men : which the Admirall accepted thankefully, and gane t!iem tliiier-
rewards, & that the rather, for that he had intelligence by Didacus 'he ii'erprcfer, that tliey
were the kinges (ishers, sent of their I.orde to take (ish against a solcmne feast whit h hee
prepared for another king, .\nd whereas the .'Xdinirallrs me:i had eaten the lish which the\
left at the (ire, they were the gladder thereof, because thev Ikk! left the serpentes ; for tht re
.s<TT«nitf!trfm- is nothing aninng their didieate dishes, that tiiev e-iteeme so iniieh :is these serpentes-, in «,,
mrjic. "^ ' much that it is more lawl'iill for eomni'm pc()|)le to eatc of them, then I'eacockes or l'he»aiiles
among vs : as (or the (ishcN, fhey dmibted not to take as manv more the same night. Ih ing
asked why thev (irst rostcd the fish which thev cntendcd to be.ire to the King? thev answer-
ed, that they might be the fresher and \ ncernipted. Thus ioyning handes for a tcken li
further friendship, cuery man rcsor'ed to hi-i owne. The Admirall went Inrwarde as he li:id
aj)poynted, fiilowiny the falling of the suiine from the bigi.'ining of Cuba, <aili-(l \\y\\\
and O: the shores or sea bankes eiien vnfo this hauen, albeit thev bee lull of trees, vet are
they rough with monntaines : of these trees, some were full < f blossomes and flov.res, .ind
other laden with fniites. J3eyondc the hauen, the lande is more fertile and |)o])ulous, who-,e
inhabitants are more gentle, and more desirous of our ihinges: lor as soone as thev had es-
pied our shippes, they flocked all to the shore, bringing with them sui h breade as they arc
accustomed to eate, and gourdes full of water, oflering them \ nto our men, and further, de-
siring them to come alande. In all these Ilandes is a certaine kinde of trees as biggc as

l-'.imev

6shcrs.

W'r.^somfS U
fruitr-, both at
t.-ir tunc.

TIIAITIQUUS, AVD DISrOurRlE*!.

I»l

The Jirnt DicmU:

Vhnt-M w'licli br.iro (;<mrclcs in fho stecdc <>l fniitrs tUvsc thry vsc oncly for driiikin;; pottos, Tr«.«Mch

and to fetch wntcr in, but not lor nic.itc, lor ilu- inner substance ol thrm ih sowrcr then >i,;ill, »"" "'■

nnd the harke as hardc as any ■<h(ll. At the Ide^ of May, the watchmen looking out of the

top castle of the sliippe, toward;' the SnUth, sawe a multitude ol Ilandes ^t.indin^ tliitke to- a muimuJ. ei

Rethcr, being iill well replenished wiih lree<, grasse, ami hearbe«, and well inhabited: in "■""''■>•

the shore of the continent, hee channeed uln a nniiigThle riuer, whone water was so hot, Haitc watn.

that no man might endure to al)iile his hiuid therein any time. The day followinjj,

espviii" a farre of a Caiioa of (ishermen of the inhahitiintcs, fearing len>t they shuuldc

flee at the sitdit of our men, he commanded eeriaine to assaylc them piiuily with the -liip-

boates : bufthev fearing nothing, tarycd the comining of our men. Nowc shall you hpare

a newe kin le of (ishing. Like as wee with Gre\ lioundes doc hunt II ires in the playne lieldc.'', a »ujn»t kinrf«

so doo thev, ;'s it were with a hunting fishe, take other (ishes : this (ish was of shape ( r fourmc ""'"'""«•

vnk'iowen to vs, but the body thereof not much vnlike a great yeele, hauing on the hinder

pare of the head a very tough skinne, like vnto a great hagge or purse : this (ish is tyed

by the side of the boate with a corde, let downc so farre into the water that the fish

may lie close hid bv the kceic or bottome of the same, for shec may in no case abide the

sight of the ayre. Thus when they espie any great (i«h, Tortoyse (whcrcid' there is great Abimdan« of

abundance, bigger then great largettes) they let the cnrdc at lenglli, but when she feeleth '■'""'>'*'•

her selfe loosed, she inuadeth the fish or Tortf)yse as swiftly as an arrowe, and where she hath

once fastened her hold, Hhc casteth the pui-e of skinne, whereof we >|)ake before, and by

drawing the same togcth-r, so^raspeleth her pray, that no mans strength is sufHcient to vn-

loose the same, except l)y little and litle drawing the Ivne, shee bee lifted somewhat aboue

the brimme of the water, for then, as soone as she seeth the brightne-se of the avre, shee

letleth goe her holde. The |)ras theref'ire beeing nouedrawin iiccrc to the brimme of the

\saler, there leapeth sodenly out r)f the boaie into the sea, so many tishers as may suffice t<i Fiihttmm.

holde fast the prav, vntill the rest of the company haiie taken it into tin- boate. ^^■hich thing

done, thev loose so much of the corde, that the hunting fish may againe returne to her placi-

within the water, whereby .mother corde, thev let downe to her a |)eece of the prav, as we

viC to rewarde greyhouiides alter they haue killed their game. Tlds fish, they cal (Juai- ihr ti i,

lanunt, but our men c.dl it Reuersum. They gaue our men foure Turloyses taken by '•"■""m™.

this meanes, and those of such biggncsse, that thev almost filled their fisliing boate : for

these fishes are esteemed among them loi delicate meate. Our men recompenced them

againe with other rewardes, anil so let theii' depart. IJeing a^^ked of tlie compasse of

that laiide, they answered that it had no rude sVestwarde. Most instantly they desired the

Admirall to come a lande, or in I' name to send one with them to salute their Ca/icua, naminti-tn.

(that is) their king, adirming that hee woulde giiie our men many |)resentes, if tliev would i"'-

goe to him. But the Admirall, least he should be hindered of the voyage which he had

begunne, refused to goe with them. Then they desired to knowe his name, aid lolde

our men likewise the nane of their king. Thus saylin-if on yet further euer towarde

the West, within fewe dayes he came ncere vnto a certaine exceeding high mountaine, a Mnmuinr

wel inhabited bv reason of the great feriililie of the same. The inhabitantes of this ''yV"",'' "''

• 1*11 . iiil..iDiteu.

mountaine, brought to our ship, brearl. gossampme cotton, conies, A: sundry kindcs of
wide foule, demaunding reli;;iously of the interpretoures, if this nation descended not
from lieauen. The king of this people, and diners other sage men that stnrj<l bv him,
in!ormed him that that Il.iiid was no Hand. Shortly after, eiitring into one of the Ilandes
lieing on the left hande of this II. md they found no bodie therein, for thev th d all at the
comming of our men : Yet fiiinde tliey there foure dogges of maruelous deformed -hape, & I'Yf. 'i
such as coulde not barke. This kind of dogges, thev eate as wc doe goates. Here is yreat
plenty of geese, duckes, and hrarons. Hetweene these Ilandes and tiie continent, he entered
into so narrowe streighte-, th;it hee coulde scarcely turne backe the shippes, and the-;e also
so shalow, that the keele of the ships sometime rased on the sand<). The water <d' these ^*'*"" ^""i
streights, for the space of fourtic nnles, was white and thicke, like vnto mvlke, and as
though mcalc had beene sparkled throughout all that sea. And when thcyhaddc at the length

escaped

tr iiier iha[ f

thukc «aui.

I: I'l

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IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WIST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 873-4503

Mit:.

182

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The first Decade.

[Il'i

i '' -i

I ■

■■-I

1 «

^il

1 I

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like whytc
fryers.

Apparelled

men.

escaped these straights, & were now come into a maine & large sea, and hadde sayled thereon
for the space of fourescore myles, they espied an otlier exceeding high moiintaine, whether

^e»*" "^ '''" *'^^ Admiral resorted to store his shippes with fresh water and fuell. Hcere among certainc
woodes of Date trees, & pyne apple trees of exceeding height, hee founde two naiiie springes
of fresh water. In the meane time, while the woode was cutting, and the barrelles filling,
one of our archers went into the woode to hunt, where he espied a cortaine man with a white

Men sppircUed vcsture, SO like a fryer of the order of saynt Marie of Mcrccdis, that at the first sight he sup-
posed it had bin the Admirals priest, which he brought with him, being a man of the same
order: but two other followed him immediately out of the same woodes. Shortly after, hee
sawe a far of a whole companie of men clo(hed in apparel, being about xxx. in number.
Then turning his backe, and crying out to his fellowes, hee made hast to the shippes with all
that he might driue. These apparell men, made sigiies and tokens to him to tary, and not to
be afraid, but that not withstanding he ceased not to flee. The Admirall being aduertised
hereof, and not a little reioycing that hee hadde founde a ciuile people, incontinently sent
foorth armed menne, with commandement that if necde shoiilde so require, they should enter
fourlie myles into the Ilande, vntill they might finde cylher those apparelled men, or other
inhnbitauntes of that countrey. When they had passed oner the wood, they came into a
great plaine ful of grasse and hearbes, in which appeared no token of any pathway. Here
attemjjting to goe through the grasse and hearbes, they were so entangled and bewrnpt
therein, that they were scarsely able to passe a myle, the grasse beeing tiiere litle lower then
our ripe come: being therefore wearycd, they were enforced to rcturne agayne, finding no
pathway. The day following he sent foorth xxv. armed men another way, commanding
them to make diligent search and inquisition what maner of people inhabited the land :
Whu departing, when they had found, not farre from the sea side, cerfaine steps of wilde
beastes, of the which they suspected some to be of Lions fcete, being stricken with fearc,
returned backe agayne. As they came, they founde a woode in the which were many natiuc
vines, here and there creeping about high trees, with many other trees bearing aromatical
fruitcs and spices. Of these vines they brought with them into Spayne many clusters of
grapes, very ponderous, and full of licour: but of the other friiites they brought none, be-
cause they piitrificd by the \v;iv in the ship, & were cast into the sea. They say also that in
tlie iundes or incdowes of (hose woodes, tlicv sawe tlockes of great Cranes, twise as bigge as
ours. As lice went forward, and turned his sayles towarde certaine other mounlaines, hee
espied two cotages on the shore, in the which he saw onely one man, who being brought to
the shippe, signified with head, fingers, and by all other signcs that he coulde deuise, that
the land which lay bcyonde those mountaines was very full of people : and as the AdinirnI
drew nccrc the shore of the same, there met him certaine Canoas, hailing in them many
people of the countrey, who made signes and tokens of peace and friendship Hut here
Didicus the interpretour, which vnderstoode the language of the inhabitants of the beginning
of Cuba, vnderslocde not them one »vhif, whereby they considered that in sundry prmiiiu es
of Cuba, were sundry languages. He had also intelligence, that in the Ilande of this region
was a king of great power, and accustomed to weare apparell : hee sayde that all the trarte
of this shore was drowned with water, and ful of muddc, besetfc with many trees, after the
manner of our marishes: Yet whereas in this place they went alande for freshe water, they
found many of the shel fisiies in the which pearles are gathered. But that coulde not cause
the Admirall to tracte the time there, entending at this voyage, only to prone how many lands
& seas he could discouer according to the kings commandement. As they yet proceeded
forwarde, they sawe here and there all the way along by the shore, a great smoake rysiiif.',
vntill they came to another mountaine fourescore myles distant, there was no rocke or hill
that coulde be scene, but the same was ail of a smoake. Hut whether the fires were made by
the inhabitantes for their neccssarie businesse, or (as wee are wont to .sette beacons on fire
when we suspect the appmch of our enemies) thereby to giue warning to their neighl)ours
to bee in a readinessc, & gather together, if perhaps our men shoulde attempt any thing
;ii|:ain>l tiieni, or otherwise as (seemeth most vnlikely) to cal them together, as to a wonder,

N.itiuc vines.
Trees lu'ariiig
ipi^os A: sweet
fiuitei.

Oiuers l.iii-
tuj^fs 111 the
IhnJ of L'ulu

lV«rIei in
hslirs.

The first Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

183

to beholde our shippes, tliey knowe yet no certainty. In this tracte, the shores bended
sometime toward the South, and sometime towarde the West and West Southwest, and the ^he s. ,nwn.
sea was euery where entangled with Ilandes, by reason whereof the keeles of the shippes gUd with
oftentimes rased the sandes for shalownesse of the water : So that the shippes beeing very """■"•
sore bruised and appayrcd, the sayles, cables, and other tackelinges, in maner rotten, and the
vitailes (especially the biskette breade) corrupted by taking water at the ryftes euill closed,
the Admirall was enforced to turne backe againe: This last poynte where hee touched of
Cuba (not yet being known to be an Hand) he called Euangelista. Thus turning his sayles
towarde other Ilandes lying not farre from the supposed continent, hee chaunced into a
mayne sea, where was such a multitude of great Tortoyses, that somtime they stayed '''c ^jJ|"Tono' s«
shippes: Not long after, he entred into a goulfe of white water, like vnto that whereof /["ouifeoF'"*
wee spake before. At the length, fearing the shelfes of the Ilandes, hee returned to the "•"" *"'"•
shore of Cuba by the same way which he came. Here a multitude of the inhabitantes, as
well women as men, resorted to him with cheercful countenaunces, and with feare, bringing
with them popingayes, bread, water, and conies, but especially stocke doues, much bigger
then ours, which he ailirmeth in sauour and taste, to bee much more pleasant then our par-
tryches. Wherefore where as in eating of them hee pcrceiued a certaine sauoure of spice to
proceede from them, he commanded the croppe to bee opened of such as were newely killed,
and founde the same full of svveetc spices, which hee argued to bee the cause of their strange
tast : For it standcth with good reason, that the flesh of beastes, shoulde drawc the nature and
qualitie of their accustomed nourishment. As the Admirall heardc masse on the shore, there
came lowarde him a certaine goucniour, a man of foure score yeares of age, and of great The humanity
grauitie, although lice were naked sauing his priuie parts. Hee had a great trayne of men °y^ ^ou'|i!|,"„',
wayting on him. All the wliile the pricste was at masse he shewed himselfe very humble,
and gaue rcucrent attendance, with grauc and demure countenance. When the masse was
ended, hee presented to the Admirall a basket of the fruites of his countrey, deliuering the
same with his owne handes. Wiicn the Admirall hadde gentlely entertained him, desiring
leauc to speake, he made an oration in the presence of Oidacus the interpreter to this effect :
I haue bin aduerlised (most mighty prince) that you haue of late with great power subdued -An oration of
many lands and Regions, hitherto vnknowne to you, and haue brought no litle fearc vppon ut'^ur'.'' ^"^
all the people and inhabitantes of the same : the which your good fortune, you shall beare
wfth lesse insolency, if ynu remember that the soules of men haue two iourneyes after they
are departed from liiis bodie. The one, foulc and dark, prepared for such as are iniurious Thtiroiiniou
and cruell to mankinde : the other ple.isant and delectable, ordeined for them which in their ^"^^'l" '""'"^
life time loued peace and quietnes. If therfore you acknowledge your sclfe to be mortal,
and consider that eucry man shal receiue condigne rewarde or punishment for such thinges
as hee hath done in this life, you will wrongfully hurt no man. When hee had saide these
wordcs and other like, which were declared to the Admirall by the interpretation, he mar-
ueiling at the iudgment of the naked olde maii, answered that he was gladde to heare his
opinion as touching tlie sundry iourneies and rewards of soules departed from their bodyes,
supposing that neither he, or any other of the inhabitantes of those Regions, had had any
knowledge thereof : declaring further, that the chiefe cause of his comming thither, was to Dfsireofgou
instruct ihcm in such godly knowledg and true religion : and that he was sent into those t^h,"h'rdi°gLn
couiifreies by tlie Cliristian king ofSp.iine (his Lord and ma-^ter) for the same purpose, and "uidcnot
specially to subdue and punish the Canibales, and such other mischieuous people, and to vinm post
defend iinioceiits against the violence of euill dooers, willing him, and all other such as im-nummos, &c.
brace vertue, in no case to bee afraide, but rather to open his minde vnto him, if cyther he,
or any other such quiet men as he was, had susteined any wrong of their neighboures, and
that he would see the same reuenged. These comfortable words of the Admirall so pleased
ihc olde man, that notwiilistanding his extreme age, he would gladly haue gone with the
Admirall, as he had done indeede, if his wife and children had not hindered him of his pur-
pose : but he maruciled not a little, that the Admirall was vndcr the dominion of another :
and much more when the intcrprctour tolde him of the gloric, magnificence, pompe, great

power,

>?i

Mil?

■:V^f

'it: ■ .; )

f ilK

M *

I I

li !' '!:

!»•,

V !

I, I

1 .

1 ?

V:
5' :

1' '

i !

184

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

The first Decade.

power, and rurnimentes of warre of our kinges, and of the multitudes of cities and towncs,
which were vnder their dominions. Intending therefore to haue gone with the Admirall, his
wife and children fell prostrate at his feete, with tearcs desiring him not to forsake them
and leaue them desolate at wliose pitifull rcquestes, the worthy olde man bceing moucd,
remained at home to the comfort of his people and familic, satisfiyng rather them then him-
selfe : for net yet cca-^ing to woondcr, and of heaiiie countenance because he might not
depart, hcc demaundcd oftentimes if that lande was not heauen, which brought foorth such a
Thebiidcjs kindeofmcn? For it is rerfaine that arong them the lande is as common as sunne and
commoinsihe ^yajpf -,nd that Minc and Thine (the scedes of ail mischirfc) haue no place with them.

•uniic and „,, ' -ii-ii- i ,i i*^ n • • <

water. 1 licy are content with so litle, that in so large a countrcy they haue rather superfluitie then

scarrenesse: so that (as we haue sayde before) tlicy secme to liuc in the golden worlde
withnut toyle, lining in ojien gardens, but intrenched with ditches, diuided with hedges, or
defended with walles : they deale truely one with another without lawes, without booke, and
without iiid;es: they take him f(M" an enill and misrhieuous man, which taketh pleasure in
dooing hurt to other. .And alln-it that they delight not in superfluities, yet make they jiro-
xiision for the inrrra-e of such roots whereof they make their bread, as Mai/.ium, lucca, and
Ages, contented with such simple dyet, whereby health is presented, and diseases auoided.
The Admiral therefore departing from thcnre, and minding to returne againe shortly after,
chaunced to rome ag:iine to t!ie Ilandc of lamaica, being on the South side tiiereof, and
coastet! all along i>y the shore of the same from liie West to the East, from whose last corner
on the East side, when hee sawe towarde the North side on his left handc certaine high
inountaincs, lee kncwe at the length that it was the South side of the Ilande of Hispaniol.i,
which hee haddc not passed by. Wherefore at the Calendcs of September, entring into the
haurn of the same llaiule, called saint Nicht.las hauen, he rcjjayred his shippes, to the intent
that he might againe wast and spuyle the llandes of theCanibales, and burne all their Canoas,
that tlidse ranening Wolues might no longer persecute and deuoure the innocent sheepe : but
he was at this time hinderi'd of his j)urj)<)se, by reason of a disease which hee had gotten bv
too much walciiing. Thus i)cinge feeide, and wcake, hee was Icdde of the Mariners to the
citlie of Kabelia, wiirre, with l:is two breihcren which wire there, and other of his familiars,
hee reroiieri'd his healtii insiiorte space : vet coulde lue not at lliistime a^sayle theCanibales,
by reason of sciijiion tli.if was ri^en of late among the S|)aiiyardes which lie had left in
Hisjianiola, whenof we will spcike mure hereafter. Thus fare ye well.

The fdurlli booke of the first Decade, to Lodouikc Cardinal of Aragonie.

COldiuis the Admirall ofiheOii'an, returning (.ns heesnpjjosed) from the continent or flrme
land of I'.ast India, hadile aduertisment flial his lirother Boilus, and one Peter Margarita, an
olde familiar of tiie Kings, and a noble man, with diners other <d' those to whnni he had I ft
f'le gouernu't of the Ilaiul. were (nf corrupted mind against him) de|)arfed into Spaine.
Wherefore, aswel lo piirt;e hiin>elfe of ^iii h criiiu's, as fhev ^h<>uld lay to his charge, as aUo
to make a supply ofotlier men in the pl.ice of them winch were returne. 1, and especiailv to
proiiide for victuals, as wiieale, wine, (<) le, and such other, which the Span>ardes are accus-
tomed to cafe, because tiiev couiile not yet well agree wiili sui h nieate as they founde in the
llandes, determined shortly to take his voyage into Spaine : but what he did before his de-
parture, 1 wil briefly rehear-e

The kinges of the llandes which had hitherto lined qiii«'lly, and content with their little
which they thouijht aboundanf, wheras they now pcrceiued that our men began to la..feii
ihr .spanvarjcs fooie witiiiu thcir rcgios, &: lo beare rule amonu them, thev tooke the matter >o crieui iisK,
that they thought nothing els l)ut by wliat mcanes they might vtterly destroy tiiem, and lor
eiirr abolish the memnrie of their name, for that kinde of menne (the Spaniarde-t I meanc,
which followed the .\diniiall in the nauigation) were for the most part vnruly, regarding no-
thii)<; but idlenesse plav, and libertie, and woiilde by no ineanes absteine from iniuries, ra-
iiishiii>r (if the Women of the llandes becfore the faces of their husbandes, fathers, and brethren:
by which their abliominable misdemeanour, they disquieted the minds of al the inhabitantcs,

insomucli

Siinplf dyet.

Ititpan'iola.

The Caniljales.

.Sicklies of too
tiiuch Watch-

Ii.Ju.

'\hf Spaiuaides
tilifll tn the
Adnuialt ab-

SCIlL't.

The kinges of
the Ilande
rebell.

*;'»

The first Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

185

insomuch that wheresoeuer they found any of our men ynprepared, they slue them with such
fiercenesse and gladnes as though they had offered sacrifice to God. Intending therefore to a lust rewnje.
pacific their troubled mindes, and to punish them that slue his men before he departed from
thence, he sent for the king of that vale, which in the booke before we described to be at the
footeo'f the mountayne of the region of Cibana, this kinoes name was Guarionexius : who,
the more straightly to concile vnto him the friendship of the Admiral!, gaue his sister to wife
to Didacus, a man from his childes age brought vp with the Admirall, whom he vsed for his
interpreter in the prouinces of Cuba. After this, he sent for Caunaboa, called the Lord of
the house of golde, that is, of the mountaines of Cibana : For this Caunaboa he sent onecap-
taine Hoieda, whom the ditionaries of Caunaboa had enforced to kecpe his hold, besieging for Capitayne Hole.
the space of thirty dayes the fortresse of saint Thomas, in the which Hoieda with his fyftie
souldiers stoode at their defence, vntil the comming of the Admirall. While Hoieda remained
with Caunaboa, manye ambassadours of the Kinges of diuers regions were sent to Caunaboa,
perswading him in no condition to permit the Christians to inhabite the Ilande, except he
hadde rather serue then rule. On the other partie, Hoieda aduertised Caunaboa to goe to the
Admirall, and to make a league of friendship with him : but the ambassadours on the contrary
part, thrcatned him, that if he woulde so doe, the other kinges woulde inuade his region. But
Hoieda answered them againe, that whereas they conspired to mainteyne their libcrtie, they
.should by that meancs be brought to scruitude & destruction, if they entended to resist or
keepe war against the Christians. Thus Caunaboa on the one side and the other being trou-
bled, as it were a rocke in the sea beaten with contrary floudes, and much more vexed with
the stormes of his guiltie conscience, for that he had priuiiy slainc xx. of our men vnder pre-
tcce of peace, feared to come to the Admiral : but at the length, hauing excogitated his
deceyt, to haue slaine the Admirall and his companic, vnder ihe colour of friendship, if op-Caimaboars-
portunitic would so haue serued, he rcpayrcd to the Admiral, with his whole family, and so 1^11^^^,^^^^'
many other waiting on him, armed after their maner. Being demaunded why hee brought so
great a rout of men with him, he answered, that it was not decent for so great a Prince as hee
was, to goe out of his house without such a bande of men : but the thing cliaunced much
otherwise then he looked for, for he fell into the snares which he had prepared for other, for
wheras by the way he began to repent him that he came forth of his house, Hoieda with
many faire words and promises brought him to the Admirall, at whose commandement he was
immediatly taken and put in pryson, so that the soules of our men were not long from their
bodies vnreuenged. Thus Caunaboa with all his familie being taken, the Admirall was deter-
mined to runne ouer the Ilande, but hee was certified that there was such famine among the F""'"''" "he
inhabitauntes, that there was already fiftie thousande men dead thereof, and that they dyed yet pamJJa! "
daily, as it were rotten shecpc, the cause whereof, was well knowne to be their owneobstinarie
and frowardnes: for whereas they saw that our men entended to choose them a dwelling
place in the Ilande, supposing that they might haue dryuen them from thence if the victualles
of the Hand should faile, they determined with themselues, not only to leaue sowing andThthnngtr
planting, but also to destroy and plucke vp by the rootes euery man in his own region, that ''^^"'^'" ';""'''
which they had already sowne, of both kindes of brcade, whereof wee made mention in the^"" " '
first booke, but especially among the mountaines of Cibana, othe^^vise called Cipanga, foras-
much as they hadde knowledge that the golde which aboundeth in that region, was the chiefe
cause that deteyned our men in the Hand. In the mcane time, hee sent foorth a Captaync
with a bande of men, to search the South side of the Ilande, who at his rcturne, reported that
throughout all the regions that hee trauayled, there was such scircencsse of bread, that for the
spare of xvi. dayes, he cate nothing but the rootes of hearbes, and of young date trees, or the
I'ruitcs of other wilde trees : but Guarionexius the king of the vale, lying beneath the moun-
layncs of Cibana, whose kingdome w.is not so wasted as the other, gaue our mennc ccrfaine
victualles. Within a fcwe dayes after, both that the iourneyes might be the shorter, and also
that our men might haue more safe places of refuge, if the inhabitantes shoulde hereafter rc-
bellin like manner, hee builded another fortresse (which hee called theTowre of conception) Th? to«;r f
betweene the ciiie of Isabella, and Saint Thom.is fortresse, in the marches of the kingdome of """'"™'
VOL. V. B b this

m ' «

.!>. i

If:'

186

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The first Decade.

iii I- i'

^ ii ' -:' ■

Electrum U a
nu-tjll irjtu-
rally nnxt of
one ponioii
of gold, unil nn
ollitr iif jilucr,

pfitic ti' be-
wray poyson,
anJ was ihi't-
forc in cUc
tinir in ertrat-
er c-slimauon
then goldc.
The mine of
£lectrum<
An other
kinde of Am-
ber is taken
out of gi tat
whale hshes.
Oipemenl or
oker.

Woodes of
brasilc trees.

Licentionine*
of :o muth li-
beriie.

And this only
gat!tered, and
not .li|!j<d Jilt
of the body of
the mine.

this Guarionexiiis, wiihin theprecinctc of Cibana, vpon the Hide of a Iiill, hauing a fayre riucr
of wholeMome water running harde by the same. Thus when the inhabitantes Hawe newc
buildingcs to bee daily erected, and our shippes lying in the hauen rotten and halfe broken,
they began to dispayrc of any hope of liberty, and wandred vp and downc with hcauic chearc.
From the Towre of Conception, searching diligently the inner partes of the mountaynes of
Cibana, there was a ccrlaine king which gaue them a masse of rude goldc as biggc as a mans
fyst, weighing xx. ounces: this golde was not found in the bankc of that riuer, but in a henpe
of dry earth, and was like viUn the stone called Tophus, which is scone resolued into sande.
This masse of golde I myselfe sawe in Castile, in the famous Citie of Methymna Campi,
where the Court lay all that winter. I sawe also a great peere of pure Electrum, of the
which bels, and Apothecaries mortcrs, & many such other vesselles and instrumentes may bee
made, as were in olde time of copper in the Citie of Corinthus. This peece of Electrum was
of such weight, that I was not onely with both my handcs vnable to lift it from the ground,
but also not of strength to rcmouc it eythcr one way or oiher : they affirmed that it wcicd
more then three hundred poundc weight, after eight ounces to the pounde, it was foundc in
the house of a certaine Prince, and left him by his predecessours : and albeit that in thedaycs
of the inhabitantes yet lining, Electrum was no where digged, yet knewe they where the
myne thereof was, but our men with much adoo coulde hardly cause them to shewe them the
place, they bore them such priuie hatred, yet at the length they brought them to the niynr,
being now ruinate and stopped with stones and rubbishc : it is much casyer to digge ihcii
is the yron myne, and might be restored againe, if myners and otiier workmen skilfiill there-
in were appoynted thereto. Not farre from the Tower of Conception, in the same mountaine,
is founde great plentie of Amber, and out of certaine rockes of the same, distilletii a sub.
stance of the yelowe colour which the Payntcrs vse. Not farre from these mountaines are
many great woodes, in the which are none other trees then Brasile, which the Italians r.ill
Vcrzino. But here perhaps (right noble Prince) you woulde aske, what should be the cause,
tliat where as the Spanyardes haue brought out of tiiese Ilandcs certaine shippes laden witli
Brasile, somewhat of Gossampine cotton, a quantitie of Amber, a litle golde, & some spjcci,
why haue they not brought such plentie of golde, and sucli other rich marchaundizc^, as the
fruitfuliiesse of these Regions secme to promise ? To this 1 answere, that when Colonus the
Admirall was likewise demaunded the cause hereof, hee made aunswere, that the .Spanvarde..
wiiich hee tooke with him into these regions, were giuen rather to sleepc. play, and idlenes^e,
then to labour, and were more studious of sedition and newcs, then desirous of peace and
<|uietnesse : also, that being giuen to licentiousnesse, they rebelled &c forsooke him, ruidino
matter of false accusation against him, because hee went about to represse their oufragioib-
nesse : by reason whereof, hee was not yet able to breake the power of the inhabitaimtes,
and freely to pos.se.sse the full dominion of the Ilande, and these hinderances to l)ee the cause
that hitherto the gaynes haue scarcely counteruayled the charges : albeit, euen this yecre
while I wrote these thinges at your request, they gathered in two monethcs the summe of 3
thousande and two himdred poundcs weight of golde. But because we entendc to speake
more largely of these thinges in their place, wee will nowe returne from whence we haue
digressed. When the inhabitantes percciued that thev coulde by no meanes shake the voke
from their necks, they made humble supplicatio to the Admirall, that tliey might siande tn
tiicir tribute, and apply themselues to increase the Iruites of their counfrey, beeing now alninsi
wasted, lice granted them their request, and appoynted >uch order that cuery He^iitui
shouldc pay their tribute, with the commodities ol their countreves, according to their por-
tion, and at such time as they were agreed vpon : but the violent (amine did frustrate ;ill
these appoyntments, for all the trauailes of their bodies, were scarcely able to sufTice to (indi
them mcatc in the woodes, where!)y to susteync their lines, beeing <if long time contcnierl
with rootcs and the f'mitcs of \Nyldc trees: yet many of the kinges with their people, euon in
this extreamc nece>;sitie, brought parte of their tribute, most huinbiv desiring the Admir.ill t.
haue compassion of their calamities and to beare with them vet a while, vntil the Ilande were
restored to the olde state, promising further, that that which was nowe wanting, shoulde then i)c

doulilc

\ S

iii'

The first Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DlSCOUnnillS.

187

Tayre riucr
awe ncwc
f'c broken,
lie chcarc.
ntayncs of
! as a mans
in a henpe
nto .oande.
na Cam pi,
im, of the
c<t may bee
i-ctrum was
he ground,
It it wcicd
I fouiulc in
n the dayes

where the
re them the

the m\ne,
difigc then
ilfiill there-
inniintaiiie,
Icth a siih-
iiitaines are
Italians rail

the cause,

laden with
lome spices,
lizos, as llie
Colonus the
Spanvanle-i
id idlencs>;e,
r peace and
him, fnulini:
• oiifrafrion'.-
ihabitaimtes,
leo the cause
•n this yccre
siimme of a
dc to spcalie
ncc wc haiie
ike the yoke
ht slandc tn
g now abiKwt
iiery Hc^^ion
to their por-
1 frustrate all
iflicc lo findr
ne contented
)ple, eucn in
-■ Admir.ill ti'
! liande were
)ulde then he
double

double rccompenced. But fewe of the inhabitantes of the mountaines of Cibana kept their
promise, because they were sorer oppressed with famine then anie of the other. Tliey say
that the inhabitants of these mnutaities differ no lesse in language and manners from them Tht nimte at
whiche dwell in the playnes, then among vs the rusticalles of the countrey. from the gentle- J,'",;^";"^"^^^.
men of the court: whereas notwithstanding they Hue as it were both vnder one portion ol'mrufihcrto.
heauen, and in many thinges much after one Tashion. as in nakednesse, and -ude simplicitie.'''''
Hut nowe let vs return to Caunaboa the king of the house of golde, bei'.g in captiuitie. KinitCjuni.
When hee perceiued him selfe to bee cast in pryson, fretting and grating his teeth, as it had [;°-,'""''"'
beene a Lion of Libia, and dayly and nightly deuising with himselfe howe hee might bee
deliuered, beeganne to perswade the Admirall, that forasmuch as he hadde nowe taken vnto
his dominion the region of Cipanga or Cibana (whcrof he was king) it shoulde be expedient
to scnde thither a garryson of Christian men, to defend the same from the incursions of his
old enemies and borderers : for he sayde, that it was signified vnto him, that the countrey
was wasted and spoyled with such incursions. By this craftic deuise, hee thought to haue
brought to passe, that his broth"'" which was in that region, and the other his kinsfolkes and
i'riendes with their adherentes, sU 'uld haue taken, eyther by sleight or force, as many of our
men as might haue redeemed him. But the Admirall vnderstanding his craftie meaning, sent
Hoieda with suche a companie of men, as might vanquishe the Cibanians, if they shoulde
inoue warre againste them. Ourmenne had scarcelye entred into the region, but the brother
of Caunaboa came against them with an armie of fyuc thousande naked men, armed after 'heir Cau[[»*'''^J'j_
manner, with clubbes, arrowes tipt with bones, and speares made harde at the endcs with letii.
fire. He stole vpon our men beeing in one of their houses, and encamped rounde about the
same on euery side. This Cibanian, as a man not ignorant in the discipline of warre, about
the distaunce of a furlong from the house, diuided his armie into fine battayles, appoynting to
cuery one of them a circuite by cquail deuision, and placed the froont of his owne battayle
directly against our men. When he had thus .set his battayles in good aray, he gaue certaine
signcs that the whole army should marche forwarde in order with equall paces, and with a 's" ^^ „nflic, t,.
rome freshly assayle their enemies, in such sort that none might escape. But our men iudg-twrcnethcci-
iiig it better to encounter with one of the battayles, then to abide the brunt of the whole ar- ^'"""'jjjl'"'
mie, giiue oneset on the matne battayle aranged in the playne, because that place was most
commodious for the horsmen. When the horsmen therefore had giuen the charge, they ouer-
threwe them with the brestes of their horses, and slue as many as abode the end of the fight,
the residue being stricken with feare, disparcled, and fled to the mountaines and rockes: from
whence they made a pitifull howling to our men, desiring them to spare them, protesting that
they woulde neuer more rebell, but doe what so euer they woiilde commaunde them, if they
woulde suffer them to line in their owne countrey. Thus the brother of Caunaboa being
taken, the Admirall licenced the people to resort euery man to his owne: these thinges thus
fortunately atchiued, this Region was pacified. Among these mountaines, the vale which
Caunaboa inhabited, is called Magona, and is exceeding fruitfull, hailing in it many goodly
springes and riuers, in the sande whereof is foimde great plentie of golde. The same yeere
in the moneth of lune, they say there arose such a boy.strous tempest of wind from the South- AgrMttfrn.
west, as hath not lightly been heard of, the violence wherof was such, that it plucked vp by ^"JU J,,', ,„
the roots whatsoeuer great trees were within the reach of the force thereof. When this
whyrlewinde came to the haucn of the citie, it beate downe to the botlome of the sea three
shippes, which lay at ankor, and broke the cables in sunder, and that (which is the greater
maruayle) without any storme or roughncsse of the sea, onely turning them three or foure
times abtnit. Tiie inhabitantes also allirme, that the same yccre the sea extended it selfe fur-
ther into the lande, and rose higher then ciirr it did becfore by the memorie of man, by the
space of a cubite. The people therefore muttered among thcmselues, that our nation had
troui)lcd the elcmentes, & caused such portentous signes. These tempestes of the ayre
(which the Grecians callTiphones, that i.s, whirlewindes) they call Furacanes, which thev say, wh.rifmndi.
doc often times chaunce in this Ilande : but that neyther they, nor their great graund-fathcrs, '"""""•
cucr sawe such violent and furious Furacanes, that plucked vp great trees by the rootcs, nei-

11 b 2 thcr

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1 -I

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' c

J I

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i*§ .

188

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIOXS,

The fust Decade.

The Htith of
kiiijj Cauiu-
biu and hit
brulhcr.

Thf (joldf min
nf SuJumuii.

Guldr Im ilir
I i|'crt;n..ll
yirtti if tlir
fartti.

The foldrn

lower.

I.sckr of \
tiylij.

Vutiiallf!
bruUL'ht fium

thcr yet .niich surge?. aiul vcluincnt motions on the »ca, that so wnHted the liinti a* in deeile it
may appcarc, forasmiuh as whcrcsociicr the nca banj^e** arc ncrrc to any plaine, there arc in
a nianer ciieric where (lori^hing nie«lowcs reaching eucn to the shore : but nowe let vh retiirne
to Caiinaboa. As king Cnunaboa therefore and hin brother Hhoiild haiie been brought
into Spaine, tliey «lyed by tlie way, for very pcnstiuenexsc and anguish of minde. The Admi-
ral whose shippes were drowned in the foresaidc tempest, pcrceiuing himselfc to be now en-
closed, rommaiinded forthwith two other shippes (which the Spaniardes call Carauelas) to hoe
made: for hee had with him all manner of Artificers perteyning thereunto. While these
thinges were dooing, hec sent foorlh Bartholomeu^ Colonus his brother, becing Lieutenant ni°
tlie liandc, with an armic of men to search the goldc myncs, bceing distant threescore leagues
from the ciiie of Isibclla, which wore foiindc by the conduct of certaine people of the Hand,
before the mines of Cipanga or Cibana were' knownc. In these mynes they found certaine
:■ deepe pits, which had bcenc digged in old time, out of these pities, the Admirall ( whoaflirm-
cth this Hand of Hispaniola to be Ophir, as we sayde before) supposcth that Solomon the
king of liierusaleni had his great riches of gold, whereof we read in the olde Testament, and
that his ships say led to this Ophir by the goulfc of Persia, called Sinus Fersicus. Hut whether
it be so or not, it lieth not in mc to iudge, but in my opinion it is far of As the mynert
digged the stiperficiallor vppermost part of the earth of the mynes, during fur the spare of
sixe myles, and in diners places sifted the same on the drie land, they found such pientie ol
golde, that cuery hyred labourer could easily (indc euerie day the weight of three drammcs.
Tiiesc mines bceing thus searched and found, the Lieuetenant rertilied the Admirall hrcreof Iw
his letters, the which when he had receiued, the lift day of the Ides of March, Anno. I41>."». ho
entrcd into his new ships, and tooke his voyage directly to Spaine, to aducrtise the kiiii of all
his allliires, leaning the whole regiment of the Hand with his brother the Lieuctcnant.

The fift bookc of the first Decade, to Lodouikc Cardinal of .\ragonic.

Artcr the Admirals departing into Spayne his brother the Lieuctcnant builded a fortresse in
the golde mynes, as hee hadde commaunded him : this hee called the golden lowre, beecuise
the labourers founde golde in the earth, and stone whereof they made the walies of the (or-
tres.sc. lice consumed three monelhes in making the instriimentcs wherewith the golde
shoulde bee gathered, washed, tryed, and moulten : yet was hee at lliis time, by reason ol
wanle of victualles, enforced to leaue all thinges iinperfecte, ami to goe seeke for meaic.
Thus as he, with a bande of armed mcnne, hadde enired threescore mylcs further within the
lanil, the people of the country here and there resorting to him, gaue him a certaine por-
tion of their brcade, in exchange for other of our thinges: but hee coulde not long tiirv
here, because they lacked meaie in the fortresse, whither hee hasted with such as be hail
now gotten. Leaning therefore in the fortresse a garrison of ten men, with that portion of
the llande breade which yet remained, leaning also with them a llounde to take those kindcs
of little beastes which they call Vsias, not much vnlike our Conies, hee returned to the fortresse
of Conception. This also was the moneth wherein the king (Juarionexius, and also Manicau-
texius borderer vnto him, shoulde haue brought in their tributes. Hemaining there the whole
moneth of luiie, he exacted the whole rribute of the two kinges, and victualles necessary lor
him and such as he brought with him, which were aboute foure hundred in number. JJhoriiv
after, about the Calendes of Inly, there came three Caraucles from Spayne, bringing wiiii
them sundry kindes of victualles, as wheate, oyle, wine, bakon, iV .Martelmas beefe, which
were diuidcd to cuery man according as neede required, some also was lost in the caryage lor
lack of good looking to. At the arriual of these shippes, the Lieutenant receiued commauiuic-
ment from the King and the Admirall his brother, that he with his men should remoue their
habitation to the South side of the llande, because it was necrer to the goldc mynes: Also that
hee shoulde make diligent scan h for those Kinges which had slayne the Christian men, and
to sende them \\ith their confederates bound into Sjiaine. At the next vovage therefore lie
sent three lunidred captiues, with three kinges, and when hee had diligently searched the
coastes of the South side, he transported his habitation, niid builded a fortresse there, vppoii

the

The first Decade,

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

180

'•1

the toppc of an hill, nearc vnto a sure haiicn : this forfrcssc hcc called saint Dnminickcs *»'»' i'"™'"
tower. Fnto this hauen runneth a riuer of wholsome wafer, replenished with sundry kindes „f "'«"'""'"•
good fishes : they affirmc this riuer to hauc many bcnrfites of nature, for where so cnrr
it runneth, all thinpcs arc exceeding plcasaunt and fruitefull, hailing on euery side
groues of Date trees, and diners other of the llande fruites so plentifully', that as
they sayled along by the shore, oftentimes the braunches thereof, laden with flowres
and fruitcs, hong so ouer their heades, that they might pluckc them with their handes :
also that the fruitfulncs of this ground, is eyther cquall with the soyle of Isabella, or better. luMU.
In Isabella hee left onely certainc sirke men, and shippc wrightcs, whomc hee had ap-
poynted to make certaine rarauels, the residue ol his men, hee conueighed to the South, t«)
saint Dominickes tower. After hee had builded this fortresse, leauing therein a garrison of
XX. men, hee with the remnant of his souldiers, prepared themsehics to search the inner
partes of the West side of the llande, hitherto knowne onely by name. Therefore about
XXX. leagues, (that is) fourcscore and tenne mylcs from the fortresse, hee chaunced on the
ryucr Naiba, which wee sayde to descende from the mountaines of Cibana, right towarde The riuer of
the South, by the iniddest of the llande. When he had oucrpassed this riuer with a com- ''"'"•
panic of armed mcnne diuided into xxv. decurions, that is. tenne in a companie, with their
cnpitnines, he sent two decurions to the regions of those Kingcs in whose landcs were the
great woodes of brasile tree. Inclining towardc the left hande, they founde the woodes, Wood« of
entrcd into them, and felled the high and precious trees, which were to that day vntouched. B'"""""''
liach of the decurions filled certaine of the llande houses with the trunkes of brasile, there
to bee reserued vnlill the shippes came which should cary them away. But the Lieutenant
directing his iourney towarde the right hando, not farrc from the bankes of the riuer of
Naiba, found a certain king whose name was Beuchius Anacauchoa, encamped against the
inliabitants of the prouincc of Naiba, to subdue them vnder his dominion, as he had don
many otiier kings of the Hand, borderers vnto him. The palace of this great king, is called
Xaragua, and is situate towarde the West end of the llande, distant from the riuer of Naib.i,
XXX. leagues. All the princes which dwell betwecne the West ende & his palace, are
«litionaries vnto him. All that region from Naib.i, to the furthest marches of the West, is
vfterly without golde, although it be full of mountaines. When the king had espied our Moumiinei
men, laying apart his weapons, and gluing signes of peace, he spake gentlely to them ( vn- *"'""" '""''
certainc whether it were of humanitie or feare) and demanded of them what they woulde
hauc. The Lieutenant answeared. That hee should pay tribute to the Admirall his brother, in
the name of the Christian King of Spayne. To whom he sayde. How can you require that
of me, where.ns neiier a region vnder my dominion bringeth forth golde ? For he had heard,
that there was a strange nation entrcd into the Hand, which made great search for gold: But
he supposed that they desired some other thing. The lieutenant answered againe. Cod for-
bidde that wee shoulde cnioyne any manne to pay such tribute .as he might not easily for-
beare, or such as were not engendered or growing in the region but wee vnderstande that
your regions bring foorth great plenty of Gossampine cotton, and hempe, with such other,
whereof wee desire you to giue vs parte. When he heard these woordes, he promised with
chearcriill countenance, to giue him as much of these thinges as hee wouldc require. Thus
dismi.>*sing his army, and soi„iing messengers before, he himselfe accompanied the Lieute-
nant, and brought him to - j.alaco, being distant (as we haue sayde) xxx. leagues. In all
this tractc, they parsed throu:' ^ the iurisdiction of other princes, being vnder his dominion :
Of the which, sonic gaue thcin hempe, of no lesse gcodnesse to make tackelingcs for
shippes then otir woode : Other some brought breade, and some Gossampine cotton. And
so euery of ihem payde tribute with such commodities as their countries brought forth. At
the length they came to the kinges mansion place of Xaragua. Before they entrcd into the
palace, a great multitude of the kinges seruantes and subiectes resorted to the court, honor-
ably (after their maner) to receiue their king Beuchius Anacauchoa, with tlic strangers
which he brought with him to see the magnificence of his court. But now shall you hcarc
howe they were entertained. Among other triumphes & sightes, two are especially to bee

lu'lcd:

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h;v

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m'i

i t ,[< ; K-'

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190

Thf kingH
wiiici.

Wfll r«uourea
women.

Dry add.

Aprctiei>aitimf.

J.. -ire men
.liyiii 111 iport.

Prpuiiion for

The f.ntfl* or
towfis 1)1 Hi»-
piniula.

Tlje golJrn
mouiitainrs of

(■'ibaiu.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The fir al Decade.

noted : Fiwt, there melte them n companie of xxx. women, beeing all the kinget wiues and
concubines, bearing in their hamlM branches of date trees "inging and daunHing: they
were all naked, Hauing that their priuic partes were cuuercd with breeciies of GoMampine
cotton : but the virgins, hauing their hairc hanging downc about their Hhouldcnt, tyedaboutc
the forcheadu with a Hllct, were vtterly naked. They allirme, that their facc«, breasts,
pappes, handn. and other parts of their bodies), were exceedingc nmooth, and well projpor-
tioned, but somwhat inclining to a louely broune. Thoy Huppnued that the^ had seene thone
most beutifull Dryade*, or the nntiue nymphes or fayries of the fountaincM whereof the
antiques spake so'much. Thi ^raunches of date trees which they bore in their right handea
when they daunccd, they deliuered to the Lieutenant, with lowlic courtesic and imiling
countenance. Thus entring into the kinget* house, they I'ounde a delicate supper prepared
for them, after their manner. When they were well refreshed with meate, the nyght draw-
ing on, they were brought by the kinges ofTicers, eucry man to his lodging, according to hk
degree, in ccrtainc of their houses about the pallace, where they rested them in hanging;
beds, after the maner of the countrcy, whereof we haue spoken more largely in another
place.

The day following, they brought our men to their common hall, into the which they come
together as often as they make any notable games or triumphcs, as we haue sayde before.
Heerc after many daunsynges, singinges, maskinges, runniiiges, wrcstlinges, and other try-
ing of maslryes, sodainly there appeared in a large plainc ncere vnto the hal, two great
armies of men of warre, which the king for his pastime had caused to bee prepared, an
the Spaninrdes vsc t,\2 play with reedes, which they call luga dc Canias, As the armies
drcwc neere together, they assayled the one the other as fiercely, as if mortall enemies with
their banners spleadc, should tight for their goods, their landes, their lines, their libertie, their
countrcy, their wiues and their children, so that within the moment of an houre, fonrc men
were slaync, and many wounded. The battaylc also shoulilc haue continued longer, if the
king had not, at the request of our men caused them to cease. The thirde day, the Licii-
tcnaunt counsayling the King to sowe more plentie of gossampine vpon the bankes neere
vnto the waters side, that they might the better pave their tribute priuately, according to the
multitude of their houses, hee prepared to Isabella, to visite the sicke menne which hee
haddc left there, and also to see howe his woorkcs went forwarde. In the time of his ab-
sence, xxx. of his menne were consumed with diuerse di.seases. Wherefore beeing sore
troubled in his minde, and in manner at his wittes endc, what he were best to doe, for as much
as hee wanted all thinges necessarie, as well to restore thcin to health which were yet acrascd,
as also vitayles to maintaine the whole multitude, where as there was yet no shippe come
fromSpayne: at the length, hee determined to scnde abroade the sicke men here and there
to sundry Regions of the Ilande, and to the castcUes which they had erected in the same.
For directly from the citie of Isabella to saint Dominickes tower, that is, from the North to
the South, through the Ilande, they had builded thus many Castles. First xxxvi. myles dis-
tant from Isabella, they builded the Castell of Sperantia. From Sperantia xxv. miles,
was the Castell of Saint Katharine. From Saint Katharines xx. miles, w.is Saint lames tower.
Other xx. myles from Saint lames tower, was a stronger fortresse then any of the other,
which they called the towre of Conceptiu, which he made the stronger, because it was situ-
ate at the rootes of the golden mountaynes of Cibana, in the great and large playne, so
fruitefull and well inhabited as we haue beefore described. IIcc builded also another in
the mydde way betweene the tower of Conception, & saint Dominickes tower, the which
also was stronger then the tower of Conception, because it was within the lymittes of a great
King, hauing vnder his dominion fine thousand men, whose chiefe citie and heade of the
Kealme, being called Bonauum, he willed that the Castel should also be called after the same
name. Therefore leaning the sicke men in these Castcls, and other of the Hand houses
neere vnto the same, hee himselfe repayred to Saint Dominickes, exacting trybutes of all
the kingcs which were in his way. When hee had taryed there a fewe dayes, there was a
rumour sprcade, tliat all the kingcs about the burdern of the towre of Conception, hadde

conspired

{

The first Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERlES.

191

connpired with desperate myndes to rebell against the Spanyardw. When the
wan certified hereof hcc tooke his ioiirney towarde them imnu'diafcly, not bcinR

Lieuetenant Th» kingn

__ _ dincoiirancd"'""'

eyihe'r by the length of the way, or fecbleneuse of hi« Houdiers, beeing in manner lore-
wearied with trauayle. Am hee drewc neere vnio them, he haddc aducrtyNcment that
king Guarionexins was chosen by other Princen to bee the Capitaync of this rebellion, and
that hec was enforced thereto halfe vnwilling, beeing seduced by pcrswasions and prouoca-
tinna: the which is more likely to be true, for that hec hadde before hadde experience of
the power and policie of our men. They came togeaiher at a day appoynted, accompanied
with XV. thou-'ande men, armed after their manner, once againc to proue the fortune of Anatm.f ..r
warre. Heere the Lieutenant, consulting with the Captaine of the fortresse and the other soul- Ba'.bll'iun"
dieri of whom he had the conduit, determined to setlc vpon ihem vnwares in their owne
houses, before they coulde prepare their armie. lie sent forth therefore to euery king a
Centurion, that is, a cnptayne of a hundred, wliich were commanded vpon a sudden to
inuade their houses in the niglit, and to take them sleeping, before the people (being scat-
tered here and there) might assemble together. Thus secretly entering into their villages, Thtkingfur.
not fortified with walles, trenches, or bulwarkes, they broake in vpon them, tooke them,' «"i"i"""«"'
bound them, and led away euery man his prisoner according as they were commanded. The
Lieutenant himselfe with his hundred men, assayled king Guarionexius as the worthier per-
sonage, whom he tooke prysoner, as did the other captaincs their kings, and at the same
houre appoynted. Foureteene of them were brought the same night to the tower of Con-
ception. Shortly after, when he had put to death two of the Kingcs whiche were the chiefe
authors of this new reuolte, and had suborned Gunrioncxius and the other kings to attempt
the same, least the people for sorowo of their kingesshoulde neglect or forsake their countrey,
which thing might haue bin great incommoditie to our men, who by the increase of their
seedes and fruites were often times aydcd, he freely pardoned and dismissed Guarionexius KinROunrio.
and the other kingcs, the people in the meane time flocking togeather about the lower, to Ii"k"i', "'"'
the number of fine thousande without weapons, with pitifull houling lor the deliuerancc
of their kings. The ayre thundered, & the earth trembled through the vehcmfcie of their
outcry. The Lieutenant warned Guarionexius and the other kinges, with threatninges,
with rewardes, and with promises, neiier hereafter to attempt any such thing. Then Gua-
rionexius made an oration to the people, of the great power of our men, of their clemencie
toward otVenders, & liberalitie to suche as remaine faithfull, desiring them to quiet their
myndes, and from thenceforth neither indeed nor thought to enterprise any thing against
the Christians, but to obey and serue them, except they woulde dayly bring themselues
into further calamities. When the oration was finished, they tooke him vppe, and set him
on their shoulders, and so carved him home to his owne paltace : and by this meanes, this
Region was pacifyed for a while. Put onr menne, with heauie countenance wandered vp
and downc. as desolate in a strange countrey, lacking victailes, and worne out of apparell, i.^keof vj>
whereas xv. moncthes were nowe passed since the Admiralls departure, duryng which time, "'''"•
they coulde heare nothing out of Spayne. The Lieuetenant cofmorted them all that hce
coulde with fayre words and promises. In the meane time, Beuchius Anachaucoa (the king
of the West partes of the He^ion of Xaragua (ofwhome wee spake before) sent messengers
to the Lieutenant, to signifie vnio him, that hee had in a readines the gossampine cotton,
and such other thinges as he willed him to prepare for the payment of his trybute. Where-
upon the Lieuetenant tooke his iourney thither, and was honorably receiued of the king and
his sister, sometime the wife of Caunaboa the king of Cibana, bearing no lesse rule in the
gouernaunce of her brothers kingdomc, then he himselfe: For they affirmed her to bee a
wise woman, of good maners, & pleasant in companie. She earnestly perswaded her bro-
ther, by tiie example of her husband, to loue & obey the Christians. This woman w.is
calleil Anacaona. Hee founde in the palace of Beuchius Anacauchoa. xxxii. kings, which
had brought their tributes with them, and abode his comming. They brought with them
also, beside their tribute assigned them further to demerite the fauour of our men, great
plenty of vitails, as both kindes of bread, conies, and fishes, already dried, because they

should

. kinjfs.

. ' f\

V :

'» I

'■ I

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

Thtjir»t Dcendc,

rjtin.

»(rrcni«iui«ii.|ihoul(l not piitrifle : Rrrpfnle* nlao or that kincle which wee layde to be eiteemed amon)^
them ait m«)t*t delicate meal, Ik like vnio Crocodilen aauing in hiRneiac. Thcac Serprnu
they cal luannns, which our men learned (Momwhat too fate) to haue bin engendered in
the llande : For vnto that day. none of them diifiit adue^ture to taut of them, by reaiion of
their horrible dcrormity :ind lolhsomiie*. Yet the Lieutenant, being entitled by the plea-
(lantnei of the kingea niittcr, determined to ta<tt of the Serpentei. But when hee rdt the fleHhr
thereor to bcc ho delicate to hiit tongue, hee fel to amainc without all Teare : the which
thing hi* companion!! percciuing, were not behindehimin greedyncwc iniiomuch that ihpy
had now none other talkc, then of the HweeineiMc of thc!io wrpcntrti, which they afllrmc tii
lie of more plcn«;iuntc taMto, then eyther our Phesantea or l'artrich('<« : but they loo<)c their
inite, except they be prepared after a certaine faNhion, m doe Pcacockex and I'hei4ante<<,
except they be entcrlardcd before they be routed. They prepare them therforc after this
TiifdrniiinHf manner: Fir'-t, taking out their bowellcs, eucn from the throte to the thvghen, they waithr
••un?'"" ' and rubbc llicir bodies vcrie cleane both within & without, then rolling them together on a
circle, inunlued after the mancr of a sleeping iinake, they thrunt them into a pot, of no bij;-
gcr caparitic then to hold them only thi'* done, putting a little water vnto them, with ;i
portion of the llande Pepper, they seethe them with a siol't fire of xwcelc wowl, and Much ns
maketh no great .sinonkc: Of the liit of them being thusMxIde, ix made an exceeding pleait:iiii
broth or pottage. They say also, that there is no meale to be compared to the egge.s of thc<.f
scrpcntcs, which they vse to seethe by themseliies they are good to bee eaten an soone iu
they arc sodde, and may also be reserued many dayes alter. Hut hauing sayde thus mud)
ol liicir cntertaynement and dayiitic fare, let vs nowe speak of other matters. When tin
J';;!""'''"""'* Lieutenant had lilled one of the llande houses with the (Jiw-ampinc cotton which he had
receiued for tribute, the kinges promised furthermore to glue him as much of their bre.id
as he would demaundc : he gaiie them hartie thanks, & gentlely accepted their friendiv
]>r(ilUT. In the mcanc time, whylc this bread was a gatliering in sundry regions, to he
briiugiit to the palace of Heuchiiis Anacaiichoa king of Xaragua, he sent niessengers to I>abell;i,
fbroneofthc two Carnuelles whiche were lately made there, intending to sende the same
hither againe laden with bread. The NLiriners glad of these lydinges, sayled about the
llande, ami in shortc space brought the shippe to the loaites of Xaragua. The sister of
king Dcuchiu.^ Anacaucho.i, that wise and pica«aunt woman Anucaona (the wife siimelinu>
of Caiinaboa the king of the golden house of the mountaynes of Cibana, whose husband
died in the way when he shoulde haue beene caryed into Spayne) when she heard say ihut
our shyppe was arriued on the shore of her natiuc countrcy, perswaded the king her bro-
ther, that they both myght goe together to sec it ; for the place where the shyppe lay wa^
not paste, vi. myles distant from Xaragua. They rested all night in the midway, in a err-
Thf irfi.ntif of tainc village in the which woh the treasurie or iewel house of Anacaona. Her treasure wan
cjijiu"" " neither golde, siltier, or pretious stones, but only thingcs necessary to be vsed, as chayre^,
stodles, settcis, dishes, potingers, pottes. pannes, basons, treyes, and such other housholdc
stutfe and instrumentes, workcmanly made of a certaine blacke and harde shyning wood,
which that excellent learned phisition lohn baptist Clisiiis, allirmclh to be llebenc. What-
soeucr portion of wit nature hath giuen to the inhabilantes uf these llandes the same doili
moste appearc in these kinde of workes, in which they shewe great art and ciinnyng, hut
tiiose which this woman had were made in the Hand of Gtianabba, situate in the mouth of
the West side of Hi^paniola: In these they grauc the liuely images of such phantasies as
they suppose they see waike by night, which the antiques called Lcmures: Also the imaiics
of men, serpents, beastes & what so euer other thing they haue once scene. What would
you thinke (mostc noble prince) that they could do, if they had the vse of Iron and Steele?
For they onely first make these soft in the fire, 'V: aflerwarde make them holowc and came
><tonfiiiihe them with a certayne stone which they find in the riucrs. Of stooles and chayres, shcc
gauc the Lieuctenaiint fourteene, and of ve.sselles pertaining to the table and kitchen, shce
gaue him threescore, some of wood, and some of earth, aUo gossampinc cotton readie
spunne foure great bottomes of exceeding weight. The day following when they came to

the

QiifPiif Ani-

Ilebriif HuoJ.

Th» Il.ndt of

Cuin.libj.

t'li nyng Arii.
lit' ri.

The firm Dtcade.

TKAPFIQUES. AND DIRCODBRIES.

the Hca Hide where wa« nn other village of the kinne*, the Lieutenant eomm'.undrtt the
•hippe boat to be brought to the ahore. The king alao had prepared two Canoaa, painted
after their maner one (or himaelfe and ceriayne of hii gentelinen, an other for hii« MiiUr
Anaraona and her wayting women: but Anacaona dei<ired to be cnrietl in the shippe l>oan>
with the Lirutenant. When they nowe appro<;hcd ncnre vnto the «hinpe, certainc great
pecre* of ordinance were discharged of purpoHe, the sea wan filled witn thundc, and tho
ayre with !imoke, they trembled and quaked for fcare, MuppoMin^ that the frame of the world
had heene in danger of falling, but when they aawc the Lieutenant Inngh, and lookc
chearcfully on them, they called againe their apiritea. and when they yet drewe nearer to (he
ithip, and heard the noiiea of the fluitei, ahalme*. and drummer, they were wonderfully
antonied at the aweete harmony thereof. Entryng into the ahippr, and beholding the fore-
Hhip and the Nterne, the toppe canlrl, the maal, the hatchcH, the cubbini*, the keele, and the
tarklyngoi, the brother fixing \m ryea on the aiater, and the aiiter on the brother, they
were both ax it were dumme and amasted and wiate not what to a«y for too much woundering.
>Vhile beholding theiic thing*, they wandered vp and downe the ahippe, the Lieutenant
cnmmaundcd the ankent to be looaed, and the aavles to be hoyted vp. Then were they fur-
ther aHtoni<ihcd, when they aawe so great a mole to moue an it were by it Nclfe. without
ore* : & without the force of man : for there anwe from the earth aiich a wynd, aN a man
would haue witthcd for of purpose: Yet furthermore, when they perceiued the Hhippc to
moue Komctimc forwarde, and sometime backwarde, sometime toward the right hand, and
Hometime towardc the left, and that with one winde and in manner at one instant, they
were at their wiltex end for to much admiration. Thene thinges finished, and the xhyppes
laden with bread, and such other rewardcs, they bccing also recomnenced with other of our
thinges, he dismissed not onely the king Bcuchius Anacauchoa and his sister, hut likewise
all their seruaiintes and women, repleni^thcd with ioy and wondering. After this, he him-
sclfe tookc his journey by footc with his souldiers to the citie of Isabella, where hce was
aduerliscd that one lloldmus XitncnuH, a noughly fellow (whom before, being his seruant,
he had preferred to bee capitaync of the miners and labourers, and after made him a Iiidge
eaiHCH of controuenaic) had vsed himselfc outra^'iously, and was maliciously mynded

MutktII initiii.

Iifnnr.tncf *
cauoih admtr**

liuB.

Ill

against him, and further, the cause of much mischiefe in his absence. For king Guario-
nexitis (who a while becfore was pardoned of his former rebellion, & perswadcd the people
to ()i)ey the Spaniardes) was by his noughly vsage, and such other as were confedered with
him, so accen.sed lo reuengc the iniuries wiiichc they susteyned at his handes, beside the
abhominable actes which they, following onely the law of nature, abhorred to admit, that
he, with his famylic, familiers, and dilionaries, of desperate mindc fleddc to the mountavnes,
bting distant from Isabella onely tcnne leagues westwarde, towanle the North side of the
M>a. These mountaynes. and also the inhabitauntes of the same, they call bv one name.
C'iuiiaios. The great king of all the kinges and Regions of these mountaincs is railed
Maiobanexiu!*, and his court or palace is named Capronus : the mountaynes arc rough, high,
ind such its nn manne can passe to the toppes thereot', they arc also betiding, and hauc their
t'orners rcarhing downe to the sea. Betweenc both the corners of the nmuntaynes, is there
a great playne, by the whiche many riuers fall from the moiuitaynes into the sea. the peo-
ple ore very fierce and warlike men, hauing their originall of the Canibales: for when they
descende from the mountaiiu > to the pl.-iynes, to keepc vvarre with their borderers, they
catc all such as they kill. Guarionexius therefore, fleeing to the king of these moun-
tayncs, gaue him many prcsentcs of such thingcs as are wanting in his country, therwith
declaring how vilely, villanously, and violently hec had beenc vsed of our men, with whom
lie could nothing prcuayle, neither by fairc meanes, nor by foule. neither by humility, nor
by stoutnesse, and that to be the '.ause of hl-i retorting to him at that time, most humbly
desiring him to be his defence against the oppressions of such mischieuous people. Maioba-
iiexius heercupon, made him promi%-<* to ayde ami helpc him against the Christians all that
lie might. The Lieutenant therefore n.adc hast to the fortressc of Conception, whither,
as xuone as hee was come, hcc sent for Koldunus Xeminus, who with such as followed liim,
VOL V. C c lay

The int«mp««

raticy !< mjticf
of a rruile v\i
iduiiiccil.

Cisiiii'i.in..

\\\ »

fir*';'*

■•■■ i?!" '^ , ^

'< , •'■

' li H

|i :(!

1 *

I.!

194

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The first Decade.

Jjcditluusncs
ill libcttie*

Hercules pyl-
lers.

A violent per-
swision.

The furie of
Guarionexiui.

i( ^ f

I:iy in certaine of the Hand villages, xii. myles distant from the fortressc. At his comming,
the Lieiietenant asked him what all thesestirres and tumultes meant ? Hee answered without
abashment. Your brother the Admirall hath to do therewith, and shall aunswere for the same
before the king, for we pcrceiue that the king hath so put him in trust, that he hath no re-
•^arde to vs : here wee perish for hunger, while wee followe you, and are dryuen to
seeke our vnhappie food in the desertes : Your brother also assignetl mce assistaunt with
vou in goucrning the Ilande. Wherefoic sith you haue no more respect vnto vs, we are
determined no longer to bee vnder your obedience. When Roldanus had spoken these
wordes, and such other, the Licuetenant woulde haue laydc handes on him, but he escaped
his fingers, and fledde to the West partes of the region of Xaragua, hauing with him a trayne
of threescore and ten men, which were of his confederacie. Here this filthy sinke of rebelles
thus conspired, playde their vages, and liued with loose bridles in all kinde of mischiefe,
robbing the people, spoyling the countrey, and rauishing both wyues and virgins. Whyle
these thingcs were doing in the Ilande, the Admiral had eight shippes appoynted him by
the king, of the which hee sent two laden with victuallcs, from Cales or Gades of Hercules
pyllcrs, directly to the Lieutenant his brother. These shippes by chaunce arriued first on
the side of the Ilande where Roldanus Ximcnus ranged with his companions. Roldanus
in shorte time haddc seduced them, promising them in the steede of mattockes, wenches
pappes : for labour, pleasure : for hunger, abundance : and for wearynesse and watching,
sleepe & quietnesse. Guarionexius in the meane time assembled a power of his friendes
and confederates, & came oftentimes downe into the plaine, and slue as manie of the
Christian men as hee coulde meete conucniently, and also of the Ilande menne which were
their friendes, wasting their groundc, destroying their secdes, and spoyling their vyilagcs.
But Roldanus and his adherents, albeit they had knowledge that the Admirall woulde shortly
come, ytt feared they no thing, because they had seduced the newc men which came in the
first shif pes. While the Licuetenaunt was thus tossed in the myddest of these stormes, in
the meane time his brother the Admirall set forwarde from the coaslcs of Spayne: but not
ihe third voyage directly to Ilispaniola, for he turned more towarde the South. In the which voyage, what
he did, what coastcs both of the lande and sea he compassed, and what newe regions ho
discouercd, \s'ee will first declare: for to what ende and conclusion the sayd tunuiltes and
seditions came, wc will expresse in the ende of the booke following. Thus fare ye well.

The sixt booke of the first Decade, to Lodouike Cardinal of Aragonic.

COIonus the Admirall, the thirde day of the Calcndes of lune, in the yearc of Chri.ste
1498. hoysed vp his sayles in the hauen of the towne Barramedabas, not farre distant from
(ales, & set forward on his voyage with eight ships laden with victualles and other necessa-
ries. He <liuerled from his accustomed race, which was by the Ilandes of Canarie, by re.i-
son of certaine Frenchmen pyrates and rouers on the sea, which lay in the right way to meetc
with him. In the way from Cales to the Hands of Canarie, about fourescore and tenne myles
toward the left hand, is the Hand of Madera, more southward then the city of Ciuile by foure
(Irerecs, for the pole Artikc is eleuate to Ciuile xxxvi. degrees, but to this Ilande (as the
Mariners say ) oncly xxxii. He s.iyled therefore first to Madera, and sending from thence
directly to Hispaniola the residue of the shippes laden with vicliialles and other necessaries,
he himselfe with one shi|>pe with deckes, and two Marchanf ('nrau(ilc><, coasted toward the
South to come to the Equinoctiall lyne, and so forth to followe the tracfe of the same to-
warde the West, to the intent to search tiic natures of such ])Iaces as he coulde finde vnder
or near vnto the same, leaning Hispaniola on the Noriii i-ide on his right hande. In the
middle of this race, lye xiii. Ilandes of the I'ortugales, whiche were in oldc time called
Hesperides, and are nowe called Caput Viride, or Cahourrde, these arc situate in the sea,
right ouer against the inner partes of Cthiope, Westwarde two dayes sayling. One of these
the Portugales call Bonauista. With the Snailcs, or rather the Tortoyscs of this Ilande, many
leprous men are healed and clensed of their Icprosie. Departing sodainly from hence, by
reason of the contagiousncsse of the aire, he saylcd. CCCCIxxx. myles toward the West

Southwest,

<it' Colimus the
AdmUMU.

t'renche wfn
pyrates.

The IlantJ of
JMadcra.

Hrjiiiig t
I'aper.

The first De,

Southwest, V

vexed with ir

set on fire:

the men also

North pole w

in the which

dowdy and r:

not a litle, th

continuall da]

to his sayles.

that paralcl p

me. And th<

pleasaunt ayn

someayre, he

warde heauen

day before thi

ship, cried ou

fellows to be (

sorrowfull, as'

also that their

by extreame I

at their first aj

shore, yet sc

habited, and «

trees and hear

sweete sauoun

to harborowe s

he found at fhi

prouision of ft

neere vnto the

they founde or

■1 farre of, hau

all armed with

and cutle on tl

coiicred with f]

oner naked. I

and nature of l

regions of the

maryshcs, how

ikcpe vales. 1

p.ralels of Eth

uf the soyles ol

pic and region.*

same clime, ha

blacke, hauing

of Piita (being

of yelow coloui

by the dispositi

the mountaynes

wee knowe like

tiie North, are i

Ik him with gen

lawkes belles, a

1 .n 'M >

The first Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

19S

amo to-
vndcr
In the
called
ic sea,
these
many
cc, by
c West
thwcst,

Southwest, whiche is in the middest betweene the West and the South, There was he so
vexed with maladies and heatc (for it was in the moneth of lune) that his ships were almost Contagiouuju
set on fire : The hoopes of his barrels cracked and brake, and the fresh water ranne out : hlat""™"
the men also complained that they were not able to abide that extremitie of heat. Here the
North pole was eleuate onely. v. degrees from the Ilorizontall. For the space of viii. daycs,
in the which he suffered these extremities, onely the first day was fayre, but all the other,
clowdy and raynye, yet neucrthelesse feruent hotJe : Wherefore it oftentimes repented him
not a litle, that euer he tooke that way. Being tossed in these dangers and vexations eyght
continuall dayes, at the length an Eastsoutheast wynde arose, and gaue a prosperous blastc
to his sayles. Which wynde following directly towarde the West, he founde the starres ouer
that paralcl placed in other order, and other kinde of ayre, as the Admirnll himselfe tolde
me. And they all affirme, that within three dayes sayling, they founde most temperate and
pleasaunt ayre. The Admirall also affirmeth, that from the clime of the great heat & vnhol-
some ayre, hce euer ascended by the backe of the sea, as it were by a high mountayne to-
warde neauen, yet in all this tyme, coulde he not once see any land : But at the length, the
day before the Calendes of luly, the watchman looking forth of the top castell of the greatest
ship, cried out aloude for ioy that he espied three exceeding high mountaines, exhorting his
fellows to be of good cheare, & to put away all pensiuenes : for they were very heauie and
sorrowfull, aswcl for the griefe which they susteyned by reason of the intollerable heatc, as
also that their fresh water fayled them, which ranne out at the ryftes of the barrels, caused
by extreame heat?, as we haue said. Thus being well comforted, they drew to the land, but
at their first apiiroch they could not arryue by reaso of the shalowncs of the sea neere the
shore, yet sr ;ing out of their shippcs, they might well perceiue that the region was in-
habited, and well cultured, for they sawc very faire gardens, and plesant medowes : from the
trees and hearbes whereof, when the morning dewes beeganne to rise, there proceeded manie
sweete sauoures. Twentic mylcs distant from hence, they chaunced into a hauen, very apfc
to harborowe shippes but it had no ryuer running into it. Sayling on yet somewhat further,
he found at the length a commodious hauen, wherein he might repayrc his shippes, and make
prouision of freshc water and fuel. Arenalis calleth this land Puta. They found no houses The iimd of
neere vnto the hauen, but innumerable steppes of ccrtainc wild beastes feete, of the which •'""•
they fouiule one ileade, much like a goate. The day following, they sawe a Canoa comming
a farre of, hauing in it foure and twenty young men of goodly corporature and high stature, PtopU of comiy
all armed with targets, bowes and arrowcs : the hayre of their headcs was long and playne, f"'"],"-,"" ""^
and cutle on the forelicad much after the manner of the Spanyardes, their priuie partes were tiU'EnulnMUiH.
coiiered with fyllets of Gossampine cotton, of sundry colours enterlaced, & were beside all
(iiier naked. Here the Admirall, considering with himselfe the corporature of this people,
and nature of the land, he belceued the same to be so much the neerer heauen, then other
regions of the same paralel, & further remoued from the grosse vapours of the vales, & The higher, the
marvshes, howc much the highest toppcs of the biggest mountaynes are distant from the "
ilccpe vales. For he carne-itly affirmeth, that in all that nauigation, he ncucr went out of the
p;'ralels of Elhiope : .So great diflcrence is there between the nature of the inhabitantes, and
;if the soyles of diucrs regions, all vnder one clime or paralcl, as is to see betweene the peo-
ple and regions bceing in the firme lande of Ethiope, and them of the Ilandcs vnder the
same clime, hauing the pole starrc eleuate in the same degree. For the Ethiopians are all
Macke, hauing their hayre curled, more like wool then haire: but these people of the Hand
(if Puta (being as I haue s.iyde vnder the clime of Ethiope) arc whyte, with long hayre, and
of yelow colour. Wherefore it is apparant, the cause of this so great difference, to be rather
l)v the dispositio of the earth, then constitution of iieauen. For wee knowe that yee fallcth on
the mountaynes of the Equinortiall, or burnt lyne, and the same to endure there continually:
wee knowe likewise, that the inhabWantes of the regions farre distant from that line toward
the North, are molested with great ncate. The Admirall, that he might alure the young men
III him with gentlenesse, shewed them looking glasses, fayre and bright vessels of copper,
' huskes belles, and such other thint^es vnknowne to them. But the more they were called, so

C c 'J much

»/.;il.i

m :"! ■ '

i'- 1

■'V.

■ ■)•

' 1 1 i ■ ' ;

1. 1

196

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The first Decade.

■ ,i'

'-A

'.'

. ,

I., (

,• ■' !.

Muiicall innru'

menifs.

Thf violent
course of the
water from the
East to the
West,

The gulfe called
Os Dracgnij.

A sea «f fresh
water.

M.irmasets.
MouVcjrei.

The fayre and
Ijrge rcjion of
I'lirij,

Hu'laiic

feoplr.

much the more they suspected craft and deceyt, and fledde backewarde : Yet did they with
their great admiration behold our menne and their thinges, but still hauing their ores in their
handes ready to flee. When the Admirall sawe that he could by no meanes allure them by
giftes, hee thought to proue what hee coulde doe with musicall instrumentes, and thererore
• commaunded that they which were in the greatest ship, should play on their drummes and
shawlmes. But the young men supposing this to be a token of battayle, left their ores, &
in the twincling of an eye hadde their arrowes in their bowes, and their targets on their
armes : and thus directing their arrowes towarde our men, stoode in expectation to know
what this noyse might meane. Our menne likewise preparing their bowes and arrowes, ap.
prot-hed towarde them by litle and litle. But they departing from the Admirals shippe, and
trusting to the dexteritie of their ores, came so neere one of the lesse shippes, that one oi"
them plucked the cloke from the gouernour of the shippe, and as well as they coulde by
signes required him to come alande, promi»«ing faith that they woulde commune with him oi
peace. But when they sawe him goe to the Admirals ship, whither hee went to aske leaue
that he might comune with them, suspecting heereby some further deceit, they leapt imme-
diatly into the Canoa, and fledde as swift as the winde, so that to conclude, they could by
no meanes be allured to familiarity : Wherfore the Admirall thought it not conuenient to be-
stow any long time there at this voyage. No great space from this llande, euer towarde the
We^jt, the Admiral saith he found so outraglous a fal of water, running with such a violence
from the East to the West, that it was nothing inferinur to a mightic streame falling from high
mountaynes. Hee also confessed, that since the first day that euer hee knewe what the sea
meant, hee was neuer in such feare. Proceeding yet somewhat further in this daungeroiis
voyage, he founde certaine goulfes of eight myies, as it had bin the entraunce of some
great hauen, into the which the sayde violent streames did fall. These goulfes or streyghtes
hee called Os Draconis, that is, the Dragones mouth : and the Hand directly ouer against the
same, hee called Margarita. Out of these strayghtes, issued no lesse force of frcshe water,
whiche encountering with the salt, dyd striue to passe foorth, so that bcetwecne both llu-
waters, was no small conflict : But entering into the goulfc, at the length hee founde the
water thereof very fresh and good to drinke. The Adniinill himselfe, and they which were
his companions in this voyage, beeing men of good credite, and perceiuing my diligence in
searching for these matters, tolde mee yet of a greater thing, that is, that for the space of
xxvi. leagues, amounlyng to a hundrcth and foure mylcs, hee sayled euer by fresh water,
insomuch that the further he proceeded, especially towarde the Wist, hee affirmed the water
to bee the fresher. After this, hee came to a high mountaine inhabited oncly with Monkeycs
or Marmasets, on that parte towarde the East : For that side was rough with rockie and stonie
mountaynes, and thcrfore not inhabited with men. Yet they that went alande to searchc the
countrey, founde neere vnto the sea, manie fayre fieldes, well tilled and sowen, but no peo-
pie, nor yet houses or cotagcs : Pcrhappcs they were gone further into the countrey, to sowc
tlieir corne and applye their husbandric, as wc often sec our husbandemeii to leaue their sta-
tions and villages for the same purpose. In the West cide of that mountaine, tliey espycd
a large piaync, wliithcr they made ha-^t, and cist anker in the broade riuer. As soonc as the
inhabitantes had knowledge that a strange nation was arryued in liieir coaslcs, they came
flockinj^ without all feare to see our men. Wee vnderslocxic by tlieir signes and poynlingen,
that this Hcgioii was railed Paria, and that it was very large : insomuch that tiie further it
reacheih toward the West, to bee so much the belter inh.ibifcd and replenished with people
The Admirall thertTore, taking into his ship foure of the men of that lande, searched the
\\ est partes of the same. By the temperatenes of the aire, the pleasaiitnes of the ground,
.niul the multitude of people which they saw daily more & more as they sayled. they con-
iectiued that these thinges portended some great matter : an indeede their opinion failed them
not, as wc will further declare in his place. The sunne not yet ri>-e«, but beei i mig eucii
now to rise, being one day allured by the pleasantnessc of the place, and svseeu- r^aiiours
wiiich breathed from the lande to the shippes, they wont alande : Here they louiul a gtealer
multitude of people, then in any other place. As our men approched towarde them, there

came

i !. :,.

t.pu-k

'owes, ap-
lippe, and
hat one or
coulde by
'ith him of
aske leaue
apt imme-
yr could by
ient to be-
Dwarde the
a violence
; from high
hat the sea
laungerous
e of some
streyghtes
against the
eshe water,
le both tiu
founJe the
which were
liligcncc in
le space of
rcsli water,
d the water
I Monkey cs
and stonic
searchc the
3ut no pco-
rey, to sowe
lie their sia-
ley espyed
ioonc as the
, they came
povniingcs,
further it
villi people,
earched the
the ground,
1. they con-
failed them
1 11114 eueii
.■eu- ?iau()iirs
ml a greater
them, tl.t-re
tame

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

I l! it>:)U lilU*.

.••I

The first Dccadi.

came certainc messengers from their Cacici. that is, the kings of the countrey, to desire the
Admirall in the name of their Princes to come to their palaces without feare, and that they
and all theirs shoulde be at his commaundement. When the Admirall hadde thanked them,
and made his excuse for thftt time, there came innumerable people with their boates to the
shippes, hauyng for the most parte cheynes about their neckes, garlandes on their heades,
and braselcttes on their armes of pearle of India, and that so commonly, that our women in

f)laye8 and triumphes, haue not greater picntie of stones of glasse and crystall in their gar-
andes, crownes, girdcls, and such other tyrementes. Beeing asked where they gathered
them, they pointed to the next shore by the sea bankes. They signified also, by certayne
scornefull gestures which they made with their mouthes and handes, that they nothing es-
teemed pearles. Taking also baskettcs in their handes they made signes that the same might
bee filled with them in shorte space. But because the come wherewith his shippes were
laden to be caryed into Hispaniola, had taken hurt by reaso of the salt water, he determined
to deferre this marte to a more conuenient time : Yet he sent to land two of the ship boates
laden with men, to the intent to fetch some garlands of pearles for exchiige of our thinges,
and so somewhat to search the nature of the Region, and disposition of the people. They
entertayned our men gentlely, and came flocking to them by heapes, as it had beene to be-
holde some strange monsters. First there came to meete our men, two men of grauitie,
whome thfe multitude followed : One of these was well in age, and the other but young. They
thinkc it was the father, with his sonne which shoulde succeed him. When the one had sa-
luted and embraced the other, they brought our menne into a certaine round house, neere
vnto the whiche was a great courte. Hither were brought many chaycrsand stooles made of Oiayersand
a certaine blacke wood, and very cunningly wrought. After that our men and their Princes •"»'""'"'

197

bene.

were sette, their wayting men came in laden, some with sundry dclycate dyshes, and some
with wyne : But their meate, was onely fruites, and those of diuers kindes, and vtterly vn-
knowne to vs. Their wine was both white and rcdde, not made of grapes, but of the lycour
of dyucrs fniitcs, and very pleasaunte in drinking. After this banquette made in the olde
mans house, the young man brought them to his tabernacle or mantion place, where was a
great companie both of men and women, but they stood disseuered the one from the other.
They arc white, eucn as our men are, sauing such as are much conuersant in the sunne. white men
They are also very gentle, and full of humanitie toward strangers. They couer their priuie jj^^ju" ^''""
partem with Gossampinc cotton, wrought with sundry colours, and are beside all naked. There
was fcwe, or none, that had not eythcr a coller, a chayne. or a bracelet of golde and pearles,
and many had all. Beeing n^ked where they had that golde, they poynted to certal.ie moun-
taincs, seeming with their countcnauiice to disswade our menne from going thither : For put-
ting their amies in their mouthes, and gryniiing as though they bytte the same, still poynting
to the inountaincs, they seemed to insinuate that menne were eaten there : but whether they
meant by the Canibnles, or wilde beastes, our men coulde not well perceiue. They tooke it
exceeding grieuously, that thc\ coulde neither vnderstande our men, nor our men them.
When they whiche were scut to landc, were returned to the shippes about three of the clocke
at aftirnodne the same day, bringing with them certaine garlandes, and collers of pearles, they
loosed tlieir ankers to (lei)::rtc, minding to come againe shortly, when all thinges were sette
in good Older in Hispanic la : but hec was preuented by another, which defeated him of the
rcwanic of liis trauaylf. Wee was .ilso hindered at this time by reason of the shalownesse of sh»iowne»s«of
thcsd, iV violent k urse of tlie water, which with continual! tossing, bruised the greatest* ""'
shippe as often as any great gale of wind arose. To auoyde the daungers of suchc shalowe
places ;ind shelfes, he- euer sent one of the smallest Carauclles becfore to try the way withThevseofCa.
soundin-,', and the ! iggest shippes followed beehinde. The Regions being in the large pro- j!|nd|',°,''''''
uiiice of Pari.i, for the sp.ict of CCxxx. myles, are called of the inhabitants, Cumana, &
Manarapai i: ironi these re; ions distant, xl. leagues, is there an other region called Curiana.
When he h..d t'lus parsed ouer this long tract of sea, supposing still that it had bin an Hand,
& doubting that I.c mi<.''ir ;iasse by the West to the North directly to Hispaniola, he chaunccci .
into a ryuer of xxx. cubitc.^ depth, and of such breadth as hath not lightly beene heard of. ueyi"" dqHl""

Pq|. and bre;u1(Ii.

i> ?J

m\ I

\ i

f. I

i;i

i'i ii

mt^

i.M

198

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The first Decade.

'5(1' ■

■ ■ i!

1 1

. i

ll'-i i

"■\ •

u^fli

'• ;h

1 .

\ ■

r ■■ t >f

»
> i (

1;r'

i''.* ■'

' ! i 1 ti i '

iji': ]",» i '

■^^ 'itr

. -.'i

.•

ai concerning
(he Pole narte.

An eiperience.

A m^rueyluus
snietc.

For hee affirmeth it to bee xxviii. leagues. A little further towarde the West, yet some what
more southwarde, as the bendy ng of the shore requyred, he entered into a sea full of herbes
or weedes. The seede of the herbes which swymme on the water, are much like the ber-
ryes of the tree called Lentiscus, which beareth the sweete gumme called Mastix : they grewe
so thycke, that they sometimes in maner stayed the shippes. The Admiral reported, that
here there is not one day throughout all the ycere much longer or shorter then an other, and
Theeieuatiouorthat the North pole is here eleuate onely fiuc degrees as at Paria, in whose tractc all these
Pm£"'°" coastes lye. He also declared ccrtayne thinges as concerning the varletie of the Ntvrth pole:
the which because they seeme contrarye to th'opinions of all the Astronomers, I will tuuche
Note a Hcrete them but with a drye foote, as sayth the prouerbc. But it is well knowen ( most noble prince)
that which wee call the pole starrc, or North starre (called of the Italians Tramontana) is not
the very poynt of the pole Artyke, vppon the which the axes or extremities of heauens are
. turned about. The which thing may well be proucd, if wiicn the starrcs first appcare, you be.
hold the poleslarre through any narowe hole : For so, applying your instrument iherto in the
morning, somewhat before the day spring haue blemished their light, if then you looke through
the same hole, you shall perceiue it to be moued from the place where you sawe it first. But
how it Cometh to passe, that at the beginning of the cueniiig twilight, it is elcuale in that
Region onely fine degrees in the mnneih of lune, and in the morning twylight to be eleuate.
XV. degrees by the same quadrant, I doe not vndcrstand, nor yet doe the reasons which hce
bryngeth, in any poynt satisfie me. For he sayeih that he hereby coniecturcd, that the earth
is not perfectly roimd, but that when it was created, there was a ceriayne heape raysed theron,
much higher then the other partes of the same. So that (as he sayth) it is not rounde after
the forme of an aple or a bal (as other thinke) but rather like a peare as it hangeth on the
tree, and that Paria is the Region which possesseth the supcrmincnt or highest port thereof
nearest vnto heauen : In so much that he earnestly contendcth the c:irtbly Paradise to be
sytuate in the toppes of those three hilles, which we sayde before, that the watchman saw
out of the toppe castel of the shippe, and that the outragious streanics of the frcshe waters
whieh so violently issue out of the sayd gulfes, and striuc so with tlic ^alt water, fall headlong
from the tops of the said mountnincs : But of this matter, it shall suflice Jo haue said thus
much. Let vs nowe therefore rcturne to the hystorie from whicii wee haue digressed. When
he perceiued himselfe to be thus inwrapped in so great a gulfc beyond his expectation, so
that he had now no hope to finde any pas.sage toward the North, whereby he nii}>ht sayle di-
rectly to Hispaniola, he was cnfornied to tnrne backc the .same way by the which hee came,
and directed his voiage to Hispaniola by the North dfthaf land lying toward the East. They
which afterwards searched this land more curiously, will it to bee parte of the continent or firme
land of India, and not of Cuba as the Admirall supposed: For there are many which affirmc
that they haue sayled round about Cuba. But whether it be so or nut, or whether eiuiying
tlic good fortime of this man, they y.eeke occasion of quarrelling a<;ainst him, I can not
iudgc : But time shall speake, which in time appointed, rcuealeih both truth & fulsehood.
But whether Paria be continent or not, the Admirall doth not much contendo, but hce sup-
poseth it to bee contioKnt : He alsr affirmeth that Paria is more southward then Hispaniola
by eyght hun'hed fourescoreand two myle.s. At the length he came to Hispaniola (to see
his souldiers which he left with his brethren) the third day of the calendcs of September, in
the yearc. 1498, but (as o i times chauncelh in humane thinges) among his so many pros-
perou-*, pleasant, and luckie aftayres, fortune mingled some seedcs of wormcwood, and cor-
rupted his pure come with the malicious weedes of cockle.

1 The seaiienth bookc of the first decade, to the same Lodouike Cardinal], Sec.

WHcn the Admirall wa<i nowe come to the Hand of Hispaniola, hee foiinde all thinges
I iif spaniardri conloutuled and out of order. For Roldanus (of whom wee spake before) refused in his ab-
IiwaUa lb!em"I-! "cnte to obey his brother, trusting to the multitude of .such as were confedercd with him, and
ni)t onely beliaued himselfe proudly against the Admirallcs brother and Lieuetenauiit, some-
time his maister, but also sent letters to his reproch to the Kyng of Spayne thcrin accusyng

ioti)

Time rfueileth
i\ (him'rs.

\-.¥"'

The first Decade,

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

199

thingc*
his ab-

lini. and
somc-

both the brethren, laying haynnus m.itter9 to their chavge. But the Admirall agayne sent
messengers to the King, whiche might informe him of their rebellion, instantly desiring hisi
grace to sende hym a newe supplye of menne, whereby he might suppresse their licentious-
nes, and punish them for their mischieuous actes. They accuse the Admiral and his brother Th« spaniard«
to be vniust menne, cruell enemies, and shedders of the Spanyshe bloode, declaring that S.' '*" ^^
vppon euery light occasion they would racke them, hang them, and head them, and that they
^ooke pleasure therein, and that they departed from them as from cruell tyrantes and wilde
beastes reioycing in bloode, also the kinges enemies : affirming likewise, that they well per-
ceiued their entent to be none other then to vsurpe the empire of the Hands, which thing
(they sayde) they suspected by a thousande coniectures, and especially in that they woulde
permit none to resorte to the golde mynes, but onely such as were their familiars. The Ad-
mirall on the contrary part, when hee desired ayde of the king to infring their insolencie,
auouched that all those his accusers, which had aduised such lyes against him, were noughtie TheAdmiiai?
iellowes, abhominable knaucs and vilands, theeues, and baudes, ruffians, adulterers, & ra- *"'
uishers of women, false periured vagabounJes, and such as had bin eyther conuict in pry-
sons, or fledde for fcarc of iudgement : so escaping punishment, but not leauing vice,
wherein they still contynucd, and brought the same with them to the Hand, liuing there in
like maner as before, in theft, lechery, & all kindes of mischiefe, and so giuen to idlenes
and slce|)C, that whereas they were brought thither for myilers, labourers, & scuUians, they
would not now goe one furlong from their houses, except they were borne on mens backes,
like viito them which in olde time were called Ediles Cuniles : For, to this office they put the '""!!'"''{*'!,
miMcrable Hand men wlinm they handled most cruelly. For least their hands shoulde discon- tempu'sV
tinuo frnm shedding of blond, and the better to try their strength and manhood, they vsed
now & then for their pastime, to striue among themsclues, & proue who could most cleanely
with his sworde at one stroke strike of the heade of an innocent : So that hee which coulde A crueiHt
with moste agilitie make the head of one of those poore wretches to flee quite and cleane xim." '^""
from the body to the groundc at one stroke, hee was the best man, and counted most ho-
nourable. These thinges, and many such other, the one of them laid to the others charge
before the king. While these thinges were doing, the Admirall sent his brother the Lieue-
tniaunt with an armic of fourcscorc and tenne footemen, and a fcwe horsemen (with three
thi ii^ande of the Ilandc men which were mortall enemies to the Ciguauians) to meete the
|)e(>])le of Ciijuana, with King Guarioncxius their graunde capitayne, who hadde doone much
inisrhiefe to ojir menne, and such as fanoiircd them. Therefore when the Lieutenaunt had
londurted his army to the bankcs of a rertaine great ryuer nuining by the playne, which
wtc sayde before to lye bctwecne the corners of the mountaynes of Ciguaua and the sea, he
fi und two scoutes of his enemies lurking in cerfeyne bushes, whereof the one, casting him-
sclfe headlong into the sea, escaped, and by the mouth of the riuer swamme oucr to his
'onipanions: the other being taken, declared that in the woode on the other side the riuer,
there lay in campe sixc ihousandc Ciguauians ready, vnwares to assayle our men passing
1)V. Wherefore the Lieiiienauiit finding a shalow place where he might passe cucr, he with
his whole armie entred into the ryuer, the which thing when the Ciguauians had e.spyed,
ilu-y came runnyng out of the womles with a terrible cry, and most horrible aspect, miich
^ like vnto the people called Agathyrsi, of whom the poet Virgil spcaketh : For they were
^ .11 paynfcd and spotted with sundry colours, and especially with blaeke and red, which
they make of ccrtaine fruits nori.-.hed lor the same purpose in their gardens, with the
. iuvce whereof they paynt themseiues from t!ie forehead, cucn to the knees, hauing Hj>«madt
I their hay re (which by art they make long and bl.icke, if nature denve it them) wreathed '""s *'''"'" '')'

iinl rolled after a thousande fashions, a man would thinke them to be deuillcs incarnat

. newly broke out of hell, they are so like vnfo helhounds. As our men waded ouer

! the ryuer, they shottc at them, and hurled dartes so thicke, that it almost tooke the

" liuit of the sunne from our men . insomuch that it" they hadde not borne of the force

tlurecf with their largettes, the matter had gone wrong with them. Yet at the length, niany

l)iiiig wounded, tiicy pa-sed ouer the ryuer: which thing when the mimics sawe, they lied

whom

m -^

''.y

! 1,

(It.*

'J()0

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The first Decade.

■ J •

i? ■•!■;'

Si,..

^ i. r '

» *

iili ►!

-I

I I

tiy

^•f' * I

mi I

Kyng Maioba.
ndius.

An army of
eight ihouund
CiguiuiiM.

King Ouario-
iirxius.

ol vyte.

Tfit Lit^utr.
rantfs gtmlc-
i.ck^f ti'W.irJe

whom our men pursuing, slue aome in the chkse, but not many, by reason of their swift-
nesse of foote. Thus being in the wooddes, they shotte at our men more safely, for they
being accustomed to the woodes, and naked without any let passed through the bushes and
shrubbes, as it had bin wild bores or Hartes, whereas our men were hindred by reason of
their apparell, targets, long iaueiins & ignorance of the place. Wherefore, when he had
rested there all that night in vaine & the day folowing he sawe no stirring in the woodes, he
went (by the counsel andconductc of the other Ilande men which were in his army) imedi-
■ ately fro thence to the mountaines in the which king Maiobanexius had his cheefc mansion
place, in the village called Capronum, by the which name also the kings place was called,
being in the same village. Thus marching forwardc with his armie, about twelue myles of,
he encamped in the village of another king, which the inhabitauntes had forsaken for feare
of our men : Yet making diligent search, they found two, by whom they had knowlcdg
that there was tenne kinges with Maiobanexius in his palace of Capronum, with an armie
of eight thousand Ciguauians. At the Lieutenants firs£ approch, he durst not giue them
battaylc, vntill he had somewhat better searched the regions: yet did he in the meane time
skirmish with them twise. The next nyght about midnight, hce sent forth scoutes, and with
them guides of the Ilande men which knew the countrey. Whome the Ciguauians espying
fro the mountaines prepared themselues to the battaylc, with a terrible cry or alarum after
their maner, but yet durst not comeout of the woods supposing that the Lieuetenant with hig
mayne army had bin euen at hand. The day folowing, when he brought his army to the
place where they encamped, leaping out of the woodes they twise attempted the fortune ol
warrc, fiercely assayling our men with a mayne force : and wounding many before they
coulde couer them with their targettcs : Yet our men put them to flight, slue many, tooko
many, the residue fled to the woodes, where they kept them still as in their most safe holdc.
OF them which were taken, he sent one, and with him another of the Hand men, which was
of his part, to Maiobanexius, with commaundement in this effect, The Licuetenaunt brought
not hither his army (O Maiobanexius) to keepe warre cither against y(ui, or your people,
for he greatly dcsireth yi'ur friendship: but his intent is, that Guarioncxius, who halh per-
swadcd you to be his ayde against him, to the great destruction of your people, and vndo-
yng ol'yoiir country, mav haue due correction, as wcl for his disobedience towarde iuni, as
also for raysing tumultes among the people : Wherefore he requircfh you, and exhorteth you
to deliucr Guarionexius into their hands the which thing if you shall ptrl'Durme, the Adniirjl
his brother \s ill not only gladly admit vou to his friendship, but also enlarge and liefcnd
your dominion. And if herein you refuse to accomplyshe his request, it will foliowc, thai
you shall shortly repente you thereof: For your kingdome shalbe wasted with sworde ami
lire, and shall abide the fortune of warre, whereof you haue had experience uith fauour, a^
you shall further know heereafter to your payne, if with stubbcrne^se yon jjrouoke him to
shewc the vttcrmostc of his power. When the messenger had thus done his arant, Maiob.i-
nexius an.swcrcd, that (iuarioncxius was a good man, indued with many vertues as al men
kncwc, and therefore he thought him worthy his ayde, especially in as much as he fled to
him for snrcoure, and that he had made him such promise, whom ;ds(> lie had proucd to Ix
his f:iithful friend: againe, that they were nous»htv men, violent, and erudi, desiring other
mens gciodes, and such as spared not to shed innocents blood : in fine, that hce would not
haue to doc with such mischieuous men, nor yet enter into friendshippe with them. When
these fhini;c.s rainc to the Lieiietenantes eare, he commanded tiie vill.igc to be burnt where
he himselfc encamped, with many other villages there about : and when he drewc nere tu
the plarc where Maiobanexius lay, he sent messengers to him ag:iine, to (onimune tlie mat-
ter with him, ik lo will him to send some one of his most faithfuU friendes to entreafe uiih
him of peace. Wherevppon the king .sent vnto him one of his cheefe gentlemen, aiui
with him two other to waytc on him. When he came to the Meuctenantes presence, tic
friendly required him to jicrswade his lord and maister in his name, and earncsth' to adnm-
ni>he him, not to suIKt his (|.iri>hing kingdome to he spovled, or himselfe to abide the li.i-
sarde of warre for Guarionexius s.ike: and further to exhort him to deliuer him, excepte he

wi.ulii

:[,

1/1, V'Ji.i 1-

Tlie first Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

201

would procure the destruction both of himselfe, his people, and his country. When the
messenger was returned, Maiobanexius assembled the people, declaring vnlo them what
was done: but they cryed out on him to deliuer Guarioncxius, and began to curse the day
that euer they had receiued him, thus to disturbe their quictnesse. Maiobanexiu., answered
them, that Guarionexius was a good man, & had well deserued of him, giuiug him many a .,ot fiiihfui.
princely prcsentes, and had also taught both his wife and him to sing and dance, which Sa,"ui'k.ns""
thing he did not little esteeme, and was therefore fully resolued in no case to forsake him,
oragaynstall humanilie to betray his friend, which fled to him for succour, but rather to
abide all extremities with him, then to minister occasion of obloquy to slaundcrers, to
rcporte that he had betrayed his ghcst, whom he tookc into his house with warranties. Thus
dimissing the people, sighing and with sorrowfull harts, he called Guarionexius before him,
promising him agayne, that he would be partaker of his fortune, while life lasted: in so
much that he thought it not best to send any further woorde to the Lieutenant, but ap-
poynted him whom beeforc he sent to him, to keepc the way with a garrison of men, to
the intent, that if any messengers shoulde be sent from the Litutenaunt to stay them by the
way, & admit none to communication, or further cntrcatic of peace. In the meane time,
the Licuetenaunt sent two, whereof the one was a captiue Ciguauian, and the other an Ilande
man, of them which were friendes to our men : and they were both taken and slayne. The The Lieute-
Licutenant followed them oncly with ten footmen & foure horsemen, finding his messengers "'^"'J^j'/i^j"
dcadc in the way, hee w.is further prouoked to wrath, and determined more extreamely to
dcale with Maiobanexius, & therlorc went forward incontinently with his whole army to his
chicfe pallace of Capronum, where he yet lay in campc. At his approch, all the kings fled,
cuery man his way, & forsooke their rapitainc Maiobanexius, who also with ail his family,
ficddc to tlu' rough mounlaynes. Some of the Ciguauians sought for Guarionexius to slay
him, for that lue was the lausc of all these trciublcs: but his feetc saucd his life, for he fledde
in time to tiic mountavnes, where he lurked in maner alono among tlie desolate rockes.
Wlurcas now the Licutenimtes souidicrs were forewearycd with longe warrc, with watching,
labour, and hunger (for it was nowe three moneths since the warres began) many desired
Iraue to dep.\rt to the tower of C<incepti()n, where they had granges, & exercised tillage.
He gauc fhi in their pa<seporls with aiowance i)f victayles, and so that onely ihirtie remained
wiiii him. These three monethcs warre, they continued verie painefull and miserably : So tik Sranyndi
that during all that time, thi y had none otlicr meate but only Ca/ibi, that is, such roots [n^'w^rl!
whereof thev make their breail, and that but seldonie to their fill : also Vsias, that is, little
bcastes like ("oiiies, if by rhaunce nowe and then they tookc some with their hounds.
'J'heir driiike was none other then water, suche a< thev (ounde, sometime sweet and some-
time nuidily, snuDuring of tl>e maryslies. Among these delicatcs, that little sleepe that tliey a dfsprratf ni-
liad, was euer for the most part abroad vnder the firmament, and that not without watchmen, "'"'""^ "'<i'

, . '11 • 1 r • I ^iT- , 1 !• 1 .* thiitie men.

and in conlinuall rcmouing as the nature ol warre requiretn. vViiIi these lewe therefore,
tlu Lieutenant (U'tirinind to search the moimtaynes, dennes, and caues, if he could in any
])laic (iiule the steppes of M.iiobanexius or Guarionexius. In the meane time certainc of
liis men ( .vlioinc luiiiuer onfurceil to goe a lumting, to proue if thry rould fake any conicsl
( Ii.iiiccd \j)(in tuo of M,ii(>l)aiH\iiis Camiliars, wiiich were sent to certaine villn^rs of his, to
in.ikc pr.uiision oflinM'l. Tlie-o lie enforced to declare where their lord lay hid, i"!.: ysed
the ^alne also for guides, to bring our men to the place. Twelue of our men tookc this
t'liierpiyse in hand, painting tlieni^rliics alter the maner of the Ciguauians : So that by this
'■tralaiicine or polie ie, they came soileiiiy vpon \Liiol)anexius, and looke him prysDner, with a iKiiKit
his \s\ le, children .iiiii liintily, and conueighed them to the towre cif t'onceplion to the Lieii-
iiiiant. \\iiliiii a llwe davos al'ier, lumgjT compelled (Juarionexius to come out of the
(Icnne, wlionie Cv-rtaine of the pe(i;)'o fearing the Liei;tenaiil, ucewraved to our hunters.
The Lieutenant bceinn icrlilied hereof, sent loortli a baiule of foote men, conimandiiig ihem
f(i lye ill ainI)o«.h viiiill such lime as (Juarionexius went from the playnesto the mountayiics.
and ilicn '.odenly to entrap|<e liiiii. Thev went as tliey were coininauuded, locke him, and
lironnlit him away with iIkipi, and by this meancs were all the regions nearc about pacified
yoi \. D d and

U 11'

l>,\

,i >l

f\ ■ Si '

•I, I, I

4.4 ' •

h '

«MI

A beautifuU
woman.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The Jirat Decade.

The kingei lub-
mic thrmseluct
to the Lieute-
niat.

A nf w goucT-
Hour of the
lUnde.

The Ocean sea
hrrttofoff vn-
knowiir.

Thr naulgntion
.'f PitruiAl-
phoiuus.

and quieted. A certaync noble woman of neere kinred to Maiobanexiu«, and wife lo
another king, whose dominion wa§ yet vntouchcd, followed him in all these aduersities. They
afflrme this woman to bee the fayrest and most bcautiftill, that euer nature brought forth in
the Hand : Whom, when the kinj? her hunbande, who loued her most ardently (as her beautie
dcserued ) hearde say that she was taken prisoner, hce wanderd vp and downe the dcsartcs like
a man out of his witfe, not knowing what to doe or say. But at the length, he came to the
Lieutenant, promising most faithfully, that hee woulde submit himself'e and all that he coulde
make, vnder his power, so that hee woulde restore him his wife. The Lieutenant accepted
the condition, & restored him his wife, with certain other rulers and gentlemen which he
had taken prisoners before : charging them, and binding them with an othe, to be ready at
his commaundemcnt. Shortly after, this king of his owne free motion, came agavne to the
Lieutenant, bringing with him fine thnusande men without weapons, sauing onely such in-
strumentes as they vsc in tillage of their ground. He brought with him also seedes to sow,
wherewith at his owne charge, hce caused such picntic of their corne and fniites to grow
in sundry places of the large vale, whereof we spake before, that shortly after were scene
many fayre and fruitfull fieldes that came thereof and for his gentlcnessc heeing rewarded
of the Lieutenaunt with certaine of our thinges, hee departed ioyfully. When the report
hereof came to the Ciguauians, it mooued tlic minds of the kinges to hope of ricmencic,
whereupon they came together to the Lieutenant with humble submiwion and faithfull pro-
mise, euer after to bee vnder his obedience, desiring him to restore vnto them their king
with his familie. At their request, the Kinges wife and his housholdc was sette at libertie,
but the king kept still as a prisoner. These thinges did the Lieutenaunt in the Ilande, not
yet knowing what his aduersaries and accusers hadde layde to his charge before the king of
Spayne: who being disquieted with their quarrellinges and accusations, and especially for
that by reason of their dissention, of so great abundance of goldc and other thinges, there
was as yet but little brought into Spayne, appointed a newe gouernour, which shoulde sec
a redresse in these thinges : ami eythcr to piinishe such as were faultie, or else to sende
them to him. What was founde against the Admirall and his brother, or against his aduer-
saries which accused him, I doc not well knowe. But this I am sure of, thnt both the brethren
are taken, brought, & caste in pryson, with their goods confiscate. But as soone as the
king vnderstood that they were brought bound to Cales, he sent messengers in pnat, with
commaundement that they should be loosed and come freely to his pn'sence : whcrby he
declared that he tooke their troubles grieuously. It is also said, that the new gniicrnour
sent letters to the king, written with the Aelmiralles hande in stmunge and vnknowne
sypheringes, to his brother the Lieutenaunt being absent, willing him to bee in a rendincs
with a power of armed men to cotne and aid him, if the Gouernour shoulde proffer him
any violence. Whereof the gouernour hauing knowledge (as hee sayth) beeing also
aduertixed that the Lieutenaunt was gone to his brother before the menne which hee had pre-
pared there in a readines, apprehended them both vnwares, before the multitude came
together. What will followe, tyme, the most true and prudent iudge will declare. Thus
fare ye well.

f The eight booke of the first Decade, to Cardin.nl Lodouike.

Tile great, rich, and plentifull Ocean sea, heretofore vnknowne, and now found by
Christophorus Colonus the Admiral, by the aiithoritie & furtherance of the Catholike king,
I hauc prest'ted vnto your honor (right noble prince) like a golden chaine vnworkmanlv
wrought : but you shal now receiue a precious icwel to be appendant thcrto. rherforf
among such as were pylots or gouernors vnder the Admiral, Sc had diligi-lly marked the
courses & diffcrTces of the windcs, many had lycenccs gmnted them of the king to secko
further at their own charges, vpon coditio to pay him faithfully his portion, which is the fit't
part. But because amonge all other, one Petriis Alphonsus, railed Nignus by his surname,
sayled toward the South with more prosperous fortune then any of the other, 1 thinke it
best first to speake somewhat of his voyage. He therefore with only one ship, wel furnished

■

--^"'<.^-

The first Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOU FRIES.

203

nl hi>i owne charges, after that he had his passrportr, with commaundement in no case to
cast anker past til'tic leagues distant from any place where the Ailinliall had touched, sayled
first to Paria, where the Admiral found both the men and women so laden with cheincs gar-
landes, and brasclettes of pearles, as we haue saide before. Coasting therefore along by
the same shore, according to the kings commnndement (yet lenuing behind him the regions
of Cumana and Manacapana he came to the regions which thinhabilantis therof cal Curiann,
where he found a hauen (as he saith) much like the porte of Gadcs or Cales: into the
which f'tering he sawe a Carre of cerlayne houxes on the shore, and perceiucd, when hee
drewe neere, that it was a village of oncly eight houses. Proceeding yet further for the
«pace of three myles, he espied an other village well replenyshcd with people, where
there met him fiftie naked men on a company, hauing with them a cerlaine ruler, who
desired Alphonsus to come to their co.xxtes. He brought with him at this time, muny haukes
belles, pynncs, needels, brasclettes, cheynes, garlandes, and ryugcs, with counterfet stones
and glasses, and such other trifelles, the which within the moment of an houre, he had ex-
chaunged for fifteene ounces of their pe.irles, which they wore aboute their neckcs and armes. P«atieifoi
Then they yet more earnestly desired him tn sayle to their coastes, promising him that he *'''''"'
should there haue as many pearles as he would desire. Hee condiaccndcd to their request : omtpicnticor
and the day folowing, came to the place where they appoynted him : Lying there at anker, ■*"'"■
a great multitude of people resorted to him, instantly requyring him to come a land. But
when he considered the innumenble multitude of people which was there assembled, and he
had only, xxxiii. men in hig company, he durst not commit him selfc to their haudes. but
gaue them to vnderstand by signes and tokens, that they should come to the ship with their
Canoas : for their boates (which the men of the Hand cal Canoas) are made only of one
whole peece of wood as in the Hands, yet more rude, and not so artificially as theirs are :
these they c;ill Gallitas. These swarmed therefore to the ship as faste as they might, bringing
with ihem great plenty of pearles (which they cal Tenoras) exchanging the t^aine for our
marchaundies. He found this people to bee of gentle nature, simple, and innocent, being
conuersant with them in their houses, for the space of xx. dayes. Their houses are made of
wood, couered with the leaues of date trees. Their meate for the most parte, is the shel sh.ifiihMin
fishes in the which the pearles are engendered, wherof their sea cnstes are full. They haue rrt'engcnde"i
also great plenty of wild bcastes, as h.irts, wild bores, and ronnies like vnto hares, both in
coloure and bignesse, stocke doues also, and turtle doues : likewise geese and duckes, which
they norishe in their houses as we doe. Peacockes flic aboute in maner in euery wood and
groue, but they are not distinct with sundry colours as ours are : for the cockes are like vnto
the hennes. These people of Curiana are craftie hunters, & exceeding cunning archers,
80 that they will not lightly misse any bea<ite or binle that they shoote at. Our men con-
sumed certaine daies heere very pleasantly: during which time, whosoeuer brought them a
peacock, had for the same fourc pinnes : he that brought a pheasaunte. had two, and for a J'j'il",'""" °^
stocke dwie, or turtle done, one, and for a goone, a smale looking glasse, or a little stoe of
glasse. Thus they bought and sold with profering and bidding, denying and refusing,
as it had bin in a great market. When pinnes were profered them, they asked what they
shoulde doe with them, being naked : But our men satisfied them with a craftie answere,
declnring by tokes that they were verv' necessary, to picke their teeth, and to pull thornes The vse of
nut of their fleshe. But aboue all thinges, haukes belles were most esteemed among them, hTic?! kdifi in
for their sound & faire colour, & would therefore giue much for one of them. Our men, k«« '"'m^""'"-
iodf^ing in their houses, hoard in the night season horrible noise & roringeo of the wild Roiingof«;id

hcaslcs in the woodcs which are full of exceding great and high trees of sundrie kindes : but "^

the boa<tPs of these woodcs, are not noysome to men, for the people of the countrev goe dayl ve
a hunting naked, with their bowes and arrowes, yet hath it not beene heard of, that anv man
h.-ith bceneslayneof any wild beast. Asmanyhartes and wild bores as our men would desire >i>i'
them to bring, they would kill in the woods with their arrowes, and not favle to bring thcni. *""' '
They lacke kyne, goates and sheepe. Their bread is made of rootcs, as is theirs of the
Ilandes. This nation, hath blackc hayre, grosse and somwhat curld, yet long also. Thev

D d 2 kccp'f

bcj^tci.

"•» M-duld-

:/(

f :\^\

Lv. ,

204

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Thtfirit Decade.

1 1

I U , 1

! '1 ■'. .
I » \
1

»■

,.'■•1

1 i

4 '

I, I

I "

Cunning irtifl-
ccrl.

Tokin* of tht
(onlinrnt or
firmc Ijiidi-.

The gnliicn re-
gion of Liin-
(hicia.

The E<juino<tiall
liue.

GoMsmplnr
(rcri.

CaitihaU^iii the
guU'escf I'iina.

keepc ihcir leeth very >vhile, niul for thae purpose vie to cary a certaine hearbe beJwccne
their lyppcs for the inoit part of the day, and to wash their moutheH when they cant it away.
The women doe ail their mwines at home in their houses and haue also the cure of tyllage
of the ground : but the men apply themsclues to ti>c warres and hunting, to play. synRln^r
and daunsyng. They haue sundry kindes of water pottes iugges, and drinking cuppes made
of earth in other places about them, and brought thither for exchaunge of other things. For
they vse fayres and markettes for the same purpose, and are greatly desirous of such ihin^rw,
as arc not brought foorth or made in their countrey, as nature hnlh giuen a disposition h,
all men, to desire and be delighted with new and strange thingcs. Many of them had hang.
ing at their pearles the images of certeine beastes and birdcs, very artificiously made (,{'
gold, but not pure : these also arc brought them from other places for exchag of other
(hinges. The gold whereof they are made, is natiue and of much like (inenes to that where-
of the flcirens are coyned. The menne of this country, enclose their priuie members in ;■
gourd, cut after the fashiu of a codde peice, or els couer the same with the shell of n inr-
toyse, tyed about their loynes with laces of gossampine cotton : In other places of that
tract, they thrust the sinew within the sheath thereof, and binde the skinnc fast with a strin<r.
The great wild beasts whereof we spake before, and many other things which are not found
in any of the llandes, testifie that tiiis region is part of the continent or firme lande. lint
the chiefest coniecture whereby they argue the satne, U, that by the coastes of that landc,
from Paria toward the West, they sayled about three M. myles, finding no signe or token
of any end. These people of Curiana (which some call Curlana) being demaunded wliere
they had such plenty of goldc, signified that it was brought them from a region called Can-
chieta, or Cauchietac, being distant from them sixe sunnes, that is, sixc dayes iourney west-
ward : and that their images of golde were miidc in the same region. Whereupon our mm
directed their voyage thyther immediatly, and arryued there at the Calendrs of Nouember,
in the yeare of CHRIST a thousand and liue hundred. The people of the country resorted
to them without feare, bringing with them of the golde which we s:iyd to bee natiue in that
region. This people hadde also collers of pearles about their neckes, which were br<)Ui;lit
them from Curiana for exchaunge of their marchandises. None of them would exchaun;;o
any of thoic thingcs which they hadde out of other countryes : as neyther the Curians goidi',
nor the Canchietans pearles : yet among the Canchietans they found but litle gold rcaiU
gathered ; They tooke with them from thence certain very fayre Marmasets or Munkevc\
and many Popingayes of sundry coloures. In the moneth of Nouember, the ayre w.is then
mo!*t temperate, and nothing colde. The guardens of the North pole were out of sight lu
both these people, they are so neare the Equinoctial. Of the degrees of the pole, they ran
giuc none other accompt. These people are well disposed men, of honest conditions, and
nothing suspitious, for almost all the night long they resorted to the shippe with their
boatcs, and went aboorde shippe without feare, as did the Curians. They rail pearlei, C'u.
rixas. They are somewhat iealous, for when any straungers come among them, they euer
place their women beehind them. In this region of Canchieta, the gossampine trees growo
of themsclues commonly in many places, as doe with vs Eimes, VVillowes, and Sallowo;
and therefore they vse to make breeches of cotton, wherewith tiiey couer their priuie partes
in many other Regions thereabout. When they had yet sayled on forward by the samr
coastes, there came forth against them about two thousand men, armed after their maniior,
forbydding them to come a land. These people were so rude and sauage, that our men
could by no meanes allure them to familiaritic. Our men therfore, cotented only with their
penrlcs, returned bac ke the same way ihcy came, where they remayned with the Curians torn -
nually for the space of xx. dayes, and lillcd their bellies wel with go<Kl meate. And here it scmeili
to me not farre from my purpose, to declare what chaunced vnto them in their rctiirne whiii
they came now within the sight of the coast of Paria. They happened therefore in ihc
way, at Os Draconis, and the guiles of Paria (wherof we spc.ike before) to meete with a
nauy of xviii. Canoas of Canib.ils, which went a rouing to hunt for men who a.ssooiie as
they h.id espied our men, assailed their sliip fiercely, tt without feare enclosed the same,

difturbin''

t'\ , U If; '

i,.j;'

it. A

Ibetweene

It it away.
|of fyllajte

pes made

li thingr;,,

losition ti)

had haiijT.

y made i,\'

of other

hat where-

mbent in ;,

|l of a i(ir.

CN of that

th a strinj;.

not foiiiid

ande. lint

that laiule,

\e or token

lulcd wlicrc

called Can.

iirncy west.

ion our mrii

Noiiemi)cr,

try resorted

itiuc in that

ere brouijlit

exchauiijjr

irians golclc,

! Hold reaiK

r Munkevc>,

■re was ihcrr

of sijjht In

»le, they ran

iditions, and

»e with their

peariei, (u.

n, they emr

trees growc

id Sallowr>:

jriuie partes

>y the .Manif

cir manner,

lat our men

ly with their

(irians conii-

ere it scmeili

I'tiirnc whiii

cfore in the

neetc with a

> assooiie as

;d the •iame,

di>-tiirbinL'

Thefimt Decade

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

205

di«turbinjj our men on eucry itidc with their arrowc«: but our men »o feared the with their
gunnes, that they (led immcdiatly, whom our men following with the nhipn hoaie, tookc
one of their Canoan, and in it only one Canibal (for the other had escaped) and with him
another man bounde, who with teare» nmninj? downe his cheekes, and with gesture of lii^
handcs, eyen, and head, iignilled that cixc of his companions had bin cruelly cut in pecccM,
and eate of that mischeiuous nation, and that he should hauc bin likewise handled the day
folowing : wherefore they gaue him power ouer the Canibal, to do with him what he would. D.«h for a«iib
Then with the Canibals owne clubbe, he laidc on him all that he might driuc with hand and
footf, grinning and freting as it had ben a wild bore, thinking that he had not yet sufficient-
ly reuenged the death of hi» companions, when he had beaten out his braynes and guttos.
When he was demanded after what sort the Canibales were woont to inuade other countries,
he answered, that they euer vsed to caryc with them in their Canoas, a great multitude "f JJl'*;^^',,^," ""
clubbes, the which, wheresoeuer they doe land they pitch in the groundc, and cncampe ,htir umr'
themselues within the compasse of the same, to lie tiic more safely in the night season. In
Curiana they found the head of a captaine of the Canibales, nayled ouer tlie doore of a
certaine gouernour for a token of victorie, as it had bin the standerd or helmet taken from
the enimie in battaile. In these costes of Paria is a region called Haraia, in the which great "•"''•
plentie of salt is gathered after a strange sorte : for the sea being there tossed with the power
of the wyndes, dyueth the salt waters into a large plaine by the sea side, where, afterwarde
when the sea waxeth calmc, and the sunne beginneth to shine, the wafer is congealed into
most pure and white salte, wherewith innuincrai)le shippcs might bee laden, if men did re-
.sorte thether for the same before tlicre fall any rayne: For the rayne melteth it, and causeth
it to sinkc into the sand, and so by the poares of the earth to returne to the place from
whence it was dryuen. Other say, that the playne is not filled from the sea, but of certaine springeiof »it
springes whose water is more sharpe and salt then the water of the sea. Thinhabitantes doe """"'
greatly estcemc this bay of sault, which they vse, not onely for their owne commoditie, but
also working the same into a square forme like vnto brickes, they sell it to strangers for ex- Tin body.iof
chaungc of other thinges which they lacke. In this Region, they stretch and drie the dead JX"i«Mjf
bodies of their kinges and noble men, laying the same vpon a cerlayne frame of wood,
much like vnto a hurdle or grediron, with a gentell fire vnder the same, by lyttlc and little
couiiuniing the flesh, and keeping the skinne hole with the bones inclosed therein. These
drycd carcases, they haue in great reuerence, and honour them for their houshould and fa-
niyliar gods. They say that in this place they sawc a man, & in an other place a women,
thus dried and reserued. When they departed from Curiana, the. viii. day of the Ides of
February, to returne to Spayne, they had threescore and. xvi. pnundes weight (after viii.
vnces to the pound) of pearles, which they bought for exchange of our thinges, amounting
to the value of (iue shillinges. Departing thcrfore, they consumed threescore dayes in their
iourney (although it were shorter then from Hispaniola) by reason of the continual course
of the sea in the West, which did not only greatly stay the shippe, also but sometimes driue
it backe. But at the length they came home so laden with pearles, that they were with
cuery mariner, in maner as common as chaffe. But the master of the shippe Petrus Al-
phonsus, being arrused of his companions that he had stollen a great multitude of pretious
pearles, anti defrauded the king of his portion which was the fifth parte, was taken of Fer-
nando de Voga a man of great learning and experience, & gouernour of Gallecia, where
they arwicd, and was there kept in prison a long time. But hee still denieth that euer he
dcteyncd any part of the jiearles. Many of these pearles were as bigge as hasell nuttes and Orient pfries .,
as orit-nte (a^ we call if) as they be of the F.ast partes : Yet not of so great price, by rea- ,^^'""'"'
siin that the holes thereof arc not so pcrlecte. When I my selfe was present with the right
honorable duke of Methyna, and was biddc to dynner with him, in the citie of Ciuile,
they brought to him aboue a hundred and twentie ounces of pearles to bee solde, which
surely dyd greatly delight me with their fairenes and brightnes. Some say, that Alphonsns
had not these pearles in Curiana, being distant from Os Draconis more then a hundred <fc
twentie leagues, but that they had them in the regions of Cumana and Manacapnna, nrrc

vnto

I »

NM !

?. i

W U'

r-'

i ' I

'1^':" 1

".'

( >

I .♦

< I

.i. !

•{(Hi

Dif lUndt of
Mogiriia.

VOVAGIiS. NAUIOATIONS,

Tliejiril Decntff,

Thr niul|iiion
(if Viiurnilui,
arul Ailcd'in.
<«nu<,

'I hr Wmidft of
Cftbuui'idp.
S. Ijmci tijndr.

Thf ?torthp(iIf
<ui ul si^ht.

Hil'itjbit tt-

• luni vnilrr the

Kt|iiinuctial

Ivnr.

it At lire.

vnto Oi Draconit and the llaiul of Mariiaritn : T.ir they deny lliat «hcre in any pcnrlct fuunde
in Curiam. But lith the matter i* yet in tt)rilroucr»ie, wc will paMCto other matters. Tlui,
much you haue, whereby you may conictnrc, wh;\t cnmmodiiic in lime to come may bee
looked Tor from thew ncwe landct of the West Ocean, whrrean ut the (in«t dincouering, they
•the we iuch token* of great riciiei. Thun fare ye well.

f The. ix. booke of the lint Decade to Cardinnll Lodouike.

VInrentiagnei PinzoniH, and nUo AricH Pinxonufi, hiri ncuicw by bin brother* Hyde, which
accnmpanyed the Adniirall Coloniw in hi* fir.'4t voyage, & were by him appnynted to bee
maiwterM of two of the small Nhippe* which the SpaniiirdH call C'arauclaM, being inoucd by
the great rvchen & amplitude of the new Innde*, lurniMhcd of their owne charges fourc Ca.
riiieis in the hnuen of their ownc country, which the Spaniiirde;* cal I'alos, bordering od
the VVett Ocean. Flailing therforc the kiogn licence & pn^Heport to depart, they looHed fro
the liaiien, about the Calendex of Dcccinber, in tiic yeere. liUi). Thix haucn uf TahM, j,
threescore Sc Iwelue mylei« diMiantc from Oadc)), comonly called Calc*, and Ixiiii. mile* from
Ciuile. All thinhabitante* of thi* towne, not one excepted, are greatly giuC* to *earching or
the nea, and continually exercised in Hayling. They also directed their viage first to the
Hand of Caiiaric by the IlaiuU of IIe*perides, now called C'abouerde, which Home call (ior-
godes Mediicia*. Sayling therforc directly tow.ird the South from that Hand of HcMperidrs
which the I'ortngale* (being possessers of the same cal Sancli lacobi, and departing from
thence at the Ides uf Innuary, they followed the Southwest winde, being in the niidilest br-
tweene the South and the West. When they supposed that they had Hayleil about three hiui-
dred league*) by the same winde, they say that they brat the sight of llic Ndrth Ktarrc : and
were shortely after tossed with exceeding tempcslcM both of wind, and sea, and vexed with in-
tollcrablc heate : Yet say led they on further (not without great daunger) for the space of two
hundred iS; fortie leagues folowing yet the same wind by the lost pole. VVIierfore, wheilur
habitable regions be vnder the Cquinoctiall line or not, let these men and t!ie oulde wryleni,
.nswell Philosophers as noete* and eosmographers discusse. For these men anirme it to be ha-
bitable and meruelousiy replenished with people: and they, lliat it is viihabilable by reason
of the Bunne beames depending perpendicularly or directly oucr the same. Yet were there
many of the old writers, which attempted to prone it habit.dde. These maryncrs being dc-
maunded, if they saw the South pole, they answered that they knew no star there like vnin
this pole, that might be decerned about the poynt : but liiat they sawe an other oider of
starres, and a certcinc thick myst rysyng from the hori/.ontal lyne, which greatly hindered
their sight. They contende also, that there is a great heape or rising in the iniddest of the
earth, which taketh away the sight of the South pole, vntill they haue viterly passed ouer the
same: but they vtterly beleeuethut they sawc other images of starres, much ditfering from the
situation of the starres of our hcmispherie, or halfc ( inic of heauen. How so euer the
matter be, as they informe vs, we certifie you. At the length, the seuenlh day of the ('a-
lendes of February, they espied lande a farre of, and seeing the water of the nci to be inui-
blcous, sounding with their plummet, they founde it to be xvi. fathamcs dec])e. Guini;
aland, and tarying there for the spaie of two daycs, they departed, because ih<'y sawe no
people stirring, although they found jcrtcync steppes of men by the sea side. Thus graiiiii,'
on the trees & the stones neere vnto (he shore, the kingcs name .ind theirs, and the lime i f
their comming thitiier, they departed. Not farre from tiiis st.iiion, following the (iers ( n
the land by night, they founde a nation lying vnder the open (irinanienf, after the maiiiirr
of w.irrc. Our men thought it not best to ir()ul)lc them vntill the morning: Therefore, .it
the rysing of the sunne, fortie of our men well armed went (owarde them : against wlinni
came forth, xxxii. of them with bowes, slinges and «lartes, eiun re.idy to tight. I he other
company followed them, armed after the same maner. Our men adirme that tlu'y were of
higher stature then either the Almaynesor Pannonians. They beheldc our men with frown-
ing and threatning countenance: but our men thought it not good to fall to bickering with
them, vncerfayne whether it were for feare, or because they would not driuc them to (light.

Wheiforc

\,,'i

TheJtrU DecafU. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUKRirS. 807

Wherfore they vftnt •boul to nlliire ihcm by fairc meanw & rewanlM but thf y reU\%ci\ nil
kinde of fit:nt\ent<uie. and utood cur r in a rca'lin«Ni« Jo (iRhl, dtilarinK the «bi)ic by Mi^nnt
and tokena. Thiia our men retorted t«» their Mhippen, and they to the place from whinee
they came, without any furthi r bu»inc». Tlie fame ni^ht about midnight, they lledde, iV
|#ft the place voyde where thrv lay in the cnmpe. Our men Nuppoac them to be a v:ina- J^^'J^'^J •""•
boulK* and wandering nation, like vnto the Scithian*. without hoime!! or certainc dwelling " ' " """
places, lining onely with the fruiter of the earth, hnuing their wiucit and children following
ffiipm. Siu Mr «» measured their footeateppen in the aando, afflrme with great othcn, that one O""'
of thtjif f<rete is alirtojat as long a* two fecte of our men of the njfane sorte. Suyling on yet
further, they found an other riuer, but nut of depth Niiilicicnt to brarc the Caraiielx ; they
Mnt therefore thp f<>urc nhippe boalen to lande, full of armed men to Kearrh the country.
7Hty espyed vppon a high hill necre vnto the aea aide, a great multitude of people, to
whom our companie sent mrth "nc m.nn with ccrtayne of our thingcs tn allure them to ex-
change. And when he had cast a liawke?* bel towarJe them, they cast downe n wedge of
goldt a cubit loiige : the whichc as hec stoiiped to take vn, they liodenly inclosed him and
carycd him nway. But hrc was shortly after rescued by Kis cumpitninns, to i»ome of their
paines: for they slue eiaiht of our men, & wounded many a farre of, with their arrowed,
and dartes mndc of wood, hardened at the endes with fire. After this they cn« nrHpa.-j«c(l our
shippe hnatrt within the riuer, and came rashly within the reach of our mcnne, laviiig holde
on the bontet sides, where they were thrust through, and hewen in pecces oh it had bin
shcepe, by reason they were naked. Yet woulde they not for all this giue oner, but tooke fyp""" '•"'i-
from our men one of their boats hauing no men in it : for the gouernour thereof beeing
slayne with an arrowc, the other (ledde and escaped And thus they left this fierce and war-
like people, snyling towarde the Northwest, along by tlie fame coastes, with sorrowful!
hrartes for the death of tlieir companions. When they had sayled about \l. leagitCM, they
chaunced into a sea of frcshe water, that they filled their barrclles and ho^geshcadet there- Awiorfinh
with. Searching the cause heercof, they vnderstoodc that a vehement n-iirsc of riuers de- *""■
sccnded with great violence from the tuppes of certaine great liilles. They say also that
there lyeth within the sea, manie fortunate and fruitefull llandes, and Hell inhabited, and If/„7„''"'"^""
that the inhabitantcs of this tract are men of mecke nature, and such as doe not refuse straun- Humane peopit.
gers, yet little profiiable to them, becaune they haue no marchandyes for their purpnt«e, aa
p^nldr, or precious stones : for lacke whereof, they brought from thence thirtie eaptiii^it to
sell for slaues. The inhabitanles call this region Mariatambal. The region of the East parte
of that ryuer, is called Camomorus, and that of the West part I'aricora, in the niidlunde
whereof, the inhabitantes signilied that there is great plentio of golde : For, following this
riuer directly toward the North (as the bending of the shore required) they recouered againc
the sight of the North pole. All the co:i»te of thix tract, perieincth to Paria, the which (as R,gi„n«,.f
we said before) was first found by Cnlonus himselfe, and hath in manner in euery place ■*""•
great abundauncc of pearlcs. They say that these coastes arc adioyning vnto, and all ()ne"»'i"'P«"i»-
with ()s Draconis, and also borderyng vppon the regions of Ciimana, Manacapana, Curiana,
Cauchieta, and Ciichiba<hoa. Wherefore they thought it to be part of the firme land of
India beyond the riuer of Ganges. For the great & large compasse therof, doth not per-
mit that it should be an Ilande, albeit the wh«»le earth vncouercd with water, largely taken,
may he railed an Ilande. From the poynt of that land where they lost the sight of the
North pole, sayiing by a continuall tractc about three hundred leagues towarde the West side
ori';\ria they s.iy tliat (almost in the midway) they chaunced into a riuer called Maragnonum,
wiiirh they aflirme to bee of such exceeding breadth, that it might sceme incredible, if the
ai)tiqties did not make mention of the like. Being demaunded of me if it were not salt water
wh'-n' it diueded the lande, they answeared that the water therof was very freshe andsweete,
and that the further it ranne, to be so much the fresher : also full of llandes and wholsome
tishe : they dare auouch the breadth therof to be more then thirtie leagues. Yet if we well
wei>;h and consider the largenesse and widcnesse of Boriostomea and Spiriostomea, the
mouthes of the iamous riuer of Ister (tiow called Danubius) and howe farre they violate or

corrupt

• i

if ,

I '

908

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The first Decade.

If'' , !

1 .

'itJl«?r

V :

,|i !■■

Thf commodi-
ties of tlie re-
gions k Hands
about Paria.
Btasilr.

C<tnil<al(.'.

TrtM of Cisii
liflula.

A monstrous
t-ejst.

Fxtreir.f remc-
(iic in i dcsl'C-

C,:l.imomc .iiid
fi.ijcr.

T»-pasfs.

comipt the salt water with their frcshnessc, we shall ceasae to mariieyle, although this other
riucr be greater: for who can diminish the power of nature, but that it may make this bigger
then the other, and another bygger then this ? And I NuppoHe this to bee the ryuer whereof
Colonus the Admirall made mention in the description of his voyage in these coastcs. But wc
shall hereafter hnue further knowledge hereof: let vs nowe therefore returne to the cdino-
dities of these regions. They found in many Hands about Paria: great woodesof Brasile trees,
and brought away with them three thousandc poundes weighte there»>f. They say that the
Brasile of Hispaiiii)Ia, is much better then this to dye cloth with a more faire and durable rn-
lour. From henre, folowing the windes (which the Spaniardcs cal Northest, and the Italians
(JnTCo) Ihev passed by many Ilnndes very fruiteful, yet left desolate and wasted by reason of
the crucltie of the Canibales: for they went alande in many places, they found the ruincs of
many destroyed houses : yet in some places, they found men, but those exceeding fcarefull,
flicing to the mountaincs, rockes, and woodes at the sight of euery straunger or shippe, \
wandering without house or certaine abyding places, for fearc of the Canibales laying wniic
and hunting after them. Here they found those great trees which of them selues in diuers
1 places bring forth that fruitc or spice, which the Apothecaries cal Cassia Pliistula, and that of
no lesse goodncssc, then that which the phisitians minister to such as be diseased with the
ague, but it was not ripe at their being there. They aflirme that there arc trees of such hyy-
nesse, that. \vi. men ioyning handes togeather, and standing in cnnii>.isse, can scarcely em-
brace some of them. Among these trees is found that monstrous beasic with a snout like a
fbxe, a taylc like a marmascttc, cares like a bat, handes like a man, and fecte like an ape,
bearing her whelpcs aboute with her in an outward bellie much like vnto a grcale baggc or
purse. The dead carkassc of this beast, you sawe with mcc, and turned it oner and ouer wiih
vour owne handes, marucyling at that new belly, and wnniierl'iil prouision of nature. Thcv
.say it is knownc by experience, that shec neucr Iclicth iier whelpes gne out of that purse, ex.
cept it be either to play, or to sucke vntiil sucli time lliat they bee able to getle their liiiini;
by themselucs. Thev tookc this beastc with her whel|)cs : But the whelpes died shortly afn r
in the shippes. Yet the damme lined certaine mdiielhes : but at the length, not being able r.
abide so great alteration of ayre, and chanue of meat, she died also in the way. But ol
this be.nste, wee hauc said enough. Let vs now therelore relunic to the aucthours of the«p
thinges. These two Pin/.oiii, the vnrle and the neuiew, sustcined many greate troubles \
horriiilc tempestes and porilles in this naui^alion. I'or when they had r)()w sailed by the
coastcs of Paria about sixe luttlred leagues, & (as they sup|)osed) beyond ihecilie of Cathav
and the cosfes of K;wt India beyond the riucr of (Jange.s, there rose sodenly so fierce a feiii-
jiest in the month of lulv, lliat of the foure Caraucls which they had with them, two were
drowned cuen before their eyes: and the third lying at anker, with like sodennes caried out
of their sight through the \iolenccof the tempest : the fourth also lying at anker, was so
shaken and broosed, that all the seames thereof were almost loosed: Yet came they to land om
of this last shy p, but vlterly despairing of the siiip. Whercftire consulting with lhem-.clii>>s
what was best to bee done in so extreeme a case, and how to prouide them a safe dweliini;
place in those Regions, being out of all hope how to depart from thence, they dclermintd
to stay all the iid>abyt;iunlcs of the country necre about them, least they with the other
should conspire together to kill tliem, but their fortune was belter : For the Carauel wliich
the tempest had varied awav, was tonic »o them againe. This had in it. xviii. men: .And ihr
other that remained, was saucd and repaired. With these two therefore, they tooke ilioir
voyage directly to Spavne and thus being tossed with tempestes, & vexed with aduersiiiis
they returned to their natiuc couiitrey of Palos, to their wyues ;iiul children, the ilay hvh\t
the Calcndes of October, with the losse of many of their deere frieds & neighbours. Tht\
brought with them Cinamomc and ginger : but not very K'X'i'i because they were not liicrc
U\\\y seasoned with the lieate of the sunne, before tiiey brought them from thence. Tlicv
brought also ccriayne precious stones, which Baplista Elysins that excellent philosopher, ami
your Lordshippes Phisition, afTirnielh to be true Topscs .Alter the«e mens leturne, other uf
their neighbours being nioucd thereto by a ccriayne emulation, to proue if their roritiiic

WniiM

hi J,

' i1

The first Decade. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 309

would be any better, like men of good corage, being no thing discomforted by the harde for- M.n of n • <-
tune of their ncigliboures, knowing that it oftentimes chaunceth, that that whiche is one mans 'J^'^^^^^
vndoing, is another mans making, attempted a new voiage towiird the South by the coastes vo'yjsc!'
of Pdria, following the steps of Colonus the Admirall, who hadde first discouered the same.
They also brought with them great plentie of Cassia fistula, and found t!(at precious medicine
callet of the Spaniards Animae album, whose perfume is of most excellent effect to heale tlic Animi album.
reumes, murrcs, and heauines of the head. As toucliing this viage, as yet I know no other
iiewes that I thought worthy to certlfie you of, wherefore, I will now make an end of
this book, because you put me so often in remembrance of your departure: Yet to aecom
plishe the Decade, I will declare somewhat of the superstitios of Hispaniola. You shal now Thrsuprmi-
thcrfore vnderstand the illusions wherewith the people of the llande haue beene sediuod after pj""!,"/ "'"
the errours of the old gentilitie, and wandered in the ignorauncc and blindnesse of humane Thttrroursof
nature, corrupted of the disobedience of our first parentcs, which hath remayncd in all nati- J^f,"''''^'"""
ons vpO the face of the earth, except where it hath plcasetl God by the light of his spirite by
bis worde, to powre vpon his elect the grace of renouation, by the light whereof the na-
turall darknes receiueth some clearnesse as in a glassc, vntil imperfection shall be abolished.
Our men therefore were long in the Hand of Hispaniola, before they knew that the people
thereof honoured any other thing then the lightcs of heauen, or hadde any other religion :
but when they hadde beene longe conuersaunt with them, and by vnderstunding their lan-
guage, drew to a further familiaritie, they had knowledge that they vsed diuers rites and su-
perstitions: I haue therefore gathered these fewe thinges following, out of a bookc written
by one Ramonus an Ilcremite, whome Colonus hadde left with ccrtayne kinges of the llande
to instruct them in the Christian faith. And because in maner their whole religion is none
other thing then idolatrie, I will beegin at their idolles. If is therefore apparant by the idoi«rit
images which they honour openly and commonly, that there appcarc vnto them in the night "''"'°""-
seasons, ccrtayne phantasies and illusions of cull spirites, seducing them into manyfonde and lumiomof
foolish errours for they make cert.iine images of Gossampine cotton, folded or wreathed after ""'»?'"'"• .
their manner, and hard stopped within. These images they make sitting, muche like vnto jowSmplne
the pictures of spirits and deuillcs which our payntcrs arc accustomed to paynt vpon walles : """"•
but forasmuch as I my sclfc sent you foure of these Images, you may better presently signi-
fic vnto the king your vncle, what manner of thinges they are, and howe like vnto paynted
dcuilles, then I can cxprcssc the same by writing. These images, the inhabitauntes call
Zemes, whereof tlie Icaste, made to the likencssc of yonng deuillcs, they binde to their youdj dtiiii.
forehcades when they goe to the wanes against their enemies, and for that purpose haue they
those strings hanging at them which you see. Of these, they belecuo to obteyne rayne, if
raine bee lacking, likewise fayrc weather: for they think that tiiese Zemes are the media-
tours and mcssenjiers of the great GotI, whom they acknowledge to be onely one, eternall,
without end, omnipotent, and inuisiblc. Thus euery king hath his particular Zemes, which
he honourcth. They call the eternall grd by these two names, locauna and Guamaonocon,
as their predccessourcs taught them, aflirming that hec hath a father called by these fine
names: that is, Atlabeira, Mamona, Guacarapita, Lielb, Guimazoa. Nowe shall you heare
what they f:iblc on the earth ,is touching the originall of man. There is in the lande, a re-
gion called Caunana, where they faine that niankinde came first out of two caucs of a moun-
taine : and that the biggest sorte of men came forth of the mouth of the biggest
caue, and the least sort out of the least eaue. The rucke in ti\e which tense caucs
are, they call Cauta. The greatest dcnne, they name Cazibaxagua, and the lesse
Amaiauna. They say, that before it was lawfull for men to come foorth of the caue, f,m„ niufi.s
the mouth of the caue was kept and watched nightly by a man whose name was Ma- 'j'" <^""'' ii;
rhdchacl : this Machochael, departing somewhat farre from the caue, to thu intent to seeHoii""'"'"
what tilings were abroad, was sodenly taken of thesunne, (whose sight he was forbidden) &
was turned into a stone. They fayne the like of diuers other, that whereas they v^ent forth
in the night season a fishing so farre from the caue, that they could not returne before the
ri.sing of thesunne (the which it was not liiwfull for them to behold) they were transftTmed
VOL. V. E e into

li".

ri^'tst i

P*isj'h|: .>:.l

1 F (

'•^)'''

I I

.»

t ,

I': f'h

210

The Ni(ht]rn>

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The Jim Decade.

The tUndc of
Machinino.

Children turned
into frogs.

A specul grace.

Holyreliques.
A holy caue.

The origlnaU
of the sunoe
and moooe*

Walkynf
spiritcs.

A nvedie a-
^Aiiiit walking

ipuiBM,

Prifrtf! and
diuine Phi-

UtlUltS.

into Myrobalaiie trees, which of themselues grow plentifully in the Hand. They say further-
more, that a certayne ruler called Vagoniona, sent one foorth of the caue to goe a fishing,
who by like chance was turned into a Nightingale, beecause the sunne was risen becfore hee
came agayne to the caue : and that yeerely about the same time that he was turned into a
bridge, he doth in the night with a mourning song bewayle his misfortune, and call for the
helpe of his maistcr Vagoniona : And this they thinke to bee the cause why that bird singcth
in the night season. But Vagoniona, being sore troubled in his mind for the losse of his fa.
miliar fried whom he loued so entirely, leaning the men in the caue, brought forth onely the
women with their sucking children, leauing the women in one of the Ilandes of that tract,
called Mathinino, and caryed the children away with him : which poore wretches oppressed
with famine, fayntcd and remayned on the banke of a certaine ryuer, where they were turned
into froggcs, and cryed toa, toa, that is, mamma, mamma, as children are woont to ciye, for
the mothers pappe. And heereof they say it commeth that frogges vse to cry so pitifully in
the spring time of the yeare : And that men were scattered nbroade in the caues of Hispa-
niola without the companie of women. They say also, that wheras Vagoniona himselfe was
accustomed to wander in diuers places, and yet by a speciall grace ncuer transformed, de-
scended to a certayne faire woman whom he sawe in the bottome of the sea, & receiued of
her certayne pibble stones of marble (which they called Cibas) and also certayne yellowp
and bright plates of lattin which they call Guaninos. These thingcs to this day arc had in
great estimation among the kinges, as goodly iewelies, and most holy reiiques. Hut nowe
(most noble prince) you shall heare a more pleasaunt fable. There is a certayne caue called
louanaboina, in the tcrritorie of a certayne king whose name is Machinncch : This caue they
honour more religiously then did the Greekes in time paste, Corinth, Cyrrha, or Nysa, anil
haue adourned it with pictures of a thousand fashions. In the intrace of this caue they haiie
two grauen Zemes, whereof the one is called Binthaitel, and the other Marohu. Being de-
manded why they had this caue in so great rcuerence, they answered earnestly, because tlic
sunne and the moone came first out of the same to giue light to the world : they haue religi-
ous concourse to these caues, as we are accustomed to goe on Pylgrimage to Rome, or Vati-
cane, Compostella, or Hierusalem, as most holy & head places of our religion. They are also
subiect to another kind of superstition : for they thinke that dead folks waike in the night,
and eate the fruite called Guannaba, vnknowne vnto vs, & somwhat like vnto a Quinse :
affirming also that they are couersant with lining people : euon in their beddes, and to dc-
ceiue women in taking vpon them the shape of men, shewing themselues as though they
would haue to doe with them : but when the matter commeth to acluall deed, sodainly they
vanishe away. If any do suspect that a dead body lyeth by him, whe he feeleth any strfig
thing in the bed, they say he shall bee out of doubt by feeling of the bellie thereof: affirm-
ing that the spirites of dead men may take vppon them all the members of mans body, snu-
ing onely the nauel. If therefore by the lacke of the nauel he doe perceiue that a dead body
lycih by him, the feeling is immediately resolued. They beleeue verily, that in the night,
and oftentimes in thcr iourneies, and especially in common and high wayes, dead men doe
mcete with the lining ; Against whom, if any man bee stout and out of fearc, the f.intasie
vanisheth incontinently : but if anie fearc, the f.mtasie or vision dooth so assanlte him ami
strike him with furtlier feare, that many are thereby astonyshed, and haue the lymines of
their bodies taken. The inhabitauntes bceing demanded oi' whom they had those value mi-
per-ititions, they aunswered, that tluy were lef't them of their forefatiicrs, as bv discent oC in-
heritance, and that they haue had the same before the mcmorieofnian, composed in certaine
rimes and songes, which it was lawfull for none to learnc, but onely the kin<;es sonnes, who
coiiniiltcd the same to memorye because thev had nrucr any knowledge of letters. Tiiesc
they sing before the people on certaine solemne and festiuall dayes as most n-ligicus ceremo-
nies : \s:,ilc in the meane time they play on a certaine instrument made of onewlxde peece
of wood somewhat holowe like a timbrel. Their pricstcs and diuines (whom lh«y call Boiiios)
insfnitte them in these superstitions: These pricstes are also phisitions, deuising a thousand
cruftes and subtiltics howc to dcceiue the simple people which haue them in great rcuerence :

for

The first Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

SIl

for they pewwade them that the Zetnes vse to speak with them familiarly, and tel «hem of ignorance i.
thinges to come. And if any haiie ben sicke, and are rerouered they make the beleeue that >«»«hedwith
they obteined their health of the Zemes. These Boitii bind themselues to much fasting, & '"P"'""™-
outward cleanlinesse, and piirginges, especially when they take vpon them the cure of any
prince, for then they drinke the powder of a ccrtaine hcrbe by whose qualitic they are driiieii An„wdcrof
into a fury, at which time (as they say) they learnc many ihingcs by reuelation of the Zemes. X';?'""'
Then putiing sccrctely in their mouthes, tyther a stone, or a bone, or a peece of flesii, thry
come to the sick perso commaundina; al to depart out of that place except one or two whom
it shall please the sicke man to appoynt : this done, they goe about him tliree or foure lines,
greatly deforming their faces, lipps, and nosthrils with sundry filthy gestures, blowiiifj breath- a «ran(.e msn-
ing, and sucking the fcrehead, temples, and necke of the paticnf, whereby (they say) they """"^"'i^'s-
drawe the euil ayre from him, and sucke the disease out of the vayncs : then rubbing him,
about the shoulders, thighes and legges, and drawing downe their handes close by his fecte,
holding them yet faste togeather, they runne to the doore being open, where they vnclose
and shake their hands, affirming that they haue driucn away the disease, and that the patient
shall shortly be perfectly restored to health. After this comming behinde him, hee con-
ueigheth a peece of fleshe out of his owne mouth like a iuggeler, and sheweth it to the sicke
man, saying. Behold, you haue eaten to much, you shall nowe bee whole, because 1 haue
taken this from you. But if he entcnd yet further to decciuc the patient, hee perswadeth Angry godi
him that his Zemes is angry, eythcr because he hath not builded him a chappell, or not ho-
noured him religiously, or not dedicated vnto him a groue or garden. And if it so chaunce
that the sicke person die, his kinsfolks, by witchcrafte, enforce the dead to confesse whether They make the
he died by naturall destey, or by the negligccc of the Boitius, in that he had not fasted as he ''"'* " f"^'
should haue done, or not ministred a cuuenicnt medicine for the disease : so that if this phisi-
tion be found fnultie, they take reuenge of him. Of these stones or bones which these Boitii
cary in their mouthes, if the women can come by them, they keepe them religiously, beleeu-
ing them to be greatly effectuall to heipe women traueling with childe, and therefore honour
them as they do their Zemes. For diuers of the inhabitantes honour Zemes of diuers fa-
shions : some make them of wood, as they were admonished by certaine visions appearing
vnto them in the woods : Other, which haue rccciued aunswer of them among the rockes,
make them of stone and marble. Some they make of rootes, to the similitude of such as
appeare to them when they are gathcriny; the rootes called Ages, whereof they make their
bread, as we haue said before. These Zemes they beieue to send plentie & fruitfulnes of
those rootes, as the antiquitic belcurd such fayries or spirits as they called Dryades, Hama- Fayries or jpi-
drvades, Satvros, Panes, and Nereides, to haue the cure & nrouidence of the sea, woods, '','" ""^ 'V f'""

• <-• •• i- •■ ,. ' 11 w^ .t.. •''"> much like

springes, and tountaines, assigning to euery thing their peculiar goddes: Euen so doe thmha- to the papiit«.
bitantsof this Hand attribute a Zemes to ciicry thing, supposing the same togiueearc to their
inuocations. Wherefore, as often as the kings aske counsell of their Zemes as concerning
their warres, increase of frnifcs or scarcencs, or health & sicknesse, they enter into
the house dedicate to their Zemes, where, siuiflTing vp into their nosthryles the
pouder of the hcrbe called ('ohobba (wherwith the Boitii are dryuen into a furie) The ponders
they say that immedially they see the houses turned topsic turuie, and men to walkc with •''' he'teCo-
fheir heclcs vpwartl, of such force is this ponder, vttcrly to take away al sence. As ° *"
soonc as tliit inadnesse cca'iscth, he embraceth his knees with his armes, holding downe
his head. And when he hatli remayncl thus awhile astonyshed, hee lifteth vp his
head, as one that came newc out of slcepe : and thus looking vp toward heaucn, first he
liimblclh certaine confounded wordes with himselfe, then ccrtayne ol the nobilitic or chiefe
gentlemen ihat arc about him (for none of the common people are admitted to these mys-Secme mi-
terics) with loude voyces giue tokens of reioicing that hee is returned to them from the'"'"' '
«pcech of the Zemes, demanding of him what he hath scene. Then hee opening his mouth,
doateth that the Zemes spake to him during the time of his trance, declaring that he had
rpiiclations either cocerning victorie or destruction, famine or plentie, health or sickenesse «•"«'"'<""
or whatsoeuer happeneth first on his tongue. Now (most noble Prince) what needc you

E e 2 hereafter

t?i

H t..'

t^ii '

213

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tlie first Decade.

I I

I .1

■'i1i f

' .1'

The spirit of
Thf SibyllM.

Children wiili
two crowncs.

WduJftinf
miagcs.

hereafter to marueylc of the spirite of Apollo so shaking his Sibylles with cxtreame furie :
you haddc thought that the superstitious antiquitie hadde perished. But nowe whereas I
haue declared thus much of the Zcmcs in general, I thought it not good to let passe what is
sayde of them in particular. They say therefore that a certaine king called Guamaretus, hud
a Zcmes whose name was Corochotum, who ( ihcy say ) was oftentimes wont to descend from
the highest place of the house where Guamaretus kept him close bond. They afl'irme that
the cauxc of this his breaking of his bandcs and departure, was eyther to hide himseife, or to
;;iic sccke for meafc, or else for the actc of generation ; and that sometimes bceing oti'cnded
that the king Guamaretus had bin negligent and slackc in honouring him, he was wont to
lie hid (or certaine dayes. They say also, that in the kingcs village there are sometime chil-
dren home hnuing two crownes, which they suppose to be the children of Corochotum the
Zeincs T'ley faine likewise, that Guamaretus beinsi ouerconie of his enemies in battaylp,
and his\illage with the palace consumed with (ire, Corochi)tus bnikc his bandes, and
was afferwanle founde a furlong of, safe and witlioiit hurte. He hath also another Zemcii
called F-pilcguanita, made of woode, in siiape like a foure footed beast: who also is sayde-
ofitMilimes to haue gone from the place where hce is honoured, into the woodes. As soone
as they percoiue him to bee gone, a great multitude of them gather together to seeke him
with deuout prayers : and when they haue founde him, bring him home religiously on their
shoulders to the ciiappell dedicated vnto him. But they comjilaine, that since (he commini;
of the Chrisii.in men into the Ilandc, he fled for iiltogether, and coulde neucr since he
founde, wiiercby they diuincd the destruction of their country. They honoured another
ofgr™t'".fm" ^'''"*'^ '" ''^"^ likenessc I if a woman, on whom waited two other like men, as they wcrp
Medijtoun, ministers to her. One of these, executed the ofhce of a mcdiatour to the other Zeme«, wliidi
are vncler the power and commaundemeiit of this woman, to raise wyndes, cloudes, and
rayne. The other is also at her commaundement a messenger to the other Zemes, whirh
are ioyned wiili her in gouernance, to gather together the waters which fall from tlie hi<;li
hils to the valleies, that bceing loo>ed, they may with force burst out info great Houdes, and
oucrflowe tlie countrev, if the people do not giue due honour to her Image. There
remaincth yet one thing worthy to be noted, wherwith we will make an end of this booke.
It is a thing well knnwne, and yet freshe in memorie among the inhabitants of the Hand,
that there was somtime two kings (of the which one wai^ the father of (Juarioncxius, of
whnm wee made mention before) whiche were woont to abstcine line dales together con-
tinually from meate & drinke, to know somewhat of their Zcmcs of thinges to come, and
Am.nif)iou« that for this fasting bein^ acceptable to their Zemes, they receiued answere of them, that

illuiion of the • i • r i i i i i •■ • • r i • i .,

Within tew yeeres there shoulde come to the Hand a nation of men couercd with apparel),
which shoulde destroy all the custoines and ceremonies of the Hand, and either slay all tlieir
children, or bring them into seruiliide. The common sort of the people vnderstoode this
oracle to be meiit of the Caiiibales, & llierfore when they had any knowledge of ihcir
comniing, tluy ciier fled, and were fully delermincd neuer more to aduenlure the baffavle
with them. But when thev "-awe that the .Spanvardcs hadde entred into the llande, consult-
ing among themselues of the matter, ihey concluded that this was the nation whiche was
menf by the oracle. Wherein, their opinion det eiued them not, for they are nowe all subject
to the Christians all such beeing slayne as sfuberncK resisted : Nor yet rcmayneth ihcie
anie memorie of their Zemes, for thev are all brought into Spayiie, that wee might bee ccr-
tylied of their illusions of euill spirites and Idcdles, the which you your selfe (most iitihlo
Prince) haue scene and felt when I was present with \ou. I let passe many tliinges bec.iusi>
you put me in reineinbraiice that to morowc you take your iornev towarde ytnir country, to
bring home the epicene ymir aunt, whom voii accompaiiyed hither at the commaundenicni
of king Fredorike your Mide. Wherefore I bid vou farewell lor this time, desiring yon to
remember your Nfartir, whom you haue compelled in the name of the king your viicle, to
gather these few thinges out of a large liclde of histories.

The

dcuyll.

The idolles
iboli&hcd.

LlM:J.^'

The first Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DiSCOUERlES.

213

Millanc ill the
handesof the
Frenchmen.

The tenth and last booke of the first Decade, f •' a conclusion of the former bookcs :
written to Inacus lopcz Mendocius, Countie of Tendilla, & viceroy of
"•'' Granata.

AT the first beginninj; and ncwe attempte, when Colonus had taken vpon him the enter-
pryse to searche the Ocean sea, I was earnestly moiied and required by the letters of certaine
of my frendcs and noble men of Rome, to wryte those thinges as should happen. For they
whispered with great admiration, that where as there were many newe landcs founde, and
nations which lined naked and after the lawe of nature, they could heare no certainty
thereof, becing greatly desirous of the same. In this meane time had fortune ouerthrowne
Ascanius (his brother Lodovike beeing cast out of Millanc by the Frenchmen ) whose auctoritie
would not Slitter me to be idle, but cucr to hauc my pen in hand. To him I wrote the two
first books of this decade, beside many other of my hid cdmentarics which you shal sec
shortly : but frtunc did no Icsse withdraw my mind from writing, then disturb Ascanius
fro power. As he was tossed with contrary stormcs, and ceased to perswade mee: euen so
slacked my fenietnesse to enquire any further, vntil the ycre of Christ 1500, when the
Court remained at Granaia where you are viceroy : At which time, Lodouike the Cardinal
of Aragonie, neuiew to king Frcderike by his brothers side ( being at Granata with the queene
Parthenopea the sister of our Catholique king) brought me king Frederikes letters, whereby
he exhorted mc to (inishc the other bookcs which folowed the two epistel bookes, which I
write to Ascanius : For they both acknowledged that they had the copie of all that I writte
to tardinall Ascanius. And albeit that euen then I was sicke (as you knowe) yet tooke I
the burden vppon mc, and applycd my sclfe to wryting, I hau:? therefore chosen these fewe
thinges <'Ut of a great heape of such as seemed to mc must worthy to be noted among the
large wrytingcs of the auth<iures and searchers of the same. Wherefore, forasmuch as you
haue endi'uored to wrest out of my hands the whole example of all my woorkes, to adde
the same to the innumerable volumes of your librarie, I thought it good nowe to make a
briefe nhearsall of those things which were done from that yeare of a thousand and fine
hundred, euen vnto this yeare which is the tenth from that: For 1 entend to write more
largely of these thinges lieareafter, if God graunt me life. I had written a whole booke by it
selle (if the supcrstytions of the people of the Hand, supposing therwith to haue accom-
plished the whole Decade consisting of ten bookes. But I haue added this to the tenth as
a perpendicular lyne, and as it were a backe guide or rcreward to the other: So that you
may knitte the first tenth to the nynth, & impute this to occupye the place of the tenth to
fill vp the Decade. This order t haue appointed, lest I should be compelled often times to
wryte ouer the whole worke, or send you the same defaced with blottes and interlining.
But nowe let vs come to our jiurposc. The ship maisters and mariners ran ouer many
coastcs during tlie-e ton yeares : But euer folowed such as were first found by Colonus. For
rasing continually alon>>e by the trace of I'aria, which they beleeuc to be part of the firme PaHi put of
land or continent of Kast India, some of them chaunced vppon certaine naw landes towarde ''I'J'"';'^!'"''

1 II ^«. ■ i-ii r ,,i 1, ,1.1 *'' *■•'*' India.

the East, and some towaril the West, in whicli they lound both gold and Irankensence. For Guide Jt Frank.
they brought from thence many iewtis and ouches of gold, and great plentie of franken- '""'"'■
sence which they had of the jieople of those counfryes, partly for exchaunge of some of our
thinges, and partly by free, ouer comming them by warre. Yet in some places, although
they bee naked, they oucrcame our men, and slewe whole armyes. For they arc exceed-
ini; licrce, and vse venenious arrowes, and long staues like iauelcns, made hard at the endc
with fire. They found many beastes, both creepyng and fonre footed much did'ering from
ours, v.iryable and of siindrye shapes innumerable: yet not hurffull, except Lions, Tigers,
and Crorodiles. This I meane in sundry re^rions of that great landc of Paria, but not in
the Ilarvies: no not so much as one, for all the beastes <if the Ilandes, are meeke and without
hurte, except men, wliich (as wee haue saydr) are in many Ilandes deuourers of mens (leshe.
There are also di'icrs kindes of foules. Ami in many plates battes of such bignes, that tliev
arc eqiiall withall turtle doues. These battes, haue oftentimes assaulted men in the night in

their

The history fol-
lowing, con-
teyneih the
actes of ten
yeeres.

The fiercenes ot
the naked pe.'ilr.

8f ..".",

m ■ ^^

k«

M. ;

rti.'— ^ e-». 1

•I-

J I

I,' ; .lij

• t

Mi.\

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II '

•!!l

■^^^Jj

V:'

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The first Decade.

Noir the
Urgenes af the

Aniijiode.'.

the phce alterrth
the forms and
((ullitiri of
thyngei.

their sleepe, and so bitten them with their venemous teeth, that they haue ben therby almost
driuen to madnes, in so much that they hauc ben compelled to flee from such places, from
rauenous Harpies. In an other place, where certaine ot them slept in the night season on the
sands by the seaside a monster comming out of the sea, came vpon one of tliem sccrctlyc,
<\ir)andeuouredaiid caryed him away by tiie middcst out of the sight of his fellowes, to whom he cried in
uf a moiijttt of ^^.^^^ p^^^ hclpe, vntil the beast leapt into the sea with her pray. It was the kinges pleasure
that they should rcmainc in these landes, and builde townes and fortresses: whcreunfo
they were so well willing that diuers profered them scluts to take vpnn them the subduing
of the land, making great suite to the king that they might bee appointed thereto. The coast
of this tracte is exceeding great and large, and the regions and landes therof extende mar-
ueilous farre, so that they aflfirme the continent of these regions with the Hands about the
same, to be thrise as bigge as al Rurope, beside those landes that the Portugales haue found
southward, which are also exceeding large, 'ihercfore doubtlesse Spaync hath deserucd
great prayse in these our dayes, in that it hath made knowcn vnto vs so many thousandes of
Antipodes which lay hid before, and vnknowcn to our forefathers; and hath thereby nii-
nistrcd so large matter to wryte of, to sucii learned wittes as arc desirous to set foortli
knowledge to the commodilie of men to whom I opened a way when I gcathered ihesp
things rudely togeather as you sec : the which, neuerthclcsse I truste you will take in good
part, aswcljifor that I can not adnurne my rudcnessc with better vesture, as also that I neucr
tooke pen in hand to write like an historiographer, but onely by epistles scribeled in haste,
to satisfie them, from whose commaundementes I miglit not drawe backe my foote. But
nowe I haue digressed enough, let vs now therefore reiurne to Hispaniola. Our men haue
The aature ()<■ found by experience, that the bread of the Hand is of sinal strength to such as haue bin
vsed to our bread made of wheat, and that their strengthcs were much decaied by vsing of the
same: wherefore the king hath of late commaunded that the wheate should be sowen there
in diuers places, &• at sundry times of the yeere : It growcth into holow rcede.s, with few
eares, but those very byggc and fruitcfull. They find the like softnes«e and delicatenesso
to be in hearbes, which growc there to the height of corne. Neat or cattcl, become of big-
ger stature and exceeding fat, but their (ieshc is more vnsauorie, and their bones (as they
(•ay) either without marow, or the same to be very watcrishe : hut of hogges and swync,
they afTirmc the confrarv that they are more wholesome, & of hetter taste, by reason of
rertaiiip wildc fruites which ihcv eafc, being of much better nourishment tlien maste.
There is almost none other kind of fleshc coinnjonly sold in the market. Tlie mullitudc of
hogges are exceedingly encreased, ind become wildc as soone as they are out of the swine
f_'j"J^"^^''"'"'"heardes keeping. They haue such picnfie of beastes and foules, that they shall hereafter
hauc no necde to haue any brought from other places. The im rrasc of all beastes grow
bigger flicn the brood they came of, by reason of the ranknes of the pa>turc, although their
feeding be only of grasse, with out cythcr barly or other graine. But we haue saidc enough
c,ih..i>at.iiandc. ,)(• Ilispaniols They haue now found that Cuba (which of long time they thought to liaiic
hin firnie Ian;l, fcr the greale length thereof) is an Hand : vet is it no maruailc that the
inhabitants them-ielues told our men when they searched tltc leiur'h therof, that it was with-
out ende. For this nation being naked, and content with a little, and with the limittcs of
their owne country, is not grcativ curious to knowc what their neighbours doe, or the large-
nesse of their domini( ii, nor yet knewe thcv if their were any other thing \ndcr he.nucii,
beside that which they walked on with their fccte, Cuha is from the Fast into the We^i.
nuirh longer then llispaiiiola, and in breadth from the North In the .South, much icSsc then
they supposed at the lir-t: for it is \erv narrowe in respect of the lei)<;th, and is for the mu-t
part vcrie fruitcfull and pleasaunf. Kastwarde, not farre from Hispaniola, there Ivefh an
Theiiandrof Haudc Icssc thcu Hispaniola more then hy the halfc, whichc our nun called .Sancli lohannis,
s I, hinnii. Deeing in manner sqimre, in this they foundc rxreedmg riehe golde myncs: but being nowc
(i>,idtir)Nr,. occui)ied in the goldc inyncs of Hispaniola, thcv h.me not vet stvit labimrers info the liande.
But the plcntic and rcueniie of golde of all other regions, uiiie place to Hispaniola, where
they giiie thcmseiiics in manner to none other tl.-np then to j^athcr i;ol(le, of which workf

this

The deicilptio
•f Cubj.

r:i*

The first Decade.

THAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

fl»

hen ma-ite.

this order is appoyntcd. To eiiery such wittie and skilful man as is put in trust to be a sur-
tieyoiir or ouerseer of these workes, there is assigned one or more kings of the Hand, with
their subiectes. These kings according to their league, come with their people at certayne
times of the ycere, and resorte euery of them to the gold mines to the which nee is assigned,
where they h;iue all manner of digging or mining tooles deliuered them, and euery king
with his menne, haue a rcrtaine rewarde alowcd them for their labour. For when they
deparic from the myncs to sowing of cornc, and other tyllage (wherunto they are addict atTjr»U|t.
certainc other tymes, least their foode should faile them) they receiue for their labour, one
a icrkin, or a dublct, another a shirt, another a cloke or a cap for they now take pleasure in
these thinges, and goe no more naked as they were wont to doc. And thus they vse the
heipe and labour of the inhabitantes, both for the tyllagc of their ground and in their golde
mynes, as though they wore their seruauntes or bondemen. They beare this yoke of serui-
lude with an euill nnIII, but yet they beare it: they call these hired labourers, Anaborias:
yet the king doth not sull'cr that they should bee vsed as bondemen, and onely at his pleasure,
they are set at libertic, or appoyntcd to worke. At suche time as they are called together
of their kinges to workc (as souldiers or pyoners are assembled of tlieir centurions) many
of them steale away to the mountayncs and woodes, where they lye lurking, beeing con-
tent for that time to line with the wildc fruitcs, rather then take the paynes to labour. They Thtyabhonc
are docible and apte to learne, and haue nowe vtterly forgotten their old superstitions. They li^""' . ..,
belecue godly, and beare well in memory such thinges as they haue learned of our faith.
Their kings children are brought vp with the chiefest of our men, and are instructed in Th« ^jh"
letters and good mancrs. When they are growen to mans age, they sende them home to '''^'"'"'''
tl>cir countrycs to be example to other, and especially to gourrne the people, if their fathers
be dead, that they may the better set forth the Christian Religion, and kcepe their subiectes
in loue and obedience. Ky reason whereof, they come now by faire meanes & gentle per- The two chief
swasions, to the myncs which lye in two regions of the Ilnnde, about thirtie myles distauntc li'f'j^ii" "'
from the citie of Dominica, wherof the one is called Sancti Christophori : and the other
hccing distaJint aboiite fourscore and ten mylcs, is called Cibana, not farre from the chiefe
hauen called Portus Rc;;alis. These regions are very large, in the whiche in many places
here and there, arc found sometime eucn in the vpper crust of the earth, and sometime among
the stones, certainc roundc pieces or plates of golde, sometime of small quantytie, and in
some ])Iaces of great weight : in so much that there hath beene founde round pieces of
three hundred poundc weight and one of three thousande, three hundred and tenne pounde
weight, the whiche (as you hcarde) was sent whole to the King in that ship in the whiche
the gniiernour Roadilla was commyng home into Spainc, the ship with all the men beeing
drowned by the way, by reason it was ouer laden with the weight of gold and multitude of Aeoiiiyiii>i,
men, albeit, there were mo then a thousand persons which saw and handled the piece of *"''"■
pckl. And whereas here I spcakc of a juiiiiule, I doc not meane the common pound, but the
«uinmc of the diie;itc of golde, with the coyne called Triens, which is the third part of a
p'luiul, which th( y call I'esus. The sumnic of the weight heereof, the Spanyardcs call fe-u..
(\T^felainin) Annum. All the gold that is digged in the mountaines of Cibana and Port The fynyng
Hc^ale, i» carved to the tower of Conrcptiim, where shoppes wi»S all things apperteining '?'''',''"'''""''
are ready ruiiii>h((l to fine it, melt it, and ca-t it into wedges. That doonc, they take the* *°
kiiij;i's porfi'ii thereof, which is the (ifte part, and so restore to euery man his ownc whiche
hec <;olti" will) his labour. Hut the golde whieii is founde in saint Christophorus myne and
tiu" re;;ionii there abmit, ix caryed to the >hoppcs which are in the village called Ronaucntura.
Ill the^c I wo shops, is inoulton veercly about tiirce hundred thousiid pound weight of gold. Three hurJi^i
If any man bee kninscn tleceitfully to kee|)C backc any portion of golde, whereof he hath oJ"1jmoJ«u''
It i| m.ile tiic kinges olVicrrs j)riuie, he forlcitcth the same for fine. There chaunceth among yecrriy in hi.-
ihen oftentimes many contentions & controucrsics, the which vnlesse the magistrates f the *""'"'''
Hand (1(10 Hnishe, the case is remoucd by appellation to the high counsel of the court, from
wliose sciiteiice it is not lawfull to appcale in all the dominions of Castile. Rut let vs nowe The ntwe landcs,
rcturnc to the ncwc landcs, from whence wee haue digressed. They arc innumerable, diners,

and

' * 1

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S'!'^^?

iSi

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^k ]i' H,^

i)!''

'm 'If.

i^sr

i]ii

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The second Decade.

I'ht tlanill of
UninasU.

The Voiige of
I'lhinnri Dill.

and exceeding fortunate. Wherefore the Spaniardcs in these our dayes, and their noble

enterprineg, doc not glue place either to the I'actes of SatumiH, or Heriiilen, or any other

of the ancient princes of famous memory which were canonized amon;; the goddcs, called

Heroeti, for their searching of new laiidcs and regions, and bringing the same to better cii|.

r.nUritiniofiht turc and ciuilitic. O God, how large & farrc shal our posieritie see the Christian region

chmiianreii- extended ? how large a c.inipe hnuc they now to wander in, which by the true nobiliticihnt

The orijiniiof ig in them, or moued by vcrtue, will attempt cyether to deserue like prayse among men or

trut nobility, pepufation of well doing before God? What I ronceiue in my mindc of these thinges, I nm

not able to exprrs.se with penne or tongue. I wil now therforc so make an end of this per.

pcndicular conclusion of the whole Decade, as minding hereafter to search and gcather

euery thing particularly, that 1 m::y at further leasure write the .same more at large. For

Coloiuis the Admiral, with foure ships, and a hundred, threesccrc, and ten men, appnintid

bv the king, discoiicred in the yerre of Christ. 1520. the land oner against the West corner

of Cuba, distant from the same about a hundred and thirtic leagues, in the middest of

which tractc, lieih an ll.uul called Guanas>.a. From hence he e directed his voiage backwarde

toward the East, by the shore of that coast, supposing that he should haue found the coastcs

ofParia, but it chnunced otherwise. It is savd also that Vincenciiis Agnes (of whom we

haue spoken before) and one lohannes Daiz (with diners other, of whose voyages I haue »t

yet no cert.Tinc knowledge) haue otierrtinne those coastes: l»ut if God graunt me life, I tnist

to knowe the tructh hereof, and to adueriise you of the same. Thus fare yc well.

The cndc of the first Decade.

The first Chapter of the scconde Decade, to Leo Bishop of Rome, the tenth of that name,
of the stipp )se<l continent or firme lande.

Since the time that Galcatius 15ulrij;ariu.s of Bimonie, and lohannes Cursius of Florence
(mo.st holy faiher) came lo (he Catholiquc king of Spayne, the one of your holincs.se am-
ba»sa<>e, and tlie other for the adhyrcs of his common wealth, I was cuer for the mosie
part in their company, and for their vcrtucs and wi.sdomc had them in great reucrence.
And whereas they W( re ;;rcaily j^inen lo .••tiKlic, and conlinuall rcuoliiing ol'diuers auctouni,
they (-haiinccd vpon icrt.iMU' bnokes ne^ligcntK let sivppc out of my handes entreatyni; ol
the iar;;e lander ami regions hitherto Iving hid, and almost West .\ntipodes, found of Lite
by flic Spanyardcs. Yet being allured & delighted with liie newncsse and sfraungencsse of
the matt(T although rudely adoiinicd, they commcmlcd the same, therwilh earnestly desiriii;
ine in their owne names, and requiring me in the name of your holinessc, to adde
hereunto al such tiiin<;es as were fi'und aficr that time, and to giuc them a copje
therecif, to send to vour liolincsse, that you might thereby vnderstand, both how great
riif rncif.isr cnmiiiodiiles is chaiineid to the jirogciiie of mankinde, as also increase of the militant
ri.,V'(««."n!"" eongregiition in these our dayes, by the fortunate enterpryses of the kings of .Spayne.
For like as rased and vnp.iinted (al)les, arc apic to reeeiue what founnes soeuer are (ir<t
drawrie tliereon by tlio hanile of ilie painter, euen so iliesc nuked ami simple peii|)li',
doe sooiie reeeiue the eustoiiies of (,ur religion, and hv conuersalion of our men, sh.i|,(
of their fierce and natiuc barbaniusne.ssc. I haue tinught it good therefore to sali-lic
the request of these wise men. especially vsiiig the aiiiliorilie of your name, whercuntn
not to haue oix-yed, I sh'uld estceme inv sclfe to haue conimilted a haynous odifiict'.
Wherefore I v\iil iiowe briefly rehearse in order, what hi.l coastes the Sj)anyardes onrr-
ran, who were the autliours tlicreof, where tliey rested, whit further hope thev broiii;lu,
and finally what greate thin;;es iliosc traetes of lands doe promise in time to come. In the
declaration of my decade of tlic Ocean, which is now printetl and di-persed ihroii^hdui
(-'hristeiidomc vnwarcs to mec, I described howe Christophorus Coloniis founde ih(i>c
liandcs whereof we haue spoken, and that turning from theix e towarde the left hand soinh-
of 1 ndtiffinant wardc, he chauiiced into great regions of hmdcs, and large seasdi.stautit from the Kqiiin.iiiall
i1^a'u,'ffwr '>'"^' ""t'ly from line decrees to icnne: where he founde broad riuers and exceeding lii^li

mountavncH

Wfst Anti-

piiJes.

Tlie second Decade. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. 317

mounlayncs coucrcd with snowe, and harde by the sea bankcs, where were triany cnmmo-fyuedtgteesu>
dious and quiet haiicns. But CnlonuH beeing nowc departed out of this life, (he King !™;^ ^^^^^ ^,
begaiiiic 1(1 talie care, how those lands might be inhabited with Christian men, to the in- tui'>nui.
crease of our faith : Whenipon hee gaue lyccnce by his letters pafentes to all such as would Aj,nttaii
take the matter in hand, and especially to two, whereof Diego Nicucsa was one, & the other '"""*•
was Alphonsus Fogeda. Wherefore about the Ides of December, Alphonsim departing (irst Jf'^j"^"j*"i™
with three hundred souldicrs from the Ilande of Hispaniola (in the which wee said the Fojeda."" "'
Spaniardes had builded a city, & planted their habitation) & sayling in mancr full South
he came to one of the haucns found before, which Colonus named Purlus Carthaginis, both
because of the Hand stading against the course of the streame, and also that by reason of the
largnes of the place and bending sides, it is much like to the hauen of Spayne called
Carthago. The inhabitauntes call the Ilande Codego, as the Spanyardes call the Ilande of
their hauen Scombrin. This region is called of the inhabitantes Caramairi, in the which they Tiic nsion of
affinnc both the mennc and women to bee of goodly stature, but naked. The incnnc hauc '-""''"'^"'•
their hayre cutte rounde by their eares, but the women weare it long, both the men and
women are very good archers. Our men found certayne trees in this prouince, which bcare
gre;it jilentie of swcete apples, but hurlfull, for they turne into woormcs when they are eaten, Appi" «ii"ii
Rspccially the shadowc of the tree is contagious, for such as slcepe vnder it any time, hauc „ormts.
their heads swolne, and loose their sight : but if they sleepe but awhile, their sight commeth ^'j^^^''',^"
agayne after a fewc dayes. This porte is distant foure hundred, fyftic & sixe mylcs from hutnui.
the porte of Hispaniola wliiche the Spanyardes call Beata, in the whiche also they furnishe
themselucs vhcn ilicy prepare any voyage to seekc other newe landes. When Foged.i had
enfred into the hauen, nee enuadcd, slue, and bpoylcd the people, whom hec founde naked
and scattered : for they were giucn him for a pray by the Kinges letters patentcs, because
they had bin before time cruell against the Christians, and coulde neuer bee allured to per-
mitte them quietly to come within their dominions. Mere they found golde, but in no great
quantitie, nor yet that pure: they make of it certaine brest plates and brooches whiche they
weare for comelynessc. But Fogeda not content with these spoyles, vsyng certayne cap-
liiics, whiche hec haddc taken before, for guides, entred into a village twelue myles distant
from tiicsca side further into the lande, into the which they were fled when he first inuaded.
Here he f. und a naked people, but apte to warre : for they were armed with targette.s, Wariykepto-
shieldes, loni; swoordes made of woode, and bowes with arrowes typt with bone, or hardened ^'''
with lire. As «ioone as they had espied our men, they with their ghestes wh5 they had re-
« eiued, asyayled them with desperate myndes, being thereto more earnestly prouokod, be-
holding the calamine of these which fled vnio them, by the violence d(me to their women
iind children in the spoyle and slaughter. In this conflict our men had the oucrthrowe: in
the which, one lohnnnes de Lacassa (bceing in aulhoritie next vnto Fogeda the cap-
tayne, and also the first that gathered golde in the sandes of Vraba) was slaine with Arro»" i«.
liftie souldicrs: for these people infecte their arrowes with the deadly poyson of a eer- ''J'[^„" '"''
taync hcrbc. The other with their captaine Fogeda, being dtscomfoded, flcdde to the "^"^^
shippes. While they remained thus in the hauen of Carthago, sorrowful and pensiueiht nauisatioi.
for the los.se of their companions, the other cantavne Diego Nicuesa, (whom they left in'/"''^"
Hispaniola, preparing himselle towarde the vovatjo in the hauen Beata) came to them with
tine shippcs, and seuen hundred fourscore and lyrteene men. For the greater number of
souldicrs I'ollowcd Nicucsa, both beecause (ree lihirlie was giuon to them to choose which of
the capil.Tines thcv list, and also that by reason of his age, hee was of greater authoritie :
Hilt o^;ieiiaIlv l)ree;tU'>i; the nimoure was that Bera;;jua being hv the kinges rommis.sion .".p- rii- r,;i>Mr.f
j)()\nted to Nicucsa, was richer in golde then Vraba a'*signed to Alphonsus Fogeda. There- H,7^'„7^
fore, at the arriuall of Niruesa, they consulted what was best to bee doinc : and delennincd
lii<r to rnienge tlie death of their fellowes. Whereupon, setting their battayle in arraye,
ilicv inaidud in the night towarde them whiche slue (."o.ssa with his companions. Thus rit s>m,;„>i*
>t(,iliii;; on tlicin vnwares in the lastc watch of the night, and encompassing ll>e village j?;;|',*,V,''f,";.,.,
V, lirre they h\, con-isting of a hundred houses and more, Itauing also in it thrise .i- many iif ..wimu.....
\oi.. V. F f their

' '

v\-\

%:% . ' I

P% ;

i,~

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!)1
{ .1

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.(I

218

iljughtrr.

Canibalei.

The hunger
of sold(>

The Ihnde
Foitii.

Wrought gold.

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

The aecond Decade,

Nicutit.

Thr t"'f'

Cuiba.

Barnardino tit
Calauera.

their neighboured a» of themselue*, they HCt it on fire, with diligent watche that none might
escape. ' And thus in short time they brought them and their hnuxcs to ashcH, and made them
paye the ransome of bloude with bloud : tor of a great multitude of men and women, ihoy
Hpared onely sixe children, all other being destroyed with fire or swoordc, except fewe
whiche escaped priuily, they learned by these rcserued children, that Cossa and his feiiowcN
were cut in pceccs, and eaten of them that slue them. By rcaion whereof, they suppose
that these people of Camairi tooke their original of tiie Caribcit, otherwise called Canibalcs.
Here thcv founde some goldc among the ashes. For the hunger of goUle did no lessc in-
courage (iur men to aduenture these prrilles and labours, then did the possessing of the
laiuics. These thingcs thus finished, and the death of Cos^a and his fcllowcs reuengod, thoy
reliirnrd to the hancn. After this, Fogetia whiche came first, fir*t likewise departing wiih
ills ariiiie to scokc N'raba, committed to his goucrnance, say ltd I)y an llande called Furii.,
lying in the midway betwecne Vraba and the hauoii of Carthago : ini.) the which descending,
lie found it to bee an llande of the Canibales, bringing with him from thence two men ami
seiicn women, for the residue escaped. Here hec founde in the ctitaurs of them that flcddp,
a hundred, fourescore, and teiine drammes of goKle, tanie and wrou^^ht in diuers founnc,
Saylin,'", forwarde from hence, hee came to the East coastcs of Vraba, wliichc the inliabilaiitttr*
call Caribana, from whence the Caribes or Canibales of tlie Ilaiules arc sayd to haue their
names and original!. Here he began to build a fortres^e, and a villa.;c luerc vnto the saiiu',
therein cntending to place their first habitation. Shortly after, bccing instructed by certayiic
captiues that there was about Iwclue myles further witliin the lande, a certaine village caiicil
Tirufi, hauing in it a riche golde myne, he determined to destroy the village, to the whiih
when he came, he found the inhabitantcs ready to defend their right, and that so stonily,
that encountering with them, he was repulsed with shame and domagc: for these people alsn
vsc bowes and vencmous arrow * . Within a fewe daycs after, being enforced for lacke ol
victuallcs to inuade another vil!r»j;r, hee himselfe was strycken in the thygh with an arrowc.
Some of his fcllowes say, that he v.as thus wounded of one of the inhabitanies, whose wife he
had Icdde away captiuc beefore They say also that he had tirst friendly communed wii!i
Fogeda for redeeming of his wiff, and had appoynted a day to bring a portio of golde Hir
her ransome, and that hee came at the day .issigned, not laden with golde, but armed with
bowes and arrowes, with eight other confederate with him which had bcene before par-
takers of the iniurics done to them first at the hauen of Carthago, and afterward at the
burning of the village, in reuenge whereof, they had desperately consecrated themselues to
ifcath : But the matter being knowne, the captayne of this conspiracie was slayne of Fogeda
his companion.s, and his wife deteined in captiuitie. Fogeda also through the maliciousne^ise
of the venime, ( tngumed and was dried vp by litle and litle. While these things chauncci!
thus, they espied Nicuesa the other captaine, to whom Beragua the region of the West side
of Vraba was assigned to inhabite. He gauc wind to his sayles to take his voyage towardc
Bcragna, the day after that Fogeda departed out of the hauen of Carthago. He with his
armic that he brought with him, coasted euer along by the shore, vntill he came to the guile
Coiba, whose kinges name is Careta. Here hee founde their language to bee in manner
nothing like vnto that of Hispaniola, or of the hauen of Carthago: whereby hee perccimd
that in this tractc, there are many languages dififcring from their owne borderers. Nicuesa dc-
parting from Coliba, went to the prouincc or Lieuctenauntship of Fogeda his companiim.
Within a few dayes after, hee himself entring into one of those marchaunt shippcs which the
Spnniardes call Carauclas, commaundcd that the bigger vessels should fdow farrc bcliiiiik
He tooke with him two smal shijipes commonly called Bcrgandines or Brigandincs. 1 liaiie
thought it good in al the discourse of these bookcs, to vsc the common names of thin^c,
because I had rather bee plaine then curious, especially forasmuch as there doc daily aii«e
many new thingcs vnknowcn to the antiquitic, whereof they haue left no true nanie<.
After the departure of Nicuesa, there came a shippe from Ilispaniola to Fogeda, the <aptaine
whereof, was one Rarnardino de Calauera, who had stoinc the same from Ilispaniola with
threescore men, without leaue or aduirc of the .\dmiral & the other goucrnours. With the

victualler

The second Decade.

1 iFFIQ" "W, AND DISCOUERIES.

219

tnxitrei

«;rf<l «ntl

'P* (or

"^ com-

coWM ki ••/ after

•as not roHiP n'Bliy

iJted, he left Anci.sug

had saide of Aiiciiniufi

victualled which this shipp^ br- ht, t'lify ref' nrd them sehies, and
their streiigthes, much weaken I for bcke o. irat, Fogeda his compar '<•
muttered against him daily mor» and more, tli i he fedde »>**m foorth wuft \.
he had told them that he left Aiicinus in ||M|> nioia (v t he* chour by the
mission to be a iud^e in causes, because hee wai* jeamr.i he law
him with a ship laden with victualles. and that hre mn- ,ad that h'
daves since. And herein he said nothing but Irueth f< hen he df
halfe rcadie to folowe him. But his felowes supposing > it all that b,.
had ben fained, some of them determined priuily to 'leale away the two Brigaiulines fro
Fogeda, & to returns to Hixpaniola. But Fogeda hauing knowledge tJirrcof, prcuented their
deuicc : for leaning the custmly of the fortresse with a certnine noble gentleman called
Francisco Pizarro, he himselfe thus wotmded, with n fcwc other in his company, entered into
the shippc whereof we spake before, and !>ayled directly to Ilispaniola, both to hcalc the FogHa mum.
woundc of his thigh, if any rcmedie might be found, and also to knowe what was the cause "'y," ""''*'
of Ancisus tarying: leaning hope with his feiowcs (which were now brought from three
hundred to threescore, partly by famine, and partly by warre) that he would returnc within Fimin«,
the space of XV. dayes, prescribyng also a condition to Pizarro & his companions, that it
should not be imputed to them for treason, to depart from thence if hee came not agayne at
the day appointed, with victuales, and a new supply of men. These xv. dayes being nowe
past, whereas they coulde yet heare nothing of Fogeda, and were daily more and more
oppressed with sharpc hunger, they entred v. to the two Brigandines which were left, and
departed from that land. And as they wrec nowe sayling on the mayiic sea toward Ilis-
paniola, a tempest sodainely arysing, n< ' iwcd one of the Brigandines with all that were
therein. Some of their felowp'' : "" .. that they plaincly sawe a (ishr of huge greatnessc,
swimming aboue the Brigandinc (for those sras bring forth great monsters) and that with a A BHgandiiM
ntroke of her tayle, shec broke the rudder of the ship in peeces, which fayling, the Bri;;an- %TMtu"^t
dine being driuen about by force of (he tcpest, was drowned not farre from the Hand called ';•>■<•
Fortis, lyng betwene the coastes of the liauen Carthago and Vraba. As they of the other
Brigandine would haue landed in the Ilande, they were driuen backe with the bowes and
arrowcs of the fierce barbarians. Proceeding therefore on their voyage, they mette by
chnnncc with Ascanius, betwene the hauen of Carthago, and the region of Cuchibacoa in the Theregwnot
mouth of the riuer whi( h the Spaniardes called Boium gatti. that is, the house of the catte,
because they sawc a catte first in that place Boium, in the tongue of Hispaniola, is a house.
Ancisiis came with a shippe laden with all things necessarie, both for meate, and drinke, and
npparell, brynging also with him another Hrig.indine. This is hee for whose commyng the
captaiiie Foged.i looked for so long. He loosed anker from Hispaniola in the Ides of Sep-
tember : & the fuurih day after his departure, hee espied certaine high mountaynes the
wliiih for the abnndace of snow wiiirh licth tliere cotinually in the tops thcrof the Spaniards
called it Serra Ncnat.i, wlu" Colonus the first finder of those regions passed by the same. The s«riiNfu«n.
fift day he saylcd by Os Dracoois. They whidi were in the Brigandine, tolde Ancisus that o« DrKonU.
Fogeda was returned to IIis|)aniola: but Anrisii-i supposing that they had fained that tale,
commanded them by thaiithority of his commission to turne backe againe. The Brigan-
diiiers obcied & foiowctl him : yet made they humble suite vnto him that hee woulde graunt
fhcMi (Ii.it with his fauonr ihcy mij^hteythcr goc agayne to Hispaniola, or that he himselfe
winM III ini; them to Nicucsa : and that they woulde for his gentlcnesse declared towarde
ihem in llii" bchalCc, rewarde him with two thousand drammes of goldc: for they were rich Riehf in B|^l,^f
ill j;olde, but poore in bread. But .Xncisus assented to neither of their requestes, affirming bmr"" '"
iliaf lie niij^lit by no meancs goe any other way, then to Vraba the prouince assigned to
Fogeda. Whereupon, by their conduct he tookc liis voyage directly towarde Vraba. But
nowe let it not secme tedious to your holynesse, to heare of one thing worthy to be remem-
hreJ, which chaunced to this Lieutenaunt Ancisus as he ca-ne thither ; for be also cast anker
in the coasts of liie region of Caramairi which we sayde to be famous, by reason of the
hauen of Carthago, and of the goodly stature, strength and beauty both of men and women

F fy being

m'\

n i*Vf

.:< ■ At

'H^.

1 1 .

i;|'^M' '^

.:-!

!:i

ir.

2:^

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

The itcond Invade

Thf vif of tir-

fft% ;igjiiiil

\rnrmuui

■rrpwfi.

Thr 1)«biriani
hjiir roprcl lo

Winr cf friuls
•ml ;r(dcs.

Artyllri

Anciiui &hip-
nrflikr.

beinR in »I»c Mmc. Here he «ent rcrtaine to goc aland on the ithore l)oth to fe«vh frcih
water and nUo to rcpayrc the ihiii boate which wan wore brni«cd. In this infaine time, a
griMt nuiltiludc of the ()Coplc of the coiintrcy, armed after their inaner, came about our men,
04 thev were occimvrd aboiil their biiMineiwe, and mood in a rendineMne to tight, for the Mpacp
of iliri-f dayct continually, during whichc time, neither durst they set vpd uut men, nor our
men assaile ihcm. Tluis both partieii keeping their array, utoodc Rtill three wIioIp iliiyen, tlip
one Ka>i'>K <"> ''>" "'I^'t. Yet all thin time our men applied their worke, placing; rhc tihip.
wrigliteii in the inii!<lci*t of their armic. As they ntoodc thin ama/cd, twoofour company wcni
to lill their water poiteii at the mouth of the riuer, necrc vnto them both, where sodenly there
«:une forth againKt them a raptayne of the barbarinnn with tennc armed mei), wbif 'h inclosol
lluin, and with terrible <()untenaiir(' bent their armwcs against them, but »ho|tc »hi m not n|
One of our men lledde, but the other remained, railing; hit feliowe againe, and pel .ikinn; lijni
for his frarcfulnesse. Then he np.ike to the barbjri.ini in their owne lanj^uigr, whtch he hail
leariu'd bring (dnuersaunt with lie capliiics that wtre carved from thence along before. Thcv
nianicsling to hearoa stranger •^pcakc in their natiiie tongue, \m\ of their (iencne-.'c, and fell
to friiMully comnuinication, <lemaunding who were tlu- capti\ncs of that company whi< he
were anyucd in their landc. lice answered that they ns ere fttrangcn* passing by, and that
he ni.inieilcd why they woulde attempt to driue them from their coastcs, and (li«»turhe their
ships ; rguing iluMn nf folly and crueltie. and further threaining their mine an<l destruction,
r\( cpt iliey woiiKle \>c thcmnclucH more friendly towarde them. For hee aduerli^ed them
that ilu-re would nlnrtlr come into their lande armed men, in numlxT like vnto the wnds
of the sea, and that to their vtter destruction, not oncly if they resisted them not, but also
ocept they receiued them, and enterlavned them honourably. In the meane time,
AncisuH was enfourmed that his men were deteyned : wherefore suspecting some dcceite,
hee brought foorth all his target men, for feare of their venemous arrowes, and setting
them in battel array, hee man hed forwarde towarde them whichc stayed his men. But hoc
whiche communed with the bi'rbarians, giuing him a sii;ne with his hande to proceetl nn
further, he stayed, and calling fo him the other, he knewe that all was safe: for the
barbarians profered him peace, because they were not they whom they suspected them to
haue bin, meaning by Fogeda it Nicuesa, who h.id spoylcd the village standing there by
the sea side, and caryed away many captiues, and also burnt another village further williin
the lande. And therefore (as they sayde) the cause of their coining thither, was to reucn>;o
those iniurics, if by any meanes they couhle, yet that they would \vt exercise llujr
weapons against the innocent: for thev sayde, it was vngodly to light a;;ainst any, mt
being prouoked. Laying a part therefore their bowes and arrowes, they entertained
our men genllely and g.uie them great plenty of salted fishe, and bread of their countrev,
and filled their vessels with Sjder made of their countrcy fruiles and secdes, not inf« rnr
to wine in goodne^sc. Thus Ancisus hauing entrccl into friendship, iV made a league
of peace with the inhabitants of Caramairi, which were before sore pronoked by other
captaines, he lanched from that land, and directed his course to Vral)a by the llanilc nl
Forfis, banin;; in his ship a hundred and (iftie fresh mcnne, which were substituted in tiic
])lace of siiche as were dead: also twelue Mares, and manic swine, and other beaste- b' i!i
males and fem;iles for encrease. I.ykewisc, fvftic peces of orilinaunce, with great nuiliiiii Ic
of t.irircties, swonles, ianclins, and such other weapons for the warres, but all this witli
euil speede, atui in an cuill h( ure : for as they were eiieii now entring into the haucn. llu'
gou'^rnour of tl'e sliipp- which "ate at the lulme, stroke the ship|)e vp^ii the sandes, wIuk
it was so last ei.closed .-iiul beaten with the w.iues ol' the sea, that it opened in the niiilclot,
and all lost that was il.erein, a thing surely miserable to beholde : for of all the victuallis
th;'.t they had, they s.med only twelue barrellcs «)f tneale, with fewe cheeses, and a liiilc
biskct bread, for all the beastcs were drowned, and they thcmseiues escaped hardiv and
halfe naked, by hcipe of the Hrigandine and ship boate, carying with them onely a fc\w
weapons. Thus they fell from one calamitie into another, being nowe more careftil! ti:r
iheir liuos then for golde. Yet being brought aiiuc .md in health to that land which tlicv

were
stoode
were
in mil
Fogrd.
his km
of the

i.'l

bca<.tc-. I)' th

Jhe second Decade.

TRAFPIQUF.S. AND DISCOUERIES.

8*21

no Kr^olly dcirrJ. thry could dn nn Irwte then to proiiidc- fur the luiteyniiiff of iheir bndin,
bccauM they coulde not line otiely by ayrr: and whcrnn their owne failed tney inunt nccdc»
iiiie by other tnenn. YetamonR theac no many adtienitieN, one good chauncr oflTered iincli'e
vnto the : for thry foiindr, not farre from the aea lidr, u groiie of Date tree*, amonK a h w uf dn*
the which, and al«o among the reeke or weedcn of the mnrifihc*, they capicd n miilliluile ol '""
wilde borc'<, with whone fle»hc they fed th«»eliic« wel ccifaine dayea. Theae they m to br w,um ,rf.
IcMe then oiin*. and with no nhort tajjlen that they thoiiKht llicy had ben cut of. They
iliircr nl«o from oura in their feele : I'nr their hinder leeie are whole vndiuided. and aUo
without any lioofe. Uut they aflirmc that they liauc prooued by experience, llieir (Icuhe to
be of l)etlrr tnxic and more wholaomc then ourM. During thin time they fed iiixo of Date,*,
it the ro()tf!» of jounj^ Date trccn, which they e.ite likewi*e in Ciuile and (rranata, whrrc
they call ih(' Palniitoa, of (he leauoN whemf they miikr hceNvnu « ir. Rome. Sometimes alxo
ihcy cate of the nnplr* of that region, \vhi( h hnuc the tatte ol pruincs and haue aUo atones ^n^" <■' <
in them, and are but lilllc nnd of redde idlour: I suppose thcui to lie of that kind wherof I '"*"•' ""'■
ealc in the cilie of Ale\.indria in r.Kyp'< <» t'^* moiilh of Aprill, the trcea whereof, the
lewen that dwellc there, heinjj li-arnecl in the lawc of Vfoscs, aflirmc to brc the Ccdara of t"ij» "f L"
1 ibanus, which bearc old Iruilot and ncwe all llu- yc( re, as doth tl\tf orange tree. These
a|)ple8 arc good to be eaten, and haue a certaine sweeincsse mixtc with gentill sliarpnesse,
ax haue the fruiles called Sorl-ei*. Th' iiihabitanlc!i plant these trern in their orchiarde<« and
gardt i|x, and n< rii^hc tluMii wiiii grealc diligence m we doc cherien, peache«, and quinsefl.
Thix in-c in Icauen, hei^hr, nnd iiiinkc, in very like \nlo the tree that beareth the fruitc
railed /i/ipha, which the Aputlircarics mil (uitiba. Hut wherea* now the wilde bores began
to f.iile lliem, they were a^aine niforcrd to couNult and prouide for the time to come:
\Vlierevj)pon with their whole arnne, ihey entered further into the land. The Canibalen
i)f tiiiH prouinre, are nioxt expert archers. Ancaniux hud in his companye, a hundred men.
riiey nu'tle by the way with only three men of thinhabituntCM, naked, and armed with M«ii o/ jupf.
bowesi & \enimous arrowen, who without all fcare, af).>4ayled our men fiercely, wounded""'"''''""'
mauve, and nIuc manye, and when they emptyed their quiueni, fledde, as tiwiftely as the
winde: For (as we haue said) they are exceeding swifie of foote by rcoHon of their loose
going from their chiliUM age, they afTirme that they lelto nlip no arrowe out of their bowes
in vaine. Our men therefore returned the same way that they rame, much more vnfortunnte
then thev were before, and coufiulted among themscluCH to Icaue the lad, e<ipecialy becauNe
ihe inhabitaiitet had ouerlhrowne the rorlressc which Fogeda builded, and had burnt thirlie
houses of the village, as soone a.s I'ir.arruH ,ind his company left of Fogeda, and forsaketl the
land. Hy this o( (•a>ion tliereforc, being driuen lo sreke further, they IkkI intelligence that
the West side of that •louH'e of^'^■.d)a, *\ns more fruitful & better to inhabite. VN' here fore, Tht guif« ui
they sent the one halfe ol liieir men iliitlier with the brigandine, and left the other necre to ^'"'"'
Ihe 9ca silicon the I!ast pMt. This ^iiille, is fourlecne miles in breadth, and howe much the
further it enteietli into the tirinc l.iiul, it is so much the narower. Into the gulfe of
Vraba, there fall many riuers, but one (a* iliey say) more fortunate then the riuer of
.Nilus in Kir.\pt. 'fhis riuer is ca'led Dnrien, \po;i the bankes whereof, being \ery fruitfull Th« gmt li.if!
of trees and grasse, tliey emended to plante tin ir newe colonve or habitation. But the "' """"'"
inhal)\laiitrs niariieyliii^' at the l)ri;;andyiie beinj!; biij^er then their canons, and specially at
the sa\les thereof, lii-st sent aw.iy their ( hiidron and weakest sort of their people with their
baj;;;'i;;e and houslioiild stnlle, and assembled all such togetlicf both men and women, as
were meele for the warres. Thus being armed with weapons and desperate mindes thev
stdode in a readynessc to light, and laryed the connnim; of onr men vpon a little hill, as it
were lo take the ailuania<'e of the <.'riMinde: onr men imlged them to be about fine bundred
in mnnber. Then Ancisus the capiayne of our men, and I.ieueicnaimt in the steedc ol
Foj;e(l.i, setting his men in orJer of batt.iylc aray, and with his whole company kneeling on
his knees, they all made humble prayers to (!()b for the victorie, and a \ owe to the image
of the l)!e<sed virgin which is honoured in Ciuile, by the name of Sancta Maria .\nti(|na,
promising to sende her many golden gyfle«, and a straunger of that country also, to name

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223

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The second Decade,

Thf souldicri
make an othcf

I'hr barliariant
are dilurn to
Hyghl,

the village Sancta Maria Antiqua after her name : likewise to erecte a temple called by the
same name, or at the least to dedicate the king of that prouince his paliace to that vse. if it
should please her to assist them in this dangerous enterprise. This done, al the souldicrs
toke an oth, that no man shiild tiiiie his backe to his enemies. The the captaine com-
manding them to be in a readinesse with their targets and iauelyns, and the tninipcttcr to
blowe the battayle, they fiercely assailed their enimies with a larome : but the nuked
barbarians, not long able to abide the force of our men, were put to flight, with their king
and captayne Ccmaccus. Our men entred into the village, where they found plentic ol
meate, such as the people of the countrey vse, sufficient to asflw.ige their present hunger,
as bread made of rootes, with certayne fruitcs vnlike vnto ours, which they reserue for store,
as we doe Chestnutles. Of these people, the men are vtterly naked, but the women, from
the nauel downewarde are couered with a fine cloth made of gossampinc cotton. This
ThfiiuCTof region is vtterly without any sharpncssc of wynter for the mouth of this riuer of Daricn, is
Puicn, hut vii. onely eight degrees distaunt from the Equinoctiall line, so that the common sortc of our
E'J'mn^'t'ani'nf'. men, scarcely perceiuc any diflerence in length betweene the d:iy and night all the whole
yeerc : but because they are ignorant in astronomie, th««y can perceiue no small diircrerce.
Therefore wee ncede not much passe if the degree dilFcr somewhat from their opinion, for-
asmuch as the difference cannot bee great. The day after that they arriucd at the landc,
they saylcd along by the riuer, where they found a great thyckct of reedes, contiiniyng for
the space of a myle in length, supposing (as it chaunccd in deedc) that the borderers there.
about which had fled, had either lien lurking there, or els to haue hid their stufle among those
reedes: Whereupon, arming tiicmselues with their targets, for feare of the people lying in
ambushe, they searched the thicket diligently, and found it without men, but replenished
coidf rounds in v^ith housholde stuffe and golde. They founde also a great multitude of shetes, made of the
silke or coitu of the gossampine tree: likewise diuers kindcs of ves.sels and tooles made of
wood, and many of earth : also many brest plates of gold, and ouches wrought after their
manner, to the sumine of a hundred & two pound weight: for they also take pleasure iit
the beautie of golde, and worke it very artificially, though it bee not the price of things
among them as with vs. They haue it out of other regions, for exchaunge of such thinges
as their country bringeth forth : for such regions as haue plentie of bread and gossampine
lacke golde, and such as bring forth golde are for the most part rough with niounl.iincs and
rockes, and therefore barren: and thus they exercise marchandiev wititout the v>e of money.
Keioycing therefore with double gladnesse, aswell in that they say great likencsse of gdile,
as also that fortune had ofl'ered them so fayre and fruitefull a country, tiuy sent for their
felowes whom they had left before in the East side of the gulfe ol Vrah.i. Yet some s.iy,
that the ayre is there vnwholsome because that part of the region licth in alowc valley,
enuironed with mountaynes and maryshes.

The second Chapter of the seconde Decade, of the supposed continent.

I Haue described to your holynesse where Fogeda with his conip.inv (to whom the large
trades of V'raba was assigned to inhabite) entended to f.isten their foote. I.ct \s now
therefore leaue them of Vraba for a while, and returne agayne to Nictiesa, to whom the go-
uernance and Lieulenauntship of the most large prouince of Beragua (being the West side
of the gulfe of Vraba) was appoynted. Wee haue declared howc Nicuesa, departing wiili
one Carauel and two Brigandines, from Vraba the iurisdiction of his friend &; companion
Fogeda, directed his course westwarde to Beragua, leaning the bigger shippes somewhii
behinde him, to followe him a farre of, but hee tooke this deuice in an euill houre, for hv
both lost his fellowes in the night, and went past the mouth of the ryuer Hcra>;iia, whiili
i.upus oianui. Iiec chiefcly sought. One Lupus Olanus a Cantabrian, and gouernour of one <if the great
shyppes, had the conduct of one of the Brigandines : hee comming bihinde, learned ol the
inhabitauntes, whiche was the way Easlwariile to the gulfe of Beragua, ouerpas.sed and leli
behinde Nicuesa. Olanus therefore directing his course towarde the East, met with tiic
other Brigandine, which hadde also wandered out of tlic way by reason of the darkncs of the

niglit.

> thicket of
rrfdes.

Rr«st plates of
gukic.

The goUf n
rc(;ioiu are tor
the moil part
barren.

n\ a cer
things
rorkc o
ncn say
with a
Niciics:
which
jjasscd

i li

1 !^ * ^

' f'W

The iecond Decade. TRAFFIQUES, AI^ElJSCOUERres. 223

nii'ht. The goucrnour of ihis Bri^andine, was one Petrus de Vmbria. Thus both being Pftrm.ie
glad of their meeting, they consulted what was best to bee done, and which way they could ^"''"'■'•
conieiturc their gouernoiir had taken his voyage. After deliberation, they iudged that
Nicucsa coulde no more lacke some to put him in remembrance of Beragua, then they
themschies were mindfull hereof, hoping also to Hnde him there. Thev sayled therefore
towarde Beragua, where they found within xvi. myles distant a riuer whicne Colonus named
Lagarfos, because it nourishcth great Lysards, which in the Spanishe tongue are called
La^artos. These Lysardcs are hurtful joth vnto man and beast, and in shape much like vnto Tht ryurr
the Crocodiles of the riiicr Nilus in Kgypt. In this ryuer they founde their companions *"''""'"
and fellowcs of tlieir errour, lying at anker with the great shyppes, whiche followed behinde
by the gonernours conjmandement. Here the whole assembly being carefull and disquieted
by reason of the goucrnours errour after consultation, by the aduice of the captaynes of the
Brigaiuliiics, who had rased neerc vnto the coastes of Beragua, they sailed directly thither.
Bcragun, in the language of the inhabitants of the same prouince, is as much to say, asfhtgoUtn
the golden ryuer. The Hcfiion it sclfe is also called by the same name, taking name of the '^'"'° "'"'"
ryiier. In the mmith of this ryuer, the greatest vesselles cast anker, and conueighed all their
victunlles and other ncccs^nries to lande with their ship boates, and elected Lupus Olanus to
bee the goucrnour in stende of Nicucsa whom they had losfe. By that aduice therefore of
Olanus and the other vnder captaines that all hope of departure might bee taken from the
souldicn. which they iiad now brought thither, & to make them the more willing to inhabite
the lande, they vtterly forsooke and caste of those shyppes bceing nowe rotten for age, and
suflcred them to bee shaken and brooscd of the surges of the sea. Yet of their soundest
plankes, with other newc, made of the trees of that Region (whiche they say to bee
exceeding bigge and high) they framed a newe carauell shortcly after, which they might
vse to scrue for their necessitic. But Beragua was founde by the vnfortunate dcstenye of Thf tnter|>ry$e
Petrus de Vmbria. For hee, beeing a man of prompt wit and apt forwartlnesse to •"■'d"'*' "f
attempte things (in whiche sometime lortune wil! beare a stroke n(^:with<itanding our vmbria.
pronidencc) tooke vpon him that aducnture to search the shore, to the intent to finde a way
for his fellowes where they might best come a land. For this purpose, he choose him
xii. maryners, and went aboorde the ship boate which senied the greatest shyppes. The
flowing of the sea, raged and roared there, with a horryble whurling, as we reade of the Thediunerroui
daungcrous place of Scylla in the sea of Cicilie, by reason of the huge & ragged rockes {'/"Icfefc'i'ii"
reaching into tiie sea, from which the waues rebounding with violence, make a great noysc
and mughnesse on the water, which roughncsse or reflowing, the Spanyardes call Resacca.
In these daungers wretched Vmbria wresteled a while, but in shorte space, a wane of the
sea almost as byggc as a mountayne, rebounding from the rockes, ouerwhelmed the boate,
& deuoured the same with the men, euen in the sight of their fellowes : So that of them
all, oiiely one escaped by reason he was expert in swimming. For getting holde of the
corner of a rocke, and su^teyning the rage of the sea vntill the next day when it waxed
Clime, and the shore was drye by the fall of the water, he escaped and resorted to his
companic. But Vmbria with the other eleuen, were vtterly cast away. The residue
of the companie, durst not committe themselues to the shyppe boate, but went alande
with their brygantines. Where remayning a fewe dayes, and sayling along by the
riucr, they found certaine vill.-iges of the inhabitauntes, which they call Mumii. Here
they began to build a furtresse, and to sowc seedes after the manner of their coiintrey,
in a icrtaine vale of rruiiefull ground, because in other places the region is barren. As these
thint^s were thus doing in Beragua, one of their company standing vpon the top of a high
rorke of especiall, and lifting his eyes towarde the West, began to crye, Lynnen sayles, lyn-
niii siyles. And the neerer it drewe towarde him, he perceiued it to be a ship boate, comming,
with a Utile saylc : yet recciued they it with much reioycing, for it was the fisher boate of
Nicucsa his Carauel, and of capacilie to cary only fine men, and had now but three in it,
which h:i(l stolne it from Nicuesa, because he refused (o glue credit to them that he had
passed Beragua, and left it behind him Eastwanle. For they seeing Nicucsa and his felowcs

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VOYAGES; i I^UIGATIONS.

The second Decade.

Tht iluti 01 S,
Matilici.

riie ngftr.iis-

to consume tlavlye by famine, thought that they would prone fortune with that boate if their
chauncc might' be to finde Beragiia, as in deede it was. Debating therefore with their felowcs
riif mituhie of these matters, they declared how Nicuesa erred and lost the Carauel by tempest, & that
"""^ **"""'■ hee was now wandering among the ninrishes of vnknowcn coastcs, full of miserie and in
extreme pcnurie of all thinges, hauing nowe lined for the space of threescore and tenne
daye.", onely with herbcs & rootes, & seldome with fruitcs of the countrey, contented to
drinke wafer, and yet that oftentimes failing, because he was instant to trauayle Westwarde
bv foote, supposing by that meanes to come to Bcragua. Colonus the first finder of this
nia^ne land, had coasted along by this tracte, and named it Gracia Dei, but thinhabitantes
cal it Cerabaro. Through this region, there runneth a ryuer, which our men named Sancti
Matthri, distant from the West side of Beragua about an hundred and thirlie myles. Here I
let passe the name of this riuer, and of many other places by the names which the inhabit-
ants vsc, because our men are ignorant thereof. Thus Lupus Olanus the conductor of one
of the sliips of Nicuesa and now also vice Lieuctenaunt in his stecde, after that he had rc-
ceiucd this information of the Maryners, sent thither a Brigandine vnder their guiding.
These Mariners therefore, which came in the fisher boate, foundc Nicuesa, and brougitt thim
to the place where Olanus lay, whome at his comming he cast in prison, & accujcd him of
nrsstci Ni.ursa. (rpj^on, bccausc he vsurped the authority of the Lieuetcnaunlship, and that for the desire lie
had to beare rule and be in aulhoritie, he tookc no care of his errours : also that he behauci!
himselfe negligently, demanding; furthermore of him, what was tlie cause of his long dcla\ .
Likewise hee spake to all the vniler oflicers sharply, &; with a troubled mind, and within hwc
davcs after, commaundcd them to trusse vp their packes, and make ready to depart. They
desired him to quiet himselfe, and to forbeare them a while, vntill they had reaped the cornc
ccHit Aiifth that they had sowcn, which would shortly bee ripe : for all kindc of come waxeth rij)e there
™nc'u"^*^°""'' *'"'"'■>' fourth moneth after it is sowcn. But hee vtterly denyed to tarie any whjt: but th.it
hee would fourthwilh depart from that vnforiun.itc lande, and plucked vp by the motes .nil
that euer was brought into the gulfc of Bcragua, and commanded them to direct their course
towardcs the East. After they had sayied about the sj»aee of sixteene myles, a icrtaine yonjr
man, whose name was Gregorie, a (ieinies borne, and of a child brought \p with Colonus,
called to remembrance that there \va-< a hauen not f.irrc from thence: and to prooue his s.i\-
ings true, hee gaue his felowes these tokens, that is that they should (inde vpnn the shore, .nn
anker of a lost shippe halfe couercd with sand, and vnder a tree next vnto the haucn a sjjrinj;
Thf coMimcnda- of clcarc VTitcr. Thcy came to the landc, foinid the anker and the spring, and comnicndeil
iinr „f a young (he wittc T.ud memoric of the yong man, that he only among many of the .Maryners which
«?th t'oionui.' had searched those coastcs with Colonus, bore the thing so well in minde. This haucn f '< •
PonusBtUuj. lonus called I'orius Bclliis. Where as in this voyage for larke of \iitualls, they were sonu-
tymes enforced to goe aland, they were euil entreated of ihinhabitantes : by reason where. .!'
WtatfnrsMof their strengthes were so weakened with hunger, that they were not able to kccpe warr^'
fcungtr. against naked men, or scarcely to beare their hai nesse on their baekes : and therefore (;;r

men lost tweutie of their comp.Tniins, which were slayne with \cnenious arivmcs. Tiiev
( (insulted to leauc the one halfe ol" ilieir felowes in the haiien of Tortus H.-lliis, cS: tlie ol! cr
j)nrl Nicuesa loke with him toward the I'.asf, wheiv about Iweiifie and eight miles from I'oi-
lus Bellus, he entended to builde n fortresse hardc bv llie sea side, \])on the poynl or c.npc,
Cj.ic Nirmor. which iu time past Colonus named Marmor, but ihev were so fcel)le liy reason of I .ii';; him.
gcr, that their strength scrucd them not to siisie\ne suehe labour, vet he erei ted a liiili<
towrc, able to resiNt the first ass;nilte oT the inliabitanfes : lliis towic lie called Noiiun Dei.
From the time that he left licragua, what in the iourney among tlie sandie pl.ivnes iluii al-o
for huger, while he bnilded the lowre, of the few which remayned alyue, Ik'c lost two hun-
dred. And thus by lillc and litle, the midtiltidc of seucn hundrcil, fuiiresrore, and liin'
men wa* brought nowe to sinreely one hundred. Whyle Nicuesa lyucd with these fcwe
misembic men, there nro-e a fontenlion among them of Waha, a< concerning the I.ieiieir-
ii.iuntshyppc : for one \'as( Iius Nunne/,, by the iiirl^ement of all men, trusting more to liis
st.-e'i^fh t'uMi wir, stirred vp rerfayne lig'it fellowes a^iviiit Am i-u<, saying thif .\nr; us Iml

.Vi nif n Dti

IU I

Ifyl

The second Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

225

not the kinges lettera patentcii for that office, and that it was not sufficient that hee was
authorysed by Fogeda, and therefore forbode that he should execute the office of the Lieue-
tenauntHhyp, and willed them to choose certayne of their owne company, by whose coun-
sayle and authoritie they might bei™ gouerned. Thus beeing diuided into factions, by reasdn
that Fogeda iheir captaine came not agayne, whom they supposed to be nowe dead of his
venemous wound, they contended whether it were best to substitute Nicuesa in his place.
The wisest sorfe, such as were familiar with Nicuesa, & could not beare the insolecy ol' Vas-
chus Nunnez, thought it good that Nicuesa shoulde bee sought out throughout al those
coastes : for they had knowledge that he departed from Beragua, because of the barrennesse
of the ground, and that by the example of Ancisus, and such other as had made shipwrackc,
it were possible that hee might wander in some secrete place, and that they coulde not be
quiet in their mindcs, vntill they knewe the certaintie whclhcr hee with his fellowes were
aliue or dead. But Vaschus Nunnez, fearing least at the co.iiming of Nicuesa, hee shoulde
not be had in authoritie among his fellowes, sayde they were mad men to thinke that Nicuesa
lyued, and although hee were aline, yet that they hadde no neede of his heipe : for hee
auouched that there was none of his fellowes, that were not as meete to rule as Nicuesa. While
they were thus reasoning to and fro, one Rodericus Colmenaris arryued in those coasts with The n»uigat.oM
two great shippcs, hauing in them threescore freshe men, with great plentie of victnalles coimenai"^
and apparell. Of the nauigation of this Colmenaris, I entend to speake somewhat more.
He therfore departed from the hauen of Hispaniola, called Beata (where they prepare and
fiirnishe themsclues whiche make any voyage into these landcs) about the Ides of October,
in the yeare. 1.^10. and landed the 9. of Nouember in a region in the large prouince of
Paria, founde by Colonus betweene the hauen Carthago, & the region of Cuchibachoa. In
this voyage, what by the roughnesse of the sea, and fierccnessc of the barbarians, he suf-
fered many incommodities; for when his freshe water failed, he sayled to the mouth of a
certayn riuer which the inhabitantes rail Gaira, being apt to rcceiue shippes. This riuer had
his course from the toppe of an exceeding high mountayne couered with snowe, higher then AnMc«dinE
the which, all the companions of this captayne Rodericus say, that they ncuer sawe : And coucmiTi'tu' ' '
that by good reason, if it were couered with snowe in that region, which is not past ten de- "" •'^•
grccs distant from the Equinoctial lyne. As they beegan to draw water out of their ship
boatc, a ccrtaine king made toward them, apparelled with vestures of Gossampinc cotton, AppareiUd m<n.
hauing twentie noble men in his company apparelled also ; which thing seemed straungc to
our men, and not scene before in those parties. The kinges apparell hong loose from his
shoulders to his elbowes, and from the girdle downewarde, it was much lyke a womans kyrtle,
reaching euen to his heelcs. As hee drewe neere toward our men, he seemed friendly to admo-
nysh them to take none of the water of that ryuer, affirming it to be vnwholesome for men,
niid shewed them that not farrc from thence, there was a ryuer, of good water. They came
to the ryuer, and endeuouring to come neere the shore, they were dryuen backe by tempest.
Also the burbuling of the sand, declared the sea to be but shalow ther. They were therefore
enforced to returne to the firste ryuer where they might safely cast anker. This king layde
wavte for our men : for as they were filling their barrclles, hee sette on them with about
seuen hundred menne (as our men iiidged) armed after their manner, although they were
naked : for oncly the king and his nobled men were apparelled. They iooke away the shyp
bo.nie, and broke it in manner to cl)ips : so fiercely assayliny; our men with their venemous ar- spany«rdt.
rowcs, that they slue of tliem fourfie and seuen, before they coulde couer themselues with >'»y"'"'>''"-
their targets, hor that poyson is ol such force, that albeit the wounds were not great, yet
they dyed thereof immediately, for they yet k'lewe no remedie against thiskinde of poyson,
as ilioy after learned of the Inhabitantes of Hispaniola : for this llandc bringeth foorfh an ArcmcJic
hearbc which quencheth & mortifieth the violent poyson of the hearbe, wherewith their ar- "*
rowcs are infected, so that it he ministred in time. Yet of our companie whiche went for
water, seuen escaped that conflycte and hydde themselues in a hoilowe tree, lurking there vn-
till night, yet escaped they not the hands of their enemies: for the shyppe departed from
thcnrc in the night season, and left them there, supposing that they had beenc slaync. Thus
VOL, V. G g bv

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li'iC,

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tlie second Decmk.

Ihr hiucb ot

Vub.l.

by iiianye such perilles and dangera (which I lightly ouerpaage, beecause I will not bee te-
dious to your holynesse) heearryued at the length at the hauen of Vraba, and cast anker at
the East side thereof, from whence not long before our men departed to the West side, hy
reason of the barrennesse of that soyle. When he had continued a whyle in the hauen, and
fiaw no man stirring, marueyled at the silence of the places (for hee supposed there to hauc
found his fcllowcs) he could not coniecture what this shuld meane : and thereupon began to
suspect that eyther they were dead, or that they had changed the place of their habitation. To
knowe the certaintie hereof, he commaunded all the great ordinaunce, and other small gunnc<t
which he hadde in his shy ppes, to be charged, and tiers to be made in the night vpon the toppes ol
the rockes. Thus the Tiers being kindled, hee commanded all the gunnes to be shot of at one
instant, by the horrible noise whereof, the ^'ulfe of Vraba was shaken, although it were xxiiii.
mvles distant, for so broade is the gulfe. This noysc was hearde of their fellowes in Dariena,
and they aunswered them agayne with mutuall fyers. Wherefore, by the following of these
tiers, Colmenaris brought his shyppes to the West side. Here those wretched and miserable
men of Dariena, whiche nowe through famyne and feeblenesse, helde their wearie soules in
their teeth, ready to depart from their bodies, by reason of the calamities which befell vnto thom
after Ancisusshipwracke, lifting vp their handes to heauen, with the teares running downe their
cheekes both for ioy and sorow, embraced Kodcricus & his fellowes with such kinde of reioyc<
ing, as their present necessitie seemed to require : for whereas they were before his comming,
without vyctuals, and almost naked, he brought them abundance of meat, drinke and apparel. It
resteth now ( most holy father) to declare what came of the dissention among them of Vraba,
as concerning the goueniance after the losse of their captaynes.

The thirde Chapter of the seconde Decade, of the supposed continent.

ALl the chiefe officers in Beragua, and such as were most politike in counsayle, determined
that Nicuesa shoulde bee sought out, if by any meanes he could be found. Whereupon thrv
tooke from Ancisus the gouernour, refusing the comming of Nicuesa, a Bri^'andine which
he made of his owne charges : and agreed, against both the will of Ancisus, and the mjster
offence Vaschus Nunnez, that Nicuesa shuld be sought forth to takeaway the strife as touch-
ing the goiicrnment. They elected ihcrfore C'olminaris (of whom we spake before) to take
this matter in hand, willing him to make diliget search for Nicuesa in those coasts where ther
supposed he erred : for they heard that he had forsaken Berajjua, the region of an vnfruiij-
full ground. They gaue hnn therefore commandcmcnt to bring Nicuesa with him, and fur-
ther declare vnto him that hee should do right j^ood seruice to conic thither, in taking away
the occasion of their seditions. C'olminaris lookc the thing vpo him the more gladly, because
Nicuesa was his very friend, supposyng his comming with victwailts shoulde bee no lesse
thankefull to Nicuesa and his company, then it was to them of Vraba. Furnishyng there-
fore one of his owne shippes which he brought with him, and also the Brigandine taken from
Ancisus, he frayghtcd the same with part of the victualcs & other necessaries which he
brought with him befdrc from Hispaniola to Vraba. Thus coursing along by al the coa'itcs
and giilfes noere thereabout, at the length, at the poynt called .Marmor, he found Nicuesa,
of ailyuing men most infortunaie, in manner drycd vp with extreme hunger, filthy ami
horrible to behold, with only threescore men in his company, left aliuc of scuen hundred.
They al scenii'd to him so miserable, that he no le.ssc lanu-nted their case, then if he had
found thcin dead. But Colminaris coforted his friend Niiuesa, and embracing him with
teares jntl checrefull woid.s, relieued his spirites, and fiirlhtr encouraged him with great
hope of better fortune, declaring also that his comming was looked for, and greatly desired
of all the good men of Vraba, for that they hoped that by his auctlioritie, their discord and
contention should be rnii-.hed. Nicuesa thanked his friend C^oIminaris after such sort as his
ralamitie required. Thus they tooke ship together, and sailed directly to Vraba. But so
variable and vnconstant is the nature ol" man, that he soone ^jroweth out of vse, becomineth
Unifncif of to insolent and vnmyiidful of bencfites after to much felicitic: for Nicuesa after thus many
teares and weepings, after diuere bewailingcs of his iufortunate destinye, after so many?

thank-sgiuiugs,

NicufM is
foundc in a
murnblc cu«,

■uch fdiciiit.

iJfi

cond Decade.

II not bee te-
cast anker at
Vest side, hj
e hauen, and
there to haue
pon began to
labitation. To
small gunncN
ithetoppesol
ihot of at one
it were xxiiii.
cs in Daricna,
wing of these
and miserable
:arie soules in
fell vnto them
igdowne their
nde of reioyc-
hiii comming,
nd apparel, it
hem of Vraba,

cnt.

le, determined
licrcupon they
i;andine which
>nd the master
itrife as touch-
lefore) to lake
sts where thcv
tf an vnfruiuv
him, and fur-
II taking away
;ladly, because
c bee no lesse
lishyng therc-
ne taken from
tries which he
al the coa^tes
bund Niciifsa,
;cr, filthy and
rucn hundred,
len if he had
ing him with
im with great
{really desired
ir discord and
luch sort as his
'raba. But su
le, bccomnieth
ler tlius many
Pier so manye
ihanksgiuiugs.

ne second Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERrcS.

227

:ath of

thanksgiuing4, yea after that he had fallen downe to the ground and kissed the feete of Col-
menaris his sauinur, he began to quarel with him before he came yet at Vraba, reprrulng
him & them al for the alteration of the state of ihinges in Vraba, and for the gatliering ,,f
gold, aflirming that none of them ought to haue laide hand of any golds without the aduice
of him or Fogeda his com|)anion. When the.se sayinges and such like, came t the cares of
them of Vraba, they so stirred vp the mindcs of Ancisii^ Lieuetcnant for Fugeda, a-ul also of
Vasrhus Nunnez of the contrary part, against Nicucsa, ihat shortly after Isi'. ariii <i\ with his
threescore men, they commaimdcd him with ihreatning to depart from thcncc : but this
pleased not the better sort : Yet fearing lest tumult should be among the people, w.-om Vas-
chus Nunnez had stirred to factions, the best part was fai:ie to giue plaie to the greatest.
This wretched man therfore Niciiesa thus drowned in miseries, was thrust into the Briitildine
which hee himsclfe brought, and with him onely sencntcene men, of his threescore which
remained alyue. He tooke shippe in the Calcndcs of March, in the yeere. 1511. intending
to goe to Hispaniola to complayne of the rashne.sse of Vaschus Nunnez, and of the violence
done to him by Ancisus: But he entred into the Brigandine in an vnfortunate houre, for he
was neuer seene after. They supposed that the Brigandine was drowned with all the men
therein. And thus vnhappic Nieucsa fallyng headlong out of one misery into another, ended Jj'^'J'
his life more miserably the he lined. Nicuesa being thus vilely reiected, and their victuals
consumed which Colmenaris brought the, falling in manner mad for hunger, they were en-
forced like raucning woolues seeking their pray, to inuade suche as dwelt about their con-
fines. Vaschus Nunnez therefore, their new captaine of their owne election assembling to-
geather a hundred and thirtie men, and settyng them in order of battayle after his swoord-
players fashion, puffed vp with pride, placed his souldiers as pleased him, in the foreward
and rcrewarde, and some, as partizcns, about his owne person. Thus associating with him '''(.'"'l-""!"!?"
Colmenaris hee went to spoyle the kinges which were borderers thereabout, & came first to to i^-jViV
a region about that coast called Coiba (wherof we made mention before) imperiously and H""*'''°«''f
with cruell countenance commaunding the kinge of the region whose name was Careta (of
whom they were neuer troubled as often as they passed by his dominions) to giue them vic-
tiialles. But Careta denyed that he could giue them any at that time, alleagyng that he had
oftentimes aided the Christians as they passed by those coastes, by reason whereof, his store
was now consumed : also that by the meanes of the continuall warre which hee kept eiier
from his childes ages with a king whose name was Poncha, bordering vpon his dominion, he
and his familie were in great scarcenesse of all thinges. But Vaschus would admit none of
these excuses and thereupon tooke Careta prisoner, spoy led his village, and brought him bounde *i"^ f„""* "
with his two wiues and children, and all his familie to Dariena. With this king Careta, they (poricd.
found ihrec of the fclowes of Nicuesa, the which whe Nicuesa passed by those coastes to
seeke Beragua, fearing punishment for their cuil descries, stole away from the shippes lying
al anker : And when the nauie departed, committed themselues to the mercie of Careta,
who enlerteyned them very friendly. They had now bin there eighleene monethes, and
were therefore as vtterly naked as the people of the countrey. During this time, the meate
of the inhabitantes seemed vnto them delicate dishes & princely fare, especially because
they enioyed the same without any strife for mine and thine, which two thinges mooue and.
enforce men to such harde shifies and miseries, that in lining they seeme not to lyue. Yet *^""^^"'!
desired they to returne to their olde cares, of such force is education and naturall affection mrsrh'eft.
towarde them with whom wee haue bin brought vp. The victuals which Vaschus brought
from the village of Careta, to his fellowes leU in Dariena, was rather somewhat to asswage
their present hunger, then vtterly to take away their necessiiie. But as touching Ancisus, *«»»». Li*"-
becing Lieuetenaunt for Fogeda, whether it were before these things, or after, I knowe not: jH^'.^'/b
but this I am sure of, that after the reiecting of Nicuesa, many occasions were sought against t"}'""'
Ancisus by Vaschus and his factionaries. Howsoeuer it was, Ancisus was taken, and cast in
prih^on, and his goodes confiscate : the cause hereof was (as Vaschus alleadged) that Ancisus
had his commission of the Lieuienantship of Fogeda onely, whom they said to be now dead,
and not of the king, saying that hee woulde not obey any mannc that was not put in office

G g 2 .by

I 'ill

i]}'^-

> \

. i i

^h' '

;i M - ^

f i

'I'll. '

...

! ^ '

it;

I' -

228

Aiicisus takrih
his ^'l■yag« to

Tlie rtutngr uf
Ood.

The iiiconuf-
nirnceiuf di$«
cordc.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The second Decade,

King Ponch.1.

*'. ordj nf wood.

Kinir Carrtacu-
iji.itth witli the
^I'autjrd^^gdirut
ki;>' I'onth.i.

Th.c repion of
(''irnifci,!, dii»
t ii t troni l)a«
Ticrtd. x.xx*
Icjgurs.

Ki.'ij; Como^rii!

by the king himselfe by his lettcw patenten. Yet at the request of the f;raiicst sort, he wn^
somewhat pacified, and dealt more gentlely with him, hailing some compassion on his ca-
lamities, and thereupon commanded liim to be loosed. Ancisus being at libertie, tookc
sliippe to departe from thence to Ilispaniola : hut before he had hoysed vp his suilc all the
wisest sort resorted to him, humbly desiring him to returnc againe, promising that they
woulde doe their diligence, that Vaschus being reconciled, hce might be restored to his full
nuthoritie of the J-ieuetenauntship : but Ancisus refused to consent to their request, and so
departed. Yet some there were that murmured that Cioil and his angely shewed this rcuenge
vppon Ancisus, because Nicuesa was reiected through his counsayle. Howe .so euer it be,
the searchers of the newe landes fall headlong into mine by their owne follie, consiimnig
themselucs with ciuile discorde, not weighing so great a matter, nor employing their best
endeuour about the same, as the woorthynesse of the thing rcquireth. In this meane time,
fhev determined all with rtne agreement, to sende messengers into Ilispaniola to the yoiw,'
Admirall and viceroy, sonne and heyre to Christophorus Colonus the (inder of these landc,
and to the other gouernours of the Ilande (from whom the newe lands receiue their ayde niul
lawes) to signifie vnto them what state they stoode in, and in what neccssitie they lined,
also what they had found, and in what hope they were of greater things, if they were fur-
nished with plentie of victualles and other necessaries. For this purpose they elected, at
the assignement of V'aschus, one Valdiuia, being one of his .faction, and instructed by him
against Ancisus and to bee assistant with him. They appoyntcd one Zamudius, a Cant.i-
brian, so that commaundement was giuen to Valdiuia to returne from Ilispaniola with \i(-
tuals, & Zamudius was appoynted to take his voyage info Spaine to the king. They tooki
.ship both together with Ancisus, hauing in mind to ccrtilie the king howe thingcs were
handled there, much otherwise then Zamudius information. I my selfe spake with both .\ii.
cisus & Zamudius at their comming to the court. While they were occupied about tlu^c
matters, those wretched men of Dariena loosed Careta the king of Coiba, vpon conditidn
that he should aide them in their warrcs against his eiiemie and theirs, king I'oncha, border-
ing vpon his dominions, ("areta made a league with llum, |)roniisiMg that as they pa>siu
by his kingdome, hee woulde glue them all things necessarie, iV.: mecle them with an arnu
of men, to goe forward with them to the battaiic against I'oncha. Their wea|)ons are nrv-
ther bowes nor venomed arrowes, .ns we saide the inhabitaiinles to haiie, which dwel east-
ward beyond the gulfe. They light therefore at hande with long swoordcs ( whiche they cul
Maranas) made of woode, because thcv haue im Iron. Thev \>e also long staues Ivke iaue-
lyns, hardened at the endes with lire, or typt with bone, also certaine slynges and darto
Thus after the league made with Careta, both he and our men had certaine dayes appoynitd
them to tvll their grounde and sowe their seedes. This done, l)\ the avdc of t'areta, and In
his conduction, they marched towartlc the palace of I'oncha, who ficdde at their conimins.
They spoyled his village, and mitigated their hunger with such victualles as they foundc
there: yet could thev not helpe their feilowes thcrwith, by reason of the farre dist;i<-c n,.
the place, although they had great plentie: for the \illage of I'oncha, was more then a hun-
dred miles distant from Dariena, whereas was ai-o none other remedie, but that the saiiu
shoulde haue bin caryed on mens backes to the sea side, being farre of, where they left ihcr
shipjies in the which they came to the village of Careta. Here they found certaine poniidcs
weight of gold, graiien and wrought into sunilrv ouches. .After the sacking of this sWIah',
they resiorted toward the ships, intending to leaue the kinges of the inland vntouched ai iliu
time, and to inuade only them which dwelt bv tiie coastcs. Not farre from ('oiba, in the
same tracte, there is a region named Comogra, iV the king thereof < ailed Coniogrus, al'lrr
the same name. To this king they came tirst next after the subuersion of I'oncha, and
found his pallace situate in a fruitefull plavne of xii. leagues in bre.idth, at the rooies nt
the further side of the next mountaines. Comogrns had in his court a certaine noble ntaii
of neere cosanguinitie to king Careta, whit h had (led to Comogrns by reasim of ceri,;\iit
dissention which was bctweene Careta & him, these noblemen, they cal lura. This Iiira
therefore of Coiba, met our men by the way, and coiicilcd Comogrns to them, because he

was

I ».

you cnl
your hi
quiet
dities,
ing wi|
thin<]
of ^rc|

r/ Dcvdde.

rt, he VIM
on his in-
rlic, tookc
ile all the
that they
to his rull
cut, and so
is rcuciige
cuer it he,
consuming
their best
neane time,
o the von;;
lesc landrs,
ir ayde niui
they lined,
y were liir-
tlerted, at
cled by him
II H, a Can la-
in with \ic-
Thcy torikt
thingcs were
ith both An-
about thi'v'
on coiidiiidii
irha, bordtT-
they |)as<rii
M'ilh nil arnu
iiiiH are nrv-
cli dwei e:i,-l-
lifiu: they r;i:
uest lykc Jam-
's and dar(i'«
,cs appoynit'd
['iirela, and h\
icir conuniiic,
I tliey roiiiidc
iirre distact n;
re then a hiiii-
llnt the siiiiK
ihev left tlicii
•taiiic pisnndiN
l)f tilis \il!.ij;i'.
louthed al tliu
('oiba, in ilic
Limo.nrus, alliT
r I'oiu'lia, and
t the rodics o\
ine noble iii;i!i
)n ol eeri;'.\iii
ra. This Jiira
m, because he
was

The second Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

22y

was wel knowcn to our men, from the time that Nicucsa passed first by those coastes. Our
men thcrfore went quietly to the pallacc of Comogrus, being distant from Dariena thirtie
leagues by a plaine way' about the mountayncs. The king Comogrus had seuen sonnes,
yong men, of comely fonrine & stature, which he had by sundry wyues. His pallacc was J,^',^l"^"
framed of |)ostcs or proppes made of trees fastened together after a strange sort, and of so
strong building, that it is of no Icsse strength then walles of stone. They which measured
the length of the floore thereof, found it to be a hundred and fiftie paces, and in breadth,
fourescore footc, being roofed and paued with maruelous arte. They founde his storehouse
furnished with abundfice of delicate victuals after the manner of their country, and his wine
seller replenished with great vesselles of earth and also of wood, filled with their kinde of
wine and sider, for they haue no grapes: but like as they make their bread of those three wiueJuidn
kindes of rootes called lucca, Agis and Maizium (whereof wc spake in the first Decade) so
make they their wine of the fruites of Date trees, and Sider of other fruites and seedes as
do the Almaynes, Fleiningcs, English men, and our Spaniardes whir'i inhabite the moun-
faine.s, as the Vascons and Astiirians : likewise in the mountainc- of the Alpes, the Nori-
cians, Sweuians, and Ileluecians, make ccrtayne drinkes of b..fley, wheate, hoppes, and
apples. They say also that with Comogrus they drunke wines of sundry tastes, both white
and black. But nowe you sh;ill heare of a thing more monstrous to beholde. Entring there- ^'"'" """•
fore into the inner paries of the pallace, they were brought into a chamber hanged about
with the rarkasses of men, tyed witii ropes of gossampine cotton. Being demaund.'d what
they ment by that superstition, they answered that those were the carcasses of the father,
graund father, & great graundfather, with other tht^ auncetours of their king Comogrus,
declaring that they had the same in great reuerence, and that they tooke it for a godly thing
to honour them religiously, and therefore apparelled euery of the same sumptuously with
gold and precious stones, according vnto their estate, ^fter this sortc did the antiquitic
honour their I'cnates, which they thought had the gouernance of their liues. How they
drie these carcxsses vpon certaine instrumentes made of wood, like vnto hurdells, with a soft The orcasiSM of
fire vnder the same, so that onely the skinne rcmaineth to hold the bones together, we haue
described in the former Decade. Of Como^irus his seuen sonnes, the eldest had an excellent
naliirall wit. lie therefore thought it good to flatter and please this wanderyng kinde of
men (our men I mcane) lining only by shifces & spoyle, lest being offended, and seeking
occasions against him & his familie, they should handle him as they did other which sought
no mcanes how to gratifie them : Wherefore he gaue Vaschus ancl Colmenaris foure thou-
sande ounces of golde artificially wrought, and also fiftie slaues, which hec had taken in the
warres : for such, cither they sell fur cxchaunge of their thinges, or otherwise vse them as
them lisfcth, for they haue not the vse of money. This golde with as much more which
they had in another place, our men weighed in the porch of Comogrus his palace, to sepa-
rate the lift parte thereof "«hich portion is due to the kinges Exchequer for it is decreed, ^""^ '?'"''''"'''"'
that the lift part of both guide, pearlcs, and pretious stones, should bee assigned to the ^"
kinges treasurers, and the residue to ije diuided among theniselues by composition. Here
as brabbling and contention arose among our men about the diuiding of gold, this eldest
«!onne of king Comogrus being present, whom we |)raysed for his wisedome, comming some-
what with an angrye countenaiince toward him which helde the ballaunces, he stroke them
with his fiste, and scattered all the gold that was therein about the porche, sharpelye re- Young Com,.-
bnking them with woordes in this elVette. What is the matter, you Christian men, that you so ''"' ""'"'"'"•
greatly esteeme so little portion of gold more then your owne quietnesse, which neuerthclessc
yon intend to deface fron> these I'ayre ouches, and to melt the same in a rude masse. If
your hunger of gold, bee so insatiable, that onely for the desire you haue therett), you dis-
quiet so many nations, and you your seines also susteyne so many calamities, and incommo
dities, lyning like banished men out of your owne countrey, I will shewe you a region flow-
ing with <4olde, where you may satisfie your rauening appetites: But you must attempt the
thing with a greater power, for it stfideth you in hand by force of armes to ouercome kings
of j;rcat puissauncc, and rigorous defendours of their dominions. For beside other the

The luiiijer ut"
goMc.

A rf^ion tiowiiig
with gold.

'• I

,«'r J ;■!

4 f 1

:>¥i\U

230

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The second Decadt,

King Tumi
nama.

Ctnibilu.

c moun<
tiynct.

Vnirrought
golde not ts-

Ahundancr of
(oldc.

Housholdt
nufft of goMt.

great king Tumanama will come foorth aRainot you, whose kingdomc in most richc with
golde, and diMant from hence only sixc sunnos, that is, sixe daycn : for they number ihe
dayeu by the wunnc. Furthermore, or cucr you can come thither, you muste passe oner the
mountaynef) inhabited of the cruell Canibalcs, a licrcc kinde of men, deiiourcrs of mans
fleshe, lyuing without lawos, wanderinsr, and without Emnire : for they also being desirous
of golde, hauc subdued them vnder their dominion, which before inhabited the gnldc myncs
Tht golde minti of the mountayncs, and vse them like bonde men, vsing their labour in digging and work-
ofthemoun. j^^ jj^^.^ jrolde in plates and sundry images, like \nto these which you see here: for we doe
no more esteme rude gold vnwrou>;ht, then wee doe cloddcs of earth, before it be fourmrj
by the hande of the woorkemcn to the similitude cither of some vesfici necessarie for our
vse, or some ouche beaulifull to be worne. These thingcs dnc wee reccyuc of them f. r
exchaunge of other of our thinges, as of prisoners taken in w.trre, which they buie to eatc,
or for sheeles and other (hinges perteining to the furniture of housholdc, such as they la>kc
which inhabite the mountaynes, and especially for victualls, whereof they stand in great
neede, by reason of the barrennes of the mountaines. This iourney ihercfore must be innde
open by force of men, & when you are passing ouer these mountaines (poynling with his
finger towarde the South mountaines) you shall see another sea, where they sayle with shippc!!
as bigge as yours (meaning the Carauels) vsing both sayles and ores as you doe, although
the men be naked as wee are : all the way that the water runneth from the mountaines, and
all that side lying towarde the South, bringeth forth golde abundantly. As hee said these
woordes, he pointed to the vesselles in which they vse to scruc their meate, affirming that
king Tumanama, and all the other kings beyond the mountaines, had such & al other their
household stuffe of golde, and that there was no lesse plentie of gold among those people
of the South, then of Iron with vs : for he knewc by relation of our men, whereof on;
swoordes and other weapons were made. Our captaines marueiling at the oration of the
naked yong man (for they had for interpretcis those three men which had ben before a yecrt
and a halfe conucrsaunf in the courte of kiig Careta) pondered in their nindes and ear.
rtcstly considered his sayinges, so that his rash'usse in scattering llie gold out of the bal-
launces, they turned to mirth and vrbanitie, ct-nmcnding his doing and saying therein.
Then they asked him friendly, \[iO what certainc knowil.dge he spike those thinges, or what
he thou;!;ht best herein to be done, if they should bring a greater supply of men ? To this
young Comogrus staying a while with himselfe, as it were an Oratour preparing himselfe to
speake of some graue matter, and disposing his brxly lo a gesture meetc to perswade, spake
thus in his mother tongue Giue eare vnto me, O you Christians. Albeit that the greetlie
hunger of gold hath not yet vexed vs naked men, yet do we destroy one another by rea>on
of ambition and desire to rule. Hereof springclh mortal hatred among vs, & hereof rom-
meth our destruction. Our predccessours kept warres, and so did Comogrus my father,
with princes being borderers about him. In the whiche warres, as we haue ouercome, so
haue wee beenc ouercome, as doth appeare by the number of bondmen among vs, whiche
wee tooke by the ouerlhrowc of our enemies, of the which I haue giuen you fiftie. Like-
wise at another time, our aduersaries hauing the vpper hand against vs, led away many of
vs captiue, for such is the chauncc of war. Also, among our familiars (wherof a grejt
number haue beene capiiues with them) behold here is one which of long time led a paine-
ful life in bondage vnder the yoke of that king beyonde the mountaynes, in whose king-
dome is such abundance of gold. Of him, and such other innumerable, and likewise b^
the resort of free men on their side comming to vs, and againe of our men resorting to then
by safe conduct, these things haue beenc euer as well knowne vnto vs, as our own pos-
sessions: but that you may be the better assured here of, & be out of all suspiiion that you
shall not be deceiued, make me the guide of this voyage, binding me fast, and keeping ret
in safe custodie to bee hanged on the next tree, if you finde my savinges in any poynt vn-
true. Followe my counsayle therfore, and sende for a thousand Christian men apt for the
warres, by whose power we may, with also the men of warre of Comogrus my father armed
after our manner, inuade the dominions of our enemies : where both you may be satisfied

with

Nikrdptople
tJrmetrd with

ambition.

A vchfmeni

gouernour
learned of
tion therec
myghf by I
not bring
ing with
hundred pt
to the kin^
ill weight
pniiiulc I'c
pt'cces of I
of the bar
^ poundc :
1 braselels,
i noscthrils.
I and return!

i\\\

Tiie second Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

i '• \

en ? To this

with
sel

th goide, and we Tor our conducting and ayding you in this enterprise, shall thinke our
ues abundantly rewarded, in that you shall helpe to deliucr vs from the iniuries and per-
peiuall feare oF our enemies. After these words, this prudent young Comogrus held his
peace, and our men moued with great hope and hunger ot'golde, began agayne to swallowc AtokmorhtM'
downe their spittle.

The Tuurth Chapter of the seconde Decade, of the supposed continent.

AFter that they hadde taryed heere a Tewe dayes, and baptised Comogruf, with all his Krng Comtpu.
familie, and named him by the name of Charles, after the King of Spayne, they returned h'.fj^jjl"'"'
to their felluwcs in Dariena, leauing with him the hope of the thousande souldiers, whiche
his Sonne required to pnssc ouer those mountaynes towarde the South sea. Thus entryng
into the village which they had chosen to inhabite, they had knowledge that Valdiuia was
returned within sixe monethcs after his departure, but with no great plentie of victualles,
because hee brought but a small shippe : yet with hope that shortly after, there should be
sent them abundance of victualles, and a newe supply of men For young Colonus the
Admiral), and viceroy of Ilispaniola, and the other gouernours of the Ilande, acknowledged
that hitherto they had no respect to them of Dariena, beecause they supposed that Ancisus
the Lieutenant had safely arriued there with his ship laden with victualles : willing them
from henceforth to be of good cheare, and that they should lacke nothing hereafter, but that
at this present time they had no bigger ship whereby they might send them greater plenty
of necessaries by Valdiuia. The victuals therefore which he brought, serued rather somwhat
to mitigate their present necessitie, then to satisfie their lacke. Wherefore within a fewe
dayes after Valdiuia his rcturne, they fell ag.iyne into like scarcenesse : especially foras-
muche as a great storme and tempest which came from the hygh mountaynes, with horrible HoniUeihvi.
thunder and lightning in the moneth of Nouember, brought with it suche a floude, that it m"'ii'i!J.'"*
]>artly caryed away, and partly drowned all the corne and seeds which they had sowen in mon'ih «r n*.
the moneth of September, in a fruitefull grounde before they went to king Comogrus. The """*•'•
seeds whiche they of Hispaniola call Maizium, and they of Vraba call Hobba, whereof they
make their bread, whiche also we sayde to be rype thrise euery yeere, because those re-
gions are not bytten with the sharpenesse of winter by reason of their neerenesse to the
lu{tiin(icliall lyne. It is also agreebic to the principles of naturall philosophie, that this
bread made of Maizus or Hobba, shoulde be more wholesome for the inhabitants of those
rountreys then breade made of wheate, by reason that it is of easier digestion : for whereas
coldc is wanting, the naturall hente is not driuen from the outwarde partes into the inwaide
partes and prccordialles, whereby digestion is muche strengthened. Being therefore thus frus-
trate of tiie increase of their seedcs, and the kinges neere about them, spoy led of both victualles
and goldc, they were enforced to seekc their meate further of and therewith to signific to the
gouernoures of Ilispaniola with what great necessitie they were oppressed, and what they had
learned cf Comogrus as concerning the regions towarde the South, willing them in considera-
tion thereof, to aducriise the king to sende them a thousande souldiers, by whose helpe they
myght by force make way through the mountaynes, diuiding the sea on both sides, if they coulde
not bring the same to passe quietly. The same Valdiuia was also sent on this message, cary-
ing with him to the kinges treasurers (hauing their office of receipt in Hispaniola) three
luindred poundes weight of golde, after eyght ounces to the pounde, for the fift portion due
to the kinges exchequer. Thic pound of eight ounces, the Spanyardes call Marcha, whiche
in weight ami)iinteth to fifiie pieces of golde called Castellani, but the Castilians call a
pounde Pcsum. Wee conclude therefore, that the summe hereof, was xv. thousand of those
pt'cres of j;,()l(l c.illcd Castellani. And thus is it apparent by this accompt, that they receiued
of the barKirous kings a thousande and fyue hundred poundes, of eight ounces to the
|)oiindc: ail the whiche they foundereadie wrought in sundry kindcs of ouches, as chines,
bra^iciels, t.iblctes, and plates, both to hang before their brestes, and also at their eares, and
notcthrils. Valdiuia therefore tookcshyppingin the same Carauell in the which he came last,
and returned also before the third day of the Ides of lanuary, in the yeere of CHRIST. 141 1.

What

;: m: ^ ;

,;,!!

'i ;»

. . . » '

I'll* ' '*

233

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Ttic second Decade.

) •

f .«

i'VlV

H I

spi ilj!

Marysh«

ground.

Ai'viiU"; hittrn
ut' a b;ittr.

A icmpcst.

Kiii^ 'i'urui.

The Hand* of

Caniuhituli.

What chaunced to him in this voyiigc, we will declare in place conucnicnt. But let v« now
rcturne to them whirhe rcmayned in Vraba. After the dismissing i)f Valdiuia, being prirkcd
forwardr with outragious hunger, they determined to searthe the inner partes of that gulfc In
sundry places. The extreame angle or poynt of the same gulfe is distant from the entrance
thereof, about fonrescorc niyles. This angle or corner, the Spanyardes call Culata. Vaschiu
himseife came to this poynt with a hundred men, coasting along by the gulfe with nno
brigandine and certayne of the boatcs of those regions, whiche the Vrabians call Vru, like
• them whiche the inhabitaiintcs of Hispaniola call Canoas. From this poynt, there
.„(leth a ryuer from the Kast into the gulfe, ten times bigger then tlie riuer of Dariena,
which also fallcih into the same. Sayling along by the riuer about the space of thirtie mylej
(for they call it nine leagues) and somewhat enclining towarde the right handc Southwarde
they founde certayne villajjes of the inhabifantes, the king whereof was called Dabaiba. Oir
men also were certified bt lore, that Ceniacrhus the king of Dariena, whom tliev J>ut to fljcrln
in the battrgfle, (Icdde to this Dabaiba, but at the comming of our men, Dabuiba also flctldc.
It is thought that he was :idmonyshed by Cemacchus, that he shoulde not abide the brunt iif
our men. He followed his counsayle, forsookc his villages, and left all Ihinges desolate:
yet our men founde heapes of bowcs and arrowes, also much housholde slufle, and many
fishing boates. Riit those mary»he groundes were neyther apt for sowing of seedes, nr
planting of trees, by reason whereof, they founde there fewe such thinges as they desired,
that is, plentie of victuallcs : for the inhabifantes of this region haue no breade, but .suchaj
they gette in other countryes neere about them by cxchang for their fishe, onely to seme
their owne nccessitie : yet fcund they in the houses of tho>e whiche fledde, golde wnnijilit
and grauen, amounting to the sum of seucn thousandc of those peeces, which wee saydr 1 1
bee called Casfellani : also certayne Canoas, of the whiche they brought aw.iy two with tiietii
and great plentie of their houxhold stufle, with certaine bundels of bowes & arrowes. Tlii ,
say, that from the maryshcs of that riuer, there came certaine battes in tlie night season, j.
bigge as turtle doues, inuadyng men, and byting them with a deadly wounde, as some if
them testifie which haue been biitrn of the same. I my srife communing with Anci-iis tie
Lieutenant whom they reiecled, and among other thinges asking him (f the venemous byiin^.
of these battes, hce tolde nic fliat he hinisclfe was bitten by one of them on the heelc, hi*
footc lying vncnuered in the night, by reason of the heafe in Sommer season, but that it hi;-:
him no more, then if he had bin bitten by any other beast not vencmous. Other say, thai i
biting of soine of them is \eneinous: yet that the same is healed incontinently, if it Iff
washed with water of the sea. Ancisus tdlde mee also, that the veneinous wounds madi I,
the Canibales arrowes infectc<l with |)oyson, are healed hv wa>ihin.; with water of tlic «cj.
and also by cauterising with whot irons, and that he had experience thereof in the rei;iiin I
Caribana, where manv of his men were so wounded. They dep.irted therefore frum t'r
poynt of the niilfe of Vraba not wel rontenfcd, because they were not laden with victii.ilk
In this their returne, there arose so groat a tempest in that wide goulfe, that they were en-
forced to caste into the sea all tlic housliolde slud'e, which they tooke from tlie poore wrrtdi;
which iyiied oncIy by lishing. The sea also swalowed vp the two boates that they tooke fn ,
them, wherewith the men were likewise drowned. The same lime that \'asthus Nim ,
attempted to search the poynt of the gulfe towarde tlie South, eucn then by agreement,: I
RodericiisColminaris take his vovagc toward the mountains by the Mast, with threescore nur,
by the riuer of the other giilfe. About fourtie myles disf.int froin the moutli of tlie other ri c
(for they cal it tweliie leagues) he founde certaine \illages .situate v[)oii the ii.ankes d i r
ryuer, wluise Chiiii (that is) king, they call Tumi. With this king did Colniinaris \et r.-
mayne, when Vasthus alter his returne to Dariena, sayling by the same riuer, came iv ir::
Here refreshing their whole companic with the victualles of this Turui, they departed Ir ;i
thence together. Other fourtie myles from hence, the riuer cncompasscfh an Hand inhal iic 1
with fisher men. In this, because they sawc great plentie of trees whiche bearc Cassia li«tii!i,
they named the Ilande Cannalistula. They found in it xl. villages of ten cof.iges ajieci'
On the right side of the Ilande fiierc runneth another riuer, whoso clianel is of deaptli Mill -

eicfit

Dyl
ritie to nil
vppoii th(l
tdiic. o|
called hir
to come c|
suflir hin
except hd
else set itf
VOL. v|

* I

Tlie second Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIliS,

II I

cicnt to bcarc Brigandincs. Thin riuer ihey called Riiium Nigrum, from the mouth whcrof,
about XV. myles distant, they Tounde a towne of fiue C. houses seuered whose Chebi (that u)
king, VIM called Abenainachei. They all forsooke their hoiixes, as soone as they heard of our
mens coiniiijt : but when they saw that our men pursued thP, they turned againe & ran vpoir
them with desperate minds, as men driue from their ownc possessions. Their wc.ipons arc
swords of wood, and long staues like iauelins, hardened at the end with fire : but they vsc
neyther bowcs imr arrowcs, nor any other of the inhnbitatmtes of the West side of the gulfe.
The poore n.iked wretches were e.isily dryuen to flight with our weapons. As our menne
followed thcin in the chase, they tooke t\\f king Abciiamachei, and certaync of his noble men.
A commo souldier of ours whotn the king had wounded, comming to him when he was taken,
cutte of his arme at one stroke with his nwoorde: but this was doone vnwares to the cap-
tavnes. The number of the Christian men whiche were here, was about an hundred and
fiftie : the one halfe whereof the captjynes left hrre, and they with the residue rowed vp the
ryuer a;;aync, with twelue of the boats of those rej^ions, which they call Vru, as they of
Ilispanioln call them Canoas as we haue suyde. From the riuer of Riuus Niger, and the
llande of C'annafistula, for the space nl threescore and ten miles leaning both on the ri;;ht
hand and on the left, many riuers falling into it bigger then it selfe, they cntred into one,
by the conducting of one of the naked inhabitauntes, beeing appoynted a guide for that
purpose. Vppon the banke of this riuer next vnto the mouth of the same, there was a king
called Abibeiba, who because the region was full of maryshes, hadde his palbre builded in
the toppc of a hygh tree, a new kind of building, and scldomc scene: but that lande Kin? AWbeib.
bringelh forth trees of such exceding height, that among their branches a man may fram*? ^,'*|,''"'"" *
large houses: as wee reade the like in diners authors, howc in manic regions where tuc
Ocean sea riseth and ouerflowcth the landc, the pcnple were accustomed to flee to the hygh '. '"' 'i"'"* "'
trees, and after the fall of the water, to take the (ishe left on the land. This maner of build-
ing, is to lay beames crosse oner the branches of the trees, fast boundc together, and there-
upon to raysc their frame strongly made agaynst winde and weather. Our menne sup|)osc
tluit they buildc their houses in trees, by reason of llie great flouds and ouerllowing of riuers,
whiihc oftentimes chaun(e in those regions. These trees are of suche beyght, that the Trcd of m.ir-
strength of no mans arme, is able to hurle a stone to the houses builded therein. And ""'""'''"'''"•
thorfore doc I giiie the better credit to Plinie, and other authors, whiche write that the trees Hinie.
in some jilaces in India are so high by reason of the fruitfulnes of the ground abundance of
water, and heatc of the region, that no man is able to shoote ouer them with an arrowc : and ,, .. , ,,
by ludgement oral! men, it is thought that there is no fruitcfuller grounde vnder the sunne, jtoundr.
tlien it is whereof wee nowe intreate. Our menne measuring manic of these trees, found
them to bee of suchc bigncsse, that scucn men, yea sometime eight, holding handc in hande
with their amies s'retcheil foorth, were srarsciy able to fathnme them about : yet haue they
their celiers in the grounde, well replenished with such wines whereof wee haue spoken be-
fore. For albeit that the vchcmcncic of tlic winde is not of power to cast downc those
houses, or breakc the braunchcs of the trees, yet are they tossed therewith, and swaye some-
what from side to -"ide, by n-a-^on whereof, the wine shouldc bee much troubled with moouing.
Ml other nccessaric tliinges they haue with them in the trees. When the king or any other
of flic nubio men, dine or suppe in tlicsc frees, their wyues are brought them from the
(cllcrs by their scriiaunles, whiche by uicaiies of exercise, are accustomed with no lesse cele-
rilic to runiie vp and downc the staires adherente to the tree, then do our wayting boyes
\p|)on the playne grounde fctche vs what wee call for from the cobbarde beside our dyning
tiblc. Our men therefore came to the tree of king Abebeiha, and by the interpretoures
called him foorth to communication, giuing him signes of pc.ice, and thereupon willing him
to come downe. JJiit hee denyed that hec woulde come out of his house, desiring them to
sutler him to lyue after his fashion : but our men fell from I'ayre wordes to threatning, that
except he woulde descende with all his familie, they woulde eyther ouerthrowe the free, or jj\';''';,f','i;r''"
else set it on fire. When he hadde denied thein agayne, they fell to hewing the tree with tr.f,')rcideth

II k tUn'ir to Vaskhui.

1- ', "

4.1 lie >l

■ii.:\\\

. i^ . . 1 : !t

VOL. V.

II h

their '

IV ■ Hvl

. t

'I I

«>f'

. fi i

I- '

ii '■ , 1

! ..

'.«

rr'i'

' ! ! .

■

, 1

. /\

\ '

! \

t:*

Sit,, i

CsmbaUi*

Men good f-

fii'Ujth if thry
hiul irfru.

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

The second Decade,

iU'\A no mnrr
riircined then
Menu.

their axci. Abcbciba ncciiig «hc chi|ipci Till from the tree on cuery nidc, chaiinKcd hw
purpose, and came downc with oncly two of hist noniiCM. Thim afler they had entreated nf
peace, they communrd orK'Hhcrinj{ «)f fjoldr. Abrbeiba answered that he had no goldc, and
that hcc neiier had any necdc thereof, nor yot regarded it any more then utonen. Ihit when
they were iniHiantr vppon him, lice wyde vnto them, if you so greatly denire goldc, I will
Rceke for *omv in the next mountayne^, and bring it vnto you : for it i* plentifully cngen-
dred in llioxc numnlayncM. Then he appoynird a day when he wouide bring thiit golde. Hut
Abebciba came neither nt the day nor after the day appointed. They departed therfore from
fht'ce well rtfrrHhcd with his victiiaileM and wine, but not with golde m thev hoped; jn
were ihcy rnformed the like by Abrbeiba and his ditionarics as concerning the gold miiuN
and the ('anibals, as they heard before nf king Comogrus. Sayling yet further about thirtic
myic8, ihcy chnunced vpon cerlayne cotages of the Canibalen, but vtterly voydc without men
or stufle: for when they had knowledge that <»ur men wandered in the prouinces neere abom
ihetn, they resorted to the mountaines, carying all their goods and stulle with them.

The fift Chapter of the scconde Decade, of the supposed continent.

IN the mcane time while these tliingcs were done along by the shores or bankcs of ilic

riucr, a certainc Dccurian, that is, a captaine oner ten, tjf the company of tliose which

V'aschus and Colminaris had left for a ^arryson in Hitio Nigro, in the doniinion of kin;'

Abinamachei, whether it were that he was compelled through hunger, or that his fatal (la\

was now come, he attempted with his souldiers to search the countries thereabout, and ciitrtil

into the village of a king called Abraiba. Thiscaplayncs name was Haia, whom Abraiba s|u(

with two t)f his feilowcs, but the residue lied. Within a fewe dayes after, Abraiba hiniiii;-

compassion on the calamilie of his kinsman and neighbour Abenamacheius, bceiiig dryiun

from his owne possessions (whose arme al.^o we sayd before that one of the souldiers cm di

at the riucr of Hiuo Nigro) and now remaining with Abraiba, to whom he fled by sicaltli nl'irr

hee was taken, went to Abibeiba the inhabitour of the tree, who had now likewise forsiikcn

his countrey for feare of our men, and wandered in tlie desolate mountaines and woodiN.

When he had therforc founde him, hee sj)akc to him in this elfect. What thing is this, u\\

vnfortunate Abibeiba ; or what nation is this that so tormentelh vs, that we cannot enioy (inr

(|uiet libertie ; howe long, howe long I say, shall we suffer their cruellie ; were it not nun h

better for vs to die, then to abide such iniurics and oppressions as you, as Abinamathtlu,

our kinsman, as Cemacchns, as Careta, as I'oncha, as I and other prnices of our order doc

susieyne ? Canne anie thing bee more intoilerable, then to sec our wiucs, otir children, and

our subiectes, to be ledde away captiues ; and our goodes to be spoyled euen before mx

faces: I take the gwls to witnesse, that I speakc not so muc!> for mine owne part as I do fi

you, whose case I lament : for albeit they haiie not yet touched me : neuertheics by thexfiplo

of other, I ought to thinke that my destruction is not far of Let vs iherfore (if we be men)

trie our strength, & prouc our fortune agaynst them which haue dealt thus cruellv wiili

Abenamacheius, and driuen him out of his coiuitrey, let vs set on them with al our prwrr,

and vftcrly destroy them. And if we can not sla) them al, yet shal we make the al'raiilc

either to assayle vs againe, or at the least diminishe their power: for whatsoeuer shal licCilI,

nothing can chaunce woorse vnto vs then that which we nowe sufllr. When Abibeiba hc.ir.l

these words & such other like, he condescended to do in al thing* as Abraiba wouldc

reiiuirc : whereupon they ap|)oynte(l day to bring their conspiracic to passe, but the thin;;

chaunced not acci rding to their desire : for of those whiche we saidc to haue j)assed to the

Canibaif, there returned by chaunce to Kiuus Niger the night before the dav appointed u

woorke their feate, thirtic men, to tiie aide of them whiche were left there, i^f any sediiimi

sliould rise as thty suspected. Therefore at the dawning of the day the confederate Kini,'<,

with fine hundreih of their diiionaries armed after their maner, besieged the village wiiiu

terrible alaiome, knowing nothing of the new men whiche came thither the same ni;;ht.

Here our target men came fourth against them, and first assailed them a farrc of with tlitir

armwcs

wliiche
peri tie i
haue dry I
determine
kingcs ( wl
ihousandc
siifficient
(iiuided an
the (lay a
be si.ivne
any lliat cr
tor, hee d
seme mor
V'aschus,
and all thr
matter viii
I lared to I

ul Decade.

aiinRcd hw

ntrcatcd df

goldc, and

Bm when

oldc, I will

ully cngen-

goldc. But

crfdrc from

hoprd : yn

gold miius

tboiit thiriif

villiniit men

nfcrt' about

tin.

iikos of the
liosc whiih

loll of kill'4

tin falnl (|]\
t, and ciurc!

i\l)r;iib;i slue
rail)n haiiiii;;

einj; dryiiiii
ilditT-i rut (i|

slinltl) .il'lrr
she forsiikiii

;iiul \voii(li.'«,
If; ii this, nil
wt cnioy our
p it Dot muih
binamnclu'iu^
)ur order due
childreii, aiul
I) before (iiir
m as I do fi r
H by tbex.'iplo
f wc l)e men)

triielly wiili
al our ])( wcr,
c the afraidi"
er shal beCilI,
bibeilM hcanl
raiba wotildc
)Ul the thill;;
pusHed to ihc

appointed 1 1

any sedilioii
derate Kings
village with a
' satnc ni^iu.
of with tht'ir
arrowcs

Th« iccond Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

835

arrowe*. then with their pykc* and la^t with their «woortlc« ; l)iif the naked «cely •otdv«, per-
reiiiinjc a «'■<'''•«'''""'"'*♦''■ <'f •'i*'"' ado' >« .!"• then they looked (or, were Noone driiicn to
(lijjhf, and ulainc lor the mont parte « ♦ering nhcepc. The kin^a escaped, they hIuc

many, and tonke many eaptiuen, whit ' »ent to Dariena, where they v«ed them for CiKiuti.
labouren to till and lowe their grounde. >^iu ^e thinges ihiiN happily atehiiied, and that pro-

;1. "' I

iiince quieted, they returned by the riuer to Dariena, ieauing their thiriie men for a garrixou, ^ ««rri«inof
vnder the gouernance of one Furntado a captaine. 'I'hiw I'liratado therefore, sent from Hi no """•"""•
Nigro, where he wan appointed gouernour. xx. of hi* felowe«, and one woman, with xxiiii.
raptiueH, to Vaw-huH and hi* companie, in one of the biggest Cantvw of that prouincc. Ah
they rowed downc the ryiier, there came foorth lodenly oucrthwart the ryiier against them
fdiire great Canoas, which ouerthrewe their boate, and nine an many of them as they could v.^h-n,
come by, because they were vnprepared, sixpccting no such tiling. Our men were ail ^'j',',',* j','!,"
drowned and nlaine, except two, which hid thcmselucH among ceriaine fagottcs that swamme ■t'uwncii.
on the water, in the which they lay lurking, and so escaped to their feiiowes in Dariena ; who
by them being aduerliscd hereof, bcegannc to cast their wittcs what thiii thing might meanc,
being no lessc soliritatc for them sclues, then meditating in what daiiniier their feiiowes had
bin in |{iuo Nigro, except by good fortune, those thirlic ncwc men which were sent to then),
hadde come to the village the night before the conspiracic should haue heene wrought. Con-
sulting therefore what was best to bee doone herein, at the length with diligent searching,
they had intelligence that Hue kinges, that is to witte, Abebciba the inhabitour of the iree, ^|'','^''|."»'V,,j
and Ccmacchus druien from his vil'igc which our men nowc possessed, Abraiba al.o and <i"^ <i»<ii ur tiM
Abcnamacheiu'*, kinsmen, with Dabaiba the king of the fisher men, inhabiting the corner of '■'"""•"••
the guife whichc wee called Culata, where all assembled to conspire the Christian mens de-
struction at a day assigned: which thing had surely come to passo if it had not beeiie other-
wise hiniiered i>y (Jmls prouidence. It is therefore asrril)cd io a miracle, and truely not .
\nworthily, if wee wayc howe chaimcc detected and bewrayed the counsaylc of these kinges. ciuVnc"<J*
And because if is worthy to be hcarde, I will declare it in lewc wordes. Vasehus Nunncz,
therefore, who rather by power then by election, vsur|)ed the gouernance in Dariena, being
a maister of fence, and rather a rashe royster then a poliiike captaine (although fortune
sointime fauoreth fooler) among many women which in diners of these rei'ions he hadde
taken captiue, had one, which in fauoiir and beauty excelled al other. To this woman hcr„,
l)riiiher iTien times resorted, who was also driiien out of his country with king Cemacchus, k^p'^nLcoun.
with whome he was very familiar, and one of his chiefe gentlemen. Among other commu-"'''"
iiicaiion whit h he hadde with his sister whom hec loued entirely, he vttered these wordes.
My lieare and wclbeloued sister, giue care to my sayinges, and keepe most secretely that
whiche i will declare vnto you, if you <lesire your owne wealth and mine, and the pros-
pciitie of our coinitrey and kiiisefojkes. the iiisolcncie and crueltic of these men whiche
haue dryiien \s out of our possessions, is so intollcrable, that the princes of the landc arc
determined no longer to susteyne their op|)rcs.sions. By the conducting therefore of fyue
kinges (whiche he named in.nlrr) they i>aue prepared a hundred great Canoas with fiuc .'^"i,""^'/
thousandc men of warre by lande and by sea, with victuals also in the village of Tichiri, «'■'"''".«"'<
sudicicnt to maintayne Muh an armie: declaring further, that the kinge-i by agreement, jijj ')""• M. ™f"
(liuided among them the .;<)iides and heads of our mcnne, and therefore admonished her. atTnumphw-
the (lay a|)poynted by -onie occasion to cois; 'ifili her selfc out of the way, least she should fo" vi-'""
be slayne in the cdnfiisiKii of the battayie: It iiu* souldier victoiirer, is not woont to spare
iinv liiat commcth in his race. And thus shewing his sister the day assigned to the slaugh-
ter, hec departed. But the young woman (for it is the swoorde that women feare, and ob-
serue more then the graiiiiie of Cato) whether it were for the loue or feare that she had to ,ur'X™r"
Vasehus, forgeiins; lier parentes, her kinsfolkes, her countrey, and all her friendes, yea '"•«""•"'•
and all the kuges into whose thro.ites Vasehus h.id thruste his sworde, she opened all the
matter vnto him and concealed none of those thingcs which her vndiscrct brother had de-
clared toller When Vasehus tliercforc had heard the matter, he caused Fuluia, (for so Iwd

lib 2 thov

rsti-aC^

v^T^'t^'^

±gt.,

k,«>.<<K>

! ■ li

•".li

),. "

I r

^ .•■il if?

V • >

236

The cnnipiracie
of thr kyiigs U
detected.

Kyng Ccmac-
chus conspircth
the death of
Vaichus.

Vaschuipur-
sutth the kings
with threrscoi
and ten men

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The second Decade.

Colminnril
sjcketh the vyU

lago of Tichiri.

Fyuf rulfrs
li.tii^ril b sliot
tliriHigh With
uruwcs.

lohnn. QiiKf-
^f Is iem to
Sjiayne.

they named her) to sende for her brother, who came to her immediatly, was taken, & en-
forced to tel the whole circustances of the matter : wherupon he plainely confessed, that
king Cemacchus his Lord and maister, sent those foure Canoas to the destruction of our men,
and that these new conspiracies were attempted by his counsayle : likewise that Cemacchus
rcught the destruction of Vaschus himseU'e, when he sent him xl. men, vnder pretence of
friendship, to till and sowe his grounde, after the maner of the counlrey, giuing them in
commandcment to slay Vaschus at Marris, whither he resorted to comfort his labourers, n<
the maner is of al good husbandcs, yet durst they at no time execute their Lordes cdni-
niaundement vpon him, because Vaschus came neuer among them a footc or vnarmcd, hm
was accustomed to ryde to them in hamesse with a iauelin in his hand, and a swoordc liv
his side. Wherefore Cemacchus being frustrate of his particular counsayle, tooke this last
thing in liande, to his owne destruction and his nei<!;hbours: for the coiispiracie being (i(.
tcctcd, Vaschus called threescore and tenne souldiers, commanding them to follow him, h\]\
declared nothing vnto them whither he went, or what he entended to doe. lie went (or-
ward therefore first toward Cemnrcluis, which lay from him oncly ten myles : but lip liuj
knowledge that he was fledde to Dabaiba, the king of the maryshes of Culala. Yet srarcliim-
his village, hee founde a noble man, a niler vnder him, and also his kinsman whom he tockc
prysoner, with many other of his familiars and friendcs botli men and women. The sanir
houre tiiat he set forwarde to scekc for Cemacchus, Rodericus Colminaris rowed vp the ryiior
with foure of their biggest Canoas, and threescore men, by the conduction of the nia\(!c<
brother, who brought him to the village of Tichiri, in the which we said all their victual-; ti,
remain which were prepared for their armic. Colminaris therfore sacked the village, and
possessed all their victuals, and wine of sundry coloures, likewise tookc the gruentnnr
thereof prysoner, and hanged him on the tree in which he dwelt himselfe, commaundinj
him to bee shot through with arrowcs in the sight of the inhabitantes, antl with him fnnn
other rulers to be hanj^ed on gibbets to the example of other rebels. This punishment iliiiN
executed vpon the conspiratours, stroke the hearts of all the inhabitants of the prouincc wiil,
such feare, that there is not now a man that dare stirre his finger against the wralh of c nr
men. They line now thereftTe quietly, and the other kings by tlieir example doe the
gladlier line in subiectio, with lessc offence bearing the yoke \khich they can by no meaiicj
shake of.

The sixt Chapter of the second Decade, of the supposed continent.

Tllese thinges thus finished, assembling all their company together, they determined with
one consent, that a messenger shoulde foorthwith bee sent to Hispaniola ( from whence \\w\
haue their lawcs and ayde) to declare the whole order of all these affaires, first lo the Ad-
miral and gouernour of the Hand, and afterward to the Kingof Spayne, and to t)er>wade him
to sonde those thousande men which young Comngnis sayd to be expedient to passe nuir
the mountaines, lying betwene them and the golden regions towarde the South. Vaschus
hymselfe dy<l greatly aflect this embassage : but neithcir would the residue of his felowei
electe him thereto, nor his factionaries suflcr him to departe, aswcll (cr that therby ihev
thought they should be left desolate as also that they murmured, that if Vaschus should once
go from them, he wouldc nener rcfurne to suche ttimioyles and calamities, by the exatiiplc
of Valdiuia and Zamudius, who had bin now absent since the monelh of lanuary, in so nuirli
that they thought they would neiicr come agayne: but the matter was otherwise then thcv
tooke it, as I will shew in this place, for thev were perished. At the length after mai v
scrutinies, they elected one lohn Quicedus, a graue man, well in yeeres, and trca.surer o( the
kings F.xchequer in those prouinces: tl.ey had conceiued a good opinion (if this Quii.edu>,
that all Ihinges siiould bee well broupht to passe by his meanes, aswcli lor his wisedome, ,h
also that they were in good hope of his returne, bcecause he hadde brought his wife with him
to those regions, whom hee left with his fellows for a pledge of his comming againe. When
they had thus elected (iuiccdus, they were againe of diners opinios whom they might iovnc
with him for assistance, aflTinning that it were a daun^erous thing to committe so weightic a

matter

,A( i'fe

'tf\i:^ >,«

The secdnd Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

257

matter to one mans handfl, not that they mistrusted Quicedus but because the lire of maii is
fraile, & the change of the ayre perillous, especially to them, hauing now of long time bin
accustomed to the temperature neere vnto the Equinoctial, if they should be compelled to
returnc to the North, with alteration of ayre and diet. They thought it therforc good to
appoynt a companion to Quicedus, that if by chance the one should failc, the other might
remain, & that if they both escaped, the king should giue the better credite to the relatid ot
both. After long cosiiltation therfore, they chose Kodcricus Colminaris, a man of good
cxperiece, of whom wc haue oftentimes made mention, for from his youth he had trauailed
ouer all Europe by lande & by sea, & was present at the doings of al things in Italy against
the Frechmen, of whose return also, they had no small hope, because he had many farmer,
and had tilled and sowne much grounde in Dariena, by the increase wherof, he might get
much gold by selling the same to his felowes. lie left therforc the charge of al his affayres
in Dariena with his partner AlphonsusNunnez, a iudge of the Inwe, who also was like to
haue ben chosen procuratoiir of this voyage before Colinenaris if one had not put the in
rcmcmbrace that he had a wife at Matritis, fearing lest bring oiiercome with her teares, he
would no more returne. Colmenaris therefore, a freeman &. at libcrtie, being associate as-
sistant with Quicedus, they tooke shipping together in a Bri<<andinc, the fourth daye of the
Calendes of Noutmber in the yeare of Christ. 1512. In this voy.age, being tossed with
sundry tempestes, they were by the violence of the windc cast vp on the West coastes of
that large Iland, which in the first Decade we call Cuba supposed to haue ben firme
land. They were sore oppressed with hunger, for it was now three moncthes since they de-
parted from their fcllowes: by reason whereof, they were enforced to take land, to
prooue what ayde they could get among the inhabitantes. Their chaunrc therefore was
to arriue in that part of the Hand, where Valdiuia was driiien aland by tempest. But
oh you wretched men of Dariena, tary for Valdiuia, whom you sent to prouide to helpe
your necessities, prouide for your selues rather, and trust not to them whose fortune
yce know not. For when he arriued in Cuba the inhabitantes slue him with his felowes, and
left the Caraucl wherein they were caryed, torne in peeces, and halfe couered with sand on
the shore, where Quicedus and Colmenaris flnding the fragmentes thereof, bewayled their
felowes misfcTlune: but they found none of their carcasses, supposing that they were either
drowned, or deuoured of the Canibals, which oftentimes make incursion into the Iland to
hunt for men. Hut at the length, by two of the Hand men which they had taken, they had
knowledge of Valdiuia his destruction, and that the inhabitantes the more greedily attepted
the same, for that they had heard by the babbling of one of his felowes, that hec
had great picntie of jjolde: for they also take pleasure in the beautie of golde, which
they fourme artificially into sundry ouches. Thus our men stricken with pcnsiiienesse for
the cruell desiinie of their fcllowes, and in vaine seeking reuciig for their iniurics, deter-
mined to for sake that vnfortunate lande, departing from those couctous naked barbarians,
with more sorowc and necessiiic then they were in before. Or euer they had passed the
South side of Cuba, thcv fei into a thousande misfortunes, and had intelligence that Fogeda
arriued therabout, loading a miserable life, tossed and turmoilcd with tcm|)eslcs, and
vexed with a thousande perplexities: so that departing from thence almost alone, his
felowes being for the most part al consumed with maladies and famine he came with
much difficultie to Ilispaniola, where he died by force of the pois<m of his venemous
wounde which he had rereiued in Vraba as we haue saide before. But Aiuixus elected
Lieutenant, sailed by al those co.istcs with much better fortune: for as he him selfe
tolde me, he founde prosperous windes in those parties, and was wel entertcined of
thinhabiiantes of Cuba, but thi.s specially in the dominion of a certaine king wiiose
name was Coinmendator : forwheras he desired of the Christian men whiche passed by,
to be baptised, demaunding the name of the goiicrnour of the Iland next vnto Hi<jp:i-
niola, being a noble man, and a knight of the order of Calatraua, of whiche onler, :il an-
called Commendatores this kings desire was to be named after him. King Comnu'iidatcr
ihc-refure friendly receiued Ancisus, & gaue him great abundance of al thinges nccessarie. Kui

uh;it

A wife U a
hiiiileiancc.

The deJli, nf
V^ililiuM,

Hurt of Liuikii*
ntssv of ihe
tongue.

Til? c:.!im*iiics
an.l death of

Mali^iiei ..rd
lan.ii'.e.

The pr-^st*!.!.:.
voiji^r ..t .Ar-

A 1. 1,1! .it
i'uh.1 i>j,'ti«t:d
I * llii' iijine ol'
Coil. 'I'm Jiti.r

r' i4^

n I;

> I

■ ' ' V

r; I

» f

fii^^i ttff

'Si*

* ■

'I
1

' ' .

11'

n I

K <^

I '' <

^:'

838

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The second Decade.

A mjtueilouj
historic huwo
C»od wrought
miriclcs by tlie
'imple faith ol"
3 Mariner.

Be not rash i
iudgemeiit.

luitldv.t l<< if.e
pirnirt* of the
vtrj^in Mine.

One ^uperm-
tioLis lehtlion
turnrd it)to
another, holdeth
till many
thiiigei of the
fvrst.

/.cale without
knowIft^fLP is
tieuer godly.

Marke this
hhndncs.

This ignorance
is to bee Ij-
mcnttd.

The dtu;l dii-
srmVleth to
krepe Ji'S in
MindRcft still.

A ;ir|.,Mf lie
of A papillKilI
iselel'r.e.

what Ancisus learned of their religion during the time of his rcinayning there, I haue thought
good to aduertise your holinesse. You shal therfore vndcratande, that certaine of our men
sailing by the coastes of Cuba, left with king Commendator a certaine poore Mariner beini;
diseased, who in short space recouering his health, and hauing now somewhat learned their
langua<re, began to growe into great estimation with the king and his subiectes, insomuchc
that he was oftentimes the kinges Lieuetenant in his warres against other princes his bor-
derers. This mans fortune was so good, that al thingcs prospered well that he toolce jn
hande : and albeit that he were not learned, yet was he a vertuous and well meaning man,
according to his knowledge, and did religiouslie honour the blessed virgin, bearing euer
about with him her picture faire painted vpon paper, and sowed in his apparel neere vnto
his breast, signifying vnto the king, that this holines was the cause of al his victories : per-
swading him to doe the like, and to cast away all his Zeme.s, which were none other then the
similitudes of euill spirits most cruel enimies and deuourers of our soules, and to lake vnto
him the holy virgin and mother of God to be his patrones.se, if he desired all his affaires
aswcl in warre as in peace to succeedc prosperously : also that the blessed virgin woulde at
no time faile him, but be euer readie to helpc him and his, if they woulde with deuout
h.irtcs call vppon her name. The mariner had soone perswaded the naked nation, and
thcreuppon gaue the king (who demanded the same) his picture of the virgin, to whom he
biiildcd and dedicated a chapcll and an alter, euer after contemning and reiecting his Zeme<!,
Of these Zemes made of Gossampine cotton, to the similitudes of spiritcs walking in the
night, which they oficntimcs see, and speake with them familycrly, we haue spoken siifTi-
ciently in the ninth chapter of the first Decade. Furthermore, according to the institution
of this mariner, when the sunne draweth towarde the fall, this king Comincndator with al his
familic, both men and women, resort dailie to the saide chapell of the virgin Marie, where
kneeling on their knees, and rcuercntly bowing downe their headcs, holding their haiules
ioined together, they salute the image of the virgin with these woortlcs, Aue Marie Aue
Marie, for fewe of them can rehearse any more wordcs of this praier. At Ancisus his being
there, they tooke him and his felowes by the handrs, and Icdde them to this chapell with
rcioicing, saying that they woulde siiewe them marueilous tiling. When they were en
tred, they pointed with their lingers to the Image of the virgin, fl 'i
with ouches and ieweis, and many earthen poites filled some w
with water, rounde about all the tabernacle : for these thinges tii(
steedc of sacrifice, according to their olde superstition townrde

matindcd why they did thus, they answered. Lest the image should lacke meate, if perh»|)s i(
should be ahungred : for they most certainly bcleeue that images may hunger, and that thrv
do catc & drinke. But what aide and help they confesse that they haue had of the godly
power of this image, th;it is of the blessed virgin, it is a thing woorthy to bee hearde, and
most assuredly to bee taken for a triicth : for by the report of our men, there is such fcruent
godly lone & /cale in these simple men toward the holy virgin, that to them beeing in (laim-
ger of warre against their enemies, they doe in manner (if I may so terme it) compell her
to descend from heauen to hcipe them in their nccessitic.-i. For such is the gomlnesse of
God, that he hath left vnto men in maner a pryce whereby we might purchase him with hi«
holy angels and .saints that is to wiiie, burning loue, charitie, and zeale. Howe therefore r.in
the blessed virgin at any time be alwept from the which call for her helpe with pure faith .nnd
feruent loue; Commendator himselfV, with all his noble men and gentlemen, do testifie with
one vnyce, that in a fought batlaylein the which this maryner was capilaine, bearing with him
this picture of the virgin Marie, the Zemes of their enemies turned their backe, and tremhlcl
in the presence of the virgins image, & in the sight of them all: for euery of them briii,'
their Zcnies to the battayle, hoping by their helpe to obtcine the victorie. Yea they say
further that during the time of the ballaile, they saw not only an Image, but a liuely women
clothed in fayre and white apparell, ayding them against their enemies; which thing also ihc
enemies ihemtelues acknowledged, conlessing that on the conirary part, she appeared to
them shaking a scepter in her hande with threatening countenance, which caused their liarles

It)

<■ set and hanged ahoiit

.y meats, and some

">• o the image in the

oir Zemes. Being de-

'ii t

*v;

.^4rJi«i"»

27itf second Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

239

to shake and faint for fearc : but after that this inaryner departed from them, being taken
into a shyppe of certayne Christians passing by these coastes, Commendator declared that he
with all his subiectes, continually obserued his institutions : insomuch that being at conten-
tion with another prince, whiche of their Zemes were most holy and of greatest power, the

his enemies. Being demaunded with what woordes they cryed vpon the virgin Mary when
they assailed their enemies, they answered that they had learned no othrr words of the
Maryners doctrine but Snncta Maria adiuua nos. Snncta Maria adiiuia nos. That is, holy
Mane heipe vs, holy Marie heipe vs, and this also in the Spanishe tongue : for he had
left these words in the mouthcs of all men. While they murthered and destroyed themsclues
thus on both sides, they fell to entreatie of peace, and agreed to trye the matter, not handr
to hande by combalte of certayne chosen for both parties, as the manner was among the
Romanes and diuers other nations in the olde time, or by any sleight or policy but that two
young men should be chosen, for cnch partic one, with their handes boundc fast behinde
them in the plainc fielde, both parties beeing sworne to acknowledge that Zemes to be the
better, which Krst loosed the bandes of the yong man wh- he stoode bounde for the triall of
his religion. Thus diuiding themselues, and placing the sayd young men before them in
the sight of them .ill, with their handes fast bounde by their enemies, the contrary parte
called first on their Zemes (that is the deuill, to whose similitude their Images are made) Thrdcuiii
who immedi.itely appeared in his likcncsse about the young manne that stoode bounde in the •'pp'"«<i> i" '">
defence of Sathans kingdnmc. But as soone as Commendator with his companie cryed Sancta wh»"hkciits.
Maria adiuua nos, Sancta Maria adiuua nos, forthwith there appeared a fayre virgin clothed
in white, at whose presence the deuill vanquished immediatly. But the virgin hatting a long a mingt mi-
rod in hrr hand, and putt'ng the same on the bandes of the yong man that stood for Com- "jdi,"j"°'"
Diendator, his handes were loosed immt 'iatly in the sight of them all, and his bandes found
about the handes of him that stood for the other party, insomuch that they themselues founde Another my-
him double bounde. But for all this, were not the enemies satisfied, quarrelling that this "''''
thing was done by some sle'ight or deuisc of man, & not by the power of the better Zemes.
And thereupon required, for the auoyding of all suspection, that there might bee eight wise men.
graue and sage men appoynted, foreche side foure, which should binde the men in the sight
of them all, and also giue iudgement whether the thing were done without craft or guile.
Oh pure simplicitie and constant fayth : oh golden and blessed confidence. Commendator
& his familiars doubted not to graunt their enemies their request, with like fayth wi;crwith M.nh ii„L
the dise.ised woman obtcynelh health of the fluxe of her blotid, and wherby I'etcr feared not ' i"s ^^ jnoth.'
to waike on the sea at the sight of his maister Christ. These young men therfore were """'"
boundc in the presence of these eight grauc men, and were placed within their listes in the
sight of both parties. Thtis vpon a signe giucn, when they called vpon their Zemes, there The d.miuii.
appeared in the sight of them all, a deuill with a long tailc, a wide mouth, great teeth, and ^""^ "«""'■
homes, resembling the similitude of the image whiche the king being enemie to Commen-
dator honored for his Zemes. As the deuill atlemptc:! »o loose the baiidsof his client, the
blessed virgin was immediatly present as before at the cal of Commend.itor & his subiects, Thevir-,!
& with her ro<l loosed the bandes of her suppliant, whiche were agayne likewise founde fast owL7,!"r!!m
tyed about the handes of him that stoode for the contrary part. The enemies therfore of"""""""'"
Commendator, being stricken with great feare, and ama/.cd by reason of this great miracle, '''"^'""'
confessed that the Zemes of the virgin was better thcr :!.eir Zemes : for the better proofe
whereof, these pagans being borderers to Ccmmcndator, which had eucr before bcene at
continual warre & enmitie with him, when they had knowledge that .\nciM;s was arrvujd in
those coastes, they sent Ambassadoures vnio him, to desire him to sende fhcm priestcs, of
whom they might be baptised: whcrupon heesent tiiem two which he had there with him at
that present. Titey baptised in one day an hundred and thirty of th- ihabitantes, some-
time enemies to Commendator, but now his friendcs, and ioyncd ' .1 •: n In aliance. All

such

hit

K*v I

'stiM

!'.»

V" '•> 'U, ■

f,!.

;?; ■ a

'Jif

i I

I •

.a.<

'm;^;

!■ Ml

iM ;i

U I

^ H

i;ii'i

340

The priestei
rewardc.

Why name
you Capons i

Ancisui voyage
to Spaine.

Anciaus rom-
ptaynrth of
VaKhua.

M.irke to who
this fayn'd my-
lanilous storic
'vjs wjittrn.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Hie second Decade.

Tlie proojrj-
tatirs cf Djricna
jrr tioiioiirably
rccttucd at the
court.

such as came to bee baptised, gaue the priestes of their owne liberalitie, ey ther a cocke or a
henne, but no capons, for they cannot yet skil howe to carue their cocke chickens to make
them capons. Also certaine salted fishes, and newe fine cakes made of their bread : likewise
certayne foules franked and made fatte. When the priestes resorted to the shyppes, sixe of
these newe baptised men accompanied them laden with victuallM, wherwith they ledde a
ioyfuU Easter : for on the Sunday, two dayes before saint Lazarus day, they departed f^n,
Dariena, and touched at that tyme onely the cape or angle of Cuba., neere vnto the East side
of HLspaniola. At the request of Commendator, Ancisus left with him one of his companic,
to the intent to teach him and his subiectes, with other his borderers, the salutation of the
angell, whiche we call the Aue Marie : for they thinke themselues to be so much the more
beloued of the blessed virgin, as they can rehearse the more woordes of that prayer. Thus
Ancisus taking his leaue of king Commendator, directed his course to Hispaniola, from
whiche he was not farre. Shortly after, he tooke his voyage to Spayne, and came to Vallj.
doleto to the king, to whom he made grieuous complaynt of the insolencie of Vaschus Nun-
nez, insomuch that by his procurement the king gaue sentence agaynst him. Thus muchc
haue I thought good (most holy father) whereof to aduertise your holynesse, as concerning
the religion of these nations, not onely a.4 I haue bin enstructed of Ancisus ( with whom I
was dayly conuersant in the Court, and vsed him familiarly) but also as I was enfourmed of
diuers other men of great authoritie, to the intent that your excellencie may vnderstandc
howe docible this kinde of men are, and with what facilitie they may be allured to embrace
our religion : but this cannot be done sodenly, yet we haue great cause to hope that in short
time they wil be al drawne by little and little, to the Euangelicall law of Christ to the great
encrease of his flocke. But let vs now returne to the messengers or procuratours as cur.'
cerning the affaires of Dariena.

The seuenth Chapter of the seconde Decade, of the supposed continent.

FRom Dariena to Hispaniola, is eight dayes sailing, & somtimes Ic&se with a prosperous
wind : yet Quicedus and Colminaris the procuratours of Dariena, by reason of teropestes &
contrary windcs, could scarcely .sayle it in a hundred dayes. When they had taried a fewe
dayes in Hispaniola, & h.nd declared the cause of the comming to the Admirall and the other
gouernours, they tooke shiping in two marchant shijw, being ready furnished, which were
also accustomed to sayle to and fro betweene Spayne and the Hand of Hispaniola. They de-
parted from Dariena (as we said before) the fourth day of the Calends of Noueber, in the
yeere of Christ 1.512. & came not to the court beefore the Calcndes of May in the yecro
following being the yeere of Christ. l.'ilS. At thcir'comming to the court, lohannes Fon-
seta (to whom at the beginning the charge of these afiaires was committed, whonie also ft^r
his faithfull seruicc towarde the king, your holinessc created general Commissarie in the
warrcs against the >fo()res) rcceiurd them honourably, as men comming from the ncwo
worldc, from n.iked nations, and l.indcs vnknowiic to other men. By the preferment there-
fore of the Bishop of Burgcs, Quicedus and Colmcnaris were brought bef»)rc the kin;f, anj
declared their legarie in his prrsmce. Siichc ncwes and prescntcs as they brought, were do.
lectable to the king and his noble men, for the newnessc and sfrangfncsse thereof. 'I'hcv n!!
soiourned with me oficnlimes. Tlicir conntcnaunccs do dec lare the intemperatnessc of flic
aire and region of Dariena, for thrv arc yelowc, like vnto ihcin that haue the yelowc i;iii:;-
dies, and also swoinc : but they ascribe the cause hereof, to the hunger whiche they sust iiuil
in times pa-t. I haue ben aducrtiscd of the affaires of this newe worlde, not onlv l)v theM-
procuratours of Darien.n, and Ancisus, and Zamudius, but also by conference with Haciii
the lawyer, who ran oucr a great part of those coastes: likewise by relation of Vinceniiii,
Anncz, the patrone of the ships, and Alphonsus Nignus, both being men of great expe-
rience, and wcl trau.iiled in those parties, besides many other, of whom we haue made men-
tion in other plarr-i, for there came neuer any from thence to the court, but tooke greit
pleasure to certific me of all thinges, either by word of mouth or by writing. Of main
ihinges thrrefjrr whiche I learned of them, I haue gathered such as to my iudgment seeme

mo.-i

Tlie second Decade.

TJIAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

most worthy to satisfie them that take delight in histories. But let vs now declare what fo-
lowed after the cointning of the procuratours of Dariena. Therfore, before their arriual,
there was a rumor spred in the court, that the cheefe gouernours and Lieuetenantes Nicuesa
and Fogeda, also lohannes de la Cossa (a man of much reputation that by the kinges letters
patentes hee was named the great maister of the kinges shippes) were al perished by mis-Thtgre«
chaunce : and that those fewe whiche vet remained aliue in Dariena, were at contention and kirsVshfp.l'"
discorde among them seluei, so that they neither endeuoured their diligence to allure those
simple nations to our faith, nor yet had regarde to searche the natures of those regions. In
consideration whereof, the king was determined to send a newe captayne thither, which
uhouid restore and set all thinges in good order, and put them out of authority whiche had
vsurped the Empire of those prouinces without the kinges speciall commaundement. To
this office, was one Petrus Arias assigned, a man of great prowesse, and a citizen of Segouia, Petrus Arias u
but when the procuratours of Dariena had published in the courte howe great a matter it ^ut'of i)a"u,a.
was, and of wliat moment many laboured earnestly to the king, to take the office out of his
handes : but the Bishop of Burges, being the kings chiefe chaplayne, and one of the com-
missioners appoynted by him in these matters, being aduerti^ed hereof, came immediately
to the king and spake to him in this effect : May it please your hyghnesse to vnderstande T'''y"'i'_'j°"^f'
(most catholiquc prime ) that whereas Petrus Arias, a man of valiant courage and great ser Bursc'sV"' "he
nice, hath olTered himselfe to aduentiire his life in your maiesties aflaires, vnder vncertayne '^'■^'""■^^ ^''
liope of gaine, and most certayne perils, yet that notwithstanding, some other haue ambi-
tiously maliccd his felicitie and preferment, labouring for the office wherto he is elected. I
may please your grace Herein, so to shew him your fauour, and permit him to enioy his say'e
office, as your maiestie doe knowe him to bee a woorthy and mcete man for the same, hauing
in fyme pait had great experience of his prowesse and vaiyantncsse, aswell in behauing him-
selfe, as ordering his souldiers, as your highnesse may the better consider, if it shall please
you to call to remembraunce his di)oing>s in the warres of Aphryca, where he shewed him-ThewarrMof
Kclfe both a wise captaine, and a valiant souldier. As concerning his manners and vsages '^"^"'
otherwayes, tliey are not vnknowne to your maiestie, vnder whose wing he hath of a childe
beene brought vp in the Court, and euer founde faithfuU towarde your highnesse. Where-
fore, to declare my opinion, vnder your graces fauour (whom it hath pleased to appoynt me
a Commissioner in these affaires) 1 thiiike it were vngodly that he shoulde be put from his
office at the suite of any other, especially being thereto mooued by ambition and couetous-
iiesse, who perchaunce would prone themsclues to be the same men in the office, if they
»Ik)uI(I obteinc it, as they now shew themselues in the ambitious desiring of the same. When *

the Hisho|» had saydc these wordcs, the king confirmed the election of Petrus Aria*, in more
ample manner then before, willing the bishop to appoint him a thousandc and two hundred
souldiers at his charges, 'making him a warrant to the officers of his Exchequer, to dcliucr
him monev in prest for the same purpose. Petrus Arias therfore beeing thus put iii office,
and authorised by the kinges lettei-s patentes vnder his broadc scale, chose a great number
of his souldiers in the court, and so departed from Valladoleto. about the Calends of October,
in the veere 141^. and sayled (irst to Ciuile becing a very rich citie, and well replenished
with peoj)le, where by the kings magistrates, hee was furnished with menne and vyctualles,
and other necessaries pcrteyning to so great a matter: for the king hath in this citii? erected a h-Mnt h ri.
a house, seruing onely for tl»e affaires of the Ocean, to the which all they that goe or come '"i« ^iTjiyiitcd ^
from the newe landes and liandes, resortc to glue accomptes, aswell what tlicy cary thither, ImJIi!' '""''
as wiiat they bring from thence that the king may bee truely answered of his custonic of the
flit part, both of goldo and other thinges, as we haue sayde becfore. This house they call Pemiavj.
the house of the Ccmtractes of India. Pelnis Arias found in Ciuile aboue two thousand yong
men which made great suite to' goe with him, likewise no small number of couetous old
men, dl" the which, many offered themsehics to goe with him of their owne charges without
the kings siipende. But least the ships should be pestered with too great a multitude or
least viciiiallcs shoulde fayle tiiem, the lihcrtie of free pxssage was restraint. It was also de-
creed that no straungcr might pairsc without the Kinges licence. Wherefore I doe not a liitle
VOL. V. I i maruayle

Hi;' ' m

JLij (.1 'I

:|1 ft^i

iir'''

,K. i I !

' I -i i

IV.' ■•

I' . 1

4:r

^fif

Iff

•I

'i; I ' •■

■.|l

'.» i

I* (>

848

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

'Jlie second Decade,

Thf Portugilei
iDuemiuns.

Thf nauigjtion
of Petrui
Arias.

futiut.

maruaylc at Aloisius Cadamiistus a Venetian, and writer of the Portugalcs voyages, that hee
was not ashamed to wryte thus of the Spanyardcs nauigations : wee went, wee sawe, wec
did : whereas he neiicr went, nor any Venetian sawe, but he stole certaine annotations nut
of the three first chapters of my first Decade written to Cardinal Ascanius & ArcimboMn;,^
supposing that I would ncuer haue published the same. It might also happen that hee came
by the copie thereof at the hand of some ambassador of Venice, for 1 haue grauntcd the
copic to many of them, & was not daungerous to forbid them to communicate the same to
other. Howe so cucr it bee, this honest man Aloisius Cadamustus feared not to chalcnge
vnto him the fruit of another mans labour. Of the inuentions of the Portugalcs (whiche
surely are woondcrfull) whether he haue written that which he hath scene (as he saiih) or
likewise bcreaucd other men of the iust commendations of their trauayles, I will not iudge,
but am content to let him line after his manner. Among the company of these souldicr*,
there were none embarked but such as were liccced by the king, except a few Italians, Gc-
nucs, who by fricndshyp an«l suite were admitted for the Admirals sake young Colonus, sonnc
and hcyre to Christophorus Colonus, the first finder of those landcs. Pelrus Arias iherelore
tookc shipping in the ryucr Betis (now called Guadalqucuir) running by the citie of Ciuile,
about the beginning of the yccre of Christ 1514. But he loosed anker in an cuill hnurc, for
A«hyrwr«c)if. such a tcmpcst followed shortly after his departure, that it ret in peeces two of his ships, ami
so tossed the other, that they were enforced to heaue oucrboorde part of their victuallcs Id
lighten them. All suche as escaped, sayled backe againe to the coastes of Spayne, where,
being newly furnished and refreshed by the kinges ofTicers, they went forward on their voy-
age. The maistcr Pylotte of the gouernours shippc, was lohannes Vesputius a Florentine,
AmnicusVts- the ucuicw of Amcricus Vcsputius, who left him as it were by discent of inheritance, tiip
experience of the mariners facultie and knowledge of the sea, carde and compasse. But wrc
were aduertised of late by certayne whiche came from Ilispaniola, that they had pa>*si(l the
Ocean with more prosperous wind : for this marchant shyppe comming from llispaniol.i,
foundc them landing at certayne Hands ncerc therabout. But in the nirane time, while mv
importunate callers on, Galeaceus Butrigariiis, and lohannes Ciirsius, men sludious \)\ nl
meanes to gratifie your hoivnesse, ceased not to put me in remembrance that they hnd one in
a readines to depart into Italy, & taricd only to cary with him vnto your holines ihe.-<c, ni\ fairp
Nereides, although rudely decked least I should bestow much time in vayne, I haue let |)a^«c
many things, & wil rehearse only such assecme in my iudgcment most wortliv niemorv, nl-
though somwhat disurdered, as occasio hath serued. So it is therefore, thai this Petrus Arii<
hath a wife named Ilelisabetha Boadilla, being niece by the brother side to the inar(|ue« if
Boadilla, whiche rendred the citie of Segouia lo Fernando and Ilelisabeih Princes of Spavnc,
at such time as the Portugalcs inuaded the kingdomeof Castile, by reason wherof ihev ucn-
cnccuirnged first to resist, and then with open warro lo assnyle and rxpulse the I'ortuuaiei. li r
the g/caf treasure whiche King Henry brother to Quccne Fli/abrth hadde geathcred tomthc-
thcre. This marquesse, while she lined, did euer shewe a manly and stout mvnde, hoih ii
jjcacc and warre, so that by her counsavle, many ni'ble things were brought to good cllrc t ia
ra>tile : vnto this no!>Ic woman the wife of Petrus Arias was niece bv hi-r brother side. She,
foli(nving the magnanimitic of her aunt, pcrceiuing her liU'<l)ando nowc furnishing hiin'clli'
t" ileparte to the viiknownc coastes of the ncwc worlile, and lho«e large trades of lando ami
sen, spake these wordes vnto him : My mo-it deare and wciheloued hu>I)ande, >\e ought not now
to firaet that from our young yecrcs we haiu' becne ioMied together uilh the \oke of IkI,-
malriinonie, t" tiie intent that wc slioulde so line t'lzeiher, and not a sunder, during the time
of (.ur iKiluraillire : wherefore for my parte, lo declare nivallerfion herein, vou shall \ii-
(ierstande, that whither soeuer your fatal! desiinie shall driuc \ou, eyflu-r b\ the lur'ous wniic
of the great Ocean, or by the manifolde and horrihie daungers of the iande, I wil surclv
beare vou rompanie : there caiuie no perill chauiice to me so terrible, nor anv kinde of death
Ko cruell, that shall not be much easier for mee to .'djide, then lo line <(> farre se|)arate rmm
vou. It were nuirh t)etfer for inec to die, and eytiier to be ca^t info the sea, lo be deuoiir,,!
iif flic fishes, or on the land to the Canibaics, then with continual mourning and bcuayiini:,

t»

A notjhle cT-
^myh of a v.i-

TTif wlft cf I'f

Tke second Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

S43

to liue in death, and dye lining, while I consume in looking rather for my husbandca letters,
then for himselfe. This is my full determination, not rashly, nor presently excogitate, nor
conceiued by the light phantasie of womans brayne, but with long deliberation and good ad-
uisement. Nowe therefore choose to whether of these two you will assent, eyther to thruste
your sworde in my throate, or to graunt me my request. As for the children which God
hathgiuen vs as pledges of our inseparable loue (for they had foure sonnes, and as many
daughters) shall not stay me a moment: let vs leaue vnto them such goodes and possessions
as we haue beene left vs by our parcntes and friends whereby they may liue among the
worshipfull of their order : for other thinges I take no care. When this noble mattone of
manly vertue had finished these woordes, her husbande seeing the constant mynde of his
wife, and her in a readinessc to do according to her wordes, had no heart to denye htr louing
petition, but embracing her in his armes, commended her intent, and consented to her re-
tjuest. She followed him therefore, as did Ipsicratea her Mithridates, with her hayre hang-
ing loose about he- shoulders : for she loued her husbande, as did Halicarnassea of Caria hers,
being dead, as did Artemisia her Mausolus. Wee haue also had aduertisment since their de-
parture, that she (being brought vp as it were among soft fcthers) hath with no les stout
)urage susteincd the roarings and rages of the Ocean, then did eyther her husband, or any
of the maryners brought vp eucn among the sourgcs of the sea. But to haue sayde thus
much hereof, this shall suffice : let vs nowe speake of other thinges no Icssc worthie memorie.
Therefore, whcras in the first decade we haue made mention of Vincentius Annez Pinzonus,
ye shal vnderstand that hee accompanied Christophorus Colonus the Admirall in his first voy-
asfc, and afterwarde made an other voyage of his owne charges with oneiy one ship. Againe,
the (irsf yecre after ti»c departing of the Captaynes Nicuesa and Fogeda, he ran oner those
coastes from Hispaniola, and searched the South side of Cuba, from the East to the West, and
snyled rouiidc about that Hand, which to that day, for the great length thereof, was thought
to haue bin part of the continent or firme landc, although some other say that they did the
like. Vincentius Annez, thcrforc, knowing now by experience that Cuba was an Hand, sailed
on further and foundc other lands Westwarde from Cuba, but such as the Admirall had first
touched. Wherfore, being in nianer encompassed with this newe lande, turning his course
iDwarde the left hande, and rasing the coastes of that lande by the East, ouerpassing also the
jnoiitlii'-i of the gnlfes of Beragua Vraba, and Cuchibachoa, he arryued at the region whiche
in the first Decade wee called Paria and Os Draconis, and enfrcd into the great gulfe of freshe
water, which Colonus discoiiercd, bceing replenished with great abundance of fishe, and
lamous by rea^in of I'le multitude of Ilandes lying in the same, beeing distaunt Eastwarde
Iroin Curiana about an hundred and thirtie myles, in the which tract are the regions of Cu-
niana and Manacapaua, whiche also in the sixt chapter of the first Decade we said to be re-
gions of the large prouince of Paria, where many allirme to be the greatest plentie of the Pin.iitof
best pearles, and not in Curiana. The kinges of these regions (whom they call Chiacones, ^'"^"^
as they of Hispaniola call them Cacici) being certified of the comming of our men, sent
ccrtayne spies to enquire what newe nation was arriucd in their coastes, what they brought,
and what tliey would haue, and in the meanc time furnished a number of their Canoas (whiche
they call ("hirhos) with men armed after their manner: for they were net a litlc astonyshed
to heliolde our shippet with the sayles sprcade, ^vhcreas they vse no sayles, nor can vsc but
n.iall ones if they woulde, by reason of the narrownesse of their Canoas. Swarming there-
lore about the shyp|)e witii their Canoas (whiche we may well call Monoxyla, because they
are made of one whole free) they feared not to shoote at our men, being yet within their
sliyppes, and keepini,' themselues vnder the hatches, as safely as if they had Ijecne defended
with stone walles. lint when our men had shotte of certayne pccces of ordinance agaynst
tliem, they were so disiomfited with the nnyse and slaughter thereof, that they droue them- The vjpoi
•iolucs tci ilight. r»eing thus disparcled, our men chased them with the ship boate, tooke ^"''""'
many, <!v: slue manv. When the kinges heard the noyse of the gunncN, and were certified
"f the losse of their men, they sent ambassadours to Vincentius Agnes to entreatc of peace,
fearing the spoyle of their goodcii,. and destruction of tlieir people, if our men should come

I i 2 alande

!■ H

tl.'

"'■f!' :

k'.i'f.

■*ili if

'ih i

844

VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS,

T!ie second Decade.

I i

r'l

J-

"li^

'.!

' 1 V]

I;' h

lli

I I

!i^ I

(iitat iliunil-
jiiicc of gol4 and
friiikcncenie.
OlibanuiD'

Sabci ii 8 cou-
trry in Arabin
which hringeth
forth Franken-

CCIUC,

Rulm fof one
yttn.

The grtnt gulft
of taru.

alande in their wrath and furie. They desired peace therefore M coulde bee coniectured by
their signes and poyntinges: for our men vndcrstoofle not one word of their language. Ami
for the better proofe that they desired peace, they presetcd our men with three thousande of
those wcightcs of golde that the Spanyardes call Cfastellnnum Aurcuin, whiche they commonly
call Pesiim. Also a great barrel of wood ful of most excellent masculine Frankenccnse,
weighing about two thousandc and sixe hundred ponndcs weight, alter eight ounces to the
pounde : whereby they knewe that that lande brought foorth great plentic of Frankenccnse,
for there is no entercoursc of marchandyes betwcenc the inhabitauiites of Paria and the Sa-
beans, beeing so farre distant, whereas also they of Paria knewe nothing without their owiic
coastes. With the golde and Frankencense whiche they prcseted to our men, they gaii(«
them also a great multitude of their peacockes, both cockes and hennes, dead ami nlinp,
aswell to satisfie their present nccessitic, as also to cary with them into Spayne for encrcasc,
likewise certaine carpettcs, couerlettes, table clothes, and hanginges, made of Gossampine
silke, finely wrought after a strange deuice, with pleasant and variable colours, hauing gdldeti
belles, and such other spangles and pendnuntes, as the Italians call Sonnglios, and the Span-
yardes Cascaueles, hanging at the purfles thereof. They gaue them furthermore spcakinij
popyngaycs of sundry colours, as many as they woulde askc : for in Paria there is no lesse
plentic of popingaycs, then with vs of doues or s|)arow«. The inhabitats of these region*,
both men & women, are apparelled with vestures made of gossampine cotton, the men to
the knees, and the women to the calfe of the legge. The fashion of thrirapparcll is simple
& playne, much like vnto the Turkes: but the mens is double, and cpiiltcd, like that wiiidi
the Turkes vse in the warres. The princes of Paria are rulers but for one yeerc : but their
anthoritie is no lesse among the people both in peace and warre, then is (he authoriticol
other kings in those regions. Their villages arc buildod in compasse, along by the bankr<
of al that great gulfc. Fyue of their princes came to our menne with their presenter, whose
names I thought worthy to bee put in this historic, in rcmemhranre of so notable a thin;',
Chiaconus Chiauaccha (that is, the prince of Chiauaccha, for they cal princes or kings ("hin-
conus) Chiaconus Pintiguanns, Chiaconus Chamailaba, Chiaconus Polomus, and CliiacnniK
Potto. The gulfe being first found of the Admirall Colonns they cal Baia Natiuitatis, bcransp
he cntred into the same in the day of the natiuitie of Christ, but at that time he only pa^sd
by if without any further searching, and Baia in the Spanishe tong, signifieth a gulfe. When
Vincentius had thus made a league uith these princes, following his appoynted course, hcc
fi unde many regions towarde the East, desolate by reason of diucrse iiouds and ouerllowinc-i
of waters : also many standing pooles in diners places, and those of exceeding largneisc,
lie ceased not to followe this tract, vntill he came to the poynt or cape of that m(i>t
long land. This poynt seemeth as though it would innade the mount Atlas in .Apiirica : for
it jimspctfcth towarde that part of Aphrike, which the Portugales call (-"aput bona; Spc-
rantia?. The poyntes or capes of tht r.iount Adas are rough & .sauage, iiecre vnto the
sea. The cape of Bona Speranza, gathcrefh tliirtie and fotire degrees of the Soiithc pnlc,
called the pole Antartike, but that poynt onely seuen degrees. 1 suppose this l.inde to be
that whiche I findc in olde writers of Cosinographic to bee railed the great Ilandc Atlantike,
without any further declaring eyther of the situation, or of the nature tliereof.

The eight Chapter of the sccondc Decade, of the supposed continent.

WHen lohn the king of Portugalc lined, which was predeccssour to him that nowe raigneih,
Contfntion hr- there arosc a great contention betweene the Castilians and the Portugales, as conccrnin!; the
u\ma!c I'.itu- oominion ol these newc found lands, fhe Portugales, beecause they were the first tliat diii>t
g.i.! lor t'lr attempt to «earch the Ocean sea since the mcmorie of man afbrmed th.it al the nauiu'atinn-i
of ttic Ocean, ouijht to jjcrteine to them onely. The Castilians argued on fhe contrary part
that whatsoeiier God by the ministration of nature h.ith created on the earth, was at the he-
ginning common among men, & that it is therefore lawful to euery man to possesse such
landes as are vo\(l of Christian inhabitours. While the matter was thus vncertainly debited,
both parties agreed that the cOfroucrsie shuld be decided by the bysshop of Home, ami

plighted

The prpjl i; .
AUitCtikc.

1. >f:^

Tlie iecond Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

110

pHghted Taith to stande to his arbitrement. The kingdome Castile was at that tyme goiierned
by that great queene Helisnbeth with her husband : for the Realme of Castile wan her dowrie.
She alio and the King of Portugale, were cosyn germanes of two sisters, by reason whereof,
the disscntion was more easily pncilicd. By the assent therefore of both parties, Alexander ThcbiAopof
the bishop of Rome, the 6. of that name, by the authority of his leaden bull, drewe a right ,'^™,'„'|;;"'''"'
line from the North to the South, an hundred leagues wcstwardc, without the paralels of those
Ilandes which are called Caput Viride, or Caboucrdc, within the compassc of this lyne (al-
though some dcnie it) falleth the poynt of this lande whereof wee hauc spoken, which they
call Caput Sancti Augustini, otherwise called Promontoriiini .Sancti Augustini, tha* is, saint
Augustines c.ipe or poynt: and therefore it is not lawfull for the Castilians to fasten foote in
the beginning af that land. Vincentius Annez therefore departed from thence, being ad-
uertisrd of the inhabitants, that on the other side of the hygh niountaynes towanle the South,
lying before his eyes, there was a region called Ciamba, whiche brought forlli great plentie The goUcn «-
of gold. Of ccrfaine captiucs whiche hec tookc in the gulfc of Paria (whiche ccrtayiiely ''°"°' ''""''"*
pcrtryneth to the dominion of Castile) he brought some with him to Hispnniola, and left
them with the young yVdmirall to learne our language : but he himselfc repayred to the court,
to make earnest suite to the king, that by hisTauour he might be gouernour of the Hand of The nmdeof
Sancti lohannis (otherwise called 13urichenn, being distant from Hispaniolaonely xxv. leagues) ' " ""'"
because he was the first finder of goldc in that Ilande. Before Vincentius made suite for this
office, one Don Christopher, a Portugale, the sonne of the countie of Camigna, was gouer-
nour of the Hand, whom the Cnnibnles of the other Hands slue, with all the Ch/istian men
that were in the same, except the Disshop and his familiars, whiche (led and shifted for them -
aelues, forsaking the church and all the ornamentes therof : for your holyncsse hath conse-
crated fuie bishops in these Hands, at the request of the most caiholique king. In Sancto Fiue Byihoriuf
Dominico the chicfc citic of Ilispaniola, Garsia de Padilla, a reguler Fryer of the order of {,'" "^^g J|,"p',j.
saint Frauncis, is bysxhop. In the townc of Conception, doctor Petrus Xuares of Deza, and Rome.
in the Ilande of .saint lohn or Burichena, Alphonsus Mansustlicenciate, being both obseruants
of the institution of saint Peter. The fourth u Fryer Barnarde of Mesa, a man of noble
parentage, borne in Toledo, a preacher, & liishop of the Ilande of Cuba. The (ift is lo-
iianncs Cubedus, a Fryer preacher, whom your holyne.'tse annoynted minister of Christe, to
teach the Christian faith among the inhabitantes of Dariena. The Canibales shall shortly
repent them, and the l>loudc of our men shall be reuengcd, and that the sooner, because
that shortly after they hadde committed this abhominable slaughter of our men, they came
agaiue from their ownc Handc of Sancta Crux (otherwise called Ay Ay) to the Ilande of The CamiuU or
Sancti lohannis, and slue a king whiche was a friende to our men, and eate him, and al his "'"="•""' ^''
familie, vtterly subuerting his village, vpon this occasion, that violating the law of hostage,
hec hadde slayne seuen Canibales whiche were left with him by composition to make certaync
Canoas, because the Hand of Sancti lohannis bearcth greater trees, and apter for that pur-
pose, then doth the Hand of Sancti Crux, the chiefe habitatio of the Canibales. These Ca-
nibales yet remaining in the Hand, certayne of our men sayling from Hispaniola, rhaunced
vpon them. The thing being vnderstoodc by the interpretoiirs, our men quarelling with
them, & calling them to arcompt for that mischeuous deede, they immediately directed their
bowes and vcnemous arrowes against them, and with cruell countenaunces threatned them to
be quiet, least it shouldc repent them of their comming thither. Our men fearing their ve-
nemous arrowes (for they were not prepared to fyght) gaue them signes of peace. Beeiiig
demaunded why they destroyed the village, and where the king was with his familie, they
answered, that they rased the village, and cut the king with his familie in pceces, and eate
them in the reuenne of their seuen workemen : and that they had made laggottes of their
bones, to cary them to the wiues and children of their slayne workemen, in witnesse that the
btxlics of their husbandes and purentes lay not vnreuengcd, and therewith shewed the lag-
gottes of bones to our men, who beeing astonished at their fiercencsse and crueltie, were
enforced to dissemble the matter, and holde their peace, quarrelling no further with them at
that time. These and suche other thinges doe dayly chaunce, the which I doc let p.-issc.

Icaitt

baitcti Crux.

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The fruitful-
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r.oif h 'Irnniie

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONft.

The second Decade

Fniitrs r'ltrififtl
on il.r K-i-

Br.i-l!.

least I should oflTend the caren of your holyncwc with such blonddic narraliona. Thus haiic
we sufficiently digrcsHcd from the regions of Bcragua and Vraba, being the chiefcst foun-
dations of our purpose. Wc will now therefore entrcate iomewhnt of the largenessc and
deapth of the ryuers of Vraba : also declare both what they and the lands which they ninnc
through do bring foorth : likewise of the greatnesse of the iande from the East to the Wcmt,
and of the breadth therof from the South to the North, and what their opinion and hope
is of things yet vnknowne in the same. We will therefore beginne at the newc names,
wherewith the Spanyardes hauc named these prouinces, since they were vnder the dominions
of the Christians.

The nienth Chapter of the second Decade, of the supposed continent.

nEragua therefore they called Castella Aurea, that is, golde Castile, & Vraba they named
Andalusia noua, that is, new Andalusia. And like as of many Ilads which they subdued, thry
chose Hispaniola for the chicfe place of their habitation : so in the large tract of Paria, they
appoynted their colonie or biding place in the two regions of Vraba and Boragua, that all
surhe as attempt any voyages in those coastes, may resort to them, as to safe portes to be
refreshed when they are wearie or driuen to necessitic. All our seedes and plants do now
marucilously encrease in Vraba, likewise blades, sets, slips, graftes, sugcr canes, and sucli
other as are brought from other places to those regions, as also beastes and foulcs, as wei-
haue sayd before: O marueilous fmitefulnesse. Twentie daycs after the seede is soweri,
they gathered rype cucumbers, and such like : but ('olwoorlcs, Iketes, Lcttuse, Borage, are
rype within the space of ten dayes. Gourdes, Melones, and Pompions within the spare of
xxviii. dayes. Dariena hath many natiue trees and fruites, of diuere kindes, with sundry tastes,
& holsome for the vse of men, of the which I haue thought it good to describe certain ol the
best. Tliey nouryshe a tree which they call Guaiana, that bcareth a fruite much resemblini^
the kinde of Citrones which are commonly called Limones, of tast somewhat sharpe, mvxi
with sweetnesse. They haue also abundance i)f nuts of pine trees, and great plentie ol
Date trees, which beare fruite* bigger then the Dates that are knowne to vs, but they arc not
apt to be eate for their too much sowrencssc. Wilde & barren Date trees grow of them-
sciues in sundry places, the branches wherof they vse to bccsomes, and eate also the bud<
of the same. Guarauana, hcciiig higher and bigger then the orange tree, briiigrth foorth
a great fruite as biggc as pome Citrons. There is anr)thcr tree much like to a chestnut tree,
wlinse fruite is like to the bigger sortc of (igs, being holsome and of pleasant taste. \famei.'>,
is another tree that bringeth forth fruite as bigge as an orange, in taste nothing inferior to
the best kindes of Melones. Guananala, bearelii a fruite lesse then any of the other, but nf
sweete sauour like spice and of delectable tast. Houos is another tree, whose fruite lioth
in shape and taste is muche like to prunes, but somewhat bigger: they are surely pcrswadcd
that this is the Myrobalane tree. These growe so abundantly in Hispaniola, that the hogfje^
are fedde with the fruite therof, as with mast among vs. The hogges like this kinde of fecilin:;
so wcl, that when these fruites waxe ripe the swine hcards can by no nieancs keepe tiiem out
of the woods of these trees, by reason whereof, a great multitude of them are become wijdc.
They also atfirme, that in Hispaniola swines llesh is of murhe belter taste and more wholsome
then mutton : for it is not to be doubted, but that diners kindes of nicales doc engciidir
sundry tastes and qualities in sutii as are nourished therwith. The most puissant prime
Ferdinandus, declared that he had eaten of another fruite brought from those landcs, being
full of scales, with keies, much like a pineapple in fourmeand colour, but in teniiernes equal
to melow pepons, and in taste exceeding al garden fruites: for it is no tree, but an hearhe,
much like vnto an artichoke, or Acantho : The king him selfc gaue the checfesi couunenda-
tioM to this. I hauc eaten none of these fruits: for of a great number which they broiifjhi
from thence, only one remained vncorrupled, the other being pulrilied by reaso of the
long voiage. Al suehe as haue eaten of ihcin newly geathcred in their natiue soilc, do mar-
ucilously coinmende their sweetcncsse and plcasaunt taste. 'Ihev diggc also out of the
grounde certaine rootes growing of them selucs, whiclic they call lietatas, muciie like viiio

the

^l'iV>i^^^'^*

The second Decade.

TRAFnQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

the nauie roote* of Millaiic, or the great piiffcs or mushromes of the earth. Ilowsocuer
they be drcHScd, cythcr fried or fiodde. they giiie place to no 8uche kinde of mcaie in plea-
sant tendernesi. The vkinnc is Homwhat tougher then either the nauien or muHhromc!*, of
carthic colour, but the inner mcate iherof is very white: These arc nourished in gardens,
as we iiaide of lucra in ihc (irst Decade. They are also eaten rawc, and haue tiie taste of
rawc chestnuts, but arc somewhat sweeter. We haue spoken suflTicicntly of trees, hearbes,
and fruitet, wc wil nowe thcrforc cntreate of things sensitiue. 'J'he Inndes and desolate pas- MoimnaTi.
turcs of these regions, are inhabited and deuoured of wildc and terrible beastes, as Lions, t'"-
Tigers, and sncho other monsters as we nowe knowe, and haue ben described of olde au-
thutirs in time past. But there is specially one beast engendrcd hrre, in which nature hath A>ttui|c bcA^t.
endeuoured to shew her cunning : This beast is as bigge as an Oxe, armed with a long snoutc
like an Elephant, and yet no Elephant, of the colour of an oxe, and yet no oxe, with the
hodfe of a horse, & yet no horse, with cares also muche like vnto o:i Elephant, but not so
open nor so much hanging downe, yet muche wider then the eare*. of any other beast. Of
the beast which brareth her whclpes about with her in her second belly .is in a purse (being
knnwen to none of the olde writers) I haue spoken in the first Decade, which I doubt not
to haue come to the handcs of your holinesse. Let vs nowe therefore declare what resteth
of the flooddes and riucrs of Vrabo. The riucr of Daricna falleth into the gulfe of Vraba, Tiif nuenof
with a narow chanel, scarcely able to beare the Canoas or Lighters of that prouince, &
runneth by the village where tiicy chose their dwelling place, but the riuer in the corner of
the piilfc which we saidc that Vaschus passed by, they founde to be : xxiiii. furlongs in AiMgu'i"*'"'-
breadth (which they call a league) and of exceeding dcapth, as of two hundred cubits, "'°"'"'
falling into the gulfe by diuers mouthes. They say that this riucr falleth into the gulfe of
Vraba, like as the riucr Ister (otherwise called Danubius, and Danowe) falleth into the seaDanubiui.
Pontike: and N'ilus into the .sen of Egipt, wherefore they named it Grandis, that in, great:
whiche also they affirmc to nourishe many and great Crocodiles, as the old writers testifie a Cmcodiieit
of Nilus, and especially as I haue learned by experience, hauing sailed vp and downe the JJ"',|'' '|,'j', 'j
riucr of Nilus, when I was sent Ambassadour to the Souldane of Alcair, at the commande- tjc«din|
ment of the most catholique king. What I may therefore geather out of the writinges of so '"""""■
many learned authours as concerning the riucr of Nilus, I knowe not: for they .say that na-
ture hath giuen two riuers of that name to water the lande, whether they wil them to spring
out of the mountaines of the moonc or the sunne, or out of the tops of the rough moun-
tains of Ethiopia, allirming one of the same to fall into the gulfe of Egypt towarde the North,
and tiie other into the .South Ocean sea. What shall wee say in this place; Of that Nilus in
Epvp' there is no doubt. The Portugales also which sayle bv the coastes of the Ethiopians Tiit PnttuiiUi
called NigritiC, and by the kingdome of Mclinda, passing vndcr the Equinoctiall lync^ """'»"">"'•
among their marucylous inuentions haue found another toward the South, and earnestly
adirmc the same to bee also deriued from the mountains of the moone, & that it is another
chanel of Nilus, because it bringcth fcrlh Crocodiles, whereas it hath not bin read before
time, that any other ryuer nourished Crocodiles sauing onely Nilus. This riucr the Portu-
gales call Senega. It runneth through the region of the Nigrita.s, being very fruitefull toward
the North shore, but on the .South side sandie and rough. Crocodiles are also engendrcd
herein. What shall wc then say of this thirdc; yea Imay well say the fourth: for I .suppose
fhem also to bee Crocodiles, which Colonus with his company fninule, armed with scales as
hard as shcllcs, in the ryucr called Delagartos, whereof wee haue made mention before.
Shall we say that these ryucrs of Dariena also & Vraba, haue their originall from the moun-
taynes of the moone, wheras they spring out of the next mountains, & can by no mcanes
haue the same originall with Nilus in Egypt, or that in Nigrita, or cIs ihat in tlie kingdome
cf .Mclinda, from whence so euer they are deriued, whereas these otiier (as we haue sayd)
spring out of the next niountaynes, which diuide another South ^ca, with no threat dist.ince
from the North Ocean. Whcrfore, it appeareth by experience of such as haue irauailetl tiic
world in our time, that other waters beeside the riuer of Nilus in l-gypf, "'ay likewise bring
i'oorth Crocodiles. In the maryshes also and fenncs of the regions of Darien.i, are founde

great

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'tP^ II

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

77ir irronrf Decade,

A philoinphical
(liicoiirir iscon-
ccrninf thorigi*
nil nf ipringfi
and riuffi.

The brfsdth of
ihr liMitr jt
Vrjhj, from
the North Ucran
to thi' South sr4*

Tht ica,

rio'cd Hith two

i.yrr into w.itcr
III the cBur) bf
!r.uiintaynn.

Rrent picniic of Phc««intn and Pencnckcii (but not of virinblc coloureii) %vith many nt\\tr
kindcs of birdcs and foulw vnlyke vnto oum, aswcl apt to be eaten, a* aUo to delight ihr
cares of menne with pleawniint noysc. But our Spinynrdes, because they ore ignorant in
fowling, take but fewc. Also innumerable popingayes of sundry kindcs are founde rhaitpr-
ing in the groues of those fennie places. Of these there arc some equall to Capones in bi^.
nrsse, and some as litle as iparowea. But of the diuersitie of popingaies, wc haue spoken
sufficiently in the firste Decade: for in the rase of this large landc, Colonus him selfe bn)ti)r|)|
and sent to the courte a great number of euery kinde, the whichc it was lawfull for all the
people to bcholde, and are yet daily brought in like manner. There remaineth ^et one thing
monste worthy to be put in historic, the whiche, I had rather to haue chaunccd mtothe hand'^
of Cicero or Liuie, then in to mine: for the thing is su marueilous in ray estimation, that I
finde my wittc more entangled in the description hereof, then is snide of the henne tvlien
she sceth her young chicken inwrapiied in towe or flaxe. The breadth of that Innde from di,.
North Ocean to the South sea, is only sixe daies iourney, by relation of the inhabirauntci
The multitude ther fore and greatnesse of the riuers on the one side, and on the other nidr
the narrownesse of the lande, bring ine into snchc doubt howe it can come to passe, that in so
litle a place of three daies iourney, measuring from the high toppcs of those motrntninet, |
doc not vnderstande howe so many and so grcale riuers may haue reroiirse vnto this Nurih
sea : for it is to be thought, that as many doc How toward thinhabiiaiits of the South. TIknc
riuers of Vraba arc but small, in comparison of many other in those coastes : for the Spani-
ards say, that in the time of Colonus, they found and passed by an other riuer after ilil'.,
whose gulfe falling into the sea, they aflirme to be litle lesse then a hundred miles in ihr
first coastCH of Paria, as wc haue saidcelse where : for they say, that it fulleth from the to|)|Hs
of highe moimtaines with so swift and furious a course, that by the violence and greatnrssf
thereof, it driueth backe the sea, although it be rough & enforced with a lotraric wind. Thcv
al affirme likewise, that in al the large tractc iherof, they fell no sowrc or sail water, bin thii
nil the water was freshe, swecte and apt to be drunke. ThinhabiUuntes call this riuer Ntara;;.
noniim, and tlie regions .itliacent to the same, Marintambnl, Camamonis, and Paricora : betidi
those riuers whiche I haue named before, as Darien, (irancliiis I)abail>a, Keragua, Sanrti Mathci.
Koius galli, Delagarlos, & Gnira, they which of late haue searched those coasies, haue (oundc
many other. Deliberating ihererore with my selfe, from whence these moimtaines, being*,
narrowe and ncere vnto the sea on both sides, haue suche great holowe caues or dens of •.|ic>i
capacitie, and from whence ihey are filled, lo cast foorth such abundance of water : hrrcif
also asking them ihc opinions of the inhabitantes, they nffinv.e them lo be of iliucrs iiuji^c-
mentes herein, alleadging first the grcatnes of the mounlaines to be the cause, whiche iluy
sav to be very hygh, which thing also Colonus the first finder thereof aflTirmelh lo l)cc
true, adding thereunto that the paradise of pleasure is in the tops of those mounlayncs
whiche appcaro from the gulfe of I'aria k Os Draconis, as he is fully perswadcd. They acrcc
therefore that there arc grent caur>i within these moiintavnes, but it rcsteth to con-^ider IrMii
whfce they are fyilcd. If ihereiore .>! the riuers of freshe water, by the opinion of niaiiv,
doe so flow out of the sea, as driuen anil compelled through the passages or pores of ihr
earth, by the ponderous weight of the sea it selfe, as wee see them breake foorth of the
springes, and direct their course to the sea agayne, then the thing it selfe to bee marucvlH
at here, then in other places ; lor wee haue not read that in any otlu-r place, two such sc.k
haue cnnironed any lande with so narrowe lymittts : for it hath on the right side the i;rr;it
Ocean, where the sunne goeth downe on the left hande, and another on ihe other side \»licrc
the simne riseth, nothing inferioiir to the first in greatnesse, for they suppose it to her nnvic
and ioyned as all one with the sea of Fast India. This land therefore beeini; bunleiu'd with
so great a weyght on the one side, & on the other (if this opinion he of any valiu) is cnlcrrr!
to swallowe vp siiche deuoured waters, .iiul a'.;aine to ca<t foorth the same in open sj)rin;;i's
and sfreames. But if wee shall denye that the c.irth draweth hninoiires of the sea, aiulaprrc
that all the foinilavnes orsjiringes are engeiulcred of the conucrsion or turnin;; of ayrc inln
wafer, distilling within the liolow places of ihc mnuntaynes (as the most pan thinkcj wc wil

giiif

, ,).!

I > .

The second Decade. inAFFiaUKS, AND DISCOUFRIES.

j;iuc place rather to the ntithoritie of them whiche iititke to those rea<ion», then that o»ir Nenre
i« MntHfied of the full truth thereof. Yet do I not rcpugiie, that in nomc cnue* of moiiniayncii,
water ii turned into nyrc: for I my nelfehaue Heenr, howe in the rauesof manye monnlayneA
in Spayne, in manner nhowrc* of raync doc fall cnniiniially and that the water gathered hv
thi* meanen, dooth send forth certayne riucr* by the sides of the moimlaiiies, wherewith all
durhe tree* as are planted on the steepe or footc of the moiintnynes, ns vines, oliue trivs, and
iiuchc other, arc watered, and thin especially in one piare : as the ri^ht honourable Lodouikc
the Cardinall of Aragonic, most obsequious to your holincssc, and two other bishops of Italy,
whereof the one isSiluius Pandonus, and the other an Archbishop (whose name and title I (lo
not remember) can bcare me witncsse : for when wee were to^fcther at (Jranafa, lately doliucrrd
from the dominion of the Moores, & walked for our pastymc to certayne pleasant liillcii
(by the which there ranne a fayrc ryiicr) while Canliiiall Lodouikc occupied himsclfe in
shootinR at birdcs whiche were in the bushes neere vnto the riucr, I and the other two bi-
shop* determined to clime the mountayncs, to March the originall and spring of the ryuer :
for wc were not farre from the tops thereof. Folowing therefore the course of the riuer, wee
founde a great cane, in which was a continual! fall of water, as it had beene a shnwrc of
rayne, the water whereof, falling into a trcnchc mndc with mans hande, encreaseth to .1
ryuer, and runneth downe by tl.e sides of I'lc moinitaynes. The like is also scene in this fa«
mnus towiir of Vallad Veto (who- • wc lU wc .soioume) in a certayne grecne cicse, not past a
furlong (li.stant from tl r* waller "i ih< (owne. I graunt therefore, that in certayut places, by
conucr'-i'V) of th« ayift t w.- ii:.ow.-,(er vithin the cjues of suchc mounUiyncs, many .springes
and riuers are tr')'«ndtt\*'t; 'nif 3 ';'kj,;;ose that nature was not solicitate to bring foori'i such
great floudes by ihis so vTjail iiid^'iirie. Two rea>ions therefore do sound best to my Uufge-
ment : whereof the '-ur is, ilic ..iicn fall of raji-c : the other, the continual autumne or spring
time wh'ch is in tbiije To;;iiiC's, b;trrg ho ncrre vHi. the Ecjuinoctial, that the .;ommon people can
pcrceiuc n(. ditler- « ;c bctwi^'n i ihc length of <T"diy and the nighv through out all the ycere,
whereas these tv v s'. <'hjm irrnMre apt to »M<rrru(ir: /ibundiT* of vayne, then eyther extreame
winter, or fcruciit sfimmTr. .^n Jther '^ck-'i;. ni effect mu'h liicf vnto the first is this : If the sea
be ful of pii*e:., ;"',d that !)V t!(C p-^ros tlurcof, bcinr op. aid ',•// the South wyndes, we shall con-
sent tha', '..ipours >ri: iyfiia vp vh':'ivnf fla* 'v.^ieiy . '..idesf iin engendered, this landc must
needs bee »n y«i'td 'tvifh mr 'I'lwrei rhtn ynyc ritUvi", it it bee .s narrowe as they say, and
enuironeil with iwo n\ayn( 'c?is Cviltaicrull / iKCaii.ig >i /hciair.i^ : hi>w soeuer it bee, I cannot
but giuc crcdiJf to the rcporCf ^,1 si.rli wor.ft'iy men as hM.n nxvun^? to those regions, and
can no lesse thei'i c'^jch-c the s^me, aibeit 'i may wcme ■idT'.f*:! le !> some ignorant persons,
not knowing tin" povjcr-)!" nntur.', lo v.Immo, fliote wjii pc>^.iv'n«l:rd. that nothing was impos-
sible. Wc liauc eheriibre ihcigl't ic g )od to m^kc thi-i cHscocihc by the way of argument,
least on the onesids-Mnerntof ((o.xl Icirning and iudgei/.en', rod on the other side, such as are
studious to fintie occ,>«;ictni of (^aarelli.Mr ir other mens > 'yautros, shouldc iudgc vs to bee so
vndiscrctc, lightly 10 giuc .rediJc to cdcv t.\\e, not bci.115 r j.isorant to reason : but of the
force and great violercc of tfiosr I'.wli watei^i, vtiliich rcpi'isiii;; ihe sea, make so great a gulfc (a.s
wee hauesa^de) I thinlc th<' tn.s,' thc.ccf to bcc ihc great multitude of floudes and riuers,
whiclu' bccing gathered toget'irr, )ii,;«,? so gfi';,; :« pool.-, and not one ryuer as they suppo.se.
And forasmuch as the mountaines are cvciJi't,!; hij li :iii.l -.teepe, I think the violence of the fall
of the waters to be of such force, th.-.t this co fiict l)c.wecne the waters, is caused by the impul-
sion of llicpr.Ie, il'at ihr •*«!; wiier cannc. etc info the gulfc. Rut here perhaps some will
m.irucyle it nice, why ! -Iiouiil r»;ir'U'ile ■^.i. much hereat, speaking vnto mc scornefuUy, after
this manor: VV^v dolh hee s;i mnrucile at the great riuers of those regions? Hath not Italic
his Uridanis, lao.oil thr kinj^ •'(" ri'.!0-s of the olde writers ; Haue not other regions also the
like ; as wee rt.n'- of '';.i:;.is. ( angos, and Danubius, which arc sayd so to ouercomc the sea,
that frcshe rvatu- may bee draisiie fouriie myles within the same. These men I would satisfic
with V'.:, ai'.is'cre. Ttii faiaous ryuer of Padus in Italic (whiche they nowe call Po, and was
ci" tht Greekes tailed Eridanus) hath the great mountayncs called Alpcs, diuiding Fraunce,
(jVn liinie, ui d Panaonie, from Italic, lying at the banke there, as it were biilwarkcs agger,
VOL. T. K k full

S49

The often fall
of rjyne ind
continuiU
iprniRti-nf.
1 lie htjuiiKW*
(i.ill.

The porej of
the M**). k the
South wind.

The t'ouJf

Eiidaiuiv

•> III'

't«w>

lllllH'!

] .'h' '■

1", ..t ■

lAt .)

ikt' ■■

850

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tlie second Decade.

^pfil ^ 'i

N'i

( J

Thp iluer
A)pheu$.

Long caufs in
ihf moiin-
tayncs.

Thr length
and torme of
the lUnd.

C.irdfi of tlie
ua.

The carJf of
Amciiiiis

Vt>iHltlu5.

Thr fp.rdc .

Thf ciiJf- of

la C SI.
Tht L'.rdr of
Aiidrcai Mo-

The manrr if
mciMuiiig the
emits.

fiili of moysture, and with a long tracte receiuing Ticinum, with innumerable other great
ryucrs, falleth into the sea Adriatike. The like is also to bee vndentoode of the other. But
these riuere (as our menne were enfourmed by the kinges) fall into the Ocean sea with
larger and fuller channels neere hande, and some there are which affirme this lande to be very
large in other places, although it be but narrowe here. There commeth also to my remem-
brance another cause, the whiche although it be of no great force, yet doe I entende to write
it. PerhajM therefore the length of the lande reaching farre from the East to the West, if it be
narowe, may be a helpe hereunto : for as wee reade, tliat the ryuer Alpheus passeth through
the holowe places vnder the sea, from the citie of Elis in Peloponesn, and breaketh forth at
ti)c fountainc or spring Arethusa in the Ilande of Sicilla so in it possible that these mountaines
may haue such long caues perteyning vnto them, that they may bee the receptacles of ihe
water passing through the landes bceing farre distant, and that the same waters comming by
so long a tracte, may in the way bee greatly encrexsed, by the conucrsion of ayre into wa-
ter, as we haue saydc. Thus much haue 1 spoken freely, permitting both to them which do
friendly interprete other mens dooinges and also the malicious ■corner', to take the thiii"
cuen as them lysteth, for hitherto I can make no further declaration hereof but when the
trueth shalbe better knowne, 1 wil do my diligence to commit the same to writing. Nowe
therefore, forasmuch as we haue spoken thus much of the breadth of this lande, we enteiule
to describe the length and fourmc of the same.

The tenth Chapter of the secondc Decade, of the supposed cont^ent.

THat land reacheth forth into the sea, euen as doth Italy, although not like the leg of a
man, as it doth. Hut nowe 1 compare a Pigraean or a dwarfe, to a Giant : for that ]xirt thcr-
of which the Spaniardes haue oucrrunne, from the said East poynt whiche reacheth towanle
the sea Atlantike, (the end not being yet fouiule towarde the West) is more then eight times
longer then Italic. And by what reason I am moued to say eight timrn, your holincssc shall
vndcrstande. From the time therefore that 1 lirst determined to obey their reipiestes, who
willed mee first in your name to write those thinges in the Lttine tongue, I did my endcuour
that all thinges might come foorth with due Iryall and experience : wherupoii 1 repayred to
the I3yshop of l>urgcs, being the chicfe refuge of this nauigation. As we were therefore sc.
crctcly together in one chamber, we had many instrumentes perteining to these affaires, a«
globes, and many of those maps which are commonly called the shipm.ins cardes, or r.-irdcs il
the sea. Of the which, one was drawne by the Porttigalcs, whereunto Americus Vesputiiw j*
sa>d to haue put to his hand, beeing a mannc most exp{;rt in this facultii>, and a Floreiitiiic
borne, who also vnder the 8ti|)end of the Fortugales, had sayled towarde the South pole nianif
degrees bcyonde tl»e Equinociiall. In this carde we loimd the first front of this lande to bee
broader then the kinges of Vraba h.id perswaded our men of their inountayncs. To another.
Culonns the Admiral, while he yet liucd, and searched those pfeces, had giucn the l)c<;inniii!,'
with his owne handes : whereunto Bartholomcus Colonus his brother and Lieuctenant had addd
his iudgeiiienf, for he also lud sa\k'd about those coasies. Of the Spanyardes liLewise, as
many as thought themscluew to haue aiiio knowledge wiiat perteyned to measure the land and
t lit- sea, drew ccrtayne carde.s in panhiiu-nt as ronceinini; tliese nauigalions. Of all other,
they most esteemc llietn which lohanius df la C(»sa tlie tonipnion of Fogeda (whom \»c
sayde to be sla\iic of the people of Carainairi in the hauen ol" ('artli.igo) & another ex|)irl
pylote called Andreas Moralis, luad set forth. And this .iswel lor the >;n'at experiece which
they both had (to whom ilie>e Iractes were aswel knowne as the chambers of their owne
houses) as also that they were thought to be cuniiiivu'M' in that part of (,'osinographie, which
teacheih the di ^i i ption tV measuring ot llie sea. ('(iniiTring therefore al these cardes t(i;,'e-
ther, in cuciv of ihe which wjs drawiic a lyiie, expressing not the niyles, but leagues, alter
the manner if till' Spanyards, wee tooke our compa.s»es, & began to measure the sea coastes
afuT iii> order. I'mm th.it poviit or front whiche we >aytie to bee included withm the Iviie
perteyni ig to ilic I'ortugiles iiirindittion, beeing draweii by the paralelles of the Ilandesof
C'abouerde, but a hundred leagues further towarde the West (^which they haue nowe also

searched

The second Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

S51

searched on cuery side) wee rniinde three hundred leagues to the entrance of the riucr Ma-
raTiionuin : and from thence to Os Draconis, acuen hundred leagues, but somewhat lewc by
the description of some, for they doe not agree in all poyntes exquisitely. The Spanyardi-s
will that a league conteyne foure myles by sea, and but three by land. From Os Draconis, to
tiic cape or poynt of Cuchibacoa, which being passed, there is a gulfe on the left hande, we
measured three hundred leagues in one Carde, & much therabout in another. From this
poynt of Cuchibacoa, to the region of Caramairi, in whichc is the haucn Carthago (whichc
some ca! Carthagena) we found about a hundred & seuenty leagues. From Caramairi to
the Hand Fortis, fyftie leagues. From thence to the gulfes of Vraba, among the whichc is
the village called Sancta Maria Antiqua, where the Spaniardes hauc appoynted their hnbita-
tion, only xxxiii. leagues. From the ryuer of Vraba in the prouince of Dariena, to the ryuer
of lleragua, where Nicuesa had intended to haue faistened his footc, if God had not otherwise
decreed^ we measured a hundred and thirtie leagues. From Beragua to that ryuer, which we
sayd of Colonus to bee called Sancti Matthei, in the which also Nicuesa loosing his Carauell,
wandered in great calamiticB, we found in our Canles only a hundred & fourtie leagues :
Yet many other which of late time haue come from these partes, haue described many mo
leagues in this tract from the ryuer of Sancti Matthei, in whiche also they place diuers riuers,
as Aburema, with the Hand called Scutum Cateba, lying before it, whose kings name is Facics
combusta. Likewise another riuer called Zobraba, after that, Vrida, and then Duraba, in the
whiche golde is founde. Furthermore, many goodly hauens, as Cerabaro and Hlebra, so called
of the inhabitantes. And thus if your holynesse will conferre these numbers together, you
shall finde in this accompt, a thousand, fiue hundred, twentie and fiue leagues, which amount
to tine thoi!!^nd & seuen hundred miles from the poynt of Sancti Matthei, which they call Si-
num perditorum, that is, the gulfe of the lost men. But we may not leaue here : for after this,
one Astur Ouetcnsis otherwise named lohannes Dias de Solis, borne in Nebrissa (which bring-
eth foorth many learned men) sayling from this riuer towarde the West, ouerranne many
coasts and leagues, but the middest of that shore bendeth towarde the North, and is not
therefore directly placed in order with the other, yet may wee gather by a diameter or
right lyne, about three hundred leagues, lleereby may you gather what is the length of this
lanile, but of the breadth, perhaps we shal here after haue further knowledge. Lot vs nowe
jspeake somewhat of the varietie of the degrees of the eleuation of the pole starres. This lande
therefore, althon h it reache foorth from the East into the West, yet it is crooked, and hath
the poynt b-^ndiiig so towarde the South, that it looseth the sight of the North pole, and ex-
tendelh beyond the F.quinoctial lyne seuen degrees towarde the South pole: but the poynt
heereof, jjerteynelh to the iurisdirtion of the Portugales, as wee haue sayde. Leaning this
povnt, and sayling towarde Paria, the North starre is scene againe, & is so much the more
lifted vp, in how much the region enclineth more towarde the West. The Spanyardes
therefore hauc diuerse degrees of eleuntion, vntil they come to Dariena being their chiefe
station and dwelling place in those landes : for they haue forsaken Beragua, where they
founde the North pole cleuate viii. degrees, but from hence, the land doth so much bend to-
warde the North, that it is there in manner equal with the degrees of the strayghtes of Her-
cules pyllers, es|>ecially if wee measure certaine lands founde by them towarde the North side
ol llispiiniola, amon^ the which there is an Hande about three C. & xxv. leagues from Hispa-
nidhi. as they say which hauc searched the same, named Boi\ica or Agnaneo, in the which is
.1 ri'ntiniiall spring of running water, of such manieihius vertue, that the water thereof being
(Irunke, perhaps with some diet, niakeih olde men younj; .ngain. And here must I make pro-
U'tMiii'ii to y<'ur holynesse, not to thinkc this to bee sayde iiiihtlv or rashlv, for they Iwue so
^|l^(■.ul this I iiin( iir for a fnicth throiifjhout al the court, that not onelv all the per pie, but also
inan\ ol them whom wisedomc or fortune hath diuided from the common sort, thinkeit to be
true : but if you shal a.ske my opinion herein, I will answere, that 1 will not attribute so great
power to nature, but that (iod hath no lesse reseriied this prcrogatiue to himselfe, then to
scare Ite the heartes of inennc, or to ;;iiie substance to priuation, (that is) booing, to no being,
rxiepf wee shall beieeue the fable of Colchis of lv>ion renouate, to bee as true as the writ\ nues

K k 2 ■ \,f

A Icjguc.

The nauigation
of Inhannes
Dias.

The eleuation
of the pole.

The iurisdictkm
of the Portu-
gales.

Hercules pyl-
lers.

The Hind.'
Boluca or
Agnaneo.
The renouatii'ii

of .!gl-.

A water of iiui-
ucilous vcrtuc.

[,• ,,1.

•IH'^'.' I

M ill

.'/l<

m '

i'l

S5S

Thf acrtdeiiti
of .ige may be
hidden*

Ext ream f
hunger.

This VV.IS at
the siege of Ic-
riisalem.

Many dogges
eaten*

A maiipie dog
d'-ere solde.

Broth of a
nungit do^c
^kinne.
T*adcs eiiten.

A dead m.in
eaten.

Kou.

Pi-iru5 A:\\n
wfi'im the ''p:*-
ryirjr-- c.iU
PrJraria*.

VOYAGKS, NAUIGATIONS,

The second Decade.

fwr m

of Sibylla Erythren. Albeit perhappes the schoole of Phisitions and natural philosophers,
will not mitche sticke to affirine, that by the vse of cerfaine secrete medicines and diet, the
accidentes of age (as they call them) may be long hidden & deferred, which they will to
bee vnderstoodc by the renouation of age. And to haue sayd thus much of the length and
breadth of these regions, and of the rough and hugious mountaines, with their watery caues,
also of the diucrs degrees of that lande, I thinke it sufficient. But I thought it not good to
let passe what chaunced to these miserable men among their generall calamities. I remem-
ber that when 1 was a childe, mee thought my bowelles grated, and that my spirited were
marueilously troubled for very pitie, when I readc in the poet Virgil, howe Achemenidcs was
left of Vlysses vpon the sea bankes among the giantes called Cyclopes, where for the space
of manie dayes from the departing of Vlysses, vntil the comming of JEneas, he eate none
other meat but only berries and hawes. But our vnfortunate Spanyardes, which followed Ni-
cucsa to inhabite Bcragu.i, would haue esteemed hawes and berries for great delicates. What
should I hecrc speake of the head of an asse bought for a great price, & of such other ex-
treamilics as mennc haue suffered in townCs beesieged f After that Nicuesa had determined
to leaue Beragua for the barrennesse of the soyle, he attempted to search Portum Belium,
and then the coastes of the poynt called Marmor, if he might there finde a place more fortii>
nate to inhabite. In this meane time, so grieuous famine oppressed his souldicrs, that they
neither absteined from eating ofmangie dogges, which they had with the, aswel for their de-
fence as for hiniting (for in the warre agaynst the naked people, dogges stoode them in ^xeM
steade) nor yet somtime from the slayne inhabitants : for they found not there any fruitfiill
trees, or plcntie of foules, as in Dariena, but a barren ground, and not mcete to be inhabited,
Here certaine of the souldiers made a bargainc with one of their fellowes for the pryce of a
leane dogge, who also wa^ almost dead f<ir hunger : they gauc the owner of the doggc niaiiv
of those peeces of gold which they cal Pesos, or golden Castellans. Thus agreeing of the
price, they flayed the dogge to be eaten, and east his mangie skinne with the bones of the
hcade hanging thereto, among tlie bushes. The day following, a certayne footeman of their
companie, chaunced to finde the skinne beeing nowe full of maggottes and stynking. He
brought it home with him, sodile if, and eate it. Many resorted to him with their dishes Iw
the brotli of the sod skinne proferring him for euery dishfull a pecce of golde. \n other
foiinde two toades, and sodde them, which asicke man bought of him for two line shurtes, cu-
riously \\r(Uij;ht of iynncn intermvxed with golde. Certavne other wandering about to scckc
for \icliiailes, foimde in a pathway in the niyddest of a lielde, a dead man, of the inliabi-
tantes, which liadde bnne slaine of his owne comp'nic, antl was now rotten and stinking:.
They drcwe him aside, dismembrcd him secretly, rosted him, and eate him, therewith asswat-
ing their hunger, as if tliey had becne fed with pheasantes. One also, wiiiche departing from
his companions in the night season, went a fisliing among the reedes of the maryshes, limd
onely with slynic or imidde for the s|)ace of certayne dayes, vntillat the length creei)ing, aiul
almost dead, he lounde the wave to liis lelnwcs. And thus these miserable men of Beragua,
vexed with llie-se and mclie other afHit tions, were bronght from the number of seuen hun-
roth, llircescore and ten souldiers, scarcely to fourtie, being now also added to the conipanie
n| tliem in Dariena. I'ewc were slavne of the iniiubitantes, but the residue consmned \vii!i
fnniiie, lireatlicd out their very soiiles, opening a way to the newe laiules for such as shall
come after them, appeasing the fnry of the barbarous nations, with the price of their hldiid.
Considering therelorc, after these stornics, with what ease other men shall ouerrunne and in-
haliitf these iandes, in respect to the calamities that these men haue suffered, they shall seenie
to uce to bride feastis, where all thinges are ready prepared against their comming. Jim
where I'etriis Arias arrviied with the kingcs nauie, and new sujiply of men, to this hotire I
kn()we no ccrtaynfy. What shall channcc hereafter, I will make diligent inquisition, if I
shall vn(ler>tan(l ihi-. lo he acceptable to your holinessc. Thus 1 bid you farewell : from the
coiiite ol the most catholykc king, the day before the nones of December, in the yecre of
Christ. 1514.

The

men. 1
him, he
call Can
Coiba, ;
deuoute
warde
h's com
(iTfaviu
many
inir nu'i
ship v,\
ti> siaiK
otiier,
(jotindc!
greater
sayd.
asconni
glasses,
for ^ir!
certavii
and ill

to CLdl

insir i
\'a-( III

- !,f(

kit'

:rJie thirdc Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

253

The first Chapter of the thirtle Decade, to the Bishop of Rome Leo the tenth,

I Was determined (most holy father) to haue closed vp the gates to this newe worlde, sup-
posing that I had wandered farre enough in the coastcs thereof, while in the meane time
newe letters were brought mc from thence, whichc caused me againe to take my pen in
hand: for I receiued letters not onely from certaine of mine acquaintance there, but also Vwchui Nun.
from Vaschus Nunnez, whom we sayde by the confidence of hisowne power with his confede- o'/ifn"""" °'
rates, to haue vsurped the gouernance of Dariena, after the reiecting of Nicuesa & Ancisus,
Lieus (ciiauntes. IJy his letter, written after his warlike maner, we vnderstand that he hath
passiil oi:er the mounlaines diuiding the Ocenn, knowne to vs, from the other maync sea on JJ,^"*^'""''
the Sv;iit'i side of this landc, hitherto vnknownc. His Epistle is greater then that called Ca-
preensis de Seiuno. But wc haue gathered out of that and other, onely such things as we
thought most worthy to bee noted. Vaschus so beehaued himselfe in these atfaires, that he
did not onely pacifie the kinges displeasure conceiued against him, but also made him so fa-
uourable and gracious good lord towarde him, that he rewarded him and his companions with
many honourable gifts and priuiledges for their attepls. Wherefore, I desire your holynesse
to encline your attentiue eares, & to consider with a ioyfull mind what they haue brougiit to
passe in these great enterprises: lor this valiaunt nation (the Spanyardes I meane) haue not Commendation
onely with great paines and innumerable daungers subdued, to the Christian empire, infinite IxL'. '^""^'
hundredes and legions, but also myriades of men. Vaschus Nunnez therefore, whether it , ... . .
were that he was impacient ot idlcnesse, (lor a valiant mnul cannot rest in one place, or be cannot b« idk.
vnocrupyed) or least any other shoulde prcucnt him in .so great a matter (suspecting the newe
gouernour Petrus Arias) or beeing mooued by both these causes, and especially for that the
king had taken displeasure with him for such things as he had done before, tookc the nduen*
tiire vppon him, with a fewe menne to bring that to passe, whiche the sonne of king Como-
griis thought could hardly haue bin done with the aydc of a thousand men, whereof Petrus
Arias vas nppovnted raptaine for the same purpo.se. Assembling therefore certaine of the
olde souldiers of Dariena, and many of those which came lately from Hispaniola, allured by Vasthuihis
the lame of gre.iter plentie of golde, hee gathered an armie of a hundred fourescore and tenne Sd^Ve^oi-
nicn. Thus being furnished, and ready to take his voyage by sea, while the winde serucd ''"'moun-
him, hee departed from Dariena with one Brigandine, and tenne of their boats whiche they '^''""'"
call Canoax, as wc haue sayde. First therefore arriuing in the dominion of Carcta king of ^^","'''"8
t'oiba, and friend to the Christians, and leaning his shyppe and boates there, hee made his "
deuoute pravcrs to almighty CJod, and tlurcwith went forwarde on his iourney by lande to-
warde the mount.iynes. Here he (irst entred into the region of king I'oncha, who fledde at •''"B P""*"''
h'x comming. as he had done before. But V'ascinisscnt messengers to him by the conduct of
(irfaviie ol Careta his men, promising him friendship, & defence against his enemies, with
main othiri)enefite^ I'oncha thus entised with fayre speech and friendly profcrs, both of
oiir nu'ii, & of the Caretans, came to our men glad and willingly, making a league of frientl-
shi[) with them. Vaschus cnterioymd him very Iriendly, and perswaded him neuer thereafter
til siande in feare. Thus they ioyncti handes, embraced, and gaue great giftes the one to the
ot!i«r, to knilte vp the knotte of contiruiail amitie. I'oncha gane Vaschus a hundred & ten
|)Ouniios weight of golde, of that pound wliiche the Spanyardes call Pesum. Hee hadde no
greater plentie of golile at this time, by reason he was spoyled the yeare before, as we haue
sayd. Va<«i-Ini'< to reconipcnce one bcnelite with another, gaue him certavne of our thingcs,
as cotinterfayte rynge-i, C;iri>tall stones, copper chaynes, & brasclets, hawkes belles, looking
glasses, and >uch other line stiide. T'lese ihinges they set much bv, and greativ c^teeme :
for '■iich thin os as are ^traungf, are euery where counted precious. He gaue also to I'oncha siran^f thinjcs
certavne axes to It'll irec«. which he accepted as a princeiv gift, because they lacke Irtin, J.'taV.''.".
and n!l t er meltals e\( « pi gultle : hy reason whereof, they arc enforced with great I.ibour i.uke.riroa.
to ciiiie tluir frii's tci hniliie their hnuscs, and specially to make their boates holowe, without
inslruii'C tes of Iron, with certayne sluirpe slimes, \\hi(h they finde in the ryuers. 'I'luis a «ont in ihc
Va-(hiis , .Ming all thiiiges in saietie behindc him, marched forward with his armie toward ""<'"'''"'"■

the

il\

|H; ;H

1 t

■'"IT"^-

mi i

^,1

iU'l!

}i life f I 1"^

■11

954

Superfluities
hinder liberty.

Carpenters.
Bridges*

The region of
<^uarcqu.i.

King Quare-
quj IS dryuen
to HighL
Harsabuuet>
Cios»c buwci.

vi. C t.irhari-
aas u< lJUint.

The vse of
dit^grs in the
wirm j^ainst
the naktd
Uaibjnais,

Natural ha-
ttrd vf viuia-
IbfjU &iiine.

I woulde 41
men weir of
thii opiiiiun.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

The thirde Decade.

the mountaynes, by the conduct of certavnc giiids and labourers which Poncha had giuen
him, aswel to Icade him the way, as also to cary his baggages, and open the strayghtes
through the desolate places and craggie rocks full of the dennes of wilde beastes : for there
is seldoine any cntercourse of buviiig and selling betweene these naked people, because
they stand in ncede of fewe thinges, and haue not the vse of money : l)ut if at any time
they exercise any barteryng, they doe it but neere hande, exchanging golde for houshold
stufle, with their cofmes which su>vhat esteeme the same for ornament when it is wrought
Other superfluities they vtterly contemne, as hinderaunces of their sweete libertie, forasmuch
as they are giuen onely to play an*! idieiiesse. And for this cause the high wayes which lye
beetwcer.e their regions, are not much worne with many iourneyes, yet haue their scouts
certainc priuie markes, whereby they know the way the one to inuade the others dominions
and spoyle and infest theniselues on both sides with mutuall incursions priuily in the njnht
season. By the helpe therefore of their guides and laborers, with our Carpenters he passed
oucr the horrible mountaynes, and many great riucrs lying in the way, ouer the which he
made bridges, either with pyies or tninkes of trees. And here doe I let passe many thinges
which they suffered for lacke of necessaries, being also in maner ouercome with cxircame
labor, least t; should bee tedious in rehearsing thinges of small value. But I have thought it
good not to om" n.iche doinges as hce had with the kinges by the way. Therefore or euer he
came to the toppes of the high mountaynes, he entrcd into a region called Quarequa, and
metie with the king thereof called by the same name, with a great bande of mennc armed
after ther manner, as with bowes and arrowes, long and broade two handed swoordes made
of wood, long staues hardened at the endcs with fire, dartes also and slynges. Hee came
proudly and cruelly against our men, and sent messengers to them to bydde them stande and
proceede no further, dcmaunding whythcr they went, and what they hadde to doe ; Here-
with hce came foorth and shewed himselfc, being apparelled with all his nobilitie, but the
other were all naked. The' approching toward our men, he threatni-d the, with a Linns
countenance, to depart from ihence, except ihey would be slayne euery mothers sonne.
When our men denyed that they would goe backe, he assailed them fiercely, but the baitaylc
was soone finished, for assoone as they hearde the noysc of the hargabusies, they belecued
that our men caryed thunder and lightning about with them. Many also being slayne and
sore wounded with quarrels of crosisebowes, they turned their backcs and fledde. Our men
following them in tiie chase, hewed them in pecces, as the Butchers doe fleslie in the sham-
bles, from one an arme, from another a leggc, from him a bultnckc, from another a shoulder,
and from some the nccke from the bwlie at one stroke. Thus, sixe hundred of them, with
their king, were slayne like bruite beastes. Vaschus founde ti>e house of this king infected
with most abominable and vnnaturall lechery : for he founde the kinges brother, and nianv
other young men in womens apparel!, smooth and ellijminately decked, whiclie by the report
of such as dwell about him, hee abused with preposterous Venus. Of these about the num-
ber of fourtie, he commanded to be giuen for a pray to his dog<;es : for (as we haue savde)
the Span\ar(les vse the helpe of doggcs in their warres agaynst the naked people, whom
they inuade as fiercely and raueriyugly- as iftiicy were wild bores or Haries : insomuch th::t
our Spanyardes haue I'l unde flieir (Iog<;es no lessc faithl'ull to them in all dangeif and enter-
prises, then did the Cnlcphonians or {'asiai).deiices, whiche instittited whole armies ofdogsjes,
so made to seruc in the warres, that heiiiu accustomed to place them in the foref'ronfe of the
battayles, they neuer shronke or gaiic backe. When the pecple had hearde of tlie snicrc
punishment wliiche our mennc iiad executed vpon that filtiiie kindc of men, tliey resorted tn
them, as it had bin to Hercules lor refuge, by violence tiriiiging with them ail such as ihev
knewe til Ijc infected with that pestilence, spvltvug in their facts, and crsini; out to our
men to take reueni;e of them, and rydde them out of ilie worlde fntn anmn!; men, ns conl.i-
gious beastes. This stinking abhoinination hadde not yet entred among the |)ei)j)l,', hut wa>e\-
ercised onely by the noble men and gentlemen. But the people lifting vp ti:eir liandes tV e\es
toward heaueii, gauc tokens that God wa^ grieuousjv ctli-ndcd with siirhe wle dcedes, aflirm-
ing this lo be the cause of their so many tliunderinges, lyghtninges, i^ tcnipcstcs, ulierewith

llu'\

tants of !
almighty
ce^se to
All his o
with na
proniontc
landc en
them a
had savdi
steed of ;
least "^ucl

kill^ oft

(in the Ic
of the nc
him with
thrmiiili
airn\, an
cstecmc

ITie thirde Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

365

thev are so often troubled, and of their ouerflowing of waters which drowne their seta and
fruitcs, whereof famine and diners diseases ensue, as they simply and faithfully beleeue, al-
though they know none other GOD then the sunne whom onely they honour, thinking that it
doth both giue and take away, as it is pleased or offended : Yet they are very docible, and The htrucit u
eaaie to be allured to our customes and religion, if they had any teacher. In their language fvorkJml^'''*
there is nothing vnpleasauiit to the eare, or harde to be pronounced, but that all their woordes •"« f'*"-
may be written with Lntinc letters, as wee sayde of the inhabitauntes of Hispaniola. It is a
warlyke nation, and hath beene euer hitherto molestous to their borders: but the region is Wa.iyiufto.
not fortunate with fruitefull grounde, or plentic of gold. Yet it is full of great barren ■■''■■
mountaynes being somewhat colde by reason of their height and therefore the noble menne tTiecoUe""'
and gentlemen are apparelled, but the common people Hue content onely with the benefites
of nature. There is a region not past two dayes iourney distant from Quarequa, in which
they found only bincke Moores, and those exceeding fierce and cnicll. They suppose that Ar.gionof
in tyme past terlayne blacke Moores sayled thither out of Ethiopia to robbc, and that by "" °°"''
shippewrnrke «)r some other chaunce, they were dryuen to those mountaynes.- The inhabi-
tantcs of Quarequa Hue in coiitinuall warrc and debate with these blacke men. Heere Vas-
chus leaning in Quarequa many of his souldiers (whiche by reason they were not yet accus-
tomed to such triuailes ik iuiiiiz:cr, fell into diners diseases) tooke with him certayne guides Diseastsof
of the Quarequ;itans, to coiuluct him to the toppes of the mountaynes. From the pallace of jJjjT,"*^ '^"
king Poncha, to the prospect of the other Scuth sea, is only sixe dales iourney, the which TheSouthiea.
neuerthelesse, by reason of many hinderances & chauces, and especially for lacke of
victualles, he could accomplish in no lesse then xxv. dayes. But at the length, the seuenth
day of the Calendes of October, hee beehelde with woonderyng eyes the toppes of the high
mountaynes, shewed vnto him by the guides of Quarequa, from the which he might see the
other sea so long looked for, and neuer scene before of any man comming out of our worlde.
Approching therefore to the toppes of the mountaynes, he commaunded his armie to stay,
and went hiinselfc alone to the toppe, as it were to take the first possession thereof. Where,
falling prostrate vpon the grounde, and raysing himselfe againe vpon his knees, as the maner ^"y»-
of the Christians is to pray, lyfting vp his eyes and handes towarde heauen, and directing
his face towarde the ncwc founde South sea, he powred foorth his humble and deuout prayers
before almightie God, as a spirituall sacrifice with thankcs giuing, that it pleased his diuine
niaiestie, to rcserue vnto that day the victorie & praysc of so great a thing vnto him, beeing
a man but of small wit and knowledge, of litlc experience, and base parentage. When he Codraystih
had thus made his prayers after his warlike maner, hee bcckned with his handc to his compa- J^j^"^'.,'™!^
nions, to come to him, shewinij the the great maine sea heretofore vnknowne to the inhabi-
tants of Kurope, Aphrike, and Asia. Merc ;(gayne hee fell to his prayers as before, desiring
almiglitvGod (and the blessed virijin) to fanour his heginninges, and fn giue him good suc-
ti'f^c to siilxluc those landes, to the gl' ry ofliis holy name, and encrease of his true religion.
All Ills idmi>anions did likewise, and pravscd (iod with loude voyces for ioy. Then V.t'ifhus,
with no lesse manly corage then H mniball of Carthage shewrd his souldiers Italy, and the ''=""'^^'1 '*
promontories of the Al pes exiiorled his men to lyft vp their hearts, and to beholde the '"""'''
latiilc euen nowe vnder their feete, and the sea beefore their eyes, whiche shoulde bee vnto
them a full and iust rewardc ul their great labnires & traiia\ les nowe ouerpassed. When he
had savde thefc woordes, hc«' tnmmanded them to rai>*f t ertainc lieapes of stones, in the
steed oCaltarx, for a token of possession. Thev descending I'roin the toppes of the moinitavnes,
least such as might rimie after him shoulde argue him of lying or falshoodc, hee wmte the
kinn (ifCistcIs name here and there, on the b.irkes of the trees, both on the right hand and
on the left, S; raysed heapes of stones all the way that he went, vnlill he rame to the region
of till' next king towarde the South, whose nunc was Chiapcs. This king came foorth ai^aynst
him with a gre.it multitude ol menne, threatnint; and forbvdding him not onely to passe
thnmsli his domi-.iions, but also to <;oi' no lurthcr. Hereupon Vasehus set his bnftav ic in KMigChia|<«>,
.nrrav, and exhorted his men (l)eing nowe but I'ewe) (iersly to assay le their enemies, and to a b.ttayit,
cstecme them no better then doggcs iiicate, as they shoulde bee shortlv. I'lariiig therefore

the

iiiH

I '

In.

!:,!,

;-'i :ih (hi

'\'-

850

Chiaj^es ii drU
ucn to flight.

Vaschus send-
f th for king
Chi apes.

Chlapcs sub-
mitteth him-
fcrlfe to Vas-
chus.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The thlrde Decadt.

A EiilJt of ihrre
%ci>rr mvlci.
Saint .^Illtulli

'■'■"••■

r igc and ^Dliy

the hargabusiers and masties in the forefront, they saluted king Chiapc? and his men with
suche alarome, that when they heard the noyse of the gunnes, sawc the flames of fire, and
smelt the sauour of brimstone (for the wvnde blewc toward them) they drone thcmselncs to
flight, with such fcare least thundcrboults and lyghtnynges followed them, that many fell
downe to the groundc, whom our men pursuing, first keeping their order, and after breakin<r
their arav, slue but fcwe, and tooke many captiue : For they determined to vse no exfrcami^
tie, l)ut to jwcyfie those regions as quietly as they might. Entring therefore into the pailace
of kins; Cliiapes, Vaschus commaundcd many of the captiucs to bee loosed, willing them to
search out their king, and to exhorte him to come thither: and that in so doing, he woulde
be his friende, and profer him peace, beeside many other benefits. But if he refused to come
it shuld turne to the destruction of him and his, and vttcr subuersion of his countrey. And
that they might the more assuredly do this message to Chiapes, he sent with them certayne
of the guides which came with him from Quarequa. Thus Vaschus, beeing perswaded
aswel by the Quarequans, who coulde roniecture to what end the matter would come, by
the cxjierience which they had scene in fhemscliics and their king, as also by the rea-
sons of his owne men, to whom Vaschus had made suche friendly promises in his be-
halfe, came foorth of the caucs in the which lice lurked, and submitted himselfe to Vas-
chu.s, who acce])tcd him friendly. They ioyncd hands, embraced the one the other, made
a perpctuall league of friendshippe, and gauc great rewardes on both sides. Chiiipcs
gauc Vaschus foure hundred poundes weyght of wrought golde, of those poundes which
they call Pesus, and Vaschus recompcnced him agayne with certayne of our thinges. Thuj
being made fricndcs, thev remained together a fcwe dayes, vntil Vaschus souldiers wcrt
come, which he left behind him in Quarequa. Then calling vnto him the guides and
labourers whiche came with him from thence, hee rewarded them liberally, and disniis.se(l
them with thank*. Shortly after, by the conduct of Chiapes himselfe, and certayne (i
his men departing from tlie toppcs of the mountaines, hee came in the spare of fonrc
daves to the bankes of the newe sea : where assembling all his menne together, with the
kinges scribes and notaries, they addicted a'l that mayne sea with all the laiides adiareni
thereunto, to the dominion and Jwnpire of Ca>tile. Here hee left parte of his souldiers wild
(M)iapes, that he myght the caselycr search those c<>a>tc^. And faking witli him nieiie if
their Ivghfers made of one whole tree (which they call C^ulchas, as the inhabitants of llis-
paniola call them Canoas) & also a bande of fourescore men, with ccrtaine of Cliiapes men,
he passed o'.irr a great riutr, and came to the region of a cerlainc king whose name wa^(',.
quera. He attempted to resist our men as did tlie other, and with like snccesse : for hc\v.>
ouercome and put to liight. But N'aschus, who enfended to winne him with gentlcitc-.(,
sent certayne Chiapeans to him, to declare the great power of our men, howe inuincibic tlu'v
were, howe mercifull to such as submit themselues, al-o cruell and scucrc to such as obsiinai!,
withstand them : Promising him furthermore, that bv the Iriendshijj of our nu", he might l;!
wel assured by the example of other not onlv to line in peace and quietnes himselfe, inii
also to be reuenged of the iniuries of liis enemies: W'vlling him in conclu-^ion so to wii:;!!
the matter, that if he refused this gentlenes profered vnto him bv so great a \i( tourer, he
shoul<l or it were long learne bv feeling, to repent him too late of tiiat perill wliiih hie
might haiie auoyded liy hearing. Cnqiiera with these wi nis and examples, shaken wiiii
great fcare, came gladly with the messengers, i)ringing with him. <i.'i(). INno, (if wniii;;h[
golde, which hee gaiie \nto our men. Vaschu-s rewarded him like\vi-.e, a-^ we sayde hoi, re
of Pondin. Coqiiera being thus ])acilicd, they returned to the pallare of Cliiapes, where.
\ i»ifyng their companions, and resting there a while, Vaschus determined to searche the ncx:
great guife, the whiche, from the furthest reaching thereof into the lande of their countr. \e-,
from the enteranre of the mavne sea, they say to lie three niyles. This thev named .Sain:
Michaels gulfe, which tiiey -ay to bee ful of inhabited llaiides and luigioiis rockes Ktitnii.;
therefore into the nine iioaies of Culcha<, wherewith hee parsed oner the ryuer I)eeh>r(,
hauing also with the same coinpaMie of fuirescore whole men, he went forwarde on hi> pur-
pose, although hee were greatly disswaded by Ciiiajies, who earnestly de.sircd him ni.t t,i

alti'ni[>i

The thirde Decade.

TRAFFIQ.UES, AND DISCOUERIES.

257

attempt tliat voyage at that time, affirming the guife to bee ho tempestious and stormic three
monethes in the ycere, that the sea was there by no meanest nauigable, and that he had scene
many Ciilchas deuoured of whirlepoolcs, eiicn before his eyes. But iniiinciblc Vaschus, im-
patient of idlenesse, and voydc of all fcare in Gods causes, answered that God and his holy
saintes would prosper his entcrpryses in this case, forasmuchc as the matter touched God,
and the defence of the Christian religion, for the mayntcnauncc whereof, it shoulde beo
neccssaric to hauc abundance of riches and treasure, as thesincwes of warre against the ene-
mies of our faith. Thus vsing also the oflice both of an oratour and preacher, and hauing
pcrswaded his companions, hec lunched from the landc. But Chiapcs, least Vasrhus should
any thing doubt of his faithfulncssc towarde him, proffered himscH'c to goe with him whythcr
soeucr hce went, and woulde by no meancs assent that Vasciuis hlioulde depnrte from his pa-
lace, but that he woulde bring him on the way, and take jiartc of his fortune, Thcrfore,
assoonc as they were now entred into the maine sea, such sourges &: conflittes of water arose
agaynst them, that they were at their wittes endc, whither to turne tiiem, or where to rest.
Thus being tossed and amased with feare, the one looked on the other with pale & vncheare-
full countenances, but especially Chiapes and his company, who had before time with their
eyes scene the experience of those icopardies, were greatly discomforted (yet as God woulde)
they escaped all, and landed at the next llande, where, making fast their boates, they rested
there that night. Here the water so encreased, that it almost ouerflowed the llande. They
say also, that the South sea doth so in maner boyle and swcl, that when it is at the hyghest,
it doth couer many great rockcs, which at the fall thereof are scene farre abouc the water.
But on the contrary parte, all such as inhabite the North sea, affirme with one voyce, that it
scarcely ryseth at any tyme a tubite abouc the banks, as they also confesse whiche inhabite
the llande of Hispaniola, and other Ilandcs situate in the same. The llande therefore being
nowe dr^e by the fall of the water, they resorted to their boates, which they found all ouer-
whclmed, and ful of sandc, & some sore bruised with great ryftes, and almost lost by rea-
son their cables were broken : such as were bruised, they tyed fast with their girdles, with slippes
of the barkes of trees, and with tougii and long stalkes of ccrtayne hearbes of the sea, sfop-
])ing the ryftrs or chinkes with grassc, according to the present necessitie. Thus were they
enforced to rcturne backe agayne, like vnto men that came from shipwracke, being almost
consumed with huni;er, bcccausc tiieir victualles were vtterly destroyed by tempest. The
inhahitauntcs declared that there is hearde all the yeere horrible roring of the sea among
those Ilandes, as often as it riseth or fallcfh, but this most especially in those three monethes
ill the whiche it is most boystnuis, .ns Chiapes told V'aschus before, meaning (as they could
coiiiciture by his words) October, Nouember, and December: for hce signified the present
moonc, it the two moones following, countyng the monethes by the moone, whereas it was
nowe October, lleerc therefore refreshing hiinselfe and his souldiers a while, and passing
by one ynproritabic king, he came to another, whose name was Tumaccus, after the name of
the region, beeing situate on that side of the guile. This Tumaccus came foorth agaynst
our men, as did the other, and with like fortune : for he was ouercome, dryuen to flight,
and many of his men slaine. He himselfc was also sore wounded, b\it yet escaped. Vaschus
sent fcrfayne messengers of the Chiapians to him, to rcturne, and not to be afraide : but he
coulde be nothing moued, neyiher by promises, nor threafninges : yet when the messengers
were instant, and ceased not to threaten death to him and his familie, with the vtter desola-
tion of his kingdome, if he ])crsisied in that ob-itinacie, at the length hec sent his sonne
with them, whom Vaschus honourably entertcining, apparelling him gorgiously, and giuing
him many giftes, sent him to his father, willing him to perMwacle him of the puissance, mii-
nititcnce, liberaliti'e, humanitie, and clemencie of our men. Tumaccus beeing mooued by
this gentlenesse declared towarde his sonne, came with him the thirde d.iy, bringing nothing
with him at that time. But after that hee knewe that our mennc desired golde and pearles,
hce sent for sixe hundred and fourtecne Pesos of golde, and two hundred and fourtie of the
byggest and fayrest pearles, beside a great number of the small sort. Our mcnne marueyled
at the byggenes and fayrcnes of these pearles, although they were not perfectly white, be-
voL. V. LI cause

Riclicj aif ihf
sinrwcsuf w.trre.
'i'lit I'aythfulnef
ul' kini^ Ctiiapes.

A tempest on
the sea.

The intreaiing
of the South >ei.

The North
Ocean.

Hard shift in
neceuitie.

The region
Timidccj.

King TumKCU!
is (Iriuen to

flisht.

Guide and
pearles.

• {

r .(

Vf't'Sf

■ ' ■ ' J ■■

1.;

)l:.:.l

q.i

'Mi' ,' »i

L) .

h', I

J »«

258

Musdei of the

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

Ttte thirde Decade.

Ftahing for
peirlei.

Theihiiitf of
goldc.

Ambition
among niked
men.

A king of

gitair power.

Big prirles.

Cleopatr:!,

queinr of Iif,ii'(,
dcsolucd .1 pr.ttle
in viiict;ri and
drunker il.
1'rn.c imp thcii-
tindc pounjc uf
our money.

*1 '

cause they take them not out of the sea muscles, except they first rest them, that they may
the easelyer open them selfe, and also that the fishe may haue the better tast, whiche they
esteeme for a delicate and Princely dishe, and set more thereby, then by the pearlea them-
Helues. Of these thinges I was eiifourmcd of one Arbolantius, being one of Vaschus com.
panions, whom hce sent to the king with many pearles, and certayne of those sea muscles.
But when Tumaccus sawe that our men so greatly regarded the beautie of the pearles, he
commanded ccrlayne of his men to prepare themselues to goe a fishing for pearles : Who cle.
parting, came agayne within foure dayes, bringing with them tweluc pounde weight of orient
pearles, after eight ounces to the pounde. Thus reioycing on both parties they embrascd,
and made n league of continuall friendship. Tumaccus thought himselfc happie that he had
presented our men with such thankefull gyftes, and was admitted to their friendship, and our
men thinking themselues happie and blessed that they haddc found such tokens of great
riches, swallowed downc their spittle for thirst. At all these dooingcs, king Chiapes waj
present, as a witncssc and companion, lie also reioyccd not a little aswell that by his con<
ducting he snwc that onr men shnulde bee satisfied of their desire, as also that by this meanes
hee haddc declared to the next king his borderer and enemie, what friends hee hadde of our
men, by whose aydc hce might line in quiefnes and bee reuenged of his aduersarie, if necde
shoiilde so require. For (as wee haue sayde) these naked kinges infest themselues wii(,
grieiious warres, onely for ambition and desire to rule. Vaschus boasteth in his epistle, that
he learned ccrlayne maruelous secretes of Tumaccus himsclfe, as concerning the great richer
of this lande, whereof (as he sayth) he would vtter nothing at this prc-scnt, forasmuchea*
Tumaccus toide it him in hiseare. Bui he was enfourmed of both the kinges, that there i<
an Uande in that gulfe, greater then any of the other, hauing in it but onely one king, ami
him of so great jiower, that at suche times of the yeere as the sea is ealme, he innadcih
their dominions with a great nauie of Culchas, spoiling and carving away for a praie all tliii
he mectcth. This Ilande is distant from these coastes, only twentic miles : So that the pro.
montories or pointcs thereof, reaching into the sea, may be scene from the hilles of i|)j<
continent. In the sea nccre about this Ilande sea muscles arc engendred, of such quantiiic
that many of them are as brode as bucklers. In these arc pearles foundc (being the haric>
of those shell fishes) oftentimes as biggc as beanes, somfinie« big;;er then Oliucs, and suchf
as sumptuous Cleopatra might haue desired. Altjjough this Hand be so necrc to the shore t|
this (irmc lande, yet is the beginning thereof in the maine sea, without the mouth of tlie
guile. Vaschus being ioyful and mery with this rich communication, lluKa-iing nowi- in
mancr nothing but princes treasures, bcganne to speak fierce and cruell uoordes against ihc
tirant of that Hand, meaning hereby to winne the mindes of the other kingc-i, and hinde
them to him with a neercr bonde of fricndeship. Yet therefore railing further im him with
spitefull and opprobrious wuordes, he swore great othes, that he wouldc forthwith inuade ilu
Ilande, spoiling, destroying, burning, drowning, and hanging, sparing neither swoordc m r
fire, vntill he had reuenged their iniuries: and there with commaunded his Culchas to he w
a readines. But the two kings, Chiapes and Tumaccus, exhorted him frieiully to defer ilu-
enterprisc, vntil a more quiet season, because that sea was not nauigabie without <;r(.it
danger, being nowc the beginning of Noucmber : Wherein the kinges seemed to s.iie Iriif
For as Vaschus him sclfc writeth, great roring of the sea was heard among the Hands of il.i
gulfe, by reason of the mging and conflict of the water, (ireat riuers also, dcscenilini; li n
the toppes of the mounfaines the same time ot the yeere, and ouerdouing iluir h.\"W-.
driuing downc with their vinjenee grcatc rorkes and trees, make, a marueilons noise. like-
wise the furie of the South and Northeast windcs assoi iate with thunder and lightning' u ihp
same season, did greatly molest ihem. While the weather was faire, they were vexed in I'c
night with colde, and in the d.iy time the heate of the sunnc troubled tlicin, whereof it i-. lu
maruaiic, for asmuch as they were neerc vnto the Kquinoctial l\ne, altliough tlu y niaU- im
mention of the cleuation of the pole, for in such regions, in the night the .Moone and dilur
colce pianettes, but in the day the Sunnc and other hottc pianettes, doe chiefelv e\(i(i-i
their influence, although the aniiquitic were of an other opinion, supposing the Lqiiini)(ii.Ll

ciriie

§) '. ' h

w*-*"

The thirde Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

859

circle to bee vi)habit.ible and desolate, by reason of the heate of the xunne, hauing his course
perpendicularly or directly oiicr the same, except a fewe of the contrary opinion, whose as-
sertions the Portiigalcs hauc at these dayes by experience prooucd to be true : for they sayle
ycrrly to the inhabitants of the South pole, being in mancr Antipodes to the people culled
Ilypcrborci vndcr the North pole, and exercise niarchandize with them. And here haue I
named Antipodes, forasmuch as I am not ignorant that there hath bin men of singular witte
nnd >,'rtiit learning, which haue denyed that there is Antipodes, that is, such as walkc feete
(o fcrtc. But it is certayne, that it is not giuen to any one manne to knowc all thingcs, for
ciicii they also were men, whose propertie is to erre, and be dcceiued in many thingcs.
Ncurrthelcsse, the Portugales of our time, haue saylcd to the flue and fyftie degree of the
South pole: where, compassing about the poynt thereof, they might see fhroughcut all the ''"'"'""" .
heaiien about the same, certeine shinmg white cloudes here and there among the starrcs, like pole,
vnto them which arc scene in the tract of heauen called Lactca via, th;it is, the mylkc white
way. They say, there is no notable star.'C ncere about that pole, like vnto this of ours,
whiihe the common people thinkc to bee the nole of it selfe (called of the Italians Tramon-
lana, and of the Spanyardes Nortcs) but thai the same falleth beneath the Ocean. When Aiimiiitudede-
tiie Sun descendeth from the myddcst of the axiltree of the worlde from vs, it ryscth to l^"lf ^""*
tliem, as a payre of ballances, whose wcyght enclining from the cquall poyse in the myddest
towardc eyther of the sides, causcth the one end to rysc as much as the other falleth. When
therefore it is Autumne with vs, it is spring time with them, and sommer with vs, when it is
w) liter witli them. But it sufficeth to hauc sayde thus much of strange matters. Let vs now
therfore rcturne to the historie, and to our men.

Tlie seconde Chapter of the thirde Decade.

VAschus by the aduice of king Chiapes & Tumaccus, determined to defer his voyage to
the sayd Ilande, vntill the next spring or sommer, at which time, Chiapes oflcred himselfe
to accompany our men, and ayde them therein all that he might. In this meane time, Vas-
cluis hadde knowledge that these kings had nettes and fishing places in certaine stations of
th.it sea neere vnto the shore where they were accustomed to fishe for sea muscles, in the The miner of
which pearles arc eiigendred, and that for this purpose they had certaine dyuers or fishers, pllj"//'"
cxerci.sed from their youth in swimming vnder the water. But they doe this onely at certaine
times when the sea is calme, that they may the easier come to the place wher these shel fishes
are wont to lie: for the bigger that they are, so much lye they the deeper & neercr to the
boftoc : but the lesser, as it were daughters to the other, are neercr the brimme of the water:
likewise the lest of all, as it were their nieces, are yet neerer to the superficiall part thereof.
To them of the biggest soric which lie lowest, the fishers discend the depth of three mens
height, & sometime foure, but to the daughters or nieces, as their succession, they discend
oncly to the midde thygh. Sometinies also, after that the sea hath bin disquieted with vehe-
ment tcmpcstes, they find a great multitude of these fishes on the sandes, being dryuen to
tiie shore by the vyoience of tiie water. The pearles of these, which are found on the sande,
are but litle, the fish it selfe, is more pleasant in eating, then are our oysters, as our men re-
port : But perhaps hunger, the sweete sause of alt meatcs, caused our men so to thinke.
Whether pearles be the hartes of sea muscles (as Aristotle supposed ) or the byrth or spawne
of their iiitrals (as Plinie thought) or whether they cleaue continually to the rockes, or wan-
der by companyes in the sea by the guiding of the eldest, whether euery fish bring forth
one pearle or more, at one birth, or at dyuers : also whether they be filled from the rockes
whcrcunto they cleaue, or may bee easely pulled away, or otherwise fall of by themselues
when they are come to their full grouth: Lykevvi.-.c whether pearles bee harde within the
shell, or soft, our men haue as yet no certaine experience, but I trust or it bee long to know
the tnicth hereof: for our men arc cuen now in hande with the matter. Also, as soone as I
shall bee aducrtised of the arryuall of Petrus Arias the captayne of our menne, I will desire P«™s -^'n*
him by my letters to make diligent search for these thinges, and certifie me thereof in all
poyntcs. I knowe that hee will not be slacke or omit any thing herein, for hee is my verie

L 1 2

friende,

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VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tlie Ihlrde Decade.

The fiitiii));
fhcc ol' Kiiif
Chiii'iti.

(•v.ld in miDtr
in riiery houlf
The rich irci-

friende, and one that takcth ^reat pleasure in considering the works of nature. And mirely
it Mcemeth vnto mec vndecent, that we tthouldc with nilcncc oucrslyppe so i;rcat a thing,
Wjntoti .iiij iu> which aswell in the ohic time, as in our dayes, hath and yet doth, drnwe both men and wo.
j.eiKuuu, pi»- ^^^ j^ jj^^ immoderate desire of superfluous pleasure. Spayne therefore shall bcc able
hereafter with pcarles to satisfic the greedie appetite of such as in wanton plearfUrcs arc like
vnto Cleopafra and Asopus : So that from henceforth wee shall iicythcr cnuie nor reuerciicc
the nice fruitcfulnesse of Stoidum, or Taprobana, or the red sea. But let vs now rcturne to
our purpose. Vaschus therefore determined with the fishers of Chiapcs, to prouc wl^at might
bcc done in hin fishe pooIe or stations of sea muscles. Chiapcs to shcwc himsclfc <)bediriit
tn V.-ischus his request, although the sea were boystcrous, commanded thirlie of his fishers
to prepare themsclues, and to resort to the fishing places. Vaschus sent oncly sixc of his
tncnne with them, to beholde them from the sea bankes, but not to rominilte themsclues to
the daunger of the sea. The fishing place was distaunt from the pallacc of Chiapcs about
tennc myles. They durst not aduenture to dyuc to the boltome, by reason of the furic of
the sea : Yet of the muscles whiche lye hyghest, and of suchc as were dryuen to the shore hv
the violence of the water, they brought si xe great fardclles in the space of a fewc dayrs,
The pearles of these were but little, about the byggenesse of small fytches : yet vcrie
fayre and beaulifull by reason that they were taken newcly out of the iishe, bceing yet
rawe. And that they shouldc not be rcproucd of lying, as concerning the bignessc of
these sea muscles, they sent many of them into .Spaine to the king, with the pearlcs,
the fishe being taken out : We thinke verily that there may in no place bigger be fouiulc.
These shel fishes therefore being thus founde here in so many places in that sen, .mj
gold in maner in cuery house, doe argue the riche trcasuric of nature to be hidde In
those » oastes, forasmurhe as i,rcat riches haue ben founde, as it were in the litle linrir
lury of nature. ,)f ^ giauntcs liands. What then may wc thinke of the whole handc of the giaunf (In:
hitherto they haue onlie benne in hande witli the confines of Vraba) when they shall h.nio
throughlic searched all the foastes and secretes of the inner partes of all that large lancK'i
But Vaschus contented with the-e signcs, and ioyfiiil of his good succcs.se in these en-
The joide mine! tcrprises determined by another way f" rcturne to his fclowcs in Dariena, where also thcv
' haue gnlilc nunes, ;ihout tennc miles from the village. He gaue thcrclore king Cliiapi,

Ic.Ttic to (le|)art, and to folowc him no further, counsaiiing him to continue faithful vnto i|,c
Cliri-iti.in king his b.rdc iV maislcr. Thus embracing the otic the other, & ioyning iiaiidc-,
Chiapcs ilcparti'il with tiMrcs, <lc( !:iring the go( d minde which he bore to our men. \'a<.-
rhiis leaning liis sickc men with C'lii.ipcs went forward on his iourncy with the residue, li.ii|.
ing also with him for guides three o| Ciiiapcs Mariners. lie conucighcd his armie oticr ,,
great riuer, in to the iloininitin of a certainc king called Teaocha, who being aduerliNcd if
the comining of our me i, of whovc famous actes he had hearde muche befiire, w.is vcn
glad flicrcof, and cntcTlcincd them lionourabK, so that for a token of iiis friendly all<iiii;i»
towardc liicni, he uatie Wisdais tweniic pounds waight of wrought golde, after eight <'uii(i>
to the poimdc : also two luindrcd bigge pearles, but not (aire, by re.ison they v.ve tukr:i
out of the niiis( les after they had ben .sodden. After they had ioyned handes, N'aschiis rc-
eonipenccd him wiili certainc of our thinges : likewise rewarding his ^rnidcs the seruiiiiis
of ('hia])es, lie disniissed them witli c< nimendalions to their lord. King Teaoc lia, at tliedc-
jiarlure of our nun from liis p.illace, did not only a|)|)oint them guides to coiulnet iliciii :i
the way, but also gaue tlu'in certainc siaucs, in the steede of beastes to cary their ^illlla;^
bec.iusc tiiey should passe tltroiigji many <lcsartes, barren and rough inountaines and terrible
woods full of 'rii;( rs ard I. ions. He sent also one of his sonnes \Nith these slaues, lacliiii;
them with salted ai:d dried (ishe, iKi brc.id of those rct^ions, madi- of tin* rootes of Maizium
and lufca. He also conimauntU'd his sonne not to depart from our nu-n, vntil he were I-
censed by \ ascliiis. IJy their eonclniling therfore, Vaschus came to the dominion ol .1:1
other king, who«e name was Pacra, a eniel tyrant, fcarefull to the other kiiiges his bordrr-
ers, and of greater power then any of them. This tyrant, whether it were that his giiili e
con.scicncc, for his mischciuous actes, put him in fcarc that our men would rcuciige iht

saiiu-,

of Dariena.

KingTeaotlu
cntertcir,.-lh
Vaichus
friendly.

Twenty-pound
wcii^l't nf
wruiight guld.

Pnartri ful of
uiljr bi-astc*.
Dried fitlie.

K'ini Picri a
tirauitt.

I • • n

TIte thirde Decade.

TIIAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

«61

same, or that he thouj^Iit himflrlfe inrcriour to rcswt them, fled at their comminj?. VnichuR Ort«ih«it. in
writc'th, that in these rcRioiis in tlie month of Noucmber, he was Borc nfflictctl with Rfca' NouTX'r! °'
hcate and infollerable thirst, by reaNon that side of the mountaines hath little water ; Inso-
much that they were in daun^er to haiie perished, but that certninc of thinhabitantes shewed
them of a sprmg, which was in the secret place of a wood, whither Vaschun with all spccdc
sent two quickc & »ttrnng \ounj( men of his companionn, with their gourdes, and Hucn wa-
ter vcosel* as Tcaocha hi:* men brought with them. Of thrnhabitanten, there duntt none de-
part from their company, becaune the wild beasts do sonnc inuade naked men : For in those
mountaines, and especially in the woods nearc vnto the spring, they Nay tiut they are som-
timcs taken out of their houses in the night, except (hey take good heede that the doores """ /"Y wu*
be well spardc. It shal not be from my purpose hecrc to declare a perticular chaunce, be-
fore I enter any further in this matter. Thry say therl'orc, that the last ycrre the region of
IXiriena was no Icsse infested and troubled with a fierce Tiger, then was Calidonia in time ^J'*";
past with, a wild Hoore, and Nemca with a horrible I,ion. For they affirmc that for the space foJr'csu's'cot.
ofsixe whole monethes, there passed not one night without some hurt done: so that it killed '^"'''•
nightly either a Bullocke, a Nlare, a Dogge, or a Hogge, and sometimes euen in the high wood in oree«.
waies of the village : For our men hanc nowe great heardes of cattel in those regions. They
say also, th it when this Tiger had whelpes, no man might safclie goc foorth of his doores, Tigen wiwipes.
because shec spared not men, if shoe metie (irste with them. But at the length, necessitie
enforced them to iiuient a pbcie how ihey myght be reucnged of suche bloodshed. .Search-
ing thcrfore diligently her foote slcppes, and i'ollowing the pathe whereby shee was accus- T''""*'' ^I'P*
tomed in the night season to wander out of her denne to sceke her praye, they made a codliei! ' "^
great trenchc or pyt in her walke, roueriug the same with hurdels, whereupon they cast
part of the earth, ami dispearsed the residue. The doggo I yger chaunced first into this pit- The doggf
fall, and fel vpon the poynts of sharpc stakes, and such other engins as were of purpose 'ys" '•''""•
fyxed in the bottoire of the trench. Being thus wounded, he rorcd so terribly, that it Thnorinjof
grated the bowelles of such as henrde him, and the woodes and mountaynes neare about re- '•'"ys"-
bounded the noysc of the horrible cry. When they perceiued that he was layd fast, they
resorted to the Irenche, and slue him with stones, dartes and pykes. With his teethe and
clawes hee brake the d.irfes into a ihousaiulc chyppes. Becing yet dead, hee was feareliill
to all such as beheU'e him : what then tliinke you he would haue doone beeing alyue and
loose ? One lohannes Ledisma of ("iuile, a ncere friend to Vaschus, and one of the com-
panions of his traua^'es, tolde mee that hoc himselfe did eate of the flesh of that Tyger, TyntniUih
and that it was nothing inferiourto beel'e in goodnesse. Being demanded howe they knewe "'"'
it to bee a Tyger, forasmucli as none of thcin had euer scene a Tyger : they answered that
they knewe it by the spottes, (iercenc-^se, agilitie, and such other luarkes and tokens where-
by aiincient writers haue tlescribed the Tyger. For some of them had before time seene
other spotted wilde bca>tes, n-^ I.ibankN and Panthers. The dogge Tyger being thus killed, Tht biicht
thcv following the trase of his steppes towarde the mount.iynes, came to the denne where '>5"-
the bitche remayned with her two youn'^ sucking whelpes. But shee was not in the denne
at their «omnting. They (irste caryed awaic tiie whelpes with them. But aftcrwardes, fear- Tynnwiuifcs.
ing least they shoulde dye beecnise thcv were young, cntending when they were bigger to
send them into .Spavne, ihey put rheynes o( iron about their ntckes, and caryed them agayne
10 their denne : whilher returning within a fcwe (l;i\es after, thcv foiuxle the denne emptie,
and their ( heynes not remoued from their place. They supposed that the damme in her Asirji^jf riin.
fiirie tore them in pceces, and rirscd them away, least any should h:iue the fruition of them.
For they playncly alTirme, th:it it w.as not jxi-isible that they shoulde bee loosed from the
chaynes aliue. The skinne of the dead T\gcrstufled with drie hcarbcs and strawe, they
sent to Ilispaniola, to the Admirall, and other of the rhiefe rulers, from whome the newo
landes rcceiue their lawes and -uicoiir. It shall at this time snfl'ice to haue written thus
inuche of the Tygers, .is I haue learned by rejiort of fliem whii h bi>th susteined doniage bv
t icir rauening, and also h.indlcd the skinne of that which was slavne. Let vs nowe tlicrc-
forc returne to king I'acra, from whom wc haue digressed. When Vaschus had eiilrcd into Km-p,."-.

the

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VOYAGES. NAUIOATfON^

jf7ir thInU Decade

N'aturiU liatrttl
ol viwc.

Foiirr kintei dr*-
uouriitul'm>||{<ri<

The vwof
(loftgrs II) rhf
wjiif .iif. 'nil
lUkeJ riuti*

thr C«nibalei
•re ripcrt tr*
chcn*

Swonrdf s uf
WtHHi.

Fiftie pound
wright uf nold.

King Il'inuni-
«ni«, (I cd (o thr
ClirrktiJIIS.

Wiuut;f»t gold.

The oration of
KtngBoiiontinij.

Thrsp^rkfof
tltr Ijwr iif iia-
turr, II (hr la^«e
wtirtrn in the
ti4rutul men.

rhc hoiwcii Toniakcn of Pacra, he sent mcwcngrr-* to rccocilf him in hf had «lnne the other
kingCH. At the llrnt he rcfiwd to comr hut itlicr thrcatniiigcs he came, v/ith three other
kingCit in hi» company. Vaschiw writcth, that he ncuor »*awe a more monMruoiiM & dj.
fourmed creature, and (hat nature hath only giuen him humane shape, and otherwme to boc
woive then a bruite ben<*t, with manner'* according to tlie liniameiile'4 o> hi<« hodie. Ilcf
abused, with miwt abhnminablc lechery, the daughters of f«mrc kingn hin bordererx, fronj
wliom he haddc taken them by violence. Of the lillhie bechauiour of I'acra, of his crucltic,
and iniurieM done by him, many of the other kingeii made gririioux complaynlCM to VaMchu^, as
vnto a hvgh ludge, and iuMt reuenger, nvM humbly bcxreching him toHi-e Huche thinge** piinyHh-
ed. forasmuche a«» ihcy tooke liim for a nun nent of (iod for that purp<i<ic. Ileereupon Va-clmi,
nswell to winne their good willoM, a-tnlto to f«hcwe an ivampU' of terroiir loxtichc a* VNed lil^c
fa.xhionx, commaunded that thiimoMHlrousbcaHt, with the other three kinge» whiche were Hiih.
iectc to him, and of like conditions, xhouldc bee giuen fur a |)ray to hit* ligliting dogge^i, ami
their tome carkasemo bee burned. Of thc^e doggcn whii he iliry vsc in the warren, they till
marucloun thinges for they say, that they riinne vppon the inhabitaunlen armed after their
manner, with no lesse fiercenesse, then if they were Ilartes ,.r wilde bore*, if the Spanyardi^
doe but onely poynt towarde them with their fingers: in'«>iiiiuhc lluit ofientimeit they huuc
hadde no nee<le to driuc their enemicH to (light with swoordex or arrowes, but haue dixnie
the same only with dogges, placed in the forefront of their batt.iite, and letting them Hlip|)c
with their watche woorde and priuie token : whereupon the barbarians sirii ken with feare,
by reason of the cruell counlenanciH of their ma^tieK, with their desperate boldeneitse, and
vnarcusiomed howling and barking, haue disparckled at the lirst onnctte and brake their
array. Yet it chauncelh otherwise when they haue any condicte against the Canibalex, and
the people of C'aramairi : for these arc Hereer and more warlike men, also so expert archer*,
that they can m<iste certainely direct their venemous arrowes against the <logges, with niuhe
celeritie as if they were thunderboltes, by reason whereof, tiiey iiomeiimes kill many of them,
Thinhabitauntes of these mountaines doo not keepe wnrre with bowes and arrowes, but \hc
only Macanis, that is, ceriaine long and bmde swoonles made of wood, aUo slinges, loim
pikes, and darfes, hardened at the endcs with lire. While king l'a( ra \ct lued, no ni.in
coulde knowe of him, neither by fairc ineanes imr by fowlc, where he hail the golilc whi{ he
was founde in his house : for our men I'ounde in his iewcll house fiftie poundes waighlnf
golde. Being therfore dcmaiinded where he had it, he aunswered, that they whi( h geathcred
the same in those miuintiiines in his fathers daies, were all dead, and that sincehewiisa
(hilde, he neuer oteemed goldc more then sli'ties: More then this they coulde not get uf
him. By this MUiTc punishment executed vpon I'.icra, Vaschusconcih-d vnto him the mimic,
of all the other kingcs of that prouinee, and by this me.ines it came to pas-c, that when l\c
sent for the ^il ko men whidie he UTi behinde him with king Cliiapcs, another king ulnclic
was in the niiiide way, (^\v|k»c n;Mne wa.s Hononiinia) enterleined iheni yentlcly, and ;;,iu(;
them twcniie poiindc wii^ht of pun' wri iijht guide, beside great plentie ol' vii tu.illr,.
And not this onlye, but aUo accompanii'd tiieni him seKV, Miiill he h.id brought them snIcK
from his pallaee, into the duminion of I'aera, where taking <mi!i of ihcm by the right h.iiiilis
he ileliuered them to Vasehii>. him >.elfe, as a I'.iithfiill pliilge ci mmillid to his charge, and
therewith spake to Vaschus in this etVeele : .Mo»te inigluie and \aliaunt \iclourer, beliouldi-,
I hecre di liner \nto you, your i-ompanions in .-tii h pliiiht as I neeiucd thcjo : wishing; tlui
1 had ben aswell able to '^iue them health, as ihev were hartily weltome to buehe poore en-
fcrtainemeni as I was able to shewe ihcm. Tor the fauoure and gentlenesse whiihe I liaiir
founde both in you and them, ha shall rewardeyou whiche senJeth thundering and lighinin;'
to the destruction of inixcheuous men, and of his clemencie giueth vnto good men pleiiiic
of lucca and Mai/ium in due season. As he spike these woordes, he lifted \p his handcs.in ',
cies towarde the Siinne whom they honi nr as (iod. I'lien he spake fnrtlier to \'asihii>,
saying, In that you haue destroied and >.,i!nc our violent and |)roude enimies, you li.ac
brought peace and (|iiictncsse to vs and our families, and bouiide vs for euer to joue and
obey you. You haue so oucriomc and taincd wildc monsters, that wc thinke you to bee sent

friiin

^y\

The Ihirde Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIF.S.

Or<iipl<iiiy ul
|olil«.

A timililuilt foi
llie jiiote ut
l>Uuu< of («Mt.

Trom hratien. for the puniihemrnl of ruill mrn, ami dcrcncc of innncenteM, that viulcr the
protection of your mightic Hwonrdr, wc may hcrcalicr lende our liuea without fcurc, and
with more nuictnetinc giuc thankcm to the giiicr of all good thinKCM, for hin mcrcic ahcwed
vnto »• in inia bchalfc. When the interprclour haddc tolde Vaachua that the kinjjt Hononiuna
had Miide the^e woordra, and hucIic like, VaNchuii rendered him like thankca for 'is humanitic
declared towanic our men, and rewarded him an he had doone other in wli. m he founde
like genilcnesHe. VaNchuM writcth, that he learned manic thinaea of thia kingc aa conccrn-
in]f the j»reat richeHic of these roj{ionH, but that he woulde at tni* present npcako nothing
thereof, and rehear^cth the same, as thinges like to haiic goo<l aucccttHC. What this implicate
Hiperbole, or aduannccment nicaneth, I do not well vnderstand, but he plainly scemcth
hereby to promise many great thinges. And surely it is to be thought, that according to
his hope, great riches may be lokcd for. For they came in mai.cr into none of thinhabitant*
houses, but that they founde in them either bresteplates or curettes of golde, or else golden
ouches, iewels, or garlandcs to wcarc about their heades, neckcx, or amies. I coniecture
thcrfore thus by a similitude of our houses: If amonge vs any men of great power were
moued with the desire to haiic great plentie of Iron, and woulde enter into Italie with a
maine force, as did the (inthes in time past, what aboundancc ol Iron shouldc he hauc in
their houses, whereas hcc shouide tinde in one place a fryingpan, in another a caldron, here
a triuct, and there a spittc, atid these in manner in euery poore mans house, with suche other
innumerable? whereby any man may coniecture, that Iron is plentifully cngendred in auche
regioiia where they hauc so great vse thereof. Our men also pcrceiued, that the inhabi-
tauntes of these regions do no more eateeme gold then we do Iron, nor yet so much, after
they saw to what vse iron serued vs. Thua much haue I thought good to write to your ho-
linease, of auche thinges as I haue gathered out of the letti-rsiof Vaschus Nunnez, and learned
by woorde of mouth of suche as were his companions in these aflTayreH. As we rcceiue
them, so wee giue them vnto you. Time, whichc reuealeth all secretes, shall hereafter mi-
nister larger argument of writing. They couldeat this time doe no great thing in searching
the golde mynes, forasmuche as of a hundred, fourcscore, and tennc men, which Vaschus
brought with him from Dariena, there remained only threescore and ten, or at the most
fourescore, whose ayd he now vscd in these dangerous aduentures, leaning euer the erased
men beeiiinde him in the kingcs houses all the way that hec went, but they most especially
fell into sundry diseases, which came lately from Hispaninia, for they were not able to abide
such calamities, as to line onely contented with the bread of those regions, and wilde hearbeo,
without salt, drinking none other then ryuer water, and that oftentimes eythcr lacking, or
vnwhoiesome whereas before their siomackes had bin vscd to j;ond meates. But the oldc oii vuuifri.
souldiersof Dariena, were hardened to abiile all sorrowes, & exceeding tollerable of labour,
healc, hunger, & watching, insomuch that merily they make their boast, that they haue
obserucd a longer & sharper Lent then euer your holinesse enioyned: for they say, that for Au-nifai.
the s|iacc of foure whole yeers they eate none other then hcarbes and fruitcs, except now
and then perhappes fys-he, and very scldome fleshe : yea, and that sometime for latke ol
all these, they haue not abhorred from mangie dogges and filthic toades, .ns wee hauc savdf
before. The olde souldiers of Dariena, 1 call those which first followed thecapt.-iines \icuc-a
iV: Fitgeila, to inhal)it the land, of tlie which nowc fcwe were lining. But let vs nowe omit
these thinges, and rcfurne to Va>chiis, the victourcr of the mounlayncs.

The thirde Chapter of the thirde Decide.

Wllcn V.isrlius had remained ihirtie daies in the p.dlace of king Pacra, coiiciling mUh
him the mimics of the inluliilaiils, & prouidiiig things necessary for his companions. As he
departed Irtmi tiiciite, by the «onduct of king iVaocha his men, and came to the bankc of
the ryuer C'omni gnis, whereof the region and king thereof, are named by the same name, t\uiu>s.i.s
he fduiidf the sides of the mounlayncs so rude and liarren, that tliere was nothing apt to
bee caUii. but wyKie rooics, and ccriauie vitplcasant fruitcs of trees. The kinges being T«opoot«
neere of blonde, inhabited this vnfortunute region, which Vaschus oucrpasscd with all spcedc, ^'"?"'

lor

Cluini|( o(dft<

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364

Deiittc).

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIOMS,

The ihirdc Decade,

Vrssf Is of goldf .

•cndcih \'a!chus
\TI. d)!>lirs uf
l^tilf goKtc.

Aies i.f Iron
nioif fStfcnicd
thtn any euldc.

for fcare of hunger. One of these poorc kinses was named Cotochua, and the other Ciuri-
zis: He tooke them both with him, to guide him the way, and dismissed Teaoi-ha his men
with victuals & rcwardcs. Thus for the space of three dayes, he wandered through many
desart woods, crai;gy mountayncs, and muddie marishes, full of such quamyres, that men
arc ortenfimcs swallowed vp in them, if they lookc not the more warily to their feete : also
throu'^h i)Iaces not frequented with resort of men, and such as nature hadde not yet opened
to their vsc, forasmuche as the inhahitauntes Iiaue seldome entercourse betweene ihem,
but onely by sundry incursions, the one to spoyle and destroy the other: being other-
wise contented to line onely after the law of nature, without all worldly toyle lor
superduoiis j)leasiires. Thus entryng at the length into the tcrritoric of another king,
wiiose name was Rcchebuea, they founde all t! i • i voydc and in silence: for the
king and his subiecfes were all fledde to the w(«)des. When Vaschus sent messen-
gers to fetchc him, hec did not onely at the tiist submit himselfe, but also pro.
misc his aide, with all that he might make : Protesting furthermore, that he ficddo
not for fcare that our men wouldc doo them iiiiurie, but tliat lie hid him selfc for
vcrie shame and griefo of minde, for that ho was not able to rereiue them honorablic.
according vnto their dignitie, because his store of vitpiles was consumed. Yet in a token
of obedience and friende.shippe, he sent our men many vesselles of golde, desiring tlicm
to accepte them as the gil'teofa friende whose good will wanted not in greater thingos,
if his abilifie were greater. Uy whiche woordes, the poore man seemed to insinuate that
he had ben robbed, and otherwise cruelly handled of his borderers, by reason whereof, our
men were enforced to departc from thence. more hungcrly then they came. As they wcni
forwarde tluTcfore, they espied ccrfaine naked men ccmming downc from a hill towarie
them. Vaschus commauiuled his armie to slay, and sent hi-s interpretours to them, to knowe
what they woulde haue. Then one of them, to whome the other seemed to giue reuereiicc,
s]>;ike in this cflect. Our lord niul king ('liiorisus, greeteih you well, willing vs to tlecl.iro
that he lienrde of voiir puissaimce, and venue, wherbv von h;uie subdued euili men, & re-
iiengoil the wronges doone to innocentes: For (he whielie y<nir ni>!)Ie faetes and iu>ifice, as
he lioil) honou; your finie, so wciilie he thinke him •*eiro most lirippic, if he might receiiic
you info his palace. iJiit, forasmuch as his fortune hath lien soeuill (as heiniputeth it) tli.i!
heing out of vour wav, vou haue ouerpassod him, he hath sent vou this golde, in token ol
his g. od will and IViendsliippe toward vou. .\nd with these woordes he tleliuered to
N'asrluis ihirtie dishes oi" pure golde, adding hereunto, that wiieii so eiier it shoidde pici.c
him to fake the paines to come to their king, he shoiiide reeeiue gieiter giftes. He deci.irdl
further, that a king whiche was tlnir borderer and mortnll enimie, was very riche in gnMc
and that in subduing of him, they shnulde both (diiainc great rirhesse. an«l also deliuer tlu";i
from daily vexations : whirlu- thing might easily be doone by their hcl|)e, because iii(\
knewe the (ountrev. Vasehus j)uf them in good comfort, and gaue them for rewarde nr-
taine Iron axes, whielie ihev mere esteemed then great heaps of gcdde. For thev haue liiilr
neede of golde, hauing luit the vsc of jiesiiferous monev : but he that may gette bi;t nv
axe or hatchet ihinkeih himselle richer then euer was C'rassiis. I'cr eiien these naked mn.
doe perceiue t'l.it an ;ixe is necessarie f(>r a ihousande vses, and eonCesse that golde is dexircil
onely for eertayne \aine and eneininale pleasures, as a thing whielie tiie life of tnanne nn\
l.uk<' without :iny inronueiiience : for our gliillonv and snperduous sumptunusnessc Ini'i
not vi't ('(MTiiptcd f'lein. Us reason wliereol", tiiey take it for no shiine to laeke eobanl'^ i :
])l,ile, whcrea-. the pride and wantonues-e of our time doth in m, Miner impute if to \sl'r
ignominie, to bee wiihouf that, wnereof bv nature wee haue no neede. Hut their rontriit.i-
tion with the lienefitcs of nnfure, doth plavnelv declare, that men may le.ade a free nmi
ha|)j)ye life without t.diles, (;il)h's (lotlu's, carpettes, napkins, and towels, with 'urhe oili
innumerable, whereof they liaiie no vse, except perhaps the kinnes lurnishe their liMr
with a fiwe golden vessels. lUit tlie common people dryue awav hunger witl) a pee(e it
their breade in tiie one lumd, iiiid a pecce of brnvled lyshe, or some kindeof fruite in the other
hande : for they eate flesh but seldome. When their fuigers are imbrued with any vnctimii^

incites

Tlu thirde Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERffiS.

865

mcates, they wype them cyther on the soles of their feete, or on their thyghcs, yea and
Doinctiniex on tlie sitins of their priiiie members, in ti>e steade of a nnpkin : and for this cause
do they oftentimes wash ihemselues in the riuers. Our mennc therefore went forwarde laden I'ltmy or joid '
with golde, but sore afflicted with hunger. Thus they came at the length to the dominion nij'',,"'"*'""''
of king Pocchorrosa, who fled at their comming. Here for the space of thirtic dayes, they
filled their emptie bellies with breadeof the rootesof Maizium, In the meanetime, Vaschus
gent for Pocchorrosa, who beeing allured with promises and fayre woordcs, came and sub-
mitted himselfe, bringing with him for a present fyfteenc poundes weyght of wrought golde,
and a fewe slaucs: Vaschus rewarded him as he hadde done other before. When hee was
mynded to depart, he was aducrtiscd, that he shoulde passe through tiie dominion of a cer-
taync king, whose name was Tumanama. This is hee whome the sonne of king Comogrus
declared to be of so great power, and fcarefull to all his borderers, and with whom many
of Commogrus familiars had bin captiue, but our men now perceiucd that they measured his
power by their owne : For their kinges are but gnattes (compared to Elephantes) in respect
to the power and policie of our men. Our men were also enfourmed by such as dwelt ncarc
about Tumanama, that his region was not beyonde the mountaynes as they supposed, nor
yet so rich in golde as young Commogrus had declared : Yet consulted they of his subdu-
ing, whiche they thought they might the easilicr bring to passe, because Pocchorrosa was his
mortall eneinie, who most gladly promised them his aduice and aydc herein. Vaschus
therefore, leaning his sicke men in the village of Pocchorrosa, tooke with him threescore of
his most valiant souldiers, and declared vnto them, how king Tumanama had often times a good idicir.
spoken proude and thrcatning woordcs agayn«t them : Likewise that it nowc stoode them in
haude of nccessitie to passe through his dominion, and that hee thought it best to set vpon
him vnwares. The souldiers consented to his aduice, and exhorted him to giue the aducn-
lure, promising that they would follow him whither soeucr he went. They determined ther-
fore to goe two dayes iourney in one day, that Tumanama, not knowing of their sodayne
comming, might haue no leysure to assemble an armie: and the thing came to passe cuen
as they had deuised. For in the first watch of the night, our menne, with the Pocchorrosians,
inuaded the village and pallacc of Tumanama, where they tookc him prysoner, suspecting
nothing let-sc. He had with him two young men, which hee abused vnnaturally, also foure-
score women, which he hudde taken violently from diuers kinges : likewise, a great number
,)f his gentlemen and subiectes were taken stragling in other villages neere about his pallace.
For their houses are not adherent together as ours bee, Leecause they are oftentimes troubled
with vehement whirlewindes, by reason of the sodayne changes and motions of the ayrc, Th< mum ef
raused by the influence of the pianettes, in the equalitic of the day and night, being there n'tJ^'h" euI^
in maner !)oth of one length throughout all the yeerc, forasmuch as they arc neere vnto the nocwu.
Equinoctiall lyne, as we haue saydc before. Their houses are made of trees, couered, and
after their manner thatched with the stalkes of certayne rough hearbes. To the pallace of
Tumanama, w.ns onely one house adherent, and that euen as bygge as the pallace it seife.
Eyther of these houses were in length a h-.ir.died and twentie paces, and in breadth fiftie
paces, as our men measured them. In these two houses the king was accustomed to mu?ter
his mennc, .ns often as he prepared an armie. When Tumanama therefore was thus taken
captiue, with all his Sardanapnnicall f;imilie, the Pocchorrosians bragged and threatened him,
being nowc boundc, that he should shortly be hanged: the other kinges also his borderers,
reioyced at his misfortune. Whereby our mennc perceiucd that Tumanama was no lesse
troublesome to his neighboures, then was Pacra to the kinges of the Souih side of tlie moun-
taynes. \'js(hus also the belter to please them, threatned him griciK iisiy, but in dcede
entcndcd no euill tnwardes him. lie spake thcrfore sharply vnto hlni with ihcsc woordes : ^'••t'lmiii'
Thou shall nowovudcr punishment thou rriicll tyrant, for thy pride :iiid abhominations. ^^^j",^",'^'"''
Thou sliait know of what power the Ciiristians arc, whom thou hast so contemned, and
threalriied to <lrawe by the ha) re of their heads to the next ryuer, <S: there to drowne them,
;\s tliou ii.isi nltenlinus made thy vaunt among tiiy naked slaucs : Hut tiiou thy sclfe shait
lir>l l"< e!e that, wliith thou hast j)rc|)ared I'or others. .\iid herewith canininundcd him to bee
vol,, v. M in taken

'1 ' "W ^ ^^^^H

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\\ 11

S66

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The ihirde Decade]

OJeiut quern
raeiuunt.

«li. jxiunde
wruu^ht gold.

Thrrfscore

taken vppe : Neuerthelesse giuing a priiiie token of pardon to them whiche layde handes
on him. Thus vnhappily Tumanama, fearing and beleeuing that Vaschus, hadde ment in
earnest as he commanded, fell prostrate at his feete, and with teares desired pardon : pro,
testing that hee neuer spake any such wordes, but that perhaps his noble menne in their
drunkennesse hadde so abused their tongues, whiche hee coulde not rule : For their wines
although they be not mat''* of grapes, yet they are of force to make men drunken. IJeij
declared furthermore, that the other langes his borderers had of malice surmised such Ivei
of him, enuying his fortune, because he was of greater power then they, most humbly
desiring Vaschus, that as hee tooke him to bee a iust victourer, so to giue no creditc vntd
their vniust and malicious complayntes : Adding heereunto, that if it woulde please him to
pardon him, not hauing offended, he woulde bring him great plentie of golde. Thus layincr
his right hande on his breast, he swore by the Sunne, that he euer loued and feared the
Christians since hee first hearde of their fame and victories: especially when hee heardesa
that they had Michanas, that is swordes sharper than theirs, and suchc as cutte in pecccsali
thinges that come in their wayes. Then directing his eyes towarde Vaschus, who had his
sworde in his hande, he spake thus. Who (except he were out of his witte) dara lift vj) his
hande agaynst this sworde of yours, wherewith you are able with one stroake to cleauo a
manne from the head to the nauell ?" Let no manne therefore perswade you (O most migtie
victourer) that euer suche woordes proceeded out of my mouth. As Tumanama with trcmblin'r
.spake these woordes, therewith swallowing downe the knotte of death, Vaschus seemed by his
teares to be mooned to compassion, and speaking to him with chearefull countenaunrc,
commaunded him to bee loosed. This doone hee sent immediately to his pallace for thiriie
poundes weight of pure golde, artificially wrought into sundry ouches, which his wyucs am!
concubines vsed to weare. Also the thirde day following, his noble men ^c gentlemen,
sent threescore pounds weyght of golde for their fine and raunsomc. Tumanama bcin '
of golde.*'* ' demaunded where they had that golde: he answered, that it was not gathered in his domi.
nions, but that it was brought his ancesfours from the riuer Comognis towarde the South.
But the Pocchorrosians and other his enemies sayde that he lyed, aflirming that his kingdome
was riche in golde. Tumanama on the contrary parte, instantly protested that he neuer knci^
any goldc niyne in all his dominions, yet denyed not but that there hath sometimes bcciia
foiinde certayne small graines of gold, to the gathering whereof, he neurr haddf an/
Ti-.ry abhorre regard, bccause they could not get it without great & long labour. While these things
were doing, the sicke men which V'aschus had left in the village of Porchorrosa, camr lo
him the viii, day of the Calendes of lanuary, in the yeerc of CHRIST. 14l.'j. brinjjin;
with them certayne labourers from the Kinges of the South, wit!-, sundry instrumenics d
<ligge the grouiide, and gather golde. Thus passing ouer the day of the natiuitie of CHKiM'
withinit bodily labf>t;r, vpon .Saint Stephens day hee brought certayne myncrs to the sidt- 1 f
Thrroiournf 3 hill, not farredlslaut Irom the pallnce of Tumanama, where (as he savlh) hee percfiiifl
ind'atMrulf *''''> •'if^ '■"'""'■ of the earth, that it was like to bring loortlt goMi'. When tiiey had dij>^i,i
a pit, not past a hand bre.idth and a haife, and sifted tlie earth tliereof, they founde rertavii>
small urnincs of golde, no byggcr tlieii lintell secde, amounting to the weyght of twcluc
gray tie'-, as thev j)r(i()iied with their i);tlances of assaic, in-rcre a nnt.iric and \vitncs>e, thjt
the better crcdiie might bee gitien thcrt'to. Whereby the y artiued, that the richcnesHC ol thai
land was agr( lable to the report of the borderers, although Wisciuis couKle by no meam*
cause Tumanama to confesse the same. They supjjose that he nothing esteemed so small a
portion: but other sav, that lire denied his coiiiitri-v to be fruitl'iili of jjoide, least by rca^i n
thereof, the desire ol goldc might intirc our menne to iiihahito iii-. kingdome, as iiuLvl
the seely king wax a prophet in so tliinkiiig. Tor they cliose tliit and the rc'^ion of I'm-
chr)rrosa to inhabile, and determined to biiylde lownes in them both, if it should so pir.i.
the king of Castile: a'^wrll that they may lice bajting plans aiui viitaiiyiig houses forsi;i'i
as should iourney towarde the South, as also that both the regions wen- I'ruiteftill, atid ( i
good groinidc to heare Iruitcs and trees. Intending nowe therefore to ilep.irt Ire. in liifiiic,
hee tryed the earth by chaunce in an other j)lace, wliere the colour of the ground, vsiih

certavi.-

and a trial! of
the uruc.

The ihirde Decade,

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

267

certayne shining stones, seemed to be a token of golde, where causing a small pine to be
dieted, litle beneath the vpper crust of the earth, hee founde so much gold as weyghcd the ■-.

peece of golde whiche the Spanyardes call Castellanum Aureum, and is commonly railed Tokem of great
Pesus, but not in one graync. Reioycing at these tokens, in hope of great riches, hee bad •''""i"'''*""'-
Tumanama to bee of good comfort, promising him that hee woulde bee his friende and
defender, so that hee troubled not any of the kinges, whiche were friendes to the Christians:
Hee also perswaded him to gather plentie of golde. Some say that he ledde away all Tuma-
nama his women, and spoyled him, least he shoulde rebell. Yet hee deliuered his sonne to
Vaschus, to be brought vp with our menne, to Icarne their language and religion, that hee
might hereafter the better vse his heipe aswel in all thinges that he should haue to doe with
oiir menne as also more politikely rule, and obtayne the loue of his owne subiectes. Vaschus
at this tyme fell into a vehement feuer, by reason of excesse of labour, immoderate watch-
ing, and hunger, insomuche that departing from thence, hee was fayne to bee borne vpon
mens backcs in shectes of Gossampine cotton : likewise also many of his souldicrs, whiche F«bKnosseof
were so weake, that they coulde neyther goe nor stande. To this purpose they vsed the 1™'\Y„"'"'
heIpe of the inhabitantes, who shewed themseiues in all thinges willing and obedient. Also "^' "^
some of them which were somewhat feeble and not able to trauayle, although not gricuously
sicke, were ledde by the arme?, vntill they came to the dominion of king Comogrus, a
great friende to the Christians, of whom we haue largely made mention before. At Vaschus
comming thither, hee founde that the olde king was dead and his Sonne (whome wee so
praysed for his wisedome) to raygne in his steade, and that he was baptized by the name of
Charles. The pallacc of this Commojjriis, is situate at the foote of a steepe hyll well cul-
tured, hauing towarde the South a plaine of iweluc leagues in breadth, and very fruitefull.
This plaync they call Zauana. Bcyonde this, stre the great and high mountaynes, whiche
diuide the two seas, whereof wee haue spoken tjefore. Out of the steepe hilles, springeth
the ryiier Commogrus whiche runneth thrmigh the sayde playne to the hygh mountaynes. Tit riucr Co-
receiuing into his channeil hv their vaiicyes, ail other ryuers, and so falieth into the South '^°i'"^
sea : It is distant from Dariena, about threescore and tenne leagues towarde the West. As
our men therfore came to these parties, king COmniogrus (otherwise called Charles by his
Christian name) met them ioyfully, and cntertayn«d them honourably, giuing them their fyll
of pleasaunt meates and drinkes : Hee gaue also to Vaschus twentie pounde weight of
wrought golde. V.ischus recompcnred him with thinges whiche hee esteemed nuiche more,
as axes, and sundry kindes of carpenters tooles ; also a souldiers cloake, and favre shiirt,
wrought with needle wo- 'e. Bv these giftes ('■"Miogrus thought himselfe to bee halle a
Ciod auiong his borderers. Vaschus at his dcparfin;; i'rom hence, earnestly charged Como-
griH, and the other kinges, to remayne faithfull and obedient to the ('hrislian king of C'astile,
illhev desired («. line in peace and quietnesse, and that they shoulde hereafter more dili-
gently applie themseiues to the geathcring of golde, to bee sent to the great Christian Tiba
(that is) king: Declaring further, that by this nieancs, tiicy shoulde both sjette them and
their postcritie a patrone and defender against their enemies, and also obtayne great abnn-
daunceofourthiii'Jies. These ad'ivres thus liap|)ily atchicued, hee went forward on his vovago
to fhe pallacc of king l'on<!ui. where he founde foure yong men, which were come (roni
Danena, to certilie him tl t there were certayne shyppes come from Ilispaiiiola laden with
\i<tiialles, and oiher necessaries. Wherefore taking with him twentie of ills most lustie
soldiers, he made hast to Dariena, with long iorneys : leaning the residue beiiiml liini, to vuch,,! rn ;:.■,.
fcillowe at their K-ysure. He writetli, that he came to Dariena the xiiii. Ca. of Fe. An. l.")l f. "'"" '^"''■"'•
The date of his letter is IVoin Dariena, t\\f iiii. day of March. lie wr'.teth in tlie same The coojf ,.
letter, that he had many sore conllictc-' iNj that he was neyther yet woiiiuled, or lost anv of '"'■■ "f \'-'.!"-
his men in the l)atta\le: and therefore in all his large letter, there is not one Icale without
thankcs giuing to alinightie CJod for his deliuerv, and preseruation from so many imminent
jierils. lie attempted no enl<'rpr\se, or tooke in hand any voyage, without thinuocatioii of
(lod and his holy saiiites. 'flius was Vaschus Halhoa of a violent (ioliali, turned into Heliseus,
and Horn .Antcus to Hercules, the contpierorof monsters. Being therelore thus turned from

M ni 'i a raslie

1.1

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,ff''

368

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS;

The thirde Decadi.

O flattnyng
fortune, looke
hU deah in the
booke of the
Hand lately
found.

The earth it
our general
mother.

The courte of
infetnal Pluto.

Marcharites.

The fierwnewe
of the Caiutidles.

fr'lur duty 'o
l^tMt. jiid tm-
t 'I itl Inuc to
lna>ikiiidc.

Thr other rf

} rincr^.

'I'iir hjfuest \i

tutu

Ii;i'..' «ti>>n t.f

t'..l .1,11- !he
AdiniuU.

a rashe royster, to a politike and descret capy Jayne, he was iudgcd worthy to bee adiianced to
great honour: By reason whereof, hee was both receiued into the Kinges fauour, nnd there-
upon created the generall or Lieutenaunt of the Kinges armie in those Regions. Thus muche
haue I gathered both by the letters of certayne my faithfuil friends being in Dariena, and
also by worde of mouth of such as came lately from thence. If your holynesse desire to
knowe what I thinke herein, surely by such thinges as 1 haue scene, I beeleeue these
thinges to be true euen so the order and agreeing of Vaschus and his companions warre-
like letters, seeme to confirme the same. The Spanyarde therefore shall not neede here-
after, with vndermining the earth with . ntollerable labour, to break the bones of our mother
and enter many myles into her bowell '8, and with innumerable daungers cut in sunder
whole mountaynes to make away to the courte of infernall Pluto, to bring from thence wicked
golde, the seed of innumerable mischieiies, without the whiche, notwithstanding wee itiay
nowe scarcely leade a happie lyfe, sith iniquitie hath so prcuailed, and made vs slaues to
that, wherof we at e Lordes by nature: The Spunyardcs (1 say) shall not neede with such
trauaylcs and difficultie, to dygge farre into the earth for gold, but shall finde it plentifully, i^
maner in the vpper crust of the earth or in the sandcs of ryucrs dryed vp by the heate of
sommer, onely washing the earth softly from the same, and ^hall wit!) like facilitie gather
plentie of pearles. Certaynly the reucrent antiquitie (by all the Cosmographers assent)
obtcined not so great a benefite of nature, nor yet aspired to the knowledge hereof,
because there came neuer a man before out of our knowne world, to these vnknowne na-
tions, at the least with a power of men by force i.i' armes, in manner of conquest: wheras
likewise nothing can bee gotten here, forasmuch as these nations are for the most part scucre
defenders of their patrimonies, and cruel to straungers, in no conditio admitting them other.
wise than by conquest especially the tierce Canibales or Caribes. For these wylie hunfrs cf
men, glue themselucs to none other kinde of exercise, but onely to manhunting, and tyllagc,
after their maner. At the commip<^ therefore of our menne into their regions, they lonke a«
surelv to haue them fall into their snares, as if they were hartcs or wilde bores : and with no
lessc confidence, licke their lippes secretly, in hope of their praye. If they gette the vpper
handc, they eatc them greedily : if they myslrust themselues to be the weaker parte, thev
trust to their feete, and flee swifter then the winde. Agayne, if the matter be trjed on thf
w.TtcT, aswell the women as the men can dyue and swimme, as though they had becne eiic:
bnnifiht vp and fedde in the water. It is no maruayle therefore, if the large tract of thcso
rej^ions haue bin hitherto vnknowne. Hut nowe sith it hath pleased God to discouer the sanit
in our time, it shall beecomc vs to shcwe our naturall lou: to mankinde, and duetie loCiod,
to endeauour our seines to bring to them ciuilitie and true religion, to the increase of Christcs
(locke, to the confusion of Infidels and the Deuill their father, who delighteth in our desirur.
lion, as hec hath done from the beginning. By the good successe of these first fruiics, tiir
hope is that the Christian religion shall stretch for'h her armes very I'arrc, whiche thin;
slioiildo the sooner conic to passe, if all men to their power, especially Christian princes ^i,
whom it < hiclely pcrtcynclh) woulde putte their haiides to the plough of the Lordes vine-
yardf : The harucst surely is great, but the workemen are but fewe. As wee haue savde at
the bcc;;inning, your holynesse shal hereafter nourish many myriadcs of broodes of chytkcm
viidcr your winges. Hut let vs nowe retiirne to spcake ofUeragua, being the West sitic oi
Vrab.i, and (irst found by Colonus the Admiral, then vnfortunatly gouerned by Diego Ni-
ciit'-;i, and n'lW left i maner desolate, with the other large regions of those prouiiices,broiiglii
frnin their wifale and bexstiv rudenc>.%e, to ciuilitie and true religion.

The fourth Chapter of the third*- Decade.

I Was determined most holv father) to haue prnceetU-d no l"urthcr herin. but that out
fiery !»f>arke, yet remaining in my mind, would tiot >ullif?r me to cease. Wlu-reiis I haue
therefore ileclired how Heragua was first found bv ( ilonus, me thinke I shoulil iiimii a
hainoiis crime il 1 shoulde defraud the man of the due (iinin.cndations t)l his traua.lcs, ufhi*
cares and iroublcH, and finally of the dangers .k perils which l^e susteyncd in that na-

uigaiion.

called

chaplai

thither,

maruel

sented

manner

reward

aiut
whiche i
whereof
faire am

inferioii
playncs
and floi
trees,
brin^et
woodes
pleasant
they nia
pine tre
ii9 those

S' i^

The thirde Decade.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

969

uigation. Therefore in the yeere of Christ 1502. in the 6. day of the Ides of May, he
hoysed vp his saylea, and departed from the Hands of Gndes, with foiire ships, of "fiftje
or threescore tunne a peece, with a hundred, threescore, and ten men, and came with
prosperous winde to the Ilandes of Canarie, within fine dayes following. From thence
arryuing the 16. day at the Ilande of Dominica, bceing the chiefe habitation of the
Canibales, he sayled from Dominica to Hispaniola in fiue other dayes. Thus within the
space of 26. dayes, with prosperous winde, and by the swift fall of the Ocean from the
East to the West, hee sayled from Spaync to Hispaniola, whiche course is counted of
the mariners, to be no lesse then a thousand and two hundred leagues. Hee taryed
but a while in Hispaniola, whether it were willingly, or that lice were so admonyshed of the
Vice Roy. Directing therefore his voyage from thence toward the West, leaning the Ilandes
of Cuba and lamaica on his right hande toward the North, hewriteth that he chaunced vppon
an Ilande more southwarde then lamaica, which the inhabitantcs call Guanassa, so florishing
and fruitefull, that it might sceme an earthly Paradyse. Coasting along by the shores of this
Ilande, hee mette two of the Canoas, or boates of those proiiinces, whiche were drawne with
two naked siaues against the slreame. In these boates was carycd a ruler of the Ilande, with
his wife and children, all naked. The siaues seeing our men alande, made signes to them
with proud countenance in their maisters name, to stand out of the way, and threatned them,
if they woulde not giue place. Their simplenease is such, that they neyther feared the
multitude, or power of our men, or the greatnesse and straungenesse of our shyppes. They
thought that our men would haue honoured their maister with like reuerence as they did.
Our menne hadde intelligence at the length, that this ruler was a great marchant, which
came to the marte from other coastes of the Hand : for they exercise buying and selling by
exchaungc with their confines. Hee had also with him good store of such ware as they
stande in necde of, or take pleasure in ; as laton belles, rasers, kniues, and hatchettes made
of a certayne sharpe yellowe bri^rh: stone, with handles of a strong kinde of wood : also many
other neccssnrie instruments with kytchen stufle, and vesselles for all necessarie vses : like-
wise shcetes of Gossampine cotton, wrought of sundry colours. Our men tooke him prysoner,
with all his familie, but Colonus commaundcd him to be loosed shortly after, and the
greatest parte of his goods to lu > estorcd, to winne his friendshyppe. 13eeing heere in-
structed of a lande lying further towarde the South, hee tooke his voyage thyther. Thcrfore
little more then ten myles distant from hence, he found a large land, which the inhabitants
called Quiriquetana, but he named it Ciamba. When he went alande, and commaunded his
chaplainc to say m.issc on the sea bankes, a great confluence of the naked inhabitants flocked
thither, simplie and without feare, bringing with them plentie of meate and freshe water,
inarueling at our menne, as they had bccne some straunge myraclc. When they had pre-
sented their giltcs, they went somewhat backwarde, and made lowe curtesie after their
manner, bowing their heades and bodyes reuerently. He recompenced their gentienessc,
rewarding them with other of our tiungcs, as counters, braslettes, and garlandes of glasse,
and counterfeit stones, looking glasses, needelles, and pynnes, with such other trashc,
whiche seemed vnto tlicm precious marchandize. In this great tracte, there are two regions,
whereof the one is called Tnia, and the other Maia. Hee writeth, that all that lande is very
faire and holesome, by reason of the excellent tempcratnesse of the ayre: And that it is
inferiour to no lande in fruitefull grounde, bci ing partly full of mountaynes.and partly large
playncs : also replenished with many goodly trees, wholsome hearhes, continuing greene,
and flourishing all the whole yeere. It beareth also very many holly trees, and pineapple
trees. Also vii. kindes of date trees, whereof some are fniilelull, and stinie barren. It
bringeth forth likewise i/f it selfe Pclgnras. and wild vines, I.iden >>ith j^rapes, eucn in the
woiulcs among other trees. He sayth iurthermore, that there is such abundainue of other
plcavinl and profitable fruites that they passe not of vines. Of one of those kinde-; of date trees
they make certaine long and broade sMord.-'s, and dartcs. These rcuions beare also Gos-iani-
pinc trees here and there commonly in the woodes. Likewise Mirobalanes (ifsinulry kvndcs,
as those which the phisitians call Emblicos, and Chebulos : Mai/.uim also, liinu, Ai^ts, ami

i;alt;'.t.is,

From Hfiy.-r
tn liispjhinla
a thousandf .<^
two hundi'c^l

Simple people

A great
mdrchaiint.

Gtnile peoi'le.

Tlie ret:ion nf
Tui.l 5; Mjij.

Scuen kindea
ijt' il.ilp ftt-es.
WiUo viiu..

Miiut'jiines.

i^':V,:^« ■

m i

i> r

.' i

« > '

'J'

X\.

) (

270

Birdes and
foulcs.

People of
goodly statute.

They pay lit
their bodies.

The swift
courstr of the
<:ia from the
Kast tu ihc
West.

Frefh \«Mtcr in
the scj.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Site thirde Decade.

F.iyre riucr*.
Gffnt rccil*.
(IrritTur-

t-USCS.

tttpj old.

Th^ rcgmn cf

Battatas, like vnto those which we hauc said before to be founde in other regions in these
coastea. The same nourisheth also Lions, Tygers, Hartes, Roes, Goates, and dyuers other
beastcs. Lykewise sundry kindcs of byrdes and fniiles : among the whiche they kcepe onely
fhcm to frankc and fcede, which arc in colour, biggenesse, and tast, much like vnto our
Pehennes. Hesayth that the inhabitantes are of hygh and goodly stature, well lymmcd and
portioned, both men and women, couering their priuie partes with fyne breeches of gossam-
pine cotton, wrought with diuers colours. And that they may seeme the more comely and
beautifuil (as they take it) they paynt their bodies redde and blacke, with the iuycc of
ccrtayne apples, whiche they plant in their gardens for the same purpose. Some of ilicm
paynt their whole bodies, some but parte, and other some drawe the portitures of hcarbcs,
floures, and knottes, eucry one as seemeth best to his owne phantasie. Their lan<;ua»e
difli;reth vttcrly from theirs of the Ilandes neere about them. From these regions, the
waters of the sea ran with as full a course fowardes the West, as if it had bcene the fall of a
swift ryuer. Neuerthelesse he determined to searchc the East partes of this landc, reuolninj.
in his mindc that the regions of Paria & Os Draconis with other coasts founde before to.
wardcs the East, should bee neere there about, as indeede they were. Departing tlicrcfdro
from the large region of Quiriquctana, the xiii. day of the Calendes of September when he
had sayled thirtie leagues, he founde a riuer, within the mouth whereof he drewe fresh water
in the sea : where also the shore was so cicane without rockcs, that hee founde groimdi'
eucry where, where he might aptly cast anker. He writclh that the swift course of tlio
Ocean was so vehement & contrary, that in the space of fourtie daycs, he coulde scarceK
s.iyle threescore and tcnne leagues, and that with much dilTicultie, with many fetches aid
cninpassinges, finding himselfe to bee somctymes repulsed and diiucn farrc backe by iht
violent course of the sea, when hee woukle haue taken lande towarde the cuening, least per-
happes wanderyng in vnknowne constcs in the darknessc of the night, he might be in danj^er
of shippcwracke. Hee wryteth, that in the space of eight leagues, he found three grc.it and
fayrc rvuers, vppon the bankes whereof there grewe rccdcs byggcr then a niannes lhyi;li
In these ryuers was :iNo great plentic of (ishe, and great Tortoyses : Lykewise in man,
j)lai:cs, multitudes of Crocodiles lying in the saiule, mid yaning to fake the licate of iIk
suune: beside, diuers other kindcs of beastcs, whereunto he gaue no names. He s.iyeili
.niso that the soylc of that landc is vcrie diuers and \ariable, being somewhere stonic aiu!
full of rouiih and craggie ])romont()rics, or povntes reaching into the sea, and in other ])la(c>
as fruilfull as may bee. They haue also diuers Kiiiges and rulers. In some ;ilaccs tluv (al
:; King Cacicus: in other phucs they call him (iuebi, and somewhere Tiba. .Sucii as liaiif
beehaued themselues valyantly in the \v;irrcs agavnsle their enemies, and haue their liux-
full of scarres, they rail Cupras, and honour them as the antiquilie did the gods wiiich ih(-\
called Heroes, sup|joscd to bee the soules of such menne, as in their life lime excelled i:.
vcrlue and noble actes. The common people thev call Chiui, and a inaune, ihev a\'.
Homem. When they say iri lluir l.uiiiuage, take manne, ihev sav lloppa home. .After iliiv,
hee came Jo another ryucr apt to beare great shijipes, before the mouth wheroor, Ivc Hitire
Miiall Ilandes. full of /lourishing and fruilfull trees: these Ilandes he iiniued tiuatuor tcm-
])orn. From hence, s.nyling towarde the East for the space of xiii. leagues, still agaynst the
\iiikii» course of the water, he foiuid twelue other small Ilandes, m the wliirh, becuiv h,
fduiide a new kind of fruits, mu( h like vnto our Lemonds, he called ilicm Limonartx
Wanderyng yet further the same wav for the space of \ii. leagues, hoc founde a ureal liamr
entring into the lande, after the manner of a guile, the spa( e ol three leagues, and in iiiamr
as broade, into the which I'ell a great ryuer. Here was Niciicsa lost al'ierwarde, when lie
sought lieragun, by reason wherof, they called it Hio de los jierdidos, that is, the ryuer of lin^
lost men. Thus ("oloniis the .Xdmirall yet I'utther contiiuiing his eour>e a^aynst the liino u!
the sea, f( uiule manic hygh nuxintaines, and horrii)le valle\es, withdviu-rs ryuer-i and lKiiier.«,
from all liie which (as he .,/ih) proceeded sweete sauour-, ^'really rc(ri'atyng and ci in-
f'oriiiig nature: iiisonuirhe .ii.it in all this long tract, there was not one of his men diseased,
Mitill lie (ame to a region which the inhabitants call Quicuris, in the which is the liancn

anne,

TIte thlrde Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

271

called Cariai, named Mirobalanus by the Admirall, because the Mirobalarte trees arc natiue in The hauen of
the regions thereabout. In this hauen of Cariai, there came about two hundred of the in- ,^„"a'unu'.*'''
habitnntes to the sea side, with euerie of them three or fourc dartes in their handcM, yet of
condition gentle enough, and not refusing straungers. Their comming was for none other
purpose, then to knowe what this newe nation meant, or what they brought with them.
When our menne hadde giuen them signes of peace, tiiey came swimming to the shyppes,
and desired to barter with them by exchaunge. Tiie Admirall, to allure them to fricnd-
shippe, gauc them many of our thinges : But they refused tiiem, suspecting some desccit
thereby, because hee would not receiue theirs. They wrought all by signes : for one vndcr-
stoode not a woorde of the others language. Such giftcs as were sent them, they left on the
shore, and wouldc fake no part thereof. They arc of suchc ciuilitie and humanitie, that they Civil' « JJ ■-
estceme it more honorable to giue, then to take. They sent our men two young women, """"'""'' "
being virgincs, of commendable fauour, and goodly stature, signifying vnto them, th.it they
might take them away with them, if it were their pleasure. These women, after the manner
of their countrey, were couered from their ancles somewhat abouc their priuie partes, witli
a certaync clotl* made of gossampine cotton, but the men are al naked. The women vse to
cuttc tiieir hayre : but the men let it growe on the hinder part of their head, and cuttc it on
the fore part. Their long hayre, they binde vppe with fyllcttes, and winde it in sundry
rowle.s, as our maydes are accustomed to doc. The Virgins which were sent to the Admirall,
he decked in (ayre apparell, and gauc them many giftes, and sent them home agayne. But
likewise ail these rewardes and apparell they left vppon tlie shore, because our men had
refused their giftcs. Yet tooke hee two men away with him (and those verie willingly)
that by itarning llie Spanishe tongue, hee might aftcrwardc vse them for interpretours. He
considered tliat the tractcs of these coastes were not greatly troubled with vehement motions,
or ouerflowinges of the sea, forasmuche as trees growe in the sea not farre from the shore,
eucn as they doe vpon the bankes of ryucrs : the whichc thing also other do afHrme, which
haiic latclicr searched those coastes, declaring that the sea ryscth and falleth but litle there-
about. He sayth furthermore, that in the prospect of this land, there are trees engendred TrMi prowinj
euen in the t^ea, which alter that they are growcn to any height, bend downc the toppcs oV"^^l'J^^^^l"
their braunchcs into the grounde : whichc embracing them, causeth other braunches to
spring out of the same and take roote in the earth, bringing foorth trees in their kinde suc-
ccssiuely, as did the first root from wiience they hadde their originall, as doe also the settes
of vines, when oncly both the cndes thereof are put into the grounde. Plinie in the twelfth Piinie.
booke of his nnturall hystorie makcth mention of suchc trees describing them to bee on the
lande, hut not in the sea. The Admirall wiitcth also, that the like beastes arc engcndrcd in
ilic coastes of Cariai, as in other proiiiiices of these regions, and such as we haue spoken of
hcfore: Yet th;it there is one foundc here in nature muche differyng from the other. This Aitrangrk.ni
heast iy of the bygnesse of a great Monkey, but witli a taylc much longer and bigger, it «' Moiik,:y..
lyucti* in tlie woiules, and remoiicth from tree to tree in this manner: Hanging by the tayle
vpon tlie braunchc of ;i tree, ami galiiering strength by swaying her body twvse or thrvse
to and fro, shee tasteih her sclfe from brancii to branciic, and so from tree to free, as
though sheo Hew. An archer of ours iiuit one of them, who, percciuing her selfe to becAMonktv
wounded, leapt downe Irom the tree, and (iorceiv set on liiin whichc "laue hor the wounde. ''*'""'' *"''
in so much that he was lame to defend hiniseli'e with his swoorde. And thus by ch.iunce,
cutting of one of her armes, he tooke her, and with much a do bnninlit her to the shyppc.s,
wliere within a while slice waxed tame. W'liile she was tluis kept ami boundo witli clicvncs,
certavnc other of our iiuntcrs had rhased a wiidc IV. re out of liie nKirv>iics nccrc \ nio the
se.i side : fur hunger and desire of flesh, caused tiicm to take duuMo pleasure in hunting.
In thi>i nieatie time other which reniavned in tlie shYjipes, jioiiig a lande to recreate them-
seiiir>;. tooke this Monkie with them, wiio assoonc as she had espved the Bore, set vppe her . .,,,11; ,1,,.
brvslil-, and made towarde him. fhe IJore likewise sliookc hi-, i)ristels, and whet his teeth.
The .Nfimkie furiously inuaded fhe Bore, wrapping her tayle at/mit his bodv, iS; with iier
armc, rcscrucd of her viitourer, held him so f.i>t abeut the throtc, that he w;is sulio-

cate.

W.Li Ijj'.tr.

Mi \

1*1;, 1

:l i

I '

(

•1: .«'
^1 }| . .

1::;!;

• I-

I lll/l

' ' ' t

I I , Jit*

\ , '

]■

d '

272

The bodlei of
kingii dry td and
rcKiucd.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

r/Mf thirde Decade

their

braitt cbwel.

Ouni nujte

.''fiicn golden
ryucrs.

1 Iei;ty uf io\<3i
cndcili.

cate. These people of Cariai, vse to drie tl>e dead bodies of tneir princen vppon
hiirdela. and go rescriie them inuolued in the leaner of trees. As he went forwarde
about twentic leagues from Cariai, he found a guifc of suche largenesse, that it con^
tayned xii. leaguest in compasse, in the mouth of this gulfe was foure iitle Ilande*
so neere together, that they made a safe hauen to enter into the gulfe : This gulfe
is the hauen which wee wayde before to bee called Cerabaro of the inhabitauntes. ^^
they haue nowe learned, that only the land of the one side thcrof, lying on the right hand
at the cnteryng of the gulfe, is called by that name, but that on the left side, is called
Aburema. Hec sayth that all this gulfe is full of fruitefull Ilandes, well repleninhed with
goodly trees, and the grounde of the sea to bee very cleane without rockes, and commndjons
to cast anker : likewise the sea of the gulfe to haue great abundance of fyshe, and the lande
on both the sides to bee inferiour to none in fruitefulnesse. At his first arryuing, he espvcd
two of the inhabitantes, hauing cheynes about their neckes, made of ouches (whiche tjicy
call Guauincs) of base golde, artificially wrought in th» fourmes of Eagles, and Lions, wjih
diucrs other bcastes, and fowles. Of the two Cariaians whiche he brought with him fmni
Cariai, he was enfourmed that the regions of Cerabaro and Aburema were rich in gold, and
that the people of Cariai haue al their gold from thece for exchange of other of their thiiijrfji.
They tolde him also, that in the same regions there are fiue villages, not farrc from the spn
side, whose inhabitantes upplie ihcmselues oncly to the gathering of gold. The namci of
these villages are these, ('hiram, Purcn, Chitaza, lureche, Atamea. All the men of ihe
prouince of Cerabaro, go naked, & arc painted with diuers colours. They take greal pja.
sure in wcaryng garlandes of floures, and crownes made of the clawe^ of lions & Typ;ers
The women couer oncly their priuic partes with a fyllet of gossampine cotton. Departiin
from hence, & coasting still by the same shore fcir the space of wiii. leagues, he came tn
another riuer, where he espyed about three hundred naked men in a company. When tlipv
saw the shyppcs drawe neare about the land, thcv cryed out aloud, with cruell countenaunres,
shaking their wooden swoortles, ami hurling dartes, taking also water in their moulhes, and
spouting the same against our men : whereby they seemed to insinuate, that they would
receiue no condition of peace, or haue oujiht to doe with them. Here he commaunded ccr-
tayne pieces of ordinaunce to be shot of towardcthem, yot so to ouershoofe them, that none
might bee hurt liiercby : For hce euer determined to deale quietly 8c peaceably with thc<e
ncwc nations. At the noyse therefore of the gunnes, and sight of the (ire, they fell d(jwrp
to the grounde, and desired peace. Thus cnteryng into further friendshippe, they ex-
chaunged cheynes and ouches of golde, for glasses, and hawkes belles, and such other mar-
chandies. They vse dnimmes or tymbrels made of the shclles of certayne sea fishes, where-
with they encourage themschics in the warrcs. In this tractc are these seuen ryucrs, Acalehn,
Quareba, Zobroba, Aiaguitin, Vrid;i, Duribha, Beragua, in all the whiche, golde is founde
They defende fhemseiues agavnst rayne and heate with certayne great leaues of trees, in
the steade of clokes. Departing from lience, he searched the coastcs of Fbetere, and Embigar,
into the whiche fall the goodly ryucrs of Zohoran an<l Cubigar: And here ceaselh ilip
plentie and fruillulnesse of golde, in the tract of fiftie leagues, or there about. From
hence, onely .'{. leagues distant, is the rocke which in the vnfortunate discourse of Niciir>a
we sayd was called of our men Pignonem, but of the inhabitantes the Region is called \'il)l).i.
In this tract also, about syxc leagues from thence, is the hauen whiche Ci>Ii)T)us called PortiK
Bcllus (whcrof wehaue spoken before) in the regio which the inhabitantes call Xagua^iiar.i.
This region is very populous but tiicy goe all naked. The king is paynfcd with blac kc
colourcs, but all )he people with rcddc. Tiie king and scuen of his noblemen, had eiiorv
of tliem a lillc plate of gold hanging at their nosothryllcs, downc viito their lyppes: and
thi:^ they take for a comely ornament. The men inclose their priuy members in a shell, an 1
the women couer theirs with a fyllet of gossampine cotton, tyed about their loynes. In the
gardens they nourishe a fruitc much like the nut of a pine tree, the which ( as wee haue savdc
in another place) groweth on a shrubbc, much like vnto an hartirhoke, but the fruitc is iniK ii
>ofter, and meate for a king : also certayne trees whiche bcarc gourdes, whereof wee haue

spoken

.1
(

'■ Ir '

The thirde Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUURIES.

87S

spoken berore : this tree they rail Hibuero. In these coutes they mette Rometimes with
Crocodiles lying on the sandex, the whiche when they fledde, or tooke the water, they left a
very gweeie sauourc beehindc them, sweeter then muske or Castoreum. When I wm sent w«t'f,'"ow,
ambastiadour for the Cathulike King of Castile, to the Soltane of Babylon, or Alcayre in Ak>yrc or b^
Egypt, the inhabitantes neere vnto the riuer of Nilus tolde mee the like of their fcnjale '''''°'' '" **''''*
Crorodilcs, aflirming furthermore, that the fat or shewet of them, is equall in sweetnessc
with the pleasaunt giimmes of Arabic. But the Admirall was nowc at the length enforced
of nccessitie to depart from hence, aswell for that he was no longer able to abide the con-
trarie and violent course of the water, as also thnt his shyppes were dayly more and more
putrified, and eaten through with certaine wormes, which are engendred of the warmenesse shyjftt taen
of the water in all those tractes, neere vnto the Equinoctiall lyne. The Venetians call these *"'""'"""■
wormes Bissas. The same are also engendred in two hauens of the citie of Alexandria in Aiomdiii m
Egypt, and destroy the shyppes if they lye long at anker. They are a cubite in length, and *"'^'
somewhat more, not passing the quantitie of a finger in bignesse. The Spanish maryner
calleth this pestilence Broma. Colonus therefore, whom before the js;reat monntera of the
sea could not feare, now fearing this Broma, being also sore vexed with the contrary fal of
the sea, directed his course with the Ocean toward the West, and came first to the ryuer
Hiebra, distant onely two leagues from the ryuer of Beragua, because that was cumodious to
harborowc great ships. This region is named after the ryuer and is called Beragua the Ictisc,
because both the riuers are in the dominion of the king whiche inhabiteth the region of
Beragua. But what chaunced vnto him in this voyage on the right hande and on the left,
let vs nowe declare. While therfore Colonus the Admirall remained yet in the ryuer
Hiebra, he sent Bartholomeus Colonus his brother, and Lieuetenaunt of Hispaniola, with the
shyp boates, and threescore and eyght men, to the riuer of Beragua, where the king of the
Region, beeing naked, and paynted after the manner of the countrey, came towardes them,
with a great multitude of men waiting on him, but all vnarmcd and without weapons, giuing Howthekiaf
also signes of peace. When hee approched neerer, and entred communication with our °l ^"f^\^
men, certayne of his gentlemen, neerest about his person, remembring the maiestie of a king, Liwunint.*
and that it stoode not with his honour to bargayne standing, tooke a great stone out of the
ryuer, washing and rubbing it very decently, and so put it vndcr him with humble reuerence. Their ttuenace
The king thus sitting, seemed with signes and tokens, to insinuate that it should be lawfull ""'"'' *''"*•
for our men to search and viewe all the riuers within his dominion. Wherefore the sixt day
of the Ides of February, leauing his boates with certayne of his company, he went by landc on
foote, from the bankes of Beragua, vntill he came to the ryuer of Duraba, which he aflirmeth
to be richer in golde then either Hiebra or Beragua : For goldc is engendred in all ryuers of
that land, insomuch that among the rootcs of trees growing by the bankes of the ryuers, and
among the stones left of the water, and also wheresoeuer they dygged a hole or pyt in the
grounde, not past the depth of a handefull and a halfe, they founde the earth, being taken
out thereof, myxte with golde: whereupon he determined to fasten his foote there, and to
inhabite. Which thing the people of the countrey perceiuing, and smelling what incon-
iienicnre and mischiefe might thereof ensue to their countrey, if they should permitte
Htraungers to plant their inhabitations there, .assembled a great armie, and with horrible out-
cryps assailed our menne (who had now begun to build houses) so desperately, that they
were scarcely able for to abide the first brunte. These naked Barbarians at their first ap- siinstt tm
proache, vscd onely slynges and dartes: but when they came neerer to hande strokes, they ''•"«»•
fought with their womlen swoordes, whiche they call Michan.is, as we haue sayde before.
A man woulde not thinke what great malice and wrath was kindled in their heartes agaynst
our men, and with what desperate myndcs they fought for the defence of their libertie,
whiche they more estceme then life or riches: For they were nowe so void of all feare, and Libenifmort
contemning death, that they neyther feared long bowes or crosse bowes, nor yet (which is '"J™""*""
moste to be marueyled) were any thing discouraged at the terrible noyse of the gunnes,
shotte of from the shyppes. ' Tiiey retyred once : but shortly after encreasing their number,
they returned more fiercely then at the first. They would haue bin contented to haue
VOL. V. N n rereiued

'I (

f ' : ; i\

if ^

i> •

k I \

'' , 1

«y,%

'^74

Tlw Spinyujti
<rt dryutn la

VO^' VOES, NAUIOATIONS,

The thirde Decade.

A miKribIt

NecMiiiie hath
no Uwc.

HowcfiiiTelilcii
to be cMetmcd.

5anctui Domi-
nicui.

>.andrs founJ
by Colonui.

Temperat rt*
gions and hol-
lomr aire.

Eipcii mineri.

A godly nature
ID golde.

rcceiued our men fricndiv as straungcrs, but not as inliabituura. The more inrtaunt that
our men were lo remayne, no much the greater multitude of borderent flocketi together
dayly, dUturbing them both night & day, sometimes on the one side, and oometimes on the
other. The siiyppes lying at anker neare vnto the nhorc, warded them «>n the barke hairr;
but at the length they were fayne to fomakc thin lande, and returne backe the same way liy
the whichc they came. Thus with much dilTiculty St daunger th«'y came to the Hand of
lamaica, lying on the South tide of Hixpaniola it Ciil)a, with their shippeo .is full of holes
as siues, and IioIcb so eaten with wormes, as ihoii^h they had been bored through with
wimbles. The water entred s.) fast at the riftes and holes, that yf ihey had not with the
painful labour of their handes emptied the same as fast, thry were like tn haue jierished :
where as yet by this meanes they arriued at lamairn, although in manner halfe dead. lint
their calamitie ceased not heere : For as fast as their shippes leaked, their strength diminished.
Ml) that they were no longer able to keepe them from sinking. By reason whereof, fallin;,'
into the handes of the Barbarians, and inclosed without hope of departure, they led ther liuo'*
for the space of tenne monethes among the naked people, more misrnhlic then eucr did
Achcmenides among the Giauntes, called Cirh)pcs, rather lining, then bein;; cither contented
or satisfied with the strange meates of that Ilande, and that onely at suche times as
pleased the Barbarians to giue them part of theirs. The deadly enmitie and malice whirhc
these barbarous kinges bcare one ag.iinst an other, made greatly with our men : For at suche
times as they attempted warre againxt their borderers, they wouldc somrtimes giue our men
part of their bread, to aide them. But how miserable and wretched a thing it is to iiue otirlv
with bread gotten by begging, your holinessc mayc easily coinecture : especially where
al other accustomed fowlc is lacking, as wine, oilc, ticshe, butter, cheese, and milke, wherwith
the stomackes of our people of Europe haue eiier been norishcd, euen from their crndeN.
Therfore as necessiiie is subiect to no law; so doth it enforce men to attempt dexper.itc
aduentures, and those the sooner, which by a cerlaine nohilitic of nature do no further
esteeme life then it is ioined with .some I'elicitie. Bartliolomeiis (Vilonus therlore, intendiiiij
rather to proouc what God wouldc do with him and his companions in these extremities,
then any longer lo abide the same, commaundcd Diegus Mendc/ his stewarde, with two
guides of that Ilande, whome he had hired wit!) promises of great rewarde-* at their returne.
to enter into one of their Canons, and take their voiage to Ilispaniola. Heinj; thus to-scd
on the sea to and fro from rocke to rocke, by reason of the shortenesse and narownesse of
the Canoa, they arriued at the length at the last corner of Ilispaniola, being distant fn in
Jamaica fourtic leagues. Here his guides departing from him, returned againe to Coloniis,
for the rewardes whichc he had promised them : but Diegus Mendez went on forward on
foote, vntill he came to the citie cillcd Sanctus Dominicus, being the chiefc & head citie ol
the Ilande. The ofTicers and rulers of Ilispaniola, being enfourined of the matter, appointed
him two shippes, wherewith he returned to his maister and companions. As he fomiilc
them, so came they (<> Ilispaniola, very feeble, and in maner naked. What chaunced nl'
them afierwardo, I knowc not as yet. Let vs now therefore leaue these particulars, and
speakc somwiiat more of generals. In al those tracts, whichc we saide here before to haiie
been founde by C^oloniis tlie .\dmiral, both he him selfe writetli, and all his companions of
that voiage confesse, that the trees, hearhes, and fruitcs, arc llorishing and greene all
the whole yccrc, and flie aire so tem|)erate it holcsomc, tliat of al his companie there
neuer fel one man sirke, nor yet were vexed cither with CNtrcinc colde or hcate. Cor ihe
spate of fiftie Icilimcs, from tlx; great hancn of Cerabaro, to the riticrs of lliebra and
Beragua. Thinhahitantes of Cerabaro, ami tl'c nations whiche are betwixt that i^- tiic saido
riiiers, appiic n( t them seines to the geatiierin.; of g<ddc, but only at cert.iine times o( the
yeere, and arc very expert and cunning lierein, as are our miners of sihier and Iron. Thcv
knowc by long experience in what places goldc is most abundantly engendred : as by the
colour of the wafer of the riuers, and such as fall from the mountaine.s, and also by the colour
of the earth and stones. They beleeue a cerlaine godly nature to be in goldc, forasmuche
as (hey neuer geather it, cxccjit they vse ccrtaine religious expiations or purging, as to

absteinc

H^a

The thirdc Deeailc.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

9t5

abMtcine Prom women, nnd all kiinles of plca>turcM, anJ delicate meafc« ami drinlcf*.
cliiritiK nil 'he tinx" t'l^t their golden hanieMt lasletli. They xuppoxc that mi* do naturally line OaWtnhinwtt.
nnd die as oilier bcastcn do, and thcrfnre honour none other thing as (iod : Yet do they prav
to ihcSunnr, and honour it when it riscih. 13u( let v« nowe N|)cake of the niountaines, and
ditnafii '11 of these landes. From all the sra bankes of the->e regions, cxcecdinjj ^reat and
hij^h mfiuntaincH arc scene towardo the South, yet rcniluii<!; by a continual I rut from the Hinh .it»»
Kast into the West, by reastin wlierof, 1 suppose thar tlic two great Hcas (wlierof I haue """"'"*
spoken largely before) arc deuidrd with these niotmlaiiu-s, as it wre with bulwarkes, least
they shoulde ioine and repugne, as Italie diuiileth tiie sea railed 'rirrhenum, from the sea T.rrhfnum >i
Adriatike, whiche is nowe commonly called the gulfe of Venice. I'or wliichc way so eiier '^'"' """•
they sailed from the point called I'romontoriuni, S. Augustini ( whiclie pcrteiiieth to the For-
fugales, and prospecteth against the sea Atlantike) euiii vnto Vralia and tlichauen Ccrabaro,
and to the furthest landes founde hitherto westward, they had ciicr great mountaines in sight,
l)"tli'neere hande, and also farre of, in all that long rase. TIk sc mountaines where in som
place smooth, pleasaunt, and fruilfull, full of goodly trees and hearbes, and somwhere high,
rough, fill of rockes, ilc barren, as ehaunceth in the famous mountaines of Taurus in Asia,
and also in diners coastes of our mountaines of Apennini, and such other of like bignesse.
The ridges also of these mountaines are diuided with goodly and fairc vallies. That part of
the mountaines which incliideili the limittes of Heragua, is thought to be higher then the Thf moauim
cloude-i, insomuch that (as they say) the tops of them can seldome bee scene for the multi- hijifeMKH ih,
tudenf thicke cloudes wliiche arc beneath the same. Colonus the Admiral, the first finder of cIouJm.
these regions, alVirmeth that the toppcs of the mountaines of Beragua, arc more then fiftie Mounninejof
miles in height. He saith furthermore, that in the same region at the rooteit of the mnun- JJ'''),™'"
taines the way is open to the South sea, & comparetb it as it were betwcne Venice and
(lenua, or laniia, as the (Jenues vil haiie it called, whiche fable that their citic was builded of
laniis. He alTirmeth also, that this land rcachelli forth toward the South, and that from hence unui othctwiM
it taketh the beginning of breadth : like as from the Alpes, out of the narowe thigh of Italie, c»u«d l«hei ih«
wee see the large and maine landes of Fraunce, (Jermanie, and I'annonie, to the Samaritans
and Scithians, eiicn vnto the mountaines and rockcs of Hiphea, and the frosen sea, & embrase
there with, as with a (Dutinuall bonde, al Thrai la, and Grecia, with all that is included
within the jiromontorie or jioint of Malea, and Hellespontiis south warde, and the sea
Uu/iniis, and the marisshes of Mentis in Sritliia northwarde. The Admiral supposeth, that
on the leli hande, in sailing towarde ihe West, this lande is ioined to India, beyonde the By ihii conite-
riuer ofGaniies, and that on the right hande towardc the North, it is extended to the frosen |h'',ijI?',^'nto
*ea, beyonde the Hiperboreans and the North pole. So that both the sea (that is to meane Cath« , thk
t'lat South sea which we said to bre ioinide by Vascluis and our Ocean) shoulde ioine and meete "rP" ''"*»»■
ill the corners of that lande. and that the waters of these stas do not onely inclose and com-
passe the same without diuision, as Ruro[)e is inclosed with the seas of Helle,sj)ontus and
Tanais witii the frosen ^cean, and our sea iif Tyrrhenum with the Spanishe seas : But in my
opinion, the vehement course of the Ocean toward the West, dolh signifie the let that the Locke the mui-
said two seas shoulde not so ioine togcathcr, but rather that that lande is adherent to the J!"'"'D^f'*i
lirme landes tnwnrde the North, as we haiie saide before. It shall suffice to haue saide thus iiK vi.
iniuheot' the length hereof: Let vs nowe theref ire speake somwhat of the breadth of the
same. We haue made mention before howe the South sea is diuided by narowe limittes from
our Ocean, as it was proued by the experience of Vaschtis Nunncz and his companions,
whiih first made open the way thyt!ier. But as diuersly the mountaines of our Alpes in
E.irope are somwhere narowe and in some place brode: cucn so, by the like prouidence of
nature, this land in some part therof reacheth farre in breadth, and is in other places coarctcd
with narowe limittes from sea to sea, with vallies also in some places, whereby men may
passe from tiie one side to the other. Wlierc we haue described the regions of Vraba and
Ber.igua to be situate,, these seas are diuided by small distauncc : Yet ought we to thinke the
region, whiche the greate riuer of Maragnonus runneth through, to be very large, if we Thtjteatriuer
ihall gnunt Maragnonum to be a riuer and no .sea, as the freshe waters of the same ought Mtntnonui.

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376

Th< pta tiuer
Uabaibai or
Mncti lohaimu.

The lyucn htuc
their increaie
from the tprinjei
of the mouif
laynei.
The ryuer of
Nilui in Egypt.

Maryshes and
dcwlau waiei.

A lupemiiious
opinion of the
original of the
mountaynei of
Dabaitx.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tlie thirde Decade

Dragons and
Crocodilei in
ihc maryshei.

The hauen Ce-
rabvo.

Twentie golden
tyuers.

Piecious stones.

A precious Dij-
mond of eicecd-
tng bigenei*

Topaiiii

■1 'i

to penwade vs. For in suche narowe cauea of the earth, there can be no swalowing
guires of suche bignesse as to receiue or nourishe so great abundance of water. The like
is also to be supposed of the great riuer of Dabatba, whiche we saide to be from the corner
of the gulfe of Vraba, in some place of fortie fathomes depth, & som wher fiftie ; also
three miles in breadth, and so to fall in to the sea. We must needes ^raunt, that the
earth is brode there, by the which the riuer passeth from the high moutames of Dabaiba
from the East, and not from the West. They say that this ryuer consisteth and taketh his
encrease of foure other ryuers, falling from the mountaynes of Dabaiba. Our men call this
riuer Flumen S. lohannis. They say also that from hence it falleth into the gulfe of Vraba
by seuen mouthes, as doth the ryuer of Nilus into the sea of Egypt : Likewise that in the
same region of Vraba, there are in some places narrowe streyghts, not passing fyfteeiie
leagues, and the same to bee sauage, and without any passage, by reason of diners marvNhe!*
and desolate wayes, which the Latines call Lamas, but the Spanyardes according to their va-
rietie call them Tremedales, Trampales, Cenegales Sumideros, and Zabondaderos. But be-
fore wee passe any further, it shall not bee greatly from our purpose to declare from whence
these mountaynes of Dabaiba haue their name, according vnto the antiquities of the inha-
bitantes. They sayde that Dabaiba was a womanne, of great magnanimitie and wisednme
among their predecessoures in olde time, whome in her life all the inhabitauntes of those
prouinces did greatly reuerence, and beeing dead, gauc her diuine honour, and named the
region after her name, bcleeuing that shee sendeth thunder and lightning, to destroy the
fruites of the earth if shee be angred, and to send plentic if shee be well pleased. This
superstition hath beene perswaded them by a craflie kinde of men, vnder pretence of reli-
gion, to the intent that they might enioy suche giftes and offeringcs as were brought to the
place where shee was honoured. This is sufficient for this purpose. They say furthcrmnre,
that the marj'shcs of the narrow land, whereof we hane spoken, bring forth great plentic of
Crocodiles, Dragons, Battcs, and Gnats, being very hurtfull. Therefore whensoeuer thev
take any iourney tow.ird the South, they goe out of the way toward the mountaynes, ami
eschewc the regions ncerc vnto those pervious fennes or maryshes. Some thinke that there
is a valley lying that w,iy that the ryuer runneth, which o'.ir men call Rio de los Perdidos, that
is, the ryuer of the lost men (so named by the misforiunc which there befell to Nicuesa and
his company) and not farre distaunt from the hauen (Jerabaro, whichc diiiidelh those moun-
taynes toward the South. But let vs iiowe finish this booke with a fewe other thinges worihic
to be noted. They say therefore, that on the right hand and left hand from Dariena there arc
twenfie ryuers, in all the whiche great plentie of golde is founde. Beeing demaunded what
was the cause why they brought no greater aboundance of golde from thence : they answered,
that they lacked myners, and that the men which they tooke with them from Spayne thither,
were not accustomed to labour, but for the most part brought vp in the warres. This l.ind
seemefh also to promise many precious stones : Foe beside those which I sayde to be foiindo
neerc vnto Cariai and Sancta .Vfartha, one Andreas Morales, a pilot (who had trauayled those
coa-tcs with lohannes de la Cossa while hce yet lined) hadde a precious Diamonde, which
liec bought of a naked young man in the region of Cumana, in the prouince of Paria. Thi<
stone was as hmg as two ioyntes of a mans middle finger, and as bigge as the first ioynttif
the thumbe, beeing also payntcd on ciiery side, consisting of eight squares, perf'ectlv
fourmed by nature. They say that with this they m.ade scarres in anuylles and hammers, ;inil
brake the teeth of fyles, the stone remayning vnperishcd. The young man of Cumana, wore
this stone about his ncrke among other ouclics, & solde it to Andreas Moralis for fyue of our
counterfeit stones, made of glasse of diners colours, wherewith the ignorant young man wj'i
greatly dcligliiod : They found also certaine Topases on the shore. But the estimation (I
golde was so farre cntrcd info the heades of our men, that they had no regard to stone*.
Also the most parte of the Spanyardes, doe laugh them to scorne which vse to wearc nianv
stones, specially such as are common, iudging it to be an effeminate thing, & more meet
for women then men. The noble men only, when they celebrate solemne marriages, or«ct
forth any iriumphes, we; vc rheynes of golde, beset with precious stones, & vse fayre aniw-

rell

'iL 'i

The thirde Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

377

rell of silke, embrodered with golde, intermyxte with pearles and precious stones, and not
at other times. They thinke it no lesae effeminate for men to smel of the sweete sauours of
Arable, and iudge him to be infected with some kinde of fylthy lechery, in whome they
smell the sauour of muske or Castoreum. But like as by one apple taken from a tree, we
may perceiue the tree to be fruitfull, and by one fyshe taken in a ryuer, wee may knowe that
finhe is engendred in the same : euen so, by a litle gold, and by one stone wee ought to con-
sider that this land bringeth foorth great plentie of golde, and precious stones. What they
haue found in the porte of Sancta Martha, in the region of Cariai, when the whole nauie
passed thereby vnder the gouernaunce of Petrus Arias, and his company, with certayne
other of the kinges officers, I haue sufficiently declared in his place. To bee short therefore
all thinges doe so flourish, growe, encrease, and prosper, that the last are euer better then
the first. And surely to declare my opinion herein, whatsoeuer hath heretofore bin discou-
ered by the famous trauayles of Saturnus and Hercules, with such other whom the antiquitie
for their heroical factes honoured as gods, seemeth but litle and obscure, if it be compared
to the Spanyards victorious labours. Thus I bid your holinesse farewell, desiring you to cer-
tifie me howe you like these first fruites of the Ocean, that being encouraged with your ex-
hortations, I may the gladlier, and with lesse tediuusnesse, write such thingea as shall chaunce
hereafter.

The fifth Chapter of the thirde Decade.

AL such lining creatures, as vnder the circle of the moone bring forth any thing, are ac«
customed by the instinct of nature, as soone as they are deliuered of their birth, either to
close vp ^ matrice, or at the least to be quiet for a space : But our most fruiieful Ocean and
new world, engendreth & bringeth forth daily new birthes, whereby men of great wit, and
especially suche as are studious of newe and marueylous thinges, may haue somewhat at hand
wherewith to feed their mindes. Yf your holinesse doe aske to what purpose is all this :
ye shall vnderstand, that I had scarsly finished the historic of such thinges as chaunced to
Vaschus Nunnez and his companie in their voyage to the South sea, when sodenly there
came newe letters from Petrus Arias the newe gouernour, whom the king had appoynted the
yeere beefore with an armie of men and a nauie of ships to sayle to these newe landes. He
signified by his letters, that hce with his nauie and company arryucd all safely. Furthermore,
lohannes Cabedus (whom your holinesse at the request of the most catholike king hadde
created Bishop of tiiat prouince of Dariena) & three other of the chiefe officers ioyned in
commis'sion to be his assistantes, as Alphonsus de Ponte, Diegus Marques, and loh.nnnes de
Tauira, confirmed the same letters, and subscribed them with their names. The nauigation The nauigation
therefore of Petrus Arias, was in this nianer. The day before the Ides of April, in the yeere "' *"""" ^""
of Christe. 1514. he hoysed vp his sailes, in the lowne of saint Lucar de Barrameda, situate
in the mouth of the ryuer Bcetis, which the Spanyardes nowe call Guadalchebir. The seuen
Ilandes of Canaria are about foure hundred myles distant from the place where this riuer fall-
eth into the sea. Some thinke that these arc the Ilandes whiche the olde wryters did call the
fortunate llnndes : but other thinke the contrary. The name of these Ilandes are these. The
two that appoare first in sight, are named Lanzelota and Fortisuentura. On the backhalfe of
these, lyelh Magna Canaria or Grancannria, btyond that is Tenerif and Gomera somewhat '""'!»'"'• °f
towardc the North from that. Palma and Ferrea lye behinde, as it were a bulwarke to all
the other. Petrus Arias therefore, arryued at Gomera the eight day after his departure, with
a nauie of seuenteene ships, & a thousand and fine hundred men, although there were onely
a thousande and two hundred assigned him by the kinges letters. It is sayd furthermore, that
hee left behinde him more then two thousande very pensiue and sighing that they also myght
not bee receiued, proferyng themselues to goe at their owne charges. Hee taryed xvi,
dayes in Gomera, to the intent to make prouision of fuel and freshe water, but chiefelv to f™"'""" "'^ .

■' I'l ,. II. I 1 .... ^ frtsn water aa«

repayre hrs shyppes, beeing sore broosed with tempestes, and especially the };oucrnours futi.
shyppe, which had lost the rudder : For these Ilandes are commodious resting place for all
such asintende to attempt any nauigations in that maine sea. Departing from hence in the

Nonc9

mill

if:-j'-M

f'¥:

"h^f'^i.

1 !

ivM

1 1

«78

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

The thtrde Decade.

The Ki of

hcirbei.

Thne moun-
tijrnti ttt cilled
MontM NiualM,
or Strri NtuaH,
Drca. a. li' lib. i.
■nd ii.

Mountaynes co-
urted with

l"h^ vtoudie* of
the barbarians

The Canibali
hih\ in the
iriler.

Nones of May, he sawe no more lande vntill the third day of Iun«, at the which hee arryued
at Dominica an Uande of the Canibale.4, beeing distaunt from Gomcra about eight hundred
leagues. Here hee remayned foure dayes, making newe pronitiiinn of fresh water and fuell,
duryng which tyme, hee savre no man, nor yet any steppes of men, but founde plentic of
(lea'Crabbes and great Lisarts. From hence hesayled by the Handed of Matinina (otherwise
called Madanino) Guadalupea and Galanta (otherwise called Galana) of dll whiche wee
haue s|M)ken in the first Decade. Hee passed aNo through the sea of hearbes or werdes,
continuing a long tract: Yet neyther he, nor Colonus the Admirall (who first found these
Ilandes, and say led through this sea of weedes) hatie declared any reason how these weede<<
should come. Some thinke the sea to bee verie muddie there, and that these weedes are en-
gendred in the botcome thereof, and ho beeing loosed, to a^crnde to the vppermost part of
the water, as wee see oftentimes rhaunce in certayne standing pooles, and sometymes also
in great riuer!4. Other suppose that they are not engendred there, but to bee l)eaten from
certayne rockes by the tinlence of the waters in tempestes: And thus they leaue the matter
in doubt. Neyther hane they yet any certayne experience whether they sticke fast or giue
place to the shyppes, or wander loose vpon the water : But it is to be thought, that they are
engendred tYktte, for otherwise they ahoiHdc bee dryuen together one heapes, by the impul-
sion of the shyps, euen as a beasome gatherelh the sweepingcs of a house, and should also
let the course of the sliyppes. The (<Mirlh day after that he departed from Dominica, the
hygh mountayi/e.s coucrcd with snowe, (whereof we haue spoken in the scconde Decade)
appeared vnto him. They say that there the seas ninne as swiftly towarde the West, as it
were a ryuer f^Hing from the toppes of hygh moimtaynes, ajrhough they sayled not directly
toward the West, bfit < inclined somewhat to the Smth. From these mountaynes fallrth
the ryuer of Gaira, famous by the slaughter of our men, at such time as Rodericus Colrne*
n ares passed by those coastes, as we haue sayde before: Likewise many other fayre ryuers
haue their origrntfll from the same mountaynes. This pronince (in the which is also the re-
gion of Caramairi) hath in it two notable hauens, of the which our men named the one
Carthago or Carfhagena, & the other Sancta Martha, the region wherof the inhabitiits cill
Sniurma. The port of Sancta Marth.i, is neerer to the mountnynes rouered with snowe, called
Montes Niiiaie.s, for it is nt the roots of the same mountains, hut the hauen of Carthago is
more westward, ab'uit fyftie leagues, llec wryteth manieilous thinges t.f the hauen of
Sancta Martha, whirhe they also confirmc that came lately from thence : Of the whiih young
Vesputius is one, to whom Amcricus Vesputius his vncle (being a Florentine borne) left
the exact knowledge of the Mariners factilfie, as it were by inheritance after \\u death, for
hee was a very expert maister in the knowledge of his carde, his rompasse, and the eleuatinn
of the pole starre, with all that pertavnelh thereto. This voung Vcsputius was a.ssigned by
the king to bee one of the matsters of the gouernours shyppes, because hee was cunning in
iiidging the degrees of the elenation of the pole starre by the quadrant : For the charge of
gouerning the rudder, was chiefly committed to one Johannes Serranus a Spanyard, who
hadde oftentimes oiierrunne those coastes. Vesputius is my very familiar friend, and a witfje
young man, in whose com j)any I fake great pleasure, and therefore vse him oftentimes for
my ghesl. He hath also made many voyages into these coastes, and diligently noted surhe
thinges as hath seene. Petrus .^rias therefore wryteth, and he confirmeth the same, that the
inhabiianfes of these regions tooke their original! of the Carrilibes or Canibale«, as appeared
by the desperate liercenesse & cruelty which they oftentimes shewed to our men when they
passed by their coastes. Suche stoutnesse and fortitude of mynde is naturally engendred in
the^e naked Barbarians, that they fearrd not toassavie our whole nauie, and to forbidde them
to haue a lande. They fight with venemous arrowes, as wee haue sayde beefore. Perreiu-
ing that our menne cotitemned their threatninges, they ranne furiously into the sea, euen
vp to the breastifs, nothing fearing ey I her the byggenesse or multitudes of our shyppes, but
ceased not continually beeing thus in the water, to cast dartes, and to shoote their venemous
arrowes as thicke as hayle : Insomuch that our men had bin in great danger, if they had not
bin defended by the cages or pauisses of the shyppes, and their targettes : Yet were two of

them

! •<

'.m>-:i

The iMrde DtcaiU.

TRAVFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

279

them wounded, which died ghortly after. But tkis conflict continued so sbarpe, that at theThcvuef
length OUT men wereenfurced to shoote of their greatCMt peeces of ordinaunce with hayle*'"'^''
shoote : at the slaughter and terrible noyse whereof, the Barbarians beeing aore discomfited
and shaken with feare, thinking the same to bee thunder and lightning, turned their backes,
and fledde amaync. They greatly feare thunder, because these regions are oftentimes vexed J^>>« tenmiion
with thunder and lyghtnynges, by reason of the hygh inountaynes, and nearenesse of the Uehmlnt." '"
same to the region of the ayre, wherein such fiery tempests are engendred, which the philo-
sophers call Meteora. And albeit that our men hadde nowe dryuen their enemies to flight,
and iiawe them disparclcd and out of order, yet doubted they, and were of diuers opinions,
whether they shoulde pursue them, or not. On the one partie shame prycked them for-
ward, and on the other side, feare caused them to cast many peryls, especially consideryng
the vencmnus arrowes whiche these Barbarians can direct so certainely. To depart from them
with a drye foote (as saylh the prouerbe) with so great a nauie, and such an armie, they
reputed it as a thing greatly sounding to their reproach and dishonour. At the length there-
fore, shame ouercomming feure, they perswaded them, & came to land with their ship
boates. The gouernour of the nauie, and also Vesputius doe write, that the hauen is no
lesse then three leagues in compasse, being also safe without rorkes, and the water thereof
so cleare, that a man may see pybble stones in the bottome twentie cubits deepe. They say
likewise, that there falleth two fayre ryuers of freshe water into the hauen : but the same to
be meeter to beare the Cannas of these prouinces, then any bygger vessels. It is a delect-
able thing to heare what they tel of the plentie and varietie, and also of the pleasaunt tast P>>nt]r cf fiik.
of the fyshes, aswell of these riuers, as of the sea there about : By reason wherof they found
here manie fysher baatcs and nettes woonderfully wrought of the stalkes of certayne hearbes "
or weedes, dryed and tawed, and wreathetl with cords of spunne gosoxmpine cotton. For
the people of Caramairi, Gaira, and Saturma, are verie cunning in fishing, and vse to sell Cunnint lithets.
fitih to their borderers, for exchaunge of such thinges as they iacke. When our men hadde
thus chased the Barbarians from the sea coastes, and had nowe entred into their houses,
they assay led them with newe skirmishes, especially when they sawe them fall to sacking and
fipoyling, and their wyues and children taken captyue. Their hnuseholde stulle was made of
great recdes, which growe on the sea bankes, and the stalkes of certaine hearbes beaten, and '

aftcrwarde made harde. The (loorcs thereof were strewed, with hearbes of sundrie colours,
and the wailes hanged with a kinde of tapsiry, arliticialy made of gossampine cotton, and Tapiitrie.
wrought with pictures of Lions, Tigers, and Eagles. The doores of their houses and cham
bers were full of diuers kindcs of shcllcs, hnn<;ing loose by small cordes, that being shaken
bv the winde, they might make a certaine ratteling, and also a whisteling noise, by gathering
the winde in their holowo places : for herein they haue great delight, and impute this for a
goodly ornament. Diuers haue shewed .ne many wunderrull thinges of these regions, espe- Thii«ht
tially one Conz;ilus Fcrnandus Oniedus, being one of the magistrates appointed in that wh™ c«danus
olTuc, which the Spani.inles call Veedor, who haue also hitherto entred further into the land*""'"' "
then any other, lie aftirtncth, that he ch.iimced vppon the fragment of a Saphire, bigger Precious stoiwi.
tlien the egge of a goo.se, and that in certaine hillcs where he trauailed with thirtie men, heU^h/tTurH.-
foiindc many of the pretious stones called Smaragdes, Calcidones, and laspcrs, beside great merode.
peeces of Amber of the mountaines. He also, with diuers others do aflinne that in the^f"Ambc^iJ'''
lioiKCs of som of the Canibales of these regions, they found the like precious stones, set in f""'"'':'"
Roiile, and inclosed in tapstry or arras (if it may be so called) wherewith they hang their" "'*
hoiKCs. The same lande hringeth foorth also many woodes of brasile trees, and great ooUc and Bra.
plentie of gold, in so much thst in maner in al places they found on the sea bankes, & on sji"'
the shores, certaine marchasites in token of goide. Fernandus Ouiedus declareth further- Howresci'mVil'
more, that in a certaine region called Zenu, lying fourcscore and tenne miles from Dariena '■■','• ^>"';'_

Kastwardc, they exercise a straunge kinde of marchaundize : For in the houses of the inhabit- ihc kindcs of '

the twigges and leaues of certaine ™",^J,"*

These Lociistcs
_ I bumc Iht cotiie
'""' with touching.

antes they founde great cliests and baskets, made of

trees apte for that purpose, being all ful of Grassehoppers, Grilles, Crabbes, or Crc

lishcs, Snailes akio, and Locustes, which destroie the fieldes of come, all well dried

salted. 3ihI dcuoute the

'if n

.'it

\^'

■' J

1 !

'{^■^:i\

M .1,,.

I t

'.f^J'P

U I

■ I

I ; 'f '1

Mr;

280

reiidur. Thcjp
are in IndU of
three footc
length.

VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS,

The thirde Decade.

Gtrdeni.

Iniuhrn ite
none called

salted. Being demanded why they resented such a multitude of these beastes : they an«
sweared, that they kept them to be soulde to the borderers, whiche dwell further withm the
lande, and that for the exchange of these pretious birdes, and salted fishes, they receiued
of them certayne straunge thinges, wherein partly they take pleasure, and partly vse them
for their necessarie aflfaires. These people dwell not together, but scattered heere and
there. The inhabitantcs of Caramuiri, seeme to dwel in an earthly Paradise, their region
is fayre and fruitefull, without outragious heate, or sharpe colde, with litle diflferencc of the
length of day and night throughout all the yeere. Alter that our men hadde thus dryuen
the Barbarians to flight, they entred into a valley, of two leagues in breadth, and three in
length, extending to certayne fruitefull mountaynes, full of grasse, hearbes, and trees, at
the rootes whereof, lye two other valiies towarde the ryght hande and the left, through ey-
ther of the whiche runneth a fayre ryuer, whereof the ryuer of Caira is one, but vnto the
other they haue yet giuen no name. In these valiies they found many fayre gardens, and
pleasaunt fieldes, watered with trencher, distributed in inarueilous order, with no les.sc art
then our Insubrians and Iletrurians vse to water their fieldes. Their common meate, is Ages,
Lu'nli^'rltn, and lucca, Maizlum, Butt.ita, with such other rootes and fruitcs of trees, and also such fyshe
""cMfc "" ''"^y ^^^ '" *'"^ Ilandes and other regions of those prouinces. They eate mannes fleshc
but seldome, because they meete not oftentimes with straungers, except they goe forth of
their owne dominions with a mayne annie, of purpose to hunt for menne, when their ra-
uenyng appetite pricketh them forwarde : For they abstayne from themselues, and eate none
but suche as they take in the warres, or otherwise by chaunre. But surely it is a miserable
?"thmmSt" *'''"& *° heare howe many myriades of men these filthy and vnnaturall deuourers of mens
flesh haue consumed, and left thousandes of most fayre and fruitefull Ilandes and riegions d^
solate without menne : by reason whereof, our menne found so many Ilandes, whiche for
their fayrenesse and fruitcfulnesse myght seeme to be certayne earthly Paradyses, and yet
were vtterly voyde of men. Hereby your hnlinesse may consider how pemitious a kynde
of men this is. We haue sayde before, that the Hand named Sancti lohannis (which the in-
habitants cal Burichena) is next to Hispaniola. It is sayde, that onely the Canibales which
dwell in the other Ilandes ncere about this, as in the llande railed Hayhay or Sancta Crucis,
and in Guadaliipca (otherwise called Queraqueira, or Caruciiiera) haue in our tyme violently
taken out of the sayde llande of Sancti lohannis, more then fyue thousande menne to be
eaten. But let it suffice thus muche to haue wandered by these monstrous bloud^uclicn.
Wee will now therefore speake somwhat of the rootes wherof they make their bread, foras-
much as the same shall hereafter be foode to Christian men, in steade of breade made of
whcate, and in the steade of radyshe, with such other rootes as they haue beene accustomed
to eate in Kurope. We haue oftentimes sayde before, thnt lucca is a roote, whereof the best
and most delicate bread is made, both in the firme lande of these regions, and also in the
Ilandes: but howe it is tylled or husbanded, howe it groweth, and of how diuers kindcsit
is, I haue not yet decl.nred. Therefore, when they entend to plant this lucra, they malcj
hole in the earth, knee deepc, anti rayse a licape of the earth taken out of the same, (a»li-
ionyng it like a square bedde, of nine foote breadth on eiicry side, getting twelue tninkcs
of these rootes (heinjj about a foote and a halfe long apecte) in cuery of the sayd betides
containing three rootes of a side, so layd a slope, that the endes of them ioyne in manner
together in the center or middest of the bedde within the grounde. Out of the ioviitcs of
the rootes, and spaces betwcene the same, spring the toppcs of the blades of newc rootes,
whiche by little and little encreasyng growc to the bignesse and length of a mans .irme In
the brawne, and oftentimes as bygge as the thygh : so that by the tyme of their lull rvpc-
nesse, in manner all the earth of the heape is conuerted into rootes. But they say that these
rootes are not rypc, in lesse then a yeere and halfe, and that the longer they are suflered m
grow, euen vntil two yeeres compleate, they are so much the better, and more perfecte to
make breade thereof When they are taken foorth of the earth, they scrape them, andslyse
them, with certuync sharpe stones, scruing fo-^ (he same purpose. And thus laying them
betweene two great stones, or putting them in a sacke made of the stalkes of certayne

t(jii''li

The manet of
plintir.g the
nwte luna.

tarih turned
■ ntorootet.

fluw bread it
rtdcaf roan.

■|t

hL a*

ne thirde Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEIUES.

281

tough hearbes an J small rccdcs, they pressc them (.is we doe cheese or crabbes, to drawe
out the iuycc thereof) and so let them dry a day before they cate them. The iuyce or li-
quour they cast away: (.is wee hauc saydc) it is deadly poysoii in the Hands. Yet U
the iuycc of such as growe in the firme lande wholesome, if it be sodde, as is the whey of
our milke. They say that there are many kyndes of this lucca, whereof some are more
ulcasaunt and delicate then the other, and are therefore rcserued as it were to make fyne
Mnnchet for the kinges ownc table : But the Gentlemen eate of the meaner sort, and the
common people of the basest. The finest they call Cazabbi, whiche they make rounde like
rakes, in ccrtayne presses, before they seethe it, or b.ike it. They say furthermore, that
there are likewise diuers kindes of the rootes of Ages, and Battatas. But they vse these ra-
ther .IS fruitcs, and dyshcs of seruire, then to make breadc thereof, as we vse Rapes, Ra-
dishes, Mushromcs, Nauies, Parsnippcs, and suche like. In this case, they most especiully
tstccme the best kindc of Battatas, which in pleasant tast and tenderncsse, farre cxceedcth
cur Mushromcs. It shall suflice to haue sayd thus much of roots : We will nowe therefore
spcakc of anoihcr kindc of their bread. We declared before, that they hauc a k! 1o of
grayne or I'ulse, muche like vnto Panicum, but with somewhat byggcr graynes, which they Panicumiin
bcate into mealc, vpon certayne great hollow stones with the labour of their handes, when th it'nk"'miik ;
they lacke lucca, and of this is made the more vulgar or common bre.ide. It is sowen thrysc '."J^'!''''-"" ""
a yecrc, so that the fruitefulnessc of the ground m.iy beare it, by reason of the cqualitie of"
the time, whereof we haue spoken sufliciently before. In these regions they found also
the grayne of .Maizium, and sundry kindes of fruitcs of trees, diligently planted, and well He nwjneth the
husbanded. The way belwecne the regions of Caramairi and Saturma, is fayre, broadc, and j!|v '& m jht"
ri^ht forth. They founde here also sundry kindes of water pottcs made of earth, of djucrs "'"'i' ''"'"'-
ioloiirs, in the which they both fcfchc and kecpc freshc water : Lykcwisc sundry kindes of "."dcrMu'i^'u"-'
iiigges, godderdes, drinking ruppes, pottes, pannes, dishes, and platters, artificially made, """'•'"'i'"^-
When the gouernour hadde giuen commaundement by proclamation, that the inhabitantes
should eyther obey the Christian king, and embrace our religion, or els to depart out of
their countrey : they answered with venemous arrowes. In this skirmishe, our mennc tooke
some of them : whereof, clothing the most parte in fayre apparell, they sent them agayne
to their owne companie : But leading the residue to the shyppes, to the intent to shew them
the power and magnificence of the Christians, that they might declare the same to their com-
panions, thereby to wynne their fauour, they appareled them lykewise, and sent them
after their fellowes. They alTirme, that in all the ryuers of these coastes, they sawe great
argumentes and tokens of golde. They founde here and there in their houses good store of
Harts flesh, & Bores flesh, wherewith they feddc themselues delicately. They also haue
great plenty of sundry kindes of birdes, and foules, whereof they bring vppe many in their
houses, some for necessaric food, and otiier for dayntie dyshes, as wee doe Hennes and Par-
trichcs. Our menne hereby conicciure, that the ayre of these regions is very wholsomc, Hoisome lyre.
forasmuch as sleeping all night vnder the firmament on the bankes of the ryuers, none of
them were at anie tyme otiended with reumes or headache, by reason of any noysome hu-
mour, or vapour proceeding from the earth, ayre, or water. Our menne furthermore founde
there many great botomes of gossampine cotton ready spunne, and fardelles of dyuers kindes 3n"'IJ''''"'
of feathers, whereof they make themselues crestes and plumes, after the maner of our men Ffiihen.
of armes : also ccrtaine dokes, which they csteeme as most comely ornamcntes. They
founde likewise an innumerable multitude of bowes and arrowes. The inhabitantes also of Bonesmd
these regions, in .some places vse to burnc the carkases of their princes when tjjey arc dead, """"''■
and to rescrue their bones buryed with spyces in certayne hylles. In other places, they onelv ivij s.du, «•
dric them, and imbalme tlieni with spyces and swecte gummes, and so reserue them in sc-»"'^"'-
pulchcrs in their owne houses. .Somewhere also, they drie thcni, spycc them, adournc
them with precious iewelles, and ouches, and so reuercntly place them in certain taberna-
cles, made for the same purpose in their owne pallaccs. When our men h.iddc many of
their tablettes, brasclettcs, collcrs, and such other ouches (which they call Guanines) they S"""!"* Oui-
foiuid them rather to be made of laton then of golde: whereby they suppose that they haue 'i^'y "yu''nm-'
vsed to e\chaunge their ware with some craftic straungers, which brought them those coun- "'y'^'^iywi'ii

° /x " " ^ {, .. tile iuv.e .4 a

VOL. V. t) o terfcit „„.,,„, ucmW.

«'|'>.N

* '

If f

<',tn

\h..

fe lii^

iJm!! I* '

.^^»-'.t— T

Wti -^

i itti

■» iri

'i 1 .? ■ (

■ I .it.

I'! 1

\^ m

;J ■

'.J

H '

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIOXS,

The Ihirik Dtcndt.

Wliiif marble.

TIk |Te«i ryuer
Mjrtifnunui.
'riiii ioyttfth
wi'hihf ini^htie
iiutr iMllcd
Flumcn Anttiio*
num, fuuiij of
btr.

Clokn of kt-

Tht nrift courw
of thr water.

Fourtif Iragucf
in one oifht.

Sundry opiniona

why thr wa
ruiiDfth with 10
a»i(tt- (.'ouiw
fiom thr Katt
iuio the Writ,

Thf E(]iiinoc-
tull lynr.
Vhy ;»l 'V jtfr»
rrour '.iw jiile
tht .Niunh or
EtfiiDv .fiall,
lud Cari^nua
dr III' tint, lihcr
ii dr rlrincittia.
btrayshtck.

Ai by tht

.!r,j l.tuf Ma.

ft lit 1U-.

I'lr North
Liidil.

The fraxn ica.

Srbaiiian Cabol.

terfeit ouches, to derraude them of their goldc : For euen our men perceined not the de-
ceit vnlill they came to the melting. Furthermore, certayne of our builders wandering a
little way from the sea coaites, chanced to find certayne peeccs of white marble : whereby
thev thinke that in time pastt some itrangere haue come to those lands, which haue digged
marble out of the niounlaines, and left those fragments on the playne. There our men
learned that the riucr Maragnonus desccndeth from the mountaynes couered with snow, called
Montcs Niuales, or Serra Neuata, and the same to bee encrcascd by many other riner*.
which fall into it throughout all the lowc and waterly regions, by the which it runneth with
so long a tract from the sayd mountaynes into the sea, and this to be the cause of the grcat-
ncsse thereof. These thiriges being thus brought to passe, the goucrnour commaunded the
trumpeter to blowc a retraite : Whereupon they which were sent to land (being fine hiin-
dred in number) making a great .-»hout for ioy of their victory, set thi mselues in order of
battaylc, and so keeping their array, returned to the ships laden with spoyle of those pro-
uincfs, and shining in souldiers clokcs of feathers, with fayrc plumes iS; crestes of variable
colours. In this meanc time, hauing repayrcd their ships, and furnished the same with all
necessaries, they loosed anker the xvi. day of the Calendes of hily, directing their cou^e
to the hauen of Carthagena, in the which voyage they destroyed & wasted certayne Ilandi
of the Canibales, Iving in the way according as they were commanded by the king. But
the Hwift course of the water dcieiiied both lohannes Sanranus the chicfe Pilot of the gn.
(lemoiirs ship, and al the other although they made their host that they perfectly knew the
nature thcn)f : For they aflirme that in one night they were caried fourty leagues beyond
their estimation.

The sixt Chapter of the thirdc Decade.

IIEre must wee somewhat digresse from Cu.smognphy, and make a philosophicall iU.
course to scarche the secret causes of nature. For wher as they all aflirme with one con<
sent that the !«ca runneth there from the East to the Weste, as swiftely as it were a rjucr
falling from high moutaynes, I thought it not good to let such matter slyppe vntouched.
The which while I consider, I am dnwne into no small ambiguitie and doubt, whyther those
waters haue their course, whiche flowe with so continuall a tract in circuite from the East, ai
though they fiedde to the West, neuer to retiirne, and yet neyther the West thereby any
whit the more fylled, nor the East emptied. If we shall say that they fal to their centre (an
in the nature of heauie thinges) and assigne the Equinoctiall lyne to bee the centre (as
"ome aflirme) what centre shall we appnynt to be able to receiue so great abundance of wa-
trr ; Or what circumference shall be found wet ; They whiche haue searched those coastes,
haue yet founde no like rea.son to bee true. Many thinke that there should be certaine
lar^e strayi;htes or entrances in the corner of that great lande, which we descrilied to be
right tymes bigger then Italic, and the corner thereof to bee full of gulfes, whereby they
supp .sc that some strayghtes .shoulde passe thnmgh the same, lying on the West side of the
llande nl Cuba, and that the sayde straightes shoulde swalowe vp those waters, and so con*
ueye the »ame into the West, and from thence agayne into our East Ocean, or North seas,
as some thinke. Other will, that the gulfe of that great lande bee closed vppe, and the
lande to reache farre towardc the North on the backe side of Cuba, so that it embrace the
North lanJes, which the frosen sea rncompasseth vnder the North pole, and that all the lande
of tluwe coasts, should ioyne together as one firme lande : Whereby they coniecture, that
those waters shoulde be turned about by the obiect or resistance of that lande, so bending
towarde the North, as we see the waters turned about in the crooked bankes of certayne ry-
uers. But this agreeih not in all povntes. For they al.so which haue searched the frosen
sea, and sayled from thence into the West, doe likewise affirme, that those North seas flowe
continually tow.ml the West, although nothing so swiftly. These North seas haue bin
e.nrchcd by one Sebastian Cabot, a Venetian borne, whom being yet but in manner an in-
fant, his parents caryed with them into F.nglandc, hauing occasion to resort thither for trade
ot mar(-handi7.e, as is the manner of the Venitians, to leaue no parte of the wnrlde vn*
searched to obiayne rychesse. Hce therfore furnished two shyppes in England at his owne

charges :

'til ''

The Ihirde Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

288

charged : And flr*t with three hundred menne, directed his counc so Tarre towarde the North Thcnyttr or
pole, that ciien in the moncth of Inly he found monslrouM heapes of Ise swimminf; on the ivom'En"iMdi°'
8ca, and in manner continuall day light: Yet sawe hce the lande in that tracte free from ("tiiH TtMn*
Ise, whiche hadde beenc inoulten by heate of the Sunne. Thu* seeing such heapes of he '"*
bcefore him, hee was enforced to turne hiit nnyles, and folowe the West, so coasting still by
the shore, that he was thereby brought so far into the South, by reason of the landc bend-
ing so much southwarde, that it was there almoMt cquail in latitude with the sea called Fre-
tiim Herculeum, hauing the North pole eleuate in maner in the same degree. He sayled
likewise in this tract so furre lowanle the West, that hee hadde the Hand of Cuba on his left
hande, in maner in the same degree of longitude. As he trauayled by the constes of this
great landc (whiche he named BaccallaoM) he nnyth, that hee founde the like course of the
waters toward the Wet^t, but the same to run more softly and gentlely, then the swift waters
which the Spanyardes founde in their nauigaiions southwarde. Wherefore, it is not onely
more like to bee true, hut ought also of necessity to be concluded, that bcptwecne both the
landes hitherto vnknown there shoulde lie certayne great open phiccs, whereby the water
ithould thus continually passe from the East into the VVe^t ; which waters I liupposc to be
(Iryuen about the globe of the earth by the vncessaunt mouing and impulsion of the heau-
ens, and not to be swalowed vp and cast out agayne by the breathing of Dcmogorgon, a,i nemogorgonif
some haue imagined, beecause thry see the seas by increase & decrease, to flow and reflow. Jjitf,'!'""'
Sebastian Cabot himselfc named those laiides Baccallaos, because that in the sens therabout
he founde so great multitudes of ceitaync bygge fyshes, much like vnto Tunnies (which
thinhabitants call Baccallaos) that they sometimes stayed his shyppes. I!ec founde also the
people of those regions couered with bciistcs tikinnes: yet not without the vsc of reason. P't'"-""""*
He also saylh there is great plentie of Beares in those regions, whicho vsc to eatc fyshe ; Ikli ntl""
For plungeing themselues into the water where they perceiue a nmliitiulc of these fyjhes
to lye, they fasten their clawes in their scales, and so drawe them to landc, and eatc them ;
So that (as he sayth) the beares beeing thus satisfied with fyshe, arc not noysomc to me:ine.
He declareth further, that in many places of these regions, he sawe great plentie of laton
among the inhabitantes. Cabot is my very fricnde, whom I v.se familiarly, and delight to
h.iue him sometimes keepe mee companie in my owne house : For beeing called out o| En-
glande by the rommaundement of the Catholike king of Castile, after the death of Henry
King of Englande, the seuenth of that name, hee was made one of our counsayle and as*
sistance as touching the alTayres of the new Indict, looking dayly for shyppes to bee fur*
nishcd for him to discoiier this hiddc secret of nature. This voyage is appoynted to be be-
gunne in Marchc in the yecre next following, being the ycerc of Christc. 1516. What
shall succeede, your holynesse shall be .idiiertised by my letters, if Cod graunt me life.
Some of the Spanyardos denie that Cabot was the first finder of the lande of Bacallaos, and
afhrmc that hee went not so farre Wcsfwarde : But it shall suflice to haue saydc thus muche
of the g'llfes and strayghtcs, and of Sebastian Cabot. Let vs nowe therefore returne to the
Spanyardes. At this time, tiicy let pa-sse the hauen of Carthago vntouched, with all the
Ilandes of the Canibales thereabout, whiche they named Insulas Sancfi Bernardi, leaning The iund« of
also behinde their backcs, all the regions of Caramairi. Heere by reason of a sodayne tem- •'" ^""'''*'"-
pest, they were cast vpon the Hande Fortis, beeing abon; fyftie leagues distaunt from the ''"'""""*'
entraunce of the gulfe of Vraba. In this Hande, they founde in the houses of tSv inhabi-
tantes, many baskets made of certaine great sea reedes, full of salt. For this It ,■' .'uith in
it many gootlly salt bayes, by reason whereof ihey haue great plentie of salte, wi'-:!i they s*'"-
kW to other nations for such ihingcs as they stand in necde of. Not farre from hence, a
^'reat Curlew, as bigge as a Stnrke, came flying to the gouernours shippe, and suffered her a nrang thinj,
hclfe to be easely taken, which beeing caryed about among ail the shyppes of the nauie,
dyed shortly after: They sawe also a great multitude of the same kinde of foules on
the shore a farre of. The gouernours shyppe, which we sayde to haue lost the rudder,
beeing nowe sore broosed, and in manner vnprofltable they left behinde, to followe at lea-
Hire. The nauie arryued at Dariena the twelfth day of the Calendes of Inly, and the go-

O o 2 uernours

■'I

ii'

\k lit'

i'i,

mi'iij

284

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

The thtrde Decade.

Mow V.i)ihui
rrvrmed the
iitwi luiMtiiuur.

Hihiiiblr rfgl-
oni vnilti the
Ei|uiiioclitUlinr.

Whrrf thf new

guiiritK'ur pLint-
rth hlitljharf-
lioo.

Apilsii)£fr iliip.

Drruri.ini irc
officers druulrd
into teimes &i'.

The foldi- TTiinfi

iiernoiiM shippc (beiiiR voidc of men) wan ciriiicn alandc in the same coasfe* within foiirp
tlaioH after. The Spanianlos whiche now inhabited Daricna, with their Caplainc and Liruc-
tcnaiint Vnsrhiw Nnnnez Halboa (of whome we haue largclic made mention before) hcing
certified of the arriuali of Pelrus Arias and his companie, went fourth three inilen to mcetp
him, and receiiicd him honoral»ly, and religiously with the iwalme Tc dcum laiulamiifi,
giuinjj thanltes to (Jod bv whose safe conduct they were brouj-ht ho prosperously thitherto
a! their comfortcs. They recciued them gladly into their houses builded after the niancr
of those prouinccs. I may wcl tal these regions, Prouinces, a Trocul Vittis ( that is) siidi
as are ouercome farrc of, forasnuichc as our men do now inhabile the same, al the barharoim
kingesand Idolatours being elected. They entertained them with such rhcare as li.ey werp
able to make them : as with the fruites "of those regions, and new bread, both made of
rootcs and the graine >faizium. Other delirates to make vp the feast, were of their own
store, which they brought with them in their ships, as poudred llcsh, salted fishe, and
bread made of wheat : for they l)riiught with them many barrellcs of whcate meale for the
same purpose. Ilcere may your holinesse, not without iust cause of admiration, behoidt-a
kinges nauie and ureat multitude of Christians, inhabiting not only the regions situate vndci
the circle of heaucn, called Tropicus Cancri, but also in mancr vnder the Equinoctiall line,
contrarie to the opinion of tlie oldc wryters, a fewc excepted. Hut after that they are nowc
melte ti'gcathcr, let vs further declare what they determined to do. Therefore, the day
after that the nauie arriucd, there assembled a comp.iny of Spaniards thinhabitours of Darieiu,
to the nuber of foure hinulred and fifiic men. Petrus Arias the gouernour of the naiiv,
and his companie, conferred with them both priuilie and openlic of ccrtainc article^,
whereof it was the kinges pleasure he shouldc enquire: and most especially as concernin<;
suclie ihinges whereof Vaschus the first finder and Admirall of the South sea, made mention
in his large letter sent from Dariena to Spaine. In this inquisition they fnunde al tliin;;4
t'> be true whereof Vaschus had certified the king by his letters, and therevpon cocludcd,
that in the dominions of Comogra, Pocchorrnsa & Tumanama, at the assignemenlof Vascliii*,
cerlaine fortresses shoulde be erected foorfhwith, to thintent there to plant their colonic or
hai)ilalion. To the better accomplyshment hereof, they sent immcdiatly one lohannes Aion,
a noble young gentle man of Cordiiba, & vnder IJcuctenant, with foure hundred men, and
foure ("araucis, and one other litlc ship. Thus departing, he sailed first directly to the haucn
of Cnmogrus, distant from Dariena about twentie and fine leagues, as they write in their
la-t leiicrs. From hence, he is appointed to sende a hundred and fiftie of his foure hundred,
tow;irdc the South, by a newe and righter way founde of late, bv the whiche (as they say)
it is not past twentie and sixc leagues from the pallace of king Comogrus to the entrauncc
of the gulfe of Sancti Michaclis. The residue of the foure hundred shal rcmainc there, to
be an aide and succour to al such as shall iorney to and fro. Those hundred and fiftie whidic
are assigned to go souihwarde, take with them for interpretours certain of our men, which
had learned the soothern language of the bondmen which were giuen to Vaschus when he
ouerraniie t!u)-e regions, & also cerlaine of the bondemen themselues which had nowe learned
the Spaiiislie tongue. They say that the hauen of P(Hchorro^a is only seuen leagues distant
from the hauen of Comogrus. In Pocchorrosa he is assigned to leaue fiftie men, with the
lightest ship, which may be a passinger betwene them : that like as we vse post horses by
land, so may they by this currant ship, in short space certifie the Lieuetenaunt and thin-
habitours of Daricna of such thinges as shpl chaunce. They entend also to build houses
in the region of Tumanama. The pallace of king Tumanama, is distant frO Pocchorrosa
about twenty leagues. Of these foure hundred men, being of the olde souldiers of Daricnn,
& men of good experience : fiftie were appointed to be as it were Decurians, to guide and
conduct the newe men from place to place to do their alVaires. When they had thus set .ill
thinges in order, they thought it good to aduertise the king hereof and thcrwiih to ccnitie
him, that in those prouinces there is a king named Dabaiba, whose dominion is verie richc
in gold, but the same to be yet vntouchcd by reason of his great power. His kingdnmc
ioiueth to the second great riuer, named Dabaiba after his name, whiche falleth into the sea

out

ne thirdc Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERILS.

285

oHi of the corner "f the guITe of Vraba, as wc haiic largely declared before. The common
report ia, that all the land of hix dominionn is* rychc in goide. The pallacc of KinK Dabaiba
iit fyflie league* dixlant from Daricna. The in' liitauntcH say, that from the paliacr, the
gold myne« reach to the bordcrH on euery nide. Albeit our menne hauo also golde myncn
not to bee contemned, euen within three leap;urft of Dariena, in the which they gather goUli-
in many places at thi>4 present : Yet tlo they adirmc greater plentie to bee in the mync* of
Dabaiba. In the bookcs of our limt fruitcH, written to your holinetMe, wc made mention of
this Dabaiba, wherein our men were dccciued, and mystooke the matter : For where they An nr.n,r.
founde the fyithcrmen of king Dabaii)a in the mnrysthc', they thought hia region had beenc
there also. They determined therefore to scnde to king Dabaiba, three hundred choysr
young men, to be choHcn out of the whole armic, a>i mont apt to the warres atid well fur-
niohed with all kyndes of armour and artillerie, to the intent to gn vnto him, and will him,
eytlicr friendly and peaceably to permit them to inhabite part of his kingdome, with the
fruition of the golde mynes, or els to bidde him battayle, and driuc him out of his countrey.
In their Ictteru, they oftentimes repeatc this for an argument of great ryches to come, that
they in a manner dygged the ground in no pl.ice, but founde the earth myxt with sparkcs
and small grayncs of golde. They hauc also adiiertiHed the king, that it shal be commodious
to place inhabitours in the hauen of Sancia Martha, in the region of Saturma, that it may The rftmn pi
be a place of refuge for them that sayle from the llande of Dominica, from thewhiche ( as .,?|5"'|7anje .1
they say) it is but fnure or Rue dayes sayling to that hauen of the region of .Saturma, and UomuiitM.
from the hauen, but three dayes »ayling to Daricna. Hut this is to bee vnderstoode in
going and not in returning. For the returning from thence is so laborious and difficulte, Difficult lajfinii
by reason of the contrary course of the water, that they seemc as it were to ascende hyghe "uj'""u(,h, „i.
mountiiynes, and siryuc agaynstc the power «>f Noptunus. This swift course of the sea
towardes the West, is not so violent to them whichc relume to Spayne from the Ilandes of
Ilispaniola and Cuba, although they also doe labour agaynsi tlie fall of the Ocean : The cause
whereof is, that the sea is heere very large, so that the waters hauc their full scope. But
in the tract of I'aria, the waters are constrained together by the bending sides of that great
lande, and by the multitude of llandes lying against it, as the like is secne in the strayghtea
or narrowe seas of Scicile, where the violent course of the waters cause the daungerous
places of .Scilla and Caribdis by reason of those narrowe seas which conteyne Ionium, Th«daun|trom
I.ibicum, and Tirrhenum. Colonus the firsie fmder of these regions, hath left in wryting, s'"|fj''j"j°ch..
that sayling from the llande of Guanassa, and the prouinces of laia, Maia, and Cerabaro, libdii.
being regions of the West marches of Beragun, he founde the course of the water so vehe-
ment and furious agaynst the forepartc of his shippe, while he saylcd from those coastea
towarde the East, that he coulde at no time touche the ground with his sounding plummet,
but that the contrarie violence of the water woulde beare it vppc from the bottome: Hec
aflfirmeth also, that hee coulde neuer in one whole day, with a meetely good winde, wynne
one myle of the course of the water. And this is the cause why they are oftentimes en- Thf vrhemct
forced to savle first bv the llandes of Cuba and Ilispaniola, and so into the mavne sea """« "f •'«"«

.', ,- , ... li^Ti 1 #'i't. "onifnc hut III

towarde the North, when they returne to fSpaine, that the North wyndea may further their the wm.
voyage, whiche they cuiinot bring to passe by a direct course : But of the motions of the
Ocean sea to and fro, this shall sulFice. Let vs nowe therefore rehearse what they write of
Dariena, and of their habitation there, which they call Sancta Maria Antiqua, planted on
tiie sea bankes of Dariena. The situation of the place, hath no natural munition or defence,
& the aire is more pestiferous then in Sardus. The Spanishe inhabitours are all pale and
yelowe, like vnto them which haue the yclowe iaundies : which neuerthelesse commeth not
ol the nature of the region, as it is situate vnder the hauen. For in many regions being
vndcr the selfe sanie degree of latitude, hauing the pole of the same eleuation, they find
holsomc & temperate ayre, in such places where as the earth bringeth forth fayre springes
of wiit(r, or where holsome riuera runne by bankes of pure earth without miidde: but most
esperially where they inhabite the sides of the hils, and not the vallcyes. But that habitation
wliiche is on the bankes of the ryuer of Dariena, is situate in a dcepe valley, and cnuironed

> f'>

'H\

1 i

' t '

If ' ,

•fr' ' f I

n-i •

■••■•■vi. _

..\:

\\ i> <

t I

irii vj!

4 - !

VOYAOLS, NAUIOATIONS,

The thtrdt Decadt,

on etiery tide with high hillei : By rraton whereof, it receiueth the Sunnc beame* at nooneiyde
directly perpendicular oner their headet, and are therefore tore vexed by reflection of the
fh'. UuiH.,"""" beamea, both before, behinde, and from the aidea. For it ia the reflection of the lunna
br>mti<»Hu.. beamea whiche cainelh frnient heate, and not their acceaae or nccrenetHe lo the earth.
•f f.rufnt h««t. forasmuch a<t they are not pasnible in thcnmclucn, ai doth manifcatly appeare by the anowr
lying continually vnmoulten vpon crrtaync hygh mnuntayneii, aa your holineue knowcili
right well. The aunne beamn therfore lulling on the mounlaynca, are reflected dnwnwanle
into the valley, by reaion of the obiectc of the declining aidea of the hyUea. aa it were ihc
fall of a great rounde stone, rowled from the topue of a mountaync. The valley therefore
rrceiueth both tho«e beiime* whiche fall directly thereon, and alao thoie whiche are reflecJert
Tii r/unui'i. <l«»wnewardc from cucry side of the mounl:iyiifii. Their habitation therefore in Dariena, ji
"" "' |ierniciouM and vnwholenomr, oncly <'f llie particular nature of the place, and not by thf
niluntion of the region as it ia placed vnder the hcauen, or neerc lo the aunne. The pl.irr
i* nlno oulragious by the nature nf the aoilc, by reaaon it is compaaaed about with muddle
and atinking maryahca, the inferiion whereof U not a little encreaaed by the heate : The
village it aelfe ia in a maritihc and in manner a Mtandlng puddle, where, of the droppea fallin)>
»1 f'l'i'i'rJd'l.f ''" ^'^^ ''" handed of the bondemcn, while they water the pnuemcntea of their houtea. Tender
Ju'ftvt *"»tir. are engendred immediately, aa I my aelfe aawc in another place the droppea of that waur
turne into (liea in the Sommer aca^*on. Furthermore, whcreaoeuer they diggc the ground
the depth of n handfull and a hnlfe, there apringeth out vnwholeanme and corrupt water, of
the nature of the ryuer, whiche runneth through thedeepe and muddy chanell of the valley,
and HO fallcth into the oca: Now therefore they conault of rcmoouing their inhabitatioiu.
!!'iiwi'' *'"'' N*"*" **■''* canted them first to fatten their foote heere, becauae that they whiche first arryued
in thoi^e landea, were oppreaaed with auche vrgcnt hunger, that they haildc no reaucct to
chann^c the place, althou;<h they wore thua vexed by the contagion of the aoyle and hrair
of the Sunnc, bceaide the corrupt water, and infectious ayre, by reason of venemoua vapoufk,
and exhalation* ryeyng from the same. An other great incommodity waa, that tl)e place
wa.0 destitute of a commodious hauen, being three Icaguea diilaunt from the mouth of the
gulfe : The way m aim rough and difficult to bring victualler and other nrcemaries from the
pea. But let vh nowe Niieake Rnmewhat of other particular thingCH which chaunced. There-
fore lihortly after that they were arryued, there happened many thinges whereof they hadde
no knowledge before. A certayne well learned phisition of Ciuile, whom partly the au«
thnritie of the Bywhop of Dariena, and p<irtly the desire of goldc, had allured to thoac lander,
was so scarred with lightning in the night season, lying in bedde with his wife, that the
house and all the stutfe tlierein being set on fire and burnt, hee and hia wife beeing sore
scorched, ranne foorth crying, and almost naked, hardly eacaping the diiunger of death.
And another time as certayne of them stoode on the shore, a great Crocodile sodenly caryed
away a mastic of a ycere and a halfe olde, as a kyte shoulde haue snatched vp a chicken :
and this eiicn in the presence of them all, where the miserable dogge cryrd in vaine for the
heipe of his maister. In the nyght season they were tormented with the byting of batlrii,
whiche arc there so noysomc, that if they bite any man in his sleepe, they pultc him in
daunger of life, oncly with drawing of bloude: In lo much that some banc dyed thereof,
falling as it were into a consumption through the maliciousnesse of the venemous wounde.
If these Battes chaunce to finde a cockc nr a henne abroad in the night season, they byte
them by the combes, and so kil them. They also whiche went last into these dominions,
do write, that the lande is troubled with Crocodiles, Lions, and Tygers : but that they haue
nowe deuised artes and rngins how to take them. Likewise that in the houses of their fcl>
lowes they foiindc the hides and cases of such Lions and Tygers as they hadde killed. They
write furthermore, that by reason of the ranknesse atid fniitefulnessc of the grounde, kyne,
•wyne, and horses, doc marueilously increaae in these regions, and growe to a muche bygger
quantitie then they whiche were of the first broode. Of the exceeding highnestie of the
trees with their frnites, of the garden hearbes, fruites, plantes, and seedes, which our men
brought from Spainc, and sowed and set the same in these regions : likewise of the Hartes

and

A houif nt on
6rr »ith lijht.
ninf.

Aiioggf <f.
unurrd t-f ■
C'r.KiHlilf.
Tinqiiani cjnU
>lr Nilo.
Tlu- byting of
Birtn.

l.inni ind
Tyicfi.

htKhrr in their
Ititdc.

Ml.

Tfie Ihtrde Dteada.

TnAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

887

and other foure footed benNlei both tame and wildc, alio of diuen kindei of foiilm, birdet,
nnd flthn, they write euen aw wee hauc declared in the decade* before. Carcia, the kins
of the region of Cioba, wa« with them for the ipace of three daiet : whom when thrv imd
friendly entertained, and shewed him the ucrete places of (heir shippcN, their llonc* alio,
with their trappers, bardes, and other furnimenles.bciiide many other thingeiiwhirhe Neeinnl
straunge to him, and had further delighted hiM minde with the harmony of their musical in-
strumentes, & giuen him many rcwardcM, they diitmiased him halfe amaaed with too mucht*
admiration. He signified vnto them, that thrre are trees in that prouince, of the plankeH
whereof if shippes were made, they shoulde be safe from the woormcs of the sen, whichr
they call Bromas. Howe these woormes gnawe and corrode the shippcs, we hauc declared
before. Our shippes are f^reatly troubled with this plague, if they lie long in the haurns
of these regioni. But they aflirme that the wood of this tree is mo bitter, that the woormcs
will not laHtc thereof. There iw also an other tree peculiar to thexe landes, whose leaue^ if
they onrly touche the bare in any plnce of a mans body they cause great blisterx, and those
w malitious, that except the same he foorthwith healed with snile water or fasting spittle,
they do incontinently engender deadly paines. They say lilwewisr, that the sauour of the
wood is present poison, and that it can no whither be caned without daunger of life. When
ihinliabitantes oi^ the ilande of Hispaniola h.id ofienlimes attempted to shake of the yoke ol
seruitude, and cnulde neucr bring the wame to pawtc, neither by oper warre, nor yet by
priuie (-on«piraries, they were determined in the night scaxon to haue killed our men in
their Nkepc with the smoke of this wood : But when the Christian men had knowledge
hereof, ihey compelled the poore wretches to confcssc there intent, and punished the chiefe
auihours of the deuicc. Tliey haue aNo a rertainc hearbe with the sauour whcrof they are
prcsenied from ihc hurl of this vcnemoiis wood, so thai they may beare it safely. Of ihesc
small thingcs it shall siilHre to hauc saide thus much. Thry lonkv d.iyly for many grrater
thinges to certilie vs of from the llundes of the South sea : For at such time .is the mes«ri)gtT
whiche brought our letters departed from thcncr, Feirus Arias prepared an ex potlilion to
that ric'hc Ilande which lieth in ihc mouth of the giilfe called Sinus S. Michaelis, and rencheth
into the South sea, being also left vntouched of Vaschus, by reason that the Sea was at that
lime of the yeerc sore troubled with tcmpestes, as we hauc further declared in V.-ischus his
voiage to the Stulh. Wee l(Mike therefore dayly for greater thinges then are hitherto past.
For they haue now taken in hande to subdue manic other prouinces, which we suppose to be
either very rirhe or to bring fiMirth some straunge workcs of nature. lohannes Diaz Solisius
ofNcbrissa ( of whom we haue made mention before) is sent by the front of the cape or
point of Sancli Augustini (which reacheth seuen degrees bi^onde the Equinoctial line, and
prrteinclh to ihed 'niii ion of the Porlugales) to ihintent to ouerninne the South side, from
the baike hnlfe of I'arij, Cumana, Cuf|uibacea, with the hauens of Carthago, and S.inrta
Kfartha, of Dariena also, and Beragua, that more perfect and certaine knowledge may be
had of those tractcs. Further more, one lohannes I'oncius was sent foorth with three shi|i<«,
to destroie the Canibales, both in the lande and llandes thereabout: aswell that the nations
of the more humane & innocent people may at the length liue without feare of that pes-
tiferous generation, as also the better and more safely to searche the secretes and richesse
of those regions. Many other likewise were sent diuers and sundrie waies, as Gasper Ba«
(!aio<'ias to search the West partes, Franciseus liexerra, to saile by the corner of the gulfe
and V;illi>ius, to i^m-c by the mouth or enteraiincc thereof to the I^aste coastes of the gulfe,
ro searche the secretes of the lande, in the which Fogeda with his company had of late begun
to ubnl there habitation, and had builded a fortresse and a village, Badaiocius departed first
from Ihricna, with f>>ure^core souldiours wel appointed, whome Lndouicus Mercado folowed
with lil'tie: To Bezerra were also fourescore aswigned, and tiirecscore and tenne to Valleius.
Whether il ey shall arriue at safe and commodious hauens, or fall into vnfortiniate stations,
he oneiy knowelh whose prouidence rulcth all: for as for vs men wee are included uiihin
the knowledge of thinges after they haue chaunced. Let vs nowe therefore come to other
uiattcn.

The

N.ii«.

■rami nr Dif4
•rt wonm,
which Jiitiiif
■hipi"!.

A vtiifinovii
tree.

Ptrhiipi that

ft HfnilHIl Ir.

root art maJ**'
ihil irtKjJi..

A rmcruiliin
aKainit poliun.

The lUndi of
ihe liuuih >ea.

The tith lli(J
cJleil Uiiei.

Cap. uncti Aii-

gaMini.

Of the cuil tuc*

cctie of theM

*oia|ci, reade

decade, J.

I.ibr. 9.

An eipeditiLMi
Co (.ealroy ibc
Camktlci.

S. l.iu. J).

.' -.r.'

ri'f 'fit

:iMi,!

U'il ("i

I' ■ I >.' 1 • 'I'll

t if

1 't

\-'

■'tff ''

'■

1 1

.1"
I.

.'J

.+■'

288

The naiiigations
of Andrras
Mum lit.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,
The seiienth Chapter of the thirde Decade.

The thirde Decatk,

A panicular de-
scription of the
ILiidr of His-
panioLt.
NtTfi.fcs .irf

(iyinpnc5 o.

the

tea, he miMiictli
Mamlts.

Trthis tfie wife
of Neptiiiuis t<
Kitdijes ul i'M

Gre.u pearlci.

Hi^paniitla like
\titt> ilu- earthly
I'^radiic.

The firit inhl-
httourk of Ills-
paiuuU.

I«tu<alem.

Mcihi.

'I Mr ItanUci of

PEtrus Arius the goucrnour of the supposed cotinent, was scanly entred into the mayne
sea with his nauie, onwarde on his voyage to Daricna, but I was adueriised that one Andreas
Moralis a pilot, who had oftentimes ouerrun the coastes of these newe seas, and the Ilandes
of the same, was come to the court to sel such marchandies as he brought with him from
thence. This man had diligently searched the tracte of the supposed continent, and espe-
cially the inner regions of the Uande of Hispaniola, whereunto hcc was appoynted by his
brother Nicolaus Ouandus ( the gouernour of the Ilande, and chiefe Commendator of the order
of the knights of Alcantara) because he was a wittie man, and more apt to search such
thinges then any other : so that with his ownc handes hee drewc fayre cardes and tables of
such regions as hee discoucred. Wherein a? iie hath beenc founde faithful] of such as haiic
since had better triall hereof, so is he in most credite amongst the best sort. He therefore
resorted to me, as all they are accustomed to do which returne from the Ocean. What I learned
of him & diners other, of things heretofore vnknown, I wil now declare. The beginning of
this narration, shall be the particular description of the Ilande of Hispaniola, forasmuchc as
it is the heade, and as it were, the ]irincipall marte of all the liberality of the Ocean, and
hath a thousand & againe a thousand, faire, pleasant, beautiful!, & rich Nereides, whiciic
lye about ii on euery side, adorning this their lady & mothe^ as it were an other Tethis the
wife of Ncptunus enuyroning her about, & atlC'ding vpo her as their qiicene U patroncsM'.
Hut of these Nereiades (that is to say, the Ilandes placed about her) wee will speake more
hereafter. Lette vs in the meane tyme declare somewhat of the Ilande whichc our mcnnc
named Margarita Diucs (which the Spanyardes call De las perdas) being nowe well knowne,
and lying in the South sea in the gulfe cnlled Sinus Sancti Michaelis (that is) saint Micharli
guile. This Ilande hath presently brought to our knowledge many straunge and woondrr-
full thinges, and promiseth no small hope of greater thinges in tyme to come. In this U
lounde great plenty of i)carles, so fayrc and great, that the sumptur)us queene Cleopatra
might hauc seemed to wcarc them in her crowncs, ch.Tynes, and brasleltes. Of the shel-
fishes wherein these arc engeiidred, we wil speake somewhat more in the end of this nar-
ration. But let vs nowe returne to Hisj)ani()la, moste like vnto the earthly paradise. In thp
description hereof, wee will bc^inne of the imposition of diners names, then of the fourmc (f
the'Il.inde, temperate ayre, and beneficiall hauen, and linally of the deuision of the regions.
Thcrforc for the righter pronounciation of the names, your holines must vnderstand that ihcy
are pronounced with the accent, as you may know by the verge set ouer the heads of the
vowels, as in the name of the Ilande Matinino, where the accent is in the last vowell, and
the like to bee vnderstoode in all other names. They say therefore, that the first inhabitoiirs
of the Ilande were transported in their Canoas (that is, boates made of one whole peecc (jf
woode) from the Ilande of Matinino, being lykc banished men dryuen from thence by reason
of certaine contrarie factios and diuisions among themselues, like as we reade howc Dardanm
cinie from Corytho, and Tcucrus from Creta into Asia, and that the region where they plarcd
their habitation, was afterward called Troianum. The like wee reade howe the Tyrians aid
Sidonians arriued with their nauy in Libya by the fabulous conduction of Dido. These Maii-
nians in like mancr being banished from their owiie country, planted their first habitalii i
in that parte of the Ilande of Hispaniola, which they call Cahonao, vpon the banke of tin-
ryuer named Rahaboni as is reade in the beginnvng of the Romans that /I'lieas of Tn v
arryued in the rcgio of Italic, called Latium, vpon the bankes of the riuer of Tiber. Wiihin
the mouth of the ryuer of Rahaboni, lycth an Hand, where it is sayd that the inh.ibiianiiN
buildcd their first house, whichc they named Camoteia. This house they consecrated sluniK
after, and hunourcd the same rcuerently with continiiall gifies and monumentes, euen \nlill
the coniniingof our nienne, like as the Christians haue euer religiously honoured Ilierusalrm
the fountayne and originall of our fayth : As also the Turkes attribute the like to the ciiic
of .Mecha in .Ar-iby, and the inhabilantcs of the fortunate Ilandes (called the Ilande^ it'
Canaric) to Tvrina, buildcd vj)pon a hygh rocke, from the whichc manic were wont with

i..\fiill

. ] ^ ^m^ m ^m^^

Tlie thirde Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

S8d

ioyfull myndes and songes to cast themselues downe headlong, beeing perswaded by their
priesfcs that the soiiles of all such as so died for the loue of Tyrma, shoulde thereby enioyc
eternall felicif ie. The conquerors of the Ilandes of Canarie, founde them yet remaynyng in
that superstition euen vntill our tyme, nor yet is the memorie of their sacrifices vtterly worne
away : the rocke also reserueth the olde name vnto this daye. I haue also learned of late,
that there yet remayneth in the Ilande some of the faction of Betanchor the Frenche manne, BftancUot *
and first that brought the Ilandes to good culture and ciuilitie, being thereto lycenced by the p«''«'™'»>
king of Castile, as I haue sayde before. These do yet (for the most part) obserue both the
language and maners of the Frenche menne, although the heyres and successours of Betanchor,
had solde the two subdued Hands to certaine men of Castile : Yet the inhabitours which
g jcceeded Betanchor, & builded them houses, and encreased their families there, do continue
to this day, and liue quietly and pleasantly with the Spanyardes, not griued with the sharpe
coUlc of Fraiince. But let vs nowe returne to the inhabitantes of Matinino and Hispaniola.
The Ilande of Hispaniola was first named by the first inhabitours Quizqueia, and then Haiti : Jf''H?'^^""
and this not by chance, or it the pleasure of suche as deuised these names, but of credulitie ° f '■
and bpleefe of some great efTecte. For Quizqueia, is as muche to say as, A great thing, and
that so great, that none may bee greater. They interprete, also, that Quizqueia signifieth
large, vniucrsall, or all, in like signification as the Greekes named their God called Pan,
because that for the greatnes thereof, these simple soules supposed it to bee the whole
worldc : and that the Sunne beames gaue light to none other world, but onely to this Ilande,
with the other adi.icent about the same, and thereupon thought it most woorthie to be called
great, as the greatest of all other knowne to them. Haiti is as much a." to say by interpretation,
as rough, sharpe, or craggie. But by a figuratiue speache called denomination ( whereby the
whole is named by parte) they named the whole Ilande Haiti ^that is) rough : Forasmuch
as in many places the face of this Ilande is rough, by reason of the craggie mountaynes, hor-
rible thicke woodes, and terrible darke and deepe vallies, ennironed with great and high
mountaynes, although it bee in manie other places exceeding beautifull and flourishing,
llcerc must wee somewhat digresse from the order we are entred into. Perhappes your
lioliucsse will maruell by what meanes these symple men shoulde of so long continuiice
bcarc in minde such principles, whcras they haue no knowledge of letters. So it is there- Their maner of
fore, that from the bceginning, their princes haue euer beene accustomed to commit their ''""'"f'
children to the gouernance of their wise men, which they cal Boitios, to be instructed in
knowledge, and to brnre in memorie suche thinges as they learne. They giue themselues
chiefely to two thinges: As generally, to learne the originall and successe of thinges, and
particularly, to rehearse the nnbic facfes of their graundfathers, great graundfathers, and
.luntestours, aswell in peace as in warre. These two things they haue of old time composed
in ccrtayne meetcrs and ballettes in their language. These rymes or ballettes, they call Biiieti md
Arcitoa. And as our minstrelles are accustomed to sing to the Harpe or Lute, so do they in '^'""'
like manner sing these songs, and dntince to the same, playing on Timbrels made of shels diuncmg'."*
of ccrtayne fishes : These Timbrels they call Maguei. They haue also songs and ballettes of songti of loue
loue, and other of Lamentations and mourning, some also to encourage them to the warres, •"■' """""'"i-
with euery of them their tunes agreeable to the matter. They exercise themselues much in
Jaiinring, wherein they are very actiiie, and of greater agilitie then our men, by reason they
giuc (hemselues to nothing so much, and are not hindered with appnrell, which is also the
( ausc of their swiflnesse of foote. In their ballets left them of their auncestours, they haue
prophecies of the comming of our menne into their coimtrey. These they sing with mourn- Prophecici.
ing, and as it were with groning, bewayle the losse of their libertic & seruitude. For
these prophecies make mention that there shoulde come into the Hand Maguachochios, that Notf.
is, men clothed in apparell, and armed with suche swoordes as shoulde cutte a man in sunder
at one stroke, vnder whose yoke their posteritie should be subdued. And here I do not Their fimiiij.
mariitil that their prcdecessours coulde prophecie of the seruitude and bondage of their ."'Js,*"'"'^"
succession (if it be true that is sayd) of the familiaritie they haue with spirites, ^ liche ap-
penre to ihcm in the night, whereof we haue largely made mention in the ninth chapter of

vol,. V.

the

ii(-

W ■•!1f

;*'■

1 I it J I'

i vh-if!

.f ^

11. ; :

'!,}i! iiit!

^1J

!' i

■•fi;

'^t:i "ill

390

The ileuil is
driueii away by
baptisme*

■Surueyori.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The thirde Decade.

Strptntes.
A Crocodile is
much like to
our Ewte or
Lyserte.

Cipan;i.

Italir called
Latium.

habelU.

The fourmr of
the Hand of
Hiipaniolx

A partii-iilar
catdc of His-
paniola.

Mijpaniola com-
paled (o Italic.

The trmi>cra-

tllTr ' f HlSjM-
aiula.

'I"hr Equinoc-
uall.

('(ild accidental,
and iiDt by the
•iMation of the
lepuns.

the first decade, where also we haue intreated of their Zemes (that is) their Idolles, and
images ofdeiiiiles whiciie they honoured. But they saye that since these Zemes were taken
away by the Christians, the spirites haue no more appeared. Our men ascribe this to the
signe of the crosse, wherwith they defende themselues from such spirites : For they are
nowe all cleansed and sanctified by the water of baptisme, wherby they haue renounced the
deuil, & are consecrated the holy members of Christ. They are vniuersally studious to
knowe the bondes and limits of their regions and kingdomes, and especially their Mitani
(that is) noble men: so that euen they are not vtterly ignorant in the surueying of their
landes. The common people haue none other care then of selling, sowing, and planting.
They are most expert fishers, by reason that throughout the whole yeere, they are accus-
tomed dayly to plunge themselues in the ryuers, so that in manner they liue no lesse in the
water then on the laiide. They are also giuen to hunting: For (aj I haue sayd before) they
haue two kindes of foure footed beastes whereof the one is, little Conies, called Vsias, and
other Serpentes, named luannas, much like vnto Crocodiles, of eight foote length, of most
pleasant taste, and lyuing on the sande. All the Ilandes nourishe innumerable byrdes and
foules : as Stockdoues, Diickes, Geese, Hearons, beside no lesse number of Popingaycs then
Sparrowes with vs. Euery King hath his subiectes diuided to sundryc affaires : as some to
hunting, other to fishing, and other some to husbandrie. But let vs nowe returnc to speake
further of the names. Wee haue sayde that Quizqueia and Haiti, were the olde names of
this Ilande. The whole Hand was also called Cipanga, of the region of the mountaynej
abounding withgolde: lyke as our auncient poets called all Italic Latium, of part thcrcdF.
Therefore as they called Ausonia and Hespcria, Italy: euen so by the names of Quizqueia,
Haiti, and Cipanga, they vnderstood the whole Hand of Hispaniola. Our men did lin>t
name it Isabella, of Queene Helisabeth, whiche in the Spanishe tongue is called Isabella,
and so named it of the first Colony where they planted their habitation, vpon the baiike neerc
vnto the sea on the North side of the Ilandr, as we haue further declared in the first Dccadi',
But of the names, this shall suflice. Let vs nowe therforc speake of the fourme of ilu:
Ilande. They which first oucrraiine it, described it vnto me to be like vnto the leafe of a
Chesnut tree, with a jiiilfe fowardc the West side, lying open agaynst the Ilande of Cuba.
But the expert shypmaistcr Andreas Moralis, broufjhl me to the forme therof somewhat liilli'r-
iiig from that. For from both the corners, as from the East angle and the West, he dcsi ribtd
it to be indented and eaten with many great gulfcs, &: the corners to reachc forth very farrc,
and placetii manie large and safe haucns in the great gulfe on the East side: But I truit
shortly so to traualc furtiicr herein, that a perfect carde of the particular description of His-
paniola may be sent vnto your holinessc. For they haue now drawiic the Geograpiiicall
description therof in canles, euen as yoiir holinesse hath scene the fourme and situation 4
Rpaync, and Italy, with their mountayncs, vaiieycs, riiicrs, cities, and colonies. Let vsllirri-
foro without shainefastnessc compare the Hand of Ilispaniola to Italic, sometime the head
and (iiieene of the wliole worlde. F(<r if we consider (he quanlitie, it shall bee founde little
lesse, and much more rruitefuli. It reaclietii from the East info the West, fine hundred and
fourtie myles, according to tiie compntation of (lie latter searchers, although the Adminill
somewhat intreasixl this niiml)cr, as wee haue sayde in the first Decade. It is iji breadi.'i
somewhere almost three hundred inylcs, and in some places narrower, where the ctinu-o
are extended: Hut it is surely much more blessed and (oitunate then Italic, being for tin
most parte thereof so temperate and fiourishing, thai it is nc\ iher vexed with sharpe nddt,
nor afllirtcd with immoderate heate. It hath both the stayinges or conuersions of ih'.-
Sonne (callid Si)l>iilia) in manner equall with the E<|uiMocliaII, with lille dill'erence In-
tweene the length of the day and the night throughout all the yeere. For on the .Soiiiii
side, the day a^t endelh scarcely an lioure in length aboue the night, or contrariwise. liii:
the diflerence is more on the North side : Yet are there some regions in the Ilande in the
whiche the colde is of some fdrcc. But your holynes-e must viulcrstaiule this to bee iiiii-
deiit by reason of the obicct or nccrenessc of the mouiitaines, as we will more l.irHiIv
declare hereafter : Vet is not this colde so pcarsing or sharpe, that the inhnbitaiinici ari'

molested

The thirde Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

291

molested with snow or byting frost. In other places, the Ilande enioyeth perpetuall spring p,ri«tuaii
time, and is fortunate with continuall sommer and hariiest. The trees flourishe there all 'P''"? '"•'
the whole yeere, and the meddowes continue alway greene. All thinges are exceedini; """""■
fortunate, and growe to great perfection. Howe wonderfully all garden hearbes and fruitcs M^mhm
do encrease, so that within the space of sixteene dayes after the sccde is sowen, all hearbes f""""'"".
of small steames, as lettisc, borage, radishe, and such other, come to their full ripenesse, and
also how hearbes of the bigger sort, as Gourdes, Melons, Cucumbers, Pompons, Sitrones,
and such other, come to their perfection in the space of thirtie dayes, wc hauc sudicijntly
declared els where. Of the beastes transported out of Spayne thither, we haue saidc howe Bcastcs.
tlicy growe to a much greater kinde : Insomuch that when they fall into communication of
the oxen or kine, they compare them in bignesse to Elephantes, and swyne to Mules : but o«" and swine
this somewhat by an excessiue kinde of speach. Wee haue also made mention howe their bign«" '"^
swines fleshe is more sauourie and of farre better and more pleasaunt tast, and more whol-
some then ours, by reason that they are fedde with the fruites of Mirobalane trees, and 5?.'"° *?** ""''
other pleasaunt and nourishing fruites of that countrey, which growe there of themsclues, "° '""'
as doe with vs Beeches, Holly, and Okes. Vines woulde also prosper there with marueylous
encrease, if they hadde any regard to the planting therof. The like encrease commeth of
wheate, if it be sowen vpon the mountains, where the cold is of some strength : but not in
the same plainer, by reason of too much fatnesse and ranknes of the grounde. It is in
maner incredible to heare, that an eare of wheate should be bigger then a mans arme in the An tm of
brawne, and more then a span in length, bearing also more then a thousand graynes, as they "m"Js"jme",
all confesse with one voyce, and earnestly affirme the same with othes. Yet they say that the bnwnc.
the bread of the Ilande called Cazabbi, made of the roote of lucca, to be more holsome,
because it is of easier digestion, and cultured with lesse labour, and greater increase. The
residue of the time which they spend not in setting and planting, they bcstowc in gathering
of goldc. They haue nowe such plentie of foure footed beasts, that Horses and oxe hydes, g«" ?'«"</ of
with shcepe skinnes, and goate skinnes and such other, are brought from thence into "'"'' '"
Spaine : so that nowe the daughter in many thinges helpeth and succoureth her mother.
Of the trees of brasylc, spices, the graine which coloureth scarlet in bright «hyriing red,
niastix, Gossampine cotton, the precious metall called Electrum, & such other commodities
of this Ilande we haue spoken sufficiently before. What therfore canne chaunce more
happy vnto man vpon the earth, then there to lyue where he need not to be dryuen to close incommoditifs
chambers with sharpe colde or faynting heate, nor yet in winter eyther to be laden with heauie u^"™^'"'
apparel, or to burnc the shinnes with continuall sitting at the fire, which thinges make men
olJe in short time, by rcsohiing the naturall heate, whereof a thousand diseases ensue.
'1 hey also aflirme the ayre to be very healthfull, and the waters and ryucrs to be no lesse HoUomr .yre
liolsomc, as they whiche haue their continuall course through the earth of the golden mynes.
For there is in maner no ryuers, no mountaynes, and but fewe playnes, that are vttcrly with-
out golde. But lette vs nowe at length come to the particular description of the inner
partes of this blessed Ilande. Wee hauc before declared how it is in maner equally diuided
with foure great ryuers, descending from hygh mountaynes, whereof that which nmnetli
towardes the Ea?l, is called lunna, as that towardes the West is named Attibunicus, the
thirtie is Nahiba or Haibn, whiche runneth Southward, the fourth is called lache, and
fallclh towarde the North. But this shypmaister hath brought an other description,
•ibserued of the inhabitantcs from the beginning. Let vs therfore diuide the whole
Hand in to (iue partes, calling the regions of euery prouince by their olde names: and
linally make mention of such thinges as are worthy memory in euery of them. The
beginning of the Ilande on the East side, is conteined in the prouince named Caizcimu*
so named for that in their language Cimu signifieth the front or beginning of anie
thing. After this, fuloweth the prouince of Hubaba, and then Caibabo, the fourth
is liainoa. Guaccairtnia conteineth the West corner. But the last saue one, Bainoa is of
larger boundes then the three other. Caizcimu reacheth from the first front of the
Ilande to the riuer Hozama, which runneth by the citie of saint Dominicke. But towarde Throiu- .-»

and water.
Golde euery
.vhere.

I'P

the

S. Oomumk

^?h'i

; li^. i mi^ il

11: ' i :

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VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

THe thirde Decade.

Ofproulnces
diuided into
regions.

Th« pronuncia-
tion of the
HcbruM ind
Arabiani.
The MoorM
and Arabians
possessed
Spainc.

How tlie aspi-
ration chaungeth
the signification
of woordt.

Diners lan>
(tujges in the
tUnd.

the North aide, it is ended at the rough mountaines of Haiti. Hubabo is included within the
mountaines of Haiti and the riuer laciga. Caiabo the third prouince, conteineth al that lieth
between Cubabo and Dahatio, euen vnto the mouth of the riuer laccha or lache (one of the
foure which diuide the Hand equally) & ascendeth to the mountaines of Cibaua, where the
greatest plentie o( gold is founde, out of the which also the riuer Demahus springeth, and
ioining with the springes of the riuer of Naiba (being an other of the foure which diuideth
the Hand toward the South sea) falleth to an other banke of the riuer of saint Dominick.
Bainoa beginneth at the confines of Caiabi, and reacheth euen vnto the Hand of Cabini,
which lieth neare vnto the sea bankes of the North side of the Ilande, where we saide that
they erected the first colonie or habitatio. The prouince of Guaccaiarima, occupieth the
rcmanet towarde the West : this they named Guaccaiarima because it is the extreame or
vttermost part of the Hand. For larima in their language, signifieth the taile or end of any
thing, and Gua, is an article which they vse oftentimes in the names of things, and especially
in the names of their kinges, as Guarionexius & Guaccanarilhis. In the prouince of Ca<
zium, are these regions, Higuei, Guanama, Reyre, Xagua, Aramana, Arabo, Hazoa, Macorix,
Caiacoa, Guaiagua, Baguanimabo, & the rough mountaines of Haiti. Here let vs speake
somwhat of their aspirations, which they vse otherwise then the Latines do. It is to be noted
that there is no aspiration in their vowels, which haue not the effect of a consonant. So that
they pronounce their aspirations more vehemently then we do the consonant, f. Yet, ail
suche wordes as in their tongue are aspirate, are pronounced with like breath and spiritc a",
is f. sauing that heerein the neathcr lippe is not moued to the vppermost teeth. With
open mouthes, and shaking their breastes they breathe out these aspirations, ha, he, hi, ho, hu,
as the Hebrues and Arabians are accustomed to pronounce theirs. I finde also that thr
Spaniardes vse the like vehemencie in the aspirations of those wordes, which they haue re-
ceiued of the Moores & Arabians which possessed Spaine, and continued there many yecres,
as in these wordes Almohadda, which signifieth a pillow or boulstcr, also Almohaza, that is a
horse combe : with diuers such other words, which they speake in mancr with p.intiii);
breastes, & vehement spirites. I haue thought it good to rehearse these thingen, because
among the the Latines it oftentimes so chaunccth, that onjy the accent or aspiration,
chaungeth the signification of the worde, as hora, for an hourc, and ora, for the plurall num-
ber of this worde os, whiche signifielh the mouth : also ora, whiche sij^nifieth regions ( r
coasfes. The like also chaunceth in the diuersitie of the accent, as occido I kit, & occidn
1 fal : euen so in the language of these simple men, there are many thinges to be obscrued,
But let vs now returne to the description. In the prouince of Hubabo, are these regions,
Xamana, Canabacoa, Cubabo, with many other, the names whereof I haue not tci
learned. The prouince of Cubabo, conteineth these regions, Migiia and Cacacubana. flu
inhabitauntes of this region, haue a peculiar language much differing from the common
language of the Hand, and are called Maioricxes. There is also an other region called Cu-
bana, whose language differeth from the other. Likewise the region of Baiohagiia, hath p.
diuers tongue. There are also other regions, as Dahabon, Cybaho, and Manababo. Cotovi<
in the middle of the Ilande. By this runneth the riuer Nizaus, and the mnnntaines calln!
Mathaitin, Hazua, & Neibaymao, confine with the same. In the prouince '' Hainoa, are \'
regios of Maguana, lagohaiucho, Baiirucco, Dabai.igiia, &: Attibuiii, so iiamcil dl" the riuer, al<o
Caunoa, Buiaici, Dababonici, Maioguariti, Atiei, Maccazini, (Juahabba, Anninici, Marii',
(luaricco, Amaguei, Xaragua, Yaguana, Azuei, lacchi, Ilonorucco, Diagiio, Camaie, & Nci-
baimao. In Guaccaiertma the last prouince, these regions are conteincd M.iuicarao, (Jtiab.i-
gua, Taquenazabo, Nimaca, Baiona the lesse, Cabaini, lamaici, Manabaxao, Zauana, Habacna,
and Ayquiora. But let vs entrcate somewhat of the particulars of the regions. In the
prouince of Caizcimu, within the great gulfe of the beginning, there is a great caue in a
hollow rockc vnder the root of a high moutainc, about two furlongcs from the sc.i, the entry
of this caue is not much vnlyke the doores of a great temple, being very large, and turnvni;
many way es. Andreas Morali.s the shypmaister at the comniandemcnt of the goiierndiir,
attempted to search the caue with the smalest vessels. lie sayth thai by tertayne priuic

waves

' I

il. a

'ft

'^^,^

Tlie thirde Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

S93

waves many ryuers haue cr.ncourse to this caue, as it were a synke or chanel. After the Riuen dtuour.
experience hereof, they ceased to maruaile wiiithcr other ryiiers ranne, which comming four-"''''""*'*
score & ten myles were swalowed vp, so that they appeared no more, nor yet fel into the sea
by any knowne wayes. Nowe therefore they suppose that ryuers swalowed vp by the hollow
places of that stony mountayne, fall into this caue. As the shypmaister entred into the caue,
his iihippe was almost swalowed. For he sayth, that there are many whirlepooles and whiricpooici
rysiiiges or boylinges of the water, which make a violent conflict and horrible roryng, one ^"^''j™'''" "'
cncounteryng the other : also many huge holes and hollow places, so that what on the one
side with whirlpooles, and on the other side with the boyling of the water, his shyppe was
long in manner tossed vp and downe like a ball. It greatly repented him that he had
entred, yet knew he no way how to come forth. He now wandred in darknesse aswell for
the obscurenesse of the caue into the which hee was farre entred, as also that in it were thick cbuiisinihe
clouds, engendred of the moist vapours proceeding of the conflict of the waters, which con- ' "'"
tinually fall with great violence into the caue on euery side. Hee compareth the noyse of
these waters, to the *al of the famous riuer Nilus from the mountains of Ethiope, they were The cataract
also deafe, that one could not heare what another saide. But at the length with great"' ""*
daunger and feare, he came foorth of the caue, as it had beene out of hell. About three-
score myles distant from the chiefc citie of Saint Dominicke, there are cerfayne hygh moun-
taynes, vpon the toppes whereof is a lake or standing poole inaccessible, neuer yet scene a standiiis
of the which came lately to the Ilande, both by reason of the roughnesse of the mountaynes, {"^'^f" jJi",,
and also for that there is no path or open way to the toppes of the same. But at the length mounume.
the shipmaster being conducted thyther by one of the kinges, ascended to the toppes of the
mountavnes, and came to the poole. He saith that the colde is there of some force : and in
token of winter, he founde fearne and bramble bushes, which tvo growe onely in colde F"rne and

bramble bushes

regions. These mountaynes, they call Ymizui Hibabaino. 11, a poole is of fresh water

three myles in compassc, and wcl replenished with diucrs kinds of fishes. Many smal "'d regiolii.

riucrs or brooks fall into it. It hath not passage out, because it is on euery side enclosed

with the toppes of mountaynes. But let vs now spcake of another poole, which may well

be called a sea in the mydlande, and bee compared to the Caspian or Hcrcanian sea in the The Caspian

firmc landc of Asia, with certayne other lakes and pooles of freshe water.

The eyght Chapter of the thirde Decade.

THe prouince of Bainoa being tliriso as bigge as the three first, that is Caizcimu, Vhabo,
and Caibabo, inchideth a volley named Caiouaiii, in the which there is a lake of salt, sower and
bvtfcr water, as we reade of the sea called Caspium, lying in the (irmc lande bectweene Sarmatia
ami Ilircaiiia. We haue therefore named if Caspium, although it bee not in the region of Ilir-
cania. It hath many swalowing guiles, by the which, both the water of the sea springeth into it,
& al-io such as fal into it from the mountayns are swalowed vp. They thinke that the caues
thereof, are so large and deepo, that great fyshcs of the sea passe by the same into the lake.

Among these fyshes, there is one railed Tiburonus, which cuttcth a man in sunder by the
nnddest at one snap with his teeth, and deuoureth him. In the ryuer Hozama, running by
the chiefe citie of Saint Dimiiiiicke, these fiburoni doe sometymes come from the sea, and
dcuoure many of the inhabitantes : especially such as do dayly plunge themsehies in the
water, f" the intent to keepe their bodies very clcanc. The riuers which fall into the lake,
are these. From the North side Giianirabon : From the Southe, Xaccoei : From the East,
(iuannabo: And from the West, Ocoa. They sale that these riuers are great and continuall,
mid that beside these, there arc. x\. other small riuers whiche fall into this Caspium. Also
on the North side within a furlong of the lake, there are aboue twoo hundreth springes,
occupying likewise about a furlong in circuite, the water whereaf is colde in sonimer,
freshe also, and holsome to be drunke. These springes make a riuer that can not bee
waded oner, which neare at hande ioining with the other, falleth into the lake. Here
must we staie a while. The kinge of this region founde his wife praying in a Chapell
builded by the Christians within the prccinctc of his dominion, and required her com-

panv

;row unely ill

.ind HircaiiuM
sea.

A gieai Like oi
soure .Hid i.iU
w.itel.

.Sea fishes in
lakes of the
inidlande.
The deuuulilij;
Csh callid
Tiburoiuir.

The riurrs tli.r.
fall into the
lake Caspium.

CC. SpniTgCi

«ithiii tile
spice of a fur-
long.

A mirad'T

■^ii^';'lil

.]'»

^i:;tf

V-

■ « ?i }• .r?

I ■ • Ib^ y-

! i ' I:

. ! |f|,j

if'!''

I'i' .

\v \

I I 111

:nNi

J ( 1

•.. ■ kill

894

The Indian

A king striken
dumme and
lame by a
myrade.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tlie thirde Decade.

Such as are
drowned in the
lake are not
cast vp againe.

A lake of «jlt &
freshe water.

A lake of fresh

HUtCt.

A take of ten

mile^ in leneth.

A plaine of a
hiiiiilrrd and
twenty milcL

A pl:>in of two
h itidrril miles
irj tcngth.

The maruey-
luus ffshc
Manatu

pany to satisfie his flcshely lust. His wife reproued him, and put him in remembraunce
to hauc rcspecte to the holy place. The wordes which she spake to him were these,
Teitoca, Teitoca, which is as muche to say, as, be quiet, be quiet. Techeia cynato
guamechyna : That is God will be Rreatly angry. Guamcchyna, signifieth God, Tccheta
greatly, Cynato angrie. But the husbaiulc haling her by the arme, saide, Guaibba, that
is, goe, Cynato macabuca guamechyna: That is. What is that to me if God be angry?
And with these wordes as he profered her violence, sodenly he became duinmc and
lame. Yet by this myracle being stricken with repentaunce, he euer after ledde a re-
lygious life, insomuchc that from thencefoorth he would neuer suffer the Chapell to be
Bwepte or decked with any other mans hande. By the same miracle, many of thinhabi-
tauntes, and all the Christians being moucd, resorted deuoutly to the Chapell. They take it
in good parte that the king suffered the reuengc of that reproche. Let vs now returnc to
Caspium. That salte lake is tossed with stormcs and tempeste.s and oftentimes drowneth
small shippes or fisher boates, and swalowcth them vp with the mariners : In so muche that
it hath not been hcarde of, that any man drowned by shippewracke, euer plunged vp againe,
or was caste on the shore, as commonly chaunceth of the dead bodies of suche as arc
drowned in the sea. These tempestcs, are the daintie banquets of the Tiburoncs. Thi»
Caspium, is called Hagucigabon. In the myddest hereof, lyeth an Hand named Guarizacca,
to the which they resort when they go a fishing : but it is now cultured. There is in the
same playne, an other lake next vnto this, whose water is mixte of salt and fresh, and ii
therfore neither apt to be drunke, noryet to be refused in vrgent necessitie : This con-
teineth in length twcntie and fiue miles, and in breadth eight miles, in some places also nine
or ten. It receiueth many riuers, which hauc no passage out of the same, but arc swalowed
vp as in the other. Water springeth out of the sea into this also : but in no great quantiiie,
which is the cause that it is so commixt. In the same prouince towardes the West side, there
is an other lake of freshe water, not farre distaunt from Caspius : this the inhabitauntes call
lainagua. The same salte lake hath on the North side thereof, an other named Guaccaa : tliis
is but litle, as not past three or f»ure miles in breadih, and one in length, the water of
this may well bee drunke. On the South side of the salt lake, there lieth an other named
Babbarco, of three miles in length, and in mancrrounde: the water of this is freshe, as of
the two other. This lake, because it hath no passage out, nor yet any swalowing gulfcs
coiiueicth the superfluous waters to the sea if it be encreased with the streames whirl) lii
soinliines more abundantly from the mountaines: There is in the region of Xamana in tlic
prouince of Bainoa. There is an other tailed Guaniba, lying betwene the liast and ilie
South, neere vnto the side of Cispius ; this is ten miles in length, and almost rounde. There
are furthermore manv other small standing jxioles or lakes disparsed here and there in
the Hande, whiche I will let passe, lest I should be tedious in remaining too long in one
thing. I will therfore make an ciide with this addition, that in all these great plentie of (ishc
and foule is nourished. All these hikes lie in a large plaine, the which from the East reacheih
into the West a hundrcth and twcntie nivics, being of breadth, wiii. miles where it is na-
rowest, and. x\v. where it is largest. Looking toward the West, it halh collaterally on the left
hand the mountaines of Daigu.nni, and on the right hand, the mountainsi ofCiaigua, so called
of ihe name of the vale it sclf'e. At the roots of the inountaynes of Cai-^iia towarde the
North side, there hcfh an other vale much longer and larj'er then that before named : For it
confcincth in length almost two huniired myles, and in breadth thirlie where i( is largest, aiiil
about. XX. where it is narowest. This vale in some parte thereof, is callcti .\faguana, in .ui
other place, Iguaniu, and els where, Hathathici. And forasmuch as we haue here nude
mention of this parte of the vale named Hathathici, wee will somewhat digresse from the di»-
rourse of this description, and entreate of a thinij so straunge and marueilous, tliat the Ivke
hath not bcene heard of. So it is theref)re, that the king of this region named C'aramatexiiis
takcth great pleasure in fishing. Into his nettes chaunred a young fvshe of the kindc of
those monsters of the sea, which the inhahitours called Manati, not fomule I suppose in our
seas, norknowne to our men before this tymc. This fishe is foure footed, and in shape Ivke

vnto

The thirde Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

295

vnto a Tortoysc, although shee be not couered with a shell, but with scales, and those of such
hardnessc, & couched in such order that no arrow can hurte her. Her scales are beset and
defended with a thousand knobbes, her backe is plaync, and her head vtterly like the head of
an Oxe. She liueth both in the water, & on the land, shee is slowe of mouing, of condition a monstfr of
nieekc, gentle, aiisociable, and louing to mankinde, and of a marueilous sencc or memory, as 'Jil,'"]^*' '
are the Elephant and the Delphyn. The king nourished this fish certayne dales at home lunde,
with the bread of the countrey, made of the root of lucca & Panycke, and with such other
roots as men are accustomed to eate : For when shee was yet but young, hee cast her into a
poole or lake neere vnto his pallace, there to bee fed with hande. This lake also receiueth
waters, and casteth not the same forth againe. It was in tyme past called Guaurabo: but is
nowe called the lake of Manati, after the name of this fyshe, which wandered safely in the
same for the space of xxv. yecres, and grewe exceeding bigge. Whatsoeuer is written of
the Delphines of Baian or Arion, are much inferiour to the duoinges of this fyshc, which for
her gentle nature they named Matum, that is, gentle, or noble. Therefore whensoeuer any oi
the kinges familyers, especially such as are knowne to her, resorte to the bankes of the lake,
and call Matum, Matum, then she (as mindefull of such benefitcs as shee hath receiucd of Matum.
men) lifteth vp her head, and commeth to the place whither she is called, and there receiueth
meatc at the handes of suche as feede her. If anie desirous to passe ouer the lake, make a tish nryeth
signes and tokens of their intent, she boweth her selfe to them, therewith as it were gentlely "«" o""ihe
inuityng them to amount vppon her, and conueyeth them safely oucr. It hath beene scene,
that this monstrous (ish hath at one tyme safely caryed ouer tcnne men singing and playing, a marueiioua
But if by chaunce when shee lifted vp her head she espyed any of the Christian men, she
would immediately plunge downc againe into the water, and refuse to obey, because shee had
once receiued iniurie at the handes of a certayne wanton young manneamong the Christians, who
hadde cast a sharpc darte at her, although shee were not hurte, by reason of the hardnesse of
her skinne, beinjj rough and full of scales and knobbes, as wee haue .sayde : Yet did shee beare
in mcmoric the iniurie shee susteyncd, with so gentle a rcucnge requiting the ingratitude of
him, which h.id dc.ilt with her so vngentlely. From that day whensoeuer shee was called by
;iny of her familiars, she would first looke circumspectly about her, least any were present
apparelled after the maner of the Christians. She woulde oftentimes play and wrastlc vppon
ihc bunke with the Kinges chamberlcns, and especially with a young man whom the King
faiioured well, being also accustomed to feede her. Shee woulde bee sometimes as plcasaunt
ami full of play as it had beene a monkey or marmasct, & was of long tyme a great comfort
and solace to the whole Hand : For no small confluence aswei of the Christians as of the
inhabitaiites, hadde daily concourse to behold so strange a myracle of nature, the contem-
philion whereof was no lesse plcasaunt then wonderftill. They say that the meate of this kindc
(if fyshe, is of good tast, and that many of them are cngendreil in the seas thereabout. But
;it the length, this pleasant play-feliowe was lost, and caryed into the sea by the great ryuer Thtryufr
Atiibunicus, one of the foiire whiche diuide the Hande : For at that tyme there chaunced so •^'=''>"""^"-
terrible a tempest of wynde and rayiic, with such flouds ensuing, that the lyke hath not lightly
beene heard of. By reason of this tempest, the ryuerAttibunicus so ouerflowed the banks, that it
lilled the whole vale, and mixt it selle with al the other lakes : at which tyme also, this gentle
Matum and pleasant companion, folowing the vehement course & fall of the lloiids, was thereby
restored to his olJe mother and natyue waters, and since that tyme neuer scene agayne. Thus
liaiiyng dii;rcssid suniciently, let vs nowe come to tiie situation of the vale. It hath collaterally
(he inouiitaynes of Cibaua and Caigiiam, which bring it to the South sea. There is an other
\aIo bceyoiidc the mountaynes of Cibaua towanle the North, this is called the vale of Gua-
lidiitxius, bfcau^e that before the memorie of man, the predeccsso\irs & auncestours of king Thr jn-.t vJc
(luarioiuxius, to whom it is descended by ryght of inheritance, were euer the Lordes of the „',. """""""
wiiole vale. Of this king, wee haue spoken largely in the first naration of the Hande in
the tirst Decade. This vale is of length from the F^st to the West, a hundred and fourescore
invlcs, and of breadth from the South to the North, thirtie myles where it is narowesf, and
Jiliic where it is broadest. It beginneth from the region Cauabocoa by the prouitues of

Iluhabu

f i 1

J -

\4 .■»;. 1 f

t • f

\y-

w *

*;!:- h':.i-'" HI

■I

?ri-

.i •

' ,1

;«:)'Si :

!■■(

.,1.:

I i

I '

n i- :

^i~ %\'i

thr Ibii

The luthourk

ricuie.

29G VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS, Tfic thirde Dccadr.

Huhabo and Caiabo, and cndeth in the prouincc of Bainoa, and llie region of Maricna : it
lyeth in the middest bctwcenc the mountayncs of Cibaua, and the moiiiitaync!) of Cahonai
& Caxacubuna. There is no pronince nor any region, which \» not notable by the maicstic
of mountayncR, fruitfulnesse of vales, plea<untne<«)ie of hilles, and dclcclablcncsse of playneii,
mountiiVri ind ^'•'^ abundance of faire ryucrs running through the same. There are no sides of moun-
roWelud"***!!! taynes or hilles, no riuers, which abound not with golde and delicate fishes, except only
•Uryutr.. ^^^ ^j|,g^^ which from the original thereof, with the springes of the same breaking fonrfli of
the mountaynes, commcth out salt, and so continucth vntill it perish : This riuer is called
Babuan, and runneth through the middle of the region Maguana, in the prouince of Bainoa.
They suppose that this ryuer hath made it selle a way vndcr the groundc, by some passages
siitkiyes. of playster, or salte earth : for there are in the Ilaiide many notable salie bayes, whereof
wee will speake more hecrcafter. Wee haue declared howc the Ilande is diuided by foure
ryucrs, and fyuc prouinces. There is also another partition, whiche !>; this, the whole llanilc
consistcth of the toppes of foure mountaynes, whiche diuide it by the myddest from the
East to the West : in all these is abundance of nouriNhin<; moysture, and great plentic of
Th«ryuer»inue goldc, of the caues also of the \ lich, the waters of all the ryucrs (into the which the caucs
ftcmlhrclluci emptie themselues) haue their originall and increase. There are lykewise in them horrible
ofthemouii- deuncs, obscure and darke vales, and mightie rockes of stone. There was ncuer any noy-
N^' hurtfiiii ot some beast founde in if, nor yet any rauening foure footed beast: no Lion, no Beare, no
""Tildt*"' '" '■'^'■'^^ Tygcrs, no crafiie Foxes, nor deuouring Woolues, All thinges are blessed and fortu-
nate, & now more fortunate, for that so many thousandcs of men are rcceiued to bee the
shecpe of Christes flocke, all their Zemes and Images of deiiillcs beeing reiected and vtterly
out of memorie. If I chnunce nowe and then in the discourse of this narration to repcate
one thing diners tymcs or otherwise to make digression, I must desire your holynesse there-
with not to bee oilended : For whyle 1 see, heare, and wryte these thinges, mee secnicfli
that I am heerewith .so alTocted, that for very ioy I feele my mindc stirred as it were with
the spiritc of Apollo, as were the Sibillcs, whereby I am enforced to repeafe the same
ag.iyne : especially when I consider howe farre the amplitude of our relii^ion spreadeth her
wyngcs. Yet among these so many blessed and fortunate things, this one grieucth mee not
By «iiit nifint! a little: that these simple poorc men, ncucr brought vp in l.ibour, doe dayly perishe with
lund' Tie giVat- intollerablc trauayle in the golde mync^, anil are thereby brought to such de>pcralion, that
I) loniumed. inaDv of them kill themselues, hauing no rcgarde to the procreation of children : insoniiirh
that women with childe, pcrceitiing that they shall bring foorth suche as shall bee slauos to
the Christians, vse medicines to distroy their conception. And albeit that by the Kin^'fs
letters patentcs it was decreed that they shoulde be set at libertie : vet are they conslraviicd
to scrue more then secmeth conuenient for free men. The number of the poore wrcitlus
is wonderfully extenuate, thcv were once rcckencd to bee about twclue hundred thou-aiid
headcs : but what they are now, 1 abliorre to rehearse. We will therefore let this pave,
,'[''' ^[""J'"°' and rctiirne to the pleasures of Ili-ipaniola. In the inounfayucs of Cibaua, which are in
manner in iht- middcst of the Ilande, in the prouime of Cai.ibo (where we sayd to bee the
Thtrrgionof nrrcatcst i)lentie of natvue gold) there is a region named Cotobi, situate in the cloudcs,

C'otobi iituiu lit ^ . I ■ L I •' f. I_ • I i ,1 - I , . I • • I J. i

thccioudrj. eiuiironed wilfi the toppes o( high mountaynes, and well inhai)ittd : it consistcth ol a plaync
A piiinc in iiit^C xxv. milcs in length, and. xv. in breadth. This plaine is higher then the toppes of
other mountaincs : so that these mountaines may seeine to bee the c hiefe progenitours of
the other. This playne suflereth alterations of the foure times of the yere, as the Sprinj;,
.Sommer, Autuinne, and winter. Heere the hearbes waxc withered, tiie trees loose their
leaues, and the medowes become hoare: the whiche thinges ( as wee haue saide) chaiiiuc
not in other places of the Ilande, where they haue onlv the Spring and Autuinne. The soile
of this plaine bringeth foorih fearne and bramble bushes, bearing blacke berries, or wiMc
raspes, which two are tokens of colde regions : Yet is it a faire region, for the colde there-
of is not very sharpe, neither doeth it afflicfe thinhabilantes with frost or snowe. They ar-
gue the fruitfulnesse of the region by the fearne, whose stalkcs or strmmcs are bigger then
Guide. a spcare or lauclin. The sides of those mountaines are riche in golde, yet is there none

appointed

toppci of muuiv

taines.

The higher the

colder.

Moderate colde

in the moun-

tainet.

The thli'dc Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

29;

appointed to diggc '*>■>' the same, because it Nlialhc nccdcruil to liaiie apparelled miners, and
Mich n.4 are V8ed to labour : For thinhubiiants lining contented with little, are but tender,
and can not ihercrnrc away with labour, or abide any colde. There are two riuers which Jf'Hi'I'ali'uu"
runne through this region, and fall Irom the topper oF the present mountainca : One orthesctn.^Mcnoia.
in named Comoiayxa, whose course is towarde tlie West, and falleth into the chancll of Nai- *""'"'" '"''''•
ba: the other is called Tirecotu«, which running; towarde the East, ioincth with the riuer of
hinna. In the Ilandc of Crcfa (now called Candie) as I passed by in my Icj^icic to the Sol- J'" """'f f
danc of Alcair or Babilon in Egipt, the Venetians tolde mec, that there lay such a region in vndcr iL jom''
the toppes of the mountaines of Ida, whiche they atlirme to be more fiuitefull of wheatc [J|.™^'|' ''" ^"
come then any other region of the Ilande : Hut forasmuch as onre the Cretences rebelled
against the V'cnctians, and by reason of the streight and narrow way to the toppes thereof,
l()n<; defended the region with armes against thauthoritie of the Senate, and at the length,
being forcweried with warres, rendred the same, the Senate commnunded that it should be
left dcsarte, and the streightcs of thentraunres to be stopped, least any should ascend to
the region without their permission. Yet in the yere of Christ M. D. ii. licence was grauntcd
to the husbandc men to till and manure the region, on such condition, that no such as were
apte to the warres might enter into the same. There is also an other region in Hispaniola,
named Cotoby, after the same name : this diuideth the boundcs of the prouinces of Vbabo
and Caiabo. It hath mountaines, vales, and plaincs : but because it is barren, it is not
muche inhabited : Yet is it richest in golde, for the originail of the abundaunce of golde be-
ginneth herein, in somuch that it is not geathered in small graines aiil sparkes, as in other •''J"'"''""''*
places : but is foundc whole, massie, and pure, mong certainc softc stones, and in the values llm"r duly.
oC rockcs, by breaking the stones whereof, they lolowe the vaines of golde. They haue '^'j!/|""'i"^„|n
foundc by experience, that the vaine of golde is a lining tree, and that the same by all waies tr° J '" ' ^"'"^
that it spreadeth and springelh from the rooie by tlic softc pores and passages of the earth, JJ^"'"^"""y"J
putteth forth branches, eucn vnto the vppermost parte <if the earth, and ceasseth not vutill Maiciumei.
it discoucr it selfe vnto the open aire : at which time, it shcweth foorth certainc beautilull
colours in the stecde of floures, roundc stones of golden earth in the stecde of fruites : and
thinne plates in stcede of leaues. These are they which are disparcled throughout the whole
Ilande by the course of the riuers, eruptions of the springes out of the mountaines, and
violent fallcs of the Ilooddes: For they thinke that such graines are not cngendred where
they are geathered, especially on the drie land, but otherwise in the riuers. They say that
the roote of the golden tree extendeth to the center of the earth, and there taketh norish- Tiif ronic of ihe
met of increase : Fo- the deeper that they dig, they findc the trunkes thereof to be so much^"'''""'
the greater, as farre is they may folowe it for abundaunce of water springing in the moun-
taines. Of the branches of tliis tree, tl>cv finde some as small as a thread, & other as bisce I"" ''f'"'^'""''

1' If • t *.!•£•••• the goMcn trfe.

as a mans finger, acccrdmg to the largenessc or straightnesse of the riltes and cliftes. They Caucs smicyncd
haue sometimes chau.Kcd vpon whole caues, susteined & borne vp as it were with golden g^i'j'.J"""'"'
pillers, and this in the waies by the which the branches ascende : the which being filled
with the substaunce of the trunkc creeping from beneath, the branchc maketh it selfe waie rh'»"n«of
by whiche it maie passe out. It is oftentimes diuided by encountring with some kinde of''"^"'''' "'""*•
harde stone : Yet is it in other cliftes nourished by the exhalations and vertue of the roote.
But nowc pcrhappes you ^vill aske mc what plenty of golde is brought from thence. You wh«t gnidt ;»
shall therfore vnderstand, th.<t onely out of Hispaniola, the sumnie of foure hundred, and ft"m "iVisr'/moU
sometimes fiue hundred l!lous:^ndc ducatcs of golde is brought yeercly into Spayne : as may 'moSpync
bee gathered by the fyfth poition due to the Kings Exchequer, which aniountcth to the
summe of a hundred and fourescore, or fourescore & tenne thousande Castcllanes of golde,
and somctymes more. What is to be thought of the Ilande of Cuba and Sancti lohannis
(otherwise called Burichena) being both very rich in golde, we will declare further hereaf-
ter : to haue sayde thus much of golde, it shall suffice. We will now therefore speake some- s>\< - f thr
what of salt, wherewith wee may season and rescruc such thinges as are bought with golde. "
in a region of the prouincc of Bainoa, in the mountayncs of Daiaguo, about tweiue mylcs^icatc.
distant from the salt lake, called Caspius, there are saltc baycs in the mountaync-i, in a
VOL. V. Q q nianer

ni.iuntiviif*
' * vfrv h.ttj jiid

WW '

.' !

.^■■' **l!i

:hf-l

t! 1

(•'■

f' ';•

I* , :i'i

' fl' ^^

39«

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

Tlic Ihh'de Dicadf

Sill •! hiid at
stonri*

inancr an hardc as stones, also clearer and whiter then crystall. There arc likewise such snit
bayes, which growe wonderfully in Laletania (iiowc called Catalonia) in the territorie of
the duke of Cadona, the chiefe ruler in that region ; but such as knowc them both, aflirme
that these of Bainoa are most notable. They say also, that this cannot bee cleft without
wedges and bcctclles of Iron : But that of Laletania may easily bee broken, as I my nelfc
hauc prooued. They therefore compare this to suchc stones as mny easily be broken, and
the other to marble. In the prouince of Caizimii, in the regions of Iguanama, Caincoa,
sptinpi of Mit, and Guariagua, there are springes whose waters arc of marueylous nature, bceing in tiir
n-Mhe «id wwtt !<uper(iciall or vppermost parte frcshc, in the middest, myxtc of s.iltc and freslic, and in the
lowest parte salte and soure. They thinke that the salt water of the sea issucth out softly,
and the freshe to spring out of the mountaynes : The one fallcth downe, and the other ry-
seth, and are not therefore so vniucrsaily myxtc, whereby the one may vttcriy corrupt the
other. If any manne lay his care to the groundc nccrc to any of these springes, hec sh.ill
Hollow »uci in jjcrcciuc thc groundc there to bee sohollow, that the rebounding noysc of a horseman comminjj,

■'" ' may bee heardc for thc space of three my les, and a footcman one my Ic. In thc last region tow.nnl

thc South, named Guaccaiarima, in thc lordship of Zauana, they say there arc ccrtayncwild men,
which liuc in the caues .ind dennes of themountayncs, contented only with wylde fruitcs: Thesr
men neucr vse the company of any other, nor will by any mcancs become tame. Thej
lyuc without any ccrtayne dwelling places, and without tyllagc or culturyng of the groundc,
as wee readc of them whichc in oldc tymc lyued in the golden age. They say also thai
these men are without any ccrtayne language : They are sometymes scene, but our mcnne
haue yet liydc handes on none of them. If at any tymc they come to the sight of men,
and pcrcciuc any making towarde them, they (lee .swifter then a Ilartc : Yea, they afTirmc
them to bee swifter then Grchounds. What one of these solitarie wanderers dyd, it is worth
the htaring. So it is, that our men hauing granges adioyning neere vnto the thicke wood^,
ccrt.iyne <f them repayred thither in the moncth of September, in the ycerc M.D xiiii. in
thc nicane time, one of these wylde men came leaping out of the woodc, & approchinj
somewhat towarde them with smyling countenance, .soddcniy snatched vppea childe of their*,
being the sonne of thc owner of the grange, which he begot of a woman of the Ilandc:
He mnne away with thc chiKle, and m.ide signes to our men to follow' him : Many followed,
aswell (if our men, as of the naked inhabitantes, but all in vayne. Thus when the pleas.nnt
wanderer pcrceiucd that thc Christians ceased to pursue him, hec left the chyldc in a crossc
wiy by the which the swynehcardes were accustomed to dryue the swync to their p.is-
ture. Shortly after, a swynehearde founde thc childe, and brought him home to his father,
yet tormenting himsclfe for sorrowe, supposing that wyld man to haue beene one of thc
kinde of the Canibales, and that his sonne was nowe deuoured. In the same Ilande thcv
gather |)ylch, whiehe swe.itcth out of the rockes, becing much h.nrdcr and sourer then the
pytih of thc tree, and is therefore more commodious to calkc or defende shynpes agavn<t
the woormcs called Bromas, whereof wee haue spoken largely bcefore. Tms Ilandc aUo
briiigcth foorth pytch in two kyndcs of trees, as in the Pyne tree, and another named Co-
peia I neede not speake of the Pyne tree, because it is cngendred and knowne in mannrr
cilery where. Let vs therefore speake somewhat of the other tree called Copcia. Pitrhc
i< likewise gathered of it, as of the Pyne tree, although some say that it is gathered by dis-
tilling or dropping of the woodc when it is burnt. It is a strange thing to hearc of the ic.ifc
thereof, and howe necessarie prouision of nature is shewed in the same. It is to bee thoiii,'hi
that it is the tree, in the Icaucs whereof thc Chaldeans (bering the first finders of letters)
expressed their mynde bcefore the vse of paper was knowne. This Icafe is a spaniic i:i
breadth, and almost roimde. Our men write in them with pynnes or needles, or any sue h
insfrumentes made of metall or wood, in maner as well as on paper. It is to bee laiighrd
at, what our men haue perswadcd thc people of thc Ilandc as touching this Icafe. The s\tn-
pie soules bclccue, that at the commaundement of our men, leaues doc speake and disdosc
secretes. They were brought to this crcdulitic by this meanes. One of our menne dwelling
in thc citic of Dominica, thc chiefe of the Ilande, deliuered to his seruant (being a man

borne

ourul.

Cfrtainf wild
tnrii lltiini{ li)
(.itirs dud
dctinvf.

Men without a
rcrtainc Ian-
guagr.

Men 3i M\ift as
r.rchuuiidk.

A wiltfc man
nini>rth v\ay
nith a ..hiidr.

I'itth

..f tlie

rnckc.

I'itch

of two

kind«<

i)t" trrf 1.

i ht 1

yilr tifC

The t

ct L'o-

ptia.

The lenff of s
trtr ill tiir stcid

thdt Iraucs du

tjK-akf.

.\ I'rttie »tury

! n

The thiide Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

299

borne in the Ilandc) cortayne rostcd Conies (whichc they call Vtia«, becinj? no by^Rcr then
iny^e) willing him to rnric the H»mc to h'm Tricnde, whiche dwelt further within the Ilandc.
Thii mewcngcr, whether it were that he was iherrto constrayned through hunger, or ciity«cd
by appetite, deuoured three of the Conii'st by the way. Hce to whom they were sent, wrote
to hilt fricnde in a leafe how many he rcceiiicd. When the mnister haddc looked awhile on
the Icafe in the presence of the seruant, lice saydc tluii vnto him, Ah Honne, where iM thy
fayth ? Could thy greedic appetite prcuayle no much with thee, a» to cause thee to eate the
Conies committed to thy fidelitic ? The poore wretchc trembling and greatly amased, con-
feiued hi.s fault, and therewith detiired his maifiter to tell him howc he kncwe the trticth there-
of. Thin Icafe (quoth he) which thou hroughtesit nice, hnth toldc me all. Then he further
rehcanied vntu him the liourc of hit* comming to his fricnde, and lykewise of his departing
when hec returned. And thus they inerily dcceiue tiiesc scely-HoulcH, and keepc them vnder
obedience : insomiiche that they take nur men fur gods, at whose commaundement Icaiies
do disclose such thinges as they thinke most hid and secrete. Both the sides of the leafe
receiucth the fourmcs of letters, euen ns dooth our papir. It is thicker then double parch-
ment, and maruelous tough. While it is yet florishvng and newc, it sheweth the letters white
in greene, and when it isdrie, it bcecummeth white and harde, like a tabic of woode, but
the letters waxe yelowc : It dooth not corrupt or putrilie, nor yet looseth the letters though
it bee wet, nor by any other meanes, except it bee burnt. There is another tree named
Xagua, the iuyce of whose sourc apple, benig of a darke redde coloure, stayneth and co-
loureth whatsocuer is touched therewith, and that so firmely, that no washing can take it
away for the space of twentic daycs. When the apple is full rype, the iuyce looseth that
strength. The apple is eaten, and of good tast. There is an hearbc also, whose smoke (as
wee haue rehearsed the like bcelbre of a certayne wood) is deadly poyson. On a tyme when
the Kinges assembled together, and conspired the destruction of our men, where as they
durst not attempt the interprisc by open warre, their deuise was, pritiily to lay many bundels
of those hearbes in a certayne house, which shortly after they intended to set on fire, to the
intent that our men, making hast to quench the same, might take their death with the smoke
thereof: But, their purposed practyse being bewrayed, the authours of the deuise were pun-
ished accordingly. Nowe (most holy father) forasmuche as your holincsse wryteth, that
whatsoeuer we haue written of the newe worlde, doth please you right well, wee will rehearse
ccrtaine thinges out of order, but not greatly from our purpose. Of the setting the rootes
of Maizium, Ages, lucca, Hattatas, and such other, being their common food, and of the
vse of the same, we haue spoken suflicienlly before : But by what meanes they were first
applied to the comodity of men, we haue not yet declared. Wee nowe therefore cntcndc
to cntreale somewhat hccrcof.

The ninth Chapter of the thirde Decade.

Tllcy say that the first inhabitours lined contented wi h the motes of Dates, and Maguenns,
whiche is an hcarbe, much like vnto that whiche is comonly called Sengrenc or Orpin : also
the rootes of Guaiegans, which are round and great, muche like vnto piiffes of the earth or
mushroomcs. They did likewise eate Guaicros, like vnto Pcrsnips, Cihaios like Xiitles, Ci-
baiocs and .Macoanes, like vnto Onions, with diucrse otiicr surli rootes. They s^ay that after
many yeercs, a certaine Boitioii, that is, a wise oide man, sawc vppon the bankcs syde a
biish like vnto fcnell, &: transplanting the root thereof, brought it from wiUlerncssc to a better
kitule, by nourishing it in gardens. This w.is the beginning; uf lucc.i, wiiich at the first was
dratlly poyson to all sucii as did eate thereof rawe. But for as much as they jicrcciued it to
l)c (>r |)lcasant taste, they determined many w.iyes to prouc the vsc thereof, and at the length
found by experience, that being sodde, or fryed, it was lessc hurtfull : by whiche meanes
als(>, ihcy canic to the knowledge of the venome lying hyd in the iuyce of tlic route. Thus
liy drying, salting, seasoning, and otherwise tcmjicryng it, they brought it to their fyne
bread, which they cal Ca/.abbi, more delectable and holsome to the stomacke of man then
brcnd made of whcate, because it is of easier digestion. The same is to be vndcrstoodc of

Q q S other

f XI

lgiiniin<?«r.itii-

rth ailmiu'iuii.

Til' leafe whrre.
in the/ write.

A (troiise cii-
lourt of tlw
iuycL' uf an
apple.

Anhearbewhoje
imukc iipuywu.

The kindei of
fruitei where-
with the iiihi-
hiunlcs lyued
Brit.

Nfceisitie thf
mother of alt
^rtci.

The fvtif brfjfi
o( the tootcs ot

>*I I

w ),

li'-Clto-r'^-

!■'

■ m '> ■:

Itff f.

,1k

t < 'II

•Ml

:te

t I

S()0

VOYAOES. NAUIOATIONS,

The ihlrdc Dtriulf.

How* C»r«i

hril fiHiiidf th<

Tilt tooKi of
A|ii.

Thf luthouri

Plinit.

Other roolfi, and the f^raync of \fni/.ium, whichc they haiic chown for their chicfc mcate
amon;{ the bcccIch of nutiiro, at wc rcailc howc Ccrei the daughter of Saturniifi, galhrrrd
»'ill.'i?'r"uiuy wheatc and barloy ( with Niuh other rorne an are now mo«t in \ne amonK men) in R^ypt, of
III uiypi. certayne j^ravnc* taken out of the imidde dryuen from the mountain* of Ethiopia by the in-
crease of the ryurr Nilun, & left in the nluyne at Huch time a* NiUi* retorted agayne to hiit
chanell. For the which fact, wc rcade that the antiquitio gaue diuine honour to Ceres, who
first nourished and inrreaMcd «uchc chonen deeds. There arc innumerable kindet of Arch,
the varictie whereof, it knownc by their Icaucii and flowers. One kinde of thete, is called
(iiianagu;ix, this is white both within and without. An other named Ouaraguei, is of violet
cddur without, and white within. The other kindes of Ages, they call Zazaucios, these an-
rcddr without and white within. Squiuetes, are white within, redde without. Tunna, is ;il.
together of violet colourc. Ilobas is yclowe both of skinne and inner substaunce. Thrrc
is another named Atibunieix, the skinne of this is of violet colour, and the substaunce while,
Aniguamar, hath his skinne also of violet coloure, and is white within. Ouaccaracca, luih
a white skinne, and the substance of violet colour. There are many other which are not )ii
brought to vs. But I fcarc me least in the rehearsal of these, I shall prouoke the spurrrs nl
malicious persons against me, which wil scorne these our doingcs, for that wee haue written
of many such small thinges, to a Prince occupyed in such weyghtie atFayrcs, at vnto your
holinosse, vpon whose shoulders rcsteth the burden of the whole Christian worlde. But I
woulde aske of these malicious cnuycrs of other mens trauailes, whether Plinie and such
other famous writers, when they directed and dedicated such thinges to kinges and Prinrei,
entended onely to profit them to whom they consecrated the fruit of their knowledge. Thev
Homeiymes intcrmyxt famous things with obscure thinges, light with heauie, and great wiih
small, that by the furtherance of Princes, their vniuersall posteritic might enioye the fruitinti
of the knowledge of thinges. At other times also being entent about particular thinges, .ind
desirous of new things, they occupied themselues in searching of particular tractes and
coastcs, with such thinges as nature brought foorth in the same, by this meanes to come the
better to more absolute and vniuersall knowledge. Let them therefore contemne our doinj,-,
and we will laugh to scorne not their ignorance and slouthfulnesse, but pernicious curioiis<
nessc : and therewith hauing pytie of their frowarde dispositions, will committe them to the
vcncmiius Sirpentcs of whome enuie tooke his first originall. It shall in the meane tymr
abiindaiitly ( ontcnt vs, that these thynges doe please your holynesse, and that you doe iki
dcspysc our simple vestures, wherewith wee haue only weaue<l together, and not adourned,
f;aihcre(l, and not described, such marucilous thynges, in the garnvshing whereof, nature
hath suniciently shewed her cunning. Our desire is none other herein, but for your sake ti
doc our endeuour that these things may not peryshe : let euery man take hecreof what lykeili
him best. Of the sheepe or bullocke solde in the market, nothing remayneth in the eueniiii:,
bccrausc the shoulder pleaseth one, the legge another, and the necke another : yea sonic
hniic most phantasie to the bowelles, and some to the feete. Thus hauing enough wandered,
Itttc vs rcturnc to our purpose, and declare with what woords they salute the Kinges children
when they arc first borne, and how they apply the beginning of their lines to the end, m\
why their kinges are called by many names. Therefore when the King hath a sonne borne,
suchc as dwell ncerc about his pallace or village, repayre to the (pieenes chamber, where cni'
By wiijt n-.mi salutcth the newe borne childc with one name, and another with another name. God muc
k'il.g.'ti.'i'wif " thee thou shining lampe, sayth one : Another calleth him, bright and cleare. Some mnie
whciiihcyarf him the victoiircr of his cucmies : and other some, the piiissaunt conquerour descended ot'
iCnimri .ii.d bloud royall, and brighter then goldc : with diners other suche vaync names. Thcrelnrc
■;''■",'■''"**"" like as euery of the Roinane cmperours was called Adiabcnicus, Parthicus, Armenicus, Daci-
luuri. cus, (lothii US, anil Cicrmanicus, according to the titles of their parents and aunceslcrs : eueii

so by the imposition of names inuentcd by other kinges, Bcchicus Anacacoa the lord of the
region of Xangua (of whom and of the wise woman Anachaona his sister, we haue spoken
largely in the first Decade) was called by all these names following, Tiireigua Hobin, whidi
is as much to saye a.s, a king shining as bright as laton, Slarei, that k, bright, Iluibo, liii;h-

iicssc,

.! <

:• S'l

l^t ^

thlrdc Dtnuh.

The ihirdt Lttndt,

TnAFPTQUrs. AND DTSCOUCTTES.

301

netue, Duiheynequen, a rich finiid. With all lhe«c namcM, and mnrr then rmiriio mhcr
Ruch, doth king BeuchiuH maf^nilie himnelfe m ohen m hce cominaundcth any thiiiK lo |)ce
done« or cauvcih any proclamation to be made in hiit name. IT the cryer by ncgliKcncu
jeaue out any of ihcHe namr^ the king thinlt^ih it to toundc f^rratly to hii contumely ami
rcproche : The like ia aI«o ol" other. Howe fondly fliey vmc thcmMcliieM in making their icstit- if ^Hvrnukf
menlei*, wee will nowe declare. They leaiie th<p inhcrilJnco of their kinKdumei* to tlielde»t
HonneM of their elde«l siHleri. If ithce fayle, to the eldest "f the socundc MyNter, and no of
the thirde if theiecunde aUo fayle: For they nre out "f duubi ih/ii thoMc children come of
ihfir bloude, but the children of their ow'ie wyucs, iJmv counte to [^(f not legitimate. fC
there remayne none of their niNter* children, ,! v leyiio the i^herltaimce to their brothers:
nnd if they fayle, it destcendeth to their ownc >' iocs. Last of dll, if all these fnyle, Ihry
nssigne it to the worthiest, a-t to him that in of greatr*> power in all the (Isildc, that hce may dndirmt
dcfcnde their nubiectes from their auncient enemies. Iliey l.ikc as many wyilfs as them ^i"""'-''
lystcth. They wifT'er the best bcloued of the kingcs wyucs and concubincM to be biirycd 3'^' I'll,'''",,,.,,,
with him. Anachuona the Mister of Bcuchius the king of Xaragiia, being a woman of such i>iiit< ^t/hum^i
winedome and cunning, that in making of rymev and ballcttcii hIicc was cntinfed a propheiissc *"'*'""'•
among the best, commanded, that among all the wiues and concubines of the King her bro-
ther, the fayrest( whose name was Giianahattabenechina) shouldc bee buried aliue with him,
and two of her wayting maydcs with her : Shce would surely haue appointed diuers other to
that office, if shre had not bcene oiherewise perswadcd by the prayen* of certayne fryers of
jtaint Fraunces order, which chaunced then to bee presient. They say that this Giianahatta-
benechina had none in all the Ilande comparable to her in bcautic. She buryed with her all riirv b.irie iii..r
her iewels, and twentie of her best ornamentcs. Their cuslome is, to place beside euery of Th*™! *'"
ihem in their sepultures, a cuppe full of water, & a portion of the fy.ie bread of C'a/abbi. a .irnmr ..f
In X.iragua, the region of this king Beurhius, and in Ila/ua, part of the region of Caiabo, Ji'ui! "' '"""
.ilso in the fayre vale of salfe and freshe lakes, and lykewisc in the region of Yuquino in
the prouinre of Hainoa, it rayncth but seldome : In all these regions are fosses or trenches Whtrf it r^yn.
made of olde time, whereby they conuey the water in order to water their (icides, with „„"'''"""'''""••
lease art then doe the inhabitoun) of newe Carthage, and of the kingdome of Murcien in
Spartaria for the scldome fall of rayne. The region of Magucna, diuideth the prouinct- of
Rninoa from Haiabo, and /aiiana from Giiaccaiarima. In the dcepc valeM, they are troubled ^^
with rayne more often then needeth. Also the confines of the chiefe citie, named S. Domi-
nike, are moister then is necessaric. In other places, it raineth moderatly. There arc ther-
forc in the Hand of Ilispaniola, diners and variable motions of the elcmcntcs, as we reade ^"'"^\' 'p"-
the like of m.my other regions. Ol their colonics or mansions which the Spaniardes haue Kiemenix.
erected in this Hand, we haue spoken snfjicienily before. They liaiie since that time builded
these villages, I'orlus I'lalic, I'ortus Hegalis, Lares, Villanoiia, Aziiam, and Salua Terra. Jjl"^ "'""'"">''
Hailing saide thus much of the Hand of Hispaniola, the mother and lady of the other Ilandes, thtSpl.ni'rjM
and as it were Tethys the most beautifull wife ol Neptunus the God ol the sea, let vs nowe Vh'/.rthcr"'"
cnlreate somewhat of her Nimphes and fayre Nereides, which waitc vppon her, and adoiirne ii4iidc. jiwut
her on euery side. We will therfore begin at the nearest, called the newe Arcthus.i, ho ."',y'{j|,',','j'^f
named of the foimlaine .\rethusa in the Hand of Sicilie. This is famous by reason of a Aicthuu.
spring, but otherwise vnprofitabie. Our men named it of late Duas Arburcs, because it
h;ith onlye two trees growing in it : nccre vnto the which is a founlainc that comcth from
the ll.iiui of Ilispaniola through the secrete passages of the earth viulor the sea, and breaketh a iptine nm.
fiiortli id this Ilande, as the riucr .Mphcus in Achaia runneth viuler tiio sea from the citie of'^j'Vi'.nVi!.'-'
\.VW, and breaketh foorth in the Hand of Sicilie in the fountaine Arcthusa. That the foun- P""'""-^"-
taine of this newe Arcthusa, hath his originall from the Ilande of llispnniola, it is manifest "' '
liecrehy. that the water issuing out of the fountaine bringeth with it the leaues of many
trees whichc growe in ilispa.iiola, and not in this Ilande. They saic that the fuuntaine hath
his originall from the riuer Yiamiroa, in the region of (iuaccaiarima, confining with the laiidc
of Znuana. This Ilande is not pa.st a mile in circuitc, and commodious- for tishermcn. I)i-
rcctlv towards the East (as it were the porter keeping the cnlrie to Tciiii>i) licih the li.iiulc

Wherf it nvn«
ih much

i '

!■

Ui'>''

ifr. \

'•||-i|

■ ..t

•; I

p-n

'\r^

i !

l^i ,,

909

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The thirdc Decade,

Tlif lljnd of
Sancti lohnnnis.

Thf Ibndf of

hijuiiiuctiil.

The tiilif f'-Ile

The Il.nd pf

Thr Iljni of
OradJupcJ.

Tilt :\'T\\ called
Aninic Ubum.

Datts.

Pii-c tree*.

Thr CA;.iLjlr>.

WherrViv it w£S
♦ nought thtt
ffirrc were
llirulcsuf
uonirn.
Hon) ii) tree*
iiid ijtkrs.

i.dtvAi.
ThcIlaiMle G»-
Liiti.

Thf Ilandfi of

'I'tid'is .SjllCtOS,
HT IViihaU.
I he Uaiidc
M'i(isrrr:itUS.
*Iht lLi;uc
Aiitiijui.

of Sancfi Fohannis (orlirrwise called Rurichcna) whereof we haue spoken largely before :
this aboimdcfh with ^old, and in fniiti-full soile la equall with her mother Hispaniola : in
this are manv rolonics or mansions of Spaniardcs, which apply them sehics to feathering of
poldc. Towards the West on tlie North side, great Cuba (for the lonj;nessc thereof, lonjr
supposed to be continent or firmc lande) wnrdith our Tethis on the backe halfe. This is
much longer then Hispanioln, and From the East to the West is diuided in the middcMt with
the circle called Tropicus Cancri. Hispaniola and the other lying on the South side of fl,i,^
are included almost in the mydde space betweene the saide Tropike and ti>e Equinccliall line,
which many of the oldc x.riters supposed to be vnhabitable and desart, by reason of the fcr-
uent luate of the Sunne in that clime, as they coniectured : but they were dereiued in their
o|)ini()n. They afRrme that richer golde mynes are foundc in Cuba, then in Ilijpaiiiola
They say also that cuen now while I write these thinges, there is goldc geathercd together
ready to the melting, amounting to the quantitie of a hundred and fourescore thousand Ca.s-
tellaiis of gold, an argument surely of great richesse. lamaica is more towardc the South
then these, and is a pleasaunt and fruitful llande, of soyle apt for corne, graflcs and scttes,
it eonsisfeth of onely one mounlaine : the inhabitantea are warrelike men, and of good^^jt
Colonus compared it to Sicilic in bignesse. They which of late nearched it more exactly,
say that it is somewhat lesse, but not muche. It is thought to be without golde and prccion*
stones, as the like was supposed of (Uiba at the beginning. The llande of (iuadalupea (lirm
named Caraqueira) lyii;g on the South side of Hispaniola i» foure degrees nearer the Va\\\\.
noctiall. It is eaten and indented with two gulfcs (as we reade of great Britanie, nowi
called England, and Calidonia, nowe called Scotland) being in maner two llandcs. It hath
famous Porles. In this they foundc that gumme whiche the Apothecaries call Animae Album,
whose (ume is holsomc against reumei and heauincsse of the head. The tree whiche engcn-
dereth this gumme, beareth a fruile much like vnto a Date, being a spanne in length. When
it is opened, it seemeth to conteine a certaiiie swecte meale. As our husbandmen are ar-
customed to reserue Chestnuts, and such other hartle fruites, all the winter, so do ihey ih(
Dates of this tree, being much like vn.i a Figge tree. They foundc also in this llande, I'liu-
trees, of the best kinde, and such other daintie diHhes of nature, whereof we haue spoken
largelie before ; Yea they thinke that the inhabitauntes of other Ilandcs, had their seedcs (jI
so manv ple.isaunt fniites from hence. For the Canibales, being a wilde and wandering'
people, and ouerrunniiig all the countrcie about them, to hnnte for mans Heshe were nriu*-
tomed to bring home with them whatsoeuer they founde straunge or profitable in anye i»!a( e:
They are intractable, and will admit no straungcrs. It shall therefore be nccderull to oucr-
come them with great power : For as well the women as men, arc expertt- archers, and v>f
to iriuenome their arrowes. When the men go foorth of the lande a man hunting, the wo-
men manfully defend tlieir coastes ag.-\inst such as attempt to inuade the same. And herein
I suppose it w.is thought, that there were Ilaiules in the Ocean, inhabited onely with wonuii,
as Colonus the Admiral him sclfe perswaded mee, as I haue saide in the first Decade. Thi>
llande hath also fruitefull mountaines and plaines, and notable riuers. It nourishelh hoii\ in
trees, and in the caues of rockcs, as in Palma one of the llandes of Canaria, hony is !>e;i-
ihercd among the briers and bramble bushes. About, xviii. miles I'.aslward from this Ilaiiilc,
lieth an llande which our men named Desiderata, being, xx. miles in circuite, and verie laire
Also about terine miles from (Juadalupea towarde the S(.\.fh, lieth the llande of (iihuii.i,
being thirlie miles in circuite, andplaine: It was so named for the neatencsse and he.iuii-
fulnesse thereof. Nine miles distant from Guadaiupea towarde the East there are .sixe sm:ill
llandes, named Todos Sanctos, or Barbatj: these are full of rocks, & barren, yet necoss;ir\
to be knowcn to such as \se to trauaile the seas of these coastes. Againe, from (iuadalupci
XXXV. miles towardc the North, there is an llande n.imed Monserratus, conieiiiing in rircuiic
fourtie miles, liauing also in it a moimtaine of notable lu-ight. The llande named ,\Mii(|i:,T,
<lisfa;ife from (iuadalupea thiriie miles, is about foiirtie miles in circuite. Diegus CoIoimk
the stuinc and hcire of Christophnrus Coionii'., toUle me tiiat his wife (whom he lefle in ihi-
llande of Hispaniola at his loiuiniix.' into Spaiiic to the courfe) did write vnto hiin, tiiai of

l,,tc'

thii'dc Decndf.

The thirde Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

late among the Ilandcs of the Canibalrs, there is one founde which aboundeth with golde.
On the lefte side of Hispaniola towarde the South, neere vnto the haucn Beata, there licih an
llande named Portus Beilus : they tell marueilous thinges of the monsters of the sea about
this llande, and especially of the Tortoises, for they say that they are bigger then great
rounde targettes. At suchc time as the heate of nature moueth them to generation, they
come forth of the sea, and making a dcepe pit in the sando, they lay three or foure hundred
cggcs therein. When they haue thus emptied their badges of conception, they put as
muchc of the sande aijaine into the pit, as may suifice to couer the egges, and so resort againc-
to the sea, nothing carefull of their succession. At the day appointed of nature to the pro-
creation of these beastes, there crecpeth out a multitude of Tortoises, as it were pissemires
swarming out of an ant hill : and these onely by the heate of the vSunne, without any helpo
of their parentes. They say that there egges are in maner as bigge as Geese egges. They
also compare the flcshe of these Tortoises, to be cquall with vealc in taste. There are bcsiii<?
these, innumerable Ilaiules, the which fhiy haue not yet searched, nor yet is it greatly ne-
cessary to sift this mcale so finely. It may suffice to vnderstande that there arc large landes,
.niul many regions, which shall hecreafter receiue our nations, toungcs, and maners, and
therewith embrace our religion. The Troians did not sodeinly replenish Asia, the Tirians
Libia, nor the Grcekes and Phenices Spaine. As touching the Ilandcs whichc lie on the
North side of Ilispaniola, I haue let passe to speake : For albeit they are commodious for
tillage and fishing, yet are they lefte of the Spaniartles as poorc and of small value. We will
nowe therefore take our leaue of this old Tethis, with her moist and watery Nimphes, and
receiue to our new acquaintance the beautifull lady of the South sea, richly crowned with
great ncarlcs, the llande of Diies being richc both in name and in treasure. In my Epistle
booke which I sent vnto your holinessc this last yeerc, I declared howe Vaschus Nuiine/ Bal-
boa, the Captainc of them which passed ouci' the daungeroiis mouiitaines toward the South
sea. learned by reportc, that in the pn)spect of those coastes there lay an llande abounding
with pearles of the greatest sort, and that the king thereof was richc, and of great power,
infesting with warres the other kinges his borderers, and especially (.'hiapes and Tumacchus:
Wee declared further, howe at that time it was left vntouched by reason of the raging tem-
pestcs which troubled that South sea three monethes in the yeerc. But it is now better
knowne to our men, who haue now also brought that fierce king to humanitic, and conucrted
him from a cruell Tyger, to one of the meeke siieepe of Christes tlocke, sanctified with the
water of baptisme, with all his familie and kingdome. It shall not therefore be from our
|)iirpose to declare, by the gouernaunce of what caplaines, or by what nieanes these thinges
ucre so happily atchieued.

The tenth Chapter of the thirde Decade.

.\T the arryuall of Pctnis Arias the new gouernour of Daricna, he gaue eommandement
that one (Jaspar Mor.dis should take in i^and ttte expedition to the llande of Ditcs. Ilee
therefore toolvc his voyage fii^t to Chiapes & Tumacchus kinges of the South, whom Vaschus
before had conciled & left friends to the Christians. They friendly & magnifically enter-
tcinedour men, who prepared the a nauy of j^ kings boats to pasfae oner into this Hand, which
they cal Ditei, and not .Margarita or Margaritea, although it abound with pearl.s, which in the
Latin long are called Margarita?. For they tirst called another by this name, wiiich Iveth
next to the mnuth of Os Draronis in the regio of Paria, in the wliich ;ilso is foCid great piety
nf piarles. Caspar brought witii him only xl. armed men to the lirul, f<ir titat he couW
(iui''y oucr no greater number, by reaso of the smalnes & iiarowncsof their boates or barks,
which they cal Culchas made of one whole peece of timber, as we haue sayd before. The king
of the Hand came forth .igainst thnn fiersly, with cruel and threatning countenaiue, i*t with a
);reat band of armed men, crying in maner of a larome, & in token of the baftavie, Gua/zaiian
(Iii;i/7.auara, which is asmuch to say as, battaile against the eneniv, & is (as it were) a watcii
wnrd to giue the onset : wherewith also they threw their darts, lor they haue not tlie \sf of
hows. They were so obstinate & desperate, that they assailed our men w foure C^uaz/aiiaras,

that

303

The Ilandp
I'ortuj BcUui.
CfTc,it*ronoy:f#

• hf srnfrati.in
of Torto, ..■,.

Ttif K{.'ri of
Toitoiici.

Illllunierjble
llaiidfw

Tnti iijs.

I'injiis.

tireekcs.

l*'iciiitiaii^

The North

llandes.

The Il.ui,ii-.i„f
the South <ej.

The lljiide of
pej[te>.

Wilde benstr*
must I'r tamed
with ilje tod.

All eT(»cJi:iiji' irt
the II.Lj.,1. „|
l).'.-< 1.1 the
South Kd.

The llande oi
Mjrifaritt,

Oi l>Hi;onil.

I'diK.

-*ct.

i--'

'.)

.,f

id If

in :J ■

.! '.I'l'l

^ '■■■?*

''1
'1

r, .ii

; I

' '\

'f^

. i.'

: 1

t ^ • ■

; i

(

■ 1

.!■

' 1

304

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

The thirdt Decade.

IljnJr i't Dite
submiltrth 1

scire.

Thf kiiigci

tolde.

Thf kiiigfS

that is, battailes. At the Icnplh our men '"ith ccrtaine of Chiapcs and Tumacchus men
(beeing olde enemies to this king of the Ilande) got the vppcr handc, by reason they assailed
the king sodenly and vnawares. Ycl was hee determined to assemble a greater power, and
once againc to attempt the fortune of warre, but that he was otherwise perswaded by the
kinges his borderers, which counselled him to giue ouer, and submit himselfe, somtiitic by
the example of themselues & other, threalning the destruction of his flourishing kingdoinc,
and otherwhiles declaring vnto him the humanitie and gentlenesse of our men, by whose
friendship hee might obtcyne honour and quietnesse to him and his: willing him furthc.--
more to cosider, what chaunrcd vnto them which the yeere before resisted and aducnturcd
the hasarde of the battaile, as did these kings Poncha, Pocrhorrosa, Quarequa, Chiaj)cs and
Tumacchus, with such other. IJy these perswasions, the king submitted himselfe, and came
Thr kingofihf friendly to our men, whom he conducted to his palace, which they say to bee manicil()us!\
n,,„ adourned and prince like. As soone as they entred into the pallace, hee brought foorth a
basket of curious workemanship, and full of pearles, which hee gaue them. The suninie
of these pearles amounted to the weight of a hundred & ten pounds, after, viii. ounces id
A huiidrnh ind the pounde : being a>;aine rewarded of our men, with such tryfles as they brought widi
rf"ptrri""'''^' '^*^'" '^^ purpose, as garlandes of Christall, and glasse, and other counterfeit stones of diner.
Airs and hanh. colours, with lookiug glasses also, and laton belles, and especially two or three Iron haidin,
(fcmfdihtn (which they niorc estceme then great hcapes of golde) he thought himselfe abun(!ani!\
recompenced. They laugh our men to scornc, that they will depart with so great and m.
tessarie a thing for anic summe of golde: aflfirming an axe or hatchet to be profitable fc
many vscs of men, and that golde serueth onely for wanton pleasures, and not to be grcail,
ncccssarie. Being therefore ioyfull and glad of the friendship of our men, he tooke the ca|j.
taine by the handc, and brought him with certaine of his familiars to the highest towrc (,|
his palace, from whence they might prospecte the maync soa : then casting his eyes about
him on euery side, and looking towarde the East, hee saide vnto them, Beholdc, heere
lyeth open before you the infinite sea, extended bcyonde the sunnc beames : then turniiii;
him toward the South and West, he signified vnto them that the laade whiche laie bcfin
their eyes, the toppes of whose great mountaincs they might see, was exceeding large : then
iiai.dfj rjch in commiiig somewhat necrcr, hee sayde, Beeholde these Ilandes on the right hande and i n
fo na i^'t'-jhe ipfi^ which all obey vnto cur empyre, and are ryche, hap|)ie, and blessed, if you «![
those Ilandcs blessed whiche abounde with golde and pearle. Wo haue in this Hand liiile
pleniic of golde: but the deepe places of all the seas about these Ilandes are full of pearles
whereof you shall rcceyue of niec as many as you will require, so that yee persist in the
bonde of fricndshyppe which you haue begunne. I greatly desire your friendshippe, ami
woulde gladly haue the fruition of your thinges, whiche I sette muche more by then millinb
of pearles : You shall therefore haue no cause to doubt of any vnfaithfulncsse or bre.icli if
friendeshippe on my behalfe. Our menne gaue him lyke friendly wordes, and encoiiraijcj
him with many fayre promises to doe as he hade sayde. When our menne were noweina
readinesse todepartc, they couenanted with him to pay yeerely to the great king of Cast\le
r rounik a hundred pounde weight of pearles. He gladly agreed to their request, and tooke it fr
>.m:y"fur'!'"""g''<'3t •hing, nor yet thought himselfe any whit the more to beccomc tributarir. With
this king they founde such plentie of Harts and Conies, that our men, standing in their houses,
might kill as many .as them list with their arrowes. They line heere very plcasauiitly, hanim^
great plentie of all thinges nccessaric. This Hand is scarcely sixe degrees distant from ilic
Lquinoctiall lyne. They haue the same mancr of breadc, made of routes ;ind the grayni' d
Mai/.ium, and wine made of seedes and fruiles, euen as they haue in the region of Comof;r,i,
and in other places, aswcll in the Ilandes, as in the firme hinde. This king is nowe baptised,
with all his familie and subiectes. His desire was, at his bapti.sme, to bee named Pctrii,
Arias, after the name of the gouernour. When our men departed, hee accompanied thorn
to the sea side, A: furnished them with boalesio returne to the ronliiul. Our menne diiiiikd
the pearles among them, rcscruing the fift portion to bedeiiuercd to tlie oflicers of the kini;es
Exchequer in those partes. They say that these pearles were mariieilous precious, fairo,

orient,

tnhiite,
IMfnlie of
Hartc! jt}d
Cuflicl.

\\*ine of fiuils
.md seeds.
The king It
haptueU.

rl.e tift I'srti
I'earlrt dui: ti
the kui^.

rij

The thirdc Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

305

orient, & exceeding big: insomuch that they brought many with them bigger then hasell
nultes. Cf what prysc, & vahic they might bee, I consider by one pearle the whic he Paulus, Dig pwriM.
jjredeccssour to your holines, bought at the secod hand of a marchant of Venice for foure & a r^itfora
fourtie thousand ducates. Yet amog those which were brought from this Hand, tlierc was
one Ijonght cuen in Dariena, for a thousand & two hundred Castellas of gold this was ahnost An oti»t i«irit
as big as a meane wahuit, & came at the length to the liandcs of Pefrus Arias the goucrnour, °' s'"< v""-
who gaue it to that noble and faithfull woman his wife, of whose manner of departure with
her husband, wc hauc made mention before. Wc must then necdes thinkc that this was
vcrv precious, whiche was bought so deare among such a multitude of j)earles, where they
were not bought by one at once, but by poundes, and at the least by ounce. It is also to
bee thought that the ^'^enctian marchant bought his for no great sumnicof tnoney in the East
parts: Hut he soldc it tiie dearer, for that he cl>aunced to liue in those lasciuious and wanton
(laves when men were giuen to such nice and superfluous pleasures, and met with a mar- Nice and bu-
chant for his purpose. But let vs nowe speake somewhat of the shellishes, in the which 'pj'^'"^""'
pcarles are engendred. It is not vnknowne to your holynesse, that Aristotle, and Plinie his i>iu"3 opinions
follower, were of diners opinions as concerning the generation of pearles. But these Indians, "fp^'fi'".'"'""
and our men, rest onely in one assertion, not .isienting to them in any other: as, cytherthat
ihcy wander in the sea, or that they mooue at any tymc after they are borne. They will
therefore that there be certayne greenc places, as it were meddowes, in the bottome of the
sea, bringing forth an hcarbe much like vnto Tyme, and affirmc that they hauc scene the Heatbcs imhi-
same, and that they arc engendred, nourished, and growc therein, as we see the increase,,„.
and succession of Oysters to grow about themselues. Also that these fishes delight not in the
conucrsalion or companie of the sea doggcs, nor yet to bee contented with onely one, two,
or three, or at the most foure pcarles, aflirming that in the fyshing places of the King of
this liande, there w.ts founde a hundred pearles in jme fyshe, the whiche Caspar Moralis theAhundrtd
Captainc hiinselfc, and his companions, diligently numbred : For it pleased the King at their jhei'ifylhc!"'
bceing there, and in their presence, to commaunde his dyuers to goe a fyshing for those
kinde of fyshcs. They compare the matrices of these fyshes, to the places of conception Thtmatrictot
ill Ilcnnex, jn the whiche their egges are engendred in great multitudes and clusters, and' 'f"" '' '
l)clccue tliat these fyshes bring foorth their birth in like manner. For the better proofe
thereof, they say that they founde certayne ])earlcs comming foorth of their matrices, asi"'"-' '>i"'> "f
lireing nowe ( omc to the tyme of their full rypenesse, and mooued by nature to come out'^""''
(if their mothers wombe, openyng it sclfc in time conuenient : Ivkewise, that within a while
aftiT, they sawe other succeede in like manner. So that to conclude, they sawe some com-
I'.iiiig foorth, and otlicrsome yet abiiling the tymc of their perfection : which being complete,
lliev also became Iodsc, and opened the matrice. They perceyued the pearles to bee in-
dosed in tlic myddest of their bellies, there to bee nourished and increase, as an infant suck-
ing his mothers puppes within her wombe, beelbrc hee raoouc to come foorth of her priuic
places. And if it chaunce any of these shelfishes to bee founde scattered in the sandc of
the sea (as I my selfe haue scene Oysters disparcled on the shores in dvuers places of the
Oican) they aflirme that they liaue beene violently driuen thither from the bottom of tlie
sea by force of tempestes, & not to haue w:iiulered thither of themselues: But, that they
Irconie while by the clearncsse of the morning dewe, or waxe yelowe in troubled weather,
iir otherwise that they seeme to rcio)ce in fayre weather and cleare ayre, or contrarywise, to
he as it were astonyshed :in(l dymme in thunder and tempestcs, with such other; the perfect
knowledge hereof, is not to be looked for at the handes of these vnlearncd men, which
hniidle the matter but grossely, and enipiirc no further then occasion serueth. Yet do they wi,rrf iiif
lilfirme l)v the experience and Industrie of the dvuers, that the greatest pearles lie in the l"*'^""";'""'^
deepest p!;ires, they of the meane sort hvgher, and the least highest of all, and neercr tocn^aijitJ.
the hrimme of the water: And s.ay therefure, that the greatest doe not wander, but that they
are created, nourished, and increase in the deepest places of the sea, whether fewe dvuers
(and that but seldome) dare aduenture to dyue so deepe to gather them, aswell for feare of
the sea crabbes, which waiulrr among these pearle fyshes to feedc of them, and for feare of.ScacnbKi.
vol.. V. R r , other

••i;

' 1 --

■'■ p; ;^ Hi

;^i

* <\

> II,.
' '1 ' ' •. ( I

i ■

H'lh.

306

Tlie sfa mu<cles

wlicieii) ]if.'irles
rue cngrmirLiU

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

Tlie thirde Decade.

'I'hf rfcion'; of
tlie Ea^t side uf
thcpultir if

The rreion of
Ciribaiia.

The orktiLilI of

tlic Cdlllll.lUs.

T'lr vi'iln^cs of
1 alilanj.

Maiihui;lcri.

otficr monsters of the sea, as also least thoir breath should fayle them in too log remavninn-
in the water: And tliis thi-y sny to bo the cause why the oldest (& therefore bigf^est) sea
muscles inhabite the deepest places, from whence they are not lightly moued by tipcsts.
Furthermore, how much the bigger «fc older these fishes are, they say that in their l:irgcr
matrices, the greater number & bigger pcarlcs arc found, and that for this cause there are
fewer found of the biggest sort. They thiiike also, that when they first fal from their fishes
in the deepc places, they are deuoured of other fishes, because they arc not yet heard.
Againe, the smallest dill'er from the biggest in a certainc swelling or impostunialiou, which
the S|);niyards call a tympany : For they dcnie that to be a pcarle which in olde mustlcs
cicaiicth fast tr) the shell, but that it is a wart, which being rased from the shell with a fyjc,
is round & bright but only of one side, and not precious, being rather of the nature of the
Jish it seife, then of a pearle. They confesse that they haue scene certainc of these inusdcs
cleaning on rockcs, yet these but I'ewe, and nothing woorth. It is also to bee thought, tlint
the pearle fishes or sea muscles whichc are fouudc in India, Arabia, the redde sea, or T;i-
probana, are ruled in such or.ler as the aforenamed famous authours haue written: For tlicir
opinion herein is not vtlcrly to be reiecled, forasnuichc as they were learned men, and tia-
uayltd long in the searching of these thinges. But wee haue nowe spoken sufficiently ( (
these sea fyshes, and of their egges, which the fond nicenesse and wantnnnessc of nieiine
haue made dearer then the egges of henncs or geese. Let vs therefore intreate somewhat
of other particular thinges, which are come to our knowledge of late. Wee haue elswiiorc
largely described the mouthes of the gtilfe of Vraba, with sundry and \ariable regions dj.
uided with the manifolde gulfes of that sen : Hut as concerning the West coastes, in the
which our men haue builded houses, and planted their habitations on the bankcs of DarieiKi.
I haue no newe matter to write. Yet as touching the F.ast |)arles of the guile, 1 haue leanud
as followeth. They sav that the vniucr«all lancle of the Fa«t region <if the gulfe, from dip
C(7rner thereof farre reaching into the sea, and from the extreame orvtfermost moulii of liic
same, rcceiuing the waters of the sea wiiiclie fail into if, cuen vnto Os Draconis and I'.iri:,
is b\- one gcnerall name called Caribana, of the C'aribcs or Canihale>< whiche are fouiulc i.i
euery region in this tracte : Hut from whence they hadde their particular originall.and howp,
Icaiiintr their natyue soyle, they haue sprcade their generati(>n so farre, lyke a iicstifercis
contagion, wee will nowe declare. 'flKTclore from the lirsle front reaching foorih into ilic
«,ea (in whose tracte we say<l that Fogeda fastened hi* (note) louanle the corner, alxnit niiu-
mvles di.;tant, there lyrth a village of Caribana, named I'uti raca : three mvles ilisiaunt rniii
this, is the village of X'raba, of the whiche it is ih(>uglit that the whole guile tookc his naiiu>,
bcecausc tiiis village was once the heade of (he kingdonie. About sixe myles from thi^. i<
Feti : Nine myles from Feti, is Zercma : And about tweliie m\ Ics from this, Sorache. Our
men fotnide all these viiiaires full of people, all the wliich giue theniselues onelv to ni;iii
hunting : Insomuche that if tlicy lacke enemies aga\ iwt \vh )ine they may kee|)e vsarre, tluA
exercise ( rucllic agavnsi tiitvnseliies, and evlher >.l:iv the one the other, or lU (lr\ ue the \;ui-
qiii-ilied to (Ivglit. \\herel)\ it is ap|)ar.inl, that bv tiie^e their continual! warres, and drviiiii"
the one the other out of their countreys, this infection hath gone so farre, not onelv on liic
lirme laiule, but also into the II. nicies. I \\.\, also a(li:erti>cd of another thing, the whiilio
1(1 niv iudgement '•eenieth woorihie to bee piil in mcmorie. One C'orn.ilc-;, a iiul;.;e in raii-cs
ol lawe ainonu the S|)anvardis of Dariena, saslh |!kU on a t\nie walking abrc ,ule with liij
booke in hii hande, hoc met by the wav with a fugit\ii.', which hadde ficildc from tliegrc.it
landes lying farre towarde the West, and reina\ ned here with a King with whome lite was
enterlayncd. When this man perceiiied the l.iwvir loo.king on his bookc, manicslii.g thrre.it,
hee came running vnto him, and bv intcrprf t( urs uf the king whom hee serued, s])ako ilu;^
vnto him. Mane yiii also bookes, wher-iii you 'ii.iy re>er;ie thinges in |ici[)eiu,ill mcinc lic ;

Ilookci;
I..)i-kc III tlie

iKjinr,.:^. i,f ihe nn<l letter-', wIktcI'V Vou mavdcJare vour pu i;de to suche as are ah-ent ? .\nd lurcuiiii

Im'is'^c i-f the
hiildi Ltcly
fuunijc.

desired ihaf the booke might bee opened \nto him, suppii-itig that he shoulde therein Ikiiic
Counde the leiters of his ownc comitrey : lUit \shen hee sawe them Mil\ke, he -iiyde (iirl'HT,
that in his countrcy there were cities forlidcd will) wallc.s, and goucrncd by lawes, and tint

the

\l'i

The thirdc Decade.

TKArFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

307

Ihc pc()i)lc nlso vned r.pinircll ; but of what religion they wore, I did not learne. Yet haddc riroumci.id
our incline knowledge both by tlie woordes and signer of this fugitiue, that they were cir- '""''''•
ruinci-ied. What nowe thinke you hereby (mosthnly father) ()r what doc you diuinc may
cmnc hereof, when time siiall subdue all these vndcr your throne ? Let vs nowe cnterminjflc
ccrtaine small thingcs among these great matters. I hauc not thought good t'.) pretermit ^\hntci>n;nctj
that whieh ehaunced to lohannes Solisius, who to senrehc the South side of the supposed '';.;,',"„ V,''''T
continent, departed wiili three shi])j)cs from the port loppa (not farre distant frcm the llandos iiiL-.„v, mu'r
of (iades or C;iies in the Ocean) the fourth day of the Ides of September, in tlie yeere M, j;',''|;""'
1). XV. or what MKcesse b)hanncs Pontius hadde, whom the newe gourrnnur I'etrus Arias i.;"^i; decide
appoynlcd to \:uupiish and destroy the Caribes or C'anibalcs, deumirers of mans flcshe : also '"' ' '''"'
to what enilc the voiages of the other caplaynes came, which were sent foortli diners waics
at the same tyme, as Gon/aliis Ikdaioeius, Tranciseus Bezarra, and Valieius, lohannes So-
lisius looke the matter in hande in an eiiill honre. He sayled beyondc the poynt of Thf voinicui
saint Augustine (whirhc they cal Cabo. S. Angiisliiii) toward the South side of the i','^'"""" ^'"
siijiposed continent Ijtyond the Equinoctial line. For (as we haue said before) that t.'i'-'i- Aujm..
point reacheth Southwarde to the seiienth degree of the South pole, <alled the pole'""'
Aiitartike. He jiroceeded in that voiage sixe hundred leagues, and found the land
from the point to extende so farre towarde the South beyond the lupiinoctiall, that he
came to tlic thirtieth degree of tlie South pole. As he sayled thus forwarde, hailing nowe
on his bac ke halfe the st.irres named Caput Draconis, (that is, the Dragons head) and the i.An Soiiiim i»
regions of Paria lying northwarde from him, <& prospecting toward the pole Artykc, he ',''ilj|'„"'^ ''"''''
chaunced to fall into the hands of the filthy Canibales : For these craftie foxes seeiried to
make signes of peace, when in their mindes they conceiued a hope of a daintie banquet, &
espying their enemies a farre of, began to swalow their s])cltle. as their mouth watered for nu-f.rccnfsof
greedines of their pr.iy. As vnhai>pv Solisius desceniled, with a'l many of his company as the CuhIuIcs
coulde enter into the boaie of the bvggest shy]>pe, sodenly a great multitude of the inhabitantes
briist forth vpoii them, and slue them cuery man with clubbes, euen in the sight of their
fellowes. They caried away the b(^ate, and in a moinent broke it all to fyttcrs, not one es-
caping. Their fiirie not thus salislied tiiey cut the >^h\yne men in peeces, even vppon the
sliore, where their fellowes might behold this horrible spectacle from the sea. Rut thev being
stricken with feare through lliis example, durst not come foorth of their shippes, or deuise
hovve to reuenge the tiealh of their ("aptavne and companions. Thev departed ifierefore from
i!ic>e Mil'ortunate coa-ites, and by the way lading tlieir shvppe witli Hrasell, relumed home Gusyir.
agaMie with lf)sse, and heaiiie i heare. Of fluNe thynges 1 was aduerlised of late, bv their
(iwne letters. What they haue els doone, I shall haue more particular knowledge hereafter,
loliannes Pontius was also repuKedby the C'anibalcs in the llande of Ciuadalupea, being one loinnnfs
of the cliiefe Ilan<les of their habitation. I'or wiien they sawe oiir men a farre of on the sea, ''l'i"""by',hc
thev lav in ambu-he, sodenly to iiiuade them ^vhcn thev shoulde come a lande. Our men tjmiuics.
sent fuorlh a fewe foote men, and with them their Laundresses to washc their shirtes and
sheetcs: I'l^r from tiie llande of I'erria, beeing one of tlie llandes of C'anarie (euen vnfo this
llande, for the space of foure thousand \: two hundred nnlcs) they had secne no lande,
where they might linde anv fVe«h water, forasmiiche as in all this large space the (Jccan is
without llandes. At their coinming therefore to lande, the Canibales assayled them, carved
away the women, and piitte the menne to siiche di-.tre«se, that fewe of them escaped. Bv
re.isnii wliereof, Pontius being grcativ di'^comliied, duist not inuade the Canibales, fearing
tlieir M'liomed arrowes, which these naked maniuinters can direct most certainely. Thus
good Pontius fa\ ling ol his purpose, was favne to giiie ciier tiic Canibales, wlioine (being
sale \ vnder the house roofe) he threatned to \aii<inish iJv' destroy. Whither he went from
thfiue, or what new ihinges jiee i'ounde, I haue as yet no finlher knowledge. Hv these niys-
fortiiiirs, Solisius lovt his Ivie, and Pontius liis honour. Let vs no\Ne s|)eake of another, whose
enlcrjiryse caire to Ivke purpose the same veere. lohamies Aiora, borne in the cilie of Cor- The voyagrof
duha, a man of noble ))arent,ige, sent in steade of the Lientenaunt (as we haue saide) more i. ,'u'n,c!"7.'i.
coiictoiis of gold, then c.ncfull of his charge, or desirous of prayse for well seruing, sought ''*"' >'•

K r "I occasions

li i:.

■f:|

•1, In

;ii

;*;'

■tt^!'

308

Thf lewd Iw-
hjuiiHir if
Ijhn Aiorj.

The variable
citu.

Ceraluro. Ilf-
caJe 111, li. nil.

TJie South sft.

A lcn?liP cnn-
tanuth foiirf
mylrk by sf.i
and hut thrre
b) landr.

The goUcll
rriiion L'uiba
Ditrs,
Sande myxi
V ith goldc,

Hoive thrir
iljut! are
matked in
(he face.

OMt.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The thirde Decade

occasions of qiiarrcUinn; asnynst the kingcs, ami spoylcd many, violently extortyng gold of
them against rijjht & equitic: and further, handled ihtin so exlrrmely, that of fric-ndes ihpy
became most rruell enemies, insonniche that they ceased not with dcsi)erate myndes, Iiy ;,j|
mcane.9 ihey could, to slay our men openly or priuily. By reaso whereof it is come to [khso,
that where beefore they bartered quietly, exchanji^in^ ware for ware, they are nowe favni' to
doe all thyn^cs bv force of armcs. When hee had thus exacted a great quantitie of <;(il(|p (,p
them (as it is saydc) hee (led priuily and tooke away a shippc with him by stealth, as iliy
common rumour goeth, nor yet hitherto haue we hf^ard whither he went, or where hee arriucd
Some suspect that Petrus ,Arias the j,^ouernour shoiilde consent to his departure, because iliis
lohannes Aiora, is brother to (ionsalus Aiora, the kinoes hvsioriojjraplur, a man both Icanicil,
and expert in the discipline of warre, and so much the gouernours friend, that tluso iwu
anions; a fewe, may bo counted examples of rare amitie. I my scll'e also am j;reatly iioumlo
\nlo (hem both, and haue long eniove<l their friciulsliip vet shall 1 desire (iiem both to pm-.
don me in declaring mv phantasie heerein, that in all turmoyles and tragicall alVayres ol ihj.
Ocean, nothinLj hath so muchc displeased me, as the couctousnesse of this man, who hatli sd
disturbed the pacified minds of the Kinges. Nowe among these troublous chaunces, let vs
rehearse the variable fortune of (Jonsalus Hadaiocius, and his felowes, whose prosperous hc-
ginninges, ended with vnlbrtunaie successc. (ionsalus iherefore in the moneth of Mnv,
in the yeere of Christ l;)l.'). departed from Daviena with fourcscore armed men dircii-
ing his voyage towarde the South, anil resting in no pl.u c \ntill he came to flu; re-iun
of Cerabaro, which our men named Gratia Dei, distant (roin Dariena about a hun.
dred and fourscore invles: for thev call it threescore leagues. He spent ccrtaine (l.iios
heere in idlenesse : for he coulde neither bv lav re mcanes, nor by foulc, allure the
king of tlie region to come to him. While he lav thus idlely, there came to him
other fyftie men, sent from Dariena \nder the gouernance of laptav iie l,ialouic;.s .Mir-
cado, who departed from Dariena in the Calendcs of Mav, to the intent to sc.irchc tlie iniur
j)artes of those regions. \\ hen tlicv mette togealher, ihey iletermined, alu r cousultaiion
to paise oner the nii unlavnes King toward flie South, euen vnto the South sea latclv
fiiunde. Ueholile nowe a wondcrfiill thing, that in a laiule of suche maruciloiis longitude iii
other j)laces, they fnumle it licere to bee oneh .ibout I'yftic mylcs, distaunt to the Siiilh sea:
for they count it x\ii. leagues, as the manner of the Spainardcs is to reckon, and not 1)\
ni\ les : ^ ct say thev that a le.igue cunsisicth of three nuics b\ lande, and foure bv sei, a,
\%ce haue noted befiTc. In the lojjpis of the monntavnes and lurniiig of the waters, ihcv
liiunde a king named luana, whuse kingdom^ is al-o named C'oiba, as is the region of kiii"
(areta, of whom we haue made mention elswhere. Hut for as nuich as the region of ihi,
luana, is rycher in goldo : they named it ("uiba Diies, that i>, Coiba tiie rich : lor wherexi-
euer they dyi;i',ed the gr( inide, whether it >verc on llu- drie lande, or in the wvt t lianelics , f
the ryucrs, ihey tounde the sande. whiche tlie\ cast fnorth, m\xt with golde. hiana (icddc ,it
the comming of our men, and could n(;uer bebrouyiit aga\ ne. They »poyled aM the couniii\
neare aboui his palace : yet hml tlie;. I)ut iitle golde, for he had caryed all his stulie with hini.
Mere they (oiinde certayne slaues, marked in the f.ices after a str.mnge sortc : Tor with a
sharjje pricke m.ide eyiher of bone, or els with a thorne, they make ii^il-s in their faces, ami
toorlhwilh sprinkling a powder thereon, thev ln(■i^te tlie pount e I pl.iie wi;h a ccrtaine hi.nk.-
or ready iuyce wiiioe -niisiainicc i- of sui h lenat ili<- and clainmines>e, that it will iieiicr
weare away : They bn u^ht lliese slaurs aw.iy with them. 'I'hev sav tiiat this iuvce is of siuho
sharpenc>sc, and piiiretii ihem lii siu he payne, thai for exficme dohnuT ih-'v haue no s|i,-
mai ke to their nie.ili' ccrtaine daye:; alter. '!he kinges whicii take these slaues lii their wane,
v>e their heipe in -eeking for golde, and in l\!lage of the gnimde, euen as doe our men.
rmm the pallace < f luana, following the course of llie w.itcr alioul leniie mvlcs to\\anic the
.South, thev eiilnil into the dominion ol a.mther kini:, whom our nu one n.inied i!ie olde
man, be<aiise hee was olde, not pas-ing i' itis other name. In the regit, i, . ! this king also,
they ftnindc goidi> in all places, both on the lande, and in the rvier*. This region is verv
fayro, and fniitfull, and hatii in it m..ny famtuis riuers. Dcparlyng from hence, in f\ ik-

da \cs

had ge.i

ohiainct

iillierwi:

>laiie-

cf .M(

r.M'>(>n

ilrnnni

ihini;

in suf

fil'lie.

I he

csi'a|)i

coiisia

jiencii

(il'lcnti

111 (dill

tabic,

I.iqiii

sl('C|>l'

tlidii'i'
Weill i

!!?] : ^^

The third.' Decade

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

309

flnycs iourney tlicy came to a landc leftc desolate: They suppose that this was destroyed by a fruieefun re.
ciiiile dixconie, forasimichc as it is for the most parte fruitcriill, and yet not inhabited. The gi"" ift ;i"o.
fyllh dav, they sawe two men commiiijr a Tarre oft": these were laden with breade of Maiz- li'i"o^,^,'.'"'''
iiim, wliiche tlicy caryed on their shoulders in sackcs. Our men tooke them, and vndcr-
Rtoode by them that there were two kinjjcs in that trade, the one was named Periqiiete, who
dwelt necre vnto the sea, tin- others name was Totonojja. This Totonosra was blinde, and
dwelt in the continent. The two men whiche they melfe, were the fishers of Totonoga,
whom hee hnddc sent with cirtayuc fardclles of lyshe to Feriquete, and had againe recciued
bicaii of him for exchaungc : For thus doe they communicate their commodities one with
iiiu'thcr bv cxch.uu\L'e, wiiliout the vsc of wicked money. By the conducting of these two
nicnne, they came to king Tcfoiio;;;), dwelling on the West side of saint Michaels gulfe, in the
Soiilhsea. I'hey liakleor thi« king the summeof sixc thousande Castellans of golde, both rude, sixt iiious,i.ui
ami artilicially wrought. Among tliose grumes of rude or natyuc golde, there was one of^'JiJI;'''*
fiunuic of the weight of two ("astellans, whiche argued the pientifull rychnessc of the
groiinde. Following liie same coast by the sea syde towardc the West, they came to a king,
who^e n;imo was 'fariicuru, of whom they had golde, amounting to the weight of eyght KingTar;i-
ihousande Pesos. Wee liaue snyde before that Pesos is the weight of a Castelane, not coyned. "'"'
From lienc"' ihty went to the dominion of this kingcs brother, named Pananome, who fleddc
at their conimiiig, and ajjpeared no more afterwarde. They say that his kingdome is rychc in
golde, 'fhev spoyled his pallaec in his absence. Sixe leagues from hence, they came to
another king, named Tabor. From hence they came to the king of Cheru. He friendly en-
terlaiiu'd our men, and gaue them foure thousand Pesos of golde. He hath in his dominion Fmirf ihou.
nianv go(clly salt bayes : the region also aboundeth with golde. About twelue myles from g"i,u.. ""'"
hence, thev raine to ;iiiolher king called Anala, of who thev had xv. thonsandc Pesos of ''■'''<■•
golde, whiihe he had gotten of the kings his Ijorderers, whom he had vanquished by warre.
,\ great jiarl of tliis gold was in rude foiirnie, because it was molten when hee set the kinges
houses on fire wiiome he spoyled. For tiiev robbe and slay the one the other, sacking <Si' Tjicir m.jicr
liriii" their \illages, and wasting their counireies. They keejjc watTe barbarously, and to " ""'"'
\iler (Ic'trurtion, executing estre.imc crueltie agiinst them that haue the ouerthrowe. Cion-
v.ilns Had;iioeiiis, wiiji his felowes, wandred at libertie, \Mlili they came to this king, and had
I'caihered great heapes of golde of other kinges. l''or what in bracettes, collcrs, eareringes,
l)ie«t plates, helmettes, and ceitaiiie barrcs wherewith women bearc vp their brestes, they
h;iil i;eathered togeather in gold the smnme of fourscore thousand ('.istellans, which they had
(ihiained |)artly by exchang for our thinges \sherc thev fonnde the kinges their friendes, &■
otherwise bv I'criible nieanes where they found the eoiitrarv. Thev had gotten also fourtie
>laiies, whose helpe they vscd l)oili I' . r eari.ige of their \i(lualies and baggages, in the steede
( f .Moiles or other bcastes of burden, h also to relieue such as were sicke and forwearied bv
r.Mson of tiicir long ioiirneies ami hunger. .M'ter these prosperous voiages, thev came bv the
(1( minion of king Scoria, to the pal.ice of a king n.nneil P.iri/a, where (fearing no suche
tiling;) I'ari/a enclosed them with a great armie, and assailed them straggeling and vnwares, fi.mi.iius Hj.
in sueh sort that they h.iil no leasure to put on their armour. He slue and woinuled abotit ^'j'|.''J"'.*||,^^^^^^^^^^
(iftie, and put tlu' residue to (light. Tlu'v made smh hast, that thev had no respect either to ami js ,i...ii<a
liie U(Jde thev had gathered, or to their -lanes, but left all behinde them. Those fewe that ^IJ^'^J '"''"
esiaped, came to Dariena. fhe o|)inion of all wise men, as concerning the variable iV in-
constant chaunccs of fortune in humane things were false, if all thinges sJuuiKle haue hap-
jicncd vnto them prosperously. For sin h is the nature of this blimle goddesse, that she
(iftentinies (lelii;liteth in the ouerthrosve of then> whom she hath exilted, and t.iketh pleasure Thf iiKoimju-
Ml lonlounding high thinges with lowe, and the contrary. Wee see this order to be i nt perm u- ^"^ ""''"'■'"'
tabic, that who so wil apply him sellc to Lieatiier motes, shal sonUimes meet \silh sweete
I.iqiiercsse, and other whiles with sowre ("oekle. Yet woe vnto Pari/a ; for he shall not long
sleepe in rest. The gouernour him sell'e was of late determined with three hundred \ fil'iie
cliniresouldiers toreuenge the deathof ourmcn ; but where as he by ehaunce fell sicke, his power
went lorwarde vnder the conducting of his Lieuetenaunt Claspar Spinosa, a bulge in c.isesol'l.iwe

ill

■< t >

;> 1

i ( I »ii' 1- i i

h 1

■Jhii'u/t

4 fl S

liil

* ir.

%■

it"

Tri

f <.

hii

« '

' i

'' J I

*' 'm

I if

'»;;>

iif'.

i»1:W

|«!ii>

I! I. (

::V

310

Til? fxpcdit'nirt
<»l l-'i.uincrs

the Cinilulks

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tlie think Diradf

Daricna. At tlic same time othrrwrrr srnt foorlli to the Hand of Ditfs, to exact the

tioii of pcarlcs limitlal (o the Kinn lor liis tribute. What sliall mkicccIo, lime will 1

|>nr-

"■111" to

iir knowlcilgc. ThoolIiiT two allfuiptcd thinh:il)itaiiiitis biyoiidi- ilu- i;ulfi'. rr.mciscus |Je.
oner ihr coiiiit of the i^iiHf, and the nx iillios of tlic riiur o( Dabaiha, uiih tv

znin,

la-ismji

othiTcaplaiiic

an.l a Iiimdivd and liflio souiiiicrs well a|)p(iyritcd, wont lo make varic

\ pon

C'tunnc;.

t!ie Cal)nialis, ciii ii in Caribana thi-ir ownc cliii-lcsl doniiiiinn, t>'wai\lcs tiie \ ilh>;j,c crTiiriilv
whi-rcof \vce haiie made mention bci-fore in tlie loinminy; of lopeda. Thcv bmunhf .lU
Avi

the

ih llicm diners eMi;iiH ol' w.mT, as tlirei; peeies of ordinamire, whose shot wero by

iourti

■ii

ini

1 \\v. hnubnilcrs, to (he rntcnt lo r(

nil tin,

til ol Ins Cll>-
unci.

The ll.in.l- '■(
the huiith M-j.

tit ihi »ra lu-
ll',- i:,,uUmI'
■M.Wun,
Iinnl fnlitt'u'.l
if JJ-ICcS.

("ckIiidus J iJ
C'amriiviriis,
fumi whrru-c
the Poiiiium'>
Inue thtir i;-y-
cci.

Itf mcannh
l.vllr urci.-l'I
i-l' MjctlUlLis.

Itow tlicy iikf

1 lallcs .111.1
wililr Butr .

Cinibaies a Carre oil; i^ id prciunt lluir vmomcil airowc-. : lint what licc.me ol' him vV hi
r(iin|ianie, or wIumc ihey arriiied, wi-e hanc ^ el no |F(rl'e<t kimwlcd^ic. ('crtaine wliicli (muk.
oC late from Daricna to Spaiiie rt-porU'd, that at their deparlure Ihev of Oariena stooih" j;,
groat fearc least tlu'v also were tossed with some niisrorliiiif. The olher caplaiiu- X'aljiin.,
■ oblaMied the lure part d' llic jiiiU'c, bin Ikc |ia^«ed oner by an olher way l!un did liiv.crn,
for he looke the bi'ninniiiy; of Caribana, \ l)c-/«ria ihe vm\ : \alhiiis rcliirned a^aine. Hnt
ol' the lhree>(dre and I'MI iiieii which he c niuit;'(\l oncrwilh him, lice Iclt r.niilic and ci;;!,!
••I. line amon;^; liic (.'aiiibalcs. These are the ncwcs wlii( ii llu\ brinj; that ( amc la-i from Da-
riena. This came to mee the dav bei'fore the hU'sol' OeloltT in ihis ycere l.'i|(i. !{. dericiis('(,|.
men.ircs (oCwhom we haiie made meiiiion before) I'v: one I'raiuiscns Del.ipiienle. fhi^ l"ran(>.
ciis was one of the vrder caplaincsof this band, whose chcife capl.iine wasCJonsalus Mailiide
who liardlv escaped liie liaiides of Kiiii; I'arizi. fh

c«e two caplames

Ihcrf.

n\\

liod

cncib iV

lVanci-.t lis, who dcpaited from Diricna immcdiatelv allcr ihe ini>.lorliine which bel'cl In |;,|.
dai.ii ills i*t his c<u)i|ianie doe bclh allirme, the one, I'lat he halh heard, I'v the dllier ilial he

; wt'Uvaid from the liiiini
trees enj;endre(l and iiim.

luilh scene, th.il in the South se.i there are diners liandcs l\

)f Ditc

d Saint Micliacls

s iiiilie, in manv c

f Ih

e wliicli are

rishcd, wliiih bri
fiii-. l:inde of ('<

foorth the s.ime arnmatii all friiitC'

doth the re<'ion of Collaciiti

iitea, with the rci'it

lis

if Cochinus and Came

morns

are the ihii!

marie places fn'm whence tiie I'oitiiuale-. hanc their -piies: And h<'reb\ doe ihev conieiti
that llie land whi're ihi- friiilfiiinesse (if spice bejjiimelh, should not be farre frti ll

leiui-

;i!ie

insoimith, lliat main of tiiein wliii h haue onerriinne those coa^ies, <!o only desire that It"
ma\ be •;r.iiinled thein lo search further, and that they will of lluir i wne charf;es IV.nne .niiil
fnnii-'h sli\ppes, and adueniiire ihe xoya^jc to seeke those Ilandesand ref,'ions Thex ihinkc

ll be-

that ll

[)p

d I

ie-<' shiiines slioiiKl he made and i)reparec

I)rep

ut .Michaels ;:iilf,
<!(b

not to allcinpl lliis \ii\ ajje bv s.iinct .Xnuuslines poiiii, which w iv wi re both loiii; am
and fiillol a thoii'-aiid d.iiinm'is. and is saiile to real h biv(nde, liie f nrlieth (leijree ol ilie licili-
Aniarlike. The same I'rani i^i n~, l)einj; parlener ol the Iraiiasles and d.ninuers of (i(uisaiiis,
sailh, that in oiierriinninfr those landes, he founde •;reat hcardes of Ilartes and wvlde H(irc«.
and that he tookc manv of them by an art \vhich ihinhabilanles l.iii'^ht him : wliii h was, i,)

make |):tles or trenches m their walkcs, anil to coiier the same wiili boll^lu•s

/!v ll

also thcv dcce>iie all dilier kiiules of wilde \: foiirc fooii

bea^les. Mm ihev take I

lis mean

null

Si.itke dours. aftci' llic saiie mailer lh.it we do : As s|(i( l^c dnuo-;, w ;ni olhcr l.iine stork done brciii'!it \

fh<

leir houses. 1 luv-e thcv lye by a siriii'^ and sillier them to llie a lillle amont; the ii

ppi

ei's : (-1

Tli'lr liitnrr
1)1 IouIiuh.

the which as ( tlier birdes of that kiiide resort, they kill ihein with their arrowes. Oilu
iluy lake them wiih ncllcs, in a b ire place |)iir^rd from l)r\ers tV,: biishcs, \.- scallerinu i

middest wherof thcv lie a lame foiile or bird

ropin/iyr^
3K easily taken

lavne secdcs roiiiul about the phu c, in the

the kinde of them xvhiih liie\ de^^ire lo take; In like inaiier doe ihev t:dNe I'opinnav is i\;

otii. r fi

IJut ihev sa\ tliat I'opin^avc

s are so smi

pie, th;it a t;rcat miiitiln.le of tin in \\\

A itrauii;:?
kiiiil; ol luulit)^.

(lie eiien ir.to the tree in who^e boiinlies the fouler sitleth, and sw.irmc about the tame
lerin;; I'opinnay, siillerynf; ihcmselues to bee easily taken : For they are .o wiihont (care nl
the "i:;!!! of the fouler, that thev tarv wliile he cast the snare about ihcir iiei kos, the oilirr

(irawe tiiem to him with the sn.ire, ami

is aiinlhir

beyiu; iiolhin;; feared hereby, thoii'^h ihev sc^ Iiim
put them in the b,i \vv wliii h hec h.iih about him lor the s.ime j)urpose.
kiiule of roniiiijr, hcrclufi re iiener heard ol, and phasant to coiisidir. Wee haue declariil

bcfurc

Ihere

-•" JT »■--

The thirdc Decade.

TRAFFfQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

311

brforc howc that in ccrlayno of the IlaiulcM, and especially in llispaniola, there are diucrs
lakes or stamlinf; pooirs : In some of lhe-<c ( bcinji; no cloi per then men may wade oner them )
nrc scene a;rcat imiltiliuirs u[' water fdule-i; as well for t at in the bottome of tl)cse lakes
there growe many hcarhcs and wccclcs, as also that by rea-ion of the heate of the Siinnc, pear-i-
iiij; to the natural! place of j^cneration and conception, where being donblein fone by redec-
tioii, i^ preseriied by moy«itnrc there, are enfjcndred of \\w sliminesse of the earth and
water, and by the proiiidi-nce of the vniuersall creator, inninncrabic little fishes, with a ihoii- •'■'"'""'
>and -iundry kindcs of l'ro'4f;es, worines, j^naltes, lives, and such other. The funics which dr"i,!r shmJ!'
\.se these lakc-i, are of diners kyndcs : as Diickcs, (ieese, Swanncs, sea Nfewcs, (iiillcs, and '''"'"■
sue !) other. Wee haiic s.iydc also, that in their Orchariles they norvshc a tree which beareth
a kinde ol j;reat (imirdcs. Of these (ionrdes tlureforc, well stopped lca>it any water should '■""■''" °f
enter in at their rife-;, and cause them to sinke, lhe\ <as| inaiiy in the shalowc jjomIcs, where,
1)V their continiiall wMnilcrins; and waneryni; with the motion-i of the wvndc and water, they
pill thi" Ionics (lilt of Mispectiiin \: fcare : the fouler in the mcane time, di-'i;nisiiig hiinselfc
a-i it were with a \i-our, putteth a great gourde on his head, much like to a helmet, with two
hiiles necrc about his eyes, his face and whoh- head beside Ijcing couercd therewith : and
thus entereth hee into the poole cucn vnto the chynnc. For being from their infincie exer-
cised in swimmyig, and accustomed to the waters, they refuse not to continue therein along
space : the f \\U thinking this (lourde to bee one of the other that sw\mme vpon the water, the
Iniilcrgoeth sofiK to the |)laie where hee seeth flic greatest (locke nifoulcH, and with waggviig
his head, ecuntcrfeiling llie luouing of the waucring (ioiirdes drawcth ncere to the foule-i,
where sofilv putiiiig forth his right hande, hee s(,(lainly snafclicth one bv the leiiges, and
]>!uii«eth her into the water, where hee |)uttelh her into a bag!;e which hee hath witli him of
purpose: The other Ionics siipposinir that this d\ucd into the water of her owne motion
to seeke for foodc (as is their mancr) are nothing moued lucrcbv, but go fcrward on their
wa\ bclore, \nlill they also Tall into the same snaic. 1 Italic heerc for tiiis cause entred into
the ilcelaralion (T thevr manner of hunlvng and fmilin •, that bv these more |)lcasaunt nar-
rations, I niav sdiucwiiat mittigate and as>wage the horriur eoncevucd in vour stoniake by
the loriner rchcarsall of their bloody actes and crucll in.irnicr. I.ci vs nowc therefore speakc
somewhat againe of the newe and later opinions, as concerning the sw\ ft course of the sea to-
NNardcs the West about the coastes of Paria, also of the mauner of valherinii- of gf)l(li' in the i ii-ro|ini„iii
.;olde invne of Dariena, as I was adueriiscd of late ; and wi|!i liiese two (piict and peaceable ivj,'',!. i,f'',i,",.
ihin','cs,wcwill ni.ikean endeol the tragicail ailrnrcs of the Ocean, and therewith hvd vour holy- u^>:in io»ani
ncssc larewill. So it is thercj' re, that Andreas Miralis liie pilot and Oiiicdu^ ( i.l" whonic wee ' "
hauc made mention before) repa\red to nice, at my Ik'Iisc in the fowi-e ofMatrite. As wee met
thus together, there arose a eoiiti iition beetwene ihcin two, as con(crning this course of the
Ocean, fhi-y both agree, that these landcs arul regions pcrtcNning to the dominion of Cas-
tile, d.e with one cotiniiall Ir.icf i^- perpetual bo cl, embrace as on whole firine land or (dn- '''"" '^""'''"•"<
liiient, ;ili llie mavne l.uid King on the Nortii side id' Cuba, <.V' the other llands, being also"
Norliiwe-it both I'rt) Cuba \- llispaniila: \'et as toiiehing the course of the water, ihe\ \arv
in opinion. For .\ndrcas will ttiat this siolent course of wa( ■:• be rcceiued in the lappe cd'
the supposeil continent, whieli bendeth so much, and extendeth so larre townrde the North,
•IS wee h.nie sayde : and that bv the ( biect or resistance of the landc, so hciuliiig and ernok-
iiig, the water shoulde as it were nhnundo in coinpa-sc, and bv force thereof bee driucn
abiiii the North side id' Cuba, and the other Hands, c\e!u(led wiihoiil the circle called Tro-
picus C.iiii ri, where the largcncs of tlie sea may receiue the \\.it.Ts falling Ir^) the narcnv
strcames, \ iherbv rcpre>se that inordinate ctnusc, In reason that the sea is there very large
and great. I can compare his nie.inj ng to nothing ni' re aptely, then to the swift streame
conimvng foorth of a m\ II. and falling into themvll po(de ; For in all such places where waters
runiie with a violent fall through narowe ch mells, anil are tiien reeevned i,i large pooles, thev
arc sddein'y dispanled, and their \ioleiue broken: So th:it where as bel-re die\ scenud of
>iirhe force as to ouerthrowe all thinges bi ein'^ in their w;\v, it cannot there be perceiiicd

they riuin, fhe Adinirall hinisclle Diegus Colonus, sunnt' and !ie\re to Clui-to- '/•j,'">^^'-''

pluU'US Ujlt'ilus.

wmcli wav

h5'

■«i

I ••

':!

• <•

in ,;!

\\i% l,|U

■I.

ri .-.^iji;.

r •i'

' ' ' ' I

ifr-l

I '!

I'i

313

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The thtrdc Decade.

Thf voyage
from the nfw
Uiid to Sp^iiic.

The contf-iry
courir of waters.

Tlic point of
tilt polr itarrc.

The foldf
myites of 0.i-
rii:ni,aru] tiie
in. inner ofee.»-
ihi-ring golde.

Our intlosers
wold Ifauc Do

such commons.

Auri sicra
tames.

The dropsie of
couetousnessr.

phorus Coloniis, the first finder of these Inndes (who had nowe in comminu; and going, foure
times passed through thene seas) being di-maunded of mc what he founde or perceiucd in
sayling too and fro : answered that there was nuiche diflicultie in reluming the .same way hy
the which they goe. But whereas they fyrst take tlic wny by the mayne sea towarde the North,
before they dirccte their course to Spayne, hcc sayth that in that tract hee felt the shyppe
sometymes a little dryuen backe by the contrary course of the water: Yet supposed that this
chauncelh oncly by the ordinary (lowing and rellowing of the sea, and the same not to he
enforced l)y the circumflcction or course of the water, rebounding in coinpassc as w<>e hauc
sayde. But thinketh rather, that this mayne land or supposed Continent, should somewhere
bee open, and that the sayde open ])lace, should bee as it were a gate entri'', or streyghf, di-
Hiding the North partes of that lande from the South, by the which also ilu; Ocean rnnnyn"
lowardc the West, ni;iy by the rotation or impulsion of the hcauens, bee dryuen about the
whole earth. Ouicdus agreclh with Andreas Moralls as touching the conlinuall adhcrcnie
and closene.xsc of the .savde continent; Yet neither that the waters should .so beatc again«t
the bending backe of the West lande, or bee in such sort repulsed and dryuen into tJie
mayne sea: Hut sayth, that he hath diligently considered, that the waters runne from the
deepest & niyddest of the inaine sea towarde the West : Also, that sayling neere vnto the
shore with small vessels hec founde the same waters to rcturne againe lowardc the Kasi, so
that in the same place they runne togeather with contrary course, as we olieniimcs see ihe
like to chaunce in ryuers, where, by the obiect of the bankes diners whirle pooles and ttirn-
inges arise in the water. By reason whereof, if any challe, strawe, wood, or any other ihino
of light substance be ( ast in any such places in ryuers, it followeih, that all such as runne witli
ihe water in themiddext ofthechanell, proceede well forwarde, but «.uch as fall into the ben;l.
ing gulfes and indented margences of the crookr<l bander, are carved ouerthwart the eh^mo!!,
and so wander about vnlill tiiev nu'cle with the full and dirccte course of the ryuer. Ti.is
hauc wee made vou parlcncr of suche ihinges as they haue giucn vs, and wrillen their dyM"i>
opinions: Wee will then giut more cerlayne reason, when more certayne Iruelh shall Ix'
knownc. Me must in ihc meane lime Icane to opinions, vntill the «lay come appoi;)it'i|
of (lod to reueale this secrete of nature, with the perfect knowled;;e of the poinle ol the pole
si:irre. Ilnuing snyile thus niuche of the course of the Ocean, a briefe declaraiion of ih,'
gold mynes of Darienn, shall close vp our Decades, and make an endc of our Iraiiailes. \\\x
hauc s.iidc, that niene mvles distant from Dariena, are the sides of tlu" hilles and the drvc
jiiaines 'mi the which goliie is gealliercd, both on the dry lande, and also on the bankes, and
in the chanells of ryuers. Therefore to all siu'he as arc willing to gealher golde, there is nl'
ordiiKirie custome a]>pointed to euery man bv the suruevers of the mvnf a scpiare ploiie df
gronnde, conteining tweiue ])ascs, at the aibitrement of the chooser, so il.iil it be not ground
already occu|)yed, or left of other. The portion of groiuide being lliiis chosiu (as it wtrc
as.sij^ned of the stugures to buylde a temple) they inclose their sialics within the same, whose
hclj)e ihe Christians v-e in tylling of their grounde, and gealhcring of golde, as we hauc
sayd. The-e jilaccs appoynled vnto them they kee|)e as long as tliem list : and if they p?r-
ceyue tokens of litile golde, ihey require an other plot of grounde of tweiue pases lo lie
assigned them, leaning the first in cnmmon : And this is tliordir which the Spaniardes iniia-
biting Dariena obserue in geathering of golde. I suppose also, that ihev \se the like onler iii
other places: l!owi)eit, I hauc not yet encjuired so farre. Ii haih been |)rooued, that these
tweiue pases of grounde, hauc yielded to iheir choosers the sumnu' of fourescore Castellancs nf
golde. And thus leade ihev their Ivncs in fullilling the holy hunger of golde. 15iit the more
ihcy (ill iheir haiubs with linding, ihe niore increasclh iheir couetoiis desire. The mure
woodilc is laule to the (ire, the mnre furiously rageth the flame. \'nsati;il)le couetousne-.se is
no more diinini-hed wiili increase of rsihesse, then is the dritiessc of the (Iroi^ie salislicd
with drwike. I let jiasse many ihiiigcs whtTcof I inlende to wr\lemore hiri;elv in time con-
iienient, if I shall in the mcaiie season vnderstande these to be acceptable \iilo vour holy-
ncsse : my (luetic ami obseruaiicc lo whose auliioritie, hath caused niec the gladlier lo take

this

The fourth Decade. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. $\9

this labour in handc. The proiiidcnce of the ctcrnall creatour of all thingcs, ipaunt our
holynesse many prosperous yceres,

The 4. Decade of Peter Martyr a MillanoUc of Angleria writen to Pope Leo
the lU now firnt set forth, and examined.

MOst blewed Father, ilgidius Viferbiensis that bright example of the Heremites of Aiigus-
tiiiefl profeHsion, and of the sacred order of Cardinals hauing executed his Legation a Latere
who he departed out of Spaine, left mee this charge in your Ilolinesae name, and his owne,
that after my 3. Decades long since sent vnto your Holynes, I shouldc set downe also in
^vriting, what the pregnant Ocean brought forth, beginning from the yeare 1493. and con-
ciiidinge with the yeare I5I(>. of all which I deferred to write, because many idle things were
reported, and very litle worth the memorie. In our royall Senate of Indian alfnires. Epistles
rill! of circum!*fanrc<* sent from eucry vaine fellowe, were daily read, out of the which wee
j;athered little substance. One boasted that hee had found a finger of the handc discouercd,
another, a ioynt of the finger, and they who were the first Authors of discouering that world
vaunted much more proudly and with full mouth, that they had discouercd great matters,
and writt newe and strange things. Imitating the Ante, which thiiiketh shce is waighlily
loden, when shce carrieth a grainc of come to her Anthill, stolnc out of the floore from a
greate heapc, sowed by anothers labour. I call a finger of the hand found out graines of
corne whalsoeuer llandes, the Ocean maintaineth, lyingc necre to Hispaniola and Cuba, and
so to the Continent. For they are compassed about, both before, and behinde, and also on
both sides with innumerable llandes, as hennes inuironed with chickens, yet etiery one is to
haue the reward of his labour. Let vs therefore omittingc circumstances present to the
handes of your Holines, to delight your longingc eares, whatsocuer is reported of the Hands
lucalan, and Co/.umella, and the huge country of Ilacolucana, as yet not well knowne
whether it bee an Hand, or annexed to the Continent, seeming woorthy of my remembrance.
After this I will brclHy declare in the ensuingc story what succeeded in the supposed Conti*
nout: And Hispaniola shall finish the whole worke.

The first Chapter.

BY my former Decade, published by meanes of the Printers, your Holines may gather
that certainc fugitiues arrining vp])on tiie borders of Dariena, wondering at our bookcs, said,
they sometimes dwelt in such countries, whose inhabitants vsed such instnimcnts, and lined
poiitickly vnder lawrs, & Pailaces & had stately Temples built of stone, & also streets, and
paucd waycs orderly composed, where they traded and vsed to resort. Those lands our men
liaiie now found out. Who liiercfore were tiie Authors, and how matters proceeded, let your
Holynes lend your attentiue care, seeing all these are published, to be subiected to your
Thrime. Of the Hand Cuba (which Diccus Velasquez Lieutenant gouernor by the name of
Colonus the Admirall, called Fernandine, iieere Hispaniola on the West, yet so toward the
North, that the Tropick of Cancer diuideth Cuba in the middest, but Hispaniola is distant
certainc degrees from thee Tropick to the ^Equator) we haue spoke somewhat before. In
this Hand of Cuba there are now 6. tnwns erected. The cheife whereof taketh his name from
Saint lames the Patrone of the Spaniardes. Hecre, there is natiue gold both in the mountaine,
and riucrs : so that they are dayly occupied in gathering and digginge thereof. The same
yeare that 1 finished my bookes, three Spaniards of the most auncicnt citizens of Cuba, Fran- rnnciirut Ftt.
cisciis Fcrnandes of Corduba, Lupus {)choa Caizcdus, and Christophorus Morantcs, deter- [?"''" ^"P"'
mined to secke out new countries : but, for the kinge, Bcrnanlinus Ignigne7 Caltiatensis of chtmoih. Mo.
the (ifTire of Accompts, and Captaine of one of the shippes. The Spaniards mind is euer rest- "'"",' "'""
lessc, and alwaycs buysying it selfe about great attempts. These men (at their owne proper riic S|jmjrij
costs and charge) furnished three shippes, such as they call Carauelles, and from the West"""'
ai)«,'lc of Cuba called Saint Antonic, they take sea with their Pilott Anthonius Alaminus ami s. Amony.
IIU. soldiers: for this angle is most commodious, and fit for relieuinge of shippes, and for ^"'•'""i"«
prouision of wood and water. Bctwecnc the West and South, which winde the Spaniards " ""*

VOL. V. S s call

.'■I

, »»

iJ t

11 ' i

1 v:\

..' 'iijiii

: .A

.'!»

I (

,'i ;:■''■

( V

'• i ■ . ;(

r .':f

:iH

lucitan ind
why 10 cjlltii.

Cayrui > |rci|
City.

of Ihr luiJ-

Thf lucatani
tu))cntiti'>iii
UilatriS AliJ
i(>mf ijl ttirm
ciiciinuited.
Croilrl >lld a
fabiiloiii Tri*
ditloii thfrfuf
• mon^a ihrm
h..ul.<ii ob-
uiuibU.

of CiiiipckluLim

ficigU (ptcta-
tie.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The fourth Dccadt.

call South, West, they ice landc for lix dayen Hpacc. In which time (they nay) they rann
oncly fiO. leaKuei, for they anchored where-jocuer •unnfiert came vpon them, leant waiidrinKc
through an vnknown nea, they might itrike vpon the rocken or lightingc amonge the m\i\y
shclfn, might so be drowned and «unke. At length they fell vpon a very greatc landc, when;
Ihcy goe a shoarc and are curteouwly intcrtaincd and rerciued by the Inhabitants. Our men
(by HigncH, and beckning to them) demaunde of them what they call the name of the wholi;
Prouince ? They answered luratan, which gignifieth in their language, I vndenttand you i,nt^
Our men thought lucatan had bin the name of the Prouince. So from lhi» vnpremcdjiatit!
eucnt ihi* name of lucatnn remained, and Hhall continue for eucr : yet the bcginninjj; there-
of thinhabitantH call Encimpi. Our men goe vnto the citty ncated on the shore, which lor
the hugcncssc thereof they call Cayru<i, of Cayrui the Metropolii* of Tl'igipt : where they fmd
turrciod house-*, Htatcly tCplcH, wel paucd wayci & streets where marln and faires for trade di
marchandiyc were kept. The houseware either of stone or brickc, and lime maruclons .irtili,
cially built. To the square courts or first habitations of their houses they as( end by lO, dr Vi
steps or st.tircs. Yet thev are not tiled but couercd with rccdcs, or great stalkes of lierhci
They gratilic each other with muluall presents. The Barbarians gauc our men brooches, \
lewcies of gold very faire, & cunningly wrought, and our men requited them with vcstiirn
of silke Si well, & gaue them also countcrfet stones of glasse and little laton or copiuT
bclles acceptable presontcs to them beecause of the sirangenesse thereof. But they made slight
account of (lur rounterfciis, because lhem«c!fes (out of certainc stones in their Mines) inijiht
get those that were much brighter. This nation is not apparrelcd with wooll, because thcv
banc no sheepe, but with Cotton after a thousanil fashions, and diuersly coloured. The womoii
are clad from the wast to the ancle, and couer their he.ide and brests uilh diners vayles, ,inj
arc very carcfull that their leggs, and fcetc bee not scene. They fre(|uent their Temples
often, to the which the better sort pane the waycs with stone from their houses. They arc
great Idolaters : and are Circumcised, but not all. They line vndcr lawes, and fraflickc i(ii;r.
ther with grcale tidclitie, by exchaunginge commodities without money. They sawc Crosse*:
and beeing demaundcd by Interpreters whence they haddo them, some say, that a certainc
man of excellent beauty passingc by that coast, left them that notable token to rcnicnihir
him Others report a certainc manne brighter then the Sunncdyed in the workinge thertnl.
But conccrningc the truth, there is no ccrtaincty knowne.

The sc' onde Chapter.

IIAuing stayed there some fcwe daye.s they now beegan to secme troublesome to the inha-
bitants : for the long stay of a guest is not well picasinge vnto any. Taking therefore pro-
ui<ion of \ictua1s, they bed their course directly to the West: and passing the prouincn
Coma, and Maia (so called of the borderers) they tooke only woodd and water for their
vin.ijje. The Barbarians on the shore wondered to see our great vessels floatinge on the sea,
to the bcholdinge whcrof menne, and women, children came striuing and thronginge from
ail places. Our menne also (not without great astonishment and admiration) beheld farrc cif
from sea, their goodly buildinges, but chiefely their Temples next the Seaside, aduanccd like
Ca-*ielles. At length hauing saylcd 1 10, leagues, they determined to anchor in a prouince
c.ilU'd Campechium, whose towne consisteth of .'iOOO. hoascs, where after they haddc landed,
and friendly imbraced each other, the Barbarians with great astonishment wondered at our
mens art of saylirig, the greatnessc of the vcssclles, the sayles, the flagges, and other thinge^.
But as soone as they heardc the thunder of our ordinance discharged, and perceiued a snionkv,
and sulphur)' fierie sent, and smell, they thought lightning had come from lleanen. The
pettie king of this prouince curteously and royally entcrlayned our men in his Pallace, when
they had feasted them after their manner, (where they haue both Peacockcs and crammed
foulc both of the Mountaynes, Woods, and Water, as Patryches, Quayles, Turtlei, Diicke-,
(jccse, and fourcfooled wildc beastes, as Boorcs, Hartes, and Hares: beside Wolfe*, Lyons,
Tygcrs, and Foxes) our menne were conducted with a princely Trayne to a broadecrossewa\,
standing on the side uf the towne. Here they shew our menne a square stage or pulpit fnurc

steppes

t(5t

Tilt fourth Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

915

Hteppen high, partly of rlamniT Hiliimrn, and partly of ntnull Mnned, whcreio iho Imn^e of

amannc cutie in marble wnn ii viird, two fourcfootcd vnknowiie beaNlcM faKteniiii^ \iu,n him,

which (like madde dongen) se^incd, they would tenre the marble man-* RUttct* out olhiM Jjcliy.

And by the Unanc Rtfxid a Serpent, brNmcarrd nil with goare bloud denourinx a marble

Lyon, which Serpent compucr^d of Hitiimen, and Nmall iitone* incorporated together, w,-\i

xeuen and fourtie fecte in leni^th, and m thicke n<« a great Oxc. Next vnio it were three

rafien or ilakea fastened ((• the groiinde, which three other-* crowed, vnderpropped with

nloneit. In which place they punish malefactora condemned, for proofc whereof, they ttawe

innumerable broken arrowed, all bloudie, scattered on the gronntic, and the bonen of the

dciidc, cast into an incliitH '•tuirte iiecrc vnto it. The hnuHex nlmi hccre, are built of lime

and Htone. Thit king they t -lied La/aruf* because they landed vpon S. La/.aru!« day. They

depart from thence, alwaves > the We?*! Ift. leagued; and take the prouince called Aguanil. TWprouinw

The fowne thereof i* called Ni/OHcobo, and their king Chiapoton, accenting the la^t itillubic with"' '^«"'""''

nxharpc accent, This king sternly behnldeth our men like an enemie, and <«eeke<« to intrappc

them with a Stratagem. For demaunding water, they >tignific vnto them that there \n a foun-

tayne on the other !«ide of the next hill, where they were to paxitc through a nnrrnwe path :

but by the chaunging of their countenaunceit, and carying of their bowes and arrowcM ; they

perceiued the dcceitc. Our men refute to goe any further. The Harbarian-* therefore charge

them, and set vpon them, xlraggling Hi vnprouided, and ouerthrowc abouc a thouxande of looo, .S|iiii/-

our menne. Siiche m ficddc, Mtuckc laMt in the myre on the shore, for the Sea w.is very muddy tTi'^'ullbjium.

there, by meaner whereof they shot 2i. of our men through with their arrowes, and no sicwe

then), and for the most parte wounded the rest. They report that Franciscu"* Firnandcz him- ih* AJmiMii

xelie Admirall of the Fleele, receiued.li. woundes almost none escaped scot'ree : if they T.'",''^'f 1,"/^"

hadde marched forwarde to the liillc<« they Hhewed them, they hadde beene .>(lavne euery t"»iy i>y <h«

man. They therefore that reniayned aliue, returned sad and Horrowfull. to the llande Fer- """'"

nandina from whence they came, and are recciued by their companions with teares, and

>ighe<, for thoic ihcy hadde left bchindc them, and those that were present, being

wounded.

The thirde Chapter.
Dlecus Vel.mquez Lieutenant Gouernourof Cuba Fernandina vnderstanding thi<4, furnished
a ficele of foure (".(raiiellcs, with .'{Ot). menne or thereabouts. And appovnteth hii Nephewc
lohn Ciri-ialua Admirall of thi'4 title Fleete, iovning vnder oflicers with him, AI|)honsus
Aiiila Francitcus Mmiienria, and I'etru-^ AluaradiH, but for I'ilotte the selfe same Anthonius
Alaminns, who hiidde the direction and renimcnt of the former FIcetc. Who vndertooke
tile same voiage agayne, but sonielimes more to the South. And hauing saylcd some 70.
Iea;;iies they discryed a tower spiring aboue tiic Sea, but sawe no land. Hv direction of
whiih tower, they made towarde an llande called Cosnmel, three leagues dislaunt from whence Th.iunrfe
(they say) they smelt the sweete sauour of freshwater the winde blowing from thence. '^'"'""''•
They linde this Hand to be 4,'». leagues about, a playne lande, and a most fortunate and
fertile soyle. It hath golde, not naturally growing there, but brought vnto it from forreinc
p.irtes. II aboimdeth with hony fruites, and hearbes, and hath great plentie of foiile and
lotircfooted beastes. That I may briefcly conclude, the Oeconomicall, and Politicall go-
iiernnient of these inhahilantes, agreeth with theirs of lucatan. Their houses, temples,
streetes, and trade of marchandise are all one, and the app.irell both of men and women is
of Cotton, which the common people of Italie cal Bomb.ise, and the Spanyards, Algodon,
not (loth of woll, or silkc. Their houses of bricke or stone, are coucrecl with reedes, where Tiuir iiovi«i.
there is siarcitie of stones, but where Quarries are, they arc coiiered with shindle or slate.
Many houses hane ni;irble pillers, as they hauc with vs. They founde auncient towers there, Aunc 'it t.™.
and the mines of such as li.ulde beene broken downe and destroyed, seeming very auncient : "••
but one abinie the rest, whereto they ascended by 18. steppes or staires, as they ascendc to
famous, and renowned temples. These people woondered at our ships, and art of sayling.
At the first incounter they were vnwillyng to entertainc guestes, but afterward they cour-
teouslv admitted them. The Goucrnour (whome they suppose to bee a Priest ) conducted

S s 2 thcni

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IJcllrs.

t'ircumtislun.
'i'hr Kingcian-

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tlic fourth Dec(uU:

The Barb-irians
encamp »V nnke
u.iirr a^aiiiit ihe
Sparuaidcs.

Thf hauf n of
Dckirc.

CulluAorOtoi.

Tfic ryiicr Ciri-
liotfcn targets.

them viito a tower, in the toppe whereof they erect a banner, and adiiidginj; the Domiiiinn
thereof to the king of Castile. They call the Ilandc Santa Cruce, beecaiisc they cnfrcd into
tlie same the Nones of May, being then the feast of the holy crossc. But they say, it wjis
called Cozumella, of a certaine king Cozumellaus, who.se auncesters (as he vaiintefli) were
the first inhabitauntes of this Ilandc. In the tower they fouiulc chambers, wherein were
marble Idolles, or Statues, and Images of earth in the similitude of IJeares these they call
vppon with loud singing all in one tunc, and sacrifice vnto them witii fumes, and swcete
odors, worshipping them as their housholdc goddcs. There they pcrforme their diuine cc-
remonies, and adoration: they are also circumcised. This king was apparelled with a gar-
ment of gossampine cotton, curiously wrought, and had the toes of one of his fecte cut of.
For a deuouring fish called Tubero, violently snapped his toes of at a bit, while he was
.twimming. lie honorably feasted our men, and bountifully entertained them. After three
dales they depart, sayling directly to the West, and espie grcut mouiilaines a farre of. Which
thev perceiued to bee lucatan, a land which ihcy had alrcadie discouercd, being but fine
le.igucs distant from Cozumella. They take the South side of lucatan (to witte) next the
continent. They compassc it, but not all, by reason .if the multitude of rockes, and saiulie
shelfes. Then Alaminus the Pilot bringes backe the ships to the North side of the Ilandc,
already knowne vnto hitn. And at length came to the same townc Campechium and king
Lazaru.s, to whom the former ships went the yeere before : of whom becing gently rcceiiied,
they arc imiitcd to the townc. But they soone repented, that they had inuited them. Fdr
within a stones cast from the townc, the borderers will oir men to stand, and command
them to begon, our men desire leaue to water before they depart. They shcwc them a well
beliinde them, from whence (they say) they might drawe water, but not clswhcre. They
lodge at night in a fielde neere vnto the well. The Barbarians mistrust, and about iiOOO.
armed men incampe themselucs not farre from our men neither partie slept that night, they
fearing our mcnne wouldc brcake into the townc, and our men suspecting some sudden
assault of the Barbarians, wakened the sleepy, with the sound of the trumpet, and drumnie.
As soone as day began to pcepe, the Barbarians come vnto them, and call for our Cuba
Intcr|)retours, whose speach (though not the same) is notwithstanding somewhat like vnto
it : and lighting a Torch of Frankincense, between both armies, they threaten to kill them,
vnlesse they quickly depart, before the torch bee extinguished, and plaincly tell them, that
tliey will haue no guests. The torch is put out, or consumed they encounter hand to hand,
and kill one of our men, whome they shot through his shield with an arrow, and wounded
many : so that our men retired to the ordinance placed by the wel, to discharge them vpon
the Barbarians. The borderers retire vnto the townc, the souldiers with cger courage desired
to pursue the. The .\dmiral (Jrisalua forbiddeth them: from thence they proceed to the
furthest end of lucatan, & foiuid it more then 2(X). leagues in length from East to West.
They go to an excellent harbor which they called the haucn of Desire. Afterwardes they
passe ouer sea to other landes, and lande on the West neere to lucatan : and doubt whether
it be any Ihnde or not. They suppose it to be annexed to the Continent, there they find
a Bay, which they imagin to be coin|)assed on both sides with lande: but kncwe noccrtaintie
thereof. This lande is called Colliia, or otherwise Oloa, of tlie borderers. A mighlie great
riuer foimde there, through the rage and violent current thereof into the Sea, yceldeih
P'ltalilc waters for the space of two leagues. They called the riuer (by the Admirals name)
Cirisalua, the bordering Barbarians woondcring at the sayling of their shippes, beset both
side of tiie riuer, to the number of (iOCK). warri^urs, armed with golden targets, bowes, and
arrowes, and broade wodden swords, and speares hardened in the fire, to resist their latulinij,
and to defend the shore. Both parties that night stoode in armcs. At the first dawning of
the day, bcholde, about an hundred Canoas full of armed men. Wee haue elswhere sayde,
that the Canowes are litle barkes, made of one tree. Here the Interpreters of (.'uba, and
• hey, agreed well inough in language. Peace offered by the Interpreters, is admitted. One
Canoa commeth vnto them, the rest stande still. The Maister of the Canow, demandcth
what o'jr men seekc in Strang countries ; they answer they desire gold, but oncly by ex-
change,

ill-!"!

Jlic fourth Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

317

An Ilinde
wherein they ja*
crifite their chil-
dren tu [dotles.

The maner of
their most abho*
minable sacrilice*

change, not of gift or violently. The Canow returncth to the king and the mariners report

what they had done : the king being sent (or, willingly coinnicth vnto them. O admirable

thing (most holy father) & worthy to be reported. The king callcs his chambcrlanc vnto

him, willeth the furniture of his chamber to be brought, & commandeth to arme our Gc-Thco.ncr.ii

nerall Grisalua therewithall : first therfore he bcginneth to put him on golden shoes, ''ootcs, '^>', ;', "^»;|^^J™"^^

lircstplate, and whatsocuer armour vsually made of Iron, or Steele, a man of armes armed 'rpe to rhetor

from top to toe vseth to weare when he cometh into tiio field, all that made of gold, wrought !!!,*"'''''"

with wondcrfuil art, the king bestoweth on Grisalua. Grisalua rcquiteth him with ve'^lurcs

of .silke, linnen, woollen, and other things, of our country. In the beginning of this lucatana,

when they passed ouer from Cozumella, they light on a Canow of fisherme, wherin were

9. borderers, fishing with golden hookes: they take them al vnarmed, misdoubting nothins;.

The king knew one of the, & promised to send Grisalua as much gold the next day for

his rasome as the man should weigh. Grisalua I'.enied to release him without the consent of

his felowes, and therefore kept him still, and departed desirous to know further what lay

beyond them.

The fourth C hapter.

SAyliug about 10(). leagues thence; alwayes to the West, they found a great gulfe, in the
which 3. small Hands stood: they went vnto the greatest of them. But oh crueil impiely
(most holy father) oh terrible & blouddic minds of men, let your holines close the mouth
of your stomacke, least it be disturbed. There they oiler vp their children, boyes and girles,
vnto their Idols, they are circumcised. The Images which they worship, are some of mar-
ble, & some of earth. Amog the marble Images, st.indeth a LiO, with an hole through the
necke, into the which they poure the bloud of those miserable wretches, that from thence
it may run into a marble trough, let vs now declare with what ceremonies they sacrifice the
hloud of those miserable creatures. They cut not thci,- throats, but ripping vp their brestcs,
they plucke out the heart of the vnhappic sacrifice, with whose warme bloud they annoint
tl<e lips of their Idolles, and let the rest runne through into the trough, & then burne the
heart vnoprned, and the boweN, supjiosing it to be an acceptable fume vnto their gods.
One of their Idolles hath the shape of a man, which bowing downe his head, looketh into
the blouddie trenche, as it were accepting the oblation of the slayne sacrifices : they eate the
br.iwiies of the armes, and fleshie partes of the thighes, and calfes of the leggcs, especially
if they sacrifice an enemie conquered in the warres. They fonnde a riuer of congealed and
rioftcd bloud, as though it had runne out of a butchery. For this wicked purpose, they
trasport poore soules from the bordering llandes : there they sawe innumerable heades and
ilcad carkases mangled and cut in peeces, and very many whole, couered with mats. All
those roasts abounde with golde & precious stones, one of our men wandering in the Hand,
light vpon two hollow alablastcr pitchers (cunningly wrought) fiil of stones of diuers colours.
They say also that ihey foud a ston,- of the value of ^000. Casfellanes of gold, which they
sent vnto ^ gouernor. This llande they called the Ilandc of Sacrifice, there are also other
llandes situate on the sides of this Coluacana, which women onely inhabite, without theso-
cietie of men. Some thinke they line after the maner of the Amazones. But they that
ronsider the matter more wisely, thinke them to be virgins lining in common together, de-
lighting in solitarines, as with vs, and in many places in auncient tvme, the virgins vestales,
or such as were consecrated to Bona Dca vsed to doe. At certaine times of the yeere, men
from the bordering Ilan<le>< passe ouer vnto them, not for the cause of generation, but moued
wiili pittie, to till their fields and dresse their gardens, through which manuring of the groud
ilicy might the better line. Yet rep<irt gocth, that there are otlier llandes, l)ut of corrupt
women, who ciitte of the pappe.s of their young children, that tlicy may the better practise
the .nrl of shooting, and that men resorte vnto thcin for the intent of generation, and thai
they kcepe not the male children, but 1 thinke it a fable. Our men therfore at the shore of
Coluacana, drew necrc vnto the lande, and quietly Iraflicke there. The king gaue our men
a Cawdron, bracelets, chaynes, brooches, and manic other lewcllcs of diuers kiiules, and all

vt'

Apretlou! <;tone
ot" » grcjt vatuc.

ciitire.

lUiidcs uf v'o-
mrti.

Guitttfs.

mr n

i ■• li

\:V

> V ?! '. I,

Ml!,', .^\i.

I: 111

MMi.'^i

1>^'

i\ }

n t

t i

,'t

318

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Hie fourth Decade.

15. vfry g«at
towiirs in Co-
luac4n.i k the
maiici uf the.

Frilmaria.

A stranff crrf*
moil) ct'ihfse
Bjrhjt MiiF At
the irttiiiingof
stnncct*.
SiitpU lifr.

C'fuSTItlf.

Adultfry.
Thf honoraWf
rstitnAtioiithc
hArb.irt.ins luur
of manage.

Gencfil fasts.

Rich pftri of
diucrs p'Tii bf .
itourd vjiiri the
AJnuutl.

SMVinming&
diuiiu iiti<i ttic
hottomiot iiiitrs
foT gold.

i>vrcffic oduri.

A ttoiif of a
%tVdX value.

ofgoklc. Our men agaiiic on the other part, gratific him with our country commodities,
and make him very ciicerCul. Here the copanie desired to settle themselucH, and plant a
Colonie, but the Admirall woulde not permit them. At that time the soldiers (comi)anioiiH
in armes) were desperately bent against the Admirall. Their prouincc consisteth of iiirrctcd
houses: Sc hath also \b. very great townes, & in some places, they affirme, that they sawc
townes of 20000. houses. The houses ioyne not eucry where together, but are dissciicrcd
with gardens, and courts. Many of them are distaunt one from another. They haue strccls
comjwssed with walles, where they keepc their markets and fayrcs, they hauc paued streets
oucns & furnaces, lime, & brickc : they haue also potters, & Carpenters, & other artificers
& haue gotten most excellet workmen of all the mechanicall arts. This king is called Ta-
uascus : the country Palmaria. They say the towne where he keepeth his courte, called
I'oiitanchianuni, consisteth of fiftccne thousande houses. When they receiue straungers or
ncwe guestes, whoe entertayne peace with those countrycs, in token of friendshippe, they
clrawe a lille bloud from themsclues (with a rasor, or a litle knife made of stone) cither nut
of the tongue, hand, armc, or any other pari of the bodie, and this they doe, euen in the
sight of the stranger. Their Pricsfes Hue a single, and vncorruptcd life. No man know^'ih
what the act of generalio meaeth, vntil he mary. It is a detestable and haynous matter, and
punishable with death, if they chaunce to do otherwise. The women are maruelous ch-Ki.
Euery great man afore he hath maryed a wife, may haue as many Concubines as he pleaseth.
But the maried wife being take in adultery, is sold by her husband, yet only to his soueraisni
Prince, from whom, it shalbe lawfull for her kinsfolke to redceme her. It is not I.iwfiilj for
any that is vnmaried to sit at table with such as are maried, or to ente of the same disi), or
drinke of the same cup and make themselues equall with such as are married. In the
monethes of August, and September, they abstaine 3a. daycs, not onely from flesh, whereot
they hauc the best, both of foule, and wilde beastes taken by hunting : but they doe nnt so
muchc as eate fish, or any thing which might nourish the bloud : so that for those d.ivf<
of abstinence, they line onely vpon hcarbes, or pulse. Here our men spent a fewe d;i\T*
very j)lcasantly, afterward they depart, following the same shore, and mccte with anmlier
king whom they call Ouandus. When the king vndcrstoode our men desired goldc, he brought
tlicm plates of moulten goldc. The Admirall signified by the interpreters, that hee de>irc(l
store of that mettall, the next day he cominaunded the golden image of a man of a ciihit
long to bee brought and a fan of gold, and an Idol of one of their Domesticall gods curioii*lv
wnuight, and also garlandes of diuers stones. He gaue our men also great store of bre^t-
plates, and brooches and ornaments of diuers kinds, and pre' ious stones of seuerall cn!oi:r<
He also satisfied them with m(xst delicate meates very sauorie and wel seasoned. Inuiting mir
men a shore, forthwith erecting pauilions or boothes by commaundcment of the king they
speedily rouered them with greene boughes. The king smote his domesticall seruanis (that
were negligent in bringing of boughes) with the scepter he bare in his hand, the seniams
with an humble countenace patiently bcarc the stripes he gaue tiicni : the king beinj; de-
manded, whore so great plenty of gold was gathered, pointed with his finger to the next
mountaincs, and riucrs runningc from them : these people arc so vsed to riuers, and lakes
that it is all one to them to swimme or goe vpo the lande. When they desire to gather jjnld,
they diue into the riucrs, & bringe foorth their hands full of sande. And sifiinge the sandc
from hande to hande, they piekc out the gold. In the space of two houres, they are rr-
jxirt to fill a cane as bigge as a manns finger, with gold. Smooth, and pleasinge words niii;ht
bo spoken of the swceie odors, and perfumes of these countries, which we purposely oniiit,
because they make rather for the eft'eminatinge of mens mindcs, then for the mainleii.inie
of good beahauiour. The Admirall refused a boy of 12. yeeres of age which the kinjtc
offered him, but receiued a yongc Virgin richly adorned, and reiectcd the boy, contrary to
the mindcs of the company. Of the precious stones they had from this king, they write,
that one, was woorih 2(XX). Castelanes of gold. So, at length they depart from this kinsc,
laden with gold and precious stones. The Admirall Grisalua sendeth one of the Carauels to
the Lieutenant Gouernour of Fernandina his vncle with messengers, who had the gold ami

prctiuus

% ii

■' I:

iji^

A .*■

Tfie fourth Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

31!)

.'■) \)

precious stones. In the mcane space, the rest foUowe the shoare towards the West. But
one ship wherein Franciscus Monteu;riiis the Viceadmiral was, sayled hard by the shoare, and
the two other kept a loofe within vewe of the lande. The borderers wonderinj? at them,
ascribe the strangenes of the matter to miracle. Thirteen (,'anoas came vnto Montegri.is,
by interpreters spcake together, and courteously saUite each other: The borderers humbly Tin-bordtrfM
intrcat the to come a shoare and promise them great matters, if they would goe to the "ii'h.'.j,,"';"/"
king of the country. But Montegrius saith he cannot yeld to their inlreatyes, because his 'i" Spaniard.,
companio.is were to farre of from him, yet he sent them away contented giuinge the ccr- m^t'lriTmor
tainc gifts of our country commodities, which pleased them well. From thence they goe "f '■'= *'"'
vnto another famous towne & the 3. Carauelles together approached ncere the shoare, ITn.lhV" '^'
but the borderers with their targets, bowes, quiuers full of arrowes and broad woodden
swords & lauelins hardened at the end with fire, came fortharmed to our men, to resiste their
landinge, & shot at them afarre of, but our mennc discharged their ordinance against them.
The Barbarians woonderinge at the thundringc of the greate Artillcrie, and astonished at the
fiiric thereof, betake them to flight, and desire peace. Here our mens victualles began to
faile them, & nowe the shippes were broosed, & shaken, with long voiages. Grisalua there-
fore contented with that which he had done, and found, to returne to the Hand Fcrnandina,
without the good liking of his companions.

The fift Chapter.

WE will now diucrt a litlc, and handle another nauigation, & then relume to these new
foud landes againe. The same Diecus Velasquez Gouernour of Fernandina, almost at that
time whc he sent forth this nauy of 4. Carauels, appointed another voyage for one Carauell
onely, with one Brigantinc to go in consort with 4.'>. men. These vsed violence against the
inhabitantes. The people were Idolaters, and circumcised, & are bordering next vpO the
shore of the supposed Continent. There are many fertile Ilandes, of a blessed & fruitfiill Theftmif
soyle, Guanaxam, Guitillam, and Guanaguam. From one of these, they violently tooke 'iOO. [,'j,'j'',^"J5^"]'
harmlcsse inhabitantes of boih sexes. This llande they called Sancta Marina. They thrust bm'Jnd 'oU-
thcm into the Carauell, & returned to Fernandina. They leaue the Brigantine with ti.j. of "J;^"'p_;^^^i..
their companie, to the intent to hunt for more men. The hauen where the Carauell tirst takm CaniuV.
arriucd, is called the hauen of Carenas: this hauen is 200. and 40. leagues distaunt from the Z^ltnl"""''
towne of S. lames, the chiefe towne of the Hand of Cuba, this is a very long llande reaching
in length to the West, which the Tropickc of Cancer diuidcth. Fortune seeking rcuenge
for these miserable wretches, ccrtaine of the keepers of the captiues go aland,
.niul fewe remained in the Carauell. The llanders hauing gotten opporlunitic to recouer The Captiut)
iibcrtie, suddenly snatching vppc our mens weapons, fel vpon the keepers, & slew sixe of '■,"'',', 'l^^'''*
them, the rest Icape into the sea. By which meanes the llanders possesse the Carauel, which spjnurdts.
they had learned to rule, so that they r^ urne into their country, they lande not first at the
same Hand, but at the next. They burne the Carauell, cary the weapons away with them,
and passe ouer to their companions in Canoas, and sette vppon our mennc which were left in
the Brigantinc, ouerthrew them, and slew some of them. They who escaped, fled vnhappily
to the Briganliiie : there standeth a great tree, next vnto the shore, in the top whereof they
place a Crosse, and cngraue this inscription in Spanish vpon the vpper barke thereof :
Vamos al Darien. Darien is a ryuer, on the shore wherof the chiefe towne of the supposed Th« r.uer
Continent is seated, called Sancta Maria Antiqua. The gouernour hauing intelligence ^"""
thereof, speedily sendeth 2. shippes laden with souldiers, for succour of them that were lefte,
but they consulted too long while all was done and past. Yet following the Crosse, they
came to the shore, and read the letters ingrauen on the tree: but durst not attempt fortune
with those desperate men that fled, well armed, and therefore returne barke againe. These
men from the next llande, carry away 500. men & women as it had bin so manv hares :
thinking they might therefore lawfully doe if, because they were circumcised, the like mis-
chaunce befell them arriuing at Fernandina: Of the 2 ships, they fiercely a^.sault one, and '"""i.,bic,
fighting eagerly, kill some of their Spanish keepers, the rest cast themselues into the sea, and ''"''"""■

swininio

500. in n .Hid
wi'nirii taken

H'tJi

.) W

m h

;M 'I' •>

M ,f

^j^'i

!'20

The Barbarians
hght with the
•^{laiiyardn.

100. Barbariins

ilaync and
Huundcd.

Arthipcbgui.

}6. lundri.
GoMr.

A wonder ir is
thy. thrr shulJ
I't such cxcfl-
Irnt uurkmin-
ship Jtnongest
the Indians
'Without ihf vse
of Steele and

\'OYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The fourth Decade.

S. iLhlll Pull.

swiinme to the next Caraiiell, which wont in consort with them, and vniting thcmselupg ^\\

together with the Caraucl which remained, a<sayled the other taken from them: the victory

was doubtfull for 4. hoiires space the Barbarians, both men and women, for recouery of their

libertie, fought very fiercely, and the Spaniardes likewise with no lesse fury and courage

encountered them, least they shoulde loose the pray which was taken from them. At length

the Spaniardes were conquerers, because they were more nimble and readie in handling their

weapons. The vanquished Barbarians cast themselucs headlong into the sea, but are taken

vp againe in boales: so that tliose that were slaine in fight, and drowned in the water, were

about 100. persons. Of the Spaniardes but fewe were wanting. The Barbarians that re-

maincd aliue, are sent to the towne of S. lames, and to the mines of gold. Shortly nftcr

they goe vnto another of the neighbouring llandcs: which are more in number there then

Simpleg.ides in our Ionian Se.i, which multitude of Hands they commonly call Archipebgus.

Here, as many of our mr as went a shore out of the ships, were entertained with hostile arnics,

and slaine or wounded : they suppose this Hand to be that whereunto lohannes Pontius the

Captain of one ship went and left them much disquieted, being repulsed by the inhabiiantos

aiici called it Florida: because he founde that Ilande, on the day of the resurrection : tlic

Spaniard calleth Easter, the flourishing day of the resurrection. They report, they saw, 'i(i,

Hands, which Colonus h.id ouerpassed, as it were so many daughters of Hispaniola and {'iil):i,

and guartlers of the supposed Continent, to breake the force of the slormes comming IVom

the Ocean. In many of these, they found natiiie graynes of gold. These people also wcarc

diners lewelles, and vse gilded wooden Idols of their houshoid gmis, and some of gold very

ariilicially wrought, they are most curious and ingenious workemen euery where. Francisci;,

Chieregatus your holinesse his Nuncio to our Caisar in Spaine, brought one of their Idok

with him, whereby you may gather how ingenious they are. It is a marueilous thing to .see

the making of their rasors. They forme them of certaine yelow stones clcere and trans-

parent as chrystall, and with them they shaue, no otherwise, then if they were made of the

most excellent Steele. Hut that which is most admirable, and woorthie the beholding, when

they haue a blunt edge through long vse, they sharpen the not with a whet-stone, or other

stone, or powder, but temper them onely by putting them into a certaine water. Tliev haue

also among them a thousande kindes of instnnnents and tooles, & other excellent fine tiiinir-i,

which were too long to rehearse, & peraduenture tedious to your holincs, so much busid

with matters of great importance. I returne therefore from whence I digressed, to Co/ii-

mella, lucatana, and Coluacana, or Oloa, riche and ple.isant landes as Elisium, lately founde

out, from wliich I diuerted, where it is sufficiently knowne, of how great moment those

tractcs & countries are.

The sixt Chapter.

THe new inhabitants of the Hand of Cuba, (the Spaniards) with the consent of the
gouernor, furnish a new nauy of ten C.irauels, with 500. men, ioyning three Brigantincs viih
them as light horsemen, whose heipe they might vse to sounde the shallowe shores, and lo
discouer tlie daungers of many rockcs. They shippe 16. horses, fit for warre : and chorsc
I-crnandus Corfesius (who then was chiefe Commaunder of the Citie of Cuba) (jenerall, aiij
Admirall of the nauy, and for vnder oflicers they appoynt Alphonsus Fernaside/. Pcrlmnr-
rcrius, Fraiicis< us Montegius, Alplionsus .Xuila, Aluaradus the Spaiensian Commendatory, Inhn
Velasquez, and Dicrus Ordi'ssus. They still followe the same winde (from the last angle of
Cuba to the Wcs-t) which lirst Franciscus Velasquez did, and alter him lohn Grisalua, .md <o
came to the Hand of .Sacrifices, whereof I m.ide mention before. Heere a sharpe and boi.slroii*
wyndc forbadde them to take lande. and a cruell tempest carryed them backe againe to
Co/umclia, lying on the East side of lucatana, this Hande hath onely one hauen, whiih t!u\
called S. It)hns Port. It hath in it sixe townes onely, and hath no other water, then siu i) ,>
is ill welles and cisfcrne?.. It wanteth riueis and fountaynes because it is a plavne lande : ami
is onely 45. leagues in circuit about. The inhabitantesiled vnto the thicke woodes, and forsake
iheir towns for feare, our men enter their desolate and enipiie house.s, and fecdc vj)on tiieir

country

The fourth Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

3S1

foimtry vichialles, and foiiiKl ihorc, furniture for houses of diners colours, rich and costly '^'''''''"^'"S''

liani'JDgs, ■;armentcH, nnd couprlctf, which they cal Amaccas of ^ossampine cotton. Resides

.ill (his (mnsf holy father) they founde innumerable bookes : of the which, tnnether with Dook«j.

other thino;s brought to our newe Kmperour, we will hereafter speake at large. Our sduldicrs

viewed the llande diligently throughout, yet still keeping themselucs in battayle array, least

aiiv violence might assayle them. They finde but lew of the inhabitants, and one woman

niu'lv in their conipanie. Ry the Interpreter of ("uLa, and three others, which the former

Spanvardes had taken from lucatan, tliev perswaded the woman, to scnde for the absent

l^inii-i. The inhabitantes were tlie familiar friendes of this woman, the kinges conducted by

till' woman, came with her, who sent messengers for them, made a league of friendship

with our men, and cheerefidly returne vnto their country houses, and had much of their

stulle restored vnto thent. They founde them Idolaters, &: circimicised. They sacrifice idolatry.

iliildren of Ijoth sexes to their Zemcs which arc the Iniaues of their familiar and domestical! ?!;;""'>'""''•

, ., . . ''ii.rnit.ing ul

<[)irites, which thev Wdrship. Alaminus the Pilot, Franciscus Moiitegiu'* & Portucarreniis.ciiiUrcn.
the messengers who brought the prcsentes to the king, being demannded by me, from
whence thev had the children they offered in sacrifice : answered, that they were brought to
he sold from the collaterall llandes, for exchange of gold, Sc other marchandize. For in so Mirdundise ot

I I I f

huge and spatious a laiule, the cursed care of damnable money hath no where yet possessed' y';'''" '
the inhal)itants. They report also the same of otiier lands lately found two of the which Ha. quispri-
llandes they call Rian and Scgestian. For want of children they sacrifice dogges : they ^JJ- q''? p"^j„j
nourish also dcgs to eate, as our nation doth Conies: which dogs cannot barke, tV haue <«'' g'mSsmie
snouts like l'n\e-i. Such as they purjiose to eate, they geld. They reserue store of bitches p'^eViosTpTiiri.'.
for iiierease, and but a small number of (logs, as our shepheards (lo, of the sheepc. They '^, f'"'''- Uoct.
lliat are gelded growe marueildus fat. Our men diswaded them from sacrificing men, and nia.i anj se".
told tlicm howe ahhnminable it was. 'fiicse l$arbarians desire a lawe wliiche they might Bf"'^"-
lollowe. They easily perswaded them that there was one Ontl, who created heauen anddogs'cf."
rarth, and was the giiier of all good tilings, being one in substance vnder a triple person. 'f'"j B^"j'"'':>
Thev suflcr their Zemes to be broken in peeccs : &: set vp the palted Image of the blessed thm- isVooi.
\ir'4in (which our mr gaue the) in a sacred pi. ice of y trple, they pare, iV swecj) y 'cmple, ''|"[^'|'^^^]'^'^"
c^- the paiiemet therof. They receiued .ilso a Crosse to be worshiped, in remembrance (ifRdi^.on.ihc
(lod himscli'e, and that man, \vho died th Ton for v -aliiation of mankinde: and on the loppe."'""',",'',!;

. II lamented their

of the temple they erected a urcat woodden Cmsse. They all assemble themselucs together, miKtic ihn
mill with reuerent fcare, and trcmliling, humbly adore the Image of the blessed V'irgin in lhep","j'j7i,e'X.
Icmjile. These Inhaliiiants >.ignilie(l l)y interpreters vnto our men, that there were seuen •^"""'■n.y tiic
(djiinie Christias in the liortlcring Hand lucatan, who arrvued there being driuen thither bv ,"",'",^'!{,"'',"'t'"
tciiiiicst. This Hand isoiuly fine leagues distant from lucatan. The Admirall Cortes vnderstaiid-'o "'"'"'"'f
in^ ihis presentlv dispalcheih filtie nienne with two Caranciles lor that businesse : wh<uarrie «' hc.r'gl^;!.,'
viih them three Co/umcilanes to make inquirie for them, with letters also from the Admiiall to"'''"-
the ( lirNtiaiis, il llicy were to hee lounile, Oner these liltie men and two (arauellcs hec chusiians m
•ippoviited Dieciis Orda-isiis chiffe conimauniKT, who was a warlike and valiant man : and'"'^>""-
il<'( I.ircili vnto them howe hononr.ible an ait tiicv sjioulilc perl'orme, if they could bring any
cif them, lice earnestly conimendeih the matter . iito them, for he hopeth to haue some
li_'iit from tiieni of all iho-e (rat te-. and countries, lliev I'ortunalelv depart; sixe da\ es were
,i|ipo\ ntiil them for tliiir nturiie, tin y stayed eight. Our men suspected that the Cozumel-
I.iiie mes»i<iii;ers, were either slaiiie or ileteined, because tliev stav so long: <i^' thcrfore
rrtiirne to the .\dmiia!l to Co/umella leaning them behiiule. Nowe the .\dmirall began to
tliinke (if his departure from Cozumella (despiivring of the Christians, whom he so much
liisircd, and of the Ci /uniellanes thev had Ict'i liehinde) but the opposite violence of the
SCI withheld him. W'liile they --tay, behold fro tlie West, thev disery a Canow comming
IVim lucaiaii, wliich brought the Co/.umeilancs :ind one of the captiuc Christians, called .Ar.iptuitChti!-
llieroiiiimis .\quilaris, an Astigilan Vandall who had lined 7. veers among the Incatanes :'';^^'J',"';[,^^|^.
with what iov each imbraced other, this rasual accident may declare. He reporteth Miioti«: lu.jun--
ilicii) his owne luird chaunce it the miserable condition of his copanions lost together with
liiin and they harken vnto him with attcntiiie minds. Here I ihinke it not much I'rom the
vol.. V. ' T t matter,

uw.;

■ J ■ t

; H. '1 ''I'i

•fVr/ /

• I

i'f

!■ i'i

■f

V^'

1; ,r

MM
'(ill

.•jog

VOYAGES. NAUir.ATIONS,

The fourth Decade.

Valdluia and liis
niitetdblr I'oi-
•■■uir.

V.ild;uia and
certainc of his
cnmpjuioni
iljinr, and sa-
ciitit'cJ 10 the
IduU Zcmcs.

The mother of

mad, i.id the
occuion.

liucrrd ci the
f jptiu.ty of the
B'rL'.r.ani.

matter, nor troublesonic to your llolincssc, if I rdu-arsc how this mischace befel them. i|,
mv former Deratls I matic mention of a lertaine noble man called N'aldiiiia, sent fro the
Spaniards which inhabited Darien in the supposed Continet of the gnlfe of Vrabia, to 11^.
paniola to the vice roy and Admirall Colonus, & to tlie Kings counsel (to whom the ordcrino
& redrcsse of matters touching the supposed Cotinent ai)pirtained) to signitie with wha'J
penury they were punished, and wliat want tliey had of al tliitiges. Vnhappy Valdiuia tooke
this matter vpO him in an vnlucky houre: lor in the viiw of the Hand lamaica, on the Soudi
side of llispaniola & Cuba, a suddainc whirlwind drone him vpon the Quicksandes. Tlicso
blinde and swallowing shfles of sandes the Spanyaules call the Vipers, and that very ajjtlv,
because many shyppes are there intangled, (as Lysertes with the Vipers layle) aiul sj
drowned. Here the Carauell splifte in peeces, so that Valdiuia with thirtie of his companinn*
could scarce descendeinto the shyppe boate: where, without oares, and sayles, these miser-
able wretches were violently caried awaie by the strong current of the Seu. For (as wcp
sayde beeforc in our Decades) the Seas flowe there in a perpetuall course towardes tlieWcsi.
Thus they wandered thirteene dayes, not knowing whether they went, nor euer found .loy
thinge to eaie. By meanes whereof?, of them perished through famine, and became iixnk
for the fishes. The rest that remained aliue, now fainting through famine, were driuen m
lucatan : where thev fell into the handes of a criiell ki?ig, who slew the C'aptaine Valdiuia,
with cerlaine of hi* companions, and |)rescntly sacriliccd ihcm to tlu-ir Zcmes, & then inuitin,,
hi>. friende's, he eatc them. These Barbarians eate oiiely iheir enemies, or such strangers , is
come vnto them, otherwise they ab-itaiiic from mans flesh. Tliis our Ilieronimus Aqiiil.iri.
and 0. of his fi-llowes, were kept till the tliird day to bee sarriliced ; but they br.ike their
bands bv niglit, and so escaped the hands of this crucll and bloody Tyrant. They flip ui
another king who wa'i his enemie, & humblv submit themseliies vnto him, and are rerciiird,
but ;.s bondmen, and slaues. It is a lamcnt-ible thing to heare of the mother of this A(|uibri<,
whe shee vnderstood the matter, slice presentiv fell mad, though shee had heard it orielv hm
vncertainely reported, that hee fell into the handes of men-eaters : so that when soeuer slur
sawe fle-he rosted, or |iut on the •spit, shee would fill the house with her outcries, saving.
lU'hold the members ofmysonne. () most miserable and wretched mother, the most \n-
h.-ippv of all woMicn. Acpiilaris therefore hniiing reieiued the Cioiiernours letter, sent bv the
{'(i/umiliane mcsscnycr-., deciareth before tlie king his maister called Taxmarus, what newis
the Co/,»imelianes brought : And discourseth at large of the j)ower of their king, who vscti-
.irriued in those partes, and of the fortitude of the tnenne and their boiintie towanles ihn;
Iri •ndc's, and rigor louaril those that relused, or denied their reipiestes. Wherewith hee niiilc
lav navus tremble, iiisomurh, th.it hee intreateth his seruunt that hee would so handle ili,;
mailer thai they might imt enter his dominions as enemies, but would tome peaceably vri,
liiai. ;\(|iiilaris promiseth peace, and il neede were to succour and avde him against hs
enemies. Whereupon hoe dismissed A()uilaris, and giues him three of his familiars lor I ..
Companions. 'I'liese thi'iges thus prosper, iislv sun ceding, ("ortes ii)\ lull lor the prescrii.iib ;,
of A(|nilaris, wiuu!' might \se as a lit interpreter, departetli from {'o/umclla. N .,

tlurelore let vs declare, \sliether that lleele wi-wt, and wh.it happened snfo them.

'I'he seuenth ('liaj)ter.

SO liien, .Maniinus the Pilot direclini; their course, they fall downe to the riuer whiii.
(irisal-.ia had lirst discduered bi-elore : and liaind tlu' mouth thereof stop|)i'd wiili sand, ,ns «•
read of the rim r Niliis ol f.gi pt, when the wiml hlouetli l'.asl( rl\ , about the ('ainciilar d:iN('«
'Ihev e. 'Jd not therefore |)ro( cede a-'iiust the sireame in gre.iter vessels, then Krig.inliiu's,
.dihoM^h else where it bee apt to receiue su'h shipjx's. The (iouermair landeth 'i(M(. men ::i
Urigan'ines .Sc bo.itcs \ pon the slmare, ollipretli peaee by .\qnilaris. 'I'he borderers demamlcj
what thev would haue ■* Ilieronimus Acpiilaris .iiswtred, \i(liiales. There was a l.iru'i'
vandie plaine, on the siijc of the touiic, whether the inlKiliiantes \vill iliem resorle. The d.iv
tollowiiig our men goe thether, and thev hnnge them i igM n| ilieir hennes, .is bigge .mil .i>
sauoiirv nuate as I'catockes soint what of a IjruvMiishe Lii'our, and brougiit al^so as mmli

Mai/.iiini,

The fourth Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

323

Maizium, as woulile scarce hauc sufficed tcnne hungry menne: and witlial protest and
pl.iincly Jell them, that they speedily depart thence. A greate multitude of armed mcmie
come flocking to our men refusing to departe, and the Barbarians demaundeagaine, what they
meant losayle tlirough other mens countries. Our menne (by Aquilaris) aunswered, thc'y
desire peace, and victuales for exchaung of commodities, and gold also if they hauc any. Tiicy
answered, that they will neyther haue j)eace nor warrc with them, and that they shoulde bee gone
n"ainc, vnlessc they wouidc bee kildc eucry nianne. Our menne sayde.and repeate it againe,
fh;it they woulde not departe, without plentie of victuaiU's, sulTicient to mainlaync the soul-
ilicrs that were prcscnte. The Barbarians appoyntc to bring them victuales the nexte day,
hill (hcv fay led : yet the thirde day, after our menne had incampedon the sandes, and siayde
there all night, they brought them as much more victuales as before, and in their
kini's name commaunded them to depart. Our men sayde, they desired to see the towne,
and to hauc better victuales yet, They denie their request, and murmuring turne their backs.
Our men opprcsse<l with hunger, are compelled to seekc food. The Gouernour therefore
seiideth his vnder Captaines a lande with 150. men. who goc sundry wayes (diuiding them-
^elucs in seuerall companies) vnto the countrie villages. The Barbarians euilly inlreated
one of the troopes they met : but their companions were not farre from them, who hearing
the sound <.f the alarum, came to rescue them becing in danger. On the o»her part, the Go-
uernour planteth the Ordinance in the Brigantincs, and boatcs : and drawetn neerc the shoare
with the rest of the souldiers, and 16. horses. The Barbarians prepared to fight, runne
speedily to defend the shoare, and withstand their landing, and with their arrowes and darts,
hit some of our men a farre off, and wounded about 20, persons vnprepared, whereupon the
Gouernour discharged the great Ordinance against the enemic, who with the slaughter which
the bullets made, the thundring of the Artillery, and (lashing of the fire, are astonished and
discomforted. Our men cast themselucs into the water, and runne vp to the knees, to pursue
the stragling enemic fl)ing, and together svith the alTrighted Barbarians enter the Towne.
The Barbarians with continued course passe by the Towne, and forsake their houses. On the
banke of this riuer, they say, there standeth a wondcrfull huge towne, greater then I dare
report. Alaminus the Pilot sayth it is 3 league and an halfe long, and containeth 2o000.
houses. His companions lessen the grcatnes, and number of the houses: yet they confesse,
it is a wondcrfull great and famous towne. The houses arc diuided with gardens, and arc
built of lime and stone, cunningly wrought by the industrious art of the Architect Vnto
these houses or habitations they ascend by 10. or 12. steppes or stayrcs. For none may
1 h.irge his neighbours wall with beanies or rafters. .Ml the houses are sepcrated the distance
if .{. paces asunder, and for the most part are coucred with rccde, thatch, or marish sedge -.
V it in.iiiv iif ihem arc coucred with slate, or sliindle stone. The Barbarians themselues openly
i imlcssed, thai they were 4()(K). men in battaile that day, yet vanquished of a few by reason
i.f the lU'wc and strange kind of fight, with horses, and shot, for the horsemen a..s.>\ ling the
ll.irliarians in the rccre oucrihrcw their troupes, slew ami wounded them on the riglit side,
,iul on tlu' Icfi, as (lisonlcrcd llockcs of sheepe. These sillic wretches stroken with aston-
ishment ;it lliis miraculous vV strange sight stoodc amascd, and had no power to vse tlieir
weapons. Tor they tluui^lit tlie man on horsc-backo and tlie horse to hauc becne all one
licast, as fables rc[)ort ol' the Centaures. Our men held the towne 2'i. daycs, \vhere they
Mi.ide good cheere vnder the roofe, while the hungry Barbarians abode in the open ayre, and
,!,ir-t not ass.-yle nur men. They chose the strongest parte of the Towne, as it were a Castle
I ill fence, and securing themsuiues with continuall watch by niglit, alwaves snspitious, and
le.iring some violent a.s>auh, tliev gaue tlu-insehics to rest and slecpe, vnder the King 'fa-
n.Nco. The Inhabitants c.ill tlu- towne Potanehianum, and by reason ol' the \ictorie obtained
there, our men called it Victoria. They rc|)ort also wondcrfull and strange tilings of the
in.i^iiilicence, grcatnes, and linenesse of their countrie pallaces built ( for their delight ) vppon
ilicir |)o.ssessio!iS or farmes, with solars, square courtes to receiuc the raine, and excellent
iiorilcd roonies, alter our iashion. At length by Interpreters, and such as were taken in bal-
i.ile, tiu'v seude for tlie King, and those that were clicifc in authoritic vnder iiini, and per-

T t 2 sw.al(:

The Barharimi

fight with the
Spaniardes5c are
di^cumtitccl.

A wrtodcrfuU
lar^c towne on
the bdnke v£
the riiicr.

the Baibaiutik
when tlirv tiw
nun on iuT'r-

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voYAc;i:s, nauigations.

The fouylh DccaiU.

Cluistidi) rr-
ItgKiii, agreed
v(tori by llic
lljihjtidiu.

iS. Ii.hiis D.iy-

swado thcin to come viiarincd, anil siihinit flicnT^clucM. They i)1)ev tlieir eommnmul, ami rc-
liirnceucry man vnto their Ikhiscs, whereupon they assure them of peace vpon eerlaiiu- ((,:,.
ditions projioscd, that they abstaine from the horrible eeren.onies of nieiw bodyes whid,
L-oHfiuni! for they sacrificed to their Zenics, and iicrnicious deuiis. whose iina;,'e they worshipped, aiiildj.
i2im"'"nj"'^ rect the eves of their mind to our (iod Christ, the father of hcaucn and earth, Imrne int,,
tt!:rmm'"ai the woHd of a Virgin, and erncilied for llie redemiilion of mankind, & that they brcake
downe their imaj^es, and linallv professc iheinsehics to become subject to the Kin;; of Sjiainr.
All which they promise: and as the shi-rtncsse of lime would permit, they were insirucicd.
Uein^j restored our men .i;iue them content by prescnliuu; tliem with our coiuitrie coinminli.
ties. Thev suppose such men to bee scut from lleauen, who beciuL!; so fewe in niunl)rr iIiim
incounter hande to hand, against so huge a multitude, 'fiu-y likewise also gaue our men err-
tayne prcsentc.s of gold, and twenty women slaues. So leaning them, they depart to sici^,,
out other lands of the same shoare, and goe vnto a gulfe found out by .Maminus \ ndcr ih,
conduct of (Jrisalua, which they named S. lohns IJaye, for Hian in the Spanish tongue sjirni.
(icth a gulfe. The inhabiiants come pcacei'bly mHo them, fhc tinvne was some mile distaiu
/'rom the shoare situate vpon an iiiil, contayr.-n'^ .'jtM). houses, as they reporie. They inuiic
them to l'id<;c in the towne, and oifcr them the halfe p.irle therenf, if they will dwell \\iii|
them for eucr. Our mennc thought they were cylher terrified with the •■xample of the Inh,,,
bilantes of Potenchianum, hauing heard the report thereof, or else, hopeil (vnderthe pp..
Vniutrsaiii. iht lection of sucli lucu) to hauc fauour t*v: aiile against the bordering enemies. For euen this,
iiiiion? "' '^"" I't'"|>'i' •''''"' •iri' continually sicke of this naturall disease, as ihc rest of niankiiide, misiaiTM!
through racing ambition of soueraingtie and dominion. Otu- nun refuse to scale iheinscln,,
there still, but grauni to stay with them for a lime. The people folli>w our men reliiriii'^
to the shoare, and with greaie diligence erect boothes for them, and cottages mnde of bouglu.
and coucr them the safest wav to shelter them from raine. Tiiere they incampe : aiul Ip.i.r
the rest of the company should growe slouthliill, the Admirall charueth Alaminus the I'i! •
and Franciscus .Montegius to indeuour to sc.ui. h the West part of that land : and that in (lie
nieane tiine hee woulde recreate and refre«!i ihe feeble and \se.iry si'uMiers, and rure iIid-c
that were wounded at I'otenchianum. 'flic .Xdmirall tiierefore rcm.iincth with the rest. Whc j
thev were readie to go, be giucth them 'i. liri^antines and .'>0 men. To this gulfe, i',,
course of the water was very smooth : but when thev had saylcd a little further vnto the WV.r
the violence of the Sea in short spico transported them f)!). leagues from their fellowes, a, ;;
iluy had beenc forcibly carried away with a swift sircame falling from the high ir.ouiitavncv
They li<;ht on a place where two wafers meete together, discouering it selle to them to Wc
an huge plaine sea, which met with the wati-rs running to the \\e»t, as two mighty riiicr-,
when they meete one against the other. So the waters eoniming from the South seemed ::.
if they would resist them as enemies, scttiiv^ foote in anothers right, against the will ofih,
true possi'ssiirs thcreol'. Opposite to which c<uicoiirse of w.iters, tlii"\ siwi- l.uul a farre n;',
but on the ri:;ht hand, and on the h'ft iiuiie. I'loting betweene tlicsc cuiidirii's, tlicv wiTr
t'isscd hethcr and thether with the whirle pMolcs. which had almost suallowcd them insoiin.'.!!
that f(/ra long space thev doubted of aiiv Iv.pe of life. I'lius siritiiii:; with sa\ le and oaro-,
llicy were scarce able to ouercome the violciue thereof, for when they llionghl, thev liadilr
one niglit savled two Ie,ii;ues forward. the\ fouiide that thev were driuen batke foiire. \i<
at t!u' length, through (iods fauour and lielpo. liies ouercame this d luiigcrous conllji t ; tin-.
s|),tit twcntie two daves in that little sp ice of Sea, ami rcturne at length to their I'cIIokcn,
1 hey di .lare t!ie matter vnto them ; and adiiidged it to be the end of the l.ind lA' IIacohi<aii,i,
i!v: of the sup()o.seil t'oniinent. The land which thev saw before them, thev suppose to Ih
oyther annexed to our continent, or else to iovne with the North partes to the ISacceln' v
whereni' wee liaue at large disccuirscd in our Decades. So that ( mo-t ImK I'atlu r) this matter
rema\ iieth (l(uil)lfiill v<'t, but will be discnuered in tinu-. These n<bu'rtisenu'nts thev guie
vs. We deliuer to viiir Ilolinesse. While .Maminus, :ind Francis( iis Montegius scan lied tlii>c
secrets, the king of the I'rouince, whose name was Mutet /.uina, by one ol" his nobles ralliil
R,;h£,fts,ic. Quilalbitor, who gouerned the forcsayd towne, presented our men with many rich gifts nt

i^ I :^

Till' fourth Dicadc.

TKAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEHlliS.

326

"dill ami «iliu'r, aiul pri'iioiis sionos sctic in golilc, curiously wroiight after a inariicilous Strang
iiianrr, whii h tin y lUtrriniiu-d to send vnio our new r-ni|)cr()iir the Kin;;. They consult con-
cerning the plaiitin:; of a ('(ionic, without titc adnisc ol' Dieciis Velasquez Goucrnour of
Ciiha, anil di/l'cr in opinion. .Some hol<l it as a fowle error, but the {greatest part .seduced
throujih the suljtiliy, and practise of Cortes, ijaue him liieir voyce.s and consent. Ilccrc
nianv tiiin^cs are reported a_i;ainst Cortes, touching his treachery and false dealing, which
.hail be l>«iter knownc hcereaficr, and therefore now inav be omitted. They say, that they
were lu't lo re-.pect the (innernour of ('nba, sceini; the matter should be bron^lit before an
higher lud^e. (to wit) the Kin<; of Spaine himselfe, so tlie multitude prcuayled. Wherc-
furc thes desire \iitualcs of (^uitalbilor the kinj;, & assign the place for plantatio of their A Coionie
Coiiiiiv, I'i. Iiauucs fro tlunce ill a most bicsscil and fertile soyle. And for their General"'''" '
.uul Ciimm.mder Ihcv chose Cortes himselfe, (as some thiiike) ajjiinst his will. Who crcatcth
other Magistrates lo j;oiicrne the eitie wiiich they purposed to build. They chose Portucar-
rcriun, and .\Ionteuius (of whom else where I haue sullieientlv spoken) as messengers to
carrv the present-, lo the I'.mperour liie Kinj;; of .Spaine, Mider the conduct of the sayd Ala-
niinus ihe I'ilnt. Vowcr of ihe nobles willmulv oiler ihemselues, with two women to attcnde
the after the f.i'-hion of iheir couiiir) , which thev likewise brought. The people are sf)me- Thciitopicof a
what of a brownish c. I<uir. HmIIi sexes peine the ilappes of their cares, where they hang g^"J"[,|'-'^'""''
])eMd;iiils of gold b<'«et with precious stones. ISut the men bore whatsoeuer space remaynetii
belwcene the \p|)trmo«t part of ihe nether lippe, and the rootes of the teeth of the lower ^'T'" ""''''
thapp : ai;d as we selle jnecious stdnes in goUl to wcare vpoii our lingers, so in that hole ol'
the lippes, tlii'y wenre a broad plate within fasiened to another on the outside o|' the lippe,
and ihi- iewcll lh«'y hang thereat is as great as a siluer Caroline doller and as ihickc as a mans
linger: I doc not remember that I euersawe sn (ilihy and onglv a sight: yet they tliinkc no-
thing more line or comely voder the circle of the Moone. By which example wee are taught, mhii forl'iu'"'
luiw fooli>hly mankind runneth hcadlung, blinded in his owne errors, and how wee arc all s<-"''-- lUiibut
dcccincil. The .Ijhiopia;! thinketh ihe blai kc cohuir to be fairer then the white : and the "'"""'"*
while man ihinkelii otherwise, llee that is polled, thinkeih himselfe more amiable then hec
iliat we.ncth ling liavre, and the be:irdeil man supposcih hee is more comely tlien he that
wanteih a Ixard. As .ippetile theref tc mouelh, not as reason perswadeth, men run into
tlicsc vanities, and eiierv pn.uince is ruled bv their owne sense, as one sav th, we chose vaine
things, and aiihorre thingcs ceil:iineand prolitable. Whence they haue gcdd wee haue
siillicienlK spoken, but our men wmidred whence tiiev had their siluer. Thev shewe them siiucr.
high moiinlaynes ( niiiiniially c(HU'red vsiih smiw, which fcwe limes of the veere shewe their
hare lopps, by reason of iiii( ki" t loudcs ;uul mists The pl.iyne and snv oth mountaines
therefore seeine lo brio;; li rtli ^old. and liie rough craggy hilles and colde vallies ingender
sihnr. T'-ev haue (op|t'. r ;il-o I'lics foui.d ballavie a\es, and digging spades among ihem : Copprr.
iHii ;' . iron or sU'clc. I.'i vs now nine to the presents which were brought to the king, and
begin hrst VM(h the bookes.

The eight Chapter.

Wf! haue savde before, th, it tiiesi- nations haue bookes : and the messengers who were '''*'"'■
|'ro( nitilors for the new Col'nv of ( 'olua( ana, (together with other presentes) brought many
of tluin viiih them into Spaviie. fiie Icaues of their books whereon they write, are of the
tliin inner ri'de of a tree grov>ini; vnder the \ pper barkc : I thinke they call it Philyra, not
such as is within the barkc of W illowes or 1-Jmes, but such as we mav sec in the woolly and
(lii\Miv p.iries of dale , which Ivcih within liie hard outward rinds, as nets interlaced with
III les, and narrow s[,(its. Hi se mashes or little nctiings they sianpe in a morler together
with Miiuoeii, and afler\s:inle being sol'iencd binde and c\teii.l them to what forme thev
please, and being made hard ag:Ti le, they smeere and amiovnt ihein with playster, or some
mailer or sid'st.iiire like plavster I thinke vonr lloliiu'ssi- hath scene table bookes, ouer-
slriWed wit; p'.vser beaten and silie.l into line dusi, wherein one may write whatsoeuer he
picaseth, and after with a spiinge or a cloalh blot it out, and write thereon againe. Uookcs also

arc

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S'iG

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

77if fourth Dermlf.

Thf Chirnttfri
which the In-
dent vte.

The luhicct of
rhr Indian

A monrth a
moone.

Thfir diuiiion
of the yrrrf.
Tlif colt tht
In lijns hfjtow
on thfir teini'lfi
\crv obseruable.

TUr luptfitition
1* ihu pfuplf.

arc cunningly made of the fig-trcc timber, which sicwanls of great houses carry with them to
the market, and with a peniic of mrtiali settc downe the wares whirh tliey banc bought, and
blot them out againc when they hauc entrcd them in their bookes of accompt. They make
not their books square leafe by leafe, but extend the matter and nub'*tance thereof into many
rubitc!). They reduce them into square pecces, not hxwe, but with liinding, and floxil)!,.
Bitumen so conioyned, that being compact of wooden table bookes, they may >eeme to h.uu-
passed the hands of some curious workman that ioyiied them together. Which way sociur
the bookc bee opened, two written sides olVer themselurs to the view, two pages appcare and
as many lye vndcr, \ nicsse you stretch them in length • for there are many leaues ioyncl
together vnder one leafe. The Characters are very . \^ ours, written alter our manner,
lync after lyne, with characters like small dice, (isli .ikes, snares, tiles, starres, & oiIut muIi
like formes and shapes. Wherein they immitate alm<M the Egyptian manner of wriiinc, ami
betwecnc the lines, they paint the shapes of me, i*i: beasts, eiperially of tlieir kiiii^s, jV
nobles. Wherfore it is to bee supposed that the worthy arts of eiiery kings auiicestcus, ;„,.
there set downe in writing, as we sec the like done in our time, that oftentimes the I'rinti i\
insert the pictures of the authors of the matter deliuered into generall histories, and fahulim,
bookes also, to allure the mindcs of stuch as are desirous to buy them. They make the fornK ,
wooden table bookes also with art to eontent and delight the beholder. IJeeing shut, tlici
seeme to diO'er nothing from our bookes, in these they set downe in writing the rites, anil
customes of their lawos, sacrifices, ceremonies, their computations, also, & certayne A-tro-
nomicall annotations, with the manner and time of sowing and planting. They begin the
yeere from the going downe of the Starres, Pleiades, or Virgili.T, and end it with the monciJH
of the Moone. For they call a moneth a moone, heereupon when they intend to signjiie
moneths, they say mooncs. They call the moone in their language Tona : and reckon
the dayes by the Sunne : therefore naming so many dayes they say so many sunnes. and in
their language they call the Sunne Tonatico : yet somewhere it is otherwi.sc, where yci
without shew of reason they diiiide the yeere into 'iO. moneths, and include the moneths alsD
into 'iO. dayes. The Inline temples they frecpient, they adorne with golilen tape-fry, and other
furniture intermixed with jirecious stones. Fuery day as sooiie as light beginncth to ap-
peare, they perfume their temples, and olT'er deuout prayers before they take any thingc in
hand. The inhabitants also of these rounlryos vse horrible impietie in their sacrifices, for
.as I haiie sayd before, they sacrifice < hildren of both sexes to their Idols. At what time ihcy
cast tlieir seede into the ground, and when the come beginneth to shoote out in eares, ilio
people for want of children, sacrifice slaues (bought with money, daintily fed, and richly
arr.iyed) vnto their Zemes. They circumcise them twentie daves before they ofler tho ti
their Idols, who passing through the streetes, are humbly saluted bv the townesmen, as though
they should shortly be reckoned among the number of the (imlils. They honour their Zcnios
with another sharpe kinde of piety, and deuotion : for they '••""i- their owne blood, one (mt
of the tongue, another out of the lijipes, some out of the eare-s, and iiianv out of the breast,
thigh, or leggcs. This blood they draw from them, by cutting and ;;asliini; theinsclues with .i
sharpe rasor, which as it tlroppeth they receiuc in their h;iiuls and ca-ting it on high towardis
hcauen, besprinkle the pauement of the Church therewith, supprisinj; the godds are tlieril)v
j)aci(ied. Twelue leagues distant from the new Colonic Villa richa, on the Fast standctii .i
lowne of 5. thousand houses, by the ancient name of the inhabitanles, called Cempoal, but hv
a new, Siuillia. The King of this towne had fine men imprysoned reserued for sacrifices :
which our men hauing taken away, hee humbly desired to haiie them restored, saving, you
bring destruction vpon me, and all this my kingdome, if ye take the slaues away from v-,
which we determined to sacrifice. For our Zemes being displeased when our sarriliris
cease, will sufVer all our coriie to be eaten with the wi-euell, or to bee beaten liownc
with hayle, or ct)nsumed with droiigth, or to be laid flat to the ground with violent
showers. Least therefore the inhabitantes of Cempoal should desperately reuolt (roni
them, our men chose the lesse euill for the present, .supposing it was no time to forbiil
them to vse their ancient Jc accoustomcd ceremonies, and therefore restored the slaues.

Althonjili

i>.llil''H , '.'Sit •'.

; \i\^

The fourth Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

Sir

Althniixh the I'ricstci promise thom ctcrnall glory, and perpctiiall delightes, and ramiliarity a pMiwnion oi
with the GckIcIh after the stormy daycs ol' thi** world : yet they hearken to these promiHCH with '"" '""""''•"•
heaiiic cheere, and had rather berdclitiered, then put to death. They call their PricNteit
({iiineN, in the sinKiilar number Quin, who line vnmarried, a pure and cha>*t life, and are
honoured with rcuerent fcare. They also hang vp the bonei of their enemies taken in the The Bonn of
wars after they haue eaten the flesh, bound toncther in bundelH, at the feete of their Zemes, hjn',Vd"v7for
as trophes of their victories, with the titles of the conquerours vnder them. They report also ""I'l"'!.
another thinj? worth the noting, which will bee very pleasing t" v'>urHolines»c. The Priesles Akindtofbip.
secnie to baptise children both males and females of a yeere ofde, with holy ceremonyes in w','ur,*iid
llieir temples, |)owring water crossc-wiHe out of a cruet vpon their heads, and although they •"«>'>i« thew.
viiderstand not their words, yet 'hey obserucd their murmur-i and ailions : neyther do they
as the Mahumctancs or Icwcs, ihinke their temples profaned, if anv of another sect be present
at their sacrifices, or ceremonyes. Wee haue now -pokcn sufficiently of their bookes,
rcniples, and riles and ceremonies of their sacrifices, let vs therefore proccede to the rest of
the presents brought to the Kmg.

The ninth Chapter.

Tllev brought also two mills, such as may bee turned about with the hand, the one of J'"'''''!''f'
gold, and the other ol siluer, solid and almo-^t ol one circumlerence and compasse : (to wit) kinj.
twenty ei;;ht spannes about. That of golde weighed ;iH(K). Ca-telanes. I sayd before, that
a Castelane is a coyiie of golde, weighing a I'lird part more then the Ducatc. In the center
of this mill, was an Image of a cubitc long, represe>'tin<; a Kit'g silting in a thrnane, cloathed
to the knee, like vnto their Zeines, with suih a roiintcnanrc, as we vse to paint hobgoblings
or spiriie- which walkc by night. The held or plaine without the center was florished with
bouijhes, flowers, and Icaues. The other of siluer was like vnto it. and almost of the same
weight : and both were of pure melt dl. T!icy brought also grainrs of gold, as they grew,
not molten, for proofc of natiue gohl, which were as big as Lintels, and small pulse. And
two chayncs of gold, wherof the one contayned eight linrkes, wherein 2.'J2. redd stones were
wet, but not carbuncles, and IKJ greene stones, which are of the same estimation there that
the best Kmerode> are with \s. At the edge of this chaiiie, hang twenty seuen golden bellesj
and bclweene euery bell foure iewcis set in gold, at euery one whereof golden pendants
hang. The other chaine h,id \. round lincks, beset with lO'i. red stones, & with 172 greene,
garnished with tit) golden belles. In the middle of the chaine, were 10. great precious stones
set 111 gold, at the which l.'iO. golden pendants hung, curiously wrought. They brought also
by chaunce 14. payre of leather buskins of diners colours, some cmbroydered with gold,
and some with siluer, and some with prei ious sKmes, both blewe, and greene. At euery of
of these hung golden belles: al.occrtaine myters, and attyres of the head full of diuers blew
precious stones sowed in them, like vnto Saphires. I know not what to say of the crests, Tht Indians
helmets, and fannes of feathers: if maiins witte or inueiilion eucr got any honour in such ^'""^'',,"'''"
like artes, these people may woirthily obfayne the cheile soueraingty and commendation. "uumn of
Surely 1 marueile not at the gold and precious stones, but wonder with astonishment with **"^"""''"'''
what indiistne and laborious art tiie curious workcmanship exceedelh the matter and sub-
stance. I beheld a thousande shapes, and a thousand formes, which I cannot expresse in
xvriting: so that in my iudgement I neuer saw any thing which might more allure the eyes
ol iiu'ii with the beauty thereof. The feathers of their foule vnknowne to vs, are most beau-
tiliill and shining. As they would admire our peacocks, or phesants traines when they sawe
them : so did wee wonder at their feathers, with the which they m.ike their fannes, and cre.sts,
and tri'iily beautilie all their worke. Wee sawe blewe, greene, yeallow, redd, white & brown-
ish, to be natiue colours in feathers. .Ml thoe.e insirmnents they make of gold. They brought
two helmets couered with blewe precious stones : one edged with golden belles, and many
jil.ites of gold, two golden knobbcs sustaining the belles. The other couered with the same
stones, but edged will 2.'). golden belles, cre>ied with a grc ne loiile sitting on the top of the
helmet, whose fccte, bill, and eyes were all of gold, and scucrall golden knobbes sustained

euery

;'»:■■

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iH^^v

'1':

'i' .

■pm

i m

' ''^ ;L''■t

.Stnclj Mjiii

VOYAGES, NAUrOATIONS,

Thffourlh Decade.

ciicry bell. AUn fouro trowt-upcarr* ihrre-rorkcd, rniiorcti oiirr with quillet, and plaiinl and
wrouglil in, of diiu'rt roloum, the teelh whrrcoCwere full of prccioiis utono, rn<«tnif(| u^^f.
ther with >;oldcn liirfcdcs iind wyarx. Thev bnninht aUo a jjreat Scepter beset with pwious
stones after tlie naine niaiiiier, wiih two uoldrn rinjje-. ami a bracelet of Rolde: niid ■dindr^ n|-
an llartH Hkimie, sowed with jioldcn wyar, with a white sole in the bottom, and a lookiii','
ffla^se of a bright utone, halfe blew andwliitc, *v\ i" j;olde. and l)y channceaNo they hrniij.!,^
n clecre transparent stone called Snhenjjitrs, Likewise a l.ysert set in j;iild, and two yuMi
•ihelirs, two >>(il(len diickes, ami liu- sundrv -shapes of diners birdes, and all of j,'olde, (oiirc
fishes called Ccphali of max-ie !;olil, and a rodd of copper. Besides targets for the warres, nnd
bucklers, 'i4, sjiicldes of ;rold, .•), of >iluer, whalsoeiicr tlu-y bronchi w.is curiously wnumln j,,
with feathers. Also a li^iit square tarjjet platted and wouen with quilles and featliers of dinrrH
colours, in the front whereof, the inidle of the golden plate was in^rauen with the pnrlraiturr
of the Idoll Zemes. I'oiire other golden plates in maner of a crossc inclose the lmaj;e, wlurm
were the proportions of iljuers 1)eastes, as Lyons. Tyners, nnd Woidiies, hauinj; their licid,
framed of twij{>;es, and little splints of timber, with the skinnes of the bcastes sowed \|i,iii
them, ijarnishcd with copper belles, and the shapes of diners other bcisfs exceedini; \\^\\
made of the whole skinne. Likewise j;rcat sheetcs of nossampine cotton, interniinf;l('(l wh],
l)lacke, while, and vcallow colours, checker wise, which is an ar^rnmenf, tliat they arc ;ii.
quainted with ( hes-e boards. One of these sheets, on the ri;;ht side was chetpiered wiili
Macke, white, ami red colours, and on the in»ide, all of one «dlour, without variety. Another
also wonen after the same manner, of other colors, with a blackc wheele in the middewt, full ol
raves and spots, with bright feather- intertiiixed. Two other white sheetcs also, Tapestrv
conerlcts, rich .Arras hanjiin^s, a little souldiers cloake or cassocke, such as ihry vsc to wcari'
in their conntrie, with certaine wonen coates which they wearc vnder the, and diners tiiinni-
li>>ht tyres for the head. I omilie many other thinges more beantifull to behold, then pred-
ous, which I snppn«e would be more tedious to your llolincsse, then delii;htfu!l to report : m
also the innumerable particolars of the disconercrs, concerning!; their labours, wantes, d;iii:.'rr..
monsters, and manv adiier-ities, whereof euerv one in their anotations lar>;ely discourse, wlmli
also .are read and r< j^istrcd in our .Senate of Indian allayrt's. Tlicsc fewe obseni.itions I \vmv
fjathered out of manv and diners of their bookes, and priuatc letters. Yet the brinaer-. ( '
tliesc presents, and L'eniinandns Cortes the Admirall, and author of erei tinj^ the new Colonv,
in those remote countries, were adlndj;ed by the kinjjs ('oiincellof India, to haue done a;;aiii.!
equity an:l ri'.^ht, lor that without the aduisc of the (ionernour of ('uba, who by tlie Kiii';.
autlmrity sent ihem forth, thev tooke the matter \ppon them contrary to his commaundcniciii
and that thev went (aliiiou^h it were tr) the Kiiif;) without his consent. Diecus Velasqur/
therelori', tlie (ionernour hy his procurator accuseth them as fuuititie theeties, and traitour-i t ■
the Kinu : but thev alled^je, that they h.ad performed much better scruice and ohedieme i ■
the Kin;;, and tli.ai tliev .ippealed to a iireafcr tribimal ami an higher Indite: aivl sav, that tlir,
furiiislu'd a nauie at tlu ir owne char'^e, and that the (ionernour liimsctfe |)arted with notliin^
\|)on other ternie-, then as ;i maicliant that \sas to receiue !;aine and profit hv his commodi-
ties, which they ;dle:id<;e, lie sold at afarre dearer r.ite. The (ionernour reqnireih to li;iii'
tliem punished by death, they desire m.ii;i>tra<'V and oflices of commannd, and reward l( i
the dana'^ers, and labours snstavned. Both the reward, and punishment are deferred : \ei
was it decreed, that both parlies shoidd be heard. Now let vs relume to the I)arieiieii«( >
the inlialiitaols of the j;iilfe of \'r.ibia in the snpposed Continent. Wee haue savd liecretoli'ri'
that Darieii is a rnier hillin;; into the West side of the f^ulle of Vrabia, N'pon the h.iiikc
whcreol' \\\q Spaniirdes ere( led a Colonv, e\]uilsinp; the Kin<; Cema< ( Us by force of araies;
and taili'd the name of the Colonv Sancta Mari.i .Aiiiiqn.i, bv occasion ol a vow made at the
time (d' the lit;hf To these (as wee meiiiioned in the ende of our Decades) the same vi'cre
wee ceased to write, I'iOO. men were sent Muler the conduct of I'etriis .Arias .\buleiisis, :it
the recpicst id" Wisqnes Nnnnes Balboa, who first di-couered the South Sea heeretolore vn-
knowne, and '/fiuerned the Darienenses : I'etrns ,\rias arriiiin>; at Darieii with ample au-
thority from the Kin^^ we cIcL-l.ired, that diners Centurions were sent forth diners wayeswiili

dilUTs

Vic .fourth DtcniU.

THAlTKiUKS, AND DISCOUIiRIF.S.

iliiKis ainipanic* of foofo: whcrriipon what follimrd I will bricHy «leliiicr, bccnimc all w.t«
liidioiiH ami (IrriiHiill, iV nnfhiiin pJoaMinj;. Since our Di-ckIc* cca»c«l, no oilier thin;, y^ai
iidcit sine to kill, niul be killed, to ttlaii^hter, and be NlaiiKlilcred. The ('allii)lii|iie tvii))(
rrealed V.ihcii-* H.ilbo.i Atlaiilado, who could not brooke the Hiiuerai){nly nnd coniiirninde nj'
I'clrii* Ariax, so that the diwHc itiuu betweenc them oucnhrew all. loliann*"* Cnpcdiw the
Dinhop, a pre.ichinn Fryer of the order oC S. Froncit mediated the matter betweenc them,
nnil pronii-ed to >;iue Vascpics the dauj;hter oC I'etruM Arias to wife. But no nieane* mi;'ht
In- li'iiiul to mak«' agreement betwcene these t\\n CoinmnnderM. They (all out much more
cruillv, in^oniudi tliat the matter came to that pas.c, that J'etnis Arias takin;r ocjanioii
aniiusf Vasduis throuj;h prtic<'H framed by llie manisiratn orthecitly, commauiuUd Vaschus
to he stri)nj{lcd, nnd .'i. other cheiic Commanders with him, «ayin){ that Vascjucs and his
(onl'iderales went dx ul lo rebeil in the South Sea, where Vaschus built a (Iretc or4. nhipps,
to KCircli the South siioriie ol' the suppostil Continent. And adirmeth, that to the .'(()() soul-
ciii'is he had with him (iiis companions in armes) hee should t>peake tliesc worde;i. What,
mv IVieiidcs and lellow souliiicrs, partakers with me oT so many lal)()urs, and duunj^crs,
kIkiII we alwaycs be subicct to anothers commaund ? Who can nowe indiire the intiolency
and pride or Ihi'' (roiu'rnour ? let vs Collow thene shoaresi whither Fortune Hhall conduct vn,
and amon^; so many Ivlisian prouinces of no huge a land, let vs chose one, where at letiulh
wee may leade the remnant of our life in freedome and liberty. Wiiat m:inne shall l)e able
to fiiide vs out, or hauinj; found vsdo vs violence? These wordes bein^' reported to the (Jo-
uernour, I'etrus Aria-, scndeth for Vascluis from tlie South ; Vaschus ol)eyeth his commaund,
and is cast in pryson, and yet denyeth that he euer ima)j;incd any such purposiv Where-
upon they Nought to produce testimony of the miMJcmeanours which he had committed: his
wonlrs ar(> repeated from the beginning, nnd he adiiul^red worthy of death, :;n(l was ex- vj<.|u(itx«.
oculed. So piiore miscralde Vascluis (men when he l)opc<l to oblavne greater titles) ended '^''"■''•
the labours and dani^crs which he had viider){«in. I'etrus Arias, Icauinj; his wife in b.iriena,
iinbark«'th hiinsflfe in the (lecle, to search ine coimiries IviiiL; cii the slmare : but whether
hee bee leturneti, we haiie yet no cerlaine intellin'-nce, so tliat I'ortunc playes her Jiart also
with him. Kir eueii now a'mther whose name w.is Lupus Sosa, bciii^ called home, from i.<i|ui .'«.<»
the fortunate llandes, where he had beene Viceroy a lonj; time, was made Cioucrnour of "|'jJ,'J,^'j^""*
Daiien : what stonacke Feirus Arias may haue, if he returne, let (jood men iudgc. There
was nuthini; done vnder his iinucrnmenf, woorihy of ^'''''y- *^" '''*•' ""•' '*•'''' ^^ ■'* blamed
for lieinn too reinisse, and nej^linent, and on the otiier, for being too filuourable, and nothing
seuere in correcting errors and di««)r<lers. Hut we hauc spoken enough of fhis matter: Now
let vs rrpcate some thinges rcmayning yet behinde.

The tenth Chajilcr.

or the great and dcepe riiicr Dal)aiba, calU-d by our men Crandis, which falleth into fheThfturr
\lteriiiost angle of the gulfc of \r.d)i i, by 7. ports or mouths as MIns into the ;Fs\ptiaii ''"'"'■'•
Sea, we h.iuc spoken .it largi" in i ur Decades. Tlie hilly countries thereof by repvrt of the
inh cbiiaiinles are \ery (nil of gold. Vaschus and other Commanders went foure times vp ucia.
tliis riucr armed in bnti lyle aray against the sire.'iine, with shippes of diners kiiuies : first
r.'iirlv IciUMiC'-', next lifts, then <'ij;ht\, ami :il an other lime iro^scd it, to search the secrets
el' D.ih.Til)! : but () wdiidcri'iill inisiiicife and iniNchaunce. A naked pi ii|il(- aiwaies uuer-
liiicuc till- ( Idlhcd nation, the \narmcd llu- arnieii, and si iiietiines kild them vtierv matine, or
wiundcd tliem all. They guc lo the warres with poysuned arrowrs, .md where thcv can see i'..u.ifj
l!ic hare lle>^he of llu ir enemies, they will not fa\ Ic to strike them there. They hauc likewise ■""*"•
darts, which in the time of light, they cast so tliicke a farre oil) itiat like a i loude thev lake i'"'"-
tlie light of thesunne fri'in their enemies: and hauc also broade • 'mlJcii swordes hardened \v.«iJiii iword«
ill the (ire, wherewith they fiercely (iglil liande to luiiulc, if they i , me to handie strokes, and l"'^'""^ ""*"
\ aM hu> himsrlfe sometime receiued iiiaiiy woiindes at their haiuUs. So the riucr of Dabai-
ii;i, and the kingilomc witc left \iiseareheil. It reniaviu'th, t\\M wee speakc somewhat of His- Hiii'im^i.
]).iiiiola, the motluT of the other Hands. In it, they hauc a lull Senate, and fine Iiidgcs added

Vol.. V. r II to

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*-"'4^M

.III

f '"111
J"

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I' (

330

VOYAGES, NAUIGATFONS,

The fourth Decade.

Thf roote
lucck

Hlspaniola dc-
cired to be a
free people.

He commendcth
the siiger (.'atieft
of Hiaj^anioU.

Plenty of rattle
aiiU Mondcitul
ittcrcjue ut corne,

Viuci.

to them, to giiie lawes to the people of all those tractes and Countries, but shortly they will
Icaue gathering of poldc there, although it abound therevvith, because they shall want
myners, and labourers. The miserable inhabitauntes ( whose hdpe they vsed in gatlicrinj;
golde) are brought to a very small number: consumed from the beeginning with crupn
warres, but many more with famine, that yccre they digged vpp the rootc lucca, wherewith
they made bread for their nobles, and ceased from sowing that graine Maizium their common
bread : the spots and pustels of that foule disease hccretofore vnknowne vnto them, in the
former yccrc 1518 which like rotten sheep inuaded the through a contagious breath or va-
pour, and withall, to speake truely, the greedy desire of gold in digging, sifting, & gathering
whereof, they cruelly vexed these poore wretches, who after the sowing of their seede, were
wont to giue themselues to idle sportes, dancing, fishing, or hunting of certaine conies, whidi
they call Vtia?, consumed the rest. But now it is decreed by all the Kings Councell, that
they be reduced to a free people, and giue themselues onely to increase or generation, and lo
tillage and husbandry : and that slaues else where bought, should be drawnc to that labnnr
of the gold mines. VVc haue spoken sulliciently of the deadly hunger of golde. It is a mnr-
ueilous thing to heare how all thingcs grow & prosper in this Hand. There are now twcniv
eight suger-presses erected in it, wherewith they wring out great plenty of suger. They sav,
that higher and greater suger canes grow in this Hand, then any where else : and that they
are .is thicke .-is a mans arme in the fleshy and brawny part, and of a mans stature, and an
halfc high. And which is more strange, Valentia in Spayne, where our Auncestors ni.idf
greate quantity of suger euery ycere, or wheresoeuer they take most care and paines about
their suger canes, and when euery roote bringeth forth sixe, or seucn sprouting canes at the
most : in Ilispaniola, euery roote bringeth twenty and sometimes thirtie. The plentie of
foure footed beastes and cattle is exceeding great : yet the raging thirst of gold hatii
hctherto diuerted the Spanyard from tylKige. Come increaseth wonderfully there, insomuch
(as they say) it hath sometimes yeelded more then an hundred fould, where they are carclull
to sow it in the hilles, or tops of the inountaynes, especially towardcs the North. But in
playneand open fieldes, it vanisheth to chaffe, by reason of the ranrknesse, and exccssjuf
moysture thereof. Vines also grow in those parts : but what shoiilde wee speake oi
the trees which beare Cassia-fistula, brought hether from the bordering llandes of the su|)-
posed Continent, mentioned in the bookes of our Decades? Whereof there is so great pleiiiie
now, that after fewe yeeres, wee shall buy a pound thereof at the Apothecaries, for the price
of one ounce, I haue spoken sufficiently in my Decides of the Brasil woodes and other pre-
rogatiues of this blessed Hand, and also of the benefits which nature hath bountifully bestow-
ed vppon it. I thought good also to repeate many things, because I suppose, the waight of
your important affayrcs, might happily diuert your Holinesse mind from the remembrance
thereof. And sauoiirj' and pic.xsing discourses, distort not the lippes by repetition, .so that ,i
precious matter be adorned with rich and costly attire. The matter deserued a garment
imbroydered with gold, and precious stones : but wee haue couered it with a fryars conle.
Let the blame therefore of my fault be imposed vppon tiie most rcuerent /Egidius Vitcr-
biensis that well de^eruing Cardinall of your Holines.se sacred Sea Apostolical, who iniovncd
mee, being an vnskilfull artificer to racit gold in a Smithes shopp, to frame costly iewelsand
ornamentes therewith.

I' ^

.a,|':J.

\:\ if i

HAs Petri Martyris salebras, & spineta qua potulmus cura, & induslria, iam tandem pn-
currimus, in quilnis traducendis si temporis mora tibi nimis longa videafur, qui poteras, (]iio(l
mihi oneiis imposuisti facilius subire, qui acuto polies ingenio, & arte meliore: jcquo iainc:i
animo, & amica fronfe feras, quod in hisce novi argument! libellis studuerim magis vcritali,
quam verbcrum ornamento, ant brcuitati,

M. Lock.

Tlie

Theftft Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

331

The 5. Decade of Peter Martyr a Millanoise of Angleria, dedicated to Pope Adrian

the sixt.

MOst holy father, and most gracious Prince, I dedicated my fourth Decade of the state of
India, to Pope Leo the tenth vour most bountifull Cosin germane : wherein we haue related
with great fidelity, and integrity what menne, Hands, or vnknowne landes haue beenc dis-
couerrd in the Ocean in our time, to the yere from the incarnation 1520. Since which time,
other letters came from Fernandus Ccrtes, Admirnil of the Hmperours fleete. Bent from those
countries, which he had then subiected to the Spanish dominion, wherein newe and straunge
matters were contayned, such as had neucr beene heard of before, very admirall and wonder-
ful]. All which, as briefly and truely as I could, obseruing the order of the matter and times,
1 haue pressed in this lift Decade of my Commentaries, which I dedicated to Pope Adrian
your prcdcccssour, and seeing he is departed this life before the receit thereof, as you are
iieyrc of his dignity, so be inheritour of my labours, as heereafter you shall bee of all, if I write
any thing worthy the historicall reading. I dedicate it therefore by name to your gracious
anil sacred maicsiy, that vndcr your happy protection and authority it may be published, &
ail men may know howo great an addition hath bin made vnto the name of Christ, since your
llolinesse came to the Papacy which the Almighty, (as I hope, and desire) for your piety,
and clemencies sake, will infinitely increase. Proceede therefore, as you haue begunnc, and
make pcrpetuall peace betweene Christian Princes, especially betweene the Emperour, and
the most Christian Princes, which are at variance with him, and aduance the standarde of the
hcalthfullCros.se against the impious enemie: and so leaue cternall monuments of your
name, and fame to al posterity, which no time shal euer be able to dcfice. In the end Hebrsinihii
thcrl"i)rc of the former bookc, (that we may relume to our purpose,) mention was made of the""""""'
most mighty King Nfuteczuma, who in an huge citty, seated in the middle of a salt lake,
called Tcnustiiane, raigned farre, and wide ouer many citties, and kinges of diuers Prouinces,
from whom (as we mentioned before) prcsentes of wonderfull excellency were sent by the
Spanvardcs Montegius and Portucarrcrius to ti>e Emperour Charles abiding at Vallidolet that
most famous towne of Spaine. But in the mesne space while Cortes expecteth the returne
of the messengers hee sent to the Emperour, least through idlenes the souldiers should
become diil! and sluggish, hee determined to execute his intended voyage. That great and
mighty citty therefore becing pacified and quieted, which in the former booke of my
Decades, I say was called Potenchianuin vndcr King Tauasco, was presently after called
Victoria by our men, by reason of a victoric obtained there against an huge multitude of
llarbarians. From whence Cortes w Mit some 80. leagues to the West, and there planted a
Colonic vppon the shoare, some fowe leagues from another citty within the lande, named Tht Colony
Zcmpoal, necre the riuer of (irisali::!, and about" halfc a league from the village, vpon a little ■^'^r**'-
rising hill, named Chianistan : but hee called his ownc Colony Vera Crux, because he landed veraCruj.
vpon the Eeue before the feast of the Crosse. From thence Cortes determined in perso to
vnderstand what was reported of so great a King, as he had heard Muteczuma was, and what MuKciumn
rumour went of so huge and v.ist a citty. Cortes thought and purpose being vnderstood, the ""^ '^ '"
inhabitants of Zempoall bordering vpon Mutec7.uma, who by violence yeelded him subiection,
yet becing deadly enemies vnto him, consulting together, went vnto Cortes, as the Haedui,
and Sequani, after the Ileluetians were vanquished, came humbling themselues and weeping
vnto the Emperour, for the insolent and outrageous tyranny of Ariouistus King of the Ger-
nianes: so did the Zempoalcnses complaine of Mutec/uma, & much more greiuoitsly, in
that, besides the heaiiy tributes of other prouinciall reuenues, which they yeerely gaue, they suurnanjfct
were compelled t(» giue vnto Muteczuma slaues, and for want of them, to giue him some of J^" |!|'„jj|','in ^
their owne children in stead of tribute, to bee sacrificed to their godds. For wee haue sayde, r'^J '" '"''""
and it is well knowne vnto your llolinesse, that in all those countryes they ofl'er vp mans J^ i,jj'",til!"'d.
blood to appease their angry godds, as heereafter shalbe declared more at large. The Zcm-
poalenses therefore promise to giue Cortes pledges for their fidelity, and auxiliary forces
(valiant and couragious warriours) against the Tyrant because they hope (that God, creator of

U u 2 Ilcauen

1 1

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'&'.■ ;*

a'?8

Thf Conceit
that thr Barbi-
tijni h.ulofthe
Clirutuiii.

A digression to
answer an ubiec<
tion.

The trrif At-

tiilrry .nd inftl
<in h ,tsc S.ck
how tiTiiblc to
the B^tbiiuni.

A r..Hicie of
L'ortcf.

\'OYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Tliejift Decade.

Iloauen and earth fauoriiiRe them, of whom our men made report, and also safely brake
downe their parents Images which they worshipped before) they shall free the citty from so
eriiell a Tyrant, and restore liberty to the wiiolc Frouinre, otherwise most ft)rtunate, ilCurtps
would pitty this their ko great calamity, & meete with their cruell iniurie^: and they further
say, they doubt not but they shal get the victory because they thought Cortes and his con-
sorts were sent from Heauen, seing they were so mild vnto the conquered, and such
destroyers of them that rtfusetl amity with them, or being fcwe in number, that they durst
stand, and resist so great a sortc of warrionrs as the power of the Potcnchianensioans \va<.
For «)ur men in that battayle disfranked md oucrthrcwc 4{KHl(>. armed men (as your IK lines
hath often heard of them who were present thereat, and hath likewise read it in letters sent
from the cheifc Commaunders) with no more then oOO. foote. Hi, horse and some f;rpat
ordinance. Ileere we must make a litle digres-^ion to another sort of men, who are of x,
slender and base a courage as they take those thint;s for fables, which tiiey think to l)<.
without compasseof their strength. These men will writh the Nose, when tlie) shall \ndfr-
stand that so many thousands of the enemye were ouerthrown by s" small a number ol
souldiers. But two things may cutt their canilles a-:umler. The one In an example, the oilu i
the strangencs of the thing. Haue they not read that the Empcrour with les-(e force concpicrnl
the mighty .^rmiesof the Heluetians, then of Avionistus, and lastly of the Iiclu;.T ? ])\d not
Themistocles vanquish Xerxe kinge of the I'ersiaiis and slew his army at Saiamina (who is
n'porled to haue inuaded Grecia with so great a multitude, that lii-i army hauinge |>it('l)rd
their tentes, desirous to dine, drinking riuer water, drew their chancl«i drye) when he had no
greater a power then I'?, thousand (irerians so that the Kinperor being scarce able to (He,
escaped with one shi|)pe onely ? Besides, our menne hadd twoe scucrail kindcs of fi^lu,
ncuer scene before to those Barbarians or eucr henrde of, which with the oncIy siuht ihercnr
compelled them to runn away, to wit, the thunder of the ordinance, & the (lame and
sul|)luiry smell is>iuinge from the great artillery which they suppn-icd to bi' thunder and
lightning, bnui-iht by our menn from heauen. Neither were they lesse terrilicd tluon:;!!
the approach of the hor«es thinkinge the manne on horsebacke and the liorse to haue bi;in Init
one be."st, as fables report of the C'entaures : neither did it alwayes suiceede well and liappilv
witii our menne, who had often vndergone Kic like haz/anles themseliics, insomuch, tliat liic
Barbarians haue sometimes destroyed whcde armyes of our men and haue vlterlv refused lo
intcrfaine strangers and giiestes. But I nnist now returne to the intended Nnvage, Ironi
whence I diuertcd. The oration of the Zempoalenses being ended, and interpreted by
Ilieronimus Aquilaris, who tossed to and froe with wanes had 7. veercs togctiier Ictl a seruilc
life, vnderthe power and commande of a certaine King of whom I haue at large made men-
tion in the bookc goinge before this Decade Cortes departe<l from \"<Ta Crux, leauin;;o
!'}(). men there, for d«'fcnse of that (\)Ionv tV so marched forward with l.'i. horsmen only,
.VtH). fonlc and 4<K). auxiliary Zempoalenses to avde him in the warrs : yet first, he com-
maunded all the ship[)cs (wherein he had brought his army) to be suiike vpo pretence that
they were rott<n : but lie hinj-^dfe confesseth the ( ause, to be this, to wit, that thereby he
might rtmoue all hope of flight from the ,<inKiiei-s, seeing he h:id determined to settle hiin-
selfe in tlio-e ccuntryes & niaVe his perpetuall dwellinpc there. Yet tlie souldiers for (lie
most p;irt seemed to ihinlu <itlicrwi>-c : for ihey feared bv the examj)le of many <d" their
companidns who were ofieii slaughtered I)y the HarbariaiK, least tlie >amc might happen lo
tliein, that bciuL; but few in number, llicy should be bruusrht to infinite nations, and th(i«e
wai like, and armed people. .NtTcouer i-iary of ihc were tlic familiar', i<: frendes of lacohn^
N'elasque/ Gouernour o! fhe Hand of I criiaiuiin.i, which is Cuba who doircd to obev iheir
okl cuMi.Muler afrer ihey ^hiM reiurnc frcni the search and \icwe of strange couiitrv(s.
.Many of these .'at what time Cortes dispntchtd a sliip with the presents to tite F.mpcronr,
witJKiUt acqnainlinge lacibus Velasqui/ tlu'rewiiii) altepted lo steale awav with a lirii;:in-
tine, to sigiiitje the departure of y ship, y laving al pass.ige both bv sea, and lad he miirlit
f.'ike her wherc\j)on Cortes apprehended foure and punished them as guiltie of treason.
Their names were lohn Scutifcr, lacobus Zenneijnus, Gonsak:s Vmbria, all I'ilottes, together

with

Tliefif* Decade. TIlArPIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 333

with Alphonsus Pcgnatiis. The shippes iherefore being siinke, and the rest terrifyed (by
the example of these foiire) from further thought of my departure, he tooke hiH>iourney vpon Cortu tAti hi<
the l(i. day of Au^^ust, 15)9. to that great citie Tenustitan standing vppon a lake, an Ihc'ereVcuie'''
hundred leagues distant to the West, from the Castle of Vera Crux: And had with him of '"'"«■"'>•
from the Zcmpoalenscs three {irincipall Commanders, called Teuchius, Manexus, and Ta-
maius. That citic, and ht. neighbour townc named Zacarami, gaue him 1300. men,
whose heipe our men vscd for caryage of their biirdOs, in steede of pack-horses, as the
manner is in those countryes. Nowe therefore least matters should slightly bee omitted,
I air to declare, what befell Cortes in that iourney. As he was vppon the way, it was told
liim that an vnknowne Mecte wandrcd along that shore : & as lie vndcrstoodc, it was Fran- ivancu.
(i.-itis Ciaraius (Jouernour of the Uande lainaica, who also sought a place to erect a*""'^'
newt' Colonic, Wliercrorc Cortes sendcth messengers to Ciaraius, and oflbrcth him entcr-
lavnment at his Colonic of Vera Crux, and such sujiplie as he had there, if hce wanted any
thing: but whither he did tins iwllitikly or no, wc shall hcreartor knowe. Garaius refusctl'
it : & by the Kinges Nccretary, and witnesses iu'c j)rc)tcstcth to Cortes, that he ycclde him
halfe part of all those countryes, am) assigne limitcs to diuide their iiirisdiction. Cortes
ilenyclh his demaunde, and commanded the Sccretarie and witnesses set from Ciaraius to
be spoyled, :.nd taking away his owne mens olde raggs gaue tiicm as many new gar-
ments f(>r them. Garuius vrged him no furlhcr, but departed; being about to goe to
other countryes, of the same sliore. Tor (Vom lamaica, (the gouernment whereof was
committed vnfo bin) ) he also in three Carauclles, ilic \eere beeForc, ranne along the Sea
coastcs of that landc wliich lohannos Pontius called Fh.rida, (of whom I liauc spoken at ?•<«''''•
largo in the former Decades) Init with ill surcc-^se. For hce was ouerthrowne by the in- The vnhnprie
habitauntrs, who slewe the gre.ifost p:irt of his mennc. The like also iiappened to lohunnes |,j^"tsVumlus.
I'onlins, ihe lirstc (inder of Florida. Uecing ol'icntymes repulsed by the inhabltauntes, hec
was so W(<un(led at the length, that returning to Cuba to cure himselfe, & his wounded men,
he presently ilicd there, liut Ciaraius s^'arching those shores after the death of lohannes
ToiUius, saith h'-e fnunde Florida, to be no Hand, but by huge crooked windings & turninges
to bee ioyned . 'lis in.nyne C-'ontinent of Tenustitan. Garaius sayling to those shores, light
vpon a riuc , 'u, into the Ocean with a broade mouth, ai.d from his ships, discryed
manv \illage . .•• with reedes. A king whose name is Panuchus posscsseth both sides
of that riucr, f"k [I v'.ch the country also is called Paimcha. This king is reported to be P""''''-
siihicct to the treat king Mntec/.uma, and to paye him tribute. Free libertie of trading was
ni't permiltcil tlicre, and as wee gather by the Chart or map which Garaius his j)ainters
hroujiht, it tuMideih like a bow, so that descending from Tenustitan, to the North, it
licndcth alwayts more and niore to the middle of a bowe. And presently againe it
liendeth by litle and litle to the South, so that if a line be stretched from the shore of
'Iciiii-tiian, to that parte of the lande which lohaiuics Pontius fir^t touched, from the North
side of Fcrnandina, it will make the string of the bow. Garaius thiuketh that coast to he very
litle prolitable, because ho sawe tokens &: signcs of small store of goldc, and that not pure.
Wherefore he wished rather to erect a Colony not farre from Sancta Crux the Colony of
Cortes, but he forbad him. For in that place ("ortes himselfe planted another, which he^hfC.l^l;
railed by the name of Almeria, from Almcria a citic of the kingdomc of Graiudo standing on '^'"'""
liie Sea shnre, which luit many yeers since was recouered fro the Moores by warlike prow-
c'nsc. These things being thus done, Cortes pursurth his entemled purpose. And hauing
iii.irched foure dayeji iourney, forwarde from Zempoal, came into a I'rouince nameil
.Sinciichimalarem, whiche is a playne hauing onely one citie or towne, seated on the side of smcuchin4-
a litle rising hill, exceeding stronge and fortified by nature. There is no other accesse vnto [;';'„'™ ' '^
it, but bv two scales or greeces, made by mans hande, harde to clime : which is the scale, and
lou'C of the King of that small Prouince Iribiitarie to King Muteczuma. It is amost IVuitc- '

full rronince, euery where in the playne full of many townes and villanes, eiiery one of them
mniayning .'<()0. or 400. houses, but countrey cottages. The Nobiliiie (as it I'alhih out
ftiery where) dwell with their Kinge. This king pe.iceably entertained our meiine in his

tiiwnc.

;'*. 1 /

if'l..!

\ '< '

. I '(

■ . , ■ ■ 1" ■ ?■ ■ur ■

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>.;^l ;,!t|

'( ■<

'n h'

it i i-' il ' • f

' '" if ' ■

• 1

4; If'

334

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

TlieMt Decade.

A high moun*
taint.

Triunacum a
;owne.

A happen
^rdtcjted to
lUulU

Tht Pott of
.»ood.

Cacatamtnus wA
*)ii Court.

iIut(C2um.i
thought to be
lord of the
world yet ac-
knowledged to be
lesie thenThem-
peror.

1. pely kingei
bnngc presents
10 Cuites.

TaKulttca a

tuwuc.

The magnani-
TDltie uf thii
feoflb

towne, and fed them well, aflirming that Muteczuma charged him so to doe. Cortes sayetli,
hee will report it to Muleczuma and giiie him thankcs, and further sayth that hce came out
of his owne Empire and dominions to see him. Cortes departing from this kinge, went to a
most high moiintaine inclosing the end or boundes of that proiiincc. Cortes aflRrmetli, aiu!
they that came from it confesse, that no mountaine in Spayne is higher, and that passing oner
it in the Moncth of August, they indured sharpe and bitter cold, by reason of the congealed
snow & continuall Ice. In the descent of these mountaines, they enter another plainc, at the
beginninge and entrance whereof standeth a towne named Texunacum, this also is a most
fniitfull plaine, and fortified with many villages and towers, and all of them subicrt lo
Muteczuma. Being gone out of that valleye two dayes iorney, weakened & spent with
hunger and cold they passed ouer barren countries without water, and therefore desolate, and
not inhabited. Through that distemper, and a violent storme of winde and mine, with
lighteninge and thunder many perished. From thence they came vnto a calmer Mountainc,
on the topp whereof stoode a Chapell dedicated to their Idolls. Before the Chapell dnrc«,
w,i3 an exceeding great stacke of wood. At certainc times of the yeere, euery one offer in
their godds pvles of woode, together with the oblations which are to be sacrificed: Who
thinke thereby they appease the angry gods. The Spaniardes call the opening of the inoim-
taine toppes, Porles. so from the same efllict they called that passage the Port of wood
Descendinge from that Mountayne, they enter into another valley fruitfull and inhabited,
whose Kinge is called Cacataminus. The Kingcs Courte is all of stone, very groatr
made with halles, and many Chambers, after our fashion, and seated vppon the hankc
of a pleasant riuer runninge through that valley. This kinge honorably it tertained vs,
and being demaunded whether he were at Muteczumas commaund, he answered, & wlm
is not ? seeing Muteczuma is Lorde of the world. But demaunding of him what hce
thought of our King, he confessed he was greater, whom Muteczuma also himselfe
would obey. Our men instantly requiring to know whether hee could get any gold, lie
confessed, that he had gold, but that he would not giue it to any, without Muteczumas
consent. So they durst not compcll him to giue them any least they should discpiiot
Muteczuma bccing firre of. Two other borderinge Kinges persuaded through the fame of
our nation, came vnto Cortes and either of them brought him a seueral chainc of gold, hut
of smale weight, and no pure mettall, whereof the one had dominion 4. leagues vp the riucr,
and the other two leagues downe the sireame. They say that bcth sides of the riuer .irp
euery where fortified with houses which haue gardens, and country farmes lying betwcriie
them. They report that the Princes court, who hath his house vp the riuer, is not itilfrior
either in greatnes, excellency, or strength, and that there is a Castle here neere vnto hi.i
court, inexpugnable, and most exactly bi.ilt with bulwarkes and turretled walles. Thi'
report goeth that this Kinges towne consisteth of 50tX). houses, & some say 60(X). but thcv
told vs not the name thereof. Our menn were also well entertained by this Prince : win
is likewise subiect to Mufctzuma. IVom this kinges lodginge Cortes sent 4. mes')en!;t'r> i^
the next towne called T.iscaltec3, to souiide the myndes of the inhabitants, whether tlni
would be plea.sed, that hce should come vnto them because he had heard that the T-isciIii-
cancs were a warlike people, and deadly enemies to Muteczuma : Whereupon hee stavdf 'L
dayes with his king, 6;;pecting the messengers. Muteczuma could neuer perswiulc the
Tascaltecanes to admitt any lawe from him, or that they should obey him, insomuch that ihcy
alwayes brought vp their youth in the hatred of Muleczuma, by meancs whereof fdr nini)v
yeares together they wanted salt and gossampine cotton wherewith to make garments, bciii;'
inclosed on euery side with Muteczumas countries, and could not eNewhere procure these nc-
cessaryes. They say, that they had rather Hue with greafe want of things necessary, free fro the
slauery & seruilude of Muteczuma, then to become his vassells, & subiects. In this nn\
they say there arc many nobles, Lords of villages, whose heipe the comon wealth ol y
Tascaltecanes vseth, making the captaines & Commanders in the warrs. They will
haue no Lords. If it arise in any manns minde, to be desirous to raise an he.ide, ii
woulde draw to a worse mischicfe vpon that citizen, then the Ilcluctiancs inflicted vpon

Orgentoritcs,

The fft Decade.

THAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

335

Orgentorites, aflTecting Empire and soiieraigntie, and perswading the Princes and
chiefe of tlie Hedui, and Scquani, to do the liive. The Taacaltecanes are iust & vpright
in their dealing, as they foiid by experiece afterwards, wherof hereafter we wil speake at
large. Cortes therefore expecting the messengers, and none of them returned, departed
from that towne, yet spent eight dayes in that valley, and diners villages thereabout. In
the mcane space the Zempoalenses goe about to perswade Cortes, to procure the
amifie and friendship of the Tascaltecan common wealth, declaring how great helpe he
iihould finde in them against the power of Muteczuma, if at any time hee attempted to
doe any thing against them. Whereupon he remoued thence towardcs Tascalteca. In his
iourney he founde another valley, which a wall of 20. foote broadc, and a mans height and Awaii btri,:,;.
an halfe high, ouercrossed from both the bottomes of high mountaines standing on either jXcanv" ^"
side. In the whole wall there was but one ga'e, ten paces wide, built with diuers crooked
turninges, least the sudden inuasion of the enemie might assault them wandering & vnpro-
uided. The wall appcrtaied to the Tascaltecancs, made for that purpose, least the Mutec/u-
mans shold passe through that valley, whether they woulde or no; The inhabitantes of the
valley behinde them, accompanying Cortes, as Guides to direct him the way, admonished
and pcrswaded him, not to goe through the borders of the Tascaltecancs, saying they were
deceitfull, breakers uf their fidelity and promise, and enemies to all strangers, and such as
recciued inlertainment from them, and further that if they tooke any, they were deuourers of
their enemies : and therefore they woulde conduct Cortes and his coiripanions al the way
through the countreycs of Muteczuma, where by Muteczumas commaundement, they should
haue whatsoeucr they could wish or desire. On the contrary parte the Zempoalensian
guides, Tcuchius, Manexius, and Thamaius, and some of the chiefe of Zacatamini who had
a thousand warriours, were most of the same opinion, who aduise him by any mcancs not to
trust the tributaries of J Muteczumans, ^ our me were to be drawn by ^ Mutec/.uman guides,
through plarci), full of dangers, and passages fit for ambushment : and that he shoulde
beware of the deceit of the Muteczumanes, they earnestly besought him : promising that
they woulde be his guides through the open countries of the Tascaltecancs. Resohiing
therefore to followe the counsell of the Zempoalensians, and Zacatamini, hee taketh his
iourney through the Tascaltecane iieldes. Cortes himselfe went beefore the bandes as they Corm sfmiti
marched, with the horse, of the which, he drewe forth two, and sent them before as scoutes, i.'im'.'" '"'""
who if they sawe any imminent danger before their eyes, they might take notice thereof, &
comming backe, signilic, that they must prepare theinselues to tight. The horsemen being
sent before from the toppe of an high hill some foure miles of, by chaunce discouered cer-
tnine armed men lying in ambuscado in the next plaine, nowe n the iurisdiction of the
Tasraltccincs. As soone as they sawe the horse, supposing the man and the horse to be Mmy immi
but one beast, stricken with feare at such an horrible sight and strange apparition, they fled "aUjc'/,,'s''',,^jJil
away or dissembled flight. Our men make signes of peace, and cal them backe againe as bush diKoutrcd
they fled, beckening, and waning to them with their handes. Of many, 15. of the onely *[''„", howl"
make a siande : hauing an ambuscado hard by. The two horsemen that went before, cal the "'"<•
rest of the horse, and bidtle them make spcede. A litle further about 400(). armed men
issue foorth of the place where they lay hid, and begin the figlit with our men, and in the The Tasdie-
twinckliiig of an e\e kill two horse with their arrowes. Our foote companies goe vnto fi'^",/*"""
them, and set vpoii the enemie, who being wounded with arrowes and arquebus shot forsake
the battaile. They slew many of them, but not a man more of ours either slayne or wouded.
The next day following, messengers were sent to Cories to desire peace: who brought ThtTnaitf.
two of the mcsgengcp" with them whom Corlcs expected a long tyme : they intreate pardon pij'telj" '
for that they had done, and make excuses : saying, that they had forraigne souldiers that
day, whiche they coulde not restraine, and that it was done against the power & abilitie
which the Princes of that Prouince hadde to withstande it : and that they were readie to
pay for the horses, and if any other dammage were done, they otVered recompence. Cortes
ndmittcd their excuses. Marching some three mylcs thence, lice inraniped on the side
of a ccrtayne ryuer, and appoynted his niglitlic watdies, shrewdK nii'^lrustiiig the Barb.nrians.

! |-!l'

> I

>; i!.

^'ma

336

VOYAOES, NAUIGATIONS,

2>.c Jifi Decade.

.jiiHh'::

fi!

I ,.,

. i tii

■I i

Thf TancjltP.
cans make fight

ICOC03 l\nlia-
ri.ins in ainhush.
A di.ul.tfiill

takrti.

A huge army C'f
thr I'iscdUriiii

Greati; and ad*

miralilc ..re the
rffptts of te-
• olvf.l 'Hindi \f
urjrd hv cx'.if-
initie.

Th' T.., altf.
fnns tiaiif par-
don and bring
prt:ci,(i.

As .snonc as dny began to nppcarc, he went to the next village, whore (of the r<nirc mes-
sengers he scut to souiide the inhabitantes mynds) he found two of tliem had bin taken by
the inhabilanlcs & bound with cords, Init breiking them by night tiiey escaped. It w.n
determined, that the next day they shnuldc bee slaine: this they ihemselues reportcil.
While he thus stnvde, behnUlcathousande armed men vnexpected, filling theayrc with thrir
horrible clamors, cast their lauelins, and many sortcs of dartes at our men a farre of: hm
Cortes endcuorcd with fairc speeches to allure them, yet it prolited nothing. They slanKic
vnto them by interpreters, that they pronokc not our men : but the more gentlely he dealt
with them, the more insolent, and oiilragious was the Harbarians. At length they rctyrcd,
and by liile and litle drewe our men pursuing them, loan hidden ambuscado of armed men,
about some hundred thou.xande as Cortes hiinselfe writcfh. The barbarians issue ftidiili,
and comjiassed our men on euery side, so that they fought with doubtfull surresso fnim m,
houre before noone vntill the eiiening. In that battayie the Zempoalcn.'ies, /neutamini,
Istaiinastitani, and the rest of the inhabitantes, who folowcd Corte*, behaued theniM'Im-i.
valiantly, compelled through extreme necessiiie: for being inclosed vithin the countries ril
the Tascaltccanes, there wa-* no wav open for flight. The onlv hope of tlieir safty was, i,,
des|)aire of saftv. Yf they h.id bin vanquished, thev had made the Tascaltccanes a daintic
baii()ut't with tlieir flesh. lor the < ouquered become focnle to the conquerours. Wluir-
fore the Tasc.iltecanes trusting in their tnulfiluilc be<;an nowe to licke their li[)pes, Ihrrtii;;!;
hope of (laiiilie and dclicaie calcs, when thev vnder^toode a forraine nation had enlrcl il>-
limits of their borders. Hut it fell out otherwi-e with fhcm : for Cortes had sixe lielde pertt.,
and as many arquebus shot, foiirtie archers, & I'j. horsemen intermixed with them, wailik(
engines anil instruments \nknown to (he Barbarians. Wherefore that cloud of ^,a^bari.uls^^a,
nowc at length dispersed : yet hee ])assed that night without sli-epc (in a certain ch.ippc!;
in the field ci'iiseerated to Idolatrv) nnich troubled it disquieted in mind. Hut at \ /irsi
dawning of the day, he came forth inli» the opi' field with all his horse an hundred foole dl
his ownc and '.HH) of the Islacmaslifan Prouincialles : for that towne Ist:icn)a<fitan also \wniv
ably receiued Cortes, and gaue him ■'{()(). men f)r his xupplv and avdc ajviinst Mutec/iiiivi,
He tookc al.so of the Zempoalenscs, and their next neighbours fourc hundred men, leaning
the rc<it to guarde the campcand the carriages, and ouerranne al the enemies phiine, liiniii
fine \illai;es, made haiiocke and *po\ Ic of whatsocuer he met with: and brought 40(i.
captiues to the Campe. Hut at the lir^t twilight, before the morning be^an to wa\e re i.
behold sucli an infinite number of the enemie, ran \inlentlv to the Cam[)e, that they secnu I
to couer all the fieldes. They write, that there came I.J(KXK>. armed men thither, who f(iiij:ht
furiou-ly at the fortilirafions <i( the eam|)c. Tliev sav thev incountered hand to hand f t Iho
space of foure h. ures with ureat hn/ard of our me: but the Harharians relvrcd witlvi:!
doing any thing, for none there, enulde lurne their baekes. OflVarelDll ^lieejx'. e.ich mr, i
then tooke a I., on- courage witli him I'he enemie being jint to fii^hl. Cnrte-- like a l\.;rr
great with yt ung, marchtd forth njainst these travtors, who here and tliere were nowe
relnrnd to their houses. So w.isting, dcxtro^in ;, taking, or killin'j:, all he nut he came \iiti
a towne of .{("O. houses (as thev report) and aboue, .ill which he dcstro\ ed with Tver r 1
sworde. I'his hr-in'.; thus done, the I'rouinri.illcs smitten with pxceedin'j; tern or and Ica.-c,
sent the Nohilitv c>f that connti v Fmba-i^admirs vnto Corie-. 'fhev crane pardon lor th.r
which is past, and promi«ir th.it hereafter thev woiilde bee obedient to his eoniniaimde, a-ii
receiue what I.iiwes vii-icinr in the name of that greafe King of whonie Ciirio's so inti(he
gioryctii. I'l r pro( I'e v. heririf, ihcv brou!;hf pre^entes such as were honourable and ef
esteeme with t!:cm, to witie, lielmetfe« ;ui(l plumes of feathers, ( orn:irneiiles fr (he \\.irre^'
cnriiuisly wnmglu with wtH-nderhill ait. Thev brought also necossarie protii-^ion of viiiiiill,
as of enrne, and plcniie <d' cranmu'd foulc, after their manner. !•' r wee h iiie savde hernie,
ind your Ilfilinc'.se hath heard i( reported, that thev niavntaine eert-nine foulc aniopi; then'
(in steede of our henncs'i n,-cnter then Peacockcs, and nothing inferior to them in tnM.

Ihe

^.^

nefift Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.
The second Chapter.

337

HAuinge heard what the Embassadours would deliucr, he greatly accuseth their Lnrdcs
and masters, yet offereth them pardon for the former dammage they had done : & to
admitt them into his amity and friendship, so that hereafter they carry themselues faithfully
in the obedience of the King of Spaine. The next day after, 50. men of the nobilitie came
vnarmcd vnto him (vnder color of intertaining amity) to espy the entrance of the campe.
When Cortes sawe the view the situation of the campe with fixed eye, & troubled counte-
nance, he began to suspect. Separating one of them therefore from his felowes, hee lead-
cth him aside, and by a faithful Interpreter exhorteth him to confcsse the truth, who being
intiscd through promises, and flattering speaches, openeth the whole matter. He saith that
the chicle man of that prouince Quesitangal by name, lay in ambushmcnt with a great power
of armed mcnne, to assault the campe vnawares the next night : and for that purpose his con-
sorts were sent vnder pretence of peace, that they might vnderstand where to make the
assault, or which might be the easiest way to the boothes which our menne had erected,
(that they might not lodge all night in the open ayer> that so cntring them, they might set
tlicm on fire, and while our menne were busied in aching the same they might assault
them, and put them all to the aworde : for (saith he) we will tempt fortune with crafty de-
uises, and stratagemes seeing they were alwayes ouerthrown so vnhappily through warlike
prowesse. Cortes vnderstading this, desired more fully to knowe the truth of the matter.
Wherefore hee brought other 5. of the same company into a secret place a part, and threat-
ened to torture the, & oflered the liberall rewardes, in conclusio all of them (without diflTer-
cncc ) cofcssed ^ same y the first man did. But, befor j' report of this inquisitid shuld be spread
he tooke those 50. cuery man : & cutting of their right hads set the back to their master ^- <pi« «";
with this message. Tell your Princes thus, that it is not the part of valiant men, or such p^ctl^'itii"^
as are renowned for warlike prowesse, to bringe their purposes to passe by such treacherous "i"'' "Bh' ,
dcMiscs. As for you the instruments of treachery who came enemies vnto vs in steede of
ncgociators, rccciue this punishment of your wickednes, that hauing your right handes cutt
off, ye rcturne vnto the who chose you to be authors of so mischieuous and foule a deed.
Tell them, wc wilbc ready, what houre soeuer they come, whether they assaile vs by night
or set vpon vs at noonc daye : so that they shall well know what those fewe are, whom they
scckc to disquiet. They goe, and report what they snwe, and shew what they had suffered.
In the eucning, an huge and turbulent multitude of Barbarians, divided into two seueral
copanies came vnto them. Cortes thought it much better to medle with them in the open
ilay, when by (he light he mi>;ht shewc the Barbarians the sterne countenance of his horse,
\ nknowne to ihf, & the force of the furious artillery, then to expect night which bringes a xht tntmits
thousand dangers with it, especially to those that set footing in Strang countries, ignorant of j''™,"J"]^',|^^"

the places, if they be cupelled to change. Seeing the horses and fury of the great ordi- niiiicd n th.:
' " .... . ..... . — . ... jj^g ^^j ^j^p

diiuncc and

nance, and stricken with fearc at the noyse thereof, at the first incounter the Enimy retires ™"' "'

to the st.iilinge come, whereof the fields at that time were very ful, so being dispersed, tiic.
thry sought to hid thciiNcIiies. Their come (as I haue oftc said) is Maizium. Hereupo
ihc) >;aue Cortes free liberty to wander : yet for ccrtaine dayes he durst not put his heade
out of the Campe. About some league from the C^mpe they had a citty of the enemy
which at tile sound of a trumpet assembled an innumerable multitude of souldiers.
For Cortes himself writcih, and they who came fro thence are bold to say that this citty
Tascaltcca consisteth of 'iOOO. houses. At length being certified by spies, y the inhabitants of dmcs takcih
that grcate citty were vnprouided, and secure, he suddenly Inuaded it in the second watch [„'^fi,J"' ^
of the night, and set \pon them either wandringe or being asleepe : by ineanes whereof he
posscsseth the strongest i)lace thcrof At the first dawning of the day, the chicfe men come
vnto him 8c humbly intreat him to doe the no hurt & sweare to obey his command. They
bring with the plenty of their countrie victualles, as much as Cortes would desire, where
vppon Cortes returned victor to the Campe, where he foundc the company much moued ^ ""''"'< '"
against him, because hee brought them, where they might not rcturne, and therefore p,,ai"
VOL. V. X X sayd

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VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

TheJift Decade.

Cottfs 111* hriut
f-r.iiiim to thf

\'iew hrTt the
nii'tibility of a
niultitudf.

Zrutfgal !cJi
FmSaiwdourlto
^'orlfS with
I loniise ol' lub-

Cortf! ^rc'Tit*
Hi hv ft. t>f il.c
kind'rtd i.l Mu-
Itczuma wilh
iich giftci.

sayd they would goc no further, for fhcy roulil by no meaner escape, but shouKI
shortly bee slayne eucry man, seeing they sawe themsehics compassed on euery side
with such fierce warriours, and that ihcy should perish cither with (amine or colde, after
they had escaped the weapons of the Barbarians. AlTirming further, that the succcssc of
war was vnccrtaine, and tliat the victorie was not alwayes in the handc of menne, and
therefore they perswade and infreafc him to rcfurne to the shore, where their compa-
nions were left. Yf he refused, they protest, that they will forsake him. But Cortes
who resoIi.ed in his mind, that he woulde goe to Tenustitan, the chiefc citie of all those
countreycs, thinking to deale wisely and genili-Iy rather then to handle the matter seiicroly,
thus reasoneth with them. What a strange thing is this my felow souldiers and companion,
in armes ? why doe yee feare? Do you not apparently knowc that G(xl is with you, who
hath giuen vs so many happic victories ? Doe yee ihinke those whom wee are about toscokc,
arc belter, and more valiant and stout ? Doe \ec not see, that if is in your power, that the
faith of Christ should infinitely be amplified ? " What kingdomes, and of what quality shall
ye jirocure to your King and your seines, so yee be constant ? That which remaineth be-
hind is but a small matter. If peraducnture, (which I nothing feare) we must die, what
could be more happie ? could any man eiier linish his life with more glory ? Besides, re-
member ye are Spanyardes, who commonly are of an vndanted spirite, not esteeming tlicir
life a farthing, where either the obedience of Almightie God, or the opportunitie of obtain-
ing glory, ofler themselues. Againe, whither shall we goc ? What shal wee doe growinj;
slothfull through idlenesse on the shores ? T.ike courage, take courage I say, and with mc
subdue these barbarous nations to the Lawc of Christ, and the obedience of our King. What
fame shall be left to posteritie of these worthy actes, which yet neuer came to the eares df
any man lining ? We shal be more honourable among our neighboures in our country,
then cuer was Hercules in Greece, through his coinming into Spaine, of whomc monuments
nre yet extant. Our labours are much more grieuous, and our rewardes shall be the greater.
Rouse \p yourselues therfore and with a stout courage vndertake with me what ye hauc
begunne, making no question of the victorie. llauing ended his oration, the Centuriaiu
affirmed that Cortes had spoken well. The multitude (more vnconst.ant than the wanes df
the Sea, which goe whither soeucr the winde bloweth) yeeld likewise their consent, and
lend their eares and tongues to seruc eucrv turne. The souldiers myndes being pacified,
Embassadours came vnto Cortes from Zcutcgal, Generall Commander of that country, whci
craned pardon for that which w.is past, for taking armes agaynst our men. And that thev
shoulde not woonder thereat, they say, that thry neuer acknowledged any king, or were eiu'r
subiect vnto any, and that they alwayes esteemed libertie so much, that they suffered mans
inconueniencics in former times, least they should obey Muteczuinas command. But
rhicfely they wanted cotton garmcntes, and salt to season tlieir meats which they coulde not
get, without Muteczumas Icaue. Yet if they might now be receiued into his fauour and
grace, they promise to doe whatsoeuer he shoulde commande. No man knewe of it, and si
they were admitted. That citiu Tascaltcca was sixe leagues di>laiit from the Campe, tlic
citizens intreate him to come vnto them. Cortes a long titn.- refused it, yet at length oucr-
come through the intreaties of the Princes, he went But I must insert another thing before
I proceed in the Tascallecane matters. Sixe of the familiar Iriendes of .Muteczuma came to
Cortes, with excellent and costly prescntes: who brought diners lewels, and sundry vesturesi
of golde, to the value of a thousand Castellanes of golde, and a thou«anile garmentes of (Jos-
sampiiie cotton dyed of diucrs colours. When these men vnderstoode that Cortes determined
to visite Muteczuma and his citie, they desired Cortes in the behalfe of .Muteczuma, to tliinke
no more of that matter, beecause that citie Tenustitan was seated in the waters, where naturally
w.as great want and scarsiiie of all thinges : so that vnles they were supplyed by forrainers, there
would be smale store of prouision fit for so great persons. Hut the Emba.ssadours promise
that Muteczuma should send what siime soeuer Cortes would demand of golde, siluer, precious
stones and other things, w hcresoeuer he should make his aboad. To this Cortes made answer
that he conid not by any meanes graunt their request, because he had expresse commande-
ment from his king, both to sec that citty, and the king thereof, k make diligent inquiry of

all

Thejift Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

339

all things, that he might ftigniflc by mesflcngere to his maicsty what a thing it is. Vnder-
Btanding his minde and purpose, they desire leaue of Cortes to send one of iheniNclues with
that answere to Muteczuma. Leaue w grauntcd, & one of the six, who were ioyncd in co-M"t'"i™i
mission went & ret\irned againe the sixt day : & broght ten peeces of embossed golden T^'dS'^aiuI
plate from Muteczuma of equall waight and very faircly wrought. He brought also xpoioUruj.
ttlaues Mhoulder* (because they cann get no beastcs for carriage) 1500. garmentes more
precious then the former 1000. They that are of a base spirit, will heere woonder, & he-
Iccue those things to be fabulous which they neucr heard of before or which are without
the compasse of their strength. These men wee will satisfy in their place, when wee shal
come to ireate of the oeconomicall and howshold affaires of Muteczuma. Let this digression
from the Tascaltecanes suffice. Now let vs report the quality, & greatncs of Tascaltcca,
and this first, which I touched before. It allowcth Noblemen but cannot brooke Lords, as I
«ayd before, and is gouerned partly Democratically and partely Aristocratically, as somtime Dtmocmicii
the Common wealth of Rome was, before it came to a violent Monarchy. Cortes writeth "".'],[^j^j^"^_[»-
& they that come from thence say, that it is much greater then the cilty of Granata, and ucmcmemor
more populous, and abounding with all things necessary for the life of man. They vse^""'""'
bread made of Maizium : and haue store of foule, wild beasts and fresh water fish, but no
sea fish : for it standeth too farre from the Sea, aboue 50. leagues distant, as some say. They
haue also diuers kinds of pulse. Within the stone walls, are houses of stone high and well
fortified, for they are allwayes suspicious and in feare, by reason of the bordering enemy
which ioyncs vpo them. They frequent markets, and fayres : and are cloathcd, & weare
stockings or buskines. They delight much in Icwels of gold & precious stones: & greatly
esteeme hclmetts, and plumes of feathers of diuers colors, which they vse for ornamet in
the wars: all which they plat & interlace with gold : they sell wood for fuel euery where in
the markets brought vpo mens shoulders : & sel also for the vse of building, beames, rafters
planckes brirke, stones, & lime, & they haue architects, & excellet potters. There is no
earthen vessels with vs, that excecdcth the workmanshippe of theirs. They haue also Her-
baristes that sell medicinable herbcs : and they vse bathes. And it is also certainly knowne a Poiiiikt jo-
that they haue an order and lawes where by they gouerne. The largenesse of that prouince "'"""'"'•
i« 90. leagues in circuit about, whereof this citly Tascalteca is the headc & cheife: being
full of townes, villages, and strect.s, mountains, and IVuitcfull valleyes replenished with peo-
ple, and those men of warre, by reason of the neighbourhood of Muteczuma their perpetual
enemy. Ileereunto adioineth another prouince, called the country of Guazuzingo : which Oiiiiuzinjo, 4
is couerned after the same order, in the forme of a common wealth. They are all enemies {!'°"'l'"- ,

, rt* ,1111 I 11 fli , 1. riinnhmtnt of

to thecues, for hauing taken them they lead them bound through the markctts, and beate Thecuis.
ihcm to death with cudgelles & are iust & vpright dealers. He aboad 20. dayes with the
Tasralterans : at what time, the six Embassadours of Muteczuma were alwayes at his sitic
cndeuoring to perswade Cortes not to intertainc fricndshippe with the Tascaltecanes, and that
lice should not trust laithlesse, & dcceitfull men. The Tascaltecanes on the contrary part,
affirmed th.it the Muteczumanes were tyrants, & wold bring Cortes into some daungerous
& iiiruilable misery, if he gaue credit to the. Cortes secretly reioyced nt this their dis- Coitfsinsr^u
.•.entii), thinking their mutual! hatred might profit him, & therefore fedd the both with faire u,','c'jfT«w,i.
spca( lies. The Muteczumanes were very earnest with Cortes, to discharge himselfe of the
Tascaltecanes an<l that hee woud goe to the citty Chiurutecal, in the iurisdiction of Mutec- Chiurutecaii
ziima, not aboue 5. leagues distiit thence. There (sny they) he might more easily treate "">•
v^h-if-ioeiier he would concerninge the affaires, hee had with Muteczuma. The Tascaltecanes
on the contrary, told Cortes, that they had prepared to intrappe him, both in the way & in
the ( itiy Chiurutecal. In the waye, because they signified y in many places the citizens
thereof h.id cut trenches wherby 5' horses might be indangered, and that other waves were
turned from the right course : And that within the citty the wayes were stopped and da:nmed
vp in many places, and fensed with heapes of earth, or stones: & that those citizens had
gathered together a great heape of stones in their solars, turretts, & windwos which were
oucr the streets & publickc wayes, whereby fro aloft they might kill our men cuming vnto

X X a the.

■Vi'

I*.

*v '„

,^i

'■

I i

'1^

'\ ■•'•il'

li^'] r

f}40

VOYAGES, NAUICATIONS.

Tliejift Decade.

The Chluruif
rilrnwi wnd
JtmhA^siitiours to
Cortd,

Cents (com rnry
tothci'oodci'un-
«11 of the Tai-
cahrcanrt) ii by
|>r^aiscdriurnto
got- to Chiurii-
lu<ll.

A ccMi*piiacic of
Miilcciinu

witti th' cititeni
t'l ChiututecaU

thr. And further the Tascahccas declare that it was an argument, that the Chiurutecalcnsen
were cnrruptly affected towardes our men, in that they neuer came vnto them, as they of
the citic Guazuzingo did, who were further of. Cortes vndersttanding this, xent vnto the
ChiiinitecalenHCH, to complayne of their iniurieand negligence. Ilauing hcarde the message
of Cortes, they sent Embassadours, but of the basest of the people, and men of no worth
to tell him, that they came not before, because they were to goe through their enemies
conntrves, yet they sayde that the Chiurutccalcnscs were well alt'ected vnto Cortes. But
vnderstaiiding the indignitie they oft'ered him, in that the nobilitie disdayned to come vnto
him, hce sent those base companions away with threatning woordes, and with this charge,
that vnlesse the chiefe men of that citie came vnto him within three dayes, hee woiilde come
against them as an enemy, and then (sayth he) they shoiilde proouc what hee vscth to dnc
when he is angry, if they deferred their comming, toyeeld obedience to the King of Spayne,
to whom the dominion and Empire of all those coimtryes belongeth. So they came, 'and
Cortes sayth, hce woulde admit the excuses they made, so they performed their promise.
They promise willingly to doe his command and that he shouldc know, and vnderstandc that
the Tascaltccans had spoken vntruth, and oft'ered that they would pay tribute according to
Cortes his edict, if he wouldc come vnto them. So he stootl long doubtfully distracted in
diuers opinions. At legth hee resoiued to trie hii fortune, and ycelding to the Mutre/ii-
manes, taketh his iourney towardes Chiurutecal. But the T.xscalieranes hauing hearde Ms
resolution, perceiuing that good counsel preuailcd nothing, say, they woulde by no meancs
suffer, that Cortes shouldc freely commit himsclfc to the Mutrc/umans trust so that it micht
be in their ])ower, to be able to hurt him. That they were thankefull menne, to him wlm
vsed them so kindly, and receiued the Tascaltccanes into his friendshippe and faunur nricr
so innumerable errors, when he might vtterly haue destroyed them in due reuenge of ihcit
rebellion. Wherefore they instantly affirme tiiat they would giue him an hundred thousaiuir
armed me in steed of a Praitoriri army to gnni his perso: but Cortes refused. It booted iuk
to deny tiie. That first night thcrfore he cm aped on the baiike of a riucr ouer against him,
with that army of almost an hudrcd thousand men. Afterwanis retaining SOOO. for his de-
fence, hee sent away the rest, ycelding them descrued thankes, as was lit. The Chiuruto
calensian priests romming forth after their manner with boyes and girlcs, singini:;, and wiih
the sounde of drummes, and trumpettes, receiued our mennc (comming vnto them) a farrc
of. Enfring the cittie, they were entertayncd, and feddc well enough, but not dainlilic,
or plentifully. Concerning the damming vp of waves, and rampires, & stones whicli won
prepared, they pcrceiucd somewhat, as they wore admonished by the Tascaltccanes. lUn
now, beholde newc messengers from Mutec/uma: who spake vnto the citi/.t-ns of Cliiiinifc-
ca! in the eare, and not to Cortes. The messengers demaunded what tliey iiad done wiih
our men, the citizens made them no further answere. Wherefore Cortes nmucd to siispition,
bccint; mindl'ull of the counsel of the Tascaltccanes, by Hicroiiimns Aquilaris the Inlrr-
prefer (who was skilfull in the language of these countries, hauing serued long time in tin
bordering prouinces) questioneth a ccrlayne young man admitted to his preseme : & ll,i<i
is t' (• summe of all that he vnderstoo<le. lie saitii, that the (liiiirulcciknses when our
men were to goe vnto them, had sent away all the children, and old men, with their woiinn
and goods what they ment else, he plainely prolesseth, th.it he knowcih nothing. Tiic trr.i-
son is discouered, but in what manner and order, I must declare vnto you. A ccrtaine Zeni-
poalensian mayde was abiding with a woman of Chiurutecal, who peradiicnture foloucdiicr
husbande or her friende. The Chiurutecalensian woman spake thus miIo the Zempoalensi:iii
stranger. Friende, go with me. Whither .saith she? without tlic citie, and farre ol s.iiih
shec. For that night she saith innumerable multitude of armed men would coe from Mu-
tcczuma, who will kill as many as they find within these walles. I reueale this vnto yon,
beecause I haue compassion on you : stay not heere, vnlesse you desire cruelly to finish
thoe pleasaunt yeeres of your tender age, with the rest. The mayde discouercth the matter
to A«juilaris. Cortes desiring to examine if, knoweth the matter, and vnderstoode it to be
true. Whereupon he sent to cal the chiefe rulers of the Chiurutccalenbcs, & comadcth his

nic

TlicfKft Decade,

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

inc presctly to arme thtselues. He declareth ^ matter to J captales, & willeth }j vpo notice
j^iut- by discharge of a peece they fall vpon the authors ol that niischeuous practige, whom
hee wouldc assemble together in the hall of his lodginge. The cheife men of the citty came, Cotiei bMnh
and dcclaringe the matter first vnto them, hee casteth them in prison, talicth horse, and goeth I,f'h?c'' ",'"
forth. He found the gates of his pallace compassed about with armed menne: so grcalc<ho"ofuncon.
was the armed multitude of citizens which expected their commingc. Hee settes vppon ^h^ujiuyi,
them, before the rest could come vnto them, so that they fiercely fought a long time, as he '"!'""'•
himselfc saith for the space of 5. houres. At length hcc vanquished the treacherous Bar-Con"va„.
barianf), and then returncth to the appointed pallace. Hee calleth the citizens (who were ''"" *
bouiide) vnto him, who being demaunded why they did so, they aunswercd, they were de-
criuod by Mutcczuma : and that it was done against their will. But if hee would spare
them, they promise, they would bee subiect to him f<ir eui^r, and ncucr obey Mutecziima,
any more. The Zempoalcnses, and Tascaltecanes who a /ded him, behaued themselues
manfully that day, for the hatred they conceiucd against the tyranny of Muteczuma. Where- Conti pardon-
upon Cortes spared the cittizens, and commanded them to goe vnto the women, and chil- Ji',oll"„S'I'hEy
dren, and the rest, & bringe them backc againe. They did so : and the citty was replenished >«""'« i»nut.
with her |)coplc. This bcingc done, hee did his endeuour to reconcile the Tascaltecanes, MuV,c."um'j.'"*
and the Chiuruteralenses, niul to make tliem agree together, who were at variance before
by Muteczumas mcanes, and deadly hated one another. That citty Chiurutecall standeth Jj''j'J''f.J'P'^p
in a fniitefull plainr, consisting (as they write) of 2U000. houses built of lime and stone, ciuuiuitcaU.
within the wall, and as many in the suburbes. It was sometimes a common wealth : but
Muleczuma made it tributary and subiect to his romaunde. Both citties will now willingly
obey vs. These people are richer, and hauc better garments then the Tascaltccans their
neighbours. The Chiurutecalenscs water a groat part of their plaine by trenches which they
haue cut : and that prouinre is well fortified with turreted walles. Cortes himselfe writeth
that fro one high Church, he numbered 400. towers belonging to Jr prouince, besides those
which were erected in the streets of ^ citty wliich al were in steed of Churches. This Vmmu,
country hath land fit fur pasture, which (he saith) he yet found no where else in those coun-
tryes because other prouinces were so ful of people that they haue scarce grounde enough
for their scede. These thingcs succeeding thus, he calleth Muteczumas Embassadours vnto
him, and blameth the vniust and dcceitfull dealing of their maistcr, affirming that it was
not the part of a noble Prime, such as he supposed Mutcczuma had beenc, to dcale craftily,
.ind to make others inslrunicntes of his cunning practises and deuises. Wherefore Ccrtes
sayth, that he wouldc no longer keepe fulclitie and promise of amitie, giuen him by mes-
sengers betwcenc them, seeing Nfutcczuina had so trecherously contrary to his oath attempted
these thinges against him. Rut the Kmbassadors halfe dead, and out of hart, sayd, their Tht EmbssM.
master, neuer imagined, or kncwe of any such matter, and that time shoulde discouer what MutecVumT.
they sayd, to be true. They say, that Mutcczuma was alwayes a religious obscruer of his
promise; and that the Chiiirulccalcnses diiiised that of their owne heade, to preseruc them
from the (lisplcasure of Cortes. Mauing thus spoken, the Embassadours desire Cortes that
with his good leaiie tiiey might send one of their copany to Mutcczuma, to signifie what
might be treated. I'rouision of \i(tuall is giuen him: who within fewe dayes returning
brought presentes with him for a King, to wiite, tcnne golden chargers, .is he writeth and •^'"s'y P'"f'»
I;)00. garnunlos of Gossanipiiic cotton, such .is they vse to ueare. I sayd elswhere, I woulde Mm'«lunu'iT
(leliuer these things more plaineiy to satisfic base spirites of meane capacitie, from whence *•"'"'•
this King li.ith so mmy garments in his wardrope : besides many things for foode, but spe-
cially wine, \vhi( h Kingcs and nolile men delight in, diflcring from that which the people ^^'""'•
vse. For they make many sorts of drinke, the ordinarie and common sort of Maizium, but Di.nkr.
the better of iliutrs friiiies. But of certaine almondes, which they vse in steed of mony, h«j"c iff mo'tie*.
they make won<ler(ull drinke, of this almondc we will speake hereafter. By that familiar
friend therfore of .Mutcczuma, and by these other new Embassadours, he affirmed that he
knewe nothing-; of that, whirhe the Chiurnteialcnses spake of him, who spake vntruly to
excuse themselues, and that it shoulde so full out hereafter that hee shoulde viiderstande there

was

W • ! ■' p

»r.|

WL * 1 . - I

. M

'-' 1 i

^.^

i V t ,',

342

VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS.

TlifJifl Decade.

ji:

I . ■.

M'. 'M

i-ri!

! ^ 1'

iHJ

' ' ' . i

'I I I

A ilrangt ind
admiriMr rrport
of I imoky 9

mountainc calM
PufOCitef«t{ur.

wM true frtendihippe betweene them, and, that Mutccztima vied not to attempt anie ihinir

«d""twi''' ''y fraudulent mcancs. Yet among thcuc dincouMen, hcc intreatcih him agaync. to denist

fiom commini from hit intcnd?d purpose or cumming to hi:* city, for want of thinnest necemiary, brrcaime

lohiicitic. jjjjj jjjjy jjcing seated in the watew, was naturally dcsliiulc of all ihingeit: yet Rufficientiy

prouided for her inhabitants by the auncicnl tradingc or the neighbouringe townen: but if

•traungent came vnto it, it would bee pnore and l)rggerly. Cortes dcnyed that he could

f[raunt that because he wan so commaunded by his kinge. VndcrMtanding Cortes his rcno-
ution, hee signifleth vnto him by the Emba.<<>tadours, that hee would expect him in the ciny,
and that hee would prouide accordingc to hit power, that nothing might be wanlinge. And
for that purpose they sent many of his chcife rulers to accompany him vnto him. He there-
fore scttcth forward towards the citty Tenuslilan, being desirous lo see it. About some 8.
leagues From thence hee founde a mountaine coucred with ashes in the sommrr, hauing two
toppes, large and spacious on eucry side, called Fopocatcpcqtie which is as much to say a<
a smoaky mountaine, because in their language I'opoca signifirlh smoake, and tepequr a
mountaine. From whose toppes a stronge smoake continually issurlh, ascendinge vpri^ht
vnto thecloudcs, as an obscure cloude ariseth with a Ihickc sapour, sothat the smoke equalcth
the quantity of a greatc house and is carried vp into the ayer with such fury, that thnugli
the ayer bee shaken with violent windes, yet the nmoakc is not at all dispersed. Cortc*
wondering at the matter, sent ten valiant Spaniardes with guides of the inhabitants, to search
nut the cause of so strange a thinge, if it were poisible. They obey his command, and ascend
the mountaine as ncerc as they might goe : but could not conic vnto the very topp, by reasoa
of the thicke ashes, yet they came so neere, that they perceiued the roaringe of the Hamc,
and the furious & fearefull noysc of the smoake that issued foorth, with perpetuall whirle-
winds which blustered about the mountaine, so jr the mountaine trembled, & seemed as though

rsJimUldi." °' it would haue falle. But two mcssegers of f Spitiards more bold then J rest determined |j
get vnto the toppe, the inhabitants dissuading them, who ascended to the view of that hiij^c
gapinge mouth and say it is a league & an hallc broade: yet in the end much terified through
the noise of ^ raginge flame, thev returned, hapjiy in their chance. 'I'hey escaped 5' vio-
lence of the (lame more & more increasing, which issued foorth somewhat more mildly at
^ time, but in a very short space became most furious, caslinge out stones after an inrre-
dible & strange manner so that vnlesso by chance they had found a place in the way which
was somewhat hoiowe, which gaue the shelter, while the shower of stones was oiierpast (f(,r
that mountaine doth not alwayi-s cast foorth stones) they had vlterly perished, and lost their
liues. The inhabitants so woondred at this matter, that they came flocking from eiiery plair,

1 hf npm.on iiif ^jij, pfcscnts, to scc ihcm, a- if tliev h;iil bin halfc (i(Kldcs. Rut this (mo-t holy fulhrrl it
not to be omitted : I he inlial)it.ints suppose kiiiges (who while they liiutl, goiierned amis^e)
to haue a temporary ahoude tiiere being companions with diiicls ainonge those flames, vshrrf
they may purge the loule spots of their wii kednesse. These things being llironghly s(uii;lit
out, the Mutec/iiman l!!nil).is.-n(lours led Cortes, whether the Taocaitecanes dissuaded him in
goe. For tiiat way hath lroul)lesoin pass.igcs, trcnrlies, and diches full of narrow l)ri(l>;i<,
where an army might casiely be ouerlhrowne, l>erause they could not pisse oner those plaits
in troopes. He therefore tookc his iotirney another way, somewhat further about, & iiii.rc
diflicuit, by the lowe valleyesof high smoakinge mouniaines, from whence, when they were
past, and looked dowiie before them, from the litlc hilles vnder the mountaine they sawe i
mighty greate valley r;illed Colua where that greatc citty Teniistitan lielh in the lake. TbU
greate valley is fami us for two lakes, the one salt, where the « ittv is seated, which (.is tlicy
say) coiitaincth (i(). leagues in circuit : the other fresh, whereol wee shall speake more , it
large heereaflcr. Tlie Mutec/uman Embassadoiirs, who .7ccomp.:iiied our menn, beeiiij; dc-
niaunded why they went about to leadc the army another way, aiuwered, that thev dcnvcd
not but that this way was better and more commodious : l)ut because they were to nianh a

nfOuiiuiinji. dayes ioiirney throu;;h the Ijicmyes countryes of the Guazuzingi, and because peraducnliire
they might want proiiision of \ictuall j- way, therefore they persuaded tiie therevnto. Here
»vc are to note and obscrue j the Guazazingi, and the Tascaltecani (two comonweaithi^)

V ITC

ofthit moun
tayae,

> I.akti.

.•I ■ ^

i ','1

TheM Dccnde. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUi:niF,S,

were vnilcd in Iragtic & heart againut Mutcrzuma ; & therefore they foud ihr- hut poore
becaiiM being cOpaMcd with no mighty an enemy, they inioyed no Tree liberty of
trafficlce with any other iintiu. Wherefore vi»ing 8c cOtcntingc them«elue« with their pro-
uinciall reucnues, they lined in greate misery, rather than they would lubmitt their nrcke Ti'<Ouiiuiiii|i
vnto the yooke of any kinge. Yet vnto CortcH, bcrauxe by bin meaneti they hoped in time J|',|',7J| ^'^j |^
to come to wander Ireely, they performed rouenantctt of friendship, and in token thereof, i'-""ii luch m
they gaue him certaine Nlauen, and garments after their manner, but very mesne, and he- ''"" ^"''
Ktowed vppon him things neceitNary for hii reliefe, plentifully inough, for one day. August
wM now ended when being Hraric gone paitt the narrow paMagew of ihoNe mountaineH, he
\sM brought to a palluce in ^ plaine, built for Summer delightes, which was no exceeding a iriai piWf.
great, that the whole army was intertained there tlutt night. For making a miiNter of them,
he found with him of the ZempoalcnNianN, TaficaltecancM, and Cjua/.uzingi, more then foure (<„„„,„ ,||
thousand armed men, but of his Sj^ianiardcH ncarte .'iUU. But as I huue now nayd, to itoup the leeo. iit»ni<,
inoiilheti of base & meanc itpinleN, the matter was performed with gunnen, and horxes,
strange and vnknown kindes of fight, rather then with the multitude of armed men : And they
had prouixion of maintenance enough. For Muteczumai Ntcwards whether Noeiier our men
went, prouided plentifully enough for them, lletc they quaked for cold, by reason of the
high mountaines neerc adioyning, tlurcfore they h.id necue of great (irc». The brc/her of
Muteczuma with many nobles came to CortCM that day, and broui^i^t present > iu Mute; . umaN x>'nt\.ut ••
name, .'iOOO. C'aslell.ines of golde, and excellent iewelles, iiid withall beso't'iKj thcrr. :o r»^ yui'n'^g",
furne, and slay wheresoeuer they ple.iscd. And that Mutccz'i,"i,T wonlil giu** .''iit (ri>j.i;e m. !Mu..cium,i'
euer Cortes should net downe, so hcc would desist from comminge to '.Vic .'tty . umpasse ' w<»J» ■"»'"'""*•
waterN wiiere, of necessity, especially with so great a multitude, hee nust s'.infr j enur . ?nil
want, beccause naturally it veeldeth nothinge, and that hee would neucr, or uy ai;-/ ir.eanefi
reuolt from the obedience of that kinge, from whom hee sayd he was tier... C'l rft si as tnildiy
as lie could, nunHwered that hee would willingly yeeld to Mute vum?*' rrqu-rnl t'-. |}'j''iy so
^'reat a king, if he might safely do it without breach of hix kings com" '.niitfc'mpns. And t\,ut
they should not thinke his comminge to bee vnprofitable, but rather i,( nciiciali :\i.\\ honorable.
And that hee purposed to come thelher, seeinge nee could not o»ht(wi.<r n.iist. Huf irhrNreal-
tcr his aboade should be troblesome to .Vfuteczuma, he would ^',1. sently rf'\\,ruc, t.'jer ri !oajf-.!if
made and matters composed betweene them, which might mor-; a;.jwr '.illy and coi> : /<!ioi;.i(y
bee performed in presence, then by intercourse of mes.senger», on ', itiiersiilc. ^VInV they .^, („ v.m».
were busie about the«e ihinges, Cortes saith, that the inhabitants cenftd nut ;ii (..epar:- '» 'w- v'i'ni >■)■'
trapp him, and that the woods in the mountaines neere vnto the pallare. were »ha» »>ight (ull
of armed men. Hut hee ^lurieth that hee was alwayes so wary, that dee e.'isil-. tVee:! liimMcIf'.-
from their practises and deceits. Hemouingc thence toward the citty in the lake, b-'e loutide <im».ni «<«•
another lande cilty, of li<K)tX). houses, as they say, called Amaquemcca. ihc nnn»e of whwc „" I'iulco. '*'
proiiincc is Chialco. The king of that place is subiect to the dominiiMi of Muieczuoii, Here «/.«.
he feasted our men daintily, and plentifully and gaue his guettts 30C.M). Caste lii'tic* of golil.
& iewells, & -10 slnues, a-i another had giucn him alitle bcfjjrc. Fourc liaui.i-.s Irori 'hence,
he came to a fresh lake, much lesse then the salt: on the shoare v,htreor.»i)iidtJh a cItty, *'.it'.
halfe ill the water & halfe on drye land. An high mountainc lyeth ncere vnto the ciKy,
There twelue men came Mito ('(irtes, the clieiie w!i -reof was carred in a horse litter vpoi»
mennes shoulders : he was y.'). yceres old. When he alighted from the horselitter, (' rest
rann xpeedily, and clensed the way of all hith, and stones, and if ■\'\y "t.'awt .ir di'-t lay there .^ ^„ , ,„, ,.
they made the way deane as hee went to salute Cortes. After hee h.ut saluted C't;.t. >, in the
behalfe of Muteczuma, hee intreated that hee would blame ihc King as cnrel<.'!^s<: and negli-
gent, becau-e hee came nut forth to mcete him, aflirminge hee w:.-, s.. k' . n.^d that they were
sent to acconip.iny liim. Yet if he would alter his purpose frgi.in^.e (lU-M cr, i'^hiuUbc
most pleasinge and acceptable vnto them. He court';ously intertaitiet' »heiii with ra;:<; \^otxls, &
gaue them certaine pleasing presents of our country comodi'.Jds: -to they cluecrully departed.
Cnrtcs lollowinge them, found another townc of \IM\. hn. .es se.-ite*! in .i lake i)f fresh water:
whereto they passed & rclurne by boat. Their boa'c? ure mudi; ot one tree as 1 haue ofte

said

I I-

4 ,

\\\

! 1

''I

' - 1

•t

Si i a >

\^^¥\\

llff'fijf'iit'--^

S . i! )>■

: t 1

I ^^

i :Hi !

344

A ia»ne<

litapilapa i
tawnt.

Coluicain a
City.

Oifti.

The pillace of
litapaUpa.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS^

TVicyf// Dccrtrff.

A Will pf stone

built in the

witer.

I CittyeJ fiHid-

ej in the water.

MetiquaUingo

1 cut).

The v« cf
salt.

Obey not
Miitrczi^mi 3iiJ
tattngtalr.

A Caule.
Drawe biid^c.

said of the Canowes of the Ilads & they call those boates Acates. Marching through the mid-
die of the lake, he foud a causey of the hcigth of a speare, which brought him to another fa-
mous towne of 2000. houses. Hccrc, he was honorably intertaincd, and the townesmm de-
sired Cortes to stay with them all night, but tiie Muteczuman Princes accompanying him dc-
nyed their request. Wherefore the Muteczumans conducted iiim thatcueninge to a farr great-
er citty, called Iztapalapa, which touched theshoare of a salt lake. This citty was in the iu-
risdiction of Muteczumas brother, whose name was Tacatcpia, three leagues distant from the
former towne. Another citty called Coluacam is three leagues distant from Iztapalapa, from
whence the prouince also is called Collua, whereupon our menu from the begininge called the
whole country by that name, because they vnder stoode thereof being farre from thence. Iztapa-
lapa (as they say) consisteth of eyght thousand goodly houses for the most part: and Coluacana
is not much lesse. The king of Coluacana was with Muteczumas brother, who also presented
Cortes with precious giftcs. They report that the pallace of the king of Iztapalapa is very
curiously built with lime and stone; and they .say that the workmanshipe of the tymber thercrif
is very artificiall : and they highly commend the princely pauements, inner roomes, and cham-
bers, thereof, together with the huge and greate halles. That house also hath orchardes, fine-
ly planted with diucrs trees, and herbes, and flourishing flowers, of a sweete smell. There
are also in the same, great standing pooles of water with many kindes of fish, in the whicl»
diuers kindes of all sortes of waterfoule are swimminge. To the bottome of these lakes, a man
may descend l^ marble steppes brought farr of. They report strange thinges of a waike in-
closed with nettinges of Canes, least any one should freely come within the voyde plattes of
grounde, or to the fruite of the trees. Those hedges arc made with a thousande pleasant de-
uises, as it falleth out in those delicate purple crosse allcyes, of mirtle, rosemary, or boxe,
al very'delightfull to behold. He reporteth many ♦^••Unary & meane things touching these
matters which haue almost weried me with their prolixity. Now therefore omittinge other
thinges, let vs cast forth this manne Cortes into the cilie Tcnustitan, and to the desired cm-
bracements of Muteczuma, on the one part.

The 3. Chapter.

THey goe from Iztapalapa to Tcnustitan, the scate of that great king Muteczuma, vpon a
wail of stone, made by the hande of man & with incredible charge, built in the waters, two
spcarcs Itgth in bredth. Tha; wall is in steed of a bridge for Iztapalapa also ilselfe, some part
of it standeth in a salt lake, but the rest is built vpon the land. Two cittycs founded partly in
the water, ioyne to one side of that bridge. On the other side studeth one, whereof the first
they mcete with who goe that way, is called Mcsiqualcingo : the second is Coluacana, whereof
I spoakc a litle before : and the third is called Vuichilabasco. They say the first, consisteth of
more then 3000. houses the second, of (itXX). and the third of 4000. all of them furnished with
turrettcd and sumptuous Idole temples. These cittyes adioyninge to the bridge, make s.ilf,
which all the nations of those coulries vse. Of the salt water of ilu- lake, they make it hanlc,
coiiueyingc it by trenches into the earth apt to thicken it. And beinge hardened and con-
gealed they boyle it, and after make it into rounde lumpes or balles, to be carrved to marketts
or fayres, for cxchaunge of foraine commodities. The tributaryes only of Muteczuma were
made partakers of the benefit of that salt : but not such as refused to obey his commande. The
Tascaltecanes therefore and Guazuzingi, and many others, season their meate without salt,
because, as wee haue sayd, they resisted the goucrnment of Muteczuma. There are many
•iiich wallcs, which scrue in steede of bridges from places on the land, to tittves on the water
which sometimes, as diuers waves, ioyne and meete together. With this wail descending from
Iztapalapa, another wall mccleth, from another side of the cittv. In the place where they
mectc is a Castle erected of two incxpus;nable towers, from thence by one way they goe to
the citty. In these walles, or bridges, within a certainc space, there are little moueable bridu'es
of tymber, which, when any suspition of warrc is nnminent arc drawne vp. I thinke those
partitions or ciifies also are made for portcs, that they might not be deceiued, as in many
places, which iniov quiet peace wee sec the gates of citfves shut by ni^ht for no other cm*i'.

The

Thefift Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

345

They niaVe a way for ,^ ^^. .
This w a wond.T f most holv Itng^.

The bridges beinge drawne vp, the poolcs of flotinge waters remaine.
the w.iiep», for the waters (as they say) ebb and flowe there. ~ • "

father) in nature, in my iudgeinent and theirs, who say they cannot bcleeiie by any moanes '^'" ■° '"s"'
that it cann be so, because themselues haue else whereneticr read it. This cittie stindinj; in tho ihc",c'j. "'
lake, or the situation of the salt laice itselfe, is more then seuenty leagues distant from the vS.a.
And betweenc that and the sea lye two long ridges of high inountaiiie.i, and two mifrlity vnl-
leycs bctweene both mountaines. Yet the lake receiueth the flowinge and cbbinge of the Sen,
viJlesse they speake vntruth. Butnoe inan knoweth where the Sea commelh in, orgoethout.
The flood comminge, by the narrow streights of two hillef), the salt water is emptied in the
channcll of the fresh lake, but the force thereof returninge, it returneth from the fresh to the
salt, neither is the fresh thereby so corrupted but it may beedrunke, nor doth the salt lake be-
come fresh. VVe haue spoken sufTiciently of lakes, walles, bridges & Castles: let vs now at
length rcturne to that pleasing spectacle to the Spaniardes, because it was longe desired, yet
happily to the wise Tenustitans it may seeme otherwise, because they feare it would so fall out,
that the.se guestcs came to di.sturbe the Elisian quietnes.se and peace, though the common peo-
ple were of another opinion, who suppose nothinge so delectable, as to haue present innoiia-
tiiins before their eyes, not carefull of that which is to come. To this crosse way, a thousand
nienne, attired alter their country fashion, came from the citty to meete Cortes: who allvsing
their seuerall cercmonyes, salute him. The ceremony or manner of salutation is this, to touch a Cfremoniom
the earth with their right hand, & presently to kisse that part of the right hand where with they l"„^d"of hII-
touched tlie earth, in token of rcuerence. All these were Noblemen of the Court: behind the ""on.
the king hiinselfe so much desired, conieth now at legth. That way (as I haue already sayd)
is a league and an halfe long, others say, it is two leagues, yet is it so straight, that layinge
a line vnto it nothinge cann bee drawne more straight. If the quicknes of mans eiesight be-
holding it wold seme iiim, he shal easily percciuc the entriicc of Muteczumas citty from the
very Castle, from whence Cortes remoued. The King went in the middle of the bridge, and
the rest of the people on the sides orderly followinge in equall distances one from another,
and all bare footed. Two Princes (whereof the one was his brother, the other, one of the
peeres, Lord of Iztapalapa) taking the Kinge Mutetzuma drew him by the armes, not that he The Kin;c
needed such heipe, but it is their manner so to reuerence their kinges, that they may .seeme ,rm"r& »hV'
to be vpiield and supported by tlie strength of the nobiiitie. Mutcczuma approachinge, Cortes '■?■« <"'y "i-
dismounted from the horse whereon he roade, and goeth to the kinge being about to embrace c„^'„ jj^.
him : but the Princes wiiich stood on cither side would not suffer him for with them it is an niouhii.iKtoem-
hainous matter to touch the kinge. They that came on the sides in ordered troopes, left their w""ntaru'i"ttd
:i))pointed places, that they might all salute Cortes with the accustomed ceremony of salutation. "•'''« ""'>'"•
And then presently euery one went backe to his place againe, least the rankes should be dis-
ordered. After cheereful salutations ended, Cortes turninge to the Kinge, tooke a chaine from £.„„„ ;„„,,
his owne nccke (which he wore) of smale value, and put it about the Kings necke. For they «'« V"'' ■'>^""''-
were lounterfeits of glasse, of diners colours, partly diamondes, partly pearle, & partly Car- ",0'^", ll»."'rV
buncles & all of glas.se, yet the present liked Miiteczuma well. Mutcczuma requited him with ^". "• '"'"y
two other chaines of gold and precious stones with shelles of golde, and golden Crevises hang- "' '""""■
inge nl them. Ilauinge inlcrtaincd all, they who came out to meete them, turned their faces
to that huge and miraculous citty: and march backe againe in the same order that they came,
by the sides of that admirable bridge, leaning the middle alley of the bridge, onely for the Thf ibhomi-
Kinge Mutcczum.i, and our inenne. Rut oh abhominabie impiety tobehould, and horrible to "••>'' ■''""ifi';'-
bee spoken. On either side of that bridge, on the outside, were many stately towers erected ch.urVi! iht
ill the lake, all which were in steede of Churches. In these either the bodyes of slaucs bought i;i"isiu,ii i;™
fur mony or the children of tributiirycs apjiointed for that purpose insteed of tribute, were of-
fered or sacrificed, with a certaine horor that c.inot be coceiued. Many vndcrstriding j' mat-
ter as they pas.sed by confessed y their bowells earned within the. At length they came to an
exceedinggreat Palace, the auncient seateof Muteczuma« auncestors, finely decked with Prince- 1^.^„ pi,„j ,„
Iv ornamcntes. There Mutcczuma placed Cortes on a throne of golde, in the Kings hai and aihronccr
returned to another Pallacc. lie commanded all Cocics his followers and companions to be"'"'''
VOL. V. Y y fed

t^a •^

(■r

■V-

^ fi t.

It.

* • ■(»

^';-i

lilili

I A ?;

' ,1:

'in '' :P

I'll

.l,;.^

346

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

nejift Decade.

fed with delicate and Princely meates, & to bee all commodiously and well entertayned in their
Cortti his royaii lojginges. After a few houres Muteczuma hauing dined, returneth to Cortes, and brought
emutaynmcii . ^^.^^ j^.^ Chamberlaincs, & others of his domeaticall seruantes, laden with garmentes, in^r-
mixed with golde, and most liuely colours of Gossampine cotton. It is incredible to be cipoken,
but how credible it is, wee shall hereafter spcake : They ( who sawe them ) say, they were
6000. garments and Cortes himself writeth the same. They brought also with them, many
presentes of golde and silucr. At the tribunall of Cortes there was another bourded floure
layde, decked with the like ornamentes. Vpon that scafiblde Muteczuma assembling al the no-
MuttMumT'^ bilitie of his kingdomes vnto him, made this oration vnto them, as tliey percciued by the In-
wUhCortcs& terpreters which Hieronimus Aquilaris vnderstood. Most worthy & renowned men forwar-
his compaiiiuni. jji^g prowessc, & gratious towardcs the suppliant, I wish that this your meetinge may be pros-
perous, and I hope it shall be so: and let your comming to these countryes bee fortunate and
happie. After, turning to his nobilitie he speakcth thus. We haue heard by our aunccstorsi,
that we are strangers. A certaine great prince transported in shippes, bcefore the memorie
of all men lining, brought our auncestorsvnto these coasts, whither voluntarily, ordriuen by
tempest, it is not manifest, who leauing his companions, departed into his country, & ,it
length returning, would haue had them gone backe againe. But they had now built them houses),
& ioyning themselues with the women of the Prouinces had begotten children, and had most
peaceable setlcd houses. Wherefore )i,r aunccstors refused to rcturne, and harkened no fur-
ther to his perswasion. For they hadde nowe chosen among themselues both a Senate, and
Princes of the people, by whose counsell and direction they woulde bee gouerned, so that they
report he departed with threatning speeches. Neuer any appeared vnto this time, who demii-
ded the right of that captaine & Commaunder. I therefore exhort and admonish you the No-
bles of my kingdomes, that you doe the same rcuerence to so great a Commander of so great
a king, that ye doe to me, and at his pleasure, giue him the tributes, due vnto me. After turn-
ing his face vnto Cortes, he spake further. We thinke therefore by that which we haue spoken,
that king who (you say) sent you, deriucd his discent from him, whcrfore yee are luckily
come, repose your mindes after the exceeding great labours, which I vndcrstandc yee haue
indurcd since yc came into these countries, and now refresii and cofort your faint and weary
bodies. Al tBe kingdomes which wee possessc arc yours. What Nobleman soeuer thou art,
being sent a Captaine for this purpose thou may&t lawfully commande all the kingdomes, whicli
were subiect vnto me But as touching the reports of the Zempoalensians, Tascallecanes, and
Guazuzingi, concerning me, they may iustly bee taken, for such, as proceeded front the
affection of an enemie : but the experience «)f matters shall proue them licrs. i hey babbled
that my houses were of golde, and my mattes golde, and my householde sfufl'c was all of gold,
and that 1 was a god, and not a man. You yoursclfe see, that my houses are of stone, mv
mattes made of ryuer weedes, and the furniture of my house of coftdn. I confesse I haue
Jewels of golde, layde vp in my Treasury. Those arc yours : which in the bchalfe of that
great king of ours, vsc at your pleasure. But as touching tliaf, that they said 1 was no man,
but immortall, beholdc mine armes, and my legges, lookc whether they be not flesh and bone.
Speaking this, he discouerclh his armes, and legges, halfe weeping. When hee hadde made
ar. end of speaking, Cortes comforteth him, and putte him in good hope that matters s'.ould
he well raryed. With these wordes Muteczuma departed, somewhat with a cheerefull counte-
nance, but whither quieted in minde, to suffer a Competitor, let him iudge who c; or tasted
the sweete of Soueraignty, and whether any man woulde euer entertaine guests willinjjiv,
w!i() violently intrude, lette such speake as haue hadde experience thereof. In the lares
of the Princes assembled, who hcarde it, casting downe their eyes vppon the grounde,
you might apparanily vnderstande, how quiet that assembly was. For becing readie to
weepe, they receiued whafsoeuer was acted, with sohbes and sighes, and remayncd lonij
sik'iit in a dumpe : and at length promise to perfourmc Muteczumas commaimde : yet,
that they cnulde not but be troubled in their mindes, for so great and suddainr an alteration
of their *tafe. The assembly being dismissed, euery one went to their owne kindred or fa-
milie. Of these thingcs we haue suHici«<uly spoken : now let vs declare what succeeded aftir

that

Muieciumi
rc^.jncih vp
his kingdumc
to Cortes.

Thefift Decade.

TRAFFiaUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

347

matters should

that meeting. All thingcs fell out very ill and vnluckily to Muteczuma his Tributaries, and
his frieiides, as we shall hereafter spcake: but for the inlargement of our religion, ex-
ceeding well. For wee hope, it shall shortly come to passe that those blouddie sacrifices shall
bee taken away from among them, through the imbracing of the commandements of Christ.
So they passed sixe dayes quietly, but all the dayes following, ful of sorrow, and calamitie, so
that nothing coulde eucr haue fallen out more vnhappily to any people, not onely to a King.
For after those seucn dayes, whether that it so fell out, or that Cortes woulde thereby take
occasion, hee sayd, he receiucd letters a lillc betore from that '^ouernour whom he left in the twm lo tor.
garrison of the Colonic of Vera Crux, wherby that Gouerno'ir ^:|gnified, that Coalcopoca the I," n™.!^ of'vcu
King of that prouince, where Cortes erected a Colonie, callei Ai neria, had committed a foule Crui.
matter, not by anie meanes to be indured. That Gouemour -.ported that Coalcopoca sent
messengers vnto him, to tell him that the King Coalcopoca came not yet vnto him to salute
him, and doe him that reucrence, due to so great a King, as he was, whome Cortes and his
companions acknowledge, because he was to passe through the enemies countryes, from whom
they feared some inconuenience woulde ensue, and therefore desireth, that the Gouernour
woulde scndc some of his Spanyardes vnto him, to accompanie him in the way for his de-
fence. For, he sayde, hee was in good hope, that the enemie durst not attempt any thing
against him, while the Spanyardes were in his companie. The Gouernour gauecredite to the
messengers, and sent fonre Spanyardes to Coalcopoca, to accompany him vnto him, through
countries, friends to him but enemies to Coalcopoca. The messengers going vnto him, were
assaulted within the borders of Coalcopoca, two of them the robbers on the high way side
slew presently, the other two being grieuously wounded, escaped. The Gouernour suppos-
ing it was doone by the practise of Coalcopoca, in reuenge of the matter, goeth agaynst Coal-
copoca, Hee haddc onely two horses, & with those, certayne shot, and some peeces of
ordiniice, and footemen. He bringeth .50. of his companie with him, yet scndeth for the bor-
dering enemies of Coalcopoca to come to aide him, and so they assault the citie of Coalcopoca.
The Coalcopocans fiercely resisted. In the assault they slew seuen Spanyardes, and many of
those that came to ayde ihcm. At length the seat of Coalcopoca was vanquished, and made
a pray, many citizens being slayne and taken : But Coalcopoca escaped by flight. Cortes
hauing gotten this occasion detCiinined to destroy and ouerthrow Muteczuma fearing least
peradut'turc fortune might chang, or lest at any time becoming loathsome vnto the, through
y insolecy of the Spanyards, whom specially when they were idle and full fed he coulde
hardly rcstrainc, fearing also least through the long & continuall trouble of entertainment, he
mi,t,ht make them desperate who entertained them, he goeth to Muteczuma: and affirmcth
that if was written, and tolde him, that Coalcopoca his Tributary did those things against the
Gouernour of Vera Crux, not onely not without the priuitie of Muteczuma, but by his com-
maundement. Cortes sayde he woulde not haue beleeued it. Yet totake allsuspition outof the
minde of the great King, to whose earesas he sayd, the report of the matter came, .Muteczuma
must come to the Pallacc where Cortes himselfe dwelt, that hoc might write that he had him in a ".i<- uej by
his power, although his purpose were not to alter any thing concerning the gouernment of the M",".,"u,,,''/iMo
citie or the kingdomes. But .Muteczuma, although he vnderstood his authoritie bcganncnow hi. pu«er.
to bee weakened, yet grauntcd his request. He commandeth his horselittcr to be brought,
wherein hee might come vnto him. Whereupon •hrough so great an alteration of thinges, a
nnirmuring arose among the people, and thcv beganne to make a tumult. Muteczuma com-
manded thcni to lay downe their armes, and bee quiet : and per-.waded them all, that hee did
it of his owne accordc. His Nobles and familiar friendes followed their maister with teares,
After a few dayes, he desircth, that hee woulde sende for Coalcopoca, and the partakers ri"
that wicked practise to puni.she them, that so hee might acquitte his innocencie with the
great King. Muteczuma obeyeth: and callinge for certayne of his faithful! friendes, giuelh
them his pryuic scale, in token of his last will, adding this also in charge, that calling the next
tributary people vnto them, they eiideuour to bring him by force, if hee dcnyed to come.
Coalcopoca, and one of hissonnes, and 15 Noblemen come. He denyed at the first, that he Co.iIcofccj >t'.t
did it by the consent of Muteczuma. Whereupon Cortes making a great fire in a large and coikiT"'' "*

Y y 2 spacious

'.■^

r-f>

■' ■ I

ft'

■^N'! f.t

■'"l4li

""41
: 11? -

!<,l!

1 : ■ ^ '^i

|1, ,f!' I.!

-'I

111 .1

liri','iJ^ !h/ii

■jf!

iC.r

.'US

Mutrczuma ap>
pcjclicd of con*
spir.icir is houad
^liih fetters.

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

Tlu^ft Decade.

Cortrs to Mu-

tccium^

in i'. icl Zu-
Tu.la.

1 jiiui..:jj'pa.

T' '111.

C '.itflimaic'is

kili^ lI i'ctiis.

8.riuilkiirJ'eflts

spacious streete, commaunded Coalcopoca with his sonne, and the rest to be burned, Mutec-
zuma and all his huge princely citty looking on, the sentece of treason was pronounced against
them. But when they saw they should be brought to receiue punishment they confessed
that Muteczuma commaunded them. Whereupon Cortes who by seeking occasion, went
about to challenge the Empire of Muteczuma vntohimselfe, bindeth Muteczuma (whom he had
with him) with fetters, and reuiled him besides with threatening speeches. Vnhappy Mutec-
zuma then, astonished at so Strang a matter, was full of feare, and his courage began to faile,
so that he durst not now lift vpp his head, nor intreate aydc of his subiectes and friendes, yet
he presently loosed him, and greatly blamed him for the deede. But he confessed hee had
deserued punishment, who like a meeke lambe with patient minde seemed to suffer these
rules harder then those which are inioyned grammer schollers, being but beardlesse boyeg,
and quietly beareth all things, least any sedition of the Gitiizens and Nobilitie might arise.
Any yoake whatsoeuer seemed to bee more easic vnto him, then the stirring vp of his people,
as if he had beene guided by the example of Dioclesian, who rather determined io drinke
poyson, then to take the Empire vpon him againe, which he had once reiected. After that
Cortes speaketh to Muteczuma, saying, that he hoped, hee would kecpe the promiise he had
made, concerning his obedience,and other couenants concluded in the bchalfe of that great King
of Spayne, wherefore to fulfill his desire, if hee would, hee might return liacke vnto his pal-
lace, where he liued before in princely manner. Cortes oflTereth him this fuuour, but he re-
fused it, saying, it was not possible, but he should be prouoked by his nobility, and tormented
with a thousand troubles, and saith further, that their mindes were prepared to rayse tumulu,
who (as he vnderstood) gnashed their teeth for anger, because he intertained Cortes, and his
companions, especially with such a multitude of hatefull oflitials. He confessed, that he
lined more quietly and safely with with our mennc, then to conucrse with such an vnruly .ond
tempestuous multitude of his subicctes. Yet sometimes he went to his pallares to walke,
which hee had built with wonderful curiosity and art for his delight, whereof wee shall spiakc
more at large hereafter. So, they liued both together vnder one roole a long time, Jortcs
the guest intertained, and Muteczuma the intcrtaynrr, but now contrary. When soeiicr he
returned in the cuening, he went not to the antieiit pallacc of his auncestors, and his seatc,
but to the palL-icc of Cortes. Descending from his horsC-litter, he gaue gifts to all his fol-
lowers, and to the Spiiyardes also, and desired to haue the .Spaniards take him by the hand lu
whome hee culled, and spake vnto them with chccrerull conntenanrc, and courteous spea( he>i.
The st.ite of things being th\is, Cortes desired .Muteczuma, to shew him the njynes of golde,
from whence he and his auncestors had their gold: 1 am well content saith Mntec/aima: and
presently he commanded skilful workemen experimented in that art to be brought vnto him.
Diners men with Spaniardes appoyntcd by Cortes are sent into diuers places to bringe mcwm
to Cortes, what they had scene. They are first directed to the gold mines of a certaine pr.j.
uincc called Zuzulla. That prouiiice is 80 leagues distant from the I'allace of Tenusiiiai:,
where thty palhercd gold out of three riuers with little trouble, and yet the .Spaniardes lonke
not tlicir instruments with them, wherewith to dense it. For the inhabitants doe not mi
liiyhly estccnie gohlc, fliat thev make aiiv reckoning to seekc for it otherwise, then, that cast-
ing \p the saiul, they may picke out the greater graines of gold among the little >ion('s
They say, that loiintrie, especially in the middle thereof, is replenished with staielv towius
within a leagiie-i dist.incc one from another. He sent others to the coiintrey called T.iiiiacii-
lappa, whose inhabitants arc richer, and more costly and curious in their attire, the the 7,n-
zullaiii, because they inioy a more fertile sovle. He apoynted others also to go to aii.iilior
j)rouince named M.ilinaliepcch, which Iveth neerer the Sea. (iO. leagues distant from that
Princely lake. There they gathered golde out of a great riiier. Others went to a coiinircv in
the mouiitaines, named Tcni'*. Heere are tierce warriours, who haue spearc'* ol' .'!(>. spans lon^,
fit fcr fight. Cuatclimaccus, the King thereof, is free from the subiei tion oC.Mntec/.uina ; who
sayd, lli.it the .Spaniardes might lawfully set footing in his borders, but not the .Miitec zuinaiic<.
So Coafeliinacciis peaceably rereined t!ie Spaniardes, and fed them daintily. I'his Coiiiilry
Tenis is famous for 8. riucrs, all which ingender gold. This King sent messengers to Corlts,

t'j

\¥)

1 /I. I

m''-^

Thefift Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

849

iiterzu*
110 nirtu

to offer himselfe and all that he had. Others were apoynted to goe to a prouince called Ta-
chintebech, who found two riuers there yeelding gold, and that it was a fit country for planta- Tichimei«ci»
tion of a Colony. Cortes being certified of the goodnes of this countrie oi" Tachintebech, *"'''•
desired of Muteczuma, that he would erect an house in that prouince, in the behalfe
of our great King, whether, such as went thether to gather gold, might resort. This motion
pleased him well: whereupon he commaunded the kings Carpenters to bee readie at hande.
The diligence of his seruantes was so great that within Icsse then the space of two moncths, ^ ^^^
they built a pallace, able to receiue any great Prince, and all his kingly traine, that they at T."hiiu^i«h
should lacke nothing. In the meane space while the house was building in the twinckling of JjJlJm',',^'" "
an eye, as I may say, graincs of Panick, wherewith they make bread, innumerable measures,
and many small pulse, and diuers kindes of other pulse were sowne, & they planted also 200(>.
of those trees, which beare the almonde, which they vse in stead of mony, whereof else where
I haue spoken more at large. Men of meane capacity, will thinke it but a phantasie, that
mony should be gathered from trees. Without the greater house, three other houses were
built, apoynted as houses of seruice for the pallace. They made also great pooles of fresh-
water, where aboundance of fish and water-foule might be kept, and maintained, but specially
geese. For he caused 500. at one clap to be cast in, because they haue more vse of theni,
for the feathers, whereof they make many sortes of couerings. For they plucke the feathers
from them euery yeere in the beginning of the spring. lie added also hens, which are greater
then our pcacockes, & not inferiour to the in tast, as I sayd elsewhere, whereof he pro-
uidcd 1.500. for present foode, & for increase of chickens. Besides, they make all instru- '"'"""""" of
ments what soeuer might serue for tillage of the ground, and for the vse of husbfidry. Cortes '""''^"'''>-
writeth, that that pallace erected in sosmal a time, if it might iiaiie bin sold, to haue bin more
worth then 20000. Castellans, cSc that there was not the like thereof in all Spaine. We grant
what they grant. Muteczuma being afterward dcnuided where there was any hauen, answered, °"" ^'
he could not tell, because he neuer had any care of matters pertayning to the sea co.ist : yet »i Sc.!."
hcc would giue him all the shoare described in painting, that hee might choose a place him-
(.elfe, at his owne pleasure. And to that cndc, he sent skilfull maisters of those shoarcs with
the Spaniards, who trauaile diuers parts. In the prouince Guazacalco, whose king is Gu^acnUo.
(Icailly enemic to Muteczuma, the king admitted the Spaiii.ardes, but not the Nfuteczumanes.
This king sayth he had heard of fiie worthincssc of our men, and of their warlike prowcsse, ''"'"■ •"'"" '■"^-
i-iiue they subdued the I'otenchianenscs, and from that time he desired the amiticand friend- to'evm.. '*
>hip of our men, and sayth that hee wishclh that their comniing might be prosperous, and
.sho\>cd them the great mouth of a riiier, which riuer (they saye) is dcepe, where they mi^ht
liaue harbour for their greater shippcs. There, he began to erect a Colony, the king so de-
siring it, who after the manerof that country, set vp six of his Tributaries houses vppnn the
luiikc of that riuer. lie promised more, when need shall require and inuited the Spaniards to
a pcrpetuall habitation, if they would settle themselues within his borders, way, euen wiihin his
titty aUo, if they ratiicr sought it. Ilee sent presents in token of desired amity, although n( t
viTV sumptuous, and enibas^adours also to Cortes to ofler his obedience. Let vs returne
to .Mutcfzumas matters againe. Muteczuma being detcined, or (that I may more Crcelv
spcake, ) brought into honest scriiitude, (.'atamazinus the possessor of the prouince of llaro- c.itam.ui. u< k.
iiicana, (the cheifc titty where of isTesucto, ) being a subiect, and ajiyed to Muteczuma, '"""''■
began to rebell : and openly profes^-cd that now, hee would neyther obey Cortes, nor Mutec-
zuma any lunger, and proudly ntiuanccd his crest against tlicm both. This King hath domi-
nion outT foure litties (from thence he is called Nahautccal, because Nahau signifieth foure,
and te»al Lord) vet are they vnder the Umpire of Muteczuma; .\s your Uolinesse knowes, it
I'llleth out in our kingdoms of Kurope, that there are mighty Princes vnder the F.mperours
in (nrmany, and vnder the kings of Spaine, and France, yet are they subiect to Emperours,
and kings with the countries themselues, whi( u (hey command. They say, that the theifof
those citties, Tcsucco ; contayneth 300t;0. houses, famous for excellent wals, suinpti-ous i\sii,c«it;ty,
tcmplei, and stately houses : and the rest, haue some .'J. or 4000. houses, with country farnus,
utrcctcs, and rich villages, blessed with u fruitfull soylc. fhe intsscngers of Cortes inuiting

liini

> :'

-ill:!

*• • t

■1..-J.

.*,

it*

i M

ai» r ' r »i

■ r.

f ■

.lit

mm.

*"^.

^>>,;;

350

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tliefft Decade.

' ) I 1 ' ,

^ if I.

) I

, it:

I ■ ■ ;1|

ni-i

■111'' i i

-I'^'-if

I . >

The fiiirwcre of
Cjtamazintts to
the ofTer of
peace.

Muteczuma dis-
wadeth to warrc
with Calamaii-
nui.

Carani.i?.inu^
suiprisid Jlld
biuugtit lu Cor-
tes.

Cac'.iscasiniistlie
Itroiher made

Vreseiiti dc-

rriaLiiidrd I') I'C

^^IH to l!ic K

of Spayne.

140CO. Ca'td-
iane, i.f .!• Id f. i
the kiiii- of
fj)>4liK-.

M.'ttTiin ■iij'ea-
idjat opui.OuiJ.

The klnr< 5.
('art cf tlic sil*
uel.

him to peace, he answered with a proud and haughty countcnaticc : doe you thinke vs to be
so deiected in mind, that we will subject our necks to you strangers ? Ilee also sharpely re-
proued Muteczuma, that he so faintly yeelded himselfe into the power of our men : and that
tiicy should vnderstand what hee was, if they came vnto him. And casting out his armps, he
said, let them coine whensoeuer they would. This being reported Cortes desired to inuaJc
Caiamazinus with hostile armes: Muteczuma aduised him to dcale otherwise. Forsliujrhfcr
was prepared, if they came to handy blowes, because Caiamazinus was mighty, and Lord and
Commaunder of men well experimented in armes. That the victory would be doubtfull, and
if he ouercame, it would be bloody and therefore he thought best, lodeilc with him bysiih-
fifty, and cunning stratagems, lie answered, that care should be left to him : and saytli,
that he will cut Catainazinus his combe, without any great dilficulty. Therefore sending" for
his noble Stipendiary Captaines, hee saytli, tha* lice would supprcsse the rash insolency of
Catamazinus. These Captaines had alliance with Muteczuma ami Catamazinus, and his lami-
liar friends, who being suborned, he commaiideth to doe llieir endruour to take Catama/inu^
and bring him vnto him whether hee woulde or no, and if they s.iwe it necdefull to kill him.
The circumstances are long, and the history tedious : but it sulliceth to declare how the mat-
ter was acted. The Captaines performed the commaundement of their maisier, luckily,
They tnoke Catamazinus by violence in the night, vnprepared, and fearing nothing, and sur-
prised him by boates in his owne house, seated on the briiikeof a salt lake, and brought liiin
to the pallace of Tenustiian standing in the lake. Hee gaiie Catamazinus to Cortes, who being
imprysoned and bound in chaiiies, lie placed his brother Cacuscazinus in his kingdomc, who
was obedient to Muteczuma. The people of those citties de>ircd it, because they were
to proutilv gouerned by Catamazinus, neyther durst the brother line with the brother, because
hee was to .Kiubborne, and captious. A lewe dayes after, Cortes jicrswaded Muteczuma, to
send messengers to the Noble menne, (who hearing their Kings oration, concerning tho
performing of their obetlienre to the great King of Sp.iine, went barke againe vnto their
natiue counuies) to require of euerv of them, some parte of those things they possessed, to be
sent to the great King of Spavne, becau>e he was huisily iniplovcd in framing of a ceriainp
great and endles j)fice of worke, and was carffull to liiiish the building hee had vndertakpii.
Muteczuma granted his request. WluTelorc of his familiar friendes. Noble men knnwrie viitn
him, as it liappentth in kings houses, through conuersing in kings secret chambers, Cortes
seiidel' !«■() or three, to euerv noble man, with as many Spanxardes to accompany them. .S,
great a leare was now contciucil among them, itiat hearing the name of the Spaniardes ri i
man knew how to mutter, or to thinke otherwise, then that he sh(Uild be conimaiiiulci.
Diners men went to diners places, some ;)(). some (id. xome SO. and some an l(K). Icai^m^
and more, anil demanndcd, and recciued large and liberall gifts. There was such plenty of
gold, that Cortes writetli, liiat the ,'>. parte of that which was molten, due vnto the Kinu",
amounted to ,'5^(MX). Castellins of i.'olcl : and vour llolincs^o kn<iwetli, that the coyne wliirf;
they call a C:i>li'llan, cxicedflh the Ducat, a third part. Besides the gold which was to he
nu'lfed, they brought ni.iny jirccious iew<ls of great waiglit, and value, vcrv turi(,i;s|v
wrought, wlurein, the art and workeman>liip txicedcd the mettall For thev liaiie most in-
genious workemeii of all :irl-i, esjieeially lor working in gold, and siluer, whereof your lldi-
nesse is not ignorant. For your llolinessc hath scene many, iS; hath sometimes vvondrcd at
the curious workmanship thereof, when you were with vs, before vou attavned to that hi'li
and mighty throne. Cortes alsosaitli. tliat they brought no meane ^tore of precious stone*.
Hut of the siluer wiiii li wa< brought, Cortex writelh, that the Kings lift part, was more then an
hundred waight, of eight oiiiues, \vhi< li the Spaiiyard calletli markes. 'I'hey rejiort incrciiihle
matters of Cotton, htnishoKlc-siun'e, tajiesirv or arras hangings, garments, and couerlefs. Yet
are they to be thought credible, when such a person dare boldelv write such things to the
Kmperour, and the ,Senatours of our Indian (,'olledge. He addeth further, that he omitted
many ihingcs, least hee should bee troublesome in recounting so great variety of thiri"s.
'J'hey also who rcturiie vnto vs fro flience, alii, me the same. Hut, as for those things which
hcc receiued from the King himselfe .Mulec/.um.i, they are so admirable both for the value,

and

\ ' I

Pliv ;ni^

Tlu'Jift Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

351

fro»

and art, that I thinkc it best to omit them, before we see them. What was sent before, we

WW, together with your Holinesse in that famous towne Valdolet, which in the fourth Decade

wc described. He writefh, that hcc will shortly send many of those thinges. They, who

come vnto vs, say that the former, were much inferiour, both in number, quality, and value.

Cortes gauc himsclfe to rest & quietnes, and knew not what to doe in so great, and happy a ThevnsrMiciie

sutccsse of things, for beholding the power of Muteczuina, the largenes of his Empire, and P"™" *= 'ich<»

the order, elegancy, and plenty of his house, confesselh that he knowes not which way to ° """""'"•

tiirnc himsclfe, nor were to begin, to make report thereof. Yet, he declareth, ^ he wold

begin witli that prouince, where those lakes, and the great citty of Tenustitan, and many

others lif, and that hee will afterwnrJes speake of the rest He sayth, the iirouince is called ■^'"'"''"

... 1 • I , • 1 • « I T^i • I I . i « . • ■ name ot i i

Me.s.-iira, inclosed with high mountains. In that Plaine are those two lakes, the fresh, and the uijiw.
other salt, as I saydo before. They say, that, that plaine is 70. leagues in circuite about, the
greatest part whereof is tilled with lakes. Seeing the citty of Tenustitan is the seate of
the great King Mutcczuma, placed in the center of a salt lake: which way soeueryou go vnto
it, it is a league and a hall'c, or two leagues, distant from the Continent, the lake day and Mu««uiiu hi»
nii;!it is plyed with bcatcs going and returning. For they goe by stone bridges made by ccm'r'of'a'uiv
hand, fouro leagues, as from the foure sides, lor the most part ioyned together, and solid, yet '"'"•
for a li-ng space <ipen, a. id dcuided, with beames layde oner those ports vnderpropped by
posts, whereby the flowing, and ct)bing waters may hauc a passage, and whereby they may
easily be drawne v|)p, if any daunger nppeare. They say, those bridges are two sprcares
length broade. l)ne of them, wee described, when Cortes mettc with Muteczuma, from
thence, t'le forme and fashion of the rest, may bee taken. Two conduits of water were con-
iieicd by tiie bridge, witliout iinpcdiintt to the bridge. All the citty take their drinke from
ihcnce. And places arc appointed along the bridg, for the kings rentgatherers, who keepe
boates to carry water tlirmigh the cit-. to be sold, and require tribute of such as fetch water there.
This conduit hath ii. channels : so that whe one is foiile, through the mossy furring of the run-
ning water, they lurne the course of the water into another channell, while the other beclensed,
so cvlher channell beeing scoure;! by turne, they drinke purified water throughout the whole
(itv. They say tlic thickncs of that pipe, equalleih the body of an oxc. What shall I
speake of the multitude of l)ridges, throughout the citty itselfe, whereby neighbours pa.sse BiiJgcs.
(Hicr vnto neighhiurs ? They are made of timber, and all of them so bro.id, that ten men
mav waike together in a ranke, they are innumerable as they say, and wee can ihinke no lesse.
For their waves for fhe most part, are by water: yet are there other wayes by land, as ap-
pc:ii'eth in our fnn<ius ciunnion wealth of Venice. Moreouer, they sav, there are other citties
biiilt and founded ypwii either lake, both on the banke, and on the water, after the manner of
Venice. As lor Tenu-titan it-elfe, they re|)ort, that it consisteth of 60. thousand houses, or T.iuiiiiijhaih
thereabout, anil if the re^t be true, w(H<h is deliiiered, none mav obiect against the possibility *o>=^ '■>"'>"•
ihereof. There are exceeding L'reat sireetes therein, but specially one, inclo.sed on euery side
with waikes or galleries ; whi( h is the reeeit of all marchants and other tradesmen. Heere
ilicre are worthy shoppes and warehouses of all vendible wares, most commodious lor apparell, T"''r' ^"''"""
\ii tiialling, aid \v:nlike, and ( luill oniainenls : you may euery day in the markets, and
l.iires nnnihcr (iO. th(.iisaiid fnen buyers, and sellers, who bring of the commodities of their
nmiitrv in boates vnto tiie ( ittv, an! carry hacke some forraine marchandise with them againe.
.\> ail our e<.untry men with vs v^e to ri mi.iy their carriages, vpon asses, or else vpon packe-
h(ir>es, r carls, so d(.tii fiie counirv people out of the villages and countrv farmes to the
ncfjhbourin:.; townes, and litties, what-oeucr tliev haue gathered through their labourious in-
(hisiry and^are: and at tl^eir returne in the enening, cary home, wood, strawe, wine, wheate,
barh, i^im'ved loiile, & sue •. like, wherewitii t<i satislie either ncressity, or appetite. But
there isanoiher gre;o liem tile there lor all strangers, and tr.,ders. For there is no sfreete, bi-
iiiah truiiall, or (jua.lriuiall, whece there are not victuallers. Euery moment of an houre j,o„,-.,jo„s£,,
ros' a"d >.od(lei m<..!i'- of loule, ami foure footed Ijeasts are there to bee fotinde, but o.xcn, >h"P''
ciates, and shi'cpc 'h y hauc none. Young whelpes flesh is vsuall there, as I haue alreadv n,,'hVa,my"
'.ivd, which they geld and fatte for foode, they haue also store and plenty of dccre and ^''''I'JI.^j', J;^'"';^

bore, bJrc.

* ,■

i1.

1 1

1 ' ' ?

I 'ill'

96S

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

ST'ic^// Decade.

Hmi.

Coniti.
Turilfi.
Bhckc birdei.
firirigti.
Phcunti.

A prtijr con-

CCt|lt«

bore, and they are excellent hunters: and haue also harefi, and conies, turtle doues, blacke
birdes, and ccrtaine birdcs feeding vpon (iKgnand grapes Paririgcs, and other birdi-s ihcy call
Atagenes, that country also nourisheth I'hesants. And among other domcsiicall foulc, cuen
as our country women bring vp chickens, so do they maintaine Gccsc and Durkcs, &
Peacockes which our country men call hennes. I haue hccrclolorc sayd, that in );rcatiics, &

Of th. nttur. of colour of fcathcrs. they arc like Peahennes. But I neucr yet described their nature and djs.

their Hem ind position. The fcmallcs sometimes lay '20. or .W. egges, so that it is a inulti|)lyiiig r(ini,,a„y
^ "■ The males, are alwaycs in loue, and therefore they say, they are very liglu meafc of dis-csijon.

They alwayes stand gazing and looking vpon themsclucs before the fcmallts, and as our pea-
cockes doe, they walke all the whole day with their traines spread like a wheelc, before their
beloued femalles, letting and going crossewise, as our peacockes also doc, and contimiaily
euery moment, after they haue gone foure strides, or little more, they all make a noyse, like a
sicke man oppressed with a violent feucr, when he gnasheth and chattcrelh with his tcctli for
cold. They shcwe diners colours at their pleasure among the feathers of the nccke, sliininjr
sometimes blewe, sometimes grcene, and lastly purple, according to the (liners motion of ilu-
feathers, as a delicate young man insnared with thelouc of his lemman desiring to yceld content-
ment & delight. But a ccrtaine priest called Benedictus Montinus, a curious searcher of tlinsc
countries, told me one thing, which hee sayd, hec learned by experience, hard for mee to be-
leeue. He sayth, hee nourished many flockes of these peacockes, and w.is very rarefull to mul-
tiply them by generation : who sayth, that the male is troubled with certaync impcdimcnics in
the legges, that he can scarse allure the henne to treade her, vnlesse sonic knowne person t.nke
her in his hand, and hold her, nor doth the henne (saith he) refuse to bee taken, nnr is the
male discouraged from coming vnto her. For as soone as hee pcrceiueih the henne which he
loueth, is held, hec presently commclh vnto her, and pcrformes his businesse iji the hand nf
the holder. This he rcportcth, yet his ft-Ilowes say it fallcth out very seldome so. Of ihc^c
peacockes. Geese, and Duckes, they haue grc.it plenty of cg<;es, so tiiat, whether ihcy mH
haue them raw, or dressed after diners manners, or scrued vppon sippctts, they haue ihcni
alwaies at hand. They haue ?Uo with them, plenty of fisii, both of the riucr, and of the lake,
but no sea fish, for they are a great distance from the sea, ;in<l of those, raw, boyled, or roxird,
in.irchants get store at their pleasure. But of our countrie friiile-i, they haue chcrrii*,
jihimmes, and apples, of diuers kindcs, but many of those sortesof fruitesarc vnknowne in v«
Sfany rauening foules of euery kiiule fur scnsuall appetite, are sold aliue, and their whole
skinnes stuffed with cotton, so that such as behold them, would ihinke they were lining. All
streetes, and passages haue their artificers, diuidcd apart. They highly olcemc Ilerbari.ts
and .Vpothccaries, to cure diseases. They haue also many kindcs of j)ot herbes, as leliice,
raddish, cresses, garlickr, on)ons, and many other herbes besides. They gather ccriaine
hony, and wax from trees, and such bony as our countr)' yeeldeth from bees. I haue nnw
sonicicntiy spoken (oncernin;; crammed foiile, foure-footcd beasts, (isiies, and other thin;;-
scruing for foode, and sensualitic : but with what mony these tilings are done, it is a pica>iii •
story to rcjiort, but your Ilolinc-sc hath heard it, and 1 iiaueelse where written thereof.

Fiuilei.

P..ihpiHf«.
ir-iiiy ) jtlvred
from nee,.
Ol btci.

M.infv .I'the
litiiTi i>l trees.

The fourth Chapter.

I Haue heeretofore said that their currant money is of the fruits of ccrtaine trees, like our al-
monds, which they call Cachoas. The vlility and benefit thereof is two fouKl : for this almondc
" j"V .T"' *" '*"PP''*^''' '''^ ^^^ of monie, and is lit, to make drink, of itselfe it is not to be eaten, hrraii«e
m Mf) tit for a it is somcwhaf bitter, although tender as a blaiinched almond. But being bniiscJ tr
ii"*jrth reftr"''""!''"'' '" ^ mortaf, it is kf'pt for drinke, a portion of the powder whereof being ca>.t iiiin
th.inonvto water, and then stirred about a little, drinke is made thereof, fitte for a king. O bk^-cj
ri'n'r^^.'ir'r^ """"')■ ^'^ixh yetldetb swcete, and profitable drinke for mankinde, and prcscructli tiie piw-
huiti.,1, ti. liif scssors thereof free from the hellish pestilence of auarice, because it cannot be long l,e|)t, ir
"!'.lf',iTc^tJ"t°"''''' ^"der <ir(Uin(lc. There arc also many other sorirs of drinke, (as it commonly liappenetli
•"•'»••. in the ("oiintry where your Holinesse was borne,) of ale, and syilcr, and the graine .Mai/inni

bruised and boyled in ccriaine great vessels, or jiitchcrs, with fruitcs and certaync lierlie^,

\vlmh

Vtmk-.i.

nefift Decade. TRAFFIQUliS, AND DISCOUERIES. 353

which drinkc, eucry faiierne or victualling house where meate is dressed, affordcth to such as
will buy the same. Before your Ilolinesse departed out of Spayne, you vnderstoode of that ^,1",' ,"„"";",'„
strange matter of the mony, neucr heard of before. But how that tree might be planted, and tjudiinge
nourished, and grow, wee had not then heard : but now all things are better knowne vnto vs. li;',;:^''"'""
Those trees grow but in fewe places: for they haue neede of an hot, and moist country, in-
dued with a cnrtaine milde temper of the ayre. There are Kings, whose rents, and reuenues
arc only the fruits of those trees. By exchange and barter thereof they buy them necessary
tilings, as slaucs, and garments, and whatsoeucr maketh for ornament, or other vscs. Mar-
chantcs bring in diners wares and commodities vnto them, and carry out plenty of those
fruitps, whicii the rest of the prouinces vse. These almondes are so currant, as by that
nicanes, all the borderers are made partakers thereof. The like happencth in all countries :
for who socuer haue spices, gold, siluer, Steele, iron, leade, or any other mettall, through the
bounty of their country, they oblaine the forrainc commotlity which they desire. For they goe
through other countries, which want these marchandies, or which through humane eireminacy
suppose they want them, and bring home such things as they knowe are acceptable to their
neighbour*, that through this varietic of thinges they may adorne nature. So wee line in the
world, and so we must speake. But with what art these trees are nourished, I am now to dccl aer
The yong i*t tender tree is plated vndcrany other tree, that as a yong infant in the bo.some
of the nurse, it ni;iv be secured fro ^ heat of the sun, & violence of showers. But after if is
grown vp V it may spread her roots, & being now hardened, may inioy y c.dmc breathing
of \- aire tV: su >, the nourishing tree is either rooted vp, or cut down. I.et this suffice
for the tree which beareth money: which if comon & base spirits wil not beleeue, I desire not
to compel them thereunto. VVhatsocuer also serueth for the building or ornament for houses, Ji'™"'^,!,'uid «
is sold ill the -Ireets of Tenustitan and common markets, as beames, rafters, wood, lime, mortcr, itnuii.u.i.
(ir plavstering, brickc, and stones reailic hewed for present vse. Many sorts also of earthen
vessels are sold there, as water pots, greate iiiggs, chargers, gobblets, dishes, colenders, basens,
frying pans, porringers, pitchers, all these ves>els arc cunningly wrought. They lacke Steele,
atid iron : yet haue they great plenty of gold, siluer, tinne, leade, and copper. Whether a
man de'«ire the rude mettall, or to haue it molten, or beaten out, and cunningly made into
any kinde of lewell, hec shall find them ready wrought. They are so sharpe witted, and inge-
nious, that whatsoeucr the workemans eyes behold, they presently forge, and graue it so fayre, j|^'''„J™'I"',uj
that they iniinitate nature. There is no aspect, countenance, or shape of any birde, or foure icidun »giLt-
footcd beast, whereof Mufec/.uma hath not t!ie similitudes and rejirescntations, most '"'"'
liiiely coimterfcilinn them that bee aliue, and whosoeucr beholdeth them a farre off, would
ihinke they were lining. And your Holinessc knowcs it very well : for your Holincssc hath
scene nianv of them in a present, which was brought, before you tooke your iourny from
Spiiinc to the Citty. There is also another thing not to be omitted. In the broad field of a '^ "'."" '"'""
l.irge streete standeth an huge .Senate house, where tenne or twelue auncient men authorised, "
conlinually sit, as lawiers readie Ut decide and iudge of controuersies arising. And bv them
stand sergeants to execute their commaundcmcnt: the Ciarkes of the market also arc present cur"eTofiii
there, who haue the charge of the measures, and numbers, whether Ihey vse waight or no, m«k«.
thev iKid not yet heard. There is another thing besides much to bee wondered at. I haue
hccretofore sayd, that there is great plenty of all thinges, in that citty compassed with a salt
lake, although they haue neythcr beastes of burthen. Slides, or Asses, nor Oxen wherewith
todrawe waynes or cartes. But many with good reason will demand by what meanes or industry
such huge beames especially, and stones fit for building, and such other things, & the rest ,
might bee rarryed ? Let them know, that all these things are carry ed vpon the shoulders of
••laues: and it is not without admiration, that seeing they want iron and Steele, they so cim-
ningly frame and make all thinges with such eleganvy and perfection. Let thcni vndcr-
vt.nnde tiiat all thinces are formetl and fashioned dinersly with stones. In the beirinnin" ofV^J''""''"
iiii-i SO rare inuention, I gofte one ot them, which L liristophorus Colonus, Admirall of liie Sea " u.ioim
c-iiie inee. This stone was of a greeiic darkishe colour, fastened in most firme and harde ll'^i'tVivuh*^*"
uDode, which was the handle or hclue thereof' I stroke with all mj force vjion Iron baires, «"""

Slnip* in »reid
ot Srjst* of bur-
tticii.

vol., V.

P'Ul

m i

^ i I ■ ■

''■3 ' M ■.

il. fe

\'OYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Thefift DtcaHe.

':!

If I"!

iH.i \
I '4

ii, » »

J' 'I

!i ?(

and dented the Iron with my iitroke* without •ipnyling or hurting n( the ittonc in any part
thereof. With these Rtones thrrcfure they make their inHtrumcntx, for hewing of stone or
cutting of timber, or any workemanship in j>old or «ihier. After this, Cortcn fearing Ilmt
which commonly fnlleth out in the vnconstancy and fragility of humane things, to \vit, tliat
the variable mindeit of men might change, and Hupposing that it might come to pa.ssc, thnt
the Tcnustitaneti, eyther wearied through the continuall trouble of intrrlainemcnt, op xn,,!,
any other occasion taken whatitocuer, would risi^ vpp aguinst him, and take armctt, alili(i||<r||
Mutrr/.uma cndeiioured to hinder the same, when hcc saw himscll'o compassed ajjout with
buiUtiinvater."!, and draw bridges, hec built 4. Hmalegallies in the calt lake, will) 2. ranges of i^v^^
'"u.r called Brigantinea, that vpon any vrgi'nt necessity assayling him, he mi;;ht set 20. men a
shoare at once, with the horBes. The Drigantines beinge finished, when through the bciidite
thereof he nowe thought himselfcsafe, hre determined to search the secretes of that city, whirl)
were of any moment or worth. First therefore, Mufcczuina acconii):iMying him, hcc vi>,iiri|,
the Churches: where, as with vs, in euery Tribe called a Parisho, tlie Ciuirclics are a|| j,^.
signed to their particular Saint, so in eiirry strcefo with them, their temples arc dedicated to
their peculiar Idols. ])ut your Ilolincsse shall heare what thingcs are reported of tlu-ir

Th« iifjcririion grcateiit temple, & cheifest Idols. He sayth, it is a famous and renowned stpiarc teinplc.

cmmm''"" ^^ euery side thereof, there is an huge gate, whereunto, those 4. admirable, paued \v;i

CortM liulli
4. imall
■nj the caiur
thereof.

Euery temple
hath a peculiar
Idol).

'I'emple.

yes.

A C'.llf dgr of
yjlH bi yel.

(which are in stead of a bridge from the Continent) directly answcre. The largenes of thai

temple in situation, is inatchable with a towiie of 500. houses : it is Ibrlilied with high stoiic

wals, very well, and cunningly made, and compassed about with many towerf, built alter ihc

manner of a strong ca-lle. Of many towers, he sayth, 4. of then\ are greater then llie rt>r,

and much more spacious, because in them are lialles and ehamliers appointed for the pricM-,

& prelates To the chiefe dwellings the prie^tts a.scended by j(). marble stt |)j)es : thwxc ar(

the houses of the priests, who (as I sayd) take charge of the saerilices. There the soinus (,|

the cheife menne of the cittie, are shut vpp at seuen yeeres olde, and neuer put out their

headcs, or cnnic (oorth thence, \ntill ihev Income marriagai)ie, and are brought forth to Ihc

contra* ted in niarriaye All tliaf time, they neuer cut their liayre, and at t eriaine time . i

the yeere they abstainc from all riot and cxccrsc, and meaies ingendering bloml, & ch;i>ic;i

their bodies with often fastings, least they waxe proiule, an<l so the seruani contemne reax n

the misire.-se. They are cloathed in blacke. He writeth that some of those towers urc

hi^iier then the steeple of Siuiil, wliich is very high : so that hee concludeth that he neuer s.uv

greater, better, or more curious wrought buildings in any place : but whither he hath -eiih-

any out of Spaine, let the curious aske the question. It is a fearel'ull thing to be s|)()kiii,

what they declare, and report concerning their Idols. Omitting therefore to s|ieake ol tliiir

thcii greariiioi!' greatest marble idol Wichilabuchii hi of the height of three men, not inferiour to that hii):i'

rhr drjicaii.ai statue of Hh<Kles. \Vhen any moued through piety towards any diuine power, determiruii

ii.Minijj.. to dedicate an linage thereunto, he endeiumreth to gather together of all seedes (it to Ikt

eaten, sut h an luape, as in:iy suflice for the height of that Image which he hath purposed i>

erect, bruising those secdes, and grinding them to meale. But oh cruell wickednes, oh hur-

nble lrari)arousnes, they teare in peeces so many l>oyes, and girles, or so many slaues, belorc

the meale which is to be baked, while thev draw so much bltHxi, as in stead of hike \»amic

water mav suffice to temper the lumpe, which by the hellish butchers of that art, witluuil anv

perturb ition of the stoinacke being sufficiently kneadeil, while it is moyst, and soft eiirii a-.i

jjoiter of the clay, or a wax chandler of wax, so doth this image maker, admitted and chosen

to be maister if this damned & cursed worke. I haue else where said, if 1 mistake not, th,it

these sacrifices are not slaine, by cutting of the throitt, but by thrusting a knife throii^;h the

whort ribs neer vnto tlie hart, so that their hart is pulled out, to be sacrificed while the\ be \et

lining, & behold tlieir own miserable coilition : with the blod which is next vnto the hart

they aniioint their 5;<Klds lips, but burne the heart it selfe, who tiierby suppose the di>-

pleasure of their godds to be a|)peased, and this prodigious act, the priests perswade the

people to be acceptable seruice to their Idols. But many wil demand, tV that rightly, what

they do with the flesh & mcbcrs of those miserable sacrifices: O wicked vawuing & g-iping.

Wichilabuchirhi

Ue»()f hrerc

U.trbjnwiie 1
1.1* tru^'t I.M1
luurs, it t.'uii
cjnn witlou

: 'i

Thejift Decade. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUEIUES. 353

oh loathsom nrouocatiu to vomit: ai the lewen sometimcii catc the lambw which wcre^arri'
ficcd by the old law, lo do they eate mans flesth, ragliiiK only away the handH, feet, & liowoln.
To diuc» eflcct« they forme diiicrft ImagcH of their goddi), for victoric if they be to finlu in ciodifordiuen
bnttnile, for health, for plenty of fruits, & such like, after cnery onci* pleasure. Now let r"''"'"''
v« roturnc to Corten walking about that great Church. In the halles, which ns we sayil lu -
fore, were in the lemplcH, were the great Im.i<{r!i of their goddx, & in the hallcs were dark»;
inner roomcs, into the which they enter by narrow & Htrait dorcM, whcretnito the prieNt.t only
haue accesMe. The great hallcs, beset with grriit Images, were dedicated to the Princes for
their scpulchcrs ; & the lesser, which were in the inner chambers, wcreappoyntcd for buriall
of the Nobles descended of honorable parentage: and as cucry man was of abiliiie, so eucry
yecre he offered sacrifices of mans flesh. A poore man with vs oflcreth a small inner, to the
Saints, and a rich man a great torch, many sacrifice onely with frankincense, others build
churches, as we pacific Christ and his Saints with our frankincense, and waxe, yet oflcring
the ferucnt zcalc of the heart. It happened, that while the King, and Cortes went through
the open hallcs of the grcatc church, some of Cortes his familiars, enircd into those narrow.
Si darkc chappcis, against the keepers wils, and when by torch light they saw the wals be-
smeared with a redd colour, they made proofc with the pointes of their poniardcs, wh;if it
should be, and brcake the wallcs. O bruitish minds ; the wallcs were not only bcsprincklcd °,|''[j*'™*o
with the blood of hum:inc sacrifices, but they found blood added vpon blood two fingers hdiuh rtinia.
thicke, oil loathing to the stomacke, out of the holes they made with their poniardcs lluy
say, an intolerable hellish stinrke i-isued from the rotten blood which lay hidd vndcr the fresh.
ISiit among so many horrible and feurel'ull things, one thing conimelh to mind worthy of a
lubile. \Vh;itsocuer Iinigcs were in the halles Cortescommaundedtliemtobceprcscntlycortfim.fr.
ouerthrowne, and broken, and lobe throwne downe the stcjipes of the high stayres, in 'hi"*"!! mn-
peiccH, one marble ('olossc he left standing, because it was too huge, & could not ca»ily a iiugr mum
lie taken away. Wherwith Muieczuina (being present) was much troubled, Ik all the ^^'''j""-^ |^_.
Nobilitie of the court, who complained saying : O vnhnppv, and miscrible men that wo are, p"*" "IHmuJ
the godds being angry with vs, wil take away the fruitcs which we eate, and so wee shall ',",',^|V,'',X,,i,
perish through famine, and as at other times it hath befainc vs, the (icidds being displcioed t.i jflii.i thfm
all kindes of diseases shall sodainely come vppon vs, and wee shall not be freed from our eiic- [f,;^' i|!,j ^,'^''
mics, if we be assayled bv w.irre, nor be stifFiriently secured from the tumult of the people, irct>diii.«r.
who if thev vndcrstand this, will furiously arise in armes. Whereto Cortes mnkelh answcre : i'ort«di«wi.
Dihold (sa\th he) what is more wicked, and abhominabic ? and what more foolish? doe you <t'i|i »><«Wy
fliinke those to beeCJodds, which are I'^rmcd and fashioned by the handes of your Trijjutaries? IndVi'iificiilf
N the seruice of your men more worthy, then the men ihcniseliies? Is that thing (() Mnlec'' -•'''J""
zunia) which yniir workcnien, and peratliieniure a filthy slaue fashioneih with lii^ handes,
more wdorthv then voiir maiestie ? what blindnes is this in von ? or what mad rrueltv ? lluit
vc slmghter so many humane bodies eucry veere, for these in«^eosibIe Iniai^es sjikes ? what
doe these perceiue, which neither see, nor lieare : Him, him. (I say) who created hea-
uen and earth, him, yee are to worship. This is he, from whom all good thing>i procecde,
lo whom these your sacrili<es arc most (ifl'ensine. IJesidex, it is decreed and ♦■"lablishcd by
a law frciii our Kin", whom yee confesse to dcriiie his descent from l.ini, who brought your
aiincestoiirs vnto these countrves, that whojioencr smiteth male or female with the ^wo^^,
should die the death. When Cortes had declared these thinits bv interpreters, Muteczumn
with a jialc coimtcnance, and trembling heart replvcd : Hearken O Cortes, the ceremonies [J^j"^"[;"j^*
of sacrifices left vs by tmdition from our aunccstours, those wee obsenir, and haue hitherto
exercised, but seeing yon say wee haue so murlie erred, and that it is displeasing to our King,
wee are greatly delighted to heare it, so wee may jierswade the ])copie thereunto. These
rites and ceremonies, pcradiienture our aunccstours who were left heere, found them to be
ohscnied by the inhabitants of those linie«i, so that wee haue followetl the customes of (nir
Fathers in lawe and of our wiiK ;, neyther are you to wonder that wee fell into these errors,
if they be errors, fiiuc vs a law, and we will endeii'iir to embrace it with all our power. con,'en'ed"i'.
Cortes hearing this, repeated that there was one God, three in persons, and one in essence, f'"£<^ idoi.tiy.

t- / i w no till 0111 UwJ.

t/f ..

■ I ii I* ■'

IV.

i ■

l,-3iT.^

nil ' i \

I. ! I

r "'s

'i tilt. I'

■I'i^'

I ■ '.

i. h li M'

.' ' ' r ('III!

il^ f

|,j.

«•'

r, I W I;

356

VOYAGES, NAUICfATIONS,

TTk^T?/' Dtentte.

flood Com I
ncill thrrr
wiiidi ill ihii
lync.

PiUlCfb

Mntrfiitmi
hilh nuny
l.irt!t- kiitg-
duniri.

Nublci

vhn crrntrd ilir licnticn, .ntul the cirih, and thr Sunne Sc the Mnnnr, with all the ornamrnt
of the SlurH, which tnnoiir tiboiil the earth for the vHe of men, and hence it cometh, that it U
odiniiH vntd him to kill men, who formed the *laue, & all others hailing the Tace of men, o(
the Name matter, whereof he made me, thee, and them. He wa« borne among v» of a wo-
man who waM u virgin, and Nulfered for the iialiiation of maiikind, which by the learned men
who are to come, shal hereafter more largely be declared both to yon, 8c the rrtt. 'flip
standard of that (io»l, and cnHignc of victorie, U the Image or repretientalio of thiw rrowc.
for it behouelh the (Jcncrall both to haiie tlic crosse, andaiNo the image of the virgin hi* mo.'
ther, carrying the infant in her bosome. And an he wan speaking ihux, Cortes of a Lawyer
being made adiuine, whewed the crosse, and the Image of the virgin (to be adored.) Thcuc
Imagen of wicked spirits and mounters bccing broken in peeces, Nfutec/umacauH'th hinxrr-
uantcs to Hwccpethe temples in hin presence, and dense them by rubl)ing of the wallen, that
no signe or token might remaine of such horrililc blondshed. We hane now sufficiently npu-
ken of ihe corrupt religion of Tcnustitan : lette vs therefore say somewhat of the pallarcs
of the nobiiitie, and other rich men, and of their excellent buildings. Cortes sayth, that
he neuer sawe any pallace in Spayne either of Kings, or any other Prince, which the mean-
est of 70, stone or marble houses, doth not match, who sayeth that they are all buillc by the
curious art of the architect, with pauementes of diners sorts, and pillers of lasper stone, or
white transparent marble, roundc aboute the courts, and large galleries vnder the solars. He
addeih further, that whatsoeuer is reported concerning these ihinges, ought to be creditoil,
saying it is no wonder, beecause Mutec/uma h:iih many large kingdomcs, m the which a
great multitude of noblemen gouern many countrvcs, as vnder the Kmpcroiirs crowne, many
Dukes, Earles, and Marcjuesses, and Nobles of other titles, are shadowed. All these at ccr-
c.Ti"",''"'"'"' •''>'"' limes of the yeere, l)y an auncient custome, frequent the court of Mutecy.uma, nor
may they doe otherwise. It is a thing whereto they are much indiued, thateuery oneshouiile
striue in his desires, to excell his c(mipanions in the building of sumptuous houses: I nii^jht
compare tiu- nianner of the Popes Cardinals in the citie of Rome to their magniliceiice: hut
much otherwise, for the Cardinals in tiieir buildings haue respect onely to theinselucs, not
regarding succession. Hut these people being obedient to Mutec/imia, prouide Cor posieri-
tie long to come : for th<'y send their owne children to bee brought vp with Mufec/.tnna, cs-
pccialK suclip ;is descend from nobiiitie, whereof there is so great a multitude, that euery dnv
as soone as light appeareth you may see more then .'itXlsuch young noblemen walking in the
hals, and open solars of Mutec/uma, with whose familiars, pageti, & folowers, three great
courts, and streets (before the gates of the pallace) are fild at that time, to the houre oi din-
ner. All these are lild with Muiec/.umas prouision, he saith, the cellers are neuer shut all dav
long, and that any manne may demand drinke of the butlers. Yet no man secth the Kin^',
before he come forth to dinner or supper, out of the priuie chamber««, in to the great II.ill,
whose e<|uall in greatnesse, Cortes saylh, hee knowes not any. When he is set, JOO. yonn;'
men apparelled after the Palatine maner come vnio lum, and euery one of them bring seiic-
rall dishes of diners daintie meates, with chaHin tlishes vnder ihrm that the meates freese nnt
in the winter lyme. Hut thcv come not neere the table, for it is c«mp.issed about with ,i
rayle, one oiiely standelh within the rayie, who taketh the seuerall dishes from their hands,
and setteth them before the Prince being readie to dine. Muteczuma giueth with his owne
hande of the dishes to <>. auncient men of ;;reat authoritie standing at his right hand, who
alter the auncieot maner, while he dineth, stand all bare footed. Thepauemeuts are coucr-
ed with mats. II it so happen that he cal any, he that is called goeth vnto him, bowing
dovvne his bodie, with his face to the earth: and liftelh not vp his head at all, before h*- \ic
gon far from him, creeping backwarde, for he mav not return turning his back toward him.
No man vselh direcllv to looke vpon the king, his familiars, and friends, tV also the princes,
casting down their eyes, & turning their face toy left or right hande, harken what the king
answers: and thereupon they blamed Cortes, because he sull'ered the Spaniarde.s which he
called vnto him, to behold him with a direct countenace: who answered y it was not the ma-
ner with v.s, nor that our king so highly esteemed Im inortalitie, although he were the great-
est.

50c ycvnn ii(v

Mr turn attend*
ill|i ih Mutcc-
xiimj Ins
L'uunc.

N" Prinrf

rqujlt HI |rr.it-

nf. tn Mutci-

luma.

Thf iiufrr of

hi, ifruKt

Thr italtlykt

nurirrnr ihcir
C'jin'niii: and
rcturiiii't; lio
Ihr kinv.
An uihrf poynt

uf alJtC.

i^f.

Tlicjift Dtcadt.

XnAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

»t, that he would he ndorcd \siih no f;rcat rcuerence: thin answer pIcMcd thr*. ncidN, wlir
Mutcrxuma m prrurt, in whntKtntr Noctu-r hr apprarr, amO|{ no great a multitude there is m An <>ih<r |wyni
woderAil a niiciice, that non would ihinke any (if thf, drew any breath at al. Eucry dinner, "'"'"'
9i eiiery Hupper, he waitheth liii handit nn both Hide*, & wipelh them with very while linncn, a.i o<i.«i pojrni
& the towel nee onrc vseth hre neuer tuketh in handH a^aine, all initrumenteN muit neiier hcc "' '""'
tourhrd more. The like doih he concerning hin apparel, nriiing from hiM bed, he is cloath- rhrchinimr
cd afrrr one manei, m he commcth forth to bee iteenr, and returning backe iniohifl chombcr I,'J,'„1^,"''' »"'
nficr he hath dined, herhangetii hif« garmcntH: and when he commetli Torthc nqaine to sup-
per, hoc taketh another, and returning backe aguinc the fourth which hr wenrcth vntill he
goo to bed. But concerning 3. garmentH, which he changclh eucry day, many of them that
returned hauc reported the name vnto me, with their ownc mouth : but howxoeuer it be, ail
agree in the changing of garmenle;*, that being once taken into the wanlropc, they arc there
piled vp on heaps, not likely to wee the face of Muteczuma any more: but what manner of
garmentcM thev be, we will elswhere declare, for they arc very light. These things beini;
obNcrued, it wil not be wudred at, that we made mention before concerning so many gar-
ments prMenled. For accounting the yeares, and the dayes of the yeares, es|iecially, where-
in .Mutei /uma hath inioyed peace & howe often ho changeth his garments eucry daye, all
admiration will cease. But the readers will demand, why he heapeth >p so great n pile of W'y ^tmec
garments, & that iusllv. Let them knowe that Mutec/uma v<ied to giuc a certeinc portion vIlTuminy'ili-
of garments to his familiar friends, or well deseruing soldiers, in steed of a beneuolcnce, or i"*""''
Htijiend, when they go to the wars, or retiirne from ^ victory, as Augustus Ca:sar lord of the
world, a mightier I'rincc then Mutec/uma, comm.idcd only a jxiore reward of bread to be
giuen oucr & abouc to such as performed any notable exployt, while being by M.ir<) admon-
ished, that so smal a larges of bread was an argninet ^ he was a bakent son: then although it
be recorded in wrilig thai Ciesar liked ^ mery coceit, yet it is to be belcued ^ he blushed at
that diiiinnii('), be<aU'e he promised Virgil to alter his disposiiiu & that hereafter he would
bestow gifts worthy a great king, & not a bakers son. Muteczuma eatelh iV drinkelh in Muuniirm
cnrthcn vessels, alihoiif^h he haue innumerable plate of gold, ik siluer beset nV precious stones : Xin* I'lh"'^
such earthe vessels as arc once brought, as chargers, <lishes, poringers, pitchers^ such Iike*"«i''
vessels, neuer goe backe again. I wil now speak snwhat of their palaces, & houses in 5' 'i' '.''"""'''
plaine fields. Kuery noblemA, besids his houses in the city, hath sumptuous houses builfc
for delight in the open (iehle, and gardens and greene plots of grounde adioyning to them,
& places where fruit trees growe of diners kindes, and hearbes, and roses, and swecte fra-
prnnt (loiires : where there waiiteth no art in looking to the plats or quarters, 9c fencing them
ahiuit with iiulosures of cane, least any suddenly enter into the manured delights to ouer-
ihrowe them, or robbe or spovie them ; beesides eucry one hath standing poolcs in his or-
rhanlcs, where seniles of diners (ishes swimme, and multitudes of water foule flote vpon
theni If therefore eucry Noble man hath one such house, it is meetc that their Emperour
Muteczuma shoulde not come behinde them. Mutc( /uma hath three great houses in a soli- or Muifciumi
lary place out of the way to refresh and recreate himselfe in the heate of sommcr: in oneofhoui/i'no"'
ihcfe he hath gre.it |)lentie of monstrous men, as dwarfes, crooke backes, such as arc <;rav i""""'-
headed Iroin their youth, amt men with one leggc, or two heades, and seruants are appoyntcd moui m<
to attend them, f he second is ordained fur rauening foule, where both Vultures, and Egles, Thf itcunit
and ail other kinilcs of hawkcs and cruell bynis of pray arc kept. Eucry foule hath her !nj Ijuu' ""'""
open c.ige in a great courte with two pearches fastened in them, the one on the outside to
Ijkc the simne, and the other within, to roost vjion : and cuerv cage separated one fro ano-
ther with their sedge betwecne them. Hut the wliole courte is couered with woodden grates
about that eucry foule may inioy the open ayre, and safly flic in that parte .issigned her: ser-
uants also are appoyntcd them, not onely to giue them meate, but tluy haue likewise a cer-
tain number of stipendiary Surgeans, who by the art of phisicke knowe how to cure the di-
iiirs kinds of di.seases which grow in birds. One thing seemetli somewhat wonderfiill &
i-lrange, concerning water foule: whatsoeuer they bee that line in the sea, arc included in ^"'"si'*>'»'
the salt poolcs, and those that lyue in fresh waters, are kept in the fresh poolcs, and at ccr-" "■"' ""''
laync tymcs of the yeere, the old waters being drycd vp, and the I'rcjh ponds carefully dcns-

cd.

: (uuntrcy.

r nmri-
\ men.

1 '- ^'

( i

^ . I'

J 1

i, U

(

'ii'

lit

V- -,

• iS:

:i ... . m- ^

^- :i

1-
1

^'1 >* I

1 . 1(1

358

Tilt thirdc
houwt

Cumatana a

Cu:.-.

MutfeitiTna ■
fiiil-full ind
rmlaiu (Tince
and trrr from
ibitiuii.

Th» muuHli-
t\ uf tununr.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The^t Decade.

ed, fresh watera are let in : the seruantcs jjiuc meate to euery kind of foule, of iishc«), hearbes,
and thegraine Maizium, according to eueric ones nature, deliuered them by the houshoulde
seruants and stcwrards of Muteczuina. Round about those standing pooles are large walks,
■where, vpon marble, alablaster, & laaper piliers, are other solars or floares, from whcce Miil
teczuma(whe he cometh) may behold al the actions & conflicts of the birds below, especially
when they are fed. The third house is appointed for lions, tygers, woolues, foxes, & other
rauening beasts of this kind, & peacocks inclosed within their pales, & roomes, whereof I
haue sutficiently spoken before : with these the fierce & wild beasts are fed. Those pallarcs
or courts are well replenished with houses, so ^ if the king with his family determin to Iod<;e
ther al night, he may conuenicntly doe it. This they say, and this we report. Whatsoeuer
they write, or declare in our presence, we beleeue, because, we suppose they would not pre-
flume to signify any thing mshly, contrary to truth, & because we haue also learned to be-
leeue jr those things might be done, which are possible, & not miraculous, and they further
say, that they omit many things, lest they shoud offend the cares of Carsar & the courtiers,
with too long narrations. While our men thus searched these things, messengers were sent
with Spaniardes to accompany them, vnto diuers countries of Muteczumas dominions, to
declare vnto p noblemen of the coiitries in their kings name, that they were to obey the
great King of Spayne, and (in his behalfe) the captains sent from him. From the Ka^t vn-
to the furthest limits of those countries, which diuide them from lucatan (for they think lu-
catnn W first ofTercth itselfe to them y come from Cuba, to be an Iliid, Sc it is not yet cer-
tainly known) they say, so much lad lyeth betwecne, y it is almost thrice as big as Spain:
for we haue already said that Tcriustitri is more the an I(X). leagues distat from ^ cilie I'oten-
chiana, otherwise called Victoria, & y borders of Potechian are extended further vnto lu.
cafii & to J gulfe call Figuems lately discoucred. But they that were sent vnto ihe West,
foud a city, & that ; cat one too called Cumatana, 200. leagues distiit or therahoufs from
Tenustitan, 8e J Kin^ of this citie, whose name I know not, & such as lie betwecne, and
they of the East also as farre as the Potcnchiani, who (except those fewe common wcalthcs
of whom I haue spoken before at large) were obedient to Muteczuma, nowe boili of iheni
haue subicclcd fhemsclucfi to vs. Cortes often perswaded Mutcc/uma to goe vnto his ann-
ricnt pallace: but he refused, saying, it is expedient for neither of vs, j- we should be part-
ed : for my nobles as 1 said before louing their benefit more tlien our quieliRssc, will in-
slar''y intreate me, to raise the people, and make war against thee, being therelore knit lo-
gethi;, wee shalbe the safer from their insolent ambition. Yet .sometimes for his refreatinn,
he resorted to those houses, as I mentioned a lille before, & al the euening, he alighted tVdin
his cabinet at the Fallace of Cortes. As he went or returned n' man looked tlirectly vpnn
him : so great is the reuerence which is conceiued towardeshim, that they ihinke liiesciuesvn-
worthy to behold him. That superstition is ingrafted in the minds of the people, from ilior
aiincesters. But what: but what? & againe y ;^. lime, but what ? Tlic (lattering inlii emiN
o. fortune ^ mother, in the turning of her whocle, were conucrted to the .iccustomed budi'!*
of .istepdame. Cor'es saifh, he entred into that rityof tlie lake the 8. day of Seplcmljcrin
j' yeere IJiU. and there pa^isctl a most tpiirt and pcacealjle winter, & ti»e greater part cf
tiic sprig vntill the moneth of May the next yeere: at what lime Diccus Velasquez goiierm r
of Cuba or Fernandina, furnished a nauy to coe against Cortes, because, withoui asking hit
rrliiice, & against hiswil, as 1 metioned before, he determined to set footing on those tcun-
trics, & plant Colonies there. As touching the fleefe wee will hereafier speak, but now co-
rerning Corfes. While he thus aboad with Muteczum.i, daily expecting with earnest dr-irr,
J rcturne of the messengers IMontegius, and Fortucarrerius, whom he had sent with pir-
sents vnto Cicsor, behold it was told him l)y the inhabitants of Muteczinna who bordered
vpon theSca shore, that ships were scene at .Sea: he supposed it had beene his messengers sliij).
& reioyrcd, but his ioy was presently iraslormed into sorow & sadnes. 1 will here omit main
smal matters, which the (Jrecians, ^ lewes ( hcrausc they are alwavs siraited within tMrnw
boundes) wouldcinserte into their Hyslories, if they hadde happened tolheir fellow-citi/eiis: btii
in no great a vastiiy of matter, wee omit many tliinges. To be short. It was the (Iccte ofl.ird-

biis

. ^ .

U • 11

*"' ^ ,W' ■■■.

..>. IK *

"M'm

Tkefift Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

Sd9

bus Velasquez, consisting of 18. shippes both beaked Carauelleo, & Rrigantines of two A««ttof i8.

ranges of oars, furnished with men, to witte, 800. footemen, and 80. horsemen & 17. peices vtL^qu^'vndcr

of ordinance, as hereafter shall appeare. Ouer this present fleete Velasquez made a young pj„'™MurN».

Ouer this present fleete Velasquez made a young '^' omiu" of
nianne called Pamphilus Nariiaecij, Gcnerall. Cortes sent messengers vnto Pamphihis, to tua«u «gain«t
rcauire him to come in friendly manner, and th.it hee shoulde not goe about to disturbe so J;"""- ,
bappie enterpryses. Pamphilus made aunswere, that the Emperour commanded him, to exe- mcMngcrsio
cute the office of Gcnerall of the armie of those countryes, and willeth to command Cortes, ''■""?'"'"»•
to yeeld vp his Empire and gouernnient, and come humbly, and vnarmed vnto him, that
rendring account of his actions, hee might submittc himselfc to his ludgement, or to the
fupure of Jacobus Velasquez who sent him. Cortes sayth hee woulde obey the Kinges
1 ' 'i.-. patentes, if he woulde shew them to the Gouernour left in the Colonic of Vera Crux.
But if he falsly say that he hath diose letters, let him depart the Prouince, in the which he
determined to sette footing, and not forraging the countrcy violently take away what hee
lindeth, because hee fhinketh it auaile.ible for the king, not to disturbe so .jreat attempts by
Iiiscomming: & that all the Barbarians now conquered, who vnder hij conduct beecamc
obedient vnto Caisar, and honor his name, if they vnderstande that the Spanyardes disagree,
and arc at variance among themsclues, will aduance their crests, and rebell against the
Christians.

The lift Chapter.

MAiiy suchc thinges by messengers were discussed on eitheir sde, & nothing don, so that
Pamphilus continued his purpose. In the mean sp.ice those shippes, vith their seueral pecces
of ordinacc, horses, 28. smal shot, 120. arrhers, all landed vpon the shore, were brought by
ccrtaine trybutarics to Muteczuma, paynted in a certainc table of the barke c'a tree. Cortes
therefore vndcrslanding the matter, was much tormented in mynde ignorant at the first, what
counsell to take. If he n>adc li^ht of the matter, he saw that, it wmild so fall out, ihat the
nuthoritie of a newe open enemie, woulde gather strength both with the Spanyardes, and liie
Barbarians. On the (ilher side it w.is a hardo case to forsake so great a matter, for fearc of
that, whici> fell out, to witte, the violent assaulte of the Barbarians vppon his menne. At
length he thouijht it belter to goe to Pamphilus, relying vpon the authoritie, wherby hee
prcuayled with them that came with Panij)hilus, when hee was rhiefe Magistrate for Justice, in
the Ilande of Cuba. J.eauing garrisons therfore in the Pallacc where he kept Mutecziima,
hcc spake \nto Mutcrzuma in these words. O my king Mutcczuma, now occasion of thy ConcstoMu-
future happincs oflercth it selfe, if the king shal find thee fuithfull at such a lime, it shal cue '"""""•
to p.isse tiiat al things shall succeed prosperously, & happily vnto thee. I goe, to search out
what this matter may be, in my absence be careful! that no innouation arise. The Spanyards
who 1 leaue to be at your command, I comnu-d to your faithfull protection. Mutec/uma
promised them al succour & heipe, & say<l, he would account the Spaniards in steede of
kinsmen. Go prosperously, & if they touch my borders with a treacherous mind, giuc me
notice thcrof : & J will command them to be siibdtieil by war, & expelled out of my
countries. Therefore leaning a garrison there, and bestowing certainc acceptable presents Cutesir.iu««
vnon Afiiteczuma, & his son, he taketh his iournev towards Pamphilus, who had seated*'"?""^'"'
hi!-elfc III /empoal, and seduced the citi/cns against Cortes, lie went with that mind, to I'imph.iu..
disturb whatsoeuer he met opposed vnto him. So Cortes went vnto him: and omitting
rirciimsfanrc's, sendeth for his Alguazill (that is to sav the executioner of Justice, which the
Latinesrall a srrgoat : although a sergeant seldoe cometh into the dining raome) &• sendeth
liiin before with 8t>. footnie, with commandcment that vsin^ 5 I'l^etorian law, he apprehend
Pamphilus. He himself foloweth after to aid him with the rest, which were 170. He tlierc-
fore with 2.W. men settv'th vpon Pamphilin, not vnpreparod, bec.iust he was admonished
iherof by the scouts. Pamphilus had fortilicd himscll'o in an hi^ili tower of the trple of that
citie: & had eight peeces of ordinance planted on the ste|>s of the stairex, This ffrentian
Pamphilus rather, then that Troian Hector is beset with 800. -.oidicrs, assaulted, & take. P™i'i"iui
We think thase Pamphila gouldiers durst not lift vp their heads agaisl Cortes, who somtinie

made

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360

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

TheJift Decade.

Thf Trnustiani
til rebellion.

The fidclitie of
■Klut'. :zuni«.

CortfS cnn-
ucieih htmjrlfe
into the TdlUkr.

'''i iS^'

made them afraid, when he was cliief goueriior of p citie of Cuba : we also think ^ the
chiefe cOmaders were seduced through J subtilty & crafty deuises of Cortes : that, at ^ time
when ^ matter was to be performed, they shuld Icaue their swords they brought ^ them,
in their sheaths. Here many things are muttered against Cortea, which time will discoucr :
howaoeuer it be, Pamphiius making sa resistace, lost one of his eies. So he led away Paphi-
lus with on eye, who a litle before had the luster of 2. eyes, & with him, his chiefe c5sorts,
faithfull Ceniurias to their General : who are said to be but a few, A certain Licentiate
called Aiglionus, an excellent lawyer, one of ^ Senators of Hispaniola, folowed Pamphiius.
This licetiate in the behalfe of the Senate of Hispaniola, by whom lawes were giuen to ai
those parts, commiided lacobus Velazquez, not to sende out that fleete against Cortes, &
that he should not be the occasio of so great a mischiefe : who said that the matter was to be
decided by authoritie of the king, & not by armes : & cae also to declare ^ sile to Paphiius,
& endeuored with all his power to diuert ^ authors of the fleete from that enterprise. This
Terentian Pamphiius did not onely not obey him, but casting the Senator into prison, sent
him in a ship to Cuba to Diccus Velasquez, the inueter therof. The wisdome of ^ Licentiate
was such, that seducing the mariners, he brought his keepers boijd, in the same ship to His-
paniola. So they became a pray in the lap of fortune. These are small matters, let vs now
come to those of more weight, & importacc. Whosoeuer followed Pamphiius, stuckc to
Cortes the known Gouernour of y citie. He sent the ships to the garrisons of ^ Colonic ol'
Vera Crux, to giue them notice of the victorie : & with the rest hee taketh his iournov
towards Tenustitan: & sendeth messengers before, to certiJie Mutcczuma (and the rest who
were left behind*.) concerning the successe of thinges. This messenger was stabbed with
manie wounds in the way, so that he scarse escaped aliue : who brought backe ncwes, that
they were all in an vproare in the city Tenustila & that the Barbarians were reuolted, and
had burned those i, Brigantins (whereof I made mention before) built for defence of our
men, and that our garrisons being besciged were in extrcame perill, and straightly beset with
fire and sword, and all prouision of victuail intercepted. And he further said, that they had
all perished, and bin ouerlhrown, if Muteczuma had not withstood it, to whom the citizens
arc now become rebellious & disobedient as he sayth. Cortes with ull his traine npprochcth
to the brinke of j' salt lake, and sendeth a Canoa made of one whole tree, to search, wiiat the
matter was. Another Canoa mccteth them, wherin one of Mntcczumas messen;;crs, &
another of the garrison of the Spaniards besieged, were conueied, who cae to signify vnio
Cortes the distrcsse our men were in. It is manifestly known, y tliis was don against J
wil of Muteczuma : wherfore tlie messengers exhort him to make hast, who sav, thai
Muteczuma hopcth bv mcanes of his comniing, (hat the sedition which wiw already risen
should turnc vnto a quiet calme : whereuijon the 8. of the Calendes o( lulv, he speedily
conueycth himselfe with ccrtayne Caiioas into y Pallacc, to the garrisons, & .Miifc< zmna, who
, was very pensiueand sadde by reason of that ttnnult. He iounde the wooden I)rid^es (which
all along diuide the stone bridges) drawne \ j), and the wayes fortified with rain|)ers : he fir«t
thought (hey hndde done it through fear-, but it was farre otherwise: for they delrrnnned
rather (o dye, tiien any longer to indurc such guests, whodcleinrd their King vnder (i>Iourof
protecting his lilo, possessed the citie, and kept their aiincient ( iiemics tlie iascalteianrs,
(iiiazuzingi, and others beside, before their eyes, at their charge : and consumed their pro-
uision which was harde to get, by reason that bceing compassed with wUer, (hey naturally
wanted ail things, abstained not from iniuries, in>|)o>ed tributes, and desired whalsocucr
(hing was precious which (iiey Mulo, iiarule thev had, endcuouring either by force orcuniiiii^
to extcrt it from tlieni, who, to (onrlude brake in i)eeces (he Images of (heir gods, A: depriucJ
them of their old riles, and aunrienl ceremonies. Fi."" these causes the Princes of y city being
much moued, & with the the f'orraine Nobiliy (who familiarly inioved tiic presence of their
king, and brought \p their children iV kinsmen with hini from their (hiidhood) determined
in a rage, to rootc out this nation, as lmsl),idi)ien \>e to pluck vp thistles bv (he ronts out of
their corne. .\nd therlore tooke \|)t) them (wilhont the kings comandemet, nay though he
withs-tood it to his powcrj to conquer the P.iliacc, (."v: kil the garrison, or consume them wiili

faniin.

.' ,'ii

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Li A

Thejift Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

3G1

\ Iiitt \\\r fr."

famin. Wherby oiir men were now brought to extreme hazard of life, vnles Cortes had
come vnto the, at whose cominji^, they tooke courage again, being now almost out of hart
seeing there was no further hope remaining. They had fortified ^ Pallace in nidiior of a
Castle, the Castle had hie churches, neer which stood a tower inuiroed with firre tre;cs. They
greatly indiimagcd orr rae by casting darts & stones out of ^ firre trees, & fortresses.
As soon as the Barbarias vndcrstood y Cortes was coc with auxiliary forces, & entred the TheTenustitans
Pallace, to his mf, they bcgu more furiously & ficrsly to assault the, a blacke cloud offlj^jp'/ii'^tll"''
stones, & darts, & arrowcs, & al kind of weapds deliuered from the had, cae so thick
V our men could not discerne the sky. The clamors raised to the Heauens, cofounded
the aire, because tlic nuber of those obstinate & sturdy warriours was innumerable. To
those y fought on the plain groud, Cortes sent forth a Captain with 2()0. Spaniards,
who made some slaughter of the Barbarians, but being inclosed by an infinite multi-
tmle, he could not brcakc the array. It was hard for them to returne vnto the Cattle,
yet he got out, making his way with his sword : among them y were slainc, he was j^^"'? Jj'"""'
gricuously wouded, and left 4. of his company slaine : on the other side Cortes comnicth
suddenly vpon them, but did tbem litlt hurt, for as soon as they had cast their darts, iK:
stones, they retired to ccrtai litle turrets, which the Spaniardcs call Azottas, whereof there
are many built throughout the citic : tlie battaile continued fierce a long time, iiisomurli as
Corlcs w,:s constrained to betake hiniseirc to y t^asile out of the fight, which (not without
dfigcr) he scarslv perf(>rmc(l, many of his cupanioiis being slaine through violence ofstons,
& diucrs kinds of woapon>i. C' rtcs being brought back away into tlie Castle, the Barbarias
renued the assault. tV sctke ciitrace on eucry side, & mine, Si coming close Mito y
j)()rts, they endeuour by setting (ire to them, to burne them, thev y defended the assault shot
many of the assaylats through with bullets with the shot, & bowmen, yet with an obstinate
corage rcmaiing by the dead carka^es of their companions, if need required, thev jiroccedod,
to rcinie 5 fi^ht : tiu-y say the battailc continued from morning vntill the cuening. This ^
was an inlollcrable Iab«i|ir for our men, y they were al com|)elled to be al in amies, the whole eutmus.
dav, but n)U( h more ea-v for them, that 4. times in euery houre, fresh <Sj sound men were
placed in the rancks in steed of the weary, slaine, & wouded men, who came no
Icssc cheerfull vnto d.lger, then they departed weary from the fi<;ht: so great was the per-
furbaliiin of that hiitred which they now conceiued. They exhorted one another, to in-
diuoure corragii'uslv to thrust such guestes out of their houses, that none could line with
nure contentnieMf, tlu'ii to sh.ike of such a )()ke from tlieir iieckes, bv fighting, or loosing
their lines for \ lihcrtie of their coimtrv. So thev ((intinueil the whole dav in ..le l).,<taile
like raging uoolus ahont a sheepfold, .^ ilie light ccascd at the cuening. But v \vh'>le night
WW so troblcd with thrir stiog & loud i l.inior.-, \ lhrou<;h the noise llierof, al y dwelt neer
were stnickr with deafnes. Neither could they within y castle hear one another there was
M, eh a re-oudinLC or bellowing of vovces. The Barbarians departing y dav, Coitcs taking
nuistrr of his men, foud 8(). of the wouded. The next dav after, which was y S. of the
Calends of lulv, thev ran more (iersly thither then their accustomed nianer, wlurupi^n a
cruel conflict ariseth. lie planteth l.'i. field pccc es against y cncmv, cV rageth the .A.chers, ThfTfm.stitjm
\' V smal shot in the front : oh admirable attempt, alfl uigh 10. tV' sometimes 1'^ of the cj"f,y""
were shot through with eucry great shot, \: their disni( l)red lims tossed into liic .ivre, yet
iiitwiihstading they persisted, iS: cae on still : c^ which wa\ soeuer the great >h')t tare
tliiin ill peters, they presently closed the Annie, like the (ierm.is or Helu(tiiis. The next
(lav lu-ing cupelled through ureat want of things necessary, he determined to try his fortune
abniad. The Sjianiards (whom cruel huger ropelled) issued forth like raging I. iis. The;
fal \pon V enemi«', kill nianv, i*v' woon certaine houses by assault, which lay neere to y
rastlc. They passed some of the wooden biidges which crossed y waics. But at the cuening
fuir men retmned, no Icssc hunger starued, Cortes & .''lO. of his company being wouded. Corretjolic
Neeessitie daylv more \ more \ rging, especially the great penurv of (urnc, thev were
ciilorccd to find out deuises, whereh) doing greater d.im.igc to the enemy 'hey might draw
tic to some <|uict [)cace. By night therfore he made .'i. warlike engis of wood, coucreil
vol,. V. 3 A with

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I ii

362

The Lamept.i*
b' .' vnhap-
pic ende of the
mightie King
Muicczum.i,

CortP<; sprnkfth
tu till- citizeus*

Thf magna m-
« t the Usrba*

IlJllS.

A Venue cf

llfCC^iiUC.

\'OYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Tliejift Decade.

with boordes, in maner of a litle square house, the art military callcth them cngins of
defence, this engin was able to rontaine 20. souldiers, and putting wheels vnder it, they
issue out of the same : they were shot & bowmen which filled the* engin of defence. They
brought also behind them, sla\ies with axes, & mattocks, thinking to be able to ouerthrow
houses, & bulwarkes y annoyed them. There was such casting of stones and Jartes from the
Towers (which hunge oucr the wayes) vppon those E.igines, that they brake the coucring
fhere.if : so they were faine to creepe backe againe vnto the Castle. These things thus
doone, Muteczuma (that vnhappie King, whome our men haddc with them) desired thathee
might bee brought to the sight of them that fought, promising to indeuourc to perswadc
tht in to giuc oucr the assault. By euil fortune, hee was brought vnto a certayne open loft,
oil that side where the assaylantcs were thickest, when presently such a mighty tempest of
stons cfie violently powring down vpo them that fought, that no manne put out his head, who
departed not shrewdly shaken, and bruised. There, ihc most puissant king Muteczuma, a
good man by nature, and wise enough, got the vnhappie end of his greatncsse, and deligiifcs,
who being strucke with a stone by his owne people, the thirdc day breathed out tliat souie
which commanded so many kingdomes, and was a terrour to so many nations and people.
Our men gaue his body to the citizcs to be buried. What was els done, they knowc not. For
thev had no free libertie lefte them, to be able to doe any other thing, the to bethinke them,
how to preserue life.

The sixt Chapter.

TIIc next day after, Cortes speaketh to the commanders of the warres, the Principall men
of the citie, and the kingcs Allies (among whom was the Lord of Astapalapa the kin^N
brother) being sent for to the place, where that lamentable mischance happened to Mutro
zuma ,\nd perswadeth exhorteth & aduiseth them rather to imbracc peace then warre : and
th;it viilcssc ihey desisted from their enterprises hee woulde vtterly destroy that so faiiioiii
and renowned ciltie, their chiefe spate and natiiie soile ; and that he pitlied their fiitmc
calamitic, wiioin ho once admitted for his friendes : whereto they answered, that the wunlcs
which {'dries spake, were \aine, & idle. They -iayd, they woulde account himforiii
friend, but a ileadiv iS: hatefiil! enemy : <V further say, they will not accept his ofl'ercd pcacr,
vnle»«ie he leaiie them their country free, departing out of their borders with his nrniv.
Cortes againe |)uttetli them in mind to beware of the future dammage, and grieuous losses.
Thev replyed, that rather then they would iiidure such a bondage, thev would constantlv die
eiierv man : and tlirri'ore bid him thinke of his return, \' not put any confidfce in weak iV
fraile words, they say, death should he most pleasing vnto the, so thev might shake of thii
slauish bondage from the necke of their children and the rest of their posteritie. C'ontrarilv,
Cortes againe propoundelh vnto the, what miseries other natifjs (who reluseil his friend-iiii)'
had iiuhired. He jinimisetli to pardo former Errors. Thev reply again, that thev will iuuic
none of his friendship, nor none of his pardo. Nav, thev sav, thev tloulit not but thev shnl
consume them euery ma cither with the sword or famin, itshc\%,that it might easily he
done, because there is so great a multitude of desperate men desiring death, so th.it they make
no reckoning of the slaughter of a thoiisad men: if the death of eiicrv thousand be rcnV
penced, but with one of ours. They aflirme, that thev .ire al resolute in this opinion, I't
therefore .admonish him with ihreatning words, that (a (iods blewinj;) he i."'e from whence
he came, & prouid for him, i.V his, with the lime: & desire, & he«cpch h»fn to sutler tliem
to iniov the cu-toms, iS: precepts of their Aiincestors. ( .irtes, wli< shonlv was iikeiv tc
perish through famine, with :d his traine, vnles he oiierthn'w the force it p(>«<*r of the Ihr-
liarians (, for hee was nowe pressed with exireame famin) out "f his necessitie was compelled
to frame the courage of his mind vnto an higher straine. Hr suspected al^fi. least if hee
went about to dejiart, as was required, hee might be intercepted within the drawe bridges,
which was easily don, the woodc bridges helweene him iV the, being eiif»er drawn \ p, or
taken away. It increased his suspiiion ;il>o, lor y the chiefe men of the titie were not i"in>-
raiit that Cortes had great trcasurs heaped vp, through desire wherof they were drawn, .tikI

that

ne^ft Decade. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. SQi

that not without cau?e surely, for our menne confesse, that out of all those countries he had tIk huge m.i
gathered the sum of seuen hundred thousande Ducates, in fio\d, siluer, and precious stones, sfi,^;'''',hu"'
all which he had in his custodie. Thereupon hce determined to prepare himselfe to the fight, C""" ii"i i'-
and that night to hazard what the fortune of war shuld decree. They amend those Engins of '''""'■
war whereof we haue made mention : & as soone as day began to appeare, he went forth,
first to destroy those little towns, out of the which our men were indagcred by casting down
stones, & such like things from thence : & then to possesse them by strong hand, if he
could. These Engins with wheels, were drawn by them that were within, behind the S,
peeces of battery folowed after, whose flanks many largeteers, & shot guarded & defedcd,
accopanied with troops of ^ Tascaltecas, & Guazuzingi to the iiDbcr of 3(XX). out of the first
litle town which they assayled, such a cloud of stons & darts was thrown down vpon our me,
y they could not vse the ordinace: so that on of our me being slaine, & many woudcd, they
returned \V heauy cheer vnto the Castle. Out of the hie tower of ^ church also, which was C""" "■""'<•
ouer f Castle, they receiued innuerabic damages. Whcrfore our men attepted to assault it, " ""^"™"'
& ascend by an hundred marble steps, & more, vnto the top thereof: but the Pr.xsidiary
Barbarians of the sae, made our men ttible headlong down the stairs. Wheriipon the comge
of our men faited, but the enemies puffed vp with pride, pressed 5 scig ini:cli moie
grieuously, & renued the fight. Cortes compassed with so great calamitie, perceiuing thnt
present death would follow, except he woon y tower by assault, because they could not so
njuch as put forth a finger, for the enemy, so log as y tower stood speedily taketh vp a target
himselfe, and such as wtre of stoutest courage followed after him, armed with targets in like Amost- «iutc
manner. They assault the tower : with resolution either to win the tower, or in that conflict i',"'[.'„j','^,' '"
to end their lines. And although they vndertooke it with manifest hazard and danger of
life, yet boldnes of courage j)reuailcd. The enemy endeuours to defend the stayrcs, our men
desire to ascend them, in so much, as they fought eagerly. At legth our men obtained their
desires. They woon the tower, & made the defenders to Icape down from the top of y They win thr
stairs. In tliat tower (cisting down their Idols) they placed tlic image of the blessed \irgin : ■"""^•
which the enemy stole away. Wherefore he commanded that tower, & .'}. others to be burned,
least anv further damage should be don vnto the Castle therliy. Those towers being lost, y
Harbarias began to quaile. The night folowing our me sallying forth, in one of ih.- v ales
neere vnto the castle, burned ^{00. houses: & many in another, from which the casfiC was ,00. Houst«
much annoyed. So somtiines killing, somtimes destroying, & srilimesrcceiuing wouds in the *""'"•
waves, & bridges, they laboured many dales & nights, on both sides. At length the nobles ofihcNchUs
the •"itv, favning feare, send messengers to Cortes to treato of peare, who sav, thev will be '"'"'"y """■»«
obedient vnto hini,s.i he will pardon that which w.is past. Whereto Cortes «.a\ th, that he was '"'''
well content. Now Cortes luid one of the Priestes a man of great authoritie whom he de-
teincd in the ca>.t!e. They carne^^lly intreat him to itet \ Priest at liberty, by whi se means
the matter might be performed : the priest is let go, & Cciies being credulous taket!) no
further cnre for y matter. Cortes sittelh down to dinner, vpo a sudden, messegers cue runin"-
forth cotinually, who report y the bridges were interrupted by arnied enemies. Cortes hail
filled lert.iin spaces, which y woode bridges vscd to couer, to the intCt that if the bridges ^vcrc
taken .iwav, the horses inigiit freely runne hither and thither, \ ppon the lirme ground : they
.signilie that the brieke ol' those void places, and the cartii, and all other kinde of matter or
nibble were cast out, and the bridges made vnpassabie againe, and those spaces ricnsed, so
iliiit no fdotemen, much lesse horsemen, ntight passe that way. He leajicth forth from the c,.rti-< imuit.
table, sendeth out the horsemen vpon the Barbarians, and violently brcakelh in through the "'"'"' ""I'l-
iiiiddest of the enemie, wounding, and killing, on both sides, for a long space. Rut it re-
pented i.im that he ranged -^o far, and wide. Hetiirning from the fight, hee fi>iindc all the
wiv behiiuie him, \ery full of souldiers, on the water with boates, and thicke on both sides,
uiid befor", filling the whole 'ireadth of the bridge. They that remayned by (light,
presse vpon him dangerously behinde: he was alsf) assayled from the towers, m.iny on
bit!) >ii<le-< were battered vsith .atones, and pierced witii dartes, and Corics also grieuously
^w.uiidcd o'. the hcade, and lYvvc escaped free, and those so faint and weake, that thev

3 A 2 collide

ri.ins tuif wrh

:*t|

:^M

^j-'iiniiill

. •

1 i

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I'-i

i^'llk

^«i-'

»<i

J' '' H

3Gi

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Thejifi Decade.

Cortes pnckci
»p a grt.it mas:
uf Ucasure.

Ci'rtcs nnd Ms
companions llir

MutfCiumars
chiUrvn'-laJii,

Tacuna.

iro. FfaiiarJs
ilainr. .V 20CO
ctlierj.

A Stratat'tmi.

collide not so much as lift vp their armcs. But afier they retyrcd to the Castle they
round not mcatc siifTiciently enou;;h seasoned to refresh them, nor pcraduenture mor-
selles of breadc of rough Maizium, nor j)o|ablc drinke, as for wine & flesh, they had
no great cart'. So being all hcauic and sad, they besought Cortes, to bring them barkc
againe from thence, for it woulde shortly come to passe that they should cither dye by
the sword of the Barbarians, or pine through famin. He barkened to the request of
his felowcs in armcs, & being moued with y matter it selfe now brought to the Inst
cast, he yeeldcd to depart : & prepared certain great pecres of limber, to lay oucr the
bridges wher the stone bridges were wanting. Being ready to goc foorth one nijrht
- secretly, he diuideth the trea-urcs, to the sum of 7. hundred thousande Duratcs. He
as>igneth u - kin;;s lift part to the kings Auditor, and Treasurer, & other olhcers, Sc
commandcth them to take charge therof. The rest he diuidctli to be carved behiiulc
them vpon horsebacke. He had with him ^futcr/umas son, and 2. daughters, pledges, &
many other chicfe men taken in the conflicts, for whose sakes, & for casting down \f inia»cs
of their gods that tumult of the people arose. He setteth the rankcs in order, iic chooscdi
chiefe commaundcrs, and vnder officers, raungcth tiie army, Sc takelh his iournry in
the silent night. The report & fame thereof is spread throughout the wlioie citic in
the twinckiing of an eye, that Cortes, and his companions were fled. A huge num-
ber of w.irriours run suddenly vnto them, fiiey raise their clamors to the heaucns, so that our
miserable men were pcllcti witli stones and darts on euerv side. They that were in tlic vant-
gard e-capcd, but such as were in the middle, r.'KJ followed in the rearc, were shrewdly sinii.
ten, and wounded. The discourses concerning ihe^e conflicts are long & tedious. Your
Holiiies-iC ^hall briefly heare what thev write at large: the liarbarians >ilew many of our men,
and horses, because thev carrved away their Kinges children, and the cheife men of thecittv,
and for that thev comieied awav the treasure, thev fought with tnaddc furv and courage: so
that whatsoeurr riches or househiiKlslulle our men tooke awav, bccanie tiicir jirave, excoDt
that lillle which fell to the vantgards share l>v ciiance: the furv (if the conllict was x) urcut,
that they ^Icw pel mcl Mutcr/.umas thildrcn, and the prim iji.dl men if the < i(l\ , togcilur
with (he .slaues, whereof our men hail gotten manv, .iiid our men also intermingled with them;
and if at imy lime, the horsemen which remained, iveni backe to such as followed them, ilic
fir»t they met withnll, with a violent course lea[)t into the waters, seeing it is all one witli tlieiii
to >wimme, and to vsaike \pon the land (;is is it to Crocodile-., or .Scales') and al'teiwardis
comming out of the water, crccpini; bv the wallcs of the bridges, thev came in ag.iine. Sn
our men being \tterK- onerthroWMc, and dis|)cr~ed, for>ooke the whole I. ike. fhcy \\Iipsc
good happc was to C'-c.ipe, made a st.uid in the licld of a ccrtayne land citiv, c:died I'acuti.i,
\'p])on an high steepe side ol a hill of that plaine, Cortes abode, to gather the remnant ofWu
\anipii»hed .Armic together, and incamped there all night, in the open avre. Ntusterini; hi-
;irnn after the vnhappv nmnant tliereof rtueiiied, he I'.uind left iicliind him sl.iine, of tlio
.Sp.inianle- l.'iO. of the .\n\iiiar\ 'I'a-c.iltecanc-, aud (i a/n/ingi, and olhcr^ bonlering \ iipnn
then, ahiuit 'J(MM). of the !uir«es, he lost 42. and there rem u ned not one ol l!ic children ol
Mutct/uma, iroflhe theile men who were led capliue. The like ;ilso herell the sI.uks:
llicy all (l\ed in the >ight of our men. 'fhc 'fi'nn-til:ui t oniincnTs alwaves followed the^te[)[)<
of our nun fighting, to the very \ iew of tiii-; ' itrv Tai una: tApeciing the day light. C rie-
being certilied by the Spies, what jiurpo^e they had, ami how great a mnllilude was !:;atluT(il
together against him, \sed a Sir:i!.imine. lie coinm.iiiiidid li(T> to be kindled in diners pl.Kc,,
to t!ie intent, that ilu; encmv should tliinke oiu- menni- wiadde si.iy there, and not inoiie a fooif
till d:iv light. \t the second walh of i!ie night hcc loinnt.unideth to take \p the l'.nsii.Mie,,
and chargeih the souuiiers to I',, Hi w aswi II as thev c iild: one of the I'asiMlteiam' Anxili.uics
escaped, Cortes being \cry pens'Mc, l)ec:nisc lie knew not which \*:iy llicy nuist goe, nr
shi nil be compelleil to go: he ol.'ereth his ludi)e to conduct him, l)ec:nise he declared lli.it
he h.d lr.in:iiled through llio-;e t oiini,ies belore time. fliis 'fasc:iltei .ine beeing his gn;!. , he
renioiieili, they bring lorih ilii.se ih.ii wire grieniUsK wounded \pon the bullocki-s oiTiorses
or lastened to their t.isles: the rest who were \ jijirolitablc for warre, who could stand \|>on

their

TheJift Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

3f)5

their feete: or such as were wounded, or otherwise sicke of any disease, he isent bcrnrc. The
reareward, which he kept, with the horse, and a few sound men, were scarce mnrclicd one
iniie from the jilace where they incamped that night, when in the first twilightand dawning of ^.,_. n„h„ijni
the day, an innumerable multitude of Enemies came vnto them : and with their large paces the ouva.k- iii-
Barbarians ouertooke our rearc-ward. They so galled our men behind, that the horsemen vin- ""<*"•'
Icntly fell vppon them all along the way, and slew many, and returned backe againc to the
armie while they were marching. So, they alwayes followed our men fighting for two leagues
together, for they might not make a further iournic, fortheannoiance of the enemie: neither
was it les greiuous vnto them, that they were oppressed with the want of al things, because
they carried nothing out of Teniistitan lit for food, nor did they safely march fro the townesmen :
they that were next in theway, cameviolently running out of their liouseswith loud outcries, as
shcpheards vse to doe vpon tlie taking of a VVoolfe at the sheepefolde, while they percciue the
woolfe is gon farr from the foldes. Through these difliculties, at length they came to their
friends the Tascaltecnes. In the second encoutcr after they were got out of the cilty Tenus-
titaii, the enemie wounded 4. horses with their arrowes of the which one being slaine, (as
Cortes saith) gaiic him and his fellow souldiersa sumptuous & delicate supper, for that they
greedily dcuourcd the horse. They say they led a miserable life for line daies together, ^^itli ['"ji'^^jH^j
tlio par( hid grainc ofMaizium only, ik tiiat, not to satiirity neither. I omit many particulars amiiurdin«of
hcerc, which cau«e mec to belceue, that neither that fabulous Grecian Hercules, nor any man '""^ "i'""'"''"'
lining euer sulUrcd any such things, <Sj yet remained aliue, so many painefull labours, so many
(lagers of fight, such hunger, I thiiikc none lining wiiich is not a Spaniard could haue indured.
This K;iro of men is borne for iliis, that it might more easily indure what labour socuer. Si hun-
ger, and tliir>t, heat and cdJ, & contiiuinll watching, (& that in the open ayre if neccssi-
lic require) then anv other nation in my iuilgemet. At the length the sixt day fro that de- .j,|^^
parturr, whicii w;\-> like vnto a fligl t, he came to a town of the Tasc;dtecan iurisdiction, called ouanijiia.
(;ua/illi|ia: which coiisi«iti th of 4(KX) li<iii>ie-i, as thev rcjiort. He entred that towne halfcsus-
noctcd, bccati-*e he feared (whiili v-uidlv happrncth in humane an'aires) least their mindes
iiui;ht be changed with f rtuiu-, and ol friends were nowe become enemies, but hec found
ihcv h.iil (Icall railhl'uliv with him. That towne was 4. leagues distant from Tascalteca. \'n-
(Icf'-tanding 1 y thcTa^caitecani's ol the vlaughterof our men and theirs, and of their coimning:
ihcv sei\t two of the cheil'e men of the citly messengers vnto them, the one a man of authori-
tv, and the other Siirufengal. .Mc>scngers ;ll^o came from the conmion wealth of Gua/uzingo Thty of Oiuiii!-
friciul til the 'I'ascaltccane-^, who comjortcd our distressed men iV perswade tliem U) be of {''u^l",';.. "'" "'
ijoiul checre, and put ilu-m in some hope el fiiiure reuenge, oll'ering al their forces I'or the ef-
li'ciing of the matter. Tiiey exhort them to t|uiet ihi'^elues for ii\e i)rese!U alter so many
^rciuances, iV cure their companicns : and I'mtlKT promise that the Tenu-ititancs shoidd shortly
ri'cciue puni-inncnt for tiie slaughter of the Spaniards, & the lossc of their citli/,ens slaine \n-
ilcr ihi'ir protection, ("ortes with these worils coiilirmed his wandering mind, & at tiie re-
i]iic«t of the tinba-sadours went to Ta>calleia. liul he sc • the cmbassadours of theGiia/.u-
/ini:i checreriiils l)a( k agaiiie, hauiiig ])re-<cnliil ihein with lertaine gifts of our coiui(r\' com-
in()iiili(s, i\v> eptable vnto liicni, because the\ were strange. Our men were eurleoiisly inter-
taviicc!, iV cherished with soft bed«, I'v- necessary prouision of victuals. Cortes being to tie-
part til Muteczuma, had le't with the Tascaltecancs some store of gold X: siluer, and fcuind all
liiiiigs intire and safe. iSc tlieir lidelitie k( pt. ISiit what auailcd it : he ■.cut that weallliin chests
(111 ihcsiimine ot '.'KMtO. ("asielianes of oolde, ticsiilrs Iewels,)to liieCohinv oi \'era Crux: line
li( rscs a( I'onipanied those liihes, and 44. loolt '.nen through the eMen\ies borders ol the pronince
ilColua, because th<'\ are friends t<i tlic Tcnnsiitanes: who were t.ike euerv man, «S>: ail sacri-
iiiod to tiieir goiU, \ lieuoured by iheC'ohiani, i*v their treasures diiiided among thi-. Hauing
intiinied y space of twenty daies with the Tascalte> .mes, he cured the woinided men and re-
(Visiud the feeble Alter thi-i, lie sent againc ti tlie ColMnie ol \'era Crux, tlie messeii'.;i'r
rciiirniiig, ^a^d these (iarrisons were all well, at lliat nnN>;.ige C'crtes reinN eed, but ihi- re-i
f r theCominaunders and soiildiers were of opinion, that lliev should he brought liaeke to tiial
Cjluiiy, to tiie intent thatbceing iovncd togeliier, they inigiit more easily re?i.ste llie ireaclurs

and

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« hugr city.

Cortps tnkfth
lilt ciiiy of
■ffptar,..

VOYAGES, NAUIC.ATIONS,

y/ff^// Dfcrt^fc,

A i.istlc bu.lt.

Kml..nl.idrurr
lo Cortrj from
(fiiaccii hiulla
» itty, .it mm
Cy uith the
TrnuitituiM.

An rthcr C'ily
sen* Kmb-i^.a-
dun tu Cottr?.

CnrTf! r'>*th

if IM't llt.l, L

ft ciiiy.

UjLit,. v*cnn

and do( oilH of the cncmio. Corlc.s saylh hoc will not rctunic againc, sceinR hcc had found so
great faithfiilnc*i in the Tnscallccancs and Ouazu/.ingi, and pcrHwadcth them to bee ready jo
take rciicngcofthe Tonnslitanesforsueh their ontragious & villanniH actes. About theCalen-
dcs ofluly in the yerre IJ^O. hec marchcth forward in battayic array. There in an hu);e cittv
railed Tepcaca not farrc distant from Tascaltcca, these eittics pursue each other with hustiii.
hatred. The Tcpe.irenscs sacriliced and deuoured 12. Spanyards taken pas.sing through their
borders. To them Cortes (with great and mighty armies of the Ta.sraltccanes, Chiurutealj
and CJua/uzingi,) diretteth his rmirse: it was reported by the Spies that the Tepearenses
had receiued mereinary souUiiern from the ritty Tcnustitau, against our men. Hut tii.nt 1 mav
rotichide in few wordcs, omitting eireumstaiiee.s, both the hosfCK, & the guests were nni-
(]uered: so that he had the eitv yeelded vp vnto him. They promised by an oath that tl^
would obey the command of Cortes, and in token of o!)edicnrc, theygaiie pledges. Oiironf.
nance and warlik cngins together with our horses (things neuerseen nor heard of bel'ore, hv
them) presently make their courages to qiiaile, but the greatest help was, that power o (','{. nj.
tios gatliered together. In this |)rouince of Tepeaca he chose a new place to plant a colony, iS.
built a Cattle there, which he called Siigura la Frontera. He determined not to trust the Tepca-
renses, because they might easily be perswaded to imbrace the counstllof the Tenusiit,!:,
I'linccs, \: for that Tepeaca is the midd way, intercepting from Vera Crux to these friendlvi,.-
lions. While these thinges were thus done, Cortes had mes.sengers from Vera Crux, who rciinii-
ed, that the forces of Garaius were sent from Panucus tiie king, to that great riucr, to crcci .i
Colony, and that they were vaiuiuished, and oucrthrowne, and esc:iped out of the hands of tin
King Panucus. and were arriued at Vera Crux. After the Te|)eacenses van(|uished, a spreadin ■
rinnour throughout the rest of the bordering nations, stirred vp the minis of the pcdplc
There is another montanous citty called Gnacc.uhiulla, which secretly sei.t lunbassadouri 1 1
Cortes, to offer themselues and all their power against the inhabitauntes of the Prouinci- 1 1
'■ Colua, the fricndesof the Tenustitanes, from whome they complayned, that thev had riicm-
ed innumerable losses, and disgraces, eucn to the rauishmcnt of their women. The (iiiacci.
chiuili are seated on this side the mountaine, enemies to these inhaliilaiMs beyond the niiniii-
taines situated in the counlrie of Colua. The) told Corl<s that .'KNKN*. armed men lay in ;im-
bu^h beyond the niountaincs in the bonlers of Me^linga, betanse they hearde that our inci
wc-re nilMiled (being next vnto the mounlaines) to pa>»e into Colua. He went therelurf Ij
the (Juacrachiulli with iJ(M). S|)ani>h footemen, l.'j. hor><es onelv, three thi iisand of the au\ili,irv
fort'cs. .T!id with certayne peeces ot Artillery; the Commamler- of this ambu>hnient (|iii(ilv
rested tiicmselues securely in the cittv (iiiaccachiiilla. Whereupon he tooke, or slew ihcni
<'uerv manne. The cittv (iuaccac hiulla is fortilieil uith strong towrcd wals, coiiipn>.sed al)i,i:t
with mnuntaines, blessed with a frnitfull soyle, consisting (as they sav ) of (KMM). h(iu>(s n
thereabouts built of lime .ind stone, famous for 'i, riuers watering the plaine ilicreof. Tluri>]\
another cittv K leagues di-ilant duIv IViin (iiiaccachiidla. 'fhis Citty also sent Ijuba-sadiuir.. 1 1
offer to veelde themselues. 'I'he kini; hereof fled awav, with tiie Coluani that c .caped, vIid
beeing for to iiiiov his dominion, refused the same. He rather (lesirc<l to sutler lanishnicnf,
then to be subiecl to our men. .\t tlie request iherfore of the people, hee made his hrotli, i
king in his steade. who promiscii the t itti/ens, that hee would not alter and i liange his di |.
nion. A few tlaves after th:ii, he went to aiuiiher < iltv, named Izzuc.i, 4. le.iyues iiUu In.n
Onaccachiulla, but King another w.iv. .Alter he was in his iourny, hee perceiued there win'
very yreat forces of tlie Coluani in ilie borders of that citty: thev write that thev were 'HMH\,
Thev thought thev were able lo defend the country, that our men shmdd not enter. Wiiliin
the cittv were (KXK). ilefenders, the best of the rest, were distributed into the townesand vil-
lage*;: Init the wtimen, and all such as were \nfit or Miprofitiible for war, they sent forlii into
the wiio'ls, and nionnt, tines with tlieir houshold sliitie. 'I'his tiny is very well forlilittl hv
art and nature, 1 should be wearv wilii retnuniing all the strength thereof, therefore sliorilv
thus. If was wonn at length : the j;reatcr part of the defenders leaped tlowne front the wall
into a riuer niniiing dose thereby, biiiiiise :hey perceiurd they were assailed behind. The
litty being taken, Corle.s pardoned the juiple, t^ coinmaiuleth them to bring backc lluir

fainilic-i.

)

■li i

Tliefifl Decade. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOURRIES,

fiimilies, anil j-oods. They all chcert-rully returned vnto their houses, do that the rltty is prc-
sfilv replenished. By 'Z. messengers of the ritty he commandeth the King who departed with
the TenustitancH, and the roi r)f the Cohiani, to be sent fur: hee refused to come, and dcnired
banishment rather. The brother vnto tiiis king was a bastard, and aged, and by his sonne
who was dead, there was a grandchildc often yeeres old, he therefore placed the nephew only
in the kingdome, because he was legitimate, choosing his vnckle for Protector, ioyning three
nflhc bordering Guaccachiulli faithful! men, and of great authoritic with him in guardianship,
to looke to the estate of the orpliat, while attaining to more yeeres, he knew how to goiicrnc
iiiniselfc. They say this citty I/zufca consistcth of .'i(KK), houses, with about an l(X). towrcd
tf'ples dedicated to their Idols, which Cortes himsclfe saith he numbrcd from a ccrtaine high
place, and in them they sacrifice with mans blood. All these towers with all tlicir Idols he
raiised to be burned: commanding, that hereafter they should no more apply their mindes to
such ceremonies. And he further sayd, that the Creator of heauen and earth hated manslai-
crs: ; u! that it was rOtrary to the law of God and Nature, that one man should kill another.
This cittv hn-h a Castle necre vnto it compassed \,ith hillcs, which defend it from the sharpe
iiui bitter blasies of winds, and by reason of the hcale thereof it bringeth forth exceeding
irrcal t]uantiiy tjf Gossam|)inc cotton. The plainc thereof is well watered. All the fields thcrof
are wel movstened in the siimnur by trenches cut from place to place. There is plenty of all
maner of fruits there, neither is the sowing of pot herbs neglected. The plaine is ful of
towns and \illages. 'i'he (iuaccachiuili being vanquished, & the Izzucani subdued, the
ijme thereof being spread tiirmigli far remoued nations, declared that the countenance of
rauenous and grceilv lurlim was now changed, & of a stepmother was turned into a mildcand
•ourieous moiiier. Tlie minds and aflections of the nations ranne headlong fro the Tenusti-
tans to our men, as it vsu.illy hap|)eneth, in turning of the wheelc. Kinbassadourscomestriu-
iiig in all post li.ist from eiiery place to yceld iheseUies : aflirining that ft)r fe.ire of the Coluani,
\ the reiMisiii:ui Princes of ili.it prouiiice, they durst not iiilhertootVer their due odedience to
»() great .i kiiii;, as the Spmi.irdes professed he was. But now, seeing they hoped to be safe,
and set ured iiy the l.iuour of mir men frci the tyranny of ihe bordering kings, they say that
ihev are come to diseouer the allection of their ciliics. Tiial we niav now at length end this
discourse, related in a sullicient long story : Cortes vnderstood by certaine captiues, that af-
ter the death of .Muleczmna, his brother the Lord of Ilaslapalappa was made king in the cilty
Tcnusiitan, who li. monetlis alter the kiiigdomc & soueraingty taken vpon him, died of the
Mrasels, in whose stead .Muiec/.mnaes si-.tcrs son succeeded, whose name was Catama/inus,
lor of the .'i. daughters of Mulcrzuma, they theselues had slain one, at the bridges in the
slaughter of our men. Hut of the that remained aliuc, the one w.as an idiot, y other dis-
eased with the pal-ie. This Catama/inus cndeuoured to get all mai\er of armes, as many as
he could: especi.dly long pikes, wiicrwith he hopetli to be able to wound the horses afar ofl':
liccause they are disranked onely with il.e incounler of y horse. For he feareth that Cortes
would return vnto him, to reuing the outrage cOmitted; because he vnderstood the nations
ihiclly round about bordering \ p6 him were reunited IVo him, & promised aid vnto our men
for their destruclii)n. Neillier w;is he surely dcceiued, for he said y Cortes would prepare 1^.
vessels of 'J. ranks of oars called Hergantines to destroy that great salt lake, y so great a city,
llicir prouisio of victual being taken from the cV- their cudits broken, might be vrged with such
nci'cssily, y they might Ix- comijelled to submit their necks to y yoke of the king of Spaine.
Ill the me.uie sp.ice he sent .'>. s!ii|)s to lli^paniola, to bring a conueniet nuber of horses, &
iinri|uel)us shott. with store of gimpi;iuler. Cortes writelh that those coutrics are like vnto
Sp.ii.ne in tlie abiulance of riuers, mount.iins, &: woodv vallics. Therefore he desireth the Km-
pemr to confirme y name, which he hail giue vnto those coutrics: for he called al which is
described, Nona llispa;,ia, of the (.)ie:i sea. Withal in the end of his huge volume, he hiibly
licseccheih him lliat it would please his .\I. to send some man of courage i!v experience vnto
him, to \iewe the coa-tes of those countries subdued bv him, that he might report, what he
liad scene. Dated the JO. day of October, front the Castle which he called Segura I'rotera.
IJ20.

367

tluirKluU-

Fortune apaine
smiU-s v^H>ii
Cortes.

C.u.imirinuJ
kiti^ of the
Tciiustiuns*

Cortes prepareth
fur the wane.

I'M-

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8. Mjff.

VOYAOES, NAUIGATIONS,

nc^t Decade.

,V hjlff mlj jriJ
ivukcd men.

To Adrian the Pope, concerning the compassing of the world.

The snicnth Chapter.

Wllilc thr*c wiitinRs rem.iincd in my dcskc, mcsscngent fayling by rca^^on of the long jj^.
tancp of plncc, and dangcrons trauaiiing, beholde lare matter* iliscoiiered, behold now liatchci!
broodt from the prcj;naiit Ocean. This wrke shall he concluded with two additions thrrrimto,
vvhii h shall far cxceale ihr former discotir^ic in worth : one, of the Mtrang, and incrcdiliji. , ,|,„1
passin)- ufihe world, and the llandcs which brinp; forth spices discouered: ^ other, wiihwha'
art, pollicy, hcalc of conrige and force ofanncs of the TaMaltccane, {Jua/.ii/in;ii, and the
bordering enemies of Mntec ziiina aiding him, IVniandus Cortes recouered that hii;^rc and
mighty city of the Like, 'I'l luistiian, and all the power thereof and ouerthrcw it, and alino.f
vllcrlv (l(>troved it. Whereby no siii;ilt addition is m.ade to the scei)tre of your llolimssc,
a'ul the kingiinme of ;;rcat Ca'<lili'. Ihit lot vs come to the Paralell compassed from i;;is| t,,
West, and to the negoiiation nf Spices, v hich is somewhat further to be deriucd. Vyim ih,.
riity liarchinnna, when the Empcrour int. luled the Laletanc Councel there, your HolimN.c
being prc>'ident in our FmpevdJiis Senate of Indian alfayres: charge was giuen, as you ninv
rcmeinbcr, to I'ernandus MaijaijIi.nHis the Portugal!, who (led from his owtie King, to sc;ir(ii
out the Molucha Iland<, which nourish spices, for that being 7. yeeres conucrsant in tiiii(<
past, in the Cochinean, Caiianorean, C,>|ocutcan, Chcrsonesian, otherwise called the ,Ma!ailii;i,
Nfartes and favres, he kncwe where tho-r Hands lav. They are not farrc distant by sea IVi,;.
gdljen ChersoncsMs, commonly calh 1 Maiacha & H rest of those marls. Maga;;lianus hcinr
ilismisscd by our Senat whereof your Ilnlinessc was president, sctsavie to sea from iJarainc'.
the mouth of )?ethis, the *i(). of September in the yeere l.')iy. with .'>. sliippes, the Adtmr:
w hereof was called the Trinity, the other S. Antliony, the \'ictory, the Ctini epiion, and S. I nm ,
in the which he carried '2.17. men, of tiicse ships, two only returned. One of the wl.i :,
forsaking tlic .Admirall, returned vnscrui<Table : the other, almost ,'{. ycires after her i!c'|i:ii!
uro cut o( Spaine ( for shee arriued the (>. of September l.»'22 at the same hauen, fro wiu'iicc
shee departed when shee went out) returned laden with clones, & certaine other spice*.
Vew of (he men escaped. Aiul the Admirall hiniselfe Magaglianus remained siiJl in one i
the llandcs called Maiam, slaine by the inhabil.mts in his voyage, as we shall (Icclare Iicit'-
after. Uetweene the Castelanes and the Portugues there is a certaine naturall h.iireii .i I
priuie grudge from all antiquity: Magaglianus scekini; cbiiers occasions vnder pretend' i ;
justice, con-umed many of the Castcllaius, becau»c they obeyed him vnwillinuly. Orilur,
wc shal speak in their fit places : now let vs come to the vo\age \ndertaken bv them. .\r-
riuing at the fortunate Hands first, and after comming within \iew of the Hands (Jorsodt-.
which the Portugail Lord thereof calleth the Cireeiie Cape: thev turned about loll;,. ri!;lt
hand on the backe side of our supposed Continenl. all alonj; the leii!;ih of that I,''k1 whiili
is called S. Augustine, as the Castellaues named it : and a lillle further to S. Marv, so cillcd
of the I'orliijjalN, which extendetli it selfe ."i. fle^rces beyond the iTcjuinoctiall line, aniUi
they came to tiic ;\ntar( tick, to the very •iignc it selfe : where in one of the Decades we >a\(l
that Soli«ius ihc Captain of our fleete, running along those shoares, was sl.iinc, with rcrl.ii; e
of his consorts, and dcuoiired by the inhabitantes. That Hay, as thev s;iy, is .JS. degn <•> h,-
yond the a-cpiinoctiall to the Atifardic k This place was called the Bay of Saint M irv. I
bane else where s;iyd that a Ha\ is (.died a gulfe. .\I<'sspngers being sent from Magai;ii.ini:i
against the sireamc whi( h fell into the guile with one of the ships, iS: the pinnace of an-i-
ther, they saw three hill'e wild, and n.iked men, two spaunes higher then the conuncn st.>
ture of men ; One of them beeing more hardy then the rest enlre<l the boate. Our mm
supposed that he woulil bane allured his companions to the ships, if thev intreated itim well.
when they had him in their hands. Ilauing well intertained him ■ 'th meat tS: drinko, and
cloathing, they setii him backe againe. Rut none f)f them came \riio them, nr>ther rctiiriifd
he any more. Yet they found trees cut with onr halchels, and in the lop .dso of anmlicr
tree, a Crosse erected, but found no fooling of any one of our men. They report wonch r

TlicMt Decade.

TUAFFIQUKS. AND DISCOUERIES.

.1(59

^' I • *

full tilings of the largcnw of llii<t riiicr, as elsr where I hniie spoken of Marap;noniis in the
roiinfrvOf Paria to the North. They say, they went 20. Ieague<i vp the riuer, where they af. A Riu.r.
firmc it is 17. leagues broadc. Hut the mouth thereof (because in their iournic they pcr-
cciued that many other riuers flowed into it) they say, is exceeding broad: and that Ircsh
waters are drunkn for a very srcat space within the Sea : leauing which Bay, a few degrees
to the antarclick, because it now bended to the westerne Innd, they found another great
gulfe, which they named S. lulian. There was a very safe Harbour there, therefore the Ad- s. luiui
mirall commanded them to cast ancor. Now the sunne ascending vnto vh, forsnoke those
rountries : After they had passed the middle of Aries, they were oppressed with cold, as our
northren men are, the sunne passing the halfc part of Libra. In that hauen our men passed
more then 4. months of the sommer, vnder cottages, and sheds vpou the shoare, dcteyncd
through extremity of cold, and shut in by tempestuous weather. For in the Kalends of
Aprill they tookc that Harbour, and went out the 9. of the Kalends of September. Here
Magaglianus the Portugall dealt cruelly with a certaine man called Johannes Cartagena, the fa- Thcdiriiv.irr
miliar friend of the BurKentian Bishop : who bv the kinjies decree was ioyned in commission of Mi«wIi ""•
With Magaglianus, and was Vice-admirall ol the lleete. Him, and a priest (vnder pretence c..iiaiti.j.
of plotting to kill him) he set a shoare, with a bagg of bisket, and each of them their sword :
he would haue punished their deuises by death, if peraduenture they imagined to kill him :
hut fearing the hatred of the Castellanes already conceiued against him, he durst not. Diuers
report this matter diucrsly, and other things like vnto this. Some say Magaglianus lawCully
did, that which he did, others taxe him, .uid a.scribc those executions to the generall aun-
cient hatred betwcene the Castellanes and Pfntugues. There, they saw cottages of the in-^|,( p.„^„„,,,
habitanfes : but it is a barl)aroi:s nation, vnarme<l, oncly coucred witii skinnes, a runagate
people, without any certaine place of abode, lawlessc, of a large stature, and are called I'a-
tagones. The sunne now returning to those coastes : waving .uiclior nut of that Harbinir of
Saint Inliaii, the 9. of the Kalendes of September, in the yeare l.'iSI. they descend vnto the
antarclick 14 degrees more, as they say. Hecre wee must walke a little vppon plaine ground.
This Nfagaglianus when bee was a childe, confusedly heard vnder a cloud, in the Portugal
actions, thnt there lay a straight, and narrow Sea, in those countries, intangled and inclosed
with diners co.Tstcs, and' reaches, but which way he w.is to seeke it, he vnderstoodc not.
Chance offered that, which reason directed not; for ther arose a great tempest, insomuch v -mrrtt
that it violently carryed one of the ships, and < ast her whole vpon some of the next rorkes, ^ "I,*"; !,,
.nnd left her hanging there, the men were preserued : but the shipp remained shiuered in
)icfcs by the violence of the sfi rme. Beholde now one of the fuie left behind. A little
urther on the left hand he had the huge Ocean. On the right h.md, vnarcessihle snowv
mountains : one of the ships which drew lesse water, seeking an Harbour from the- fury of
the wanes, drew nerre to the land. By chance they saw a narrow straight, and going a little
fiirlhrr in, she light vpon a Bay 4. Spanish leagues broad, and ti. leagues long, the ship re-
turning bringelh tidings of a straight. Heere I omit manv smale and trifling things, the rest
of the ships follow : they say that in some place they might cast stones with a .siing to evther
moiinlune. The countrey is desert, and thcv afbrine that the moiintaynes on both sides of
ihe.Str.ii^ht are beset with Cednr trees. Hauiiig j)assed bcvond that Bav, thev met with ano-
ther Straight, some what broader, vet narrow. .\f'tcr that, another Bay, and then another
.Str.ii^hl, beyond which, there was another Bay, to witi, as two narrow mouthcs in the Maps
of Kiirnpe, containing a certain large space to the Hellespont : so in this straight ther were
ilirce, with a.s many large it great spaces. I'hesc straights are full of small llands, where-
upon beeing alwavs suspiiious, and fearing shallow e water, thev savlcd by those places. But
fiicrv where they found very deepe seas. Nowe that tract or coast bent vnto the •Tstiuall Oc-
( ident, wiiich they note to bee extended an hundred and ten leagues in length. While thev
ca-t anchor in a certaine square space of the Sea of that coast, they found nothing worthv
the remembrance. Three of the Ibure shippes follow their course. The fourth called -S. •»«'; '■'^r
.\nthony. rem.iyned in that square space, their consorts thought shee would follow : but shee""""'
ahode still, and gaue her companions the slip, and now returning backe, a long lime reiiiled
Magaglianus with repnachfull speeches. Wee do not suppose that the Cotnmanders of the
vut,. V. 3 1) ship

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VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

^e^ Decade.

A gtriic dil>
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•hip would suffer nich diiobedience vnpunished. The rest therfore proceed with 3. ships
cnely. At length they come out of those straights, for hauing entred into them the 21. of
October, they came out the 5. of the Kalendes of December. They say, they had very long
dayes at Ant time, and very short nights : neither is it contrary to the reason of the Sphere.
Hauing passed that coast, they tooke the huge Ocean, another Sea. Thct is to say, on the
backcside of our supposed Continent, and is ioyned to that Sea, which in the Decades I call
the South sea. first fbund out by Vaachus Nunnez from Darien, the sons of King Comogrus
directing him : they say, they bued 3. months, & 90. dayes in that huge Ocean, contenting
theseluea with the sight of the heauen. and the salt water. They report lamentable thinges
of their great wantes, and of the extremity of heate which much vexed them. They con>
fesse that an handful of Rice, for many dales together, was their daylv portion onely, without
a morsell of any other meate. And there was such scarcity of potable water, that they were
compelled to cast in a third part of salt seawater to boile the Rice, and if perhapps any would
drinke it without mixture, hee was forced to shutte his eyes by reason of the greene tainture
thereof, and stoppe his nose for the stincke. Sayling through that great sea, to the West,
and North, they came to the asquinoctiall line againe, next vnto whiche they founde two
lia'n'defc''"""'" ^o'*'*'*^ Ilaudcs, which they called the vnfortunate ilandes, beecause they were vnprofitable,
and desert. After that they called the multitude of Ilandes Archipelagus, like our Cycladeg
in the Ionian Sea : in the beeginning of whiche, they went a shoare in manie Ilandes fiue
hundred leagues didtaunt from the comming out of the narrowe Straight, those Ilandes (the
Litrones. auncicut name not beeing expressed) they called Latrones, because they stole whataoeuer they
coulde lay hand on, although our menne quietly suffered it : as that wandrin^ kinde of theeues,
whiche the Italian calleth Zingari, who fayne themselues to bee ^Egyptians : amonge the
thinges which were stolne, the boate, wherein our menne went a shoare from the shippes,
when they hadd scarce turned their backes, yet they caryed her away : but many of them
beeing slaine first, they brought her againe. It is a naked people, and halfe brutish. In
The Hand But- ihat placc a tree groweth which beareth Coccus The greatest of those Ilandes is Burneia.
which without doubting, they write to be two hundred and foure and fiftie leagues in circuit
A itrang t«e. about. In the Harbour of this Ilande tlicy say, a tree groweth whose leaues falling, goe
creeping like a wurme : I suppose some viiali spirile swelles between both sides of the leafe,
which like a pufT of winde that lasteth for a smal time, may moue the leaues. They vnder-
stood that there were 2, kindes of Religion there. Idolaters, and Mahumetanes, agreeing well
inough one with another. Heards of oxen Si BufTalas are nourished there, flocks also of
goates, and great plenty of our country fatted foule are there maintained, but no sheepe,
They want wheatc, barlie, and wine, but hauc abundance of Rice, that is their bread, and
of Rice they make diuers daintie dishes. The Burneian King, and our men, interchangablv
saluted each other with acceptable presents. The King sent his presets to our men vpon 'i.
Elephants : and the next day after, 32. sortes of dainty meats brought vpon the shouldera of
noblemen : they say that the citty of this Prince consisteth of 25. thousand houses : but
made of wood, except the Kings pallace which (they say) is built of stone. Many little
he lUiid zubo. Ilandes lie about Burneia : among the which there are two, whereof the one is called Zubo,
and the other Matan of the cheife towne thereof so called. Magaglianus procured vnto him-
selfe the loue & fauour of the king of Zubo, by bestowing certaine presents of our country
commodities vppon him, acceptable vnto him, because they had not bin scene before &
were estranged from their knowledge. He subiectcd the King to Baptisme, and to the obe-
dience of Cesar. Moreouer, leaning the ships in the hauen of Zubo, he passed ourr with
their skiffes, & the Canowes of that Prouince, and certaine Zubensian soldiers, into the
Hand Matan, so called of the towne Matan, which lieth within the view therof, 4. Iraguest
only distant from thence. He endeuoured by Interpreters to perswade the King of Matan,
that he would subiect himselfe to the great king of Spaine, and to the king of Zub«, j^ to
pay tribute to the great king of Spaine, he answered he would obey him, but not the king
of Zubo. Magaglianus made a pray of the town next vnto the kings sente, and wholly con-
sumed it with fire, to the number of some 50. houses : and returned backe to Zubo with a
pray of victuals (whereof there was some scarcity in Zubo) and of diuers implements &

furniture

IdolaTrn itnd
Mahumctani
hecre.

Rice.

Prfienf" carrifd
vpon Llrphtntl.

Thf kirgcs pal-
I,

Thf king? of
/uhu tijptiztd
and .tibmittcLh
to ths kinge uf
Spayne.

U i|.

TluJ^ Decade.

the Jift Decade,

TRAFFIdUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

371

Magagliinus
' ' lie by the
kiiige uf Matin,

40 men slayne
and lost in the
' He Zubo.

furniture for houws. But the greater parte of them the Zubehses (enemies to them of
Matan) tooke from him. Eight dayes after that, Magaglianus returning after the ftame man-
ner, leaning his shippea, attempted by force of armes, and assault, to win Matan the kings
towne it selfe. The king refused to obey the command of Magaglianus, brought hethcr by
euill destinie : and went out armed with tiie inhabitants of the towne to meet him. Besidrs
weapons of that prouince, of canes, and wood hardened in the fire, this king hath gotten
long speares : for the Sericc, & marchants of the countries of the Sienae do often trade with
these Hands. To make short he was slaine with 7. of his companions, by the king, and 22
wounded. So that the good Portugall Magaglianus ended his greedy desire of spices. The)
that remained, returning to their companions to Ztibo, were inuited by the Zubensian king.
At that banquet lohannes Serranus (the principall Pilot of the Ocean, of whom I spoke in
my former Decades) now master of one shipp, Sc another master of another, with some 10.
more perhaps of their companions, were present. In the meane space, about some 40,
others of the marriners wandred through the Hand. The kings armed troops lying in ambus-
cado sally forth vpon them while they were at dinner, & slew some, and kept the masters of
the ships aliue, and stripping them starke naked drew them openly to the shoare, supposing
that others would liaue come from the ships with their skifTes, to take them in. They that
kept the ships durat not go vnto them. So leauing their copanions, these vnfortunate men
set saile. I inquired diligently of them that returned, & among the rest, of a yong man of
Genoa, one Martinus (t» ludicibus, who was present at al things, what crime cdmitted moued
the Zubensian king to attept so cruel k wicked a deed. They suppose that the deflouring
of their women caused this perturbation : for they are iealous. These are the Hands (in my a multitude of
iudgement) wherof many Authors report many things : that thousands of Hands, som fay 3. *" "*
thouiiiids, others increase it, are not far distant from the Indian shoares. Of those Hands
that lie about Burneia, there is one, wherein are 2. towns, Buturan, & Calegam : there they ^"5""" ""'
were peaceably receiued. Fr5 the same Hand they saw another, which the Caleganenses * '"'"'
nhewed the with their finger, where the Buturanenses, & Caleganenses said, that ther was so
great plenty of gold in the sand of the Sea, that the sand only being sifted through a siue, ^i<''-
they might picke out graines of gold, which were as big as a fifberd nutt, or little lesse : the
rest they contemne, as nothing worth : with in the view of this Hand there is another, famous
for two stately towns : Vnidanaus, & Chipicus, of the which, the one looketh to the South, vnidiwus and
and the other to the North. The Southernc land ingendreth Cinamon, the other gold. They Mtelytown^fc
i^aue our men somewhat of either, for exchange of commodities. To these Hands (as I haue
already sayd) marchants of the Sericae, and Sienenses, & other countries of India, vse often
to resort, barter for gold, and precious stones, and other things : and giue them webbs of
linnen or woollen cloth, and other things seruing for apparell, and humane ornament, and
also for the vse of warre. From the prospect of these Ilar.Js, those Malucha Ilandes so much
desired, are 175. leagues distant to the ^equinoctial, they account them 10. degrees : why
they should beate their braines about these computations, I see no reason. The ancient Phy-
losophers, will haue a degree consist of 60. Italian miles, whereof euery one includeth a
thousande paces by measure. These say, that a league containeth 4. of those miles by sea,
and but three by land. If we lake the computation of leagues, after the maner of the Span-
ish sea men, euery degree containeth 15. leagues: but they, contrary to the opinion of all
men, say that a IDegree containeth 17. leagues, and a halfe. Let them vnderstand them-
selues, for I vnderstand them not. Let vs come to the Maluchas : at length they altayned Th'y «
them. There are fiue principall Hands of them, either vnder the aequinoctial line, or next '^ ^''
vnto it, almost of an equall circuit or compasse : euery one of them is contained within the
compasse of 4. 5. or 6. leagues at the most. By a certaine instinct of Nature, an high hill
ariseth in euery one of them. In them the Cloues naturally growe and increase. The huge ^^'""'■
land named Gilolo seemeth to inclose them all fiue vppon the Antarctick side. Cloues also cuoio.
grow in Gilolo, but somewhat sharpe, and halfe wilde : as it happeneth of chesnutts, &
oliues of wild oliue trees not grafted, but in all those small Hands there are aromaticall, and
pleasant fruits and spices. But it is a most delightfull thing to heare, by what meanes in their f'y'" "»<

3 B 2 iudgement''""''

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clutlfS.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Theftfi Decade.

Kicr.

A third thlp
broke lu

Those Uaniies

happie, and

why.

Urcad of the pith

of old date trees.

A \ltiruy kinde
cf birad be sure,

BrriJ of the
^rjyne of Tipha.

A fjisll rule.
.Sjgrr.

\ffruan apUs.

Nasturtium

.i^UJtlCUIll.

Aniprllui or
Adlfri banc.

judgement that aromaticall vigor ia put into the Cloue. The inhabitauntes sa^^, that a ce^
tayne Cloude ariseth thrice euery day (they say it is sent from Heauen) early in the Morn-
ing, at noone, and in the euening, which couereth the toppes of the Hilles which bring
Toorth clones, so that, at that time the toppes cannot bee scene : and after a short time that
cloud is dissolued. And the trees of clones, which are almost equal), & like to bay trees
they say it is an argument, that they become fruitfuU with that spirit of breathing, because
that cloude neuer descendeth to the plaine of those hils : nor the trees transplanted from the
hils prosper, or bring forth sauory fruite. Euery Hand preserueth the plaine for the sowing
and bringing foorth of Rice. They went a shoare in one of them, by whose king they vrere
peaceably, & honorably intertained, but with 2. ships only : for the third, they brak in
peices, because they wanted men, to gouerne more, after the slaughter of the Admirall, and
his companions, and that fatall banquet. The ships which were called the Trinity, and the
Victory, remained safe. This nation is almost naked, and vse breeches made of the inner
rine of trees to couer their secret parts only. But that king told vs, that therefore he ioyfujly
receiued our mcnne for his guests, because that a few months before, he saw in the circle of
the moone, a forraine nation come from sea plainely, & confessed that our men differed not
one iot fr5 that image which he saw : they say, that they suppose these Hands are 5000.
leagues distant from Hispaniola, which containe 20000. Italian miles : but I thinke they are
deceiued. Our men say those Hands are happy, although they want our bread, and wine,
and beefe, and mutton, because they are contented with their Rice, of the which they maice
a thousande sorts of meate. They haue another kinde of common bread of the inner pith
of certaine olde date trees falne downe, withered with long continuance, as it vsually falleth
out in thicke woodes standing vpon mountaines, remoued from resort of men, in the which
great trees fall, smitten with the violence of whirlewindes, or earthy substance fayling in the
rootes, through long space of yeers, and the length of trees incre.nsing, which require greater
strength of rooles, then the earth it selfe can giue them, to sustaine the tree. Mow soeuer it
be, many lie in the woods, and grow old, & are eaten with the wormes. Such is that pith of
the Date tree, of which they make their common bread. They cut the pith into square pro-
portions, then presently they grinde it into meale, and dry it, and lastly they kneade it, & bake
It. They brought pieces thereof made in the forme of a bricke. I desired to tast it, but no-
thing was more rough, nothing more vnsauory : that must bee the foode of poore miserable
men, who haue not 5' ability to procure rice : because they are ignoriit in tillage of the ground.
And I myself haue seen the inhabitants of^ mountaines in the montanous countries, & villages,
eate a little more sauory brcadc, almost of a blacke color, of the grayne of Tipha, com-
monly called Spanish Centenum, or Miliium or Panicum, or some other worse then these.
It is a rule in the arbitremcnt of the wheele turninge about, that fewe should be satisfied,
many famished, some haue delicates, not many foode. Yet men Hue euery where, for na-
ture is contented with a litle, so we be vsed to a litle. They are carefull to maintaine goate«
& all kinde of criimed foule : they haue also sweete Canes, out of which suger is taken.
They haue also AfTrican apples, which the Italians & the Spaniarde call Pomegranals &
Oringes Sc Citrons of all sortes. Among these apples, the Spaniard calleth Limas Limones,
Narangias Torongias, Cidras Cidrones which diiiere amonge themselues. Among herbes
also why should I call Nasturcium Aquaticu herbs growing in ^ litle streams of ^ foutaineai*
If the cumon people of Spaine plainly & without circulocutio call the by one name Becrus
and ^ Italian Cresones P And which prouoketh more to disdaine amonge those herbs,
a certaine poysonous killing herbe (I know not what) groweth, of the Spaniard called Ana-
pellus. One being demanded (who careth to store vp nothing in the treasure of his minde,
but to be a Latinist) whether it might bee lawfull to call it Anapelliis, because the Latine
tongue wantrth that woorde, & it may very well bee taken elsewhere ? he will wryth the
Nose, and with a certaine graue and stately countenaunce whisper and buzz it into your
eares, that it ought to be called woolfes bane. Therefore thus in my iudgement with the
good likinge & leaue of those fine wilted fellowes, the Hands of Malucha abounde with
Limons, Oringes, Citrons, Pomegranats, and pott herbes. I made metiu of Creasonsor

Bcrris,

TheM Decade.

The An Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

373

Berris, & Anapellus, not without cause, for whe in the first beginning of supper ve eate ;^Th« force of

herbe with salt, vincger, &oyle: my deere fried Fernandus Rodericus (whose helpe your *'* '""'"'

Holinea sometimes vsed by persuasid of ^ Emperoun Maiesty) lyght vpd Anapellus which

as soone as he had take, he fell flat downe in such a taking as if he had eaten Hemlock, or

Libberds bane, but we presctty preut-ted daunger of death with Treacle & Mithridate : Yet

he liued a long time halfe benummed. Is not Anapellus a pleasing & well souding word,

when they will clatter & babble ^ it ought to be called the stragler of ^ woolfe by a filthy

circumlocution ? They make not wine of grapes, which the Maluchas Ilandes haue not but

make very pleasant wines of diuers kindes of fruites, especially of one. There is aiso with

them and with the inhabitants of our supposed continent, a tree almost a Date tree in like- of the tree

nesse of forme, but very vnlike in the manner of bearinge fruife. This tree bringeth forth 12. p"","!'* ''"

bunches of berries, soinetimes more, euen to the number of 20 : in euery bunch clusters as thereof.

of the grape, but couered with a thousande rindes: euery cluster being pilled, is very like

vnto a smale Melo, but of a shelly rinde or barke, almost as hard as a shell. They call those

fruites Coccus, & this Coccus is wrapped with in more outward curious wouen works, then

the date, which is to be eaten, with the same litle ribbes, certaine nettworks bindinge them

together: and those skinnes are to be taken away with noe lesse labour, the dates are pilled.

These Cocci being opened, yecld meate & drinke, for they finde the full of sweete & pleasiit

liquor. Within the barke or rind a certaine spongy masse of the thicknes of two fingers, is

nourished sticking'wiihin the shell in whilenes & softnes like vnto butter, or suet, but

tweeter in tast : That lumpe is cutt a way from the inside of the shell, being vei^ fit to bee

eaten. If it remaine but a few dayes in the vessell a litle rouled vp together, it is sayd to

melt, & turne into oyle, sweeter then oyle of oliues, and is very wholsome for such as are

sicke. Another profitable seruice of nature is receiued from this tree. They pierse the

<iides of 5 tree where the leaues spring out: whereupon they say that potable liquor dis-

tiileth forth by droppes, into vessels set vnder the, which liquor is most pleasing to the

tast, & agreeable with health. They apply theselues to takinge of fish, whereof those Seas

euery where ingender many sorts, and among the rest, one very monstrous, somewhat lesscAiithafams.

then a cubit, all belly, with a backe not fensed with scales, but with a very hard skinne, with ""''" ''">^-

a swines snowte, armed in the forehead with two straight bony homes, and with a diuided

backe, bunchinge out, & bony. The Kinge to whom our menn went a shoare, beleuing that

they were brought thether by Gods helpe and direction : demanded of our men what they

desired, or what they sought ? They say, they desire spices. What we haue (saith he) you

shall obtaine. With that he calleth his tributary Ilanders vnto him, and commandeth euery

one of them to shew their heapes of clones vnto our men, & suffer them at their pleasure

to take them away, yet /iuing honest contentment for the same : for when they be ripe,

they lay them together on heapes at home, expecting marchants, as it falleth out in all Fayrcs of slices.

others marchandize. Heere they are carried to the Collocitean, Cochinean, Canenorian, and

Malachean faircs, in certaine great shippes, which they call lunckes. So doe they likewise

of Pepper, Ginger, Cinnamon, and other Spices which eflicminate the mindes of menn,

needeles, and vnneccssary allurements : but in these 5. Ilandes of the Maluchas noe other

Spices grow, saue Clones. Yet those Hands which bring forth other delicates are not farre

di.'Mnt fru those, as the inhabitants of the Maluchas told vs, & had learned by an experiment

of pyracy. For when they set sayle to the Maluchas from the great Ilande Burneia, and

the rest of the Hands lying round about, in one of the which they siewe the Admirall Ma-

gaglianus : as they sayled, they suddenly light on a great ship of those prouinces vnpre-

pared, called a luncke, laden with marchandize, amonge which they found some store of all

ether spices, but in smale quantity, yet very perfect, and well conditioned, because they

were new gathered : nor dare those shippes passe ouer the longe reaches of the Sea, because

their shippes are not built with so gnate art, that they can bruukc those stormes of the Sea,

which ours indure : nor are their marrincrs so skilfull, that they knowe how to sayle, when

the wind bloweth not directly in the sterne. That shipp brought her burde of the coutry

prouision into another Hand next adioyninge : to witt. Rise, Coccus, wherof I spake a litle

before,

f:. •'

< ..

\i^^"\

V-' \s\

.'Vf

fvpp

374

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

3f*« M Decade.

The Trinitie
■ nd whit befell
her.

before, heimet, geese, k many things else to be eaten, & some store also o( graines of golde :
with these profits & reuenues they prepared themsehirs dainty dinners, at j cost ni'inno.'
cents passing by without suspitio. They therefore determined to lade the two shippeg that
remained, with Clouea : & because they found not such store with ^ kinge, to (il both shippg
the King himselfe speedily roweth ouer to the bordring Ilandes within vewe, for, of 6. fower
of them may see one another. The fift is a litie further from the rest, not so fan- as the eye
of mann may discerne but a litle more. Behold two ships filled with Cloues newly gathered
firom the trees thenuelues, from which they brought also the bowghes, each hauinge their
clones vpon them. It was a delightfuU thing to all Courtiers to see those branches & to smell
those little berries on their mother boughes. That sent diflereth not meanely from the smell
of old Cloues which the Apothecaryes sell. I had many boughes of them that were brought :
and I imparled many vnto many, to be sent vnto diuers countryes. There remaine yet a
fewe with me, which I will keepe vntill I vnderstand whether any of them came vnto your
Holines his handes. Behold two shippes laden with Cloues. Let vs declare what followed
thereupon, One of the two called the Trinitie, putrified, was eaten through, 8c rotted with
wormes (which the Venetian calleth Bissa, and the Spaniard Broma) & was boared so full of
holes, as the water rann through her sides, & Pumpe as through the holes of a Sine. Wliere-
fore shee durst not committ her selfe to the Sea for such a longe voyage, till she were new
repaired. The Trinitie therefore remained there still vntill this day, but whether shee be
safe or no, wee knowe not. Of fiue shippes therefore two only returned. This which is
called the Victory returned now : and the other called Saint Anthony, the former yeere, but
fewe of the menn. It remaineth that wee declare, what way shee returned : For after three
Victory reiumed yeereg (a fcwc davcs only excepted ) from her departure shee came backe another wav, b»

how shee com- -.,,_* , i ,i , f -r « ■ • • i ». i • i • /• •_• l ' •

paued the earth, euill fortune Icauinge all the cheife menn bchinde her. But this shipp (which was neuer
heard of before, nor neuer attempted from the beginninge of the worlde) went about the
whole Parallel, and compassed all the Earth. What would Graecia haue faincd vppon this
incredible Nouelty, if it had happened to any Graecian ? The Argonautick shippe (which
without blushinge and derision they suspiciously fable to be carryed vp to heauen ) may say,
what hath she effected? If we consider what ^ ship hath done, going out of the citty Argog
into Pontus, to Oeta. & Medea, with their Nobles Hercules, Theseus, and lason, I knowe
not what shee hath done : for it is yet vnknown what that golden fleece was but what the
distance of the iourney fro Gnecia to Pontus was, childre haue learned it with yong Gram-
marians. That distace is much lesse the a Gyantes nayle. But wee must labour to per-
swade men, how it might be that shee compassed the world : for it is hard to be belerued.
The proofe from Let VS take proofe thereof from hence. Let your Holines cumand a solid roud Sphere to be

"^ ^ brought, wherein the figure of the whole world is described. There let your Holines take

the Herculean narrow passage called the straight of Gibraltar for your guide. Goingc out
on the left hande, the Fortunate Iliids commonly called the Canaries, are the first Ilandei
they meete with. Betweene them & the shoare of Affrica saylinge directly South, they meetc
with other Hands called the Hands of ^ Greene Cape, by the Portugalles who are Lords
thereof, but in Latin ^ Medusean Gorgones. Here your Holines is to marke with an Altick
minde, for from hence the grounde of this admiration is taken. The Portugalles from the
Hesperides turned about wholly to the left hand, and passe the aequinoctiall line, and goe
beyond the Tropick also of Capricorne, euen to the furthest ende of Montes Lume : called
the Cape of Bona Esperansa : as they commonly cal it : from the Equator 34. degrees some,
deduct two. From the pointe of that promontory, they retume backe to the East, and sayle
by the mouthes of the Erithrean Sea, and the Persian gulfe and by the huge mouthes of
Indw), and Ganges, as farr as golden Chersonesus, which (as we sayd) they call Malucha.
Behold the halfe part of ^ Circle of ^ world. All Cosmographers by a perpetuall accompt
haue set it downe in writinge, that, that is ^ space of 12. howres, of the z4. which the sunne
runneth. Now let vs measure the halfe which remaineth. We must therefore retume to
the Gorgodes. This ours litle flecie of 5. shippes, leauinge those Hands on the lelt hand,
went direcily to the right hande, turninge stcrne to sternc to the Portugalles, on the backe

side

Whit way the

A campiriKm
betwixt the
Argonautick
ship 10 much
renoioumed by
anti({uity ajld
this.

the sphere and
(opauc,

The M Decade.

TheJifl Decade.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

875

side or that lande of oun, which we call the supposed Continent, whose first entnnce is in
the iurisdiction of the Portugues, & this fleete went so fair, ^ (as wee now say) ^ way they
attained more then 60. degrees of the Antarctick : I note not the particular number because
they differ in the report of the degrees, although but litle. FoIIowinge the West, as the
Portugalles did the Eiut, they made those Ihinds of the Maluchas behinde them which are not
farr distant from that where Ptolomeus placeth Gatigara, & the greate gulfe : that wide &
open entrance to the country of the SIub. What shall I say of the ^^^eat gulfe, and Ga-
tigara which (they say) they found not so situated, as they are described by Ptolomy, for
the present I omitt them happily else where I shall speake thereof more at large. Let vs
returne to the copassing of the Paralel, behold the golden Chersonesus found out a cleane OoUcn chcru-
contrary way to that of the Portugues: and this ahipp (Queene of the Argonautikes) re-"*""*
tiirneth the same way within the vewe of golden Cnenonesus, holding the same course
that the Portugues did : this khippe arriuinge at the Hesperian Gorgodes. 'n great want and They arriue it
necessity of all thinges, sendeth her boate a shoare with IS. menn, to desirt water, and some- o^ij^',^'""
what to eate, yet not freely. There the Portugues officers of their King (who supposed their
right eye should bee plucked out, if any other Prince gott the profit of Spices) made
stay of the boate and menn against the league made from the beginninge of the diuision,
established & confirmed by Pope Alexander the sixt : and the Kinges Gouemours of the
Hesperides attempted to take the shippe it selfe, which had bin easily done. But the mari-
ners vnderstandinge of the Muccesse of their companions, before the Portugalls could pre'
pare their shippcs for the encounter wayinge ancor, they say, they fledd away, leauinge 13.
of their companions in the power of the Portugues, of 31. which they brought thether, of
60. menn taken into the shippe at the Maluchas, but the Portugues settinge them at liberty,
by c5mandement of their King sent the home againe. If I would recite their greiuances,
daungera, hunger, thurst, watchinges, & painfull labouni in pumpinge out the Sea water
day and night which came in through the 6pen chinkeH and holes, I should insert too longe
a discourse, let this therefore sufBcc for that shipp which was fuller of hoales than any siue,
and for those 1 8. persons which shee brought, who were more carion leane, then any stanie*
linge hdrse. They say they were violently driuen so farr out of their course, that they The <);«« cs-
affirme they rann, 14. thousand leagues saylinge now hether, now thether, although they JJUfi^'/.'jf.n
confeMse the whole compasse of the Earth is lesse then 8. thousand, because they knewe not, 8- thousand
what way (contrary to the course of the Portugalls) these desired Ilands were to bee sought. *"*""'
Meanes are made, that such enterprises should not come to nought: what shalbee deter-
mined, and how the matter shalbc concluded with the Portugalles, who complaine that they
ghall sustaine cxccedinge lossc by thi«t meanes, wee will hereafter signifie. They say that
the Maluchas are within the limits nsignod to either king, to witt, ^ kings of Casteele, & the
Portugall, by Pope Alexadcr ^ xixt : they say, they are townes, & coiitry villages which
bring J prolitts of their lads to ^ Malachia, Colocutca & Cochinean marts, as generally it
falleth out with country men, who bring such necessary things as country men nourish
and maintaine at home, to sell the at cittyes & townes. But we haue foud J the Maluchas The Miiuchu
haue bin vsurpcd by them, because it is without that line, diuidinge fro East to West, k!ngeofVr°ine!
from cither Pole. That is best knowne vnto your Holincs, because this question was often
ili-;.usscd before you. One thing remaincth which will fill ^ Readers with great admiration,
especially those, who thinkc they haue y wandering courses of the Hcauens familiar before
haiide. When this ship came backe to the Gorgodes, ) s.iylers thought it had bin Wednes-
ibv, but found it to be Thurstlay. WhereupO they say that in that wandring course, they lost The losse of,
one day, in that space of 3. yeeres. But 1 replycd to them your preists peraduenture de- ^^ "'Jrt'g*"''"
fciued you by omitting J day cither in their Celebrations, or in ^ accout of howers. They "Wngt lu bc«
answeared me againe what doc you think it possible that all, especially wise men, & wel ex- ""'"''
pericnced could fal into so foule an Error ? it is a common case, to keep a ready account
of^dayes and monthcs, because many had with the bookes of the coputatio of howers, &
kiirwe very well what was davly to be accoQted. In the howers especially of the blessed
Virgin, to whom we prostrateti our selues eucry momct, desiring her protectid : in these, &

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376

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tlie/ift Decndt.

«tid v»rjr .
bit reason for
the lane of t
day.

in the commemoration of the deadf, many apent f vacant time. Direct your thouahts there-
fore another way : without all queatid wee lost a day. Theae remSber thia, othera other
thinn, & diuen diuera things, but all agree, that they had loat adav. I added moreouer :
my frienda, remember J yeere following after your departure (which waa 16S0) waa leapc
yeere, least peraduenture you were deceiued thereby. They affirmed, that they gaue Pigmean
February 29 dayes that yeere, and forgot not the leape yeere at J Kalendea of March. These
18 persons which remained, were altogether vnlearned: so they say all, one after another.
Being much disquieted and trobled wiih that care, I conferred with Gasper Contarinus (a
man not meanely instructed in all kinde of literature) who then was Embas^adour with the
^""^"''IroL Emperour for his famous commonwealth of Venice. Whereby wee know (discussinge the
- * matter with diuen arguments) that this strange report, neucr heard before, might very well
be, after this manner. This Castellae ship set sayle fro ^ Iliids of Gorgodes towards ^ West,
which way also the Sunne goeth. Thence it came to passe, that hauinge followed the Suiine,
they had euery day longer, according to the quantity of the way they made, wherefore
hauinge perfited the Circle, which the Sunne perfurmeth in ii. howers towards the West, it
cosumed & spent one whole day, therefore it had fewer dayes by one, then they who for
that space of time, kept one certaine place of aboade. But if the Portugall Flcete, which
sayletn towards the East, should returne againe vnto the Gorgodes, continuing their course
vnto the East, by this way and Nauigatio, now first foud k discouered to mortall men, no
man wold doubt seeing they shuld haue shorter dayes, hauing perfited ^ Circle, but that^f.
whole howres shuld rcmaine vnto the ouer Sc aboue, and so one whole day, wherefore they
should recken more by one: and so if either flcete, to witt, the Castellane and the Purtugall,
had set sayle the same day from the Gorgcxles, and the Castellane had sayled towardes thv
West, and the Portugalles had towanlcs the East, turningc stcrne to sterne, and had returncil
to the Gorgodes, by these diuers wayes, in the same space of time, and at f same moment,
if that day had bin Thursday to the Gorgodes, it. had bin Wednesday to the Castellanes, to
whom a whole day was consumed into lon;>er dayes. But to the Portugalles, to whom by
shorteninge of the dayes, one day remained ouer & ahoue the same day should be Friday
Let Philosophers more deeply discusse this matter, we yceld these reasons for the present.
We haue now spoaken sufliciently of tlie Parallel compassed, and of the Hards nourishinge
spices, and of a day lost, and of strange coiintryes. Now let vs at length come to the
.ntraires of Tcnustitan, which I will shortly t<uch in as few wurdes as I can n, berause I am
now grieuous, and troblesome to my selfe through so great a labour, by reason of failii)gc
old age in whose greedy talons your Ilolines left mc almost faintinge: which indeiiotireih
with speedy flight to thrust mc downe to that more greedy and deuouringe gulfe of hi^
crooked aged .Sister, as if I should more quietly walkc through the pathcs of this cloyoter.

The Eight Chapter.

OF the casting of our menn out of the Laky citty Tennstitan, or by what meanes, afifr
so great an oucrthrow through the ayde of the borderiiij'e enemyes of the Tenustitanrs
they began to gather strength againe, hath bin sufficiently spoaken : Let vs now therefore
at one cast passe ouer to j- neighbourhood of y lake omiitinge meane actions. In a ciiivol
8. thousande houses (but consi^tinge of vnmeasurable suburbes reaching; euen to the fake
18. leagues fro Tascalteca) called Tazcuco, Cortes with a mighty army settled his aboade
The Tazcucanc citizens tiught by the example of their neighbours, durst not «leny him,
least they shuld be made a praye. Cortes had left shippwri^htcs in Ta<raltcca, to make \ii.
Bergantines (as we meniiuned before) while he by warring, subdued the bordering cnr-
myes round about. As soone as hee first settled his army In Tasruco, he commaumird the
loyntes of J Bergantines to be bn)Ught, which were carried boorde by boorde, or pecce hv
peecc vpoi) the shoulders of f Tascaltec3s and Guazuzingi, neither did they vnwillingly mi-
dertnke ^' labour & paines, so cruell is their hatred against the Tcnustitans that they arcouni
all trauaile & paines whatsocuer delightfull, directed to the destruction of the Tenustitanes.
Behold a thinge not easy for the people of Rome to haue done, whe iheir estate most flo-

risheJ,

iSit.

C'ortf* ^etlfd in
Ta^ruc jagrcate
city.

riir TiK i!te.
c tilt k'arir the
lovnfel of (he
Ber^ iiitincs vp5
tt-eir shuulderi
ig fiuucj.

Jlie fift Dtcadt.

tluj^ft Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEIUES.

377

ritthed. From Ta*cuco to ^ lake runneth a imale riuer. each bancke where of ia fenced with

hous<>!4 xtandinge together on a rowe with orchardes lying betweene the. In the meane oca*

fiO while the ioyntcx of the Bergantinen were set together, and whilest the oares, and alt the

(latfgcs were makinge, he commanded a Trench to be cut frO Tascuco to the lake, for the AtKnthnina

flpace of 3. Italian miles and 4 fathom decpe Komewhere, most strongly fortified with their indm'abit"

bulwarkefl, which might rcccaue a Riucr, to carry the Bcrgantines to the lake and within the *'"'"•

space of 50. dayes with ROOO. continuall pioners of the menn of that prouince, he finished

the worke. But when both the Trenches were ended and the Bergantines framed, and set toge<

ther, he burned and destroyed many cittyes both on the lande and standinge vpon lakes,

whereby hee was molested when he fledd away : so that the Tenustitanes durst not now

f)eepe out, nor ioyne buttnyle with our menn \n open field. The IS. Bergantines beinge
junched in the lake by that admirable worke of cuttinge of a Trench, the Tenustitans sawe
their present ruine and destruction : yet forced by necessity they tooke courage. Vnder-
■itandinge of the comming of the Bergantines into the Lake, an huge multitude of boates
in an instiit of time, with armed warriours came Hpeedily rowing to the Bergantines, they
say, that in a trice, there were 5. thousand present, which also the citizens reported after the
victory obtained : the bnates comminge towardes them, by force of the ordinance planted
in the prowes, and sides of the Bcrgantines were dispersed cuen as little clouds by fierce A muiiiiud* of
windes. So wandring and rouing in the open Sea of the lake, they shrewdly molested and nap ihc Bcr^m-
vcxed the citty with the Bcrgantines. In a few dayes space Cortes tooke away from the |j"'^fj^^j'Jj
citty their fresh riuer waters, their conduits being torne asunder by Christopher Olit : and
that no prouision of victuall might be brought from any place to them that were bescigcd,
hec compassed the citty with three Armyes: with one from Tazcuro, by Astapalappa, which
he destroyed vttcrly, because it was more mighty then the rest, & at that time the nun-
cient scatc of Muieczumas brother. Cortes hiinselfc had the commnund thereof with more
then threescore thousand warriours, as they say : for many more then he desired botli for the
hope of booty, and liberty, came now flocking to him from all the prouinccs : so that Cortes
himselfe kept the bridge which came from Astapalappa to tlie Frincly citty, whereof men-
tion W2S made becfore. And fighting by little and little the enemy wirhdrawinge themseUies,
by stroiige hande, and by force of the ordinance, and the horse beefore and by the heipe
and fauor of the Brigantines on the sides, hee got the bridge as fur as the Castle, whereof The Bridge won.
wee speake in the meetinge of the Kinge Muteczuma, witii our menn, where wee described
that Castle to bee fortified with two townes, buttini;e vpon two bridges, which are ioyncd
vpon the arches thereof. In ^ place Cortes pitched his Campe, & by ^ meanes possessed
J entriice oi either bridge. On J contrary he commaiinded other capes to be pl.tced for de-
face of itother greate bridge on ^ North, ouer which he pane t!\e charge to Gonsalus San-
dotialiis, a soldier to execute lustice which the Spaniard called Alguazill. And ouer ^ third
army incamped on another side of the citty hec committed the charge to Petrus Aluaradus. Cort«hi»,Mr.
They say, that those 3. armyes consisted of one hundred & twenty thousand soldiers. So so'uidi«s«°o«»*
the miserable citty compassed on euery side with Knemycs, indured extreame want of all '''6'-
thin<res: and was no lesse wasted and consumed through the ambition of a fcwe (whose
greedy desire of soueraignty drcwe the vnhappy people to that n*.' -r'/ ) then it was nfTlicted
by the enemy. The people might easily haue bin perswaded to si>! iv< t their neckc vnto our
yoake, but that the kinges sisters sonne who vsurped the kingdon^ , and the pride of his
Nobles, withstoode it. For 70. dayes together both before and behinde it was continually
vexed & molested with incursions, and assaultes. Within the streets of the citty it selfe,
our men returning to the Campe toward the Kuening they write, that 500. and somtimes a
thousand were slaine, at euery inrounter: the more cruell the slaughter was so much tiie
more plentifully and daintily the Guazuzingi, Tascnitecanes, and the rest of the auxiliary
|irnuincialls, supped, who vsc to bury their enemies which fall in bntt.iile in their belly,
neither durst Cortes forbid it. They say, but fcwe of our menn, al waves were slaine.
Therefore both by the swoorde, & famine the greater part of the cittizens was ( onsumcd :
Our menn for the most part entering the citty fightinge, i'ounde heapcs of dcade men in the
VOL. V. '-i C streets.

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378

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

TheJifl Dccadf.

Mtrccia, who as they uyil, dyed with hunger and thint. They deatroyed many or those ex-
cellent building!* when they ihruot the EnemycM out. Cortes was once circumucntej and
surprised by the Enemy vppon one of the bridges, but was prescrued by a ccrlnine familiar
'^"""Tic''"' f^'nde of his, called Franciscus Olea, who brandishinge his sworde against the enemy cutt
li'itwcitwiui" of both his handcs at one blowe who pressed vpon his maister Cortes hauing taken him. But
* deal. lite, with ^ vuhnppy destiny of ^ Prcscruer who ( after he had giuC him his horse) was slainc.
At lengrh it was now reported to our mcnn, in what part tnc kinT had hidd hiniHclfr witii
his riiiiiiiiars, and Princes. Cortes vnderstanding the matter, with the Brignntiiics, scttcth
vpon a litlf fleete, of Boates discouercd by Spies (wherein the Kingc wandrcd in crrtainc
Thtkinj i»krn. siTret coriicrs of the lake) and tooke them all. The Kinge being now suhiect to the power
ioiV.T"'""" "f Cortes, touchinge the dagger wherewith Cortes was girded, saylh, behold the weapon,
whercwitit thou maist, and ()Ughte<4t to kill me, I haue done what laye in me, so that now
my life is become hatcfull & loathsome vnto me. Cortes comforted him, and sayde, he had
done that which became a couragious Kinge. But yet hec ledd him with him into the Con-
tinent, and deliuercd him to his menu to bee kept in safe custody. These thinges l)ciii<r
Tht III)' won clone, NO grcate a cilly vanquished, and the people thereof almost destroyed, hee sulxlued
°i'oniiii"ubj'i<"i f" those Nations to the Emperours lurisdiction. Two menn came vnto me, of them which
10 ihc Emptror. Spaiue calleth Fidalgi, who had not least to doe in all matters, both in searchingc out ih(>
secrets of the Prouinces, and also in all the coiWlicts, the one called Dierus Ordassiun, and
the other Beneuides: who sayd that Cortes (at his pleasure) created a King in Teniistitan,
who was of the blood royall and commanded him to seatc himsclfe there, to the intent that
ritiy beinge now desolate for want of resort might vnder the shadowe of a king be stored
with people againe, otherwise so huge a cittv had remained desolate without inhabitants. But
hrc himsclfe impatient of ease determined by Messengers to search out other strage coim-
trcyes. High mouniaines to the South laye within viewe, but what lay beyond them, hec
commaiindeth diligently to bee sought : and it was told him, that another Sea lay on the
South side of these mountaines, as 1 wrote in the Decades, of the South Sea discouered from
Darien, by Vasquez Nunnez. There are six Citlyes there whereof (they sav) the least i^
much greater then our Vallidolet that famous corporation : one whereof is called Teph, the
second Mechnaca, the third Guaxaca, the forth Fuesco, the fift Tequantepech, to the m\
they giue no name: and it is written in a particular letter out of the volum of the Afl'airsof
i IinVnmc'^ Tcnustilan, that they vnderstoode in the South Sea that those Hands ingendringe spices, i^old,
Lriiaynrciityri Si pfccious stonefl Were not farr distant from that shoare. But the cityes that lye in lakes,
and one the sides of lakes, are called by these names. Saltucar, Tenauica, Tenustitan, Sra-
puzaico, Tacuba, Capulazpech, Culuacan, of that name two, Guichilobusco, Suchimiiro,
Quitagua, Astapalappa, Mesechice, Coluacan, Tezucco. Of those two, Beneuides, lately
returned from his companions, one of the two ships set from Cortes. In them they
brinpe gifts sent from Cortes, which they say are much more precious and excellent,
the those which were carryed and brought From the Emperouni Maiesty, that yeero hee
went out of Spaine vnto the Bclgac, which your Holines sawe : they valew these riches
about two hundred thousand Ducates in estimation, but those shippes are not yet come
\nto vs. They stayd In the Ihmdes Cassiterides, called the Azores by the Portugalles
who are Lords thereof, least they should haue fallen into the hands of the French Py>
rates, as another did the yeere before, comminge from Ilispaniola and Cuba, with a
great masse of gold of seuenty two thousand Ducates, and six hundred waight of precious
pcarlcs of eight ounces to the poundp, & with 20U(). suger bushes (a briar is called of the
iipaniard arroua) of 'i'o. poud waight, of 6. ounces to the pounde. Besides many brought
many particular things : all which became a Pyrates pray. An armed fleete was sent to waft
those two safe fro the Azores. At the time that I wrote this they were not yet brought he-
ther. Those ships brought (.t* Beneuides saith) three Tygers brought vp of litlc ones
in scuerall caj;cs, or gntes, made of longe rafters, two in one of the shippes, and (he
third in the other: in that, where two were carryed, one of the cages was a little battered
and broken by the rowling and shaking of the shipp by tempestuous and foule wcatlier, so

^■t

Cortfi crfitrth
a king nnr i<t'(h<
hlnnd r.-yill 111
Tet)uftit«ii.

Thr South Ka.
6. cittyri.

I Tfph

a Mrrhnaca

3 (iuataca

4 1 unco

lying m lrfke».

200CO. duciTl
•tilt to tin king
uf b^.iiiir.

J Tjgerfc

1 ', i-

^^H,,

Thejlft Decade.

TRAFFiaUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

.370

f/ it made way for the Tyjjer to cr c out. The Tyger escaping by night rann nliout the ithip
with noe lt'.<"<e rnKO nnd i'urye. then iT nhee had nciier scene any man : shee runneth :ibout
rauinge eurry where & shookc & sciited vpon 7. men, from one ihec tare an armu, from
aiinihcr a legge, from others the Mhoulders, slewe twoe and leapping vppon one who floilo
from the mast of the Hhip, tihcc caught him : and being haire dead yet rescued by his co-
panionsi he perii^hrd not ' All they that were in the shippe ran vnio her with lauelincs,
swordcs nnd all kindc or weapons, and hauinge giuen her many woundes, they forced her
to Irape downe into the Sra, and slew her fellow in the cage, least the like mischaunce
hHuuIu befall them by her. The third which is in the other shipp, Beneuides saith, is brought.
Ill 5' thicke woods of these .Mountaines, great multitudes of Tygers, Lions, and other wild
beasts line. Being demanded with what footle they are maintained, he sayth they pray vpon
hartes, Robiickcs, decre, hares, and conyes, & many other milde creatures which line there.
Two men had the charge of those .ship|>es who were Captaines of the warres in those coun-
trvcs, to witt, Alfonsus Auila, nnd Antonius Quignonus: these men briiige the Kings part
giiicn him by the people, to be dcliuered vnto him : But lohannes Kibera hath the ciiarge
of Cortes his part, who was his .Secretary, & companion of all his labours from the begin-
inge : and by the decree of the Kings Counscll of India, the Emperour cufirnid ^ gouc-rn-
ment of Nona Ili«|>ania to Cortes, who gaue it that name. But Dieciis Velasquez is both *"" '^"""'"

n , A o^^ln I I • ■•1^111 "'"" "' Nuut

thrust out of the Cioucrnm(>t of Luna, & neerc there about, because it is decreed, that he iiiipinwuav
did not well in sendinge forces against Cortes, the Counsell of Ilispaniola forbiddinge the v"i!.'i!ilr..'dtl'''
same. Newes was lately brought, that fifieene of the shippes of the French I'yratcs were poirdfronnio'
scene wantlringc at Sen, vpon hope to gctt these shippes, as they tookc another: But {^.„|,"""'""°'
by foule and tempestuous weather, they were trasportcd into Aflrica, and must of them
drowned.

The Ninth Chapter.

I haue hetherto declared, what Cortes, what 5' fellow soldiers of Cortes, and ihc onTucrM
of the Kings Magistrates, the Treasurer, Auditor, and Distributor (whom the Spaiard cnliiMh
Factor) both writte while they remained, and also reported \nt(> ine by word of mouth re-
turning: Wherein I haue omitled many circumstances, least through the repetition of sinale
and triflinge matters, I should become tcdyous and contemptible : Let vs now nporl some-
what from Darien by the letters of Fetrus Arias Goiiernour of ^ supposed Continet, & by
his Eldest sonne Diecus Arias who returned fru his father, and then, many things lately vn-
dcrstoode concerning the affaires of Ilispaniola, and Cuba Fernandina: and this first. In
the supposed Continent 5. Colonyes are planted, vpon the North shoare of the country
Sancta Maria antiqua, which towne we call Darien : because that towne (as in the former Smti Miti.<
Decades I spoke at large ) is seated vpon the Banrk of the Riuer Darien : why they chose a place JJ^jJ"^"
there, & why they gaue the place that name which of Zemacus the King thereof was called
Zemacus, I then suiricictly declared. The second Colony called Ada is situated toward the West, acU.
and 30 leagues distant from Darien: 40. leagues fru Aclastandeth an house seated on the shoare,
to tl)e West, called Nomen Dei, of a Haueii thereof so called, by Colonus who first discoucred it. Nom«n Dei.
At the .South shoare are Panaman & Natan (accenting the last sillable,) their country names not Pinamm mi
being changed. The third is very broadc in some pl.ice, but checfely on y coast, where ^""'"
that great riucr Maragnonus runneth, whereof I haue spoaken at large in the i()rn\cr Decides
where shewing y causes why so great aboundance of waters could be ronioyned in one chan-
ncll, among other, I sayd, that country was very large from North to South, wliereby through
the great distance of place many riiiers might be ingcdred, which might fall into this one, AinraMt
1(1 he toueyed to J Northerne Ocean Sea. So (most holy father) it was foud y I had pro- |'j","',',"','
jihcsied. when y p.-is.sage was discoucred. Fro those Northerne «hoare«, famous for the fall cpniuKm,
111 Maragnoniw (where I saydc y Kings are called Chacones) y land is extended to ^ an-
tarcticke to ? straight beyond the .Equinoctiall, 54. degrees some deduct two whereof in the
discourse of the seeking out of the Hand of Spices I haue sufTicicntly spoaken. Neere vnto
that straight, winter shut vp that flcctc of 5. shippes, through ^ cxtrcmitv of cold, aIino«t

3 C 2 for

lif-v;

li V ',

380

VOYAOES. NAUIOATIONS,

F Mi'

. !

jiir-

■ illi; -^

ii'( „

j . II

mi-''^

*»',

5^ '.

TheJifl DtcaJt.

or ihc ciutliy
If Afmrnf ■ of
'rifcri in th«H
cuuniryfi.

for mir fliif unminer monrthw (o« wc haiir nirendy upoaken) when ^ Sun lirpartrd from Jht-m
vnto VM. Fmm ihi-niT ariwth ^ admiration of ^ prodigioui riiier Marof^nonuM. Ilnw tlirn
ilunild ^ land br vrry broade iherr, which rUwhere ia content with narrow Htrai^jhic* of
iandc }' but CHprriully fni I Coluny called Numen Dei, to the South nhoorc, and tlic llauen
Fanam.-i, arc 17. IcngurM distance, yet by vnpaMiable muuntainea, and inacccMible, by rca-
«on of ihc hiif(c roikcK, and exceeding thirke wooded, neuer meddled with in any n^c : no
thai thiHc drNert place* are the deimeii and habitation of I,eoparde«, Tyger*, Lyon«, llearen,
vV ApM of many «hape<t, &: other mc^nstem. WoundcrfHil thing* are reported of ihcw-'
wilde bcHtx. They nay jr the Tygcr'4 doe no more feare to meetc Traueller<«, then if ihcy
mriie with a little whelpc : If they flnde nny man wSdringe alone, there i* no remedy hut
hec imitt nceden be torne into a thousand peecea ond eaten. Therefore they chcifly beware
of TygerH, which by experience they (indc much more cruell then Lyon* : There are many
valleyen of moHt fruitfull land, and many Hides of tlioHe mountainc«, which remnine dcMcrt,
without any inhabitant, by reawcm of the Kauige and wild be.mt!*, which otherwiite wniild hr
A r)r>umitoiy replenished with store of people. But it U a pleaxant thinj; to bee reported, touchinj; dj.
"' ''"' ueni Apes, and dangeroui* aluo. By thone mountaincN through whuh I'clruH Aria>« now (Jo.

uernour, wriieth hee hath made a pawage, and dayly doth proccedc more and more, in
brenkin;{e the stones in the craggy rcick<i, and burning the thick wo<xis, the ringleaders of
the Apes, when they perceiued any of our troopes of men marchinge (for being but a few,
much lesse being alone durxt they allcmpt any such thing) assemblinge a common muliiiudr
of diuer* kindes, runne forth to mectc them and pursuinge our men which way socuer thi-y
march, with horrible outcryex, leaping from tree to tree, and deride them with a thouxand
scurrilities, & a thousand mockinge gestures, especially those that haue tayica : and often-
times make shrwc as if they would assnylc our men by troopes and companyes. But as sonnr
as thry arc come downe lo the body of the trees, and sec the arrows, & harquebuse siiot
(whiih they haue sometimes felt) ready tu be Iceuellcd & directed against the, they vnAc
back againe as swift as the winde to the toppes of the trees from thence vttering their ra-
uinge cuplaintes they gnash with their teeth in threatening manner. They say their dix-
ferity & agility is such, j" they know how to avoyde arrowes shot at their bodyes, & take
the in their had, as if they volutarily receiued the, being reached vnto th?. Yet they h.-iue
not so learned to shift h. avoyde the arquebusse shott, wherewith they slew mity, peraduenture
of the younger sort, who were not so skilfuil & cuning : But when they see any one of ihrir
copany fal headlong woiided, 8c take vp by our men froj groud they thuder Si fil J skyes with
such a violet, & horrible noyse ^ it exceedeth ^ roarings of a thousad Lions & as may Tygen,
But one thing is worthy the hearing : Euery Ape when they are nowe about to clime the trer*,
caryeth os many stones as shee can beare in one hande, and some in ber mouth, and thrre>
by fight with stones against such as passe by, whensoeuer our men cease shooting their
arrowes or shot, at them. A bowman of our men bent his Scorpion against an old Ape
with a long tayle, bigger then a Baboon, this Ape made as though she woulde waite for it,
but as soone as she sawe the nrrowe directed by shutting of one eye, casting downe a stone
vppon the archer, shee shrewdly bruised hi» face, and (as they say) brake his teeth out of
his head. But yet the Munkie was punished for her straunge stratagem, for at what tyme
tiie stone fell downe vpon the archer, the arrowe ascended vnto the Ape, and hauing slayne
her, they eate her for a daintie dish, for so great hunger oppressed them, that they hadde
eaten toads, or any other worse ineate. We haue spoken sufficiently of fourefooted beasts :
now let vs speake somewhat of them that are two footed: for that two footed nation, is
y^'^'^'J^'^JJI^'" almost like those fourfootcd beasts. There is a mightie and couragious king called Vrracus,
Kin|. in the borders of the Colonic of Natan towardes the South, whom Petrus Arias the Goucr-

nour could neuer pcrswade to intertayne amity and peace, and therefore prepared to master
him by warre. But this king trusting in his power and authoritie, is reported to haue
answered the Embas^adours proudly who came to treate concerning peace, and presumed,
armed after his mancr, by incursions lo inuadc the Colony of the Christians who inhabiie
Natan. For they haue many kindd of darts in those countries, wherewith they fight a farre

of.

Scorpion in in-
ptrunu 't of war
like I .'^lorppon
to ihoofc tm^U
iriowcj.

Ul.

ThtJifi DtcaJt.

ThtM DtcatU.

TIIAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIKS.

381

or, and broodc wooden nwnnlfi burnt in the firr, wherewith they incounter hand In hand.

They haue bowe« nlno, with the enden of their irrowea either of bone, or hardened in the

fyer. In thoM countrie* there ii4 great plentie of the Truile oF Cocciit, whereof I made Coccui,

mention before. Where e^pFriailv in the South coanf, the flowing Sea wanheth the broad

neighbouring playne«: of the which, they n«v, one i« ouerflowcd by the floud for the snacc

of two leaguex, and becometh dry againe with the ebhc. In tho*o places (they »ay) ihoMc a inn ihkt.

lrec« grow and increase of their ownc nature: and not elHwhere, vnlewte the yong and

lender plants be tran«i|iflrtcd thence. Some thinlce that the flowing of the Sea bring* the

«ed<» of thow trees thether frA vnknnwne countryr*, from other countrye^ of ihe Indies

where they naturally grnwe: they ray, ihey are brought to Ilinpaiiiola and Cuba an I *omc«

limeii Myd of the trce« which beare Caiwia I'itlula, and from the llandc* to ihe Continent,

vnlil they come to thoxc Soufherne parte<<. But in the llandeii by the wonderful purpone

and worke of nature, another tree groweth, ( whichc I know not yet whether it growe in

the Continent or no) which hath leaueit whereon a man may write, beHideii that tree where- J^,"","^,,

of I made mention in the Decade*. Thii* tree compared with that, difTereth much: which rmTimM

wrc will describe, when wee sh-ill Rpeake of those Ilandes Now let v.* returnc vnto the *"^'-

afTaires of the (Continent. From Panama a Colonic of the South Sea, they descended with

shippe* built in that Soa, so farre to the West, .is thry thought they hadde attained to the

backeside of luratnn. For argument and nronl'c thereof (iil. Gonzalus the Admirall of that

fleete, and his Consorles say, that tl»ey light on men apparelled after the same maner, with

holes pierced in their lips, wearing gouldcn or siluer iewclles about their neckcs, beset with

precious stones, such as those wen-, >sherof I made report in my 4 Decade to Pope Leo,

when mention was made of the nfT'aires of lucatan, and ol the presents which were brought.

They write, that on the right hando thry founde suche a furious and raging Sea, that they a furiou. an<i

sup|)ose thor»' was a narrowc strayght there beetweene the Continent, and lucatan, though "''"' '"'

not yrt discouercd : but durst not ha/anle ihemselues in such a raging sea, because the

shippes, by reason of the long space of lime they had Hayled along those shores, were halfe

rotten, and eaten through \sith wormrs. Mnuing repay red and amended their shyppes,

they promise to rcturne. In that voyage (iil. (ion^alus, and his Consortes tolde Petrus

Arias, that about an hundred leagues from the Colony of Panama, they found the Vast Sea

of a blacke r(dnur, in which fishes swim of the bignesse of Dolphines, melodiously singing The biick(Sn,

with sweet harmony, as is reported of the Syrencs, and after the same maner, inuiting to tiw syrenei.

sleepe. Ileere menne of meane spirit and conceit will wonder, and say it is a thing im*

possible. 1 will therefore discourse the matter a little with these men. Do we not read that

the Erythrean gulfe is red, from whence it halh the name of the red sea. Whether it be by

the nature of the water, or whether it happen by the reddc sandes, or reucrberation of the

red rockes on the shore, the Sea appeareth red : who therefore would make nature so dull,

to take away her power that shec could not ingender blacke sandes also, and blacke rocks,

which elsewhere might make the waters seeme blacke ? But concerning the singing and

melody, I my selfe also thinke it to bee a fable, albeit wise and discreete menne report it :

Jet notwithstanding in their excuse, is it not knowne that the Trytones are very shrill ? they
aiie beene sometimes hearde, and haue beene found dead cast vp vpon the shore, in the
West Spanish Ocean: & doth not a frogge croake vndcr water i* Why should it then be
wondered at, of other Vocall fishes also be founde, neiier heard of before? Let euery
manne beleeue as hee pleascth: I thinke nature able to doe great matters. All the ryuers
of the supposed Continent arc full of Crocodiles : in the liyuers they are hurtfull, and Cro«xiiie« Wre
dangerous, nut not on the I.ande, as those ol the Hiucr Niius are. They founde one deade
of two and fourlie feete long, and seucn foote bro.ide bctweenc the iawes. Petrus Arias
his Sonne being returned from his Father, sayth, that those trees are now found, of the
planckes and tymber whereof, if abyppes bee built, they might bee frecde from dnungcr of
those mischicuouM woormes which gnawe holes through them. lie sayth also that the wocxl
being brought into the kitchen, coulde scarce bee burned, by reason of the exceeding
moysture thereof. Now let vs coroe to the commcdilies. that landc bath many Gold

mines :

H-\

■i,;' *

»l

i-; » ,

i\ ' ' "

-^i'.K'

■ I mu

[r'M

! J*-

m k

!'{'•

'J.^

h' i

382

Cold mlnei.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

TheJift Decade.

Kn smal proof
«■♦' good land
by thij proul'e
of horses.

V.nryardcs.

Come.

A Iff tt'iich
vfildeth j>4rcli-

Vtllt.

i lie tr(e Yjc.ra

rri'fxl .if di-
IJPISV solid.

mines: but let Petrus Arias, and the rest pardon me, who haue gotten gold, by the sweato
or the poore miserable Inhabilauntes. That whiche by the assistaunce or your Holvnessc
hath beene often attempted, \* nowe established and decreede in our Senate of the Indian
affayres: to witte, that the Indians shouldc eucry where bee free, and applie themselues to
tillage of the ground, and Chriiitian disciplyne. But if any, through hope of obtaining
anie of our commodities voluntarily oflcr themselues they might lawfully haue them as
mercenaryca, & hired seruants. We haue suflicietly spoken of the Continent : now let vs
speake sumwhat of the Ilandeo. In Hispaniola nothing is changed. The Senate is the same,
from whiche all those tractes and countries receiue their Lawes. Whatsoeuer thingeg arc
sowed or planted there, increase daily more and more. There are great multitudes of
horses, owine, and heardes of cattell there. The like also is in the rest. A yong mare
colt conceiueth the tenth mon «h after shee is foaled, and hath scarce brought forth a colt
when she dcsireth and taketh the horse again. They Hue contented with their countrev bread
made of lucca, and Maizium ; wines arc brought home vnto them from Vandalia, although
they haue vineyardes in very many places : they say, they growe wonderfully ; and become
so ranke, that they spend their vigor and strength in the leaues and braunches, and little in
the rlui'ters, and die a fewe yeers after the planting. They say the same of corne, that it
groweth to the height of canes, with exceeding long eares, yet that the graynes vanish to
nothing, before they be rype, for the most part: and that there is more plentiful! store of
other thinges in those Hands, then elsewhere. Suger presses are euery yecre increased.
Now lette vs speake of the tree which yeeldeth parchment, which is very like a date tree,
the leaues whereof are so great, that euery one being spread vpo the head, may defed ihc
whole body of a man from a showre of raine, as if he cast a cloalh cloake vppon his bucko.
This is but a smal matter, lette vs speake of that which is admirable : those leaues which
( Icaue to the tree no otherwise then the Date doth to her tree, the leafe plucked vppc bv
the roolc, whereby it is ioyncd to the tree ( for the leafe you lay hohle on is easily takcii
from the tree by thrusting the poynt of a knife to the bottome of the staike) in the inner
rinde thereof containing the parchment, a little white skinne is found, like to the white of
nn Egge: whiche is pilled away, as the skinne is flayed from a sheepe new killed, and i^
taken whole from the barke. not much les.se than a sheepc.x, or a goates skin of
parchment: whiche all those people vse, as if they hadde gotten parchment itselfc: and
they say it is no lesse tough and strong. They cutle that parchment with sis.scrs, so muchc
oiicly as seructh for the present necessitie of writing. This tree is called Yngua : the fruite
thereof is lyke to an OlilFe, it fattelh swine, and is not so conuenient for menne. But
howe they vse the benefittc of the other leafe which may bee written vppon, diflcryng
from this thinne skinne, wee haue sufficiently spoken in his place. There is another free
whiche groweth in the cliftes of Rockes, and not in a falte soyle, and it is called Pytha-
haya, tiie fruite is sower mixed with sweet, as wee see in the Soure sweete AH'rican apple,
called Pomegranate: the fruite thereof is as biggc as an Oringe, of a red colour within,
.nr.d without. But the fruite of the Tree called Mamcia, in the Ilandes is no bygger then
:i small Melon, but in the Continent, not nuirh lesse the a great one. This rriiiie
nourishelh three small creatures somewhat greater then a nutte, for preseruation onelv d'
ftieir kind. Nowe let me sptake a little of the Pepper of the Ilandes, and of the Continent,
ihoy haue woodcs full (if Iruites whiche f)ring forth Pepper, I call it pepper, although it
he no pepper, Ijcrause it liaih the strength and Aromaticall fast and sauour of pepper, \wx
is that nrainc lesse cMecmcd then |)epper. they call it Axi, accenting J' last sillable, & it
e.xtcedcth the height of Poppey. Grains or berries of them are gathered like those of
lunipcr, or firrc tree, btit not altogether so great: there are two sortes of that araynr,
sdme .s:iy tiiie : one of them is halfe as long ag.tine as the length of a mans finger, it is
sharper, and biteth more then pepper, the other is rounde, no greater then pepper. Hut
this consisteili uf a tiiinne skinne, and ccrtayne substantiall, and animall partes, which
tiiree, hniic a hotie kiudc of HJiurpenesse and biting. The thirde is not biting, yet aromati-
call, which if we vsed, v\e sliuuld not ne^de Caucasean pepper: that which is sweete, and

pleasant

Tliefift Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

S8S

f(. li

pleasant they call Boniatlim, the thinne sort they call Caribe, because it is sharpc and Boniitum.
strong, and from thence they call the Canibales Caribes, because they confesse tliem to be ^"'^''
strong, and cruel. There is another kinde in these Ilandes, the di.»ve whereof being .
touched, a manne is infected as if he had taken joysnn. If any man wilh fixed eye
beholde that tree, he looscth the sight of his eyes, and presently swelleth like one that jl^,'',"'^/,',';^'*"
hath the dropsie. There are two otiier trees the woods and leaues whereof being set on biimi«h ii.f
fire, kill onely with the fume, if the woode of any one of them beeing but a little kindled, o]',""";^^,^
be caryed about the house or lodging. It is an others poyson, if any sucke in, the fumci'pomsofthf
of the leafe by the nastrils. A certayne priest told inee of a cruell and mischieuous act, ^'''*'."" ,
who sixe times saylcd from the Continent to Cuba and Hispaniola, that long voyage by sea, ut b"^"ov"
going three times, and returning as often, his name was Benedictus Martinez a man of "■<>''"""
good sort. This was he, -who first came to Barchiuona to make report of lucatan, and the
rest of those bordering countryes. He sayth that a certayne man called Madronus a citizen
of the towne of Albazet in the Country Spartaria, haddc by an auncient custome, a cer-
tayne King with his subiects at his commande, vnder his subicction to digge goldc out of
the Mines, in a place called S. lames: in short time, that mine of gold was found by chance.
This king with his Miners, gathered for his Temporary Maister 9000. Castelianes of gold.
Now it was decrcede in our Kings Senate, that some largesse, of our commodities, shoulde
bee giuen to eueric one departing from their labour, to witte, a cappc, a stomacher, or a
shirt, a cassocke, or a glasso, or such lyke. The king supposed hee should haue had some
fatte larges from his maister, because that in so short a time he hadde foundc so great a
Masse of Golde. Madronus dealt more strictly " ith him then he ought : whereupon the
King conceiued such displcisure, and anger, I'lat calling those Miners into an house, to
the number of ninty fiue, he thus debateth wilh them. My worthy companions & friends
why desire wee to line any longer vnder so cruell seruitudc? lette vs nowc goe vnto the
perpetuall seate of our Aiinccstors : for we shall there haue rest from these intollerablc
cares and grieuaunccs which we indure vnder the subiection of the vnthankful. Go yee
before, I will presently followe you. Hauing spoken this, he helde whole handfuUes of
those leaues which depriue life, prepared for the purpose: and giueth euery one part
thereof beeing kindled, to sucke vp the fume : who obeyed his command. The King; and
a chiefe kinsman of his, a wise and prudent man, reserucd the last place for thcmselues, to
take the fume. The whole paucment of the Hall was now couered with dead carkases : so
that an eager confiict arose bctweene those two that were lining, whether of them should
kill himselfe first. The king vehemently vrged that his com])anion should first dispatch
himselfe ; but his companion saith he wil follow him, but not goe before. At Icgth the
king made riddance of himselfe first. His copanion through the loue of swecte life,
deriding the king, and those other foolcs, refused to follow, & comming out from thence,
reported to our men what had happened. Hee further sayth, that much about that tymc,
another more horrible accident fell out in the Prouince called the Princes prouince, one of
the city captains called Olandus had a Ctdicnsian mayden the daughter of a king: the ^^"'^^'''j'""'*
captaync suspecting (though she were with childe by him) that she dealt abroad, fastened actTi'u'i'aiir
her to two woodden spits, not to kill her, but to terrific her, and set her to the fire, and""'"'
commaunded her to bee turned by the oflicers : the mayden stricken with feare through the
iruclty thereof, and strange kinde of torment, gaue vp the ghost. The king her father
viulcPitanding the matter, tookc thirtie of his men with him, and went to the house of the
Captayne who was then absent, and slewe his wife whom he had inarycd after that wicked
act committed, and the women who were companions of the wife, and her scruants euery
one: then shutting tiie dore of the house, and putting fire vnder it, he burnt himselle,
and all his companions that assisted him, together with the Captayncs dcadc faniiiv, and
giHxIs. Hee reporteth also a fearcfull story of another mnydc. This ni:\yde beini>; dcliowrod
of a Spanish Mulettor, went home, and declared what had happenc. and told her parcnl-!
that she would therefore kil her selfe, it booted not to comfort her. She tookc tlic iuicc of
lucca, which if it be taken rawc, is poyson, if boyled, is vsed fur miike: the force of y

poViO

n.'i

t ''■(■'

/vl4

ti ■ I

|\^

a:^.

^!1

^1 I 'I

WUM

384 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, TheJifi Decade.

poysS was not such, that it would kil her: yet notwithstanding she resolued to ende her
lyfe, by any meaner whatsoeuer. The next day, ghee sayd shee would goe wash her seirc
at a ryuer neere adioyning : for it is the manner with them to wash themselues twice euery
day: shce founde a cruell way of reuenge for her sclfe: shee bent downe a little tree
standing by the ryuers side, and broake it to the height of her heade, and sharpened the
poynt of the tree as well as she could. Then getting vppe into a greater tree neere vnto
it, shee thrust the poynt of the tree into her selfe, where shee was deflowred. and
Mrd« niun remayned spytted, euen as a kidde to bee roasted at the kitchen fire. Another mayde also,
hJrdJJr/Xg a fewe dayes after, determined to finish the miseryes of her lyfe, who brought as a com-
Apt. in hcu. panion with her, the maid ser.!ant of this Priest, of like yeeres to her selfe, and easilie
perswaded her, that by her example, shee woulde goe with her vnto their auncesters,
where they shoulde leade a quiet and peaceable life: binding therefore the girdle:*, wher-
with they were girt, to the boughes of a tree, & fastening them with a knot about their
necks, they cast theselues down from the tree, Sc so by hanging themselues, they obtayncd
their desires. They report many thinges of such like matters. I determine therefore to
vphold this last leafe with a giant-like discourse, to backe and defende these reporte<), like
that fearcfull supporting Athlas. Diecus Ordacius, of whom I made mention before,
diligently viewed many secrete and solitary places of those Countries, and appeased their
Kingcs: especially the King of that Prouince, where the Money tree growefh, where he
learned howe that Nfoney tree was planted, and nourished, as I haue declared in his place.
This Diecus Ordacius founde a peece of the thygh bone of a Giant ( in the vault of a
Church) broken of, and halfe consumed through long continuance of time: whichc thiuh
bone, the Licentiate Aiglionus, a Lawyer, & one of the Counscll of Hispaniola broucht
to the citie Victoria, not long after your llolinessc departed thence towarclcs Rome, I
hadde it at home for certayne dayes : it was fiue spanncs long, from the buckle bone vnto
the knee, and the proportion aunswered the length. After this, they that were sent bv
Cortes to the Montanous Countries of the South, reported that they hadde found "j
Country inhabited with these men, and for proofc thereof, they are sayd to haue brought
manie of the ribbes of those deadc men. Concerning other occurrents, which happen
among vs, your Holinesse is often aduertiscd bv those that are neere about the Ernprmur,
and therefore none of those matters are to bee required of me, whiche disquiet the
afflicted mindes of Christian Princes intangled in mutuall secret hatred, and displeasure, to
the benefit of the Mahumetancs, and losse, & hindorancc of our Religion. Nowe there-
fore I bid your Holines farewell, before whose feete prostrating my sclfe, I dedicate my
most humble, and deuotcd scniice.

The tenth Chapter.

V.Vcn as the hr.ids of Hydn smitten of are seucn times doubled, so vnto me deliuerinffonr
discourse, many other arise. I thought I shoulde nowe at len<;th haue concluded the affayres of
Tcnustifaa: wIkmi behold lIirou;^h new tiding* comming suddenly, & vnexpected, I am com-
pelled to enter into the discourse thereof againe. In one of the %. shippes which brought the
Presents from the Cassitcridcs, one of the familiar friendes of Cortes ( neere about him) r.illed
lohannes Rihera, is returned: the other shippe, for feare of the French Pyrates, expertin;;
(ithcr subsidiary shippes to conduct her, with the Trc.isure, whereof, besides the fift due tn
the Kinges Hxclicquer, Cortes willingly giueth a parte of the riches gotten by his owne la-
hour, and industry : another part also the rest of his chiefe companions in Armcs bestowed
This Hibera bringeth in charge with him, to present the giftes, assigned by Cortex, tn the
Emprrotir, in his niaisters name, for the rest, those two, who (as I said before, remained in
the Cassitcridcs, with the ships) should oft'er their presenter. This Ribera is skilfull in the
Tcnusfitan language, and nothing was done all the time of the warres, at the which heewai
not present, alwayes at his maisters side: who was sent from his maister, many daiesafterfhr
departure of his companions: from him therefore we may haue a most cleare and apparent
reaso of all thinges. Being first demanded of the Originall of the city Tenustitan, and defini-
tion

.A country
inh.ihitrii with
Giant!,

fhefft Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

S85

tion of the name then of the mine and destruction, and of the present state thereof, and with
what forces Cortes maintayned and defended the same» & of many such like things besides: hee
saith the citie was built in the middle of a salte lake, vpon a rocke found there (as we read of T,n««iun
that most famous citie of Venice, seated on a plat of ground appearing in that parte of the ^^"V"'"
Adriaticke Gulfe) to secure themselues from the incuntius of the enemy: but the name thereof """"
is deriued from S. short words. That which seemeth diuine, they call Teu, fruite, they call Nu-
cil, and Titan, they call a thing seated in the water, from whence commeth the name of Tenus- An ««»««
titan, that is to say, a diuinri fruit seated in the water : for vpon that rocke they founde a natu- ui" woidc" "^
rail tree laden with pleasant fruit (fit to be eaten ) greater then our country apples, which Tenuuiun.
yeelded desired foode to the first inuentors : wherupon in token of thankfulnesse, they beare
that tree imbroydered in their Standard, it is like a Mulbery tree, but hath leaucsmuch green- y^,^],,),;,,^,,
er. The Tascaltecans also in their Colours, haue 3. hads ioyned together, kneading of a Cake, on ascainc* *
for they vaunt that they haue more fruitful fields of corne, then the rest of the borderers, & 'Jj^.j.*'''"''
from thece the city hath her name: for Tescal is a cake of bread in their language, and Teca,
is a Lady, and therefore she is called the Lady of breade. The same also is reported of the ^jj!"'''?'^
inhabitantes of the Mountayne which we call Vulcanus, whiche casteth out smoake. For in amongft" ihT"'
their warlike Auncienta, they beare a smoaking Mountayne, and call the Mountayne itselfe "")j.Y,j'h',J'^
Popocatepech, because Popoca is Smoake, and Tepech, signifieth a Mountayne. A litle dis- ^'MountMne
tant, on the East, standeth another Mountayne neere vnto this, couered all the yeere with coucred.i the
Snowe, there are also other Mountaynes laden with Snowe, by reason of the height thereof. Jn"^""''
Another hill also full of Conies is called Cachutepech, because Cachu is a Conie, and there-
fore it is called the Mountayne of Conies. The house of their Religion they call Teucale, of Tcunic:
Teu, which signifieth God, and Cale, an house. So they define all their matters from the °"^* '*'""*■
eflTect: but wee shall more curiously search into these thingea hereafter. He further sayde, that
the citie for the moste parte, was ruined and destroyed with fyre, and sworde, and that but fewe
of the chiefe menne, retnayned alyue. In some places hee sayde it remayned whole, and in-
tyre, where anie secrete streete or rowe of houses was free from the furious conflictes, and
that the three chiefe Pallaces were woonderfully repayred and amended, the chiefe whereof
beeing the house of Muteczuma, all menne report to bee so great, that no manne after hee °d'!mS""f
rntred into it, was able to find the way out agayne, without a guide, borne, and brought vppe Mui«iuin» Us
there, as wee reade of the wyndinges, and turnynges, of that fabulous Labirinth of Minos : *""""'"
in this house, Cortes sayeth hee purposeth to Seate himselfe, and therefore intended first to
repayre it. And this manne reporteth, that there are houses of pleasure, built within the
Cittie, and in the water itselfe, with pleaaaunt and delyghtful greene plattes of grounde, and
not in the Continent as others sayde, where dyuers kindes of fourcfooted wilde Beastes, and
sundry sorts of foules are inclosed, as I mentioned beefore. Hee reporteth manie thynges
of the Roaryng of Lyons, and of the querulous yellyng, and howling of Tygers, Beares, and
Woolues, when they were burnt with their houses, and of the myserable spoylc of all those
thynp;e)t. It will bee long ere those houses bee repayred, and newe builte, for they were
all of stone from the Foundation, with Turrettes rounde about them, adorned and beautified in
manner of a Castle: for xeldome doe the Conquerours repayre the mines of defaced townes,
who rather sacke twenfye stately Cities, and fortified Castles, then erect one particular house,
e<i|)ecially, where newe conquests call them away, and the greedy desire of inlarging their
dominion hasteneth them to inuade other Prouinces. But the common houses themselues as
hygh as a maiines Girdle, were also built of stone, by reason of the swellyng of the Lake
through the floode, or washing flote of the Ryuers fallyng into it. Vppon those greate Foun-
dations they builde the rest of the house, with Bricke burned, or dryed in the Sunne, inter-
mingled with Bcames of Tymber: and the Common houses haue but one Floore, or Planchin.
They seldome make their aboade, or lodge vppon the Grounde, least the dampe thereof through
excessiue moysture might indanger their desired health. They couer the Roofc of their houses,
not with Tyles, but with a certayne kinde of clammie earth, or Claie: for that way or manner
ofcoueringe is more apt to receiue the Sunne, yet is it supposed to bee consumed in a short-
er tyme. But howe they drawe those huge Bcames, and Rafters, whiche they vse in building
Vol. v. 3D of

|il''f,t'':|

^^m

m. [

%\'i'

h^^

iiL ■ •

'11 i!

386

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tliejlft Decada.

The Citron or
Limon trte an
rnemie to
wormcs.

KoiKi iinii ca-
blet mide of
certayiic
kfarbes.
The vie of
wheeles want*
jni here.

Beamri of tjrm.
ber of a huge
length And
bigsenu.

or their Housed, considering they haue neyther Oxen, Asses, nor Horses, nor any other beast
of burthen, (as heereaftcr shall bee spoken) wee will nowc declare. The sides of those high
Mountaynes are beset with goodly spreading Citron or Lymon Trees, with the which the Vo-
luptiious Romaynes, (after they fell from Contynencie to Ryot) made Tables, bcdde-steedes"
and other Vtensils, for ornamcnte and furniture of houses: because the Citron Tree perpetu-
ally preserueth whasoeuer is boordcd with it, from Woormes, and Putrifaction, (as the aun-
cient writers report of the Cedar) and the boordes of that Tree are naturally Flouryshed with
dyuers coloures: immitating the curious art of some ingenious Artist, and the places where
Pyne Trees growe are neere adioyning to those flourishing Cytron Trees in all the spacious
Coppet hicheti. Woodes. With their Copper Hatchets, and Axes cunnyngly tempered, they fell those trees
and hewe them smooth, taking away the chyppes, that they may more easily be drawne. Tjiey
haue also ccrtavne hearbes, with the which, in steed of broonic, & hempe, they make ropes,
cordes, and cables: and boaring a hole in one of the edges of the beame, they fasten the rope,'
then sette their slaues vnto it, like yoakes of oxen, and lastly in stcede of wheels, putting roud
blocks vnder the timber, whether it be to be drawn steepe vp, or directly downe the hill, the mat-
ter is performed by the neckes of the slaues, the Carpenters onely directing the carriage. After
the same manner also, they get all kind of matter fittc for building, and other things apt for
the vse of maniie, seeing they haue neither oxen, nor asses, or any other fourfooted bcaM of
burden. Incredible thinges are reported of those beames of tymber, nor durst I repcate
them, except mennc of great authoritie, and that many, had testified, and aflirmed vnto vs
assembled in our Senate, that they had measured many: & that in the citie Tascuco, theysawe
one of a hundred and twentie foote long, eight square, bigger then a great Oxe, which sup-
ported almost the whole Pallace, theyaffirme that they beheld it, & no man gaine-sayeth it:
hence we may gather, howe great the industry of these men is. But concerning the money
called Cacaus, and of the strength of Cortes to sustaine so great an Empire, he sayih that the
money is not chaunged, nor that it is expedient that it shouldc be altered. And he declarcth,
that the strength of Cortes consisteth in 40. peeces of ordinance, iJOO. horse, & 1300. foote, of
the which he hath 250. alwaycs in a readinesse to man the Brigantines, beating vp and downe
the lake day, and night, with their appoynted Commaundcr. Others heipe hee vseth in rangin;;
new countries : many haue throughly searched the middle of the Mountaynes from the plavnc
of Tenustitan vnto the South: and from the East vnto the West they (inde them verie farrc ex-
tended. They who attempted the discouery say, they trauayled fiflie leagues : and that thcv
were well stored with victualles, and delightfull, and famous for many excellent cities. Fnim
those Mountaynes, and diucrs Riuers running through the playne of Tenustitan, this Ioh.inncs
Riben, in token of the riches of the soile, bringeth many sorts of gold, as big as a lentil, or
tlie pulse of pease, & diuers pearls fro the South part; but they were such ns were foundc with
Mufcczuma, and his gallant and delicate Nobles, or other cncmycs among the spoyles ofwarre.
When I iiad this Ribera at home with mee, the Reuerend Secretary Caracciolus, Legate to your
Holinesse, with Caspar Contarinus the Venetian Emba.ssadour, and Thomas Mainus a yong man,
the nephew of great lason Mainus, Embassadour for the Duke of Millane, (lesin)U8 to lieare,
and see straungc things came vnto mc. They wondered not at the great plenty of goldc, mr
tliat it was so pure of his owne nature (for it is so pure, that golden Ducates might bee covn-
ed thereof, without refining it) but they first wondred at the • 'imberand forme of the vessels
filled with golde, which from diuers Nations contained diucr^ >ortes, sent for Tribute: & f(,r
jiniofe that that gold was gathered with them, cuery vessell or little cane had the scuenill niarkes
of their country printed in them with an hotfe Iron: and euery one of them consisted of eyj;ht
nine or tenne drammesweight of gold. That being shewed vnfovs, declarelh, what kinde of golde
properly belongeth to one manne, of those who were partakers of those thinges : For Ribera
himselfe is maister of all that, whichc heeshewed:but, that which is brought in the shy ppe which
staicth, is an huge mas.se, to bee presented to the Emperour: the summe of the golde whiche is
moulten and brought into wedges, and bnrres, ainounteth to 32000. Ducates: and that which
may be made of ringcs, lewclls, shicldes, helmetles, and other Ihynges.amounteth to the summe
of an hundred and iiftic thousand ducates more, as he saith: but I know not what flying report

there

With hnwe
great a power
Cortes uuvri-
taineth a t;teat
£mpin.

Peailcs.

Tlie piitltie of
tlic I'.'Idr .>f
thcK l^arta.

A hu^e niaue
of goliie fur the
Einperor.

if .1.:

Thtjift Decade.

The fft Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

387

there is, that the French Pirrfs haue vnderstoode of those ships, God sende them good muc-
cesse. Let vh nowc come to the particulars of this Ribera, which are but smal shaddowes, and
proportions of the thynges which are to bee brought. Hce Hhewed vs Pearles, (no worse then Vtn\t%,
thoiie which humane ett'eininacie callethOrientall) whereof many exceede a very great filberd,
but for the most parte not very white, beecause they take them out of roasted Shelle fishe,
ingendring pearles: yet wee sawe some cleare, and of a good lustre. But this is but a small
matter. It was a delightful! thing to beeholde the variety of Icwelles, and Rynges: there is i»<i'-
no fourefooted beast, no foule, no fyshe, which their Artificers haue once scene, but they are
able to drawe, and cutte in mcttall the likenesse and proportion thereof, euen to the lyfe.
We seemed to behoulde lining countenances, and wondered at their vessels, eareringes, chains,
bracelettes, and ail of golde, wherein the curious workemanship and labour exceeded the mat-
ter and mettall, as also their crestes, plumes, targettes, and helmettes, artificially wrought
with smale prickes and pouncing so drawne out in length, that with the smalnes e thereof, de-
ceiued the very sight of the Eye : wee were muche delighted with the beautie of two glasses
especially, the one was garnished and edged about, with an halfe globe of golde, the circum-
ference and compasse thereof was a spanne broade : the other was sette in greene woode, not
«o bigge altogether. This Kibera say th, that there is such a Quarrie of stons in those Countryes, a Quirrie of
that excellent glasses may bee made thereof by smoothing and polishing them, so that wee all nonci!""'
confessed that none of ours did better shewe the natiirall and liuely face of a manne. Wee sawe
a Visardcvcry excellently well made, set in a table on the inside, and aboue vpon that, inlayed a viuide.
with very small stones, so fastened together, that the nales coulde not enter them, and the
cleerest eye woulde thinke them to bee one entire stone, made of the same matter, whereof
wee sayde the glasse was composed: it hadde also golden eares, and 2. greene circles of Em-
rodes oiierthwart the face thereof, from either side of the heade, and as many yellow, with
bone teeth, shewing thcmscliie^ halfe out of the mouth, whereof two of the innermost checke
teeth hanging downe from either iawe, were pulte forth without the lyppes: those Visardes
they selte before their Idolles face, when their Prince is sicke, and take them not away before
hee either escape and recoucr, or els die. After this, hee brought foorth diners garmentcs out OtuMwi.
of a very great chest: they haue three kindcs of matter or stutfe, whereof they make al gar-
ments, the first is of Cotton, the next, of the feathers of foule and the thirde, they compact of
Conie* haire: and they set those feathers in such order bctwecne the Cony haire, & intermingle
them betweene the thridde-i of tlie Cotton, and weaue them in such diflBrulty, that we doe not
well vndersfand how they might do it. Of cotton there is no wonder : for they weaue their
cotton cloth, as wc weaue, or begin our webs, of linnen, woollen, or silke. Concerning
the shape and fashion of their garments it is ridirulous to boholdc: they call it a garment,
because they coutr themselues therewith, but it hath no resemblance with any other garment,
of any fashion: it is unt-ly a square couering like vnto th;it, which your Hoiines cast on your
Nhoulders, somtimes in my prest-nce, when you were about to kembe your hcade, to preserue
your garments, least haire, or any other filth should fal vpon the. That couering ihev cast
about their necke, and then knitting 2. of the foure corners vnder their throate, thiv letfe the
couering hange downe, whic he scarse roucreth the bodic as lowe as the ieggcs. Haiiing scene
these garments I ceased lo wonder, tliat so great a number of garnienfes was sent to Cortes,
as wc mentioned before: for thry are of small moment, and many of them lake \ ppc but litle
roome. They haue also sloppes or breeches, whereat (for clegancie & ornament) cenavn '^''^rr^'""
toyes of feathers of diuers colours hange; from the knee downcward thcv goe bare. Many vsc^
breeches for the most parte of feathers, they mingle feathers and Conies haire most curiously
together in the cotton thriddes in all tiiinges, and of them they make their winter garments,
and couerlets or blankets for the night. For the rest, they are naked, and vnlcsse it be ex-
treame cold, they alwayes put out one of their armes. Therfore tliey arc al soniwhat swarlt,
k brown coloured: but the country (although they sometimes feele the cold) necessariiv can-
rot be much troubled with cold, seeing they say that jjiaine is distant from the North I'olo
from 19. Degrees onely vnto 22. but I marked one thing described in the Mappcs wlicreof he
hath brought many. On the North, the Mountains in some places are distant one from another,
most fruitcfuU vallcycs diuidifig them, bctwecne the narrow passages whercul, the xiclcnre

.i I) 2 of

bircchrj.

11. '^''

■•■i;

idliH,

I ' K

I ■ I i

. i Fit' V

ihi .ii

■^ih''

t ;•

if ^! iiii ' .«•

'li!'

388

He Jigrcncth

to taiisHc tome
duubtt.

A dfccipt of
the B^ibaiiani.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The^ft Decade.

He 'rfmrs to
fir miiDstratr that
3 great pirt "f
the WdrlJ ii ytt
TndiscuucrciJ.

of the Northeme windes is very strong, and boyntrous in that playne, and thererore that side of
the citty Tenustitan whiche Inoketh towardes the North, is fortified with rampires of huge
•tones, and tymber fastened in the groiinde, to defend the citie from the violence ofwhirle-
windes. Isawe the like inuention at Venice, to sustayne the fiirie of the Adriaticke Sea, leaste
it shoulde shake the houses, the Venetians call that pile of woode, the shore, commonly El Lio.
Contrarily, on the Southe side all the Mountftynes loyne one vppon another, so high, ihat the
South windes haue no power to blowe through that playne, to glue them heate: but the North
windes come from the skie, and from on high doe morebeaie vpon them then the South winds
because they ascend from the bottome to the toppe, and the playne itselfe hath perpetuall
snowie Mountaynes, and burning Mountaynes not farre from it. V/ee sawe a Mappe of those
countreyes 30. foote long, and little lessein breadth, made of white cotton, wouen : whprein
the whole playne was at large described, with the Prouinccs, aswell friendes, as enemyes to
Muteczuma. The huge Mount.iyncs compassing the playne on euery side, and the South
coastes also butting vppon the shore are ther, together described, from whose Inhabitantes,
they say, they had heardc, that certaine Ilandes were neere vnto those shores, where (a.swee
sayde before) the Spyres grew, and great plentie of gold and precious stones were ingendred.
Here (most holy Father) I must make a little digre^^sion. When this poynt was reade amongst
vs, many distorted the nose, and thought that fabulous which the letters reported of a doubt,
full thing to come as it happeneth in manie thynges, which are deliuered by report of the
Barbarians, while they come to bee openly knowne: and surely they doubted not without
good cause, by the example of three thinges, whiche happened in our supposed Continent
not agreeing with the first propositions, whereof I made mention in the former Decades,
yet leaning them alwayes doubtfull. I haue heretofore said that the Spanyardes were
accused by one of the sonnes of King Comogrus, chiefe of seuen, because they esteemed
golde so muche, whereof he offered to shew them sufficient plentie, so they would pro-
cure some forces of armed menne, by whose conduct they might boldly passe ouer the
Mountaynes he shewed them, possessed by warlike kinges, couragious, and stout defend-
ers of their owne right: beecause those sides of those Mountaynes, which looke towardes
the South, had another Sea, at the Antarticke, and the inhabitantes of those sides were very
rich: they passed those Mountaynes, to consider throughly of the South Sea: and knew the
substance and wealth of those Kings to be farre inferiour to that which fame reported :
the like also they vnderstoode of the ryucr Dabaiba, wherof I haue largely and suf-
ficiently discoursed before. Which two thinges declared to the Catholike Kinge incited him
to send Pctrus Arias with I2(K). soldiera to be slaughtered. For they are almost all deade,
with out any great benefit, as I haue elsewhere sulliciently declared. The third thing per-
swadingo them to giue les>ie credit to ^ which is reported, is this, nor is it repugnant to rea-
son. It is now manifestly known through long experience, jr all the inhabitantes of those
Countries, to ^ intent to driue our men away from their borders diligently inquire what they
desire: & whe they vnderstoode they desire gold, or victualls, they shewe vnto the by signcs,
places y are farther distant from them, & tell the with admiration, that they shall finde much
more abundance of the things they seeke with certaine Kinges which they name, then with
them. But when they went to the appointed Kinges they vnderstood they had bin deceiued.
Not with out cause therefore, they iudg that the like also may happen concerninge those
tliinges which are reported from farr Country es. But I, imbracing this Casualty, in fauour
to so great a mann, scemc to my sclfc to haue found out probable, and persuasiue rcisonsi. I
disputed these things in the Senate of Indian affaires, in presence of the great Chanccior
Mercurius a Gattinera, the cheife Comendator Fernandus Vega, Doctor, Lord dcia Kochia
Belga, a mann gratious with the F.mperour Philip])e9 great Chancelers sonne & the great
treasurer. Licentiate Vargas, admitted after the departure of your Holincs. I should blush
to recken this thingc amonge the difficult or miraculous things of Nature. The Mahicca
Hands ingendring spices, are partly vnder the i^quinoctiall as I mentioned before: and these
Countries if we consider the whole world occupy but a very smale space. Seeing then the
acquinociiall circle compasseth the whole world, who will denye, but that elsewhere as well

I' ■ ■

Thejift Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

389

u there, other cotintryea may bee foiinde of the same milde temper of the Ayre, which the
powerrull influence of the Sunne may inspire with that arnmaticall vigor, and yet the Diuinc
Prouidence would haue them vnknown vntill our times : as wee see so great a vastity of the
Ocean and earthly Countryes to haue bin helherto concealed ? for those Southeme shoares of
Tenustitan, are scarse 12. degrees distant from the i^quinoctiall. What woonder then, if ax
tlie rest which were drowned before, we now see them discouered } and this falleth out for
the increase of our Emperours felicity, the disciple of your Holines. I would the same
should be spoake to such as resolue only to beleeue those things, which they may attaine by
the power of their owne witt, and that, in your Ilolines name, who haue allwayes bin a pru-
dent searcher, of not onely the secrets of Nature ingendringe all thinges, but also of such
as bee diuine. Besides that which hath bin already spoaken I am moued with another argu-
ment. Cortes, who performed so great matters, would not in my iudgemet, be so voyd of
reaso, ^ at his owne charge he wold blindfold vndertake so great a matter in the South Sea,
as wee knowe hee imbraced, in the building of 4. shippcs to search out those ccutryes,vnle9
he had vnderstoode some certainty, or likelyhod nt the least. We haue now spoaken suffi-
ciently of these thinges let vs therefore returne to Ribera his familiar friend. In those Moun- He rnuimi ea
taines by report of the Inhabitants, he saith, there are wild men, rough as hairy beares, con- ^']^"e „««.
tentinge themselucs with montanous caucs, or the naturall fruites of the earth, or such
beasts as they take in huntinge. After that, we sawe another greate Mapp, a little lesse, but
not lesse alluringc our mindcs, which contained the citty of Tenustitan it selfe described by
the same hand of the inhabitants, with her Temples, bridges, and lakes. After this I caused
a boy borne in the same country (whom he carryed with him as his seruant) to bee brought a boy armtd
vnto V8 out of my chamber, furnished in warlike manner, as we sate in an open Solar. In mlnBu.
his right hande hee held a piaine woodden sworde, without stones which they xne (for they
abate the edge of their warlike swonl and fill the hollow and concauity thereof with sharpe
stones fastened with tough and clammy Bitumen and clay) so that in fight, they may almost
compare with our swoordes. These stones are of that kinde of stone whereof they make
their rasors, whereof I haue spoken elsewhere. He brought foorth a target also made after
their manner : that is to say compact and ioyned together with twigges or osyers, ouerlayd
with golde, from the middle lower circumferences of the edge whereof, wauinge feathers
hange dangling downe, more then a spann longe, set in for ornament : the inner part of the
Targett was coucrcd with a Tygers skinn : the out side had a bosse of gold in the middle,
with a field or large space of fethers of diners colours little diffcringe from our veluet. The
boy commeth foorth armed with his sword, clad with a straight garment of feathers, partly
blew and partly redd with a puire of breeches of bombasin rotten, and a little napkin hanginge
betweene his thighes, hauinge his breeches fastened to his garment therewith, as one that
putteth off his doblet without vndoinge hispoyntes from his hose, and being very well shodd,
the boy thus counterfeited the practise of warr, now setting vpon the enemy, and presently Ht counttrfeii.
retyringe from them, at length hee maketh shewe as if he had taken another boy in fight, "'' ""''
instructed for that purpose, and his fellow seruant, and halinge him by the haire of the
head, as they vsc violently to carry away their cnemyes taken in the warres, hee draweth
him to sacrifice him, & hauing layd him all along, hee seemed first to open him with a knife
about the short ribbes where the hart lyeth : and then pluckinge out the hart made as if
hee had drawne out the blood next vnto the hart with both his handes, and therewith be-
!iinifringe his sword and target, he moystcncd and washed them. After this manner (as
they say ) they vsc the cnemyes which they haue taken. But the hart it selfe hee burneth
in the fire kindled with twoe stickcs rubbed together, fit for that purpose, for the fire which
they supposed to be acceptable to J Gotldes that fauour their warres must bee virgin fire
newly kindled: the rest of the body they diuide and ciitt into seueral parts (leauing the
whole bellye with the intnyles least ^ filth fall out) as the boycs action did demonstrate.
But the head of the sacrificed enemy, hauing the flesh taken from it, euery slaughterer re- '•'•"'"■"'' "'
scructh it set in gold for a trophey or signe of victory & causeth so many litle golde gaping L V"j foJ'a '"
heads to be made for him, as shalbe proued he hath slaine, & sacrificed cnemyes : & hitgeth rrvrh'v.

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VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS.

TheJift Decade.
This Ribera with, he

th? about his nccke, & it is thought, thcv feede vpo their mebcrs,
knew ^ all ^ Princes of Mutcceuma ihcsielues vsed to eate nians flexh, wherupo he suspected
^ Muteczuma also himself did ^ like : although in Jr case he alwayes forboare ^ same after
they declared how foule a fault it was, & displeasing vnio God, to kill a man, how much
more to eate him. After J' fained solenities of sacrificing ended by the boy, while in f mcane
Hpace wee wearied Hibcra with qucstioninge him concernlnge the customs of those couniryes,
and the largcnes thereof, hauing brought the boy into a chamber they attired him for sport,'
and meriment : Who came foorth vnto vs cladd in another manner, taking a golden rattle
curiously beautified, in his left hande, but in his right hande hee brought a garland of belles,
shaking it and gently aduancinge the ratle about his head, and then presently swinginjr j|
about belowe, singinge after his country manner, hee filled the roome with dauncinge, where
we sate to behold him : it was a delightfull thing to sec when he came to any more honorable
rht maiinrr of pcrso how they salute kings whe they bring presets, with a tremblinge voyce, and lowly
ftm!f li * "uut countcnpuncc, neucr prcsuminge to looke the kinge in the face, approachinge, & prostra-
lo iiie ki.itf. tinge his body hcc speakcth vnto him, and deliuereth words to this efTect: Hee callcth him
Kinge of kinges. Lord of heauen and earth & in the name of hiscitty ortowne heeoflercih
his seruice, and obedience, and of two things intrealeth him to chose, which he would rather
haue: Whether that they build him any house, in drawinge stones, timber, and rafters
thether: or whether he purpose to vse them in tillage of the grounde: They say, they arc
the Kinges bondmenne, and aflfirme that (for his sake) they haue sustained exccedinge great
losses by the bordering cnemyes, yet that they willingly rcceiued all iniuryes for the ro-
ncrence, and fidelity they bare vnto him and many such like Idle speaches. Thirdly, while
we«. were earnestly talkinge with Ribera, J boy commeth forth of the Chamber, couterfeitinnc
Atirurikeniptc-a drunK.;-d : so that wee haue not scene any spectacle more like a drunken mann: when
they shall obtaine any thing which they desire of their Idol godds, he saith, that two or
three thousand of them come together, and till themselues with the iuice of a certaine ine-
briatinge hcrbe, and so runn naked hethcr and thether through the streetes of the citty,
seekinge the wallcs to support them, and demaunding of them they meete, which is the
way to their ownc lodginge sometimes spittingc, and sometimes vomitinge, and often fallinge.
Let this suffice for the boy. I knowc not what Rihera saith hee hath heard of a country in-
rhfcmiiitryof habited oucly by women in those Mountaines lyinge towards the North but noc certaintv,
For this reason (they say) it may bee beleeucd, because the country is called Yguatlan for
in their language Ygiiat signifieth a womann, and Ian is a Lord or Mistres: supposinge there-
fore, that it is the country of women. In the meane space while the boy was prepared for
diners spectacles, amongst other arguments of the power and grealnesse of Muteczuma hee
is sayde to haue had interpreters & innumerable Embassadours of diners prouinces with him,
gracinge his Court with their prrpetuall residence in their Lonies behalfe, as we haue Earlei
Marquesses and Dukes, obscrucrs of Caisar. Ii is not much from the purpose, aIthouj,'h it
bee but a trifling matter, to declare what sports and games they vse : It is well knowne that
♦'ley haue chessc hordes, by the checker worke which they haue woucn in their shectcs; but
Tennis play both with them, and in our Hands, is accounted the chcefcst pastime. Their
b.illes are made of the iuire of a certaine herhc which dimcth on the trees, as ho|)|)(N dne
vpon hedges: this iuice they bovic, which bceing hardened by heatc, conuerteth into .i
massy substance, of the which, beeing riibd together and wrought with the hnnde, eucrv
one formeth his balle at his owne pleasure, and others say, that of the rnotcs of the sunc
herbes wrought together weighty ballcs are made : but I knowe not how, there is a ventnsiiY
in that solid body, that being strocken vpo the ground but softly, it rebounds vncreclihly ini>
the ayer. And in ^ sport & pastime they are very quick & niml)le: so y they smite ilie
ball with their shoulders, clbowes, and heades, seldome with their handes, and somolimc*
with their buttockes turninge their backc from him that pl.iyeth with them while the h.iii U
smitten, for they exercise this pastime naked like wrastlers. In sieade of candcis, and
torches they burne the pith or heart of the pine, and they haue no other tallow, grease, cr
oyle : neither did they vse wax for that purpose (although they haue both hony and wax)

before

A note of the
|T.-.itne*<e of
Xlutrciuma.

I mil J

He're i? Enuit

fyr the Frrnth
m-n ihat art
v(i ''» hf bofnr
«>r;, rkcketti In
::i-:r niuuthcf.

Thejifi Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AJJD DISCOUERIES.

SQl

In the cntirics or entrances of the kinges and noble menncs of (trM in ih«

C'uurt,

before our comminse vnto them.

houses, they keepe three fires burninge all the night, made of those peeces or chippcH of ^ '
pine, appointinge likewise fuellers for that biisines, who with perpetual supply of wood to
the fire, maititaine the light vpon an high candlestick, curiously wrought of copper. One
candlesticke standeth in the entrance of the Court another in the chcifc hall where their
iioushold seruants walke expectinge their Lordcs pleasure : and the third within the Princes
chamber. If they bee particularly to goe any whether, cuery one carrieth his torch in his
hande, as our menn doe a candle. But in the Ilandes they vse the trane or tallow of the
Tortoyse to mainetaine candle light. Hce further saith, that the comon sort of people con- wiuei md c6,:a-
tnit themselues with one wife : but that euery Prince may mayntaine harlotts at his pleasure: """"■
and affirmeth also that Princes oncly lye vppon beddes, and the rest on matts spread vppon {J, o"'i,°Jj^^
the floore, or vppon cotton carpetts, becing contented onely with ccrtaine cotton sheets: the
iiaifc part whereof they spread vnder them, and with the other part they couer themselues.
Of these kinde of sheets Ribera shewed vs many. Morcouer they liuc contented with num-
ber, and measure, weights arc vnknowne vnto them. I hauc heerctofore sayde, that they
haue books whereof they brought many : but this Ribera saith, that they are not made for °f55'^^"j'„"'',","
the vse of readinge, but that those characters garnished and beautified with diners Images 4,<ieca(irchii<.i(
and proportions, are examples and patterncs of thinges from the which workemen may draw
out examples for the fashioning of Icwels, sheets, and garments to beautify them with those
proportions, as I sec semsters euery where in Spainc, and those who with fine needles make
silken chaine worke, roses, & flowers in linnen cloath, and many kindes of formes, to de-
light the eye that beeholds them, the formes and proportions of all which workes they haue
in particular ^.implers of linnen cloth, by direction whereof they instruct younge maydens
and girlcs. What I should thinke in this variety I knowe not. I suppose them to bee bookes,
and that those characters, and Images, signifie some other thinge, seeinge I haue scene the
like thinges in the obeliskes and pillers at Rome, which were accounted letters consideringe
also, that wee reade, that the Caldcis vsed to write after that manner. I remember that 1
haue written beefore, that Mutcczuma at the request of Cortes, built a Pallace by his ar-
chitects necre, vnto the Sea, 60. leagues from his owne Court, where he commaunded 20(X).
mony trees to bee planted, and many measures or Ileinina of the grainc Mai/.ium to bee Thr»quaR»of
sdvircd, and geese and durkes, and pcacokes, to be cast in for breed, with three other houses *'"""'
forseruice of the Court or Pallace : but at such time, as they were expelled out of the cilty, he
sailh, that the borderinge Barbarians slewe our menn, and made hauock of all. Hee mnketh re-
port also of the commodity of foode, of the salt, and potable lake: that the fish of the salt ofthtfi^hrf
lake are lesser, and lesse saiiory, & when the water ol the salt lake floweth into the fresh, ft«hTi>V"*
that the fishes bred and nourished in the salt lake, flye backe from the tast of the fresh water,
to the course and passage of the cbbinge water. And contrarily as soone as the fishes bred
in the fresh water begin to tast the salt, they likewise returne backe. Being dcmaunded,
what was done conceriiinge the auncient forme of rites and ccremonyes, or after what manner
thcv recciuc so sudden an alteration of their holy rites, hee saith, that all Images or Idols
arc oucrthrownc by the warre of the Conquerours : and that it is vtterly forbidden to sacrifice ^ s"""*, '"■i> to-
mans bloud any more. And that such friends as hee left, weere perswaded to kill noe more i'nu'y!
menn, if they desire to please the Creator of Heauen, neuerthelcs hee thought it was noe
time, that he should so suddenly compcll them to chaunge and alter the customes recciued
Irnm their auncesters. In this one thinge onely he is supposed to hauc done enough, that
neither the Tascalticans, nor Ciuazu7.ingi, or any other friendes whatsoeucr, durst publiquely
anv more exercise that kinde of slaughter, and butchery : yet, whether secretly they alto-
^'Cthcr abstaine hee s.iyth hee maketh some doubt. It is to bee hoped, that by litlc and
lille hee shall abolish their auncient ceremonycs. He requireth Preists and dc«ircth belles,
fviih (irnaments : all which shalbee sent vnto him, whereby many new hundred thousands
(if people shalbe subiected to your Holinesse throne.

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392

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

J1k« ttxt Dteadt.

Ltitert from

bl't.nr.

The lixt Decade, or Peter Martyr a Millanoiise or Angleria written to the Con-
•entine Arch Disnopp, to bee giuen to the Pope.

The first Chapter.

DEfore you returned to the citty, haiiinge executed your Spanish Legation honorable, &

Krolitable to two Popes while Spainc wanted a Kinge. by reason of his departure to talte vpo
im ^ Imperall crowne oflercd vnto him, I suppose, that amonge the Nobles ofSpaine, who
passed through the South side of our supposed Continent in the new worlde, you knewc, that
i^gidius Gonsalus commonly calird Gil. Gonziiicz, and Licentiatus SpinoHa the Lawier, wore
men of noc ordinary ranckc. Concerninge Spinosa I wrot many things in the third bookc
of my Decades (while you were present) to Pone Leo, at his request. But now we haiie
letter;* from yRsidius Gonsalus two yecres after, dated the day before the Nones of March
1.524. written fro Ilispaniola the I'allacr or Princly Court of those countries: where {hte
saith) hce orriucd with an hundred and twclue thousand drngmes of gold: and that hey re.
turned the 25. of luly lt)23. to Pannama, the yeere before. It would arise to a grciit vn-
lume of paper, to declare euery little accident that befell them in so longe a space of limf
and di.st<ire of countryes. And the deniaundes uhich hee requireth at the handcs of ihc
I'jnpemr are very large, for their trauailes, Sc dan;;er<« sustained, & for their misenblc wanien
indured in that wandring Voyage : nor are there complaints, & wordes wanting conccrninir
PetriiH Arias the gcncrall gouernour of those countries (which vnder one denominatio we rail
Kolden Casteele) straightly desiring liberty from his will and pleasure : among which hce saith
\ he is more nobly borne, as if it made any matter, whether those jr are chose of ih(
icings for the effecting of such laborious and waighty affaires, were borne of ba^t
and Idle victuallers, or Ilectorcan, and valiant menu, especially in Spaine where for
rfwnih. the most part they suppose, the Nobiiitye haue a speciall prerogatiue, to line Idley, wiilumi
any exercise or imploymcnt, except it were in the warres, and that as commanders, not an
ordinary & priuatc soldiers. Irereiued letters from you dcliucrcd me by the hands of ynur
lohannes Paulus Oliuerius dated in the «itly the Nones of .Mayc, whereby amonge other
things, you say, that Pope Clement is noe Icsse delighted with these relations, then his comin
gcrman Leo, or Pope Adrian his Praedecessors were, who by their letters mandatory nV
manded me to set downe the same the same in writing. Of many things I haue gathrred
a few, to be directed vnto you, not vnto his Holines, which if as his nephew Leo, or as hU
Successor Adrian did, he shal cumand me to write, I wilingly obey otherwise, I will forbeare
y Libour, least by scandalous mouthes I be iudged to haue incurred ^ sclaunder of teincritr.
Obseruinge therefore our manner, little rcgardinge ff slight allcction of ^ writers, we wi|
shortly touch such things as we thinke neccsrary to be known, neither shal ^ chcife point of
your Epi!<tle diucrt me a iot fm this purpose, where you say, jf throu;;)) J pcrswasio of lohn
Gninateiisis j' elect Bishop of Vienna, whatsocuer Fernandus Cortes, the Conqueror of then?
hiijie coiitrics of ^ lucatane*: & Tentistilils, hath written to ^ Emperors Coiiscll of ^ Indian
affaires, & to t Emperor liimselfe, w.is Inislated in Germany, word for word out of J' Spanish
tongue, into y Latine: for out of the, & by relation of others (as you knowe) I haue inadc
special choice of such things as I thought worthy f noting. Let vs now therefore at Ipcih
come to 5' mailer, & begin with j' Colonies erected, to the inlet jf the auncient (Jeograijhv
bcinu: mure easily pcrceiiird, tlie vnilcrstriding may apprehed, what coasts & cofitryes thi'.
-E!;i(liu-i hath iraiiaiied. Cocerning y' largenes of those cofitries, which thrice exceedc all
l.urope in lej;!!), & yet the code thereof not discouered, I haue made motion in my former
Decades (vnder y name of ^ supposed Coiinet) subiect to ^ printers jiresse, & suifificnllv
spread abroad through out the Christia world. We wrot y they lay in the probaiiu or proofi?
of the Latitud of the riuer Maragno, & y this lad hath two hu^e, & mighty .Seas: this our
Ocean, bulling vpon iliat Norlhcrne coutry, & the other, 5 South sea. These things pre-
s\ippose<l, his llolines may vndersland y on llic sides of y land, there are six Coionyrs
planted by the Spaniards ; three on the North, vpon the banke, or shoare of the riuer Daritn

The flxt Decade.

TIIAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

39.1

in the Gulfc oi Vrabn, one called Sancta Maria antiqua 20. leagues from Darien Aria: & the
third, called Nomi* Dei, in the dotninion of king Careta, 37. leagues dixtant from Ada. And
on the South shoare they haue erected as many, one whereof, leauinge the country Name,
they haue called Pannamn, the second Natan, 31. leagues from Pannama, & the third called
Chiriqui, they built 75. leagues from Natan.

The second Chapter.

OVi of the Hauen of ^' North Colony called Nomen Dei, the Inhabitantes, with Petrus
Aria« the Gouernour, determined to make a way to Pannama standing on ^ South shoare,
through the moutaines ouergrown with thick woods neuer touched from all eternity, and vn-
poN«ible to pavie ouer by reason of thesteepe and dangerous rocks, reachinge vp to Heauen.
For (hat distance of landebetweene both Seas is 17. leagues onely, which containv about some
50. miles, although elsewhere the Imd be very broad and so inlarged, that from the mouth
of the riuer Marugnon fallinge into the Oceuii from the North, to the Antarctick, it extendeth
it sclfe more then 54. degrees beyond the ;1£quator, as I thinke you sawe in that Decide di-
rected vnto Adrian, who lately dyed, which I sent you to be giuen to his Successor, although
intitlcd by another name, bcciuse he was preueted by death, without receiuinge the Decade
where mention is made at large, concerning the Ilandes ingendringe spices, foiid out by that
waye. Through this narrow strait of land therefore, at the great cost and charge both of the ^^'J^f. >°-
kinge and Inhabitantes breaking the rocks, and felling downc the woods which were a couert ^iVh'rowX
for diuers wild bcastcs, they make that way able to giue passage to two carts at once, to the [!,'™"'^^|J,"„
intent they might passe ouer with ease to search ^secrets of either spacious Sea, but D<itoi>annami.
they haue not yet perfitcd the same. From the Hand therefore which in my former Decades
(I sayd was called Dites, but now the Hand of Pearle, because (here is great store of pearle J^'*, "''"'''''
there, seated within the view of the Colony Pannama, /Egidius Gonsalus saith, that the 21.
(lay of Kluary In ^ yecre of our Lord God 1522. he set sayle vnto the West, with a smale, ^sidiui Oon<>-
and almost an vnanned fleele of 4. shippes, to the end that by the Emperours commaund, ',ht,,pl'',',yi,,,
he might obey the counsell and aduise of our kings Senate, from whom hee rcceiued this wudnhew
ch.irge, to view the wcslerne coasts neuer yet attempted, and make diligent search, whether
bctwernc the furthest boundes of the same supposed Continent lately knowne, and the bc-
gininge or first entrance of the country of the lucatanes, any straight or narrow Sea might
be foundc, diiiidinge betwecne those huge Coutreyes : in few wordes to coclude, they (inde
no straight at all : but what he performed (omitting many circumstances & many noted, &
nbscrued) you shal heare. He writeth ^ in the space almost of 17. monethes, he passed six
hiiiulrcd and 40. league* ( which amount to 2000. miles or thereabout) to the West, through
the coasts of strange coimtryes, and dominions of pettie kings. At what time while his
broakrn ships, (and eaten through with Sea wormes which the Spaiards call Broma) were
repaired, wantingc also ncccssarye victuals hee was compelled to trauailc the rest by lande.
Hee passed through the he.irt of the countrie 244. leagues, with an hundred menn or there-
abouts, bcgginge breade for himselfe, and his followers of many kingcs, from whom (hee n.jifrnv
sayth) hee hadd giuen him 112000. dra^mes of gold: (Pensum is a dragme and a fourth "'"''"'•
iwri more, as you must needs haue learned through your singular familiarity, and conuersa-
tiiin with the Spani;»rdcs for fourteeneyecrcs space:) and hee further sayth that more then
:W(X)0. persons of both sexes, were willingly baptised by such as hcc hadd with him, who y^'^^-v'<^'>.
hadd receiucd baptisme, and entred into the rules, and lirst principles of Religion : and that ''"""''
hcsaylcd so farre, that on the backe side of the Prouincc ot lucatane, he found (he same
lustoines, & manner of behauiour, & spcach which ^ lucatniic inbabitats cheifly vse. Of^ ii'^iiii's'T'"
ll'iOOO. Pensa of gold brought by J Treasurer Ccre/cda sent fro him he saith he sedeth '"
vntoCicsar for J kings poriiu, on ^ on part 17. thousad Pensa of halfe pure gold, which at-
taineth to J degrees of twelue, & ibirteene, on J other part l.'iOOO. 3. hudred and sixty
Pensa. In hatchits, which (hey vse in steed of Iron & Steele ones made (itt for the cutting h, i„tj„f
of wood or timber, he writeth that by testimony of the ouerseers, appointed for that purpose '"''''
deducting the Pensa of cucry one of them a litle inoi« the halfe a Ducatc of gold, each
VOL. v. ' 3 K haih

el to*

ivcll I

/lin ir

.'■ M

rt%

■ t « 1

>. I \.

\ ■

' mt'^ltiiS'in

;f <'

■V

Miiiiljlh

^ ,\

S9*

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

y** Wi« Dtcatte.

Riillht ihn
m«lif rutiictll
Iniiiumcnu of
|nU.

Th.

Pillicr

kiiii, <i
(hcMI thtrur.

hath lh«ir true valewr. But that which vie ^really nteente, in that we haue Toundc roun-
trici, where iimithrii wnrke, and aUo rumicall Initrumenln arc all made or gold, Ihouf^h not

fiure. In bellcn alio made or^old, wherein they are grently deli){hled, he Mayth he hnih ncnt
buretcnre & nix, weiffhin^e aboue 6000 I'ciiita, which uttainc almoai noc decree by the aiMv
of the nuencrr'4 : in y the belIeK »haki- to 8c fro, inund mnre dull or ithrill, our men (uppnue
they are no made without any order, or rule : for ^ ringingc of gold (aa you muNt ni-cdn
know) f^ purer the gold i« no much more dulcr i« f »ofid thereof. And recouiin)^ may
thinK* more particularly, he mayeth, ^ by reano of their wading through f riuem, and the
often flhowen of rainc, in regard they were our winter monetheit : although, ncere vnin ihc
yEquinoctiall they were not no oppreiwed with colde, yet hce, ami hiM con«ort« fell intodiiirrn
diMenxcM, which hindered them from makinge great iourneyen. Pamtingc ouer to a mratigc
land in their CanowH with the I'rouincialln or inhabitantM of that prouincr, which by tcittimony
of hifi comnnnionfi m tenn leagueN longe and nix broade, he wa^ courleounly intertained hy
"' • the King of the Ilande, whme Court or I'allacc was erected in forme of a warlike paiiilinn,
built with vndcmctlern or crowe beame* viwn a litle riaing hil, ilc couercd with rcedo, utui
graMC to defend them from the mine. In this Hand, and neere about the Pullace runneth a
mighty riner which diuidcth it selfe into two arme«t: thiii riuer an hrc Nayih, at that time tliai
he remained with that king intercepted of hi<) iourney, did no ouerllowc almoot the whiih<
Ilande with invndation* of water, & no Rurrownded the king** hou^e it xelfe to the hei^ith nf
n mannH girdell, that through the fury of the increase thereof, the very fnundatioiiN or th(>
pillers MUittayning ^ Pallace being ouer throwne, Ik moued out of iluir places, t house ii
8clfe fell downe. Dut (he aaith) that the endcH of the beamen being faiitcned, held the hniKc
together that it xhould not wholly full vppon them : mo that they were forced to cut mn ,i
dore with axes, whereat they might issue foorth. From whence they lledd for refuge to the
boughes of high trees, where (he sailh) himselfe, his companions, and their hosteii thnt re-
ceiued them, rcmayned for the space of two dayc4, while the waters returned to their i han.
ncis, after the rayne ceased. He re|)ortcth diucrs particular accidents. But it is Nunkicni
for you, if principally you make blessed Clemet partaker of these trifling matters of Knr-
tunc, whom that greate and waighty pontifieiall charge ought alwaycs to deteine buisied in
great allhyres. All prouision of vit tiiall being taken away by this inuiMlalion, copelled
through want, and being about yet to seeke foodc by land, he trauuileth further to ^ Wr^t,
yet nciicr leaving the vewe of _^ shoare, at length he came to an hauen already known, whirh
our men called the hauen of S. Vincent. Where he found his consorts arriued, with whom
he thus mctt, after he departed from them while they repayred their shippcs, and water (-a.'<kr.

The third Chapter.

HAuing saluted his cupanions as the time would permitt k speedily deliberating vfbt

euery one should doe, taking 4. horses out of ^ ships which he brought with him, hero-

mandeth the of 5' (leete to sayle by litle & litle directly towards the West. And charncth

them to beware of >iaylii>g by night, by reaso of the rockes, & siidy shouldes, because ihey

were now to passe through the vnknown coastes of the Sea, but he, with those 4. horses, it

about lot), footc trauailing by land, light on a Kinge called Nicoianus : this Nicoianus h.iii-

K>n.< Niooiiiiui Inge curteously intertwined him, gaue him 14000. Pensa of gold : being perswaded by our

tl'iViin'/mlni'L''" '"*' .> 'hcrc was another Creator of heaiien & earth aboue the sunne then they supposed, who

grrit nifiiuf made the sunne it selfe, & the innone k the rest of the visible starrs, of nothing, & goiierned

'° ■ the by his wis<l()rne, who also rewardeth euery man according to his deserts. WhereiijK) he

Nicounuidf- desired with ail his family to be baptised; & by the kings example, a thousand men of his king-

'& i! hapmi'd" dome or thereai>ouls were baptised. Ilauitig remained about 17. daycs space with Nicoianus,

"f'hi '^''""" '••'c Iflt him so well instructed, that hee dcliucred thee« wordes in his owne language ( vnder-

' sfootic by the bordering Interpreters) at sucli time as they departed. Seeing I shall neucr

Nicoiinui hn hereafter spcakc any more to tliese ;iuncient Images of the Gods, nor euer desire any thinge

u'hmjc'ofhi/" •'»' 'heir handes, take them away with you. And speakinge thus to yEgidius (ionsalus he ijaiic

iimiri. iiiin six golden Images of a spann longe, the auncicnt monumentii of his aiuicesters. Fifty

IcagiiCA

'Hi* hiUf n of
li. Viaccut.

The lixl Iheaile.

The tixt Dteadc,

TRAFPIQURS, AND DISCOURRtES.

.105

leaguca difilanl fro the Pallnrr of Nitoianui, he vndcntoode, that the Kin^e railed Nicora*
giia, had hii« kingdom : ulaying ihrrvlbrc one dayrii lourncy front the princly arat of Niro-
ragiin, he Rent nirMenKm to deliurr the aame meiNage to the King which our men wen; wont KiMm Oon.
to dotlarc to ^ rest of the kinge* before they would further preaiie them, th«t ia to any : that 'tv,.''';'!,'. nV.'
ihry ahould become ChriNtian^t, and that they admitt the lawca and atibiection of the grcatc |2'<"j •'•ii
Kinge of Spainr: Ixit if he rrfui^ed, ihen they would rayw warr, and vac violence againtt l'h"yj„fch,i,i.
him. The next day niter fowre NicoraRiianiaft Noble mcnn came foorth to meete him, tnyingc JJ,',',',''',*,"'*''"'
in their Kingci behalfc, that they di^^ire pent? and I aptiame. Our mcnn goc forward to Niu','r'.,u.!"'i'th
NicoraRua, whom thry conafraiiie to ret riuc holy l»apifl»me with all hia houaehold, and aome- l|','^o'X*!al;!
what more then IMNM). mcnn i,"'i'i(<a. Thia NIfcoragua gMe vnln i£gidiua (ronaalua I50(X). i<dMr..>m«
Pcn»a of gold made into diucrs I(>»''l!t. A^gidiua fprompenccd hia gifta with other preaenla, nI!!,',',7|'i', ,iu.i
and gauc vnto Niroragua a ailken g;irm<'iit, at\d an inripr vesture of linnen wouen. and also m /tiidiu.
a purple capp: and crectingc two crow'f-', one in their (pittple. and another without the [,,'2^ ' "*'"" °'
townc he departed : and went vnto another roulry about 0, leagues of, makinge hia way al- »croM<nr.«.
wnvca to the Weat : where (hee aavth) hcc found G. villagcx, eucry of them conaiating of"'
■bniit '.JOUO. houara a peere. The inme k report of our menu being heard, while ihey Ntayd
amnngeat thoae (i. villagra, another Kinge further to the Weat fiillcd Diriangen (dcairoua to nitimien • kmi
see them) came vnto our nienn accompanied with 6(X). menn, and 20. woemenn, tenn aun- [j',nc"''*,uim.
cicnta, and line Trumpeiera goinge before him after their manner. The King commingc to oonMim comci
(Junsalua cxpectinge hia approach in a throne adorned with rich and princly furniture, com-'"'"'"'"'
inaunded to tiounde the Trumpctta and prcaently to ceaae, & the auncienta that went before
him to be laydc down & euery one of the men, one, brought one, the other, two foulea like
vnto pearockea, not inferior in taat, nor greatnea. Theac foulea arc their domesticall powl-
try : aa hene-t arc with va. I make a liile digrea<«ion with your leauc: & rcpeatc many jiar-
ticulara of thii* aort, who being but an vnakilfull hiiabandman inatruct /^aculapiua in rnedi*
cine : for may of ihcac thinga arc very well known to you, & dilated at large in my l)c-
radea, lint auppoaing that iheae relationa may come vnto the handa of men deairoua thereof,
to whom they are vnknowne, vnlikely to obtainc your interpretation, I repeate them, that
for your aakc, they might obtainc their dcairc : do not you therefore accuae mc, who arc
borne for the benefit of many. Thia kinge Diriangen by hia aeruania brought nbouc iiOO. "'"«'''''"«.'.
halcheta, cuery ol them weighingc Is. I'cnu, or aomewhat more. Henigc demanded by In- d.m (Jon»iu>
tcrprctera, which /'Egidiua had of hia next bordering neighboura, who vnderatoode our menn, *^' '""'"'""'
what lau-c moucd him to come: he iaaayd to hauc anawered, that it might be grauntcd him
to behold ii atrange Nation, which he had heard, trauailed thoae eounlryea, and oH'eringe, that
whalaocucr they deaired of him, he would pcrfonne their demaund<"«. VVhereupdU they ad- it iiv«y <t.
muniahed thein (by alleilgingc the aame reaaona they V!*ed to pt rsw^dc the rest) to become "'„"''ih''r''hatr«-
Chriatiana, iV that they would aubmitt themaeluea to y obedience of the great king of Spaine. ri,nnrrii"jjfi
Hec aaiih, hee waa contented to doe both, and promiacd the third day to rcturne vnio our 1 'i '!.?i ",". 'f,"
mcnn to rereiue their charge. And ao he departed. »ion.

The fourth Chapter.

IV the meano time, while our menn remained with Nicoragua, many thinges fell out be-
tweene them not vnworlhy the relalinge. I'or beside that I gathered them out of the lettcra
(if .Egidiua, the kings Qua*s|or with him, er»monly eallcd the Treasurer, one Andreaa Cere-
tn\i, no ineane partaker of all Iheir trauailca, iV: laboiira, told me, ^ deparllnge left me y
writiiigea. .Dgidiiix, J eoniander t)f our aoldiera & Niroragua ^ king falling in to diuera dia- Notviirqiti-
louraet for recreation, while they were at leuaure, bv an Interpreter whiih /ligidiua hail h^Nla.rl'ul'io
brought \p, borne not very farr fro the kini^domc of Nicoragua, wiio perleetly spake hoth .I' ■.). (i„u,jiiifc
languagca. Nicoragua deniaded «>f /Kgidiua what waa thought (with y mighty king, wliose N,','ii'ii,'! fl',,l'a
seruant he ronfeaseth hiiiiselfe t<» be) concerninge j^ generall Hood |)ast, which aa hee had ■""""jitheit
heard hia aunrestcrs any, oiierwhelmed {' whole earih with men & beasles. Algidiiis sayih it ''"'''""•
is belceucd that it was ho : being demanded whether he thought it ahould come againe, he
uiiawcred, noc '■ but oa once by th^ invndation of watcra for the wicked miadecdca of men,

3 E 2 & cheilly,

' . '■>'

■''■■!

1 t
I

I 1

I-

'Ml

■?

, /I til •■!•'

39C

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

IVic sixt Decade.

The genirall
combustion Co
come.

perished)

cheifly, for their vnlawrull & mostroiia hist, all lining creatures (a fewe only excepted]

rished, so after an appointed terme of yeeres (vnknown to men) it should come to passe

f through flaminge fire cast downe from heauen, all things should be cosumed to ashes ; won-

dering at this discourse, they were all stricke with astuishmet. Whereupon Nicongua turn-

!'qu«'!r.h'.'.'** ing to the interpreter, with a discontented countenance demanded of him : Whether this so

In'/hu"""'"' *^'^ * vnderstanding a Nation came from Heauen : the Interpreter sayth they were sent

"mfromh«uen downe from Heauen. Then out of his simplicity & innocecy he asked him, whether he

"'"»• came directly down or in a circuite, and compassc like a bowe or arch, the Interpreter sayth,

hee knewe not that, who was borne in the same country where Nicoragua was, or in the next!

After this he commanded the Interpreter to aske his Maister /Egidius, whether the cartii

should euer be turned vpside downe : Whereunto vEgidius answered, declaringe that this was

"•J""''""*"'" a secret restinc onelv in his mind who is the Creator of Heauen, Earth, and menu. And

the departure & ....«•'. . ■ . n • r i • i i «

i.i.u« of souU questioningc him further conccrninge the vnuiersall consummation ol mankindc, and of the
?im"'&«°fons P'aces appointed for the soules departed out of the prison of the body, and of the determined
'vhichGod luth time of sendinge downe that fire, when the sunne, and moone, and the rest of the Niarrcv
C!" ^AaTl *''i3" cease to giuc their light, and of the motion, quantity, distance, and effects of the starrcs
and many things besides. ^Egidius although hee were very wise, and delighted to rcade com-
mon bookcs translated out of the Latine tongue, yet hadd hrec not attained that Icarnin'c,
that he could otherwise answer this, then that ^ knowledg of those thinges was reserucd in
the brest of \i diuine prouidence. Nicoragiia further demanding of him concerning the h\u\\:
ing of the windes, and the causes of heate and colde, and of the varirtic of dayes and iii^lu^^.
although it be very smal with them (because they are but a litlc distant from the Hquinnc-
tiall) and many such like questions, jTlgidius answered Nicnragua satisfying him in main
thinges according to the ability of his iudgemcnt, and commcding the rest to the diuine in-
telligence. Nicoragua and his familiar Courtiers descending afterwardc to earthly tliini;<,
demaunding whether without sinne, they might eatc, drinke, vse the act of generation, play,
sing, and dance, and exercise arms, he answered them after this manner: he sayth they might
checre themselues with .neates, and drinkes, but auoyde gluttony and surfeiting : for what-
soeuer is taken beyonde the necessitie of nature, is recciued both against the excel Icncic dl'
the minde, and health of the botlio, and thereby he sayth that the seeds of vices, brauies,
and priiiie hatred, and displeasure are stirred vp, and reviued : and that it is lawfull to v<{c
the act of generation, but with one woman oncly, and her, coopled and ioyned in mariasje.
And if they desire to please that (Jod who created all thinges, they must abstaine from an-
other kindc of lust whatsociier : and that it was not forbidden to delight themselues with
singing, honest sportcs, and dancing in their due tymes. Seeing thev questioned him not
concerning their ceremonies, nor slaughtering of mcnne in sacrifice, hee mooucd conference
thereof himselfc, and saith, that those oblations of sacrifices were most displeasing vnto (Jod,
X: y witli his Maister the great King there was a Law made, that whosocucr slewc any man
with the sword, should dye by the swordc. And he further sayth, that those Idolles, where-
unto they satrificc mans liloiid, are the Images & roprescntalions of deluding douiilcs, who
being cast out of Heauen for their pride, arc throwne downe to the pitte of hel. From
whence, going out by ni<;ht, they shcwe themselues for the most parte to innocent men, iV
pcr-iwade them througli their deccitfull artcs, that those thinges are to bee done, which inisjhi
in all kinde of things to bee auoyded, to the intent they might estrange our soules from liis
lone, who <reatc(l them, and desireth by charity, and other hciifst actions of lyfe to reduce
them agaiiie viito him, least beeing violently carryed away by those wickeu spirites ("rorn
efcrnall delightes, vnto perpetuall tormentes, and miserable woes, they be made companions
of the damned.

The fift Chapter.

AFter ihat /figidius, like a pulpit preacher, had thus reasoned, or in the like sense, by his
Nicirirua Je- Interpreter he signified the same to Nicaragua as well as hre coulde. Nicoragua assented to
>m'<.w how «. the woordes of .Egidius, and w ithall demaunded what hee shoulde doe, that they might please

Njturall qucs'
tions.

Diuine qur9-
Xiom If uchitig
earthly tn..:ters.

Jntempfrancy
and the scedrs
thereof.

Matiage.

!Sacriiiking uf
mankindc dii*
Haded.

Thfir ld..lifl
the lnlJgt> aiid
inufntion «.t th

riie tixt Decade.

The sixt Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

397

glMJlf line-

coMcerniiig
lu-Iy I

that God, the author of all thingcs, of whom he maketh report. Cerezeda the Kings treasurer

with him, witnesseth that vEgidius answered Nicoragiia in this manner: hee who created vs, ■*«•*'»» •>••

and all thinges, is not delighted with the slaughter ormenne, or shedding of bloude, but in the"'''''

feruent loue onely of our mind towardes him, hee greatly reioyceth, the secrets of our hearte

arc apparant vnto him, hee desireth onely the meditations of the hearte it selfe, he feedeth

not on flesh, or bloude, there is nothing wherewith he is more angry and displeased, then

with the destruction of mennc, of whom he desireth to be magnified, and glorified. These

abhominable sacrifices arc pleasing, and all impious, and wicked actions are acceptable to his,

and your enemies cast downe to the bottomelesse pittc of Hell, whose Images you heerc

obserue, to theende that they may drawe your soules (departing hence) together with them-

selues into eternall mine and destruction. Throwe these vaine, nay pernicious Idollcs, out

of your houses and temples : and imbrace and entertaine this Crosse, the Image whereof the

Lordc Christ bcedcwcd with his bloude for the sahiation of mnnkinde that was lost : and

hereby yee may promise vnto your sclues hnppie ycercs, and blessed eternitie to your soules.

Warrcs, also arc odious to the creator of all thinges, and peace amonge neighbours is amiable, tm

whom hee commaundcth vs to loue as our selues : yet, if leading a peaceable lyfe any doc'™'

prouoke you, it is lawfull for euery manne to repell iniury, and to defende himselfc, and his «iucii igaynst

goods, and substance. But to prouoke any through the desire of ambition, or couetousnessc, ,1/,'^.'°"'^'"

is vttcrly forbidden : and that these thinges arc done both against common ciuility, and also

against the will of God himselfc. These thinges thus playnly declared, Nicoragua, & his

Courtiers who were present fixing their eyes with open mouth vpon the countenance of

yligidiiis, consented to all other thinges beefore propounded, but to this one concerning

warlike aflaires, they made a wry mouth : and demanded where they shoulde cast their

weapons, golden helmets, or whether they should throw their bowes and arrowes, their military

ornamcntes, and their renowned warlike ensignes, shall we giue theni (say they) to women, to

vse ? & shall we handle their spindles, and di>tan'es, and till the ground after the rusticall

nianer? yEgidius durst not answcre them any thing to this, because he kncwe they spoake it

halfe discontented. But when they asked him concerning the mistery of the Crosse to be

adored, and of the benefit thereof, hee saith, that if with a pure, and sincere heart looking

vpon it, (mindfull witii a religious /.eale of Christ who suffered thereon) you shall desire any

thing ye shall obtaine it, so ye desire iust and honest things : if peace, or victory

a!;.iinst your enemies, plentie of fruits, if temperatnes of the ayrc, or saftie and health, and

ii' ye propound such other like thinges to bee desired and wished for, ye shal obtaine your

(Iciires, 1 haue mentioned before, that ^Tigidius erected them two Crosses, one vnder a

roofc, and another in the open ayre, vppon an high hill of bricke made by hnnde : at what

lime it was tarried to bee sette vppon the hill, Cere/eda saith that the Priestes went before

the ^rjorious and pompous shewe in procession, and .Egiditis followed with his souldiers and

(raiiie, the King accompanying him, and the rest of his subiectes. At what tyme the Crosse

wassctle xppe, they beganne to sound the Trumpetlcs, andstrickc vppe the Drummes. The

Crosse being fastened, A^ijidius with his hcade discoucred, and bowing the knee, ascended

first to the foote thereof, by the steppes whiche were layde, and powred out his secrete

prners tiierc, aiul imbracing the steppes of the Crosse, lastiy kissed them. The King, and

1)\ iiis example al the rest did the like. So beeing instructed in our rites and ceremonies

he made a de( rce. Concerning the distribution of dayes saith he, sixe whole dales ye are

rontinually to apply your selues to tillage, and the rest of your labours, and arts, and the

•iciirnth, y»ti must diligently attende sacred and religious exercises, and hee appointed them He ]cq«jin«th

the Lonlcs day for the seuenth, nor did hee suppose it to be profitable to be further trouble- 1/^5^,^"'' ''"

soiiie vnto liiem with a long rancke of holy dayes. I will adde one thing onely omitted by

,llj;idius himselfe in the discourse of his narration, which Cerezeda recyteth. All the Bar-Thc B«b«ui.i

barians of those Nations are bcardlesse, and are terribly afraide, and tVarefull of beardetl r,VhcI^d'ie"ri',!

men ; and llierefore of 'i."». bcardlesse youthes by reason of their tender yeercs, .Egidius made6«>*«-""'f

bearded men with the powlinges of their heades, the haire being orderly composed, to thcypo'/ihirocca.

be foliiy.

cud, that the number of bearded men might appearc the more, to terrific the if they should """ t^"""i"»

-. It

■.'■ iM

W-'"'

i, ■!*'.■

».«•*.

k^'4M

iiii

I' t.

of their other
buildings.

Auncirnts
fayntcd with
diucls.

Thi" situjtion

398 VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, The sixt Decade.

^nidiufOoDi. be assailed by warre, as afrerwarde it fell out. Cerczeda added thati^gidius wrote vnto him
uy'iTfoAhV that with 250. foote mustered ii. Hispaniola, and 70. horse, he set sayle about the Ides of
itriigiit. March Ib^i. to the desired prouince to seeke the Strayght. But this matter is not vet re-

ported to our Senate, when we haue it, you shall haue notice thereof. Nowe iit length, let
vs passe oucr these thinges, and come a little to that horrible Lestrigonian custome of those
The fashion of Nations, aiul to the situations, and buildingcs of their houses and temples. The length of
in'ht« pim"" ^^^^ lii»gt's coiirtes tonsisteth of 1(X). paces, and the breadth 15. the frontes whereof are
nnrt the mantr open, but arc all closc bchiudc. The paueinents or floares of their pallaces are erected halfe
a mans stature from the groud the rest, arc nothing rayscd from the earth. All their houses
are made of tymber, anu couered with strawe, and haue but one roofe or coueiing, without
Their Tempi«. any boonlcd Hoarc. Their temples also arc built after the same manner: they are large, and
replenished witii lowc, darke, inner chappels, wherein eucry noble manne hideth his
housholde goddos, and thry haue them also for Armoryes : for there with their Auncients
painted with Diuelles, "they keepe their warlike weapons, their bowes, quiucrs
golden brcst plates, and golden helmeftcs, and broade wooddcn swonrdes, wherewith they
fight handc to handc and their dartes also whiche they cast a farre of, and diners ornamciite,
ofwarrc, during the time of peace, and to the proper Images of the goddcs left by their
Aunccsters, according to their abilities they slay particular sacrifices of mans flesh, and
adore them with aflcctcd prayers of vowes or desires, composed by the priests after their
manner.

The sixl Chapter.

LArge and great streetes guarJc the frontes of the Kingcs courts, according to the dispo.
coult'^r'7no- s'tiou 3nd greatncs of their village or towne. If the town consist of many houses, they haue
bicmau houses, also littic oucs, ill which, the trading neighbours distant from the Court may mecte together.
The chiefe noble mens houses compassc and inclose the kiiiges strcctc on rucry side : in the
Gold smithes, middle site whereof one is erected which tlicGoldesmithes inhabite. Golde is there moulicn
and forged to be formed and fashioned into diuers Icwclles, then being brought into small
plates, or barre.s, if is stamped or coyned after the pleasure of the owners thereof, and ;,i
length is brought info the forme and fashion they desire, and that neately too. Within the
'"■ viewe of their Temples there arc diners Bases or I'illers like Pulpiltes erected in the fieklcs,
of vnburnde bricke, and a certayne kind of ciammic earthy iiitumen which seriieth fordille^
vscs and eflectes, which Bases consist of eight steppes or sfayrcs in some place twclue, and
in another (iftecne the space of the liighest parte of the toppe thereof is diuers, acrordini;
to the qualitie of the designed mistcry, one of those is capable of fenne men, in the midillo
space whcrenfstandeth a marble stone higher then the rest, .•ecjualling the length and brcadili
«"• of a mans stature lying all along: this cursed stone is the altar of tliosc miserable sacrilires :
at the appoynfed day for sacrifice, the people roundc about beholding the same, the Kin"
asccndeth another piilpitte in the viewe, to beeholde the execution thereof. The Trieste in
the audience of all, from that eminent stone, standing on his feefe perfbrmcth the ofTire of a
Preacher, and shaking a sharpe knife of a stone, whiche hec h.ilh in his hand (for they h.ino
quarries of stone in a! those countries, lit for the making of hatchets and swords, whereof wo
may haue as ninny as we will, and the Cardinall Ascanius was not ignorant hereof ) ijro-
davineth that sacrifices are to be slaine, whether they be of the bodies of their cnemie"., nr
bred at liomc. For there arc two kindes of humane sacrifices with them : the one, of enemies
taken in the warrcs, the other of such as are brought vp and maintained at home : for ciicry
king, or Noble manne from their inl'aiuie maintaine sacrilires at home to be slaine, to tlieir
abilitie, they also not being ignoraf wlierforc they are kept and fed more daintiiv then the
rest, who are not sadde & sorowfitll for the same, bcecau^e from their tender vcercs thev line
so perswadcd, that through that kinde of death, they should be turned into goddcs or hea-
uenly creatures. Hereupon walking freely through the villages anil townes, thev are reiierenilv
receiued of all that meete them, a-, if they were halle deified alrcadie, and are sent away lad. ii
with whatsoeucr they dcmande, whether they desire any thing for foode, or ornament : lur

(loth

Pillfrs erect pH
tnr th.)lilioini
Mr Sicrihces.

The

dllar vf sacriKcc.

A Mouddie
l^rcacher.

T«o kindi of
Sicnficci.

>'i

■I K

I .!

The sixt Decade.

wrote vnto him,

ibout the Ides of

er \h not vet re.

we :.t length, let

custome of ihose

The length of

»ntes whereof are

are erected halfe

All their houses

coueiing, without

ley are large, and

lanne hideth his

th their AuncientH

bowes, quiiiciN,

S wherewith they

diners ornainciiie^

)ddes left by their

)f mans flesh, and

priests after their

ilinj; to the dispn.

houses, they haiie
ay mcete together.
curry side: in the
lie is there moultcn
brought into small
crs thereof, and ;,t
y too. Within the
vvlcd in the ficldcs,
rh scructh for diners
? place twcluc, and
<< diucrs, ac(ordin<;
men, in the mid'lle
• length and breadth
nisorabic sacritires :
he same, the Kin;^
)f. The Trieste in
meth tlie oflTirc of a
hand ( for they Iiane
swords, whereof we
lorant iiereof ) pru-
if their enomies, nr
the one, of enemies
at hnnu" : for cuery
o be slainc, to their
re daintily then the
ider veercs they line
into godilos or hea-
1, thev arc rcuerciiiiy
arc sent away lail.i)
, or ornament : nor
(I'lth

The sixt Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

399

doth he who giueth to the goddes, suppose, that day fell out vnluckily with him, wherein he
besloweth something. Therefore they diuersly handle these diuers kindes of sacrifices in offer-
ing them to their Idols. They stretch out either sacrifice on that stone flatvppon their backe, The manner of.
and after the like manner open them through the short ribbes, plucking out the heart, and ''«''•«"*""«•
with the bloud of either obseruing the same rule, they annoint their lips, and beards, but the
preaching Priest holding a knife in his hande, compassing the enemie whiche is to bee
sacrificed with certayne mournefull songes, being layde along vppon the stone, goeth thrice
about him, and then openeth him, and after that cutteth him into smal peeces, and being
cutte diuideth him in this manner to be eaten. The handes and also the feete are both giuen
vnto the king, the harts are giuen to the Priestes, their wiues, and children, who bj the Law
ought to haue them, the thighes are diuided to the Nobilitie, and the rest to the people in
peeces : but the heads in stcede of a trophey or signe of victory, are hunge vpon the boughes
of certayne small trees a little way distant from the place of execution, where they are pre-
.scrucd for that purpose. Euery king nourisheth his appointed trees in a fielde neere vnto
him, obseruing the names of euery hostile country, where they hange the heads of their
sacrificed enemies taken in the warres (as our Commanders and Captayncs fasten the hel-
mcttcs, colours, and such like cnsignes to the walles of churches) as witnesses of their
ontragious crueltie whiche they call victory. And whosoeuer should haue no parte nor
portion of the sacrificed enemie, would thinke he shoulde bee ill accepted that ycere. But
although they teare the domeslicall sacrifice in peeces after the same manner, and order, yet
they vsc it otherwise beeing dcadc: they reuerence all parts thereof, "and partly bury them
becforc the dores of their temples, as the feete, handes, and bowels, which they cast together
into a gourde, the rest (together with the hartes, making a great fire within the view of
those hostile trees, with shril hyms, and applauses of the Priestes) they burne among
the ashes of the former sacrifices, ncuer thence remooued, lying in that fielde.

The .seucnth Chapter.

NOw when the people perceiue by the accustomed murmur, and whispering of the Priests,
that the go<ls lippes are rubbed, they vtter their vowes, and prayers, & desire the fertilitie
of their ground and plentie of other fruits, salubrity of the ayrc, & peace, or if they are to
fij;ht, victory and euery one through torment of minde earnestly intreateth them to driue
from them the flies and locustes, and to remoue inundations, and drought, and violence of
wilde benstes, and all aduersitie. Not content with these sacrifices, the King, Priests, and An idoi whei^
Nobles, sacrifice to one Idoll onely with their owne blonde. This Idol fastened to the toppe of unfothe King
aspcarc of three cubites longe, the elder sorte authorised thereunto with great pompe in the bi'/HcriRcf""
face of heauen out of the Temple, where it is religiously kept all the yeere: and it is like the witi> ihcir owne
infernall goddes, after the same manner that is payn'ted vpon the walles to terrifie men. Thi'i'mi.y be
The niytrcd Priestes goe before, and a multitude of people following after carry euerv one """* 'hediueij
their banners of wouen cotton painted with a thousandc colours, with the images & r'epre- '"'"'""'"'
scntalions of their diuels. From the Priestes shoulders, couered with diuers linnen clothes,
lertainc belts more then a finger ihicke, hange downe vnto the ancles, at the fringed endes
whereof seueral purses are annexed, wherein they carry sharpe rasors of stone, and little
badges of powders made of certayne dryed hearbcs. The king, and his Nobles followe the
Priestes liehinde in their order, and after them the confused multitude of the people
to a mat) : none that can stand on his feete may bee absent from these ceremonies. Being
(nine vnto the appoynted place, first strawing sweete smelling hearbcs, or spreading sheets
or couerleflfs of diuers colours vndcr them, that the speare may not touch the ground, they
make a stand, and the priestes supporting the same they salute their litle diuci with their
accustomed songes, and hy mines : the young men Icape about it tripping, \: dancing with
a tliousande kindes of anti«|uc sports, vaunting their agiiity, and niniblencsse of body by the
shaiving of their weapons, & targets. The priestes making a signe vnto them, euery one
lalicth his rasor, and turning their eyes vnto the Idoll, they gash and wound their owne
tongues, some thrust them through, and the most part cut them, so that the bloud issueth

forth

I'M:'

]■«

iCl (_.:,• ■■ "-•>,. 1

':5f!lli)""'

lim

r I

400

great lr{io)ic
ariiu-d.ifter their
manner st-ts
vpiKin the
Chribli^ns.

ThcCl'.iliti.in.
wilh .1 fniall
ciiiTiMny oucr-
camj Uiriangen
hii criat army.
Nit.iian'js
I'rai-ttifih
5ijn;;hrcr.
jlrji.Jius with
l-.isM i.Jfullcf
horse &. f<>oce
slaves nuiiy of
hii nicn.

jl-.giilius le-
fainc! tit the
I'.aun) (it' S.
Vi.u-ei I.

A iuy) J6: J S^a
>■; iVcih water.

vnto
rc<i.
Willi
and

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, The sixt Decade

forth in great abundance all of them (as we sayd in the former sacrifices) rubbe the lippe
and beai3 of that foolish hlnl : then presently applying the powder of that hearbe, they fin
their woundcs. They say the vertue of that powder is such, that within few houres their
vlcers arc cured, so that they seeme neuer to haue beene cutte. These ceremonies ended
the Priestes bowc downe the speare a litle, at what tyme, the king first, then the Nobles, and
la.stly the people whisper the Idoll in the care, & euery one vttercth the turbulent and tem-
pestuous outrage of his minde, and bending the heade to one shoulder, with reucrcnt
trembling, and mumbling they humbly beseech, that luckily, and happily he would fauour their
desires. Being thus deluded by the Priestes, they returne home again. While they applyed
theselues to the diligent search of these, and such like other idle toyes, beholde, first one, then
another, and after that, many spies or scouts came, who brought tidinges that Diriangcn
was come, armed: for he cnme not oncly with a purpose to take againe that which he hadde
giuen, but also to kill our men, presuming vpon the .small number of men which he had dis.
couered, and with an hope to possesne that which our men had with them : for euen thcv
themsclucs inue golde, though not as money and coyne, but for the making of lewels, for or„j.
mcnt sake : hec came therefore with a great troopc of men accompanying him, armed after
their manner, hce setteth vpon our men, whom, if he had found vnprouided, he had killed
them eucry man. So they fought fiercely vntill the night.

The eight Chapter.

IlEre hee reporteth many thinges, which I omit, least we should be troublesome, I
you, & you vnto his Holinesse, and your friends : & therefore you may collect the
Our small company of men ouercamc their great armies : hee rcciteth religiously and
feare & trembling that God, who is the Lord of hosts was present with them,
brought them safely out of that danger. Nicoianus the king left behinde, vnto whom he
w;is constrained to returne, following the ch.inge of fortune, practised to slaughter them, & to
take away from them the goUlc which they caryed. ylvj^idius Gonsnhis suspecting the snnic
did not committc himselfe to Nicoiainis. Tlierforc setting his men in battaile array, and so
keeping them, and placing the we:ike wounded men, & the ijold in the middest of the arnv
of footemen in the battaile, with tho.se 4. horsemen, and 17. shot, and bowmen, he sustained
the fury of the warriours, and sicwc many. That night hee slept not, at the first dawning of
the day, they desire peace, and peace is gr.ltcd. So they returne to the haiien of S. Vincent
from whccc they departed. Where they found the sliippes returned, whiche h.id now savled
about 300. leagues to the West of an \iiknowne sea, while the Admirall .Tigidius niadc
diligent search within the country. But they returned, as he saith, to repaire their shiix
againe in that hauen, which were bruised, and battered after many monethes wandrin<r and
sayling. Hee dcscribcth the borderyng country of Nicorajrua after this manner. On the
very ii.iier .side of the Court of Nicoragua he saylh he foinul a lake of fresh water wliirhe
exicndeth it selfc so farre, that ihey coulde not disrouer the ende thereof, whereupon he
thinketh it may be called a sea of freshc waters, for those causes : and he further saith, that
it is full of Hands. The borderers being demanded, whether it should runne, and whether
those waters were emptycd into the neighbouring sea three leagues distant thence, thcv
plaincly declared that it had no issue out: especially to that South Sea necre vnto it, Init
whether it fell into the other sea, hce saith, hee left them doubtfull. Therefore hee pbiitelv
confessLih, as hee himselfe reporteth by the opinion f-fmaisters and piloties, that they hoMc
it fur a rcrtaintv, that this is that heapc or gather! nt; ti>gelher of waters, eorres|)ondeni to the
North Sea, and that the streight so much desired, might there bee foiinde. If you desire to
knowc what I thinkc in this case, I thinke it spoken to excuse iiimselfe, beecause hee louiide
not the strayiihl : both by reason of the nature of those potable waters, as also lor that the
borderers are iniuinint whether tho.se waters haue any issue out, we t)ught to be dis(]uielcd
and tormented with the same desire, whether any stravght diuiJe iho.-e huge countries.

The

The sixt Dctadc.

, The aixt Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.
The ninth Chapter.

401

STay awhile, aAer these letters. The letter raricr yet tarrying and ahnost putting on hi.^ „,„„,
Hat to be gone, Dieciis Arias the sonne of Petriis Arias the goucrnour came vnto me, & i.itcr .nus spi-
brought with him that Liceiif iatus Spinosa whom I mentioned berore. Spinosa saith, that Petrus "hrHfiV','!!"-''"^
Arias the gouernour, & himsclTc, were defrauded by this jllgidius Gonsalus, who atlirmeth, ■".fry.riht
that those tracts and coasts were long since discoucred by them both, & that in their pro- couimy!;",' lo"*
gresse they left the kings (who inhabited the same) in amity & peace with them. ]Joth ''""" Atiu
parties shal be heard. What Caesar shnll think good to be decreed in our Senate, such as'"
are desirous of these things yet vntmithed, shall vndcrstande thereof hereafter for your
sake: and so let fliis sufllice for the present. And when occasion shall giue opportunifie,
present many kisses in my behalfe to the feet of our most blessed Clement. The Spaniardes
will esteeme his Ilolinesto be of so gre;it value & price, as he regardeth you, whom for your
long conuersation with them, they ihinkc worthily to be most highly respected of the best,
and greatest. The iiidgemenles & censures of men are often deliuered, from the elec-
tions and choyce of Princes in their ministers, and seruants.

Recciue now the third thing that came to light, while the post yet stayed, which as I sup
pose will be very acceptable & delightfull to his Ilolines to know. In that Decade di- He rfportnii a
rected vnto Adrian, where the description of the Ilandcs of the Maluccas ingendring spices k'"",!" I'liT
appeareth, metion is made of a controuersie that arose bctweene the Castellaiie discouerers V'"'.;"' ""',')''
and the Portugalles, concerning these llandes being found. And we thinke it to bee so cer- fu'ri'iK-iiiieui'
tayne a thing within our limits assigned by Pope Alexander, that for preparation of a new '■'" Maiucc^s.
voyage, with no meane charge, wc haue builte (i. iiewc ships in the Cantabrian haui} of
Bilbauius & furnished the with all necessary prouision of victual, & determined, they shuld
set saylc about the vcmall Equinoctiall, out of the Clunian Gillecian haucn which you know,
is appointed for the trading, & marchandisc of spices, because for all marchants comming
from the North coasts, it is much neerer, and more commodious, & a safer way, then if
they should be constrained to goe to Siuill (appoyntcd for the Indian aflliires) called the
house of trallicke or trading, or into Portugall, by diners and long windings & turninges of
the shores. The Portugalles seeing almost the present mine & ouerthrow of their estate,
earnestly besought vs with their whole indeuour, that they might not sustaine so great losse,
their interest «fe right not lieing first vnderstoode, for that they perswade themselues, those
ll.ids of ^- Mahiccas were hitherto loud out, & traded by their marriners, & y they lay within
their limits, tS; not within the boiuU of the .'JIK) & 70. leagues assigned to the Emperor,
without the llandes lying towardes Caput Viride so ralUd, which by Ptolomy is called the
Hisardinian Promontory, supposed by vs to be the Gorgones. (.'a'swr, as he is a louer rather
of that whit h is right, and iu>t, then of riches, with a King of his kindred, especially who is
his cousin germaine, & peraduenture (if the rumor spread abroad be true) should shortly
become his sisters husband, granted their requestes, that the matter should bee deliberated
what right they had. The ships are stayd, the preparation gaineth nothing, and the men
antl (iflTircrs cho-en for that seruice mutter thereat. Wherupon it was decreed that menne
skillful in Astronoujy, Cosmography, and Nauigation, and learned Lawyers also on either The nntttr put
siilf, should meele together to discusse the matter in the city Pax Augusta, which the Spa- '" ^"''™'™"«*-
niard commonly calleth Hadaiozum, beecause that place is the bounde of Portugall and
Castccle. Our men went, and they came. From the Calendes of April, or thereabouts the
|)r(iperfy began to be sifted and discussed. The Portugalles who thought it not expedient
to consent any iot, admit no reasons which our men brought. The Casiellanes wil that the 'I'lo cutirinoi
r.-isignenient of the .'100. and 70. leagues should begin from the last Hand of the Gorgones |'j",^J."'* '"
c.illcil S. Antony lying to the West, it they say that it is nine degrees of longitude and an
hallo distant from the knowne Meridian of the fortunate Hands : on the contrary, the Portu- Ti-f I'lti u
^alles obstinately vrge that it ought to be accounted from the first of the llandes, called the '""•''"'"•
llande of Salt, which disliire containeth 5. degrees of Iwigitude. The Castellans prouc

their matter thus.
vol.. V.

If any Arbitrator chosen to decide controucrsies betweene neij

y-F

hbours
con-

i^lf V'

_ **»*. .J.<«is«J^

,1%

p., f ,

Wft

:: Ail't

'"'.Ml

if
ill

^ '. : li ■ c .1''

I .

ll 1 "

••• f

V*!

• ff.

^l^

I I,-

* MS.

Mir.

402

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

TJie sixt Decade.

contending for their bounclcs, shall so censure that from the known and long possessed in-
heritance of lohn, his neighbour Francis shoulde haue an hundred paces, no man will doubt,
that the measure is to begin from the furthest limit of the inheritance of lohn. For if the
measure be to be taken from the beginning of the mannor, or inheritance, ofneccsgitc
lohn must loose the possession of his inhcritiice, because by that meanes he includeth his
inheritance in the couenant. Therefore the Castellanes sav, cither discharge the soueraignty
& dominion which hethcrto you haue had oucr the Ilandes Gorgones, els you must needs
consent, that this question or matter of controuersie is to bee measured from the furthest
shoare of those Ilandes. They stoodc long vppon it : but nothing concluded : bccmsc if
the Portugalles shoulde haue consented to the opinions of the Castcllane ludges, they must
needes confesse, that not onely the Malucca Ilandes bordering vpon the Sinenses,' & the
great gulfe and Promontory of the Satyri, and Gillola (whereof I s|)akc in the Decide to
Adrian) bv Ptolemy as many of them thinkc Catigaro, a 100. and 75. degrees from the for-
tunate Ilandes, and 150. from the lyne diuiding the boundes of eyther King: but also
Malucha it selfe, long time vsurped by them, as the Castellanes say. For the Castciianea
vaunt that the Portugalles are conuicted by the authorities of Ptolomcy, and other authors
disputing about the longitude of degrees. The Portugalles hearing this shake their heads
thereat: our mariners also returning from that vast and long nauigation, brought letters, and
excellent presents from the chiefe King of those Ilandes (where they laded y shippc called
the victory with clones) as an euident argument of their obedience yceldcd. But the Portu-
galles shewc no league or couenant made with any king of those Hands : yet they say, that
the name of the Portugalles came to those Ilandes, and that Portugalles were scene there.
Whcreunto our men answer and confesse, that they founde one Portugall, but a fugitinc,
fearinge iudgement for his wicked acts committed, but none els, nor any signe or token of
any other kindc of trading. What shalbe decreed by (.Vsar, whereof consultation was h,i<|
in our fvenate before, is yet vnknowne. It will be very hard for the Portugalles to be inter-
cepted of their accustomed actions and trading, nor will it be plcising vnto vs to loose the
occasion of so great a discouery. God be present with vs. Now fare you well, from
Burg the 1*. day of July 1521.

The tenth Chapter.

BY reason of diuers Pirats, and hostilitie with the French King, the inlurj' of the timr<i

barred vs of all trauailes by lande, and sea voyages. I sende therftirc vnto you (after two

maners) requiring the same, suche newes as came to light concerning the newe world, a

fcwe thinges only being added Foure & twentic approucd men of eucT^ facultie six, to wit,

Astronomers, Lawyers, Cosmographers, and Nauigators were sent with the Portugalles to the

consultation of the foresaidc controuer.-ie. Few of these arc known to you : but to the Popes

Holynchse none. They all returned: and in the name .nnd behalfc of others yeelded a larg

TTif nimri of accouut of thcir acts in that meeting, fir>t to our .Senate, .nnd next vnto Caesar. Don Fcriian-

thr Lommiiicc!. ^^^^ Colonus the seconde sonne of ChristophorusColouns, the lir»i searcher and di.scouerer of

these tractes and countries, a learned man, and ttiree lawyers, the rest being hearer*, 1,1-

ccnciatus a Cunna, and Licenciatus Emanuelus, the one .auditor of the Kings Senate, and tlie

other, likewise of the Vallcdnlct.ine Chauncery, and also I.iceiKiatus Pcrisa chiefe Iu(lj;e of

the Cranatensian Chauncery, as the report goeih, I)rought the .Aduocatcs backe againe. What

I mentioned before, was inactcd, and nothing more. Ai the day appoyntcd by C.Tsar,

which was the last of May, the (\istellanr arbitrary ludge appointed for that purpose, ypoii

the bridge of a riuer called Caia, diuiding Casteele and Portugall, deliuercd their srn-

Thf sftitfnce of teucc : uor could the Portugalles obtaine (to whoine euery delay was beneliciall) that tlioy

touchmglht shoulde deferre their sentence for a day or an houre: which they deliuered in this manner.

coniiourriic b«- That the Malucha Ilandes both by the iudgement of yong and oldc, should be vnderstoode to

I'jT'.'L" HQrtu"''' he situate 20. degrees and more within the Castcllane lii..i;s. it is so decreed. Neither doe

gaiifs. they exclude Malucha and Taprubana, if that bee it, wiiich the Portugalles call Zamatra.

I''omtnur'" ^'** Portugalles therfore returned hanging down their hcadcs, and taxing whatsoeucr was

t'onc.

' •': 1.

! ji|it

i''t

^^^,^A

.V* rf ■<*-"^* -**•-*-.. A_4^^^

nie sixt Decade,

Tlie aeucnih Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

403

done, not purposing to forsake their auncient actions. And wee haue hearde that a mightie

flcete is nowe sent from that young king : and they secretly giue out that they will drown

and destroy ours, if it come. But we, the day before the Calends of luly, haue thought

good in our Senate of Indian alfaires, that Caesar should decree, that before the next month

of August comming, be ended, our fleete of sixc shippes should set sayle, nor shall they be

commanded to fight together : if the Portugalles being more mightie, shall presume to pro-

uoke them, it is in Caesars power to auenge himselfe by landc, if they attempt disobedience

at Sea. For Portugall, as you very well knowe, is an angle or corner of Casteele, and howe or the king.

great a portion of Portugall, seeing in Portugall there are famous cities Metimna of the pi"" "' '"''""■

playne, a notable Mart towne, Salmantica, together with Abula, Segouia, Zamora, Taurus, &

the fortunate kingdome of Toledo, and many besides, inclosed within the riuers Aua and

Doria, as I often declared in my olde Decades : that countrey sometimes was a county of

Casteele, freely transferred and becstowed by a bnuntifull king vpon his nephew, by the Portuiai once

nnmc, and title of a king. Ft is also decreed, that one Stephanus Gomez, ( who also himselfe CM«kf °'

is a skillfull Nauigator) shall goe another way, where by betwcene the Baccalaos, and Florida, sttphmus co-

long since our countries, he saith, he will finde out a waye to Cataia : one oncly shippe ™"f^° g,"',_

called a Caraiiell is furnished for him, and he shall haue no other thing in charge, then to

search nut whether any passage to the great Chan, from out the diuers windings, and vast

compassings of this our Ocean, were to be founde.

FINIS.

Soli Deo Laus & gloria.

The Scuenth Decade of the same Peter Martyr, dedicated to the Vicccount Franciscus Sfortia,

Duke of Millaine.

AScanius the Viccchaunccllor your Excellencies vncle, sometimes a most woorthy, and
famous Prince amongest the Cardinalles, and inferiour to none, obtayned the first front of
my Decades, concerning the ncwe found world, because through his importunate suite, Sc
often rcquestes hee commanded me, to signifie vnto his Excellency, what accidents fell out in
these Westerne coastes, and countries. Hereof I present you this famous witnesse, indued
with all vcrtue, and experience Marcus Caraciolus, the Apostolicall chicfe Secretary, at this
jjrcscnt chosen the Emperor Charles his Catinensian Embassadour with you, who then was
voiir vncles Secretary, when the Ocean first opened her gates vnto vs, which before, vntill
ilicsc times, from the beginning of the worlde, were shutte. And at that time, he saith, in
his maisters bchalfc he receiued my letters, and made mee suche aunswere as his maister
billed him to write. Ascanius being deade, and I growing slothfull, no manne inciting, and
stirring nice vp, King Frcdcrickc (beefore his fortune was changed from a milde and gentle
mother, into a cruel stepdame) hadde receiued my second Editions by the hands of his
< oiisin gcrmainc, the Cardinall of Aragon : then, the Popes, Leo the tenth, and his successor
Adrian the sixt, inciting me by their letters, and parchment patents, vsurped the body of my
^.tattered Decides, |)ersw.iding me, not to suffer a matter of so great woorth, iniuriously to
ho buried in obliuion. And you most Noble Prince, lately borne, and lately aduanced to
liic kingdome of your Auncestcrs, vnderstad what lately happened. Camillas Gclinus your
excellencies Secretary, beeiii;' Petitioner to the Empcrour, I diuert these Narrations from
other Princes, to your lAcellencic the Lady, and inislrcs of my birth day. Among so many
iiirl)ulent adaircs, wherewith your Excellencic is incumbred, hee once or twice plainclv pro-
icsieil with an oath, that it would be a most acceptable cise. & solace of your cares. From
the first, and large bountyc of the Ocean, raised by Christopherus Colonus, whatsocuer went
bdnre, euen vnto these narrations, lacobus Pierius carried in one bundell to his maister the
thiefe Secretary, elected Catinensian Emb.issadour (when hee departed from this legation
vnto you in (";es;irs belialle) lo bee presented to Pope Adrian : whiche were partly published

!)} the Printers mcancs.

iiul partly written by his owne handc, out of my first coppies, and
•i I' '-i exanii)lcij.

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404

VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS,

The $euenth Decrute.

Th' l>\i!lfiilnn
of l!f Ocf III.
>l(f>llt'iiiil.>
Ihf pt.iyi. i ot

inaica & Cubj.

Thf Ijrpfnfs of

l!ir MI|t|Htlrti
foiitiiitnt.

Thf s,(uation
ihclcuf.

Thf muliituilf
of iUiKts tH) the
North tide of
lliipaniolj and
Cuba.

400CC. Indlini
cjricil into lap-
IKitty 10 di;:g

Ilic:ln.

T hf luft I'f
t!ir trrt» Mf
ihcsr lljt'.tls
ncjcr f^'U

Of iht Irrc
larum.1 .iiid of
Ih- M i'li.tcrfiil
aatuic thciruf.

examplen. He rcmaineili wiih your Exrcllcncie vndcr the name mamter. For the thini^cii
past, tlemaundc account of him, which if hcc yceld you not, he shall be accounted but a
badde fellowc. Lctlc v* now bricfely recite wh.U ncwc thinj^e-t the pregnant Ocean hath
brought foorlh, a short epih>,uuc (of what is pa-il) B"inR bcefore. For this our Ocean in
more fruitful! than an Albanian Sowc, whirhc i'* reported to haue f;irrowed thii i ,0 pifrgcn
at one time, and more libcrail then a bountiful! I'rinrc. For ciierv ycerc. it disroncreth
vnto vs new countries, and strange nations, and exceeding great riches. Concerning Hi'^-
jiaiiiola the Quecne of that huge, and vast country, whore the Senate remaineth giuinjr Jajy^.,
vnto the rest, and of Iainai( a and Cuba, by a new name called Fernaiulina, and the rc»t of
thofc Elisian Hands, reaching vnto the .xqiiinoctiall, within the Tropick of Cancer, wcc
haue now sufficiently spoken : where none of the people vndcrstand the diflercncc of day
& night all the yerc long, where there is neylhcr hard and vntemperalc Summer, nor cojj
and (rosty winter, where the trees also are greene all the yeere, laden with blossomes, and
fruite together, nor all the yeere long arc all manner of pulse, gourdes, melons, cuiunibers,
or other garden fruites wanting, where flockes, and heardes of C:ilfle being !)rought tliiihcr
(for no fourefooted beast naturally breedeth there) more fruiiefully increase, and grow taller,
and larger bodied: as alsoof ihe supposed Continent, which in length from East to West, thrice
excfcdelh all Europe, no Icsse also somwhcrc extended from North to South, although else,
where it be conjprehended within narrow straights of laiul. That land of the supposed
Continent is extended from b7>. degrees of the Pole Arctick diuiding both Tropi<kes, and
Ihe frqunfor, to iJl. degrees of the Antarrticke Pole : where, at what time the Orcades haue
their Summer, they quake, and tremble for frost and I-^e, and so contrary. These things
your Excellency may gather by a relation to Adrian the Pope, by niee com|iiled, and brouj;lit
xnto the titty with the rest, and plainely set downe in a short parchment m:ip|), which ]
dcliuered to your Secretary Thomas Maimis, when hee departed her.ce. 'I'lurein your
Excellency shall (inde the situation of all those roasts, and coinitries, with their bordcrimr
IlandC'*. Now, let vs hasten to relate thinges which more lately happened. On the Norih
side of Hispaniola, and Cuba, otherwise called Fcrnandina, of Fernando the King, so grc.ii
a muliilude of noble and ignoble Ilandes lie, that I my selfe (to whose handes whatsociirr
commelh to knowledge, is brought) dare srarsly belecue the number of them, whiih arc
reported. Of those within these twenlie yecres, and more, in which the Spaniardes (inha.
bitant* of Hispaniola and Cuba) haue had to doe with them, they say, they haue p:i»<rj
through 400. A: carried away forty thousand of both sexes, into seruitude, to satisfie tlifir
insaii.ible desire of gold, as wee shall heereafler speake more at large. These they ciii bv
by one name lutaiie, and the inhabitants lucaij. Many of these Hands cOsist of trois,
growing of their owne nature, which arc marueilous profitable. The leaucs neucr fall fmn
them, or if any fall through age, yet are they neuer left bare, for new begin to bud forth,
beefore the olde leaucs wither, and faylc. Nature hath giucn them two excellent ircc*,
most worthy to bee remetnbred aboue the rest, the one they call laruma, to the other thry
gaue iio name. This laruma is like a (Igtree, not solid, after the manner of other trcc-^, nor
hollow, and empty, like a reedc: but ratlierlike feniiell gyant, or the elder tree. If yeeldcih
a kinde of fruite of a spanne and an halfe long, ol'tlie softnes of a figge, sanory, and mcdi-
cinable for the curing of woundes, the leaucs wherof worke wonderful! edects: as cert.iine
men of authority proued, by one example. Two Spaniards brawling, fought together, one
of them, with one blow of a sword cut of almost the shoulder and arme of his aduersarv, ,i
little thin skin vmlcr the arme hole, where if is ioyned to the llaiike, scarse sustaining the
member. Whereuppon an old huaian woman runneth vnto him, and st.iyefh vp the member
fallen from his pl,n( e, & layeth thereon the brni-^ed leaucs of that tree, without a|)plyingany
other kinde of medicine, and within few dayrs after they tcsfilje, and allirme, they saw him
whole, and sound. ^Vho so secke knots in rushes, Ut them champe, and ruminate hereon .it
their plea>iure: but wee determine to belecue, that this, and greater things in nature, ninv
be done. They report, that the barke of this tree is sli[)j)cry, and smooth, which not heiiijj
solid, but full of pith, with little scraping is easily emptied, and made bare. \Vhcrcui)pon

your

'• .-.

-• ■ ;

The leuenth Decade.

TnAFFIQUKS, AND DISCOUERIES.

405

your Excellency shall hrarc an accident mo<t worthy the reporting, but vnhappy to the arti-
ficer, and coniriucr thereof. The iiicaij In-inj? violently taken away from their hahitalioii-Tiif<i«p«Mte
and placeH of aboado, line in deSpairc: and many idle drones, refusing meate, lurkinjr. ni,d'i',!lfj|t'i"'',"'^
hiding thcnueluen in tlie vnfrrqiiented valliw, dei'crt woods, and close, and darkc rorkts, '' li'nsinf.irrti
gauc vpp the ghost : others ended their hatefull life. But such as were of a stronger cour.i-^o, sy.lu,""'"
vpon hope of recoucring liberty, desired rather to Hue. Many of these, pcraducnturc liu;
wisest, if they had opportunity to escape, went vnto the more northerly partes of Ilispnnioli,
from whence, the winds blew from their country, so that they might see the North pole a farrc
of: 'here, stretching out their amies, and with open mouth, they seemed to desire tosucke in
their country breath by feiehing of their wind, and ni;my of them, breath fayling, fainting
through hunger, fellc downe dead. One of these more desirous of life, being a carpenter,
and built houses in his counlric (although they w.nit Iron, and Steele, yet hauc they a\ci, but
made of stone, and other instrutnels and tooles, for that purpose) tookc vppon him a hard
and difficult price «>f workc, to bee l)eieeiicd. llec cut of the body of the tree laruma, and Amoiun. 5
scraping out the pith, made it empty, and hollow, hcc stiiflTcd it with the graine Maizium, and°,,"mi!,'nof»-i
gourdes filled with water, and kept a little witiiout, forprouiNicm of victuall, and so <ilioJi"'i'J»'*u"^-
and stopped cythrr front or endc of the tree, and casting the bcame into the sea, gate vp
vpon it, and admittcth another man, and a woman skilful in swimming, wlio were of iiis
kindred, and affinity, and with oares they driue the raft towardcs thtir country. This mise-
rable man began that excellent inucntion vnluckily, about some 200. miles of, they light on
a shippe returning from Chichura, whereof wee will speakc in his j)ro])cr pl.nce : the
Spaniardes draw the mournefiill prav into the shippe, brought the bcame to Hispaniola, for a
witnes and proofc of so »>trange a thing, and vsed that miserable store which was piled and
heaped \p: many men ofauthoritic say, they both saw the beame of timber, and spoke with
the Architect of tii.it frame, & deuise : wc hauc now spoken sufficiently of the tree laruma,
and the circumstances thereof. 'Ihere is another tree very like vnto a Pomegranate tree, &
no bigger, but more full of Kaiies, of the fruit thereof, they yceld no reason, of the barke
which is taken from the tree, (.is the corke tree which i-i rinded eucry ycere to make slip|)ers,
and yet withercth not, nor dieth, or ceascth to beare fruit as is reported also of the Cynanio oi,,n.i,i.
tree) almost incredil)lc things arc spoken: yet I beleeue them who bitt, and tasted the barke 01 th/birkecf
brought from ninpaniola where this tree also groweth eucry where, of the fruite whereof I .sent ct'i'tm'c'urJ
to Ascanius .Sfdriia your vncle, when Coloniis the first discouerer of these tractes and coastcs, »""(:«•
returning from his first voyage and nanigaiion, made mec partaker of manv strann'.,'C thinij-!.
In the ende of the second Chapter of my first Decade, your Exccllencie shall fnidc mention
made hecrcof: that barke resembleth the taste or xmacke of Cyn.imon, the bittcrnes or biting
of Ginger, and the sweete smell, and odour of Clones. Out of our duliiesse, wee s.'ckc
stmnge spices, which we "houKl not want, if such as commonly grow in our llandes, were in
vsc, and request: as without doubt tlicy wilbe hccreafter. The cruell and vnsatiable AunsK:i
hiinf^er of gold, hath violently transported the minds of the Spaniardes to the oneiv iouo'"'"'
thereof: other things being contnnned, although worthily precious, and profitable, are rc-
icctcd as vile, & contemptible. Hehoid, what I report of our pepper, sent to Ascanius to- I'nr'
gethcr with tiic rest, which like mallowcs and nettles with vs, groweth euery where in gnat
plenty, which bejig bruised, & stamped, and the bread being infused, and mingled wiih
w.iler, all the IIa:)ilirs eale, wiiereof they say there arc fine kindcs. This pepper is hotter
then the Malab.iri.m and Caucasean pepper, & where twenty graines of Malabarian and
('.mcascan pepper would not siilliec, tine of these are enough, and they make the lle^lic
p.ilt.niic of these line more sweete, and lU-licatc, then of those twentie. The niadnes of
mankinde is so great, that what things he obtayncth with more difficultv, hcc thinkcth them
to he more sweet, and prijdtabh-. I'hi-i tree is t.imous onely for the barke, it scndeth forlh
form.iny fiirlonjres, saiiorv, and pleasing smelles, and refreshing s;uiours, it rcachcth out his
broad bou'^hes, and in the hicai.ni Ila:ids, it is very common. .So great a multitude of
DdiiesbniKle their nests among the bmighes thereof, that of the ne\t borderers the Biini.ii a Dour, huUi.nt
great Hand, and the Inhabitantes of the countrie of Florida, passing ouer thither to citch '"'""•

Doues,

! ■" f>.

hi* I ^i )•'

If'- ft

1 ..'I , 1

it-f':" : I

4(X»

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

Tlie seuenlh Decade.

Thf h<«uiy of
till- women oC

luCilll'

Thr clffre tt
ipr.:t<l<le hil>it
01 n:i:J'-.,

Doues, carry away whole xhippei laden with their young : their woods are Tull of wild vinei

clitning vp the trees a* wee haue else where sayde of the wooddn of Ilispaniola. They

nnirmc that the women of Iticnia were so fairc that many Inhabitants of the bordering countries

iiilurcd through their beauty, forsaking, & Icuuing their owne priuatc houses, chose that for

their country, for loue of them. Wherefore they say that many of the lucaian Hands, line

after a more ciuill manner, then in those countries which arc further distant from Florida,

and Biinini, more ciuill countries. It is n pleasant thing to hcarc how the women behaiic

tlicm in attyring thcmsclues: for the men goe naked, but when they make warre, or vpou

siilcmnc holy daics giuc themsclucs to daunting, and tripping, and then for elegancy, and

ornament they put on garments of diuers coloured feathers, and tufts, or plumes of feathers,

'J"hc women while their childish yceres continue, before the pollution of their Menstrua,

wearc notliing at all. But after that, they couer their priuitics with small meshed netts of

bombasine cotton, wherein they put ccrtainc leaues of herbes. When the Menstnia begin

to come, as if she were to bee brought to a man to he married, the parents inuitu the ncigj).

hours to a banquet, and v^e all signcs, and tokens of io) fulnes, and while they be marri.ige.

able, tliey couer no other parte at all. But being defluwrcd, they wearc breeches down in

the knee, made of diuers stitle, and tough herbes, or of bombasine cotton, which naturally

growrtli there, of which they drawe thrids and spinne, and sewe, and weaue them in ;

aliliougli they bee naked, yet for ornament of their beddes, and nrccssitic of their haiigiii.T

cabbiiis, they make sheeles or coucrlets, which they call Amacas. Tiiey haue Kings whom they

Cull oWifr.ti^o reuerently obey, that if the King commaund any to Icapc dowiic headlong from an higli

'*j tcj." n. " rocke, or top of any steepc hill, allcadging no other reason, but I command you to cast Vdur

sclle downc, he cxcrutcth the cominandeincnt of the King without delay, but within what

bounds the regall authority is included, it is a sarred thing to be heard. The King hath no

The kings cue. other care, but of the scede time, hunting, and fishing. Whatsoeucr is sowed, planted,

fished, hunted, or effected by other artcs, is done by the kings comiiUiKicment : so that at

his pleasure he diuideth these excerciscs and imployments man by man. The fruitcs bein"

gathered, are stored and layd vp in the Kings g.irncrs: and from ,'hence, to the vse

of the peoj>Ic, are diiiided to cuery one according to their families, ail the yeerc long.

The King therefore .is the king of Bees, is the distributor, and stcwaiU of his (lotkc, and

people. They had the golden age, mine, and thine, the seedcs of discord, were farre rc-

moued from them : the rest of the yeere from seede time, & haruest, they gaue ihemselucs

to tennis, dancing, hunting, and fishing : concerning iudiciall courts of lusticc, suits of law,

& wrangling, and brawling among neighbours, there is no mention at all. The will &

pleasure of the King was accounted for i law. The like wasobserucd in the other Hands, in

all of them, tliey were contented with a little: they find a certaine kind of pre<ious stone

Of ctniine pre- vudcr the Water, among the redd shellish, greatly esttc i "d of the, which thcv brinij hancin?

founiin ihcifiihat thcir earcs. But they haue another more precious orf ol the great sea snailcs, whose (Usli

»miiM»n.iici. i^ dainty mcate, thev linde rcdde translucidc llaiiiing stones in the braine of euery .Sea snaile:

surh as haue scene any of them, say, they arc no worse then the redd Carbuncle, comonlv

<alled thcHubie: they call the shelfishc it selfc (-ohobus, and the stones thereof they call

C"nhil)ici. They gather also bright and cleere stones vpon the land, of a yeallow, & blackc

colour, of these, they bring chaines, it lewels for ornanu-t of the amies, netkes, and leggcs

although they went naked, when they were lucnians. I will now speake oi' the situation ol

their coiitric, and shortly touch their mine and oucrthrowc.

The second Chapter.

The luciis lup. oVr menn suppose by coniecturc that the lucaiic were sometimes ioyned to the rest of the
JXeti'rnti'ioy!. ureal Ilaiules, and that their aiinccstors so thoiiglit, the Inhabitantcs themsclucs plaiiiely (on-
td 10 iht test of fp^^P Uiit throujih violence of tcmpestts the earth beeing by little and little swallowcil

thrgreit lUndcl. , , ■ • , , i /- , i i .. - • i i > i

The Mcsiji.f- vppc< 'hey were diiiided each Iroin the other, the Sea coming bctweene them, as Authors are
sun straight be. of opinion Concerning the Messanensian straight, diuiding Sicilia from Italia, which in limes
I*"" *'"''"'"* past ioyned together. Wcc sec, and that ciicry where, that land ariseth in many plates, and

dayly

The gnlJen .iff.

Thf kings
plcjtute J law,

cuenth Decade.

11 of wild vine*
ipaniola. They
kring countrie»
chose that Tor
lian Ilandit, liue
It rrom Florida,
women bchauc
viarre, or vpou
r elegancy, and
imes of feather*,
their Menstrua,
meiihed netts ol"
Menstrua bpRni
inuitc the neigh-
hey be marriage-
breeches down to
I, which naturally
wcaue them in :
of tlieir haiigiiis
! Kings whom they
ong from an high
d you to oast your
, but within what
Ihc King hath no
;s sowed, planted,
iemcnl : »o that at
The fruites bein^
! hence, to the vse
1 the ycerc long.
of his flockc, and
:ord, were farrc rc-
ey gaue tliemseluc*
usticc, Biiit* of la^^.
at all. The will &
the other Hands, in
i of pre«ioiii stone
thev bring hanging
I snailcs, whose lloli
of cuery !>ia snailc :
Carbuncle, comonlv
lies thereof they call
a yeallow, & blacke
nctkes, and loggc>,
of the situation ol

ncd to the rest of tlio
mselucb plaiiicly con-
and little »wallo\>cil
! them, as Authors are
Italia, which in times
1 in many plates, and
dayly

Tht stuenth Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIE^

407

dayly increaieth and driueth backe the Sea, as appeareth by the cities Rauen and
Patauium, which had the Sea nccre vnto them, but now farre remotted : ind that the ^vk i*
now in many place*, where land was wont to be. By a present Mimilitude therefore wt may
make coniectures of things abHcnt. They report that the greatest part of these Hands w«ie
Hometimcs most happy and blessed with diners commodities, and profits arising out of the
earth, I say they nauc been, because at this present they arc desolate and forsaken, as shal
be rcmembrcd in his place. They say that cuery one of the lucaian Hands are from lU. to
40. miles in circuit about, & that ther is none greater, as wc reade of the Strophadcs, &
Symplegades of our Sea, assigned to the exiled Romans, with Giara, Seriphiis, & many smal
Hands besides. IJut they con fesse these were sometimes filled with inhabitants, yet nowe Theiuciim
desolate, for that they say, from the thickc hcapc thereof the miserable Handera were brought "/popuuJld'by
to the grieuous seniice and labour of the gold mines of Ilispaniola, and Fernandina so that spmuh lyKmiy.
the inhabitauntes thereof fayled, about some tweliie hundred thousande men being wasted
and consumed, both through diuers disctses, and famine : as also through too much excessiue
labour and toylp. It grciueth mce to report these thinges, but I must spcake truth : yet the
lucaians were afterward auengcd for their destruction, by slaughtering them who violently
carryed the away, as in my former Decades I mentioned at large. Through the desire there- Momohomini
fore of hauing the lucaians, after the mancr of hunters who pursue wilde beastes through the iXMH^ih?
woodesof the mountaines, and marish grounds, so ccrtainc Spaniardcs in 3. barkes built at hum for menu
the charge of scuen men, passed oner sea three yccres since, out of the towne called the '"""'■
Uatieii of Plate, situate on that side of Ilispaniola, which looketh towardes the North, to the »-j|^'p« '«<"»«">
lucaian Ilandes to take men. Although I now write these thinges, yet was I requested by
Cainilliis Gilinus, to search out some thinges (not yet published) out of the printers presses
concerning these discoueries, to bee directed to your Excellcncie. They therefore went,
and diligently searched all these Ilandrs, but found no pray, because their bordering neigh-
bours, hauing thoroughly searched the, had wasted, and depopulated them long before.
And least their consortes should deride them, if they returned empty to Ilispaniola, they
directed their course to the North of Charles wayne. Many say they lyed, who
saydc they chose that way of their owne accorde, but they afTirme by a suddaine tempest
arising, and continuing for the spare of two dayes, they were violently carried within the
view of that lande, which wee will describe, hauing scene an high Promontorie a farre ofT.
When our men made to the shoare, the Inhabitauntes .astonished at the miracle and strangnes Thf Bathiriim
thereof, thought some monster came vnto them, because they want the vse of shipping: at """"''.d at ibf
the first through the grecdic desire ofgasing, they rimnc flocking together in troopes vnto anT'h^rpci'fiT"'
the shoare, and presently (our menne landing with their boates) they all fleddc away swifter '"'y'
then the windc, and left the shoare desolate : our menne pursue them h.nstinge aw.ny. Cer- The spani.r.ti
tavne more swiftc and nimble youngc menne goe bcefore the Troopp, who making more r.'"in'&'4 """
spccde, tookr two of them, a man, and a woman, who ranne more slowly then the rest, and «""""» i"'i ^p-
hrinfjcth them to the ships, apparelleth them, & let them go. Perswaded through that libe- '"""""'"•
ralitie, the inhabitants fill the shoares againe. Their King also vnderstanding how bountifully Mm cif-ihed m
our men had dealt with them, and beholding the strange, and costly garments neuer scene '"""*'""'•
before, for that they cloth ihemselues with the skins of Lyons or other beasts for the most
part, sent fifty of his family vnto our men, laden with their country prouision. And whC- Thr b,rtarou,
ihcv rame a land, hec friendly and honourably receiued them, and bccing desirous to see the ("^^f Jf'',i,''J7
luunlrey neere liicre .nbouts, gaue them guides and companions to conduct them. Where- ">' if""- «> v
soeucrthey went, the inhabitauntes of the kingdome came woondering forth vnto them with [hj"'"* ""'""
presents as it were vnto the Godds which are to be adored, especially when they saw them
bearded men, and clothed with linnen and silken garments. But what ? The Spanyardes at rh- ir«iifry ot
length violated the fidelitic of hospitalitie. For by craft, and diuers subtill deuises, after they lt,dni'Kv''"cd
hadd diligently searched out all, they practised, that on a day many of them should conic "■"»>'i"!'"'-
together to sec the shippes, so that the shippes were filled with beholders: and as sooiie as '"'""'"''''"'""
ihry had them full of men and women, weying ancor, and hoysing sayle, they brought them
away mourning into scruitude. So of fricndes, they left all those countries enemies, and of

peaceable

*■ ».

|.i M

• •. ♦

■'V

km -

14 J

ifi I'f't

408

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The $euenth Dteadt.

I'uniiliiX

«if ii'.f n.it

pracenblc men, iniirh dinfjiiiclrd, and ditcoiirrnlcd, haiiin;( tnkcn the children fVom ihc
J?'".'i!.'r'.'* *' !«•'''"'■. and ihc lui«l)aiuU (roin tlicir wiiir-*. Hut of fhone two •hippr«, one oncly eicapeij,
AiMiKifihiiin. the other wa< neuiT any inort Mcnic: they ronicctiiro it was drowned with the Riiiliy ami
i;;"-,;,,|j'',"';[,,^>!iiiltlc», bcccannc it win an oMo Hhippc That npoylc wat very onVn^iuc and RrciuoiiH in
the Senate of IliNpaiiiohi, yet they lift them vnpuiiiHhrd. And hailing ronMihed to Hemic
the booty backo ajraine, iiotliin;; w.h put in excrution, the dilliruity of the matter bcin,.
obscrucd, especially that one w;w hist. I learned cerfaine narlicular'* of theiic thin^cn, of a
wi^e man Hkilfiil! in the law, a pric-tt, called HatialariiH Aliiaru* a Catttro. Thin iVicit. (,w
bin learning, and honest behauimir wan made a Diane of the Priory of the Conception In
lli-paniola, who bccinK Virar, and Inquisitor also of hercsie I may giue the better crcdjic
vnto him in these thinges. As I'liny in the desiription of Taprobana, the dominion df
Claudius, luMriu); of the r.imc of ihc Unmans, saiih that hce must giuc credit to the KnihaH.
Mdoiir, called Hachia sent I'liini that King with three companion*, no I also in these thin^ci
wliercof I dmilit, fjiue cr<-(lit to men ol authority. This Vciciit also sayth, that after djufr^
• Dinplninls of iIkwc rauishcs, that the women brought from thence were apparellcil will,
the .-kinMCs of Lyons, and the men witli the skinnen of other wild beasles whatsoeurr.
lice >a\ih, those kinde of men are white, and exceede the Matute of conunon men. Ami
beeinjj; let j;oe at liberiie, he sayih they were found amoiij; the dunj{hi!les bctwceni- il,i.
tri'iu'Iics before the waiies seeking the rotten carion of dojtjjes, nnd Asseii to eate, and ;ii
Icni^lii till- ^ircafest part of ihcin died through urcile, and anjjuish of mimic: the rest ilia,
remayncd, wire «li>tribu»cd anjonj; the (Mtti/ens of IIis|)aniola, to vsc them at their pk:|.
sure, eyiher at home, or in tlie gold-mines, or tillage of the j^munde. Now let vs r«-turiif
to llicir counfrv, vlience wee diprcHsed: or to the Hacchalaos, dixcoiicred twenty >i\c
yecrcs since from lvnj;land by Cabotus, or Ikicclialais, whereof wee liaiic else where spiikm
at lar};e, I suppose those countries iovne toj;cthcr. I am therefore to speake iu)W o( tlun-
celestiall situation, ceremonies of Ilclininn, prihits ami commodities of the countric, and
of the manners and customes of tlie people. They aflirme, that they lie vniUr the >:iiiu.
altitude of Dey;rces, and the same parrallels, viider which Andaluzia of Spaine lycili.
They throughly searched the cheile ('duntrics Chicora, and Diihare in fcwe dayes spaip,
and many of them liirrc c\te'i<leii into the Kinde ioyning touelher, where they cast aiir r,
■fhey say, .he Chiconmc^ are halfe s\*art or lawiiic, as our husbandmen are, burnt and
tanned with the sumnn r Sun. The men nourish their blacke haire ilowne to tlie girdle
and the women in longer traces round al)out them, both sexes tie vp their havre. Thry are
beardlcsse : whether by nature, or by arte by ap|)!ying some kinde of medicine, df
whethir they plu( ke of tlieir iiayre like the peojjle of feiui-titan, it rcmaineth doiilnriill
howsocuer it lice, they are delighted to shcwe themsclues smooth. I i ite anotlier witiic..r
of Icxsc authorilv among the laiiie, tlicn that Deane among tlie Clcrgie: his name i<. I. tun
•'"■"^"T"" Vasquez Ai''iioniis a Mremi.ite, a Cilti/i-n «)r Toledo, and one of the Se.ialniirs ,\

A LHonul. If.,* r t t r t I* 11- ■*

Ilispaniola, partner ol the charge of those two ^hippes : who being sent Procuratnr fn m
Hispaniola came vnto our Senate of the aflhyres of India, and bath beciie a long ••inicr to
haue leaiie to depart againe vnto those Coimtrycs, to biiildi' a Colnny there. lie Ijmnrlf
one of the Chicor-^r^es with him (which were brought thither) to waite \pon him, whcmi,
being baptised he f.iiicd Francis, and gauc him the surname of CiuKira, of his njtiiic
Countrey. While he stayed foilowing his airivres, I sometimes hadd both Aigii.Hiii>. tie
maistcr, and Chicora his seruant mv guests. This Chicorane is no dull wilted fellow, in r
mcaneiy wise, and hath learned the Spmi-h trngue indillerentlv well. Such thills thvtc
as Aiglianus himsclfe the Licentiate shewed vnto me set downe in writing by repnrt ol lis
fellowes, and which the Chicocinc by worde of month confessed (very strange .niil
admirable) I will hecre recite. Let cuerv one diminish or adfle to the credit of the iliin;:i .
I will report, according to his inclination. Lniiv is a naliirall plague bred in mankind,
which ncuer ceaseth to scratch, and compelleth to seekc brambles in other mens l\M<,
although they be very ileane. This inrectious disease cheiflv raigncth in them, who are
dull witted, or exceeding wite, who like vnprolitablc burthens of the earth haue le,id .in

idle

ot ihf rt.i.o-

t.itHM, thrir
m.nincn ind
iuKjoui.

A ChicrraM

chiiitenrU

Francis

Ul VCJtUC.

itiitnth DteacU.

The ifuenlh liccade.

TnAFFIQUES. AND DISrOUERlF.S.

idle an«l nloiithftfll life, without the Htmly of Icarninji;. Lrauing Cliirora tlicrrforr, they
went vnio the -ihcr niilc of that Bay, ami tookc the Country called Uuharhr : Aimlianutl
wyth the liihiibiiant<» thereof arc wnite, which aUo Franci'tcun the tawny Chic oranc with !
callow long hayrL' dowiic to the ancloH, afHrmeth. These people haue a King of a jjyant

400

ihthlltMi

ciiuiitry
<r< ohiut

or Dtiht ihcli
'tut likf kiiif.

ike ttlalure, nnd hcighih, called Daiha, and they !«ay, that the (lueene Win wife, \» not'"
much ithorler th»Mi himitelfe. They haue line nonne* borne of them both : in Mteedc of '
hontci the KJii>^ VNCih tail young menn, who carry him on their Mhoiildem running to and
fro, to the places and lid^iiiigcn hce de<ircth. ^ Hrcrc diuem reporter-* compelled mcc to
doulif, CNpecially the Dc.irie, and Aiglianu*, nor did Francis the Chicoranc who was
prencnt, Irpe vji from that C(iiitrourr!4ie. If I sthall bee demaunded what I thinke, I Nhould
not HuppoNC "•lat NO barbar UM, and vnciuill a nation hath any hontes. Thrrc i^ another
country neerc rilo thix, called Xapida. Thi-*, they xay, ingcndrcth pearler, and another Xi|.ij»«h"»
kinde of prei i lUt iitonc of the eartli, which they highly r«teome, much like \ nto a pearle, '" •""'"•
In all the countricM which they pasucd through, arc Ticarde* of Deere, .is of oxen with v«4 : "J ^j",''.ii'/'
they faune at home, and rcare them at home, and being looked they wander through the •»""••"«''
woods a« long as li;^ht laslclh, Kceking pasture, and at euening they returne to visite their I',„„'")|,j||„
young, kept in the house, and suffer ihemsehtes to bee ithuttc vpii within pennes, (andindch«»
nauing fedd their yong) to be milked. They haue no other milkc, or checne made of ™'''J'J|'|'^'^^
other milke. They nourish many kindes of foule to bee fatted, as henns, ducks, geese,
and such like. Their bread is made of Mai/ium, as with the Ilanders; but they haue not
the roote lucca, whereof t'azabi is made which is the food of the Nobility. The <;rainc A kindnfcotn
\faizium is very like to our I'anick of lusiibria, but in blgnes equallcth the pulse of pease: " ' " ''
they sowe also another kinde of cortie, called Xathi, they suppose it to bee Miliimi or
Miflet : nor doc they ceriaincly alBrmc it, especially, because few of the Castellanes
understand what milium is, seeing they neuer sowe it in Castile. They haue some kinds
of Batatas, but very little. Batatas are rootes to bee eaten, as radishes, cariots, parsnepps, J*^J^"» '"'
turnepps, and rape rootes with vs: of these, and lucca, and the rest seruing for foode, I
haue abundantly spoken in my former Decades. They name many other countries, which
they thinke to bee vnder the goucrnement of one and the same King: Hitha, Xamunambe, HhIu, Xjmu.
Tihe. In this country they make report of a priestly attire dilTering from the people, and a prieliiy o'dtr.
they are accounted for priests, and are had in great reuerencc by the other bordering coun-
tries. The inhabitants heereof cut their haire, leaning onely two curled locks hanging '^"' '"'"•(*
downe from their temples, which they tye vnder their chinnes. When (.as the pestilent cultomf)h«fe
fustome among men is) they go forth to warre against the bortlcrers, either parly sendeth'"'"-
for them to the campe, !iot that they shoulde fight, but to be present at the battailc. Nnw
when they arc ready to come to handy strokes, & to incouter, they compasse them al
(lilting, driving along vpon the groimd, & welt and besprinkle them with the iuice (>( a .rrtmony („i
crrtam herbs chewed \V their teeth: (as our priests going to diuine seniice, sprinkle the ,i,„rt,ri.it'i)
people with a wett bough or branch) which ceremony performed, ihey suddenly sally I'orih, ',',",'',''|,''|^,'| ''"
iit inu.ide the enemy. But they are left to guard the campe. The tight & cuflici being «!".'''
cmlod, they <ure aswell wounded enemies, as frends without any dillierencc at all &
cirefully apply themselues to bury the dead corses of the slaine. These people eate not
mans (Icsh: the con(iiierors haue those that arc taken in battaile for their bond.slaue*.
The .S|)aiii.irdes irauailed ihroui-h many Countries of tliat greate Prouince, whereof they J]' "''''jY'""
named these: .\rainbe, (iuacaia, Qiiohalhe, Tanzacca, I'ahor, the Inhabilaunles of all Arimi'., i;!,,.
wliiih are somewhat lawny and swart. None of them haue anv Idlers, l-.ul an hjeredilarv V.l',','"^!'!'""'"'
mcmorie of anii<|iiilies Icl'l thcin from their ancestors, which ihev celebrate, & solemni/r i'ih..r.
in rimes, and sonj;es. They exercise dauncing and skippinj;, and are delighted with llic /j',,',',"!".',"'"
|)!av of the ball, wherein they are very nimble & skilfull. The women sewe, and spinno, HiMfUMimc-?
and although for the most part ihey are clothed with the skinnes of wiidc l)e;isie.s, jj-t '"'''"'"
haue they (iosainpinc cotton, wliich our Insuber called Bombasine, and they make ihrceiU- iiifirtirrfdr
III' the inner rindes of (crlaine tough herbcs, suche as hempe or flaxe is with vs. Tliere ",|,'„' „'„jj'
is another C'ounlry tailed In/.ignanin. The Inhabitauntes by report of their nuiiccsiors''f ''"'>"
vol.. V. 3 (} ^av,

li „

;i:

!i-

i !

- 1'

T I

? (

!■!

li!'

miiimL

I' . J ''I f\i 'm

I 'I i1 J M' R

M -9

410

A fahuloui
tradition of
men with lonj
tjyics.

Where Kingei

Pjll.icfs are
homiiiifd AS

Adoration of
iinsgps A' their
mailer therein.

Offering to
Ima^et.

T'leir emuUuon
111 giu-:it.

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, 'Jite seuenth Decade.

say, that a people as fall as the length of a mans armc, with tayirs of a spannc lone
sometimes arriued there, brought thither by Sea, which taylc was not moiieabic or wauer-
ing, as in foure footed beastcs, but solide, broad abouc, and sharpc beneath, as wee see
in fishes, and Crocodiles, and extended into a bony hardnes. Wherefore, when thcv
desired to sitt, they vsed seates with holes through them, or wanting them, digged vpp ii,p
earth a spanne dcepe, or little more, they must conuay their taylc into the hole when fhey
rest them : they fabulously rcporte that that nation hadd fingers as broade as they were
long, and that their skinne was rough, and almost scaly. And that they were accustomed
onely to eate rawe fish, which fayling, they say all dyed, ai'd that they left no posicritv of
them behind them. They reporte, these, and many such idle vaine thinges were left them
by tradition from their grandefathers, and parents. Now let vs come vnto their religious
rites and ceremonies.

The third Chapter.

THey want Temples, so that Kinges Pallaces are honoured of them as Churches: where-
of they bring one example: wee sayd that in the Prouince Duhare, there is a Gyant Kirvr
called Datha: in whose stone Court (for other houses are built of slender timber, and
coiicred with rccde orgrasse) they found two Images male, and female, of the bigncs of
a childe of three yeres old, which they call by one name Inamahari. In this pallace there is
a receit for Images. They are scene twise euery ycere, once in the time of sowing, tliat
the secde time may be well, and happily begun, and prosperously succeede, they deuotuly
pray: the second time, concerning the fruits of the haruest, in thanksgiuing if it fell om
well, if otherwise, that they may more luckily succeede, & that aswaging tlieir anger, ihe
gods would carry themselues more peaceably towardes them the next ycere. The Iult^i.^
are carryed forth with solemne pompe, and frequent concourse of tiie people: but alter
what manner, it will not bee vnfit to bee heard. The night before the holy day of ado-
ration, the King himselfc, hauing his bedd made in the Images chamber, sleepeih before
the Images. The day beginning to appeare, the people run vnto him. The King hiinsclfe
bringeth the Images ni his amies dose vnto his breast; and shcweth them on high vnto the
people, which Images together with the King, the people kneeling or prostrate on the
ground with reuerent trebling and feare, and loude voyces, salute. Then presently the
King departing, bindeth them to the breasts of two old men of approued authoriiv, wiili
linnen clothes after their manner fairely wrought of cotton. They bring them out dc(kid
with garments of feathers of diuers colours, and accompany them vnto the open lielde with
hymncs, and songs, or with dauncing and skipping of young men and maidens. And at
that time it is not lawfull for any to stay at home, or to bee else where: not onely hee who
should bee absent shoulde be taxed with the sinne and fault of heresie, but also hee who
should exercise this ceremony coldly, or disorderedlv. The men accompany them the
whole day, and the women all the night long with the Images, shewing all signes of iov-
fullnesse, and argumenrs of adoration, sicepe not at all. And lastly, the next day, thev
are carryed back againc vnto the Pallare after the same order that they were brought fortli.
Thus much be spoken concerning their Images, from which they tiiiuke they shall obtainc
fertilitie of the ficldes, health of their bodies, and peace, or victory if they be in battavlc,
if they rcuerently and rightly sacrifice vnto them. They sacrifii c as they did in old (imc,
with cakes made of come: and thev thinke their prayers shall be heard for the incrc.ise and
fruites of the field, especially i.'" they be mingled with teares. There is another holy day
euery vccre, wherein they place a rude wooden statue, or Image in the field, vpon an hiyh
pole fastened in the earth, accompanied with the same traine that the former were, iV-
hauing pitched lesser stakes, they goc about the former grcate pole. And vpon the^c st.ikcs
the people (euery one according to his ability ) hang gifts of diuers sorts vnto the Moll,
which at night the nobles diuidc among them, as our priests doe the cakes or waters which
women oiler, or other giftes whatsoeuer. He that bestowcth the best oblations vpon the
Idol, is accounted more honorable. Witnesses stand by to receiuc them, in steed ot

Notaries,

'!^^>. y ,1

t 1

i<i

seuenth Decade.

Tlie seuenth Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

411

Notaries, who (when the holy ceremonies are ended) recite what eucry one hath giiien.
Moucd through that ambition, neighbour striiieth earnestly to exceede neighbour. From
Sunne rising vntili the Euening, they leapc, and skip about the Idoll with much shouting,
& clapping of hands for ioy, and in the first twilight of the night, hauing taken it from
the pole, if they bee borderers vppon the Sea, they throw it headlong into the Sea, if of the o miserable goj
Hiucrs, they drownc it in the riucrs, and it is no more scene, so that euery yeere they '.''"j'rt'lnd thin
make a new one. They haue a third festiuall day, wherein hauing taken the bones of a '» 'i">wned.
ccrtainc old dead corse out of the graue, they erect a wodden pauillion in the field, after
the maner of a tent. But the tpp being open, that they may behold heauen, laying a
floorc of boordes in the middle space of the pauillion, they sett vpp the bones which they
had taken out of the earth. Women only stand about them mourning, and euery one of
them according to their wealth and abilitic oiler answerable giftes. The next day, "they are
carrved backe againe vnto the graue, and are accounted for an holy rclique: the bones
being buried, or readic to be Li'.icd, the chiefe priest playing the parte of an Orator, out
of a pulpit in the middest of the throng of people standing round about, prcacheth and dis-
coun.eth many thinges of the prayse of the dead, and then presently, more of the im- Their con«it of
mortality of the Soulc, and lastly whether they goe. They say that they first goe fi'/X";;,""'!',;
to the colde Norlhorne partes, and to the countryes congealed wifh snow, and "'"i «i>iiher it
are expiated and purged with a King (who is Lorde of all the earth) called^"''
Matcczungua: and after that, they turne another way to the South countryes, vnto the
iurisdiction and dominion of another great Prince called Quexuga, who being milde and
bountifull, yet lame, ofTcreth them a thousande delightes and pleasures: where they per-
swadc the people, the soulcs inioy cternall delightes, among the dancings, and songes of
young maidens, and among the embracementes of their children, and whatsoeuer they loued
hecretj>rore, they babble also there, that such as growe olde, wa.ce young againe, so that all
are of like yeores full «)f ioy and mirth. These thinges are deliuered by worde of mouth
and tradition from the Elders to the younger, for a most sacred and true hystorie, insomuch
as ho who but seemed to thinke otherwise, shoulde bee thrust out of the society of mcnne.
They thinke also that men Hue vppon the wheele or orbes of the heauens, and make no doubt
of the Antipodes. They beleeue there arc Godds in the Sea, and boldely play the children
as lying Grtcia did, who fable of the Nereiades, and Sea (iodds, Glaucus, Phorcus, and the
rest. These tliingcs thus ended by a sermon, hee seemeth to purge the people departing,
and absolue them from their sinnes, applying the fume of certayne herbes vnto their nostrils, The pri«tih.
breathing and l)lowing vpon them, and whisperingc somewhat vnto them, llecreiippon 1°,,",^^.""'"'
the peo[)le returnehome ioyfully, beleeuing that the fained deuises of that cosening deceiuer
are profitable not onely for the ease and comfort of the soule, but also for their bodily health.
They also beguile the ignorant and sottish csmmon people with another deceit, their cheife Ai>oiiicyvitd.ii
Prince dying, remouing all witnesses from him when hee is readie to giue vpp the ghost, Iijj',h.'' '""
thev stand about him, and by their subtill deuises secretly fainc. that when his last breath
issucth out, sparkle- of fire, & hot imbers come forth, as frO firebrands shaked, newly taken
out of the burning fire, or from sulphury papers cast vpon high for sport and piistime. These
counterfeit the dauiicing and skipping Hocbuckes, or wililc goates, which the people suppose
to bo shooting st.irres, running hither .ind thitlier in the ayre, and presently vanish : for at
what lime hie yciidcth vp the ghost, that sparkling (lame ariselh vp with a horril)lc crackc,
three urines Icnuths high, tV: there vanisheth : that flame they salute for the soule of the dead,
and giue it the last farewell, and accompany tiie same with lamentations., teares, and howlinges,
bccing so |,crs\%ailed, tliey thinke it is departed vnto llcaiiin. Lastly w.iyling, and weeping
they carry the dead cor>e to the graue. It is not lawfuil for widdowes to marry any more, i('widJowf«iitrie
the hu>l>and dyed a natnrall death, but if he were put to death by sentence of the ludge ""J,,'',','',!J1."'''
she hath liberty to marrv. This nation loiii th clia.stitie in women, and liatefh lewde and dis- '»■»''""'*''"■ ^
honest women, and banisheth them from the company Sc society of the chast. Princes arech.',','t',ticiii'wo-
pcrmiiicd to haue two wines, the coininnn people l)ul one onely. The men diligently apply ■"•"•
thcmselues tu mechanical! arts, cheifly to the Carpenters trade, and dressing of wilde beasts

3 G a2 skinnes:

i I'

i' i i.'Mi

■ i; ' '•

\f I"

M '

•i

lil

I i

iii

41t

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tlie seuenth Decade.

ji I. I t "' Hi

Mill-

V?i

tfj

! 4

!;■

■I

. 1

■. ' t

( ;

1 :

(

1 1 1

lulliir

{

Their diuiiion of
the jeere the
tame with ours.
Theeucsand
roMwrs seiiercly
punished.
Novse heere of
deadly and
damned money.
Their sportl.

Keuerscured
with the iuyceuf
herbcs.

Chullrr eipelird
with the hcrbe
Guacu.
There is rather

no want, in the
want of super-
fiuitic.
Naturapaucis.

Their rldiculoul
salutation of
their piince.

A maniclou!
'eporte.

skinnes: the women areappoynted to exercise the diiitafrc, spindle and needle. They dj.
uide the yeere into twcliie mooncs, and they haue magistrates in these countries for exe-
cution of lustice. They punnishe wicked and mischeiuous malefactors, with seucre iudgc-
ment, especially thecucs and robbers. Their kings are gyantj, whereof I haue already made
mention : and all those countries are tributarie. Euery one of them pay tribute of their
profits, and rcuenucs, and beccausc they are not cumbred with deadly and damned money,
they trade each with other by bartering, and changing their commodities. These people
are also delighted with sports and pastimes, especially with the play of the ball, or tennis,
and also with topps or giggs driuen vpon tables, as likewifte in shooting their arrowes at a
marke. Their nightly lightes are torches, and oyle of diuers fruifes, although they plant
oliue trees. They are delighted in feasting one another: and line long: and olde age is
strong in them. They easily cure feuers with the iuyce of herbes, and easily heale woundes,
so thev be curable, thty haue, and know many kinds of wholsome herbes, if any pcrcciiic
himselfc oppressed with sharp choUcr, drinking the iuyce of a certaine common hcrbe called
Guacum, or eating the same hcrbe, hee vomiteth choller, & shortly recouereth health. And
they vse no other kind of medicine, or will haue any other phisitions, then experienced olde
women, or priesfes skilfull in the vertues of secrete licrbes. They also want our wanton su-
perfluities, and hauing not Arabian odours, perfumes, and strange spices, contenting ihem-
selues with such things as naturally grow in their country, they Hue more cheerefully, Id
better health, and are more lusty, and strong in their old age. They haue small carr tn
please appetite, with diuers and sundry daintic meatcs, little sufTiceth them. They ferucntiv
and zealously adore their gods whatsoeuer, wherof they make choyce. It is a ridiculnus
thing to heare with what gesture the people salute their Princes, and howe the Prince beinir
saluted, intertaineth them, especially the Nobles. The Saluter, in token of rcuerence liftcih
vp both his handes as high as his nose, and then presently stretcheth out his handes to his
forehead, and the forepart of the heade with a certaine shrill screeking bellowing almost like
a Bull. The Prince receiueth the peoples salutation without any signe of courtesie, but an-
swereth the salutation of a Noble man, by bowing downe his heade to his left shoulder, not
speaking a woorde. But your Excellencie shall hcarc an incredible inuention. 1 mentioned
that the chiefc tyrant or lord of those countries, was of a giant-like stature. Aiglionns the
Liceiiciate a graue man, and of authority, (of whom I made mention beefore) as hee had
heard by them who were partners with him in the charge of building the ships, and Fraiiris
his housholde seruant by report of the borderers, being demanded, why he alone and his
wife should attaine to that talnesse and height of body, and none of the people besides, sav,
that this gift is not hereditary vnto the by natu.e, or from their birth, that they shoulde e.v
ceede others by that prerogatiuc: but that it proceedeth from violent art, after this manner:
while the infants are in the cradell, and vnder the breasies of the nurses, the masters of that
art are sent for, who annoint the seueral members of the infant for certaync da) es, with
medicines of certayne hearbes which mollifie the lender bones, so that the bones beinsj pre-
sently ronuerled into the softnesse of hike warme waxe, they so stretch them out in length
often times, that they Icaue the poore miserable infant almost halfe deade, and after ih:it
they feed the nurse with certaine meats of powerfull vertue. Lastly the nurse giueth it the
i)rcst, while it lytth couered in warme clothes, and refresheth and cheereth the infant with
iniike gathered from subslantiall meates: and after some fewe dayes of refreshing, thiyre-
liirne to the dolcfull seruicc of wresting and winding of the bones againe. This Aiglionns,
and Francis his seruat, the Chicorane, rept)rt. But the Deane of the Conception, of whom
I haue made mention before, toldc me that hee heard otherwise (of them who were stolne
away with the shippe which escaped) then Aiglionus his companions told him, both of the
medicines, and art augmenting the body : for he saith, it is not done by wresting of the
l>ones, but eatiig of a ccrlayne stulling meate vcrie nutritiuc, made of diuers hearbes stamped
together fit for that purpose, es|)eci;illv when they begin to growc in yeeres, at what time
nature tendeth to increase, and the meates are turned into flesh, and bones. Surely it is
mjruelous, these thingcs notwithstanding considered, what straunge matters are reported of

the

lenth Decade.

The seuenth Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

413

the vertues of hcarbcH, if their secret power were rightly vnderetood, I shoulde thinkc it

niii(ht be possible. But, tliat itings oncly may lawfully eate thereof, the reason is playne

and easie. He should be accounted guiltie of high treason, who durst presume so much as

to Jast those delicatcs, or wouldc require the order or manner of that Composition of the

makers and deuisers thereof, because he might seeme to desire to compire himselfe with

kinges, for with them, it is an vndtcent thing and without maicsty, that the King shoulde The reason why

not exceede the common stature, who must looke downe from on high (vpon such as come lho'uM",f"ed

vnfo him) by being higher then they, or ouerpeering them. This they gaue vs to vnder-otiKr$ in suture.

stande, and this we signifie. Lctie your Exccllencie giue credite thereto as you please.

Wee haue spoken sufficiently of the ceremonies of their religion, and of tiieir manners and

customes : let vs nowe come to the giftes of wilde nature growing in the fieldes. Wee

haue already spoken of their breade, and sorts of flesh, it now followeth that we speake

somewhat of trees.

The fourth Chapter.

Tllcy founde there growing of their owne nature whole woodes of oake. Pines, and Cy-
])res, and Chcsnutt, & Almond trees, & wild vines blacke, & white, climing vpon the
b(>uj;hes of trees, without the vse of wine pressed from them, for they make drink o diuers vineswUhout
fruitcs. That country also yceldeth figgctrces, and Oliue trees of diuers kinds: and being Jj""*^'^^"'
grafted lecsc their wildnes, as with vs, which without culture would retaine the rude fast of
nature only. They plant orchards or gardens, & abound with diuers sortes of pot hearbes
and arc delighted with greene plattcs of ground or gardens finely manured and dressed.
They also nourish trees in their orchardes. There is a particular tree called Carito, which The tree Cwito.
bringeth fourth a sauory fruitc sequall in bignesse to a small Melon : there is also another
called Guacominc, whichc yceldeth a kinde of fruitc greater then a Quince, they say it is of The tree Cua-
an excellent, and pleasing sent, and very wholesome. They plant and regarde many others '^°'"'"°*
besides, and many other kindesof thinges: whereof, least by reporting all at once wee ouer-
chargc and cloy your Exccllencie, we will elsewhere speake. We caused Licentiatus Aiglio-
nus tlie Scnat.r to obtaine his desire: so that now he is sent away from vs and from Ctcsars
maicslie through our pcrswasion. Hee detcrmincth tobuilde a newe fleete in Hispaniola, to
pawc oiicr to tliosc coastes, to plant a Colonic: nor shall he want folowers: for all this Spa- The Spanyardes
nish nation, is so dcsirou'« of nouelties, that what way soeuer they bee called with a becke ("(""f 'no«T-'
oncly, or soft wln^pering voycc, to any thing arising aboue water, they speedily prepare ties,
tliciniolues to flic, and forsake certainties vndcr hope of an higher degree, to followe incer-
taiiilies : which wee may gather by that which is past. With what stomacke they shalbe re-
ceiucd of the inhabitantcs so greatly weakened by rauishment of their children and kindred,
lime shall be bulge. Tiie like accident commeth to mindc (though out of onler) not to be Thcpoiicieof
()niiltc<l, concerning the lucaian Ilanders, brought by the Spaniards, inhabitantes of Cuba J^*','^^[^"">|j'J^''
ininja, to tlie gi' nous seruicc and slauery of the Goldmines. When the Spanvardes brougVthe'iu.

iltc<l, concci
and Ilispai

Spanvardes brought
iniple opinions concerning the soules, which (;.lter their sinnes purged in "'""^ '"""'•••

vnilcrsiood their

tlie co'il Noiihcrne Mountayncs) should passe vnto the South to the intent that leauing their
naiiue lonntrey of their own accord, they might suHcr thcmselues to be brought to Hispa>
iiiiilaaid Cuba whidie lye to the southwarde of those llandes, they indeuoured to perswadc
(hose poorc wretclics, and did pcrswaJe them, that they came from those places, wher they
(.1)1 uld see their parents, &; children, & al their kindred, & friends that were dead : & should
iinuy al kind of deligiits, together with ^ imbracements & fruition of beloued things. Being
inlertetl and possessed with these crafty & subtil imaginatios, by their own cosening deceiuers,
ui I metioned before, & after l)y the Spaniards, singing and reioycing, thev left their coun-
trty, and Ibllowed vayne, and idle hope. But, when they sawe, they were deceiued, and
iieyther met their parentcs, nor any they desired, but were compelled to vnder-goe grieuous
Biiueraigntv and comnjaunde, and to indure cruell and txtreame labours vnaccusl^mcd, be-
ciimming desperate, they cither slcwe themselues, or choosing to famish, gaue vppe their
laint spirites, bceing perswaded by no reason, or violence, to take foode, as I haue elsewhere

saydc.

ucry.

i 3

.'■■•j(.ftii

Ill)

\',

''i<

_,,i.

(

.' , . ■

1^ f

i»t ;.

■, ■>:

15; .»,f<

ri-

II:

if' fi' 'I '^1 ■.,

414

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tlie neuenlh Decade.

l^lif Spanyardfs
pretend coiiucr-
•io but f xefcisc
Rubucrsion :irid
drtcstjblc cruel-
tic.

A recital! of cer-
t.iyne decrees
wel made but il
(tbserued by the
Sjiinyardes.

'I'he hcadcs of

^Vhftl■,erbbe^tie
\n- ti'bc giuenti)
the Indiaiil.

saydc. So ihc miserable Iiicnians came to their ende: ofwhomc, the number with the Spa-
nyardcs is nowe vcrv small, as of the inhabitanfcs themseliies. But I suppose, that at the
complayntes and pittifuil ^roiics of those wretched innocents, some dii .le power being pro-
uoked, alTirmed reueiiu;e of so great a slaughter, and peace of so many nations disturbed
because they confessed they were mooned vnder pretence of increasing religion, and vet
without any regarde they turnc them to ambitious auarice, and violence. For whosoeiier
were the first aitcnpters or inuaders, doing otherwise then their Kinges comniaunded them
were cythcr slaync bv them that they oppressed, or shoftc with poysontd arrowes, or drowned
in the sea, or grieuously afllirfed, fcl into diners diseases : for the decrees of the Lawcs
giuen them (by inv testiinonie, who daily considered therof with my associates) were so
framed according to a[-quilie and iustice, that nothing might be more sacred and honest. For
it was decreedc for many yeeres, that they shoulde dealc courteously, mcrcyluil), and peace-
ably with tliosc straunge nations borne vnder the honour of age, and that the Kinges with
their snbiectcs assigned to euery «)ne of the Kinges bounty, should bee vsed liisc trihui,irv
snl)icctcs, and dilioiiaries, and not in a scruile manner, and that gi. ing them a due portion
of fle>h and brcade, they shoulde bee well fcdde to sustavne labour: that all nccessarvc,
shoulde bee aiuen them, and for their digging and myning in the tiay, they shrulde rewardc
thenj with clothing and appoynted ornamenles as mercenaries, that they shoulde not wnr.t
'odginges for their nightly rest, that they shoulde not bee ravscd before the >iunnc risjnit,
and bee brought home beelore the eucning, that at certavnc times of the veerc being IVccd
from the goldc-mines, they should apply iheniselues to the setting of the roote lucca, and
sowing the grainc Mai/.ium : that vpon holy daves they should cease from all W(irke, be i)rc.
sent at the churches, and presently after the holy ceremonies of religion ended, they shoulde
permit them to applv thcmsclues to their accustomed sports, and dancinges, and many thin^c,
besides compacted and composed with prudent and humane reasons, by suche as were ski|.
full in the Lawe, and religious men. But what ? falling downe through the desccndii m
Ocean (which imitateth the whireling course of the heauens) to so straunge, forraijnc,
and remoued worldes, far distant from their Cicncralles and Commaundcrs, carryed violcnily
away through the blinde desire of golde, they who departed hence milder then I^ainheJ,
arryuing there, were chaunged into rauening \Voolucs : vnmindful of all their Kinges com-
mandcmentes. Many of them arc both reprooued, fined, and punished : yet the more care-
fully the heads of Hydra arc cut of, we sec them arise and bud forth the more. I rest in
that proucrbe : wherein many offend, that remaineth alwayes vnreuenged. We now bepin
to make new Constitutions, Sc decrees, and purpose to send new Gouernors : determimn;;
to try, what fortune will haue vs doc with them that are left. And whether they ought t.
be free, and no labour exacted of any of them vnwlllingly, nor without rewardi", we make
some doubt. For through the diuers opinions of grauc men, wee arc ambiguously ilistracicd :
especially through the opinions of the religious of the Dominican profession, who perswadc
vs to the contraric by their writinges vnder their owne handes ; affirming that it uill hie
muche better, and more secure for them, & more profitable for the health of the body, and
saluation of their soules, if they bee designed to a pcrpeluall hacredifary obedience, then if
ihey bee putte to temporary seruices, because they to whomc hitherto they haue beene com-
mended, at the kings pleasure, and in the name and bchalfe of another who was absent,
handled the matter as mercenaries. And seeing they feared, least after some fcwe xecns
they shoulde be taken from them, as it is vsually doonc, hauing no rewarde of the beiiclite
of those pooro wretches contrary to the articles & summc of holy lawcs and constitutions,
they ve.xcd and pined both sexes in the gold-mines euen vnfo the death, without respcrtinj
their age, so they might satisfie their maister^ thirst of gold, and their owne. They pane
them neither necessaries to maintaine life, nor prouided for their health, if it so happcind,
that through vnaccustomed and too ivsu'h labour they fainted, and fell downe. Confrarilv
they say, that he who vnderstandcth that the Indians are appoynted to be transfered ouer In
his heire, will indeuour as in his proper substance, not onely that they be preserued in heallli,
but also will carefully prouidc that the number of them may be increased by the pleasures

recciiicd

'' A^

seuenlh Decade.

icr with the Spa-
pose, tliat at the
power being pro-
lations tlisiurhed,

rcli;ii()n, and yet
For whosneucr
omniauniled them,
rrowes, or drowned
recs of the Lawcs
issoriate.*) were so
(I and honest. For
rv fully, an<l peacc-
at the Kinges with

\sed like trihutary
them a tUie portion

tliat all necessarus
lev shnuldc rewardc
, shoulile not wai.t
re the <unne t\suv<^.
c veerc being freed
he route liirca, and
n all wcrke, be ])rc.

ended, they shouldc
es, and many thinjji,
y siuhe as were skil-
iijlh the (lescendii.;

I strainnje, forrai^nc,
rs, rarryed violently
milder then Lanilie^
jll their Kinges com-

II : yet the more care-
h the more. I rest in
jred. We now begin
nernors : determining
hcther they ought tn
ut rewardi-, we nuke
mbiguously vJistracted:
ifession, who perswade
•ming that it \^\\\ lue
lealth of the body, and
tarv obedience, then if
> they hauc beene idm-
lother who was absent,
fter some fewe yecn^
ewanle of the beiicfite
\wcs and constitution*,
ath, without rcipcrtlns
heir owne. They ?:;nie
■allh, if it so happenrd,
fi-ll downe. Ciintrarily
to be transfored oucr to
! be presented in health,
;rcascd by the pleasurc-i

recciued

JTk* setunth Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

415

receiued of their wiucs and children. But they vtterly deny to giue them liberty, by many
examples alicdged. That those Barbarians couldc neucr atiempte the destruction of the Chris-
tians, but that they executed their purposes and deuises and when it hath beene often proued
whether libertie mii'ht bee profitable, it is manifestly knowne that it bred their ouerthrowe
and ruinc. For being idle and slothfull, they wander vp & downe, and rcturnc to their oldc
rites and ceremonies, and loulc and mischicuous actes. The thirdc particular cause is hor-
rible and fearefull, whereby it is prooued, that especially in the supposed Continent, they
arc not woorthy of liberty. In a certaine parte of a great Prouince of the supposed Con-
tinent in the countrey called Chiribichi, the Fryars of the Dominican profession, some twclue
veers since erected a tr'|)le. Through a thousands miseries of labours, and hunger, they
nourished and maintained the children of kinges and nobles, and when they came to more
veers they cndeiioured to drawc them to religion, exhortin'^, admonishing, and teaching
them by intermixing faire and courteous vsage. And they had so instructed many of their
children, that they ininistrcd at the altars to such as had entred into religion, and had to doe
with the holy misteries, and that not rudely, and vnaptly, and vndcrstoode the Spanish tongue
very well. Hut your Excellencie shal hcarc an horrible wicked act committed by them. Their
childish yeeres being past, scarce attaining the age wherein the tender downe beginneth to
budde foorth two chiefc menne of them that were instructed, whom they thought they hadde of a wicked
nowc drawne from the brutish nature of their auncesters to the doctrine of CHRIST, andto{',7nj'you'ng''n«ii
humane rytcs, determining to flic for succour, putting on their olde skinne lykc Wooiue'.oi ''«'''<'""«•
receiued agayne their auncient and natiue vices, and corruptions, and hauing procured a
great army of the bordering neighbours, they beeing their Capfaynes and guides, went and
assaulted the Monastery, where they hadde beene brought vp with fatherly charity. The
Monastery being vanquished, and vtterly ouerthrowne, they slewe them that brought them
vppe, and their fellowcs euery mannc. Omitting circumstances, that after my sharpc ac-
cusations, you may knowe the Spanyardes descrued some excuse, if they denie that liberty
should be giuen them, your Excellencie may readcouQ of the letters deliuered in our Indian
Senate by certaine Fryars which escaped, by reason they were absent at that time in seeking
prouisioii of foodc for the rest. And this letter or handwriting was presented vnto vs when
we were assembled with the chiefc manne of our Senate Garsias Loui/.a, a learned man in
Italy, the Osomensian Prelate and (to speake after the vulgar manner) Ca?sars Confessor, of
the order of preaching Fryars, elected generall maister at Rome for his desert, to whom your
Excellency is neyther vnk lowne, nor ill accepted : receiue it therefore in the Spanish lan-
jriiish it selfe ( for to any Latinist, or Italian, it will bee e?sie to bee vnderstoode by reason of
the allinity and propinquitie of the tongues) and I purposed so to doe, least any might argue,
that 1 hadde changed any thing from the sense of the thing, or intent of the sender, through
nn truislation. Lette vs therefore heare the Fryar bimselfe, called Fryar Thomas Orlizius
speaking V'iua Voce before the Senate, and writing in the name and behalfe of others.

Est.is son las propricdades dc los Indios, por donde no mcrescen libertadcs.

Comen came humana en la tierra firme : son Sodometicos mas que generation alguna :
ninguna lusticiaay entreellos: andan desnudos, notienen amor, ni verguenca : son estolidos,
alocados: no guardan verdad, si no es a su proiiecho: son inconstantes: no saben que cosa
sea conseio: son ingratissimos, y ami<;()s de nouedades. Se prccian de embeudarse que tie-
iicn vinos de diuersas yerbas, y fructos, y granos, come Zerueza, y sidras, y con tomcar fumos
lainhien de otras, yerbas que emborrachen, y con comerlas. Son bestiales, y prccian sc de
ser abominabiles en vicios : ninguna obediencia, in cortesia tienen mucos a vieios, ni hijos a
padr>s. No son capazes de doctrina, ni castigo : son traydores, crueles, y vengatiuos, que
niinca pcrdonan, inimicissimos de religion. Son haraganes, ladrones, son de iuyzios, nuiv
terrestres, v baxos : no gardan fee, ni orden. No se guardan lealtad inaridos a mugeres, ni
inuKcres a maridos. Son echizeros, y augurcros, y couardes come liebres. Son Siizios : comen
pioios, y arrannas, y gusanos crudos, doquiera que los hallan : notienen arte ni manna de
hombres. Quando an appreiidida las cosas dc la fee, dizen, que cssas cosas son para Castilla,

que

1 1 1s

r ■ »^ .

410

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

77ie scuenih Decade.

;.;• 1

if '■j'j a.J'.'li.i

>1t

l-t'

1' 'I

Her reporteth
Jiurrs (Iisj<^ttrs
of thf Sjun-

Tlic Cjribfs
i'.)nib.i]lcs or
men cat«rs.
Of Sohbiu^ his
cjul.

(>l Alphonsus

Fii^ltrd;! and
lohi) Cussa*

Of Iiihmne!
I'oiitius.

The Cirilirs a
warlike (voplc.

Of Difcus Vc-
laMjviez.

Of Frrnandus
Ccrtrs Ilis
heaped riches &:
H'lurishing g t-
utrnnicnt.

A prouerbt.

Three hundred
thousand (Hnsa
j-reparei' by
Cortes t'l (ic sc I
ro iht F.mpeitir.
Cas>ia tistul.t*
CV'tinian, and
Cuccincai) wuud*

que para ellos no valen nada, y que no quieren inudar costumbres : son sin barbas, y s\
alfjunas Ics na-;ccn, pelan las y arincanlas. Con Ins cnCermos no tienen picdad ninguna: csta
graue cl enfcrmo, a vn que sea su pariente, 6 Vezino le deHamparan, 6 Ilciian alos montC!4
a morir, y riexan cabc cl vn pnco do pan y aj^ua, y vanse: quanto mas cicnccnse hazcii
peores : hasta die/, o doze annos parcsce que an dc salircon alguna crianca, y virtud, passando
adelantc, so toman como bestias brufa'^. Kn fin digo, que nunca crio Dios tan cozida gentc
en vicios, y bestialidadcs, sin mistura alguna de boudad 6 policia. Agora iuzgcn las gentc^
para que pueda scr ccpa dc tan inalas mannas y artcs: los cpie los aiiemos trariado csto aiie-
mos oxperimentado deilos. Mayormcnfc el padre fray Pedro de Cordoua, de cuya mano vn
tengo escripto todo csto y lo plaucamos en vno con otras cosas que me cnllo, hallamos a oins
vistas ; son inscn.satos como asnos, y no tienent en nada matarsc.

These, and such like other thinges daily offer thcmselucs in contrnucrsie, which althonci,
tliey bee diiicrsly disputed, hauc almost fallen blouddily vppon t!;e hradcs of the oppressors
as I sayde before, nor liid the priuate grudges and disscntions arysing for soucraigntie take awnv
a smai number of tlic Spaniards thcmsclues, whereof I hauc discoursed at large in my furnicr
Decades, where I spake of tlie Pinzones, the inhabitants of two towncs Palos. and Moguer, on
the Ocean shore, in Andahizia, who running hither and thither along the va-<t shores of the sup-
posed Continent, and the bankcs of that miraculous riucr Maragnon, were shotte through, ami
slaync with poysoned arrowcs by the inhabitantes who were Caniballes, and then drcs^cil, and
serucd in, in diners dishes, as delicates to bee eaten : for the Caniballes, otherwise called Ca-
ribes, are men eaters. Of Solisius to who the same happened on the backe side of the sup.
posed Continet from whose horrible mischance name was giuen to that gulfe of the sea, whciv
Magaglianus stayed a long time with his flecte in his iourney. After this of Alphonsus Fogcdi,
and lohn Cossa who with a strong army of souldicrs searching the countries of Cinnana, Ciiqni,
Bachohaj Caucliictus, and Vrabia vnhappilv lost their lines. Of Diecus Nicuesa, commamlcr
of S(H). men or iherabonts, lost after these, while wandring from the wcsternc Hay of V'rabii,
he searched the coastes of IJcragua. Of lohannes Pontius oU'Tthrowne by the naked Barhi-
rians, and wounded vnto death in the coniitrv of Florida first founde out by him, who after.
ward lying long sicke, and languishing thnnigh lli.it wt nnde, dyed in the Ilande of CuIki
and of many commaiinders, and armies besides slainc through the might and fortitude ofil,.
Caniballs. to whom they made daintv i)anqiietles with their bodies: f^ the Caribcs wore
found with a flecte of Canowes, to haue savled many leagues from their borders in warlike
maner and battayle array, to take men : their Canoas are boats made of one tree or pien- „:
tymber (in Greeke called Monoxulon) whireof sonic of them are capable of HO rowirs
Lastly of Diecus Velasquez gnuernor of Cuba called Fernaiidina, from exceeding ^rr it
wealth and ryches brought vnto pouerfv, and nowe at length deade, and of Fernaiulus C rtcs
disagreeing witlj deadly hatreil among iheinselues, I haue at large disc< ursed of all ilio«c,
C'< Ties onely as yet flourisheth, who is sup|)osed to haue hea|)eil vp treasures (in that srcii
citie of the lake 'renu«titan, vaiuiui>hed (."ij destroved) to the siimme of thirty hinulred iIhvi-
sande Peiisa, .iiul this Pcnsum exceedeth the Spanish Dncatc a fourth part, or quadrant: dr
hec commanded) many cities and Princes, with whome there is great plenty cf gold, hiili
of liic ryucrs and Mountaynes, t)or doc they want rich canes of gold mines, but in hi« r;i>c
j)eraduenture the generall pronerbe will preuaile, concerning iiis mon«'v, fidelity, and treasure,
that nnicli les^e wilbe founde, at hi* departure, then fame reporlclh; which time shall disrorer.
lohannes Uib< ra, known to the Fiubassadour Thomas Mainus, and Cinlllinus Cortes his agent wiiii
Cajsar, broiiglit vpwilh him from his \outli and partaker of all his noble and worthy acts and
altempt«, saith that his master Cortes hath A(MMi. Pcnsa |)rcpaied to be setit lo the FrnpercT.
But being adiicrtiscd of the taking of so many lade ships bv the French l'irate», he d.ire net »n,(l
them away. There are also in the supposed Continent, and Mi-paniola, Cuba, ami laniaicM, rv-
eeeding great riches prepared, of ^olde, pearle, soger, & Cas»ia li-lula growing in the Hand-,
of Coriiiian or Cotcinean w loil also, vsed f\.r the dving of wooll (which tlie Italian ralleili
Vcrsin, the .Spanyardc Brasiii) commodilies readv pnuiidcd. There arc thickc woods of these

treo

: scuenlh Decade,

1 sill barbas, y si
nd ninguna: csia
ciian alos montcs

irescensc ha/.cii
y virtiid, passando

tan cozida gentc

iiizgcn las genio

trartado csto aue-

, de cuya mano yn

lo, hallamos a oios

ie, wliich althnnsh
I of the oppressors
eraii;ntie take awav

largi" in my former
\m. and Moaner, oi\
<t shores of the sup-

shottc through, ainl
id then dressed, and
otherwise called C:i-
eke side of the suji-
life of the sea.whpiv
f Alphonsus ro<;c(l;i,
•s of Cuniana, Cmjui,
Niciiesa, conimaiuliT
Sterne Hay <>f Vral)ii,
by the naked Barhv
t by him, who artci-

the Uande of CiiIki
t and fortitude of tl (
fdr the Caribes wrrr
'ir borders in warlil^c
f one tree or piece . i
apable of HO rowir-,
Vom excecdinj; .;rrit
d of Vernandus (■■ rtes
iseiursed of all llic-c,
easiires (in that yrnt
if thirty hundred the i-
part, i>r quadrant I. r
t plenty if gold, in i!i
1 mines, but in his rx
V, fidelity, and trea-iirr,
lieh time shall disccrcr.
HIS Cortes his af;entuiih
hie and worthy acts ami
lie sent to the Umieivr.
I'irnle-, hcdareiU'tM'i.a
. Cuba, and l.imaio, cv-
a growing in the Ham!-,
which the Ital'an rallcili
re thitke woods of tli<-(
triC'

Tlie scHcnth Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

417

trees in Hispanioja, as groues of firre frees, or oake with vs. While we consulted in oiir

Senate of the afTairs of India (concerning the safty, and defence of these ship) what counsel!

might be taken for remedy, it was decreede, & through our perswasion prouided, and com-

maunded by Caesar, that euery one of them shoulde meete together at Hispaniola, the hcade

and chiefe place of those countries, with such riches as they had heaped vp : wherby, the

ships being gathered together, from al those countries, a stronge fleete might be made, so

that they might sally defende themselues from the iniury of pyrats, if they met with them.

Wha'. fortune shall befall them, is reserued in the armory and storehouse of the diuine pro- Fmn-Mhinsr.

uidencc. There are some, who say, that Cortes made two golden peeces of ordinance ca- *"'' ""^'

pable of Iron bullets, as bigge as a small tennis ball stuffed. It might be peraduenture for

ostentation, because the softnes of gold (in my itidgement) is not apt to sustaine and in-

diire, so great fury & violence, or cIs fabulously fained, through enuy : for his worthy acts

are howerly wrested with enuious, and spitefull biowes.

The lift Chapter.

WHile I was thus writing these things, news were brought me that 4'. ships from the Indies
arryucd vpon our Spanish coasts, what riches they bring, we vnderstad not yet : letters are
brought fro ^ Senat of Hispaniola vnto Cassar, cocerning a cruell and mischieuous accidet
which lately happened, & (by coniecture) some worse matter is feared hereafter. Concern-
ing Franciscus Garaius gouernour of lamaica, I haue discoursed many things in my books to
Adrifi the Pope, brought vnto the city by lacobus Pierius. Franciscus Garaius being about f''"''"^"* ci-
to erect a Colony vpon the riuer Panucus (trom whence, both the country, & the king de- erect » Colony
fine their names, & the bordering colintry ioyning vpon the iurisdiction of Tenustitan ' twice pil^^JJ^JlJV"""!^
aficnipted the matter, & was as often repulsed and ouerthrowne almost by the naked inhabit- repulsed.
ants : the yccre past, hce vndcrtookc the same Prouince againe, with 1 1. ships, and 700.
men, and more, and manic horsemen, presuming vpon the authority of the Kingcs letters,
whereby licence might be giiien him to erect the desired Colonic on the bankc of that riuer.
This riuer is famous for the channcU, able to recciue ships of great burden, and is also in
steed of an hauen, because that Prouince subiect to the iurisdiction of Tenustitan, is with-
out hauens, and a wild, and viisecurc road for shipping. Beholde Garaius, and his consorts
safely arryucd. A strong and mighty tempest troubled them at Sea, and the fortune of war
abandoned them to all abuses on the l''iid, for arryuing he lost 2. of the fleete by shipwracke,
and found the banks of the riuer possessed by the souldiers of Cortjs, hauing erected a Co-
lonic there, &: ordained magistrates to gouerne the people, with the assent of ^ king Panucus
(because hesailh those countries are his, in the right of Tenustitan, & that the ryuer Panu-
cus is included vnder the nac of Nona Ilispania, giuen to those countries by him, & colirmed
hv Cicsar) Ciaraiiis goeth to hi< Comprouincials the Spaniards, inhabitants of the place,
& spcakeih to them. lie sheweth the kings letters paten•^•. wherein he appointeth f "»iii5r'"d"i>
those bqnks of Panucus to be inlubi'ed by him, & that he came IV.i that purpose. He ex- Jo\[',i,75„',""^'
hortcth, &: admoni^heth them to obey the kings cominad, and giue place to him, or refaine [""y ''"t i« "-
their Pretorian authority in his name, & not in the name & behalfe of Cortes, & y they '""^
should receiiie fro him, & obserne the rest of their lawes & constitutions, necessary for their
iiood, iS: (piict gouernmrt: but al in vainc. Hauing heard this in a long Oration, without
liirthcr premeditated speech, or making any doubt at all, they answer. That, that Colonic
was appointed iS: erected by Cortes, vppon the soyle sometimes in the subiection of Tenus-
titan, which lycth within the limits of Hispnnia Nona, assigned by Caesar: & therefore it
would iustly come to pas that they might be charged with Ircchery & treaso, if they reuolted,
& harkened to the demands of (Jaraius. Ciaraius citeth, and sheweth the Kinges letters
agayne. They say, that they v;erc falsely procured, and obtayned, by misinforming Cxsar:
and that they were hadde and gotten agaynst Cortes, through fauour of the Burgensian Bi-
shoppc, President of the Indian Senate, who is oflcnded with him for lacobus V'elasquez
Goucmour of Cuba his friende, and somtimes a familiar of his brother Fonseca, a most deadly
cncmie to Cortes. As touching their priuate dissentions and hatred, I haue sudicicntly dis-
voL. V. 3 H coursed

ieclcd.

I <>'

•'•■■■ h

^ »

_^ft.' ' I

iM.i' '

"r'tf
mm

4IK

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The seuenth Decade.

coursed at large in the matters concerning flicm both, which of thcmsehic!), fill no smal vo-
lume. Resisting, Garaius proclaymeth them guilty of treason, if they obey not the kingcs
commaundement. They nay, ihcy will sticke the letters on their heade, after the Spanish
manner, and accept the commaundement, as farre as they ought: but for execution thereof,
they §ay, they will take aduise of the king, or the Indian Senate, that both parlies beiiij;
hearde, Caesar the King might censure, what shoulde bee most beehoucfull for them to obc\"
and say, that they thinke Caesar will commaunde otherwise, if he vnderstoodc to what daiin-
ger so great a matter may be subicct, through this iniiouation : for if the Barbarians, being
but latfly conquered, shall pcrceiue that discorde ariseth among the Christians, they y,\\\

'^"""f"'""' indeunure to cast of the voake of subiection. It was at length decreed betweenc them,
that messengers shoulde be sent to Cortes. I hoy doc their indeuour, and goe, and signifie
the matter to Cortes. He appointrth two of his Captaynes, to indcuourc to perswade that
Garaius might haue accessc vnto him, in that grcit citty of the lake Tenusfitan, the head
and chiefc city of that mighlie Empire, being about some fiO. le.igucs distant from the riucr

r,ar.iui)go«h to p.inucus. The messengers comj to (iaraius, and perswade him. Ciaraiiis goeth : fcr he con.

Corifs. fcssed he was inferior to Cortes; Cortes takelh the sonne of Garaius to be his sonne in Liw,

by mariage of his bastard daughter. While these thinges were thus doing, whether it were
doone by the secrete counscll of Cortes, or that the inhabitanntes mooued of their ownc ac-
corde, selte vppon the forces of Garaius, and < uerthrewe them, the Senators of llispaniola
Ic.iue it doubtfull, whosoeuer wrote these thinges partiiiiiarly to their particular friendes,

"""'.'"'''"'r'i' whether this way, or that way, it little skilleth in the matter it selfe. The whole army nf

(nirltnrownf by iii t , iiif>r'r>t /''

thr icuuiiiuiu. scuen hundred menne was ouerthrowne, and two hundred and nftie ol them are reported to
bee slayne, and they write, that Garaius himselfe is deade, whether bee dyed with Cortes, or
elsewhere, anc' whether gricuously troubled with a feuer, or holperi by the beenignc and
cortf, iu<rtafd courteous prouidence of Cj)rtes, who frecde the man from the troubles, and incumbrances of
GaMiuI^"'' humane cares, that hec alone might inioy the swcctnesse of his tyrannicail profession, it is
vncertainely signified. For we haue neither letters from Cortes, nor from the ma;{istraifs
sent to those countries, nor from any of the consorts of Garaius, but from the Senate onelv
Chiiiio(.hfnn of llispaniola, writing to Consar, and our Senate, that one Christopherus Olifus, one (if
aiihrWr'll' Cortes his Captaynes, arryued at the furthest wester angle of Cuba (where that llande
.ngUofCubi. fronteth lucatan) with 300. men, and I.")0. horse in no meane and contemptible fleete, :iiul
they say he goeth about to seduce and drawe an hundred other fresh men from Cuba it selfe.
Who accompanying him, he giueth out, that hee woulde throughly searrhe those countries,
which lye in the middle betweene lucatan (not yet known, whether it be an llande) and the
supposed Continent, and there, he is reported to haue sayde, he woulde erect a Colonie.
The Setiators say, they were certified hereof by the Notary of Cuba, together with the di-
ucrs misfortunes that befell Garaius. Wifhall the .Senators themseiues s.ny, that they thinke,
these reporfes were giucn out among the common people by false rumours of the seducer
Olitus, to the intent, that bceing out of hope of rcuolting to Garaius, the wanderers, .md
straglers (wh"m hee desired to haue) might the more easily turne vnto him. In another
^Bijiu. o™. clause of the Epistle, they say, that /Egidius Gonzalez is ready in the hauen of Ilispanioi.i,
nlZwrnDtoihr ^" g"c to the sauic place, of whose nauigation by the South sea, the Embassadour Thoni.is
Mainus hath brought with him a coppie of the discourse, vnto the Consentine Archbishojjpe,
to be presented to Clement the Pope: the nauigation is direct, which, it is needfull to be-
hulde, that it may be vndersfoode, what the intent of these Captaines is in seeking those
countries, by the permission and commandement of C.xsar: for ^Dgidius bceing returned
from the South Sea, where hee founde an exceeding greate and huge Sea of fresh waters,
replenished with Ilandes, hec determined to search to the North what fortune woulde atloonl,
concerning the Stravght bo much desired. Hee therefore came to llispaniola with the Trea-
sures spoken of in their place, leaning the southerne fleete, that hee might builde a new one
in the North. For he supposcth that the flowing of that abundance and heape of waters,
breaketh out betweene lucatan, and the Ccmtinent, by some ryuer able to receiuc shippes,
as Ticiaus out of the lake Verbanus, and Minciiis out of Benacus, and Abdia out of Larius,

and

Svurh Set.

tuenth Decade.

The scucnth Decade.

THAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIKS.

419

ami Khndaniis out of the hike Lcmaniis, arc scene to issue foorth, that they mi)>;ht conuey
the waters (which they hiul swallowed) vnto the Sea. These thinges beeing vndcrstoode,
and that Petrim Arias (Joiicrnoiir of the supposed Continent, about to vndertake the same
matter, hath taken the same way, hauing icuied an armie of horse and foote, of no small,
and contemptible number: the Senate forbad i1<:gidius Gonsalez to goe, least if Olilus, and "u"rIU,"'"f,!bi.i.
Petrus Arias, & yEgidius himselfe meetc together, they should kill one another: by speedy ■''" W «''«
messengers, and swift shippes they admonished I'etrus Aria^, Fernandus Cortes, and Olitus""'"'
vpon paine of treason, that none of them take armcs against the other, if they met, and
protested, that if tliey did the contrary, they should be ihrust out of their gouernment with
ignominy, and disgrace. This iudgement and decree of that Senate, our Senate, alloweth,
what shal succeed we will write. The earnest de.'irc of seeking this straight is so great that Tht ittujh.,
ihcy obiect themsclues vnto a thousand daungers : for whosoeuer shall finde it, if it may
bee founde, shall obtaine the great fauour of Caisar with high authoritie, because if from
the South Sea a passage may bee founde vnto the North, the way to the Hands of spices
ingendring precious stones should be the more easie. Nor shoulde the controuersie begun
with the king of l'ortUf;all prcnaile, whereof I haue sufliciently spoken in my former
Decades : but concerning the str.iyght there is little hope, yet we dissent not from the
opinion of .Egidius, but that the ryuer which receiueth those fresh waters may bee founde,
running to the North, seeing they manifestly know, that those waters haue no fall to the
South coast. Which if it so fall out, it is shewed, that the way from either sea will bee
commodious enough, bcecausc from the bankes of the fresh waters, whiche bcnde towardes
the South, to the shoare of the South sea, the distance is onely three leagues, through a
broade plaine: by which .ligidius saith, it will be an easic Journey for any waines, and
cartes, and very Hhortc to the ^Mquinoctiall circle.

The sixt Chapter.

WEe suppose also (most noble and renowned Prince) relying vpon most assured argu»
nients, that it will come to passe, that other newc Ilandes may be found, not many yeeres
hence, both subiect to the /Equator, and also neerc vnto it on this side, and bcyoiide, as
the .Maluchas which are already found, and the rest described in my former Decades. For
if through the vertue of the sunne about the y^quinoctiall vnder a tcrrestriall disposed
ni.ittcr, apt to receiue a ca'lestiali beiiefitc oflercd, that aromaticall tast is infused into those
trees, and other Ilandes are next vnto them, inrichcd with sandie guide: who dare infect
mighty and powerl'ull nature with so great a blemish, and def;ice it with such iniiiry, that
in so sliorte a space of the Maluchas, as it were in the little finger of a (Jiant (if we con-
sider the whole circuite) he will aflirme shce hath fully expressed her force, and spent her
wombe (hlled with an excellent progeny) vjion so slender and small an infant ? This reason
issued from my braine, in the Indian Senate among my associats one example being added,
tliat the matter might more easily be vnderstoode. I suppose I wrote the same reason to
Pope Adrian, but 1 doe net wel remember, because the last seuentith yeare, age, and cares
haue dulled my memorie, nor doc such thingcs repeated vse to displease, although they
haue been elsewhere scene, with out the limittcs of their grounde. For tenne yeeres a riigrts.io
together in the times of Sixtus J- 4. & Innocentius the 8. I lined at Home, with her neigh-
bourhood. Being prouokcd, & stirred vp through the fame of the Granatensian wars, I
went into Spaine: comming from Rome, I trauailed through the rest of Italy: I passed
oucr that part of France which our Sea washeth beyond the Alpes. In those 37. yeeres
wherein (through the gracious promises, & honourable receiuing into familiaritv of the
Catholike Princes Ferdinandus, and Elizabeth) Spaine held mc. I viewed it all round
about. But you wil say (most noble Prince) to what end are these things fetched?
Tranailing ouer these j)arts, 1 light vpon woods of oake, & then of pine, yet mountains,
i^- champion places, & riuers, or marishes diuiding betweene either wood, & after y I met
•vith wildernesses ofdiuers trees, growing of their own nature, which tooke vp great it huge
cuiuUries, and mctte with such like woodes of pine, and oake, and riuers, or lakes, and

3 H 2 pas^ed

An «ic«llrnt
rcatu to prone
the liklihnode
of nrwe dii"
coucrir^.

' IMH

' ''■ !

».

n\ ''

< >

• 1 ■

!:•

I
li 111

r '.,i ill '•

420

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

I7ie scuenth Decade.

An other fi-
ccUeiit R3ion.

Odon ptrfiimei
It i)'icrs thit
ihcy ctt'cniiiutc
mcni mindci.

An Allffory
iriy witty anj
•igoiliv«nt.

Srbiftlian CaSiit
attd of his iii>
icndnl voyigc.

passed oiier plainer not vnlikc viito the former, the xubiert matter of the countries rc-
ceiuin^r those varietifs. So (most renowned IVinrc) on thin side, beyond, & vndtr the
Equinoctiall Circle, the Tropicke «)l Canier vnto Capricorne (which space and distance, the
greatest part of the Philosophers falsiy supposed to be desolate, and forsaken, beinc,
molested with ihc heate of the perpendicular sunne) many huge countries of laiulc, and
vast and spacious seas lye, because the spare of this circumference is tlie greatest, sccin;; it
Kooih aboiite the whole worldc, where it most inl.irjjeih it selfe, with the lenj;th theridr.
That Circle therefore is the broade-t of ail. If therefore in so xhort a distance of lands ami
conntryes (as I haue said) the art .if powerful! iialiire be so great, that what comnuth forth
and proweth in one part of the same - may also be founde in another drawinn 'lie

same influence, in that kinde of th' igs, which that grounde hath brought forth, who
doubtelh, but in this aromaticall kinde, vndcr so great a cielesii ill vasiily, manie other conn,
tries may be found capable of the same vertuc, which is bestowed vpnn the Maluchas and
the neighbouring Ilandes, lying partly vndcr the ;Ejpiafor it stife, and partly on both sids?
One of tlie Collcdne shruggde his shoulders, that he migiit bee accompleil the wiser in in-
fringing my argument. Behold (saith he) no mention is made of the-.e ihinges by our
auncesters, if they stoode vpon this matter, these ihinnes should be knowne to vs, or ncit
vnknowne to any nation Through ignorance of learning, especially of Philosophic, and
by reason of his small experience, his obiccticm was ca>ily ouer throwne, the great Chan-
cellor who highly rcspecteth your Kxcellencie, and the rest of the associates, yceiding vnto
me. For I sayde, that it was farrc from all admiration, because we had notice of die
Maluchas, ancl the bordering Ilandes, but none of the rest. For the Mahuhas are almost
within the view of India beyonde Cianges, ami are almost adioyning to the rounlryes of the
Sin.T and the great Bay of Catigara, which are knowne laiules, nr)t much distant from ihc
Persian gulfe, and .\rabia falsiy called the happie, whereby, by little and little they (rcpt
vnto ihem, and then vnto vs (since the luxury of Rome began to increase) to our no snnil
losse & dammage. For the mindes of menu growc faint and etffrminate, their manly
courage is extenuated, through such flatteringc delights of odors, perfumes, and spjcc,
But concerninge the rest of the vnknown Hands, the reason is easily ^eelded why they hanc
bin vnknown to this daye, because the mayne Continentes next vnto them, through the
same purpose of the diuine prouidence, haue lyen vnknowne, enen vntill our times.
These thinges considered, which are most true, if those conntryes be ^ great councs of the
world, if there be adherent or neighbouringe Ilandes of those couries, who could \%aike
through the halles, or search the secret roomes, when the couries, weere yet vnknowne?
we haue therefore founde the courtcs when wee fnule so vast and vnknown conntryes, that
they thrice exceede all Europe and more, if as we haue elsewhere prooued, wee shull
measure what came to the knowledg of menn in our time, from S Augustine the said povnt
of our supposed Continent, to the riuer Panucus 60. leagues distant (or thereabouts) from
Tenustitan, that great cifty of the lake: we haue elsewhere largly discoursed these things.
We shall also finde the rest of the members of those courts: and wee are not farr from the
assurance of fuifillinge this our desire. For we thinke it will come to passe, that .Sebasiion
Cabot (who first founde the Baccalay, to whom about the Calends of September leauc was
graunted (at his request) by authority of our Senate to search that nauigation) will refurnc
in shorter time, & more luckily, then the shipp called the Victory, which only of licr.j.
consorts escaped, went about the world, and returned laden with ("loucs: where of I haue
spoake at large in his ])roper place. Cabot required of C.T<iars treasury a fleetc of i.
shippcs furnished with all things necessary for the Sea, and with conuenient |)ceces of
ordinance, & saith j- he had foud cosorts at Siuil, ^ mart towne of all Indian mar-
chandises, who vpon hope of great gaine, voluntarily ofl'ercd fenn th(in>ad Duciics
towards the victuallinge of 5 fleete, & other necessaryes. About the Ides of September
Cabot was sent awav from vs to ofler bonde to the consorts who wcere partners with him.
If it fell out <\ell hec shall haue part of the gaine of those that contribute their mf)v, of
euery one according to his rale. It rcmayncth (most noble Prince) that with some likely

& probable

hi
i

'J. ■:

icucnth Decade.

nc srurnth Decade. TRAITIQURS, AND DISCOUEniF.S. 4'2I

& probable arj^iimft il be declared, why I sayd, he wold return in shorter time then the
Victury, <& why wc should think thin matter should more happily succcedc, least moued
with a windy breath wee seenie desirous to yceld a reason of future cuents. Cabot is
aliout to depart the next moneth of August in the yecrc 1525. and no sooner surely,
because thinjies necessary for such a matter of importance can neither bee prepared
bccfiire, nor by the course of the heaiiens, ouRht hee to beginn that voya;i;e before that
time: for then he must direct his course tnwardes the yivquinoctiall, when the sunne
(dcpriuing vs of summer, and the lenj^th of ^ diiyes) bepinnclh to goc to J' Antipodes.
For he is not onely to goc the direct way lo the Tropik of Cancer and the .lilquator, but
also 45. degrees to the Antarctick lo the furthest bounde of Capricornes, vndcr which the
mouth of the Siraightes of Magcllane lye, by a way traded at other meiins charge, and with
rhe death of many, and not by bywavcs, and diners deiiiycs, and turningcs about, as
Nfanelianc must noedcs d<'e, who through carefull libours, and diners hard calamities spent
lliicc yeares, wandringc in that Nauig;ition, and of a (Icete of flue shippes, together with
the greater part of his company, lost fower, and his owne life in the endc. Of thc-ic
thiiiges I haue sudicicntly spoken at large in the Parallell compa'»scd, directed to Adrian
the I'opc. For lliis cause therefore hee will sayle it in a shorter time, for that he is to
direct his course by coasts hctherto vnknowne, but now very well knowne. But in that we
suppose it wilbe with more prosperous successe, & better fortune, we may gather from
hence. At what time the dayes arc shortest with the people of the North, Cahot shall J^l'j^jl'™'"^
haue them longest, lie shall therefore commodiously runnc alonge those shoares, while of uyiinst.
(hauinge passed the windiiigc Straight of Magcllane, next to the Doggstarr) he direct his
course to the right hande, on the backe side of our supposed Continent, whereof our
former Decades dedicated to Astanius, your vncle, and the Popes, Leo, and Adrian are
full, and sliall returne by the Zone of Capricornc to the i'Equator in which space hee shall
fuide an innumerable number of Hands seated in that huge Sea. But whence the hope of
great riches ariseth vnto vs, you shall heare. The fleetc of Magcllane, hauing passed TjJ" """"f
through the straight, souglit out with so great c:damity of the men, leaning all the llandcs "'*''"'
they inett with, and sawc a farr of both on the right hand and on the left, directed their
eves, and their course alwayes to the Maluchas, for all their care was of taking the
Maliichas. .Searchinge by the way what cuery one of the other llads brought forth he
(iir!*orily passed oner: although in many of them hee landed for watering, & takinge in of
wood or nrcessary b.irteringe of things for xiitualls, yet he made litle stay, and in that
fhort abode, hee searched the commodities of cuery Hand (whereunto hee went) with
^i^;nes, and beckcs, as well as he could, and vndcr-tood that in some of them the sands
were mixed with much gold. And he further learned that in other of them, shrubbes or
siiiale bushes of the best Cinamom grcwe, which arc like to the Pomgranalc, of which
prei ions l)arkes (as Maynus and (iuillinus can testi(ie) I got some smal peeces. He like-
wise heard ol great pearls, iS,: other precious stones, things «)f noe slight regard. He
(li'tiTiiiined to deferr the lietter searching of these Hands vntill a more conuenient time,
with open mouth and panting spirite gaping only after the Maluchas: but plottingc lo
attempt great matters in his mynde, cruell fortune violently draue him into the haiides of
a barbarous and almost a naked nation, to be slaiiic, as hath bin spoaken in his place. If
therefore from a voyage and speedy nauigation, neuer open to any beefore this, they gather
Mich probabilities of the excellency of those Ilandes, what is not to bee hoped, concerninge
the procuring of a selled tradinge with tliose llanders? Tor they must be curteously
h.iiulic(l, & dealt with, withctit any violence and iniury, and with curleous vsage & gifts,
they wilbe inticed. For those ten thousad Ducates, which Cabot is to haue of his cosorts
arc lo be bestowed vpon ^ busines, that viduall for two yeres may bee prouided and wages
j;;iicn to I.'»0 men, the other part remaining, shalbe imployed vpO warrs, & marchandise
such .IS they know wilbc acceptable to the llanders, to the intent, they may wilingly giiie
Mich things as they lightly esteeme, naturally growing \V the, for exchage of our co-
moditis, vnknown to the, for they know not the pestilent vse of mony, & whatsoeuer is

strage.

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Tlif wondftfall
Tf rtue of 4
fi'Uiilaitu- ill
'IViu H.»rida
nA My ift»»

ij'.ir^ed of.

VOYAfiUS, NAIMOATIONS,

The Hcucnih Ihciide.

Nirrigo, & brought fro foriiino corilrvr*, riirry natifi arcoulrlli it a nretioiw tiling. The«o
throughly viewed, i^- h.iillcil vV priiil<"l (lilii;r( o, ihcy will Hcoiirr iiitif; nil 5 St'Ulh side of
onr .supposed Coniiiicl, I'i: arriiie .it ( ColonyiH oj' l';innama and N.ita tTecled in (Ikwr
sliore'*, the hounde"* of the noldeii Ca-itceie . I'.ii' ^^ll(l•'(ll•lll■r .it that lime, Hhalhec Koiicrnuur
iif that I'roiiinte (,(if the Continent) railed Ridden i;a!.lile, will rertilic vn tif the <tiic((»se.
Tor wee ihinkc of the rhansin^e of many Cioiiernour*, least they wax indolent throujjh to
lonj-e riwtome of Fm|)irc and smieraijjntv, csprcially Nuch an were noc concjiicrerH ul'
the Proiiinces, fur ronrernini; ihe-e (.'ajitaini's, anntncr reaxon U ron>tidcred : v,hr wcr
shall vnderslande the llectc halli xcn sa\ Ic wc will pray fur their happy an I pru^pcrou.

siaccsM",

The sciienih ("ha|)tcr.

IJVl fir«l anther (Iccle shall depart to ji<^o for the Nfahirha*, that the poweMsio tnkcii.
may he mainlained, nor >liall it he an\ impediment, that hee hath admitted the kinj; 1 1
I'ortni^all for his sonne in lawe, to whom Cii'sar hath >;iurn ('afharinc his >ister of liio
vhnle 1)1(111(1 to will', borne after the death of his lather, a most delicate yoiinj{ woman dl
seiieiteene yeeres old, iV' a mo»t beaiitifull and wise mayden. It is a vainc & idle niiiii r
(if the people, that Ca-sar hath aj;recd with tlie kin;; of I'ortunall to diseharnc his haiidis
fliereof, by reason and occasion of her dowry, beinj; so exceoliii^ Rreat, and rich an in-
heril.ince althoiii^h hee complaync it will bcr pernicious vnto him, and to the vtter destriw -
lion i^ Mrdoin^c of his poore kin^dome s(,tnelimes an lutrldomc of ("a»lile, if her he
clcprliied of that intercourse of tradinir. Ui>ides, (';esar (who is \erv wise) think(tli if
nicetc to prou'.'.p that so j;rcat iniury bee not done to tiie kiiiffilomes of ("asiceic (wliicli it
ronccrncih) hecin^ the best sincwes of all his power. Let this <liijre'»ioii suftiic coiucrii-
iiij;c the lucaians Chicora, Duhare, the fropickes .llquinocti .11, and such like. Now let
nice report some new thinncs out of order, which (iillinus iilfirmcd would bee acrepiaijlo
viito you. And let \* bcninn with tlie most notable uiiracle of nature, wherein wcc
will first declare what i-j rcjiortcd, next, what is the opinion of the Philosophers con-
cernii);;e the same, and lazily whif our diil iud;;ment conceiiu'th thereof, as our luamiiv
is in all tlun^cs whaisoeue*, liardlv to bee credited. In my former Dccailes, whiiii
wander thr«ui;h the world in print, mention is made of the lame and report of ,i
(oiinlaine, and llicy »ay, the secret force thereof is sncli, that throii;;h drinkin;i;c and
balhins;? therein, the vse of that wafer makcth them that are j!;rowne old, wax yoiin;;c
againe: I relyin^e vpon the examples of .\ristolle, and our Pliny, may presume to rejxMt
and commit to writing!, what menu of great authority dare boldly spcakc. For ueitluTdl
the one write of the n.iture of liuin;;e creatures, which hee hadil scene, but by the onlv
rep rt of tliem whom .Mexandcr M.iceJo a|)pointed to search the same at his great eh.ir^c,
or did tile other note two and tweutv thousand thinges woorthy the obseruinije without rc-
iNinge \ pon oti.crs reports, and writ'unes. J5ut thev whom I cite in my Decades (bcsidi^i
the leticrs of siicli a< arc absent, and their report by word of mouth who often goe, an!
retiirne hether) are, that Pene, .Aiglianus the Senator a lawier before rehcrscd, and also tlu'
third, Liccntiatus I'iguer a sent to Ilispaniula, to be Pra?>.ident of the Senate, and to reiiuirc
aciompt (if all the magistrates of their gouernment, and to direct at his plea-ure things mi>-
Cirrxed, aid mainl.iine that which was dirccllv done, to fauoiir the good, and |)uni>l) the
(•mil. 'riie»e i!n-ec agree thai thev had he.ird of the fountaine restoringc strength, and that
tiiev partly ixdeeucd the rc|)(irles : but thev sawe it not, nor proued it bv experience, hc-
(iiise the inhabitants of that Terra Florida haue sharpe nayles, aiul arc eager defenders if
their rig!it. Tliey refu-c to interlaine any guests, especially sucii, who goe about to lake
awav their liberlv, i'^: possessc their country soyle. The Spaniards brought thclher by ship
from Ilispaniola, i*!.: by a shorter cuti from Cuba, often determined to subdue them anil sit
fooling on their shoaies : but as often as they attempted the matter so often were they re-
pulsed, ouerthrown, &: sl.iinc by the inhabitants, who (though but naked) yet fight they
v>ith many kiiidcs of dartc-i, and poysoned arrowcs. The Dcanc gaue one example

heereol'.

V^,

7n HcucHlh Dccditt.

ioim lliinR. Tlic«r
;ill 5 Soiiili x'ulc III'
ii tri'ctcil ( n iIkisr
Hhatlu'c ^''^f^rnour
\H of the (tucrt'Me.
inxnlcnt thnmfjh lo
HOC conijiicri'i!* uf
iiHiilcrnl : vslif- wrp
)[))• an. I [iruspcrou-

fhc possrsHio t ikcii,
inittcil ilu- kiiiK (I
10 his sHltr (if ilu'
to younj; womnn ol
■nine & Me ninn r
iH('hnr);c liis luiiult's
at, aiul rid) an in-
lo the vttcr (Icslriic-
("a-iile, if heo boi'
V wi.se) tlniiki'tli it

('a>lcelc (wliiili ii
on 'inftiic toniiTii-
such hki'. Now let
vdulil hee a((e[)ial)lo
aliire, wlu'rein wcp
e I'hilosopheM ciii-
■reof, ns our maninr
icr Dccade-i, wliiiii
lie and report of a
•diiijh <lrinkinj!;c and
lie old, wax \oiiii-c
y presume to rcpcii
ikc Tor neitliiT d: I
ne, hut !)>• the only
at liis {•real eh.ir;;f,
iseruinije wittioiit rc-
mv Deiailes (hcsidn
I) who often noe, an I
'liersi-d, and alsn the
>enale, anil to roiiuirc
plea-urc tliin;;"* nii^-
jrooil, anil pnni>l) tin-
ij>c «.tren;;th, and that
t l)v CNperience, hi-
c ea^er defender-* 1 1
lio '^ov about to take
ou^ht thclhcr by ship
«»uhdnc them and sit
) often were they re-
naked) yet figlit thry

gauc one example
heereof

Tlif ntiunlh Pfcaile.

TRAITIQUI'S, AND DlSCOUCniW.

hrercof. lire hath a Iiicaian one of his hnuthold ftcruanfH mirnameil Andreas narhatii*. fcr that '•" f"'"' "*
hfc hauinnc a beard, escaped amonge hit beardlet countrymen. Thist fellow in sa\de tohauc,'!!!"!"'!,'""^
had a father now j{rriiionxjy op|>ressed with ohi age. Wherefore nioucd with the fame of that ^'•<<"" ■>""{
fdunfaine, and alhired through the hme longer of lyfc, hauin^je prepared nccewary proui«ion "'"'"'
for his ioiirney, he went from hit natiiie Ilande neere vnto the country of Florida, to drinke
iif the desired foiintaine, ns our eouiitriinen doe from Home or Naplet to the Piiteolanc batlus,
for the recouery of their health. Ilee wi-nt, and stayil, and hauin>{c well drunke and washed
himselfe for many davet, with the appointed remedies by them who kept the bath, hec is
rrpuried to haue hroni;ht home a manly strength, and to haiie vsed all manly exercises, and
tlui hee married anaine, and be^att children, Tiie sonne bringoth many witnesses heereof,
ainoM>;e them who weere carried away from his cctintry lucai.!, who alTirme fliey sawe hi n
almost oppressed wiih dei repit a;;e, and after that (lourisliinj;e, and lusty in strcn^^ih, and
a!)iiity cfbodv. Hut I am nut ignorant, that these tliin:;es are reported, contrary to the opinion
(if all Philosophers, especially Phisiiians, who thinke that no relume may possibly bee from
the I'riualion to the Habit: in the a;;ed I conl'cs^e, the watery, and ayery vapours of 'h"
radical! humor are either expelleil, or at the Icaxt diinini-hed, but the terrestriall predominant
which is cold, it dry e, hath power to conuert 5' substance of all meats fc diinkes into her
corrupt, iK: melancholv nature, I doe not assent, that day ly more & more eiien to t'lo cor-
ruption thereof, that dnlne-se decayed incre.iseth, the nafurall heate failinije. Therefore hec
that dares not beleeue any thinj;ebut that whiclj is probable, I'C- vsuall it wilbe demanded, how
this may be, which they say. Amonjje the assertions therefore of these, and the powerfull
arj;uments of the anni icnt wi«e menu, whether so ;;reat power (exceptingo diuinc miracles)
mav bee giuen to Nati:re wee dnubtinije tliereor: not by the medicines of Medea wherewith Naiurt.
the (irecians fable her fitlierin law I'^son was resiorrd to youth; nor ironed by the inchaunte-
mcnts ofCirce, roncerninjie the cmnp.iiiions of V!\sses transformed into beasts, and broujtht
home a;iaine; but tauyht by the example of bruite be.i>ts, we determine to dispute of this so
siran"ea matter, and im|)os«.ib!o in the iiiil;>meni of manv, least wee iudgc menu of so great
nuihoritv to banc »|)oken altogether in value. I'iist if the I'u;lc renuinge her 3"c, and then '""; ' ''''^

' 111- 1 . 1 1 1 • 1 1 • 1 1 f .SruKti rfrme

(if snakes, wee rcadc that haiiini;e ia*t their old skinne, and ieauin:;e the spoylc amonge thciiint .b,-.
brake*, or narrow clefts of roiks or sfoius, ihey wax ynngeagaine. The s.une is also savd ofii":" "•
the Mart (if it bee a true narration) that hauinjie sutked in an .\spe by the no-trels (which
he hith Ion;; sout;ht) lyinge hid in viimortered walles, or within the limits of hedijes, in the
winter lime, he waxelh soft and tender like sodden (le-h through fori c of tlic posson, and
wholly ehanginge his (dd skinne, taketh new (lesh, and new blood againe: what shall we
sav oi' Hnuens, and Crowes ahsiavninge from drinkinge in sommer about the .Solsiitiuin, '^■'"""""'
(liiringe the bla-itesol the furirus iloggstarr, biinge taught by the instinct id nature, that in n.g (cniiitM.k.
those daves the waters of fountaines, and riiiers arc vnwholsom, flowingc at thil time from'""""'"''"'"
the menstruous wombe of the earth ? And of certainc others beside, of w1h>>c prouidence,
no foolish and ignorant authors haue deliuerid many thinges to posterily to bee read. If
these things bee true, if woonder working nature bee delighted to shew herselfe so bowniiruil ,„J°,' "^"'
and so powerfull in dumbe creatures not vndcrstaniiingc the cxcellciv y ihereid", as likewise
\n"ratefull: what woonder is it, if al-o in that which is more excellent, it engender and
nourish some like thinge in her friiitefull bosome so full of variety ' Out of the pn periies
i)f waters runninge through diners passages of the earth, and iliawin ;c thence diners culmirs,
odors, tastes, and (lualiiies, as also diners waightes, we see diueis ed'etts produced. No
Icsse also is manifestly known, that diners diseased are euery where curetl by the routes,
bodves, leaues, flowers & fruitcs of Trees. Aboudinge llean-.c also being killed, or to or
spcakc more |)roperly destroyed, ehider ariseth : i*\: contr.irily the goodnes of tlic blonl ''''''"
being corrupted, the purifying thereof by diminishing thv -anie, is founde to be the iuice of
flowers or hcarbes, or by eating thereof, or by bathes, & niediiiiies appropri.ited for y
purpose. Whereupon { humors being repressed, health is connaved to j sicke by smiling
V patient. If therefore, as it is manifest, these thiM^•.l•^ fall nut thus in them, why shall we
maruell, but that Nature bceing aUo a prouidcnt iiiut.icr, may as well nouri.-.h siinie ratlicall

humour

I |-titiaiion i

'!■:

!'■ <

)','

i.''

ii I

ill

If:

!.<>-<<

'^4

fo''^'^

^ I

^YiU

' I!

th« tnk

■of

An rS'crtioil
;.iiiwcrcd.

424 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, 27.c sfueiitfc Dfcarf,.

humour to rcprcssc thai tcrrcstriall part, so that the watery and aycry vapors bcinge restored, the
naturall heatederaycd ini<j;ht bee rcnued in the blood, which aristiugc, the dull hcauinea itselfe
may bee tempered, and all these beeinge restored, an old house supported, by such hclptN
may bee repayrcd. I should not therefore so grcatcly woondcr at the waters of that foun-
tniiic so much spoken of, if they bringc with them some secret vnknowne power to moderate
that crabbed humor, by rcsforiiij;c the aycry and watery vcrtues. Nor yet may your Excel-
Icncy thinkc that this is easily obtained or that these (hinges ought to bee done without torture
and distance of time, without fastingc, and abstinence from plcasinge and delightfull meats
and drinkes, or without drinkinnc vnsaunry potions vnpleasing to the last: they also who are
desirous of longe life, sulTcr their difliculties, as they who sceke bathes, and such as desire to
be cured of tlie troblsomc disease of tlie poxc, which some thinkc to be the Leprosic. Fur

Tiif iiMniifr of heercby ()cra>ion of takinj;c Guacum a comon wood in llispaniola, they abstaine thirty davcs
from all accustomed mcafcs and drinkes especially from wine, & the Phisitiansbringe thenito
such a dulnes through that fastingc that I should thinkc a thousande kindes of diseases might hoc
remoucd without drinkiiige the decoction ofGuacum, which for the whole space of that timo
they only vse. Let vs now answere a secret obiection, which at the first sight may seemo Ipnitj-
mate and iust. Some hane sayd : we haue not at any time seene or heard of any man, who at-
tained that gift of Nature, but both hartes, & snakes, and Esiles, and other liuinge creatures of
this kindc, by the iudgement of wise men renuingc their old age, wee see them euery wlicrp
dye, after a fcwe yeares of their age and surely they relye vpon no meane and foolish arguniciu,
To these I answere as few men haue the gilt to be sharpe witted & ingenious, or to kiuiwe
what wisdome is, so is it not permitted to all Egles, harts, and Uauens to enter into the knoK-
ledge of this secret. For the knowledge of thinges in bruite beasts is diucn>, as in menu
and though they knowe a secret, it may not yet be granted, that they shall haue power to
iniov it, seeinge thcv may bee terrilied with the memory of torments past, and the di«i(()iii.

Thf mixtycj of moditics of a longc life : so that they care not to returne to that shopp to buy such wares, [i

""^ "' must necdcs bee an hard mater for the fourefooted beastcs, and such foiilcs to indure somanv

winter coldes againe so many scorchinges of the summer >-unne, and often wantes of Ibodc.
But it is much more horrible for a man, by reason of the intermixed troubles, and vexation
of the minde, which the dunibc beasts want, and for a thousand miseryes, and casualties in ihc
diuers intercliaungeable courses of humane affaires, whereto hec is subiect, and for the
cause whereof, it often rcpentelh many that they cucr came foorth of their mothers wcmhc,
how much more to desire longer yeares through the straight and narrowe passages of (ire and
water. Who so doire the highest degrees in the wheele of fortune, more bitterly gnawc xp.

shrii.iMii' pon these meats : nrouident nature therefore hath appointed the terme & ende of life fur a

proiikirncr of ' • ii ■ /■ i i i i i • i i i «. i • * * i

iiatuif rihrr of speciall benefit vnto men, least they should eitlier be too much puffed vp in pride throiiLh

ti.f uodof na- |j,|,„ jiCp^ (,,. falliiijre into aducrsity, they should despaire, and therefore reuile herwiih

cursed speeches. I5ut if pcraduenlure any haue deceiued nature by such like artes and dc-

ui>es, in searchingc out her secrets, and puftinge the same in practise, so that thcv kni)\NC

how to prolonge life, it is to bee suposed, that happeneth but to a fcwe, nor to those fewo

in such excellent manner, thiit they can bee made immortall or permitted to iniov so rare a

preiogatiue any longe time. Let this be sufficient and more than enough, that I haue wan-

Hrcd in these arguments: And let euery one collect, or reiect, from them at his pleasure.

Yi'T these my writinges, whatsoeuer they bee, yet are they to goe to Rome vnder yourF.xdl-

leiicycs name, to the intent I may bee ribedient to honorable persons greatly desiringe ilic

same. Let vs aUo report ceriaine other thinges, though not impossible to bee credited, vci

to be admired, because not knowen to any European, or inhabitantc of the world hether to

iNuhMvlt'cr!'' discouercd. In the llandc of Fernandina, which is Cuba, a founiaine of pitchy water biirsicth

.si.ch. f.mnia.nt Qut, wcc hauc sceuc the pitch brought vnto C;esar, and it is somev\hat softer then the pitch

'n"shtophire\t"''''ic '""ee, yct fit for thecolouringeand beesprinckliiigeof the kecles of shippcs and other

a I'lacf . n.j accustomed vses : and my selfe pausinge a little at the straungeiies of the matter, seeinge wee

'I'c'lm'jciTmA' haue the like euent euery where before handc in a diflcringe thinge, I cease to woondcr. Omii-

rthmrniionm tinn;cthc Salt of tlic .Mountaiue, ol the pilts, and of the Sea coast, if the waters, retained in

l>i> Biitanuu. =* ' ' ,

vovdc

Imnioit.ilij hie

I .1

:5. ": ' .

ksJ^'

lie seuenth Decade.

The seuenth Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUIiRIES.

425

voyilc places (a« happcnctli in all the kingdonics ofCastcele) fallingedownesniticwliprc hy ilie
stccpc moimtaincH, be cdnucrtal tliroii};li the fcriicnt hcatc of the scorchiiige siinno into hard
and ronffialcd salt, w!io will wooiuler, but that by tiicsame purpose of nature, the like may also
bet- done, conccniinge the waters of that fountaine, brought by floodes to little trenchct, and
lowe receptacles without the Chaiuicll of the running riuer itselfe, or vnto a plaine plott of
jjniuiuU" may bee thickened, and incorporated into hard pitch, the vehement hcatc of the sunne
falliny;e thereupon ? There is yet another thing not to bee omitted. In the same Ilande of Fcr-
nandina there is a mountaine which yeeldeth stone bullettcs, which are so rounde, that thev ofimounine
fduld not bee made roun<ler by anv artificer, and these bulletts equall the waightof niettall, lit i" .'^Uli'^l'f'j"
to fidllill the raging niadncs of jirinces in the warres. That Licentiatus Figucroa, who ( as I «oiic huiict..
saydc) was made theefe I'rxsident of all the magistrates of Hispaniola, to require an ac-
compt of the gouernmcnt administred by them, brought many, all which, wee sawe j)re.sentcd
vnto Cjciar : from the arquebusse bullette, that mountaine ingcndercfh bulletts fiit for the
Canon, and the Culucrin. I vse the vulgar woordes, and names seeinge the auncicnt Latinc
tongue wantcth them, and I may lawfully cloth such thinges with iicwe ap[)nrell, as newely
arise, seeing (by their Icaue that deny it) 1 desire to bee vnderstoode. We also sawe such
as he brought, which are not lesser than a (ilberd nutf, nor bigger than a smalc tennis ball.
Yet hce allirmeth that both the lesser, and the greater growe there, of their owne Nature:
wee g:iue one of them to a smith, to bee broaken, to knowe whether that stony matter weerc
mingleil with any mettall : the hardnes thereof is such, that it almost broakc the smithes ham-
mer, and his anuile, bee fore it would bee beaten in peeccs, which beeing broaken asunder
they iudged there were some vaines of mettall therein but of what nature they made no fur-
ther search. These bullets are kept in Caesars Treasury. Certaine other thinges (not vn-
plcasinge) came into my minde. I suppose they wilbec acceptable to your Excellency, or
to your Courtiers desirous to rcade, especially such as Hue without serious imployment.

The Eight Chapter.

IN my former Decades, mention is made of an huge Sea Cane in Hispaniola and theofahuftSM
country (luaccaiarima.exfendinir certaine furlonges within hijih mountaincs, where it looketh <^'"""" ^'i•-

^ . . pjiiiolii and 1

towardes tlie West; by tlu bellv or b.igg of this Caue they saile. In the furthest darke bay ricasmt itorie
therei'l for that the sunne beames scarce come therein, yet enter into the mouth thereof at "''""''•
Sunne «ili, they who went into the same, sayde, their bowels weerc griped with horrible
trrrour, through the fearelull noysc of the waters faliinge into that hole from an high.
What the inliahitants beeleeue concerninge the mystery of the caue, left in memory from
their great gr.uul lathers, it wilbce a pleasant thinge to heare. They thinke the Ilande hath a
viiall spiriie, and that it blowelh backe from thence, and sucketh in, and that it is fedd, and
(lolh digest, as an hidileous and monstrous monster, of the female kinde. They save, the
hiillow hnle of this Caue is the female nature of the Ilande, and thinke it to bee the funda-
ment wlu rcliy it purgeth the excrements and castelh out the tilth thereof: and for proofe
h(crt'or, the ccuniry hath tiic n.une from the Caue, for (Juacca is savd to bee a country, or
nt'crenes, and larinia the fuiulament, or place of purgation. Wlien 1 heare of these thinges,
1 rcnuniber what rude antiiiuiive iudged of that fabulous Demogorgon, breathinge in the ivmosorgon.
wninbe of the wcrlde, whence they supposed the cbbinge and (lowinge of the sea proceeded.
Hill let vs iiiterminule some true reports with fables. Mow happv Ili-paniola is in many Hisranioij.
things, vS; how Iruiterull of main precious thinges, I haue often spoaken in my former De-
cades to .\scanius, and the Popes, I.eo, & .\ilrianus. They (inde tliercin daily more and more
many sorles of int dicinable thinges. Concerninge the tree, from whose cutt bodye, brought of ihr irt ih.i
into pinuier potable decocted wafer is made, to drawe the vnhapy disease of the pox out of "'"•'" !««•
the bones and marrowe. I haue both sulliciently spoaken, and now the peeccs of that wood
wandering throughout all I'urope, make triall thcrecd". It ingendreth also innumerable sorts
(ifsweele smellinge thinge> aswell of herbes, as trees, and great plentie of manifold drop-
piiige guinmes, in the inimlnr whereof that sort is which the Apothecaryes call Aninia;
.\lbuni, good for easinge the paiiie of the head, & giddincs. A certaine liquor also almost
vol, V. J I like

Animx alhuni.

If*, V

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4'26

A Strange re-
port uf a lish a
hunter nf tishci
worth the
rciiding.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

T/ie scuenth Decade.

Tlif Matlninian
lUnJ i(itijt>iied
ity women alter
the nunncr uf
ihc Anuiuns.

Mirgiriti an
JUiidof;*arl.
Of a biy i.rcr«
\1jreariia
which hith 1.
ciallriif pic-
rt'C-ttiuci.

like oyle, issiieth out of certaiiic trees. A ccrtaine learned Italian named Codriis, traiiailincc
oiier those places, to search the natures of things, hauinge leaue grauntcd him (for noe
straunger may lawfully doe it otherwise) persuaded the Spaninrdes that it had the forrp of
Balsamum. Now let vs rcpcate a few thinges of the fish wherewith they hunt to take other
fishes. This, sometime prouokcd mee a little to choller. In my first bookc of my Decades
dedicated to Ascanius, if I well remember, amongc other admirable thinges, because thcv bee
strange, and not vsuall, I sayd, the inhabitants hauc a fish, an hunter of other fishes. Stijnc at
Rome who weere apt to spcake euill in the time of Leo, scornfully made a mockc at tliis, and
many other such like thinges, vnlill lohanncs Rufus Toroliuicnsis the Cusentine Archbishoppe
(rcturninge from his 14. yecres Spanish Legation for lulius the Pope, & Leo who succeeded,
to who whatsoeuer I wrote was well knowne) stojiped the mouthes of manye by his tcsti-
monye, in defence of my good name. It seemed also very hard for mcc to beeleeue it from
the first bcginninge. Hereupon I diligentlyc inquired of the foresayde menu of authority,
and manv others beesides. What the matter might bee conccrniiige this fish : Who snydc
they sawe it amonge the fishers, noe Icssc common then wee pursue a hare >vith a rrcnch
dogg, or chase a boarc (brought into an inclosure) with a mastiffe, and that, that fi^h waj
sanoiy meat, and in the forme of an Eclc, and bccing no greater, it durst assaile the bi:;i;cr
fi-ihcs, or Tortciyscs greater then a target, as a weasell seiscth nn a stocke d"ue, and a gicltcr
j)r.ny if hee may come by it, and leapingc vp on the neck thereof, causeth it to dye. Hut
this fish by euery fisher is kept bounde in the side of his boate, tyed with a little cordc, the
station of the fish is somwhat distant from the keeic of the boate, thit hce may not pcrceiiie
the brightncsse of the ayre, which by no meaiies hce indureth. But th.it which is more
admirable, in the hinder pnrt of the hcade hec liath a purse which holdeth very fa-t, wliere-
with after lire sccth another fish swimminge by him, hee maketh a signe by his motion of
takingc the praye : the cordc beeing loosed, as a dogg V!ichainc.l, hce assailelh the pr.nc,
and lurninge the hinder part of iiis heade, ca-tinge that purse-like skinne vpnn the nccke
thereof leapcth vpon the pr.iy, if it bee a great lish, but if it bee a mighty Tortoyse lice seiscth
on it whore it lyes open from the sliell, and neucr looseth his hoKle till drawing the cord iiy
little and little he come to the side of the bo.Uc. Then if it bee a great fish (for the Hunter
rareth not for little ones) the fishers cast their li.irpiiige Irons or hookcs into it, and kill it,
and after they drawc if to the view or siglil of the aver, and then the Hunter loo-^eth the
praye: but if it bee a Tortovse the li-hcrs len|)e into the Sea, and lyl't \p the Ter-
toyse, with their shoulders while the re.st of ihi- com|)anv may lay liande thereon. The
])raye loosed the fish reiurneth to his a|)poiiiled place and remaineth lixcii there while liee
bee fedd with part of t'lC prav, as an h:iiike rewarded with the head of a qtiaile which
.slice hath taken, or else, bee sent backe againe to Hiintc. Of the education or traininj>c
vp of this fish vnder his Mai>tcr I hniie suffiricnilv spoaken in his proper pl.ice. The
Spaniardes rail that li^h lU'iiersus, because bv tiiriiiiij,e it selfe it setteth \|)oti the prav with
his pur-like skinne, and taketh it. ("oncerniiige the .Maiinini.in Hand, which I sn\(l, ndt
that woc'ineii oiilv iniinbitril al'tcr the inaniur of the .\iiKi/.ones, hut reported that 1 h,id
heard so: those witnesses Ic.iiie it doiibtfiill, as I did then. Yet .Mfon^lls Argoglius ("a'-ar-.
jiriiiv Counsillcr in the allliire-s of Casteele, and collector of the reiiemies of priiiclv .Mar-
garet Ciesirs aiiiii who tiauailed through those coasf'^, aflinncth it to bee a true story and iine
fable. ( (lehu.r wh.it tiiey declare. The same Deane t Id mee certaine other thinges, not
vnwrfiiy tlie reporting, mauv approuinge the same. Tlicre is another Hand (list uit from
IIis()aiii'il:i a1)<<ut -ome TOO. niyles, next adiox tijuge to the Continent, named .Marg'iriia for tluit
an i.'iliniie number of pearie« are gathered tiicre, out of shc'li-h : ihirtv mvles distant friin
Mipgnnia in llse (^)ntirlent lies a 15av in forme of a bowe, lik ■ a Crcs<aiint or new nii'nne,
like tlie Iron ■•liooe ol a mule, the S|)aiii;ird calhth such a Hay an Mlbowe. In ciriuit ii is
about some '.iU. nu les : ,ind is vii\ laiiioiis for two prerog;itiiies. Whafioeuer is washed either
In the flood or stormv tempests on the shoare thereof, is full of >-all : vet the ebbingiN, and
flowiiii^es are \erv siii;ile in :ill those roa-fs, to the northward : but in the South coasts it is
contrary, .\nothcr prcrogaliuc is this that there is so great a bcnefitt and so infinite a multi-

liiiie

II .1

lifiVj

e scuenth Decade.

th.it wliicli i< more

Tlie scuenth Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

42T

tijdc of fishes, especially of Pollardes & Mulletts, in thatBaye, that the shipped) cannot sayle
throiijfh the Haye by reason of the great number of them, without clanger of oucrswayinge,
amonge which the (ishcrs liohiingc, are stayed for the present : wherefore castinge out their
notts thev easily driue the scoole vnto the shoare. There they haue a triple order of seruicc- or their catch-
ablc attendants : they wlio stande on the shoare vp to the knees in water reach the fLshes i,"/,hcilfc|h."^'
(which they hauc taken with their handes) to the slaughter menn standinge within thcshipp,
who hnuinge liowclled them cast them into the handes of their fellowes of the third order,
who sea'^on the ri>hes with salt gathered from the shoare, prepared for that purpose. Being
so salted, they sp-cad tliem in the sunne vppon the sandy plaine, so that in one dayes space
they are saued, and preserued, for that the sunne beames are exceedinge hot there, both
bcecause they are next vnto the jEquinoctiall, and the plaine is compassed about with moun-
tainc», into the which the wheeling sunne beames fall, as also for that naturally the sunne
more vehemently heatelh the sande, whereon it beateth, then the cloddy or turfie earth.
Beeing drved they gather them euen to the ladingc of their shippcs. Of salt in like manner:
so V cucry one may freely lade their shippes with both commodities. They fill all the
neighbouringe coutryes with those fishes : nor doth Ilispaniola it selfe the generall mother
of those countries, almrst vse other salt fish, especially of that kindc. But concerningc
pearles, how they bee ingcndred, increase, and are taken, I hauc at large declared in my
former Decades. The same men of authority also (whom I haue often at home with mee by
reason of the afThires wherewith they haue to doe in our Senate) say, there are two smale Baho& zaw
riucrs in Ilispaniola, and the Priorye of the Conception, the one called Baho, the other ^^^^^•^^"'^"^"me-
relayninge their auncient country names. Now the Spaniardcs by reason of the mcdicinableJicmaWe waters.
properties ihoreof which I will declare, call them Conualentia, where they ioyne together.
Through so long a voyage at Sea wherein from the slraightes of Gades to the beoginninge of
Ilispaniola, they say led little lesse then .^)000. myles through the Ocean, in the view only of
the heauens and waters", through the chaunge also of meates and .'rinkes, buf chcifely of the
aver (for that Ilispaniola and lamaica are situated many degrees to the .T,quii«'>ctial beyonde
the Tro|)irk of Cancer, but Cuba standeth in the very line of the Tropick which the Philo-Cubji 'im.tem
sopliers (some few excepted) thought to bee vnhabited through the scorching heate of theTroi?i"k«iiRii
nine) ihrv s.(v, that such as lately came vnto them, for the most part fell into (liners''"'''?''"'"!;'""

I *i I ' I i' I • m^ f 1 f» . thought to bi:

'^t t, and they who went vnto the waters ol the riuers Baho, and Zate, now inter- inhabitable.
1. ^! 1 in one Channel, with drinkinge, &: washing therein, were jiurged and t lensed,
11 1 space onely of lifteenc dayes and in as many more were perfectly cured of the
paine of the sinewcs, and marrowe, and such also as had burninge feuers, <.V wecre
payned with the swcllinge of the lunges, were healed : but if they indeuored to wash them
sehics, or vse them longer, they shoulde fall into the bloodie flixc. Thereupon, they
who desire to g.ither golde out of the sandes thereof ( for there is noe riurrthat yoeldcth !^'^'i<'' '' •'
not golde nor any part of the earth without golde) dare not send diggers ir labourers'""""""
into tlie Channels of those riuers before noonc or suffer them to drinkc those waters,
thouuh ihey bee pleasant, and well relishinge, bcecause thry easily procure the flixc,
espi'ciall in such as bee healthy ami sounde. Tlie same menn also >av, that in the
North angle of the country of (Juaica larinia of Ilispaniola, many Handes of a smalc Guj-caiwimj.
(iicuil lie tdgi'thcr in a short trad, whiih tin y tliinke were sometimes ioyncd. One of
these excelk'lli the rest for notable li-hiiii: tailed labbiique iinitlucinj'c the last sillable saue I'baque m ii.ma
diu" : the sea bctweene those Handes in some places is verv shallowe, and full of shinilds, fi,iM„je.
hut heere and there betwcene, lie deepe pitts, and huge and maiiv wliirlcpoi'les. 'fhev ^av, \v!.i,i.i'.«ics
the pitts or deepe places, are filled all the vccre with diners (ishcs, as it were, gat here ,'. "''''''"■
together nito a sale place of succour as the owner may ^wcepe heaped corne out ol' ihe
fioore, so (they alfume) such as goe thether may after tlie same manner dealc with the li-lics
and witli litlc trouble, and jiaynes they may lade their shippes. It is a pleasant tliinge to otMnminng
lit are, what they rejiort concerningc certaine sea foules, eagles, and great vultures, bv their p'tJantreiaa.
speaehes I coniectnre them to bee the raueninge I'oules called Onocrotalv : Tor (thev »av)
lliey haue a wide and large throate so that one of them swallowed lialfe a rugge whole,
wherewith a soldier couered l.imsclfe, which hee cast vpon the foule seisiiigc vpon him with

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428

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The seuenth Dccadr.

Colo'jri,

open mouth in the sight of all the slanders by, and (they say) it was plucked out of jhg

throate of the dcade foulc, without any losse or harme done vnto the garment. It is reported

shee deuoured liuinge fishes of flue pounde waight at one swallowc, and greater. But when

they are fedd with fishes, it will not bee amisse to tell, after what mannrr they get the pray

swimminge vnder water in the Sea, seeinge they diue not as other seafoules Geese, Ducke-

& cormorants do : wheeling about and mountinge aloft into the ayre like Kites, and wanton

sportinge foules, they watch when the fish commeth to the brimme of the water to the briglit

ayre. For there is a great flocke of them that flye houeringe about, so that sometimes nianv

of them furiously cast themselucs downe together to take the praye, insomuch as the sea it

sclfe is opened an armes length and an halfe wide : with that great noyse the (ish flotcth

amazed, and suft'creth himselfe to bee taken. Two of the company for the most part take

one (ish : then is it a delightfull and pleasinge spectacle to bcehold their conflict from the

ships, if they happen to bee present, or else to lookc vppon them from the shoare: ncyther

of them Icaueth the pray, while hauing tome it in peices, each of them bring away (heir

Thedficripiion parte. Thcy say it is a birde with a bill of a spanne and an halfc long, & more hooked and

'''^' *'''"'' '^""''croked, then any other rauening foule hath, with a very long nccke, and with much more

wide and spreading wings, then an Eagle or Vultur, but so carrion leane, that it scarsc

equallcth the flesh of a Ringdouc. Therefore to sustaine the waight of her huge throate,

proiiident nature hath giucn her great winges, seeing shee had no neede thereof to carry her

Parntiofdiucri light body : the Spaniardes call these fowles Alcatra/es. Those countries abound with niaiiv

other fowles besides, vnknowne to vs ■, but especially Parrats of diners colours, and bignes of

body, which equall cocks, and exceede them in grcatnes, and which are scarce so biggc as a

little sparrow, are found there : and great multitudes of Parrats are no lesse commimly in-

gendred there, then Kauens and layes with vs : and it is there gencrall foode, as blackbirdes,

and Turtles arc with vs, and they nourishe Parrats at home for delicacy and delight, in stecdc

of Linnets, or Pycs. There is also another gift of nature not to bee concealed.

The ninth Chapter.

IN Hispaniola there is a Colony full of Hauens, called Zanana, because it lyeth in Znnana,
that is to say, a moorish and grassie plainc, comnioilious for the nourishing and feeding of
Oxen, and horses, for the Spanyarde calleth the like plainc Zanana: this Colonic lialli a
famous riiicr. At ccrtaine times of the ycere, it rccciuclh siu'h store of rainc water into the
channcll, that it fillcih all the plainc (th<>ugh very large) the Ictts of hillesaiid liinilts with-
standing, that the waters eaiuiot hauc their free course into the haiieii : and that flood L'linuetli
with it so great plenty of Kelcs, that the riuer returning to the (hannell, the lAlcs reniayne
a farrc oil' on the drv land as it were intanglcd among the marish weedes, and tiiidc canes
whiche naturaliv grow there. At report and fame tliereof, llic Mariin'r^ willi tlie (onsent of
the borderers, if at any time they went in due »cason, might l:ide tlieir -hippes wiili iliat fi«!)
if they pleased : but if after (he flood, (as it oCtetj f.dlelh out thr<iii;;!i the diners iii-^po>iiii)n of
the heauens) such as seeke I'xies prolong orde'erre tluir < n.;iiniiii;, or if impatient ol'delaves
thev purpose to lie gone, because they Wfiil before them, le.i^t liic inhabit ints exceeding
abiwidance of putridetl Eele-i, corrupt the a\rc, tlev driuc hcanis of swine into tiie plaiiie,
Si make a dainty feast to the ho;j:L;s, whereof (if a fewe carried thiilier from hence) there is
an incredible nniltiiiide in tiiose llai (le<. I5\ the i ainre aiui inclination of tiie lieauen, all
foiire foi'ied Ina^ts are c\ther ;;r<at with yout.g, or giuc •.iieke to their young, all
the vcere I uig, asid ofteiitiine-i both : ihcv aflirine ih.it yoni'g Cow-ealnes, iV Marc-
foles coru'cine the tenth nionet!), and often bring I'oorth two at one burthen, and that
they line h nger tlieii eUe wher vnder the ayre of our climatls. And this they j)roue by
one example. The Deane, of whom 1 l-.aue often s|)oken, is repirtcd to hane transported a Cnw
to lli>p.ini()!a ^i\c and twenty \eeie> since, which is yet iioing, and by totiinonv of the
borderer<, veerclv caliieth, and hee vaunted before ine (for he is \et with vs) that bv ih.it
Cow onely, iSc her ealiiC'' (allies, and suieessiue olspring, hee hadd gotten heurdes of alnaie
h(J(). head of cattle. They report the same of all (owles, that bceing scarce driuen cut of the
nest, and but \ct growing, they go to ingcndcr new pctetcritie. Hee is woorthy of another

commendation

Thf Colony of
Zanana.

Friiilfiilnrs of
t'jttlc.

The l')canf of

the Cnnctptioil
hi\ Cow.

rruilfiillut!
J'uwlrs.

'I <

seuenth Decade.

Tlie seuenth Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUKRIES.

489

commendation among the Inhabitantrs of the Priory of the Conception, the scate of his
rreanerv, that he was the lir^f fhat planted the trees of Cassia fistula, the former by lining
Deatiires the other, by planting!, himsellc wlierchy ihey say, they grew to haue such plenty
of those trees (as great a-i Mulbcry trees) in Hispaiiioia, Cul)a, and lamaica, (whose rich
ahbilike Priory gratious C,T-;ar lately giue me) that within few yeeres we may thinkc, a
pound thereof will be valucrl at that price fur which the Apothecaries nowe sell an ounce.
But there ariseth no sweet or liqnerish thing in humane alliiires, but it bringeth some cockle
witii it. So great iioundance of ants runneth to the sinell of these trees, that whatsoeuer is Amts.
sowed among tlicm, or neere ab; ut thcin is dcuoured by them, so that they now become very
troublesome to the Iihabitanls. Tliey report pleasant stories concerning the coddes of this The mdody
tree, ">r rather sheathes by reason of their length. The wiiuies blowing, especially vvhen I,„",''',"''h'e'''
they b.'gin to ripen, there is such a conflict bclweene them, that a thousand (lockcs of geese c'«siattte.
and duckes seeme to make a noyse or gagle among them. By that concourse, through the
(iiiality of the tart or ripe iuyce, or through the waighf of the .small seedes, and marrow or
substance of tlie codd, they say that sweete melodies of diners sounds are caused. Con-
cerning the tree, which I might rather call a >talke or stem of an herbe, because it is pithy,
like a thistle, not solid, although it arise to the heigth of a bay tree, many things are to
he repeated : but heereof mention is briefly made in my former Decades. They who
inioy tliis tree, call it a Plane tree, although it differ very muche from a Plane tree, The Pbns
and hath no resemblance or alfmity with the Plane tree. For the Plane tree is a solid "^"•
free, full of l)onghes, and more full of leaucs then other trees, barren, high or tall, and
long lasting, as I suppose your Excelicncie, hath sometimes heard. But this, as I sayd,
is almost bare, and empty, yet fruitefull, a little branching, dull, and brickie, with one
twigg onely, without boughcs, contented with a few leaues an armes length and an halfe
from the top, and two spans bioad, from the bottome sharpe, very like the leaues of
canes or reedes, when they become weake througli the cold of winter, they hang their
heades, and bowe themselues dinvne to the ground, drawnc with their own waight, and this
tree is so prodigall and lauishe of her vegeialiue life, that it withereth, waxeth olde, and The Cassii tree
(Iveth the ninth month from the time it beganne to growe, or when it conlinueth longest, *™h"ethin^
tlie tenth. It suddenly grnwelh, and being growne vp, it nourisheth a few clusters or "'"= '"°""'>''
himches of berries, from the body thereof Encry cluster bringeth foorth thirty codds, and
sdmctiines a lew more. These, in the Hands gnw in tiic clusters to the very precise forme
ami bignes of a garden cucumber, and so become greater, but in the Continent much bigger:
ilie greene ones arc sower, and tart, but being ri|)e they waxe white, or shining. The ])ulpa
(ir snl)stance thereof is very like fre<he butter, both in softncs, and tast, it seemetli vnpleasant
I . Iiini thai first ta-tcih it, but ti> sueh as are accustomed thereunto, it is most delightfull.
I he iEgvplian common people bable that this is the ap|)le of our first created Father Adam, I'he opinion m
'vlurel'v hee ouerihrewe all mankinde. The straunge and forrairic Marchantes of vnprofit- "" ^'''""'
■ihie Njjices, perfu:ne», .Arabian ctleiiinating odours, and woorthlesse j)rcci{ us stones, trading
iho'-e Countries for gaine, call tluise fruites the .\luses. F(.r inineowne part, I cannot call to
miiide, by wiiat na!\ie 1 mi^ht call that tree, or sialke in I.atine. I h;ine read oner certaine
l„iiine Authors, and haue que^ticmed some <if the younger sort, who profes«e themselues to be
lu'-t I.atini-fs, but no nian directet!) me. Plinie make fli mention of a certaine fruit called
Mi\a. One (ni>t viilcarned ) sayth. it should be <alled Mi\a, because it seemelh to dilVer
little Iroin Mu-a in tlie diuei itv of the wonl, or sound. IJiit 1 consented not vnto it, because
I'liiiie savth, that wine is made of Mi\a. But it is absuril to thiiike that wine might be made
(if lliis. I haue scene many of these, and haue not eaten a fewe, at Alexandria in /F-gvpt,
when for mv ('alh<irike Prii'.ecs Fernando and Fii/.abeta, I executetl my Soldanian Legation,
li is f.irre Iron) mv iiidgcment and conceit, that wine inav Ije wrongc out of it. Now let \s
'.'(•dare wlience this tree came to the Spaniards the Inhabitants of those countries, and whv it
is n >w so little regarded and accepted. They -av, it was tii-st brouglu from that part of ''"'"^•"^'•'
.Kiiuiipiacommidy called (iuinca, where it is very familiar, i*^ common, and growetii of the ti,': bright'
n«ne accord: being set, or planted, it is enlarged to such a growth and increase, that manv o'""'"i'"inei.

repent

I* li

it' ■ } s

'- 1

P, *

/hjr±

i< , -ly.

■V !;! !'

1 i.ifim

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^ifi

.'^ ( ;

430

The Cas,i.i
whtrt* it is
pLintcJ mdkctli
the c;irtli birrcii
;iml c.iitiiut bs
killeJ.

A tiwf

A tni- lh.it
Liriiith uooll.

Up :ui'iini .1 tree
ivl.rlL-ol' rojH-1
.tic in.ide.

■J h; d.niiUdr-
j .It, the Spa-
in .r.ir\ come 111,

Wi.ull 1^ UUI^t.

A i .«-Juri« uf

^•;i..!i and h -H*
thfv ate ci.'i Jit
t<v ttK Cucuii.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Tlie scucnth Decade

repent that eiicr tliev nourished or iilantcd it in their country farmes : wherenopncr it '
once planted, it niakelh the earth viiprolitabic for the increase of other things (eonirarv u
the liberality of Lupines, which fatten the <;round with their twisted gra-sc or stalkps) i'!
noiirisheth and spreadefh the rootes thereof more aboundantly then the fearn of tie n,:,^,,
taines, so that the Held that hath recciiied it can neucr any more be purged or elean<(C(l witli"
any plow-share, or mattock, but throus^h the perpetuall growth thereof, ari-.ing fn,ni cnery
little or hayry roote, new sprouts bud loorth ag.iine, which so suck the liuing uiothcr, whcii
they come foorth from the bottome of the body of the tree, that they drawe out all <i)e
streniith thereof, and bring it to vnlimely destruction. The like also happeneth afterv.anl i„
the sprouts themselucs, as it were in reuenge of their impietie towards their niotlier, thm
hauing veclded fruite, t'ley ])resenrly dye: it is so brickie, and frayle, that although it swell
to the bigncs of a mans fhi'4;h, and grow to the heigtii of a Lawrcll tree, as hath beenc s:i\,i
yet it is ca>ilv ouertlirowne or cut downo with the stroke of a sword, or cudgell, like ih;!
plant of fcnneil gyant, or of a thistle. There is a tree in llispaniola (and in the iurivliciidi,
ofanolde king called Mocarix, from whom the country retaincth yet the name) whici,
cc|iialleth the broad spreading Mulberry tree ingcndring gosampinc cottd at the endis (i(',|„,
Ixiiii^hs therciir, no lesse jirojitablc then that which is sowed eucry yecre, and veeldetli fniii,.
Another free bringetli foorth wooU, as with the Seres, (it for the making of threed, niuj f.,,
weaning. Hut they haue no vse thereof at all, because now they hauc exceedinu i;r n
plcntv ofsheepes wooll, yet haue they no workemen to this day, who apply themselne-i toi'n.
making or spinning of wooll. I5y little and little they will augment the Mecimnicall arts, ;,,
the people increase. Nor is it to bee omitted, by what meanes nature of her ownc rud,,!
giueth them rn|)es, andcordes. There is no tree almost, from whose rootes, a ccrtaim- Jut;;,
like \'erben spoutcth not, ihcy call it IJexmuni, it climeth yp like hop])es by the hfidv , •
the tree, holdelh faster then luie, reaching to the highest boughs, ixnd windetli and twistitii it
sclfe about the tree in such a niultituile of wreathes, that it coucreth it, as it w^mc a friciidlv
lielpe, and a little sha:low, to sci-ure it from the heale. Nature scenieth to haiu^ ingenilrcil 't
t 1 biiule great bnithcns together whalsocuer, or to sustayne jxiiiilerous and waighty tliin^ts
and aUo to fasten and tye beaines, and rafters of hou>es t igether: they say tliat the iivnt,
set tdgether with l{i'\ucum, are more safelv liounde, then t!i(Kc that are fa-tened with j-,„
navies: because it neuer eitiier rttelh with the showers of r.iine, or waxeth drie with i;,,.
lie.ite of the Sunne, and that it giueth wav a little without lire. iking, if the house h.ip|)i'n!i
be shaken with the fury ola xinlent whirlcwinde, beeing alio! tiin])er. (The Inl)al)iiante>r.H
tl)o>.e raging boystcrous wi!"lcs I'nracancs, which yse to pli'cke \|) lur;e trees liv ilio n,Mt~
:ind often oiiettiirow houses:) scch as were compact and set tngether wirh nayies, the ii;i\i,,
being plucked out, fell a sunder, Inif 'uch as the knntty bande-i of licAueuni t\ed to;; i it,
w.iggcil, and wauered onely when they were shaken, and after returned to their plai e, tie
i<iynls beeing closed againe. They sav, thev were greatly \e\ed with these furious whir!c-
winder after our manner, from the wry (irst be:;inning that Ilispaniula was iidiabilcd In imr
inenne, wliieli Ijlowing, infernall deui!> wen often scene. Hut thev all'.rme, that hnrrihie
calamity ceased, sin( e the Sacr unent of the I'uiliarist was \sed in the Hand, aiul tliat I'c
dcuils were no more scene, which faniiiiarlv \se(l to shew li;emselues to auiuieit peoph' in
the night : therefore they themseliies made their Zenies, that is to say, their IdoU which ilu'v
adored, of wood, or ol' liisanipine cotton siulled to the l.ardnes ef a stone, in flie likerie- i,i
walking spiiites, as paMiters \siil to dniwe hobgcMins xpun tlie walles to ti-rrilie and afl'riiihi
men from errors. Aimmge other lhini;« I -I'nt two of tlvso /cnnes (hrmight them e \>\ (', loim,
liie (irst iliscoiierer of the secrets ol llie Oct an) to Ascanius your \nrle, while his fortune wj,
a mother. Of Hexucum, as many ciil.-its as one hath necde nj tor his present yse, euerv (Jiie
m:iy draw out as it were by one continued threed. Let tliis sufliee for Hexucum: now let \s
endeuour to dechire another admirable beneliil of nature. In llispaniula and the rest of the
^)cean Ilanih^s, there arc plash\ ;Mi(i ii:ai i.'i places, \irv litt for l!u- K'e<liiig of he;u'des of cattell
(iiiattes ((fdiiiirs kiiiiics, ingendred of tliat moysi heale greiuiiivly afllii t the ('. Ionics, seatt'd
till the brinke thereof, ;ind that not oii-.h in the night, as in other countries : therefore thi'

iiihal)itar;N

Hie scucnih Decailt.

s : whorcociirr it is
liiiiigM (contrarv ti)
Uri-se or stalkcs) it
c fcarn ol' tie iit;,un.
gcd or cleansed witi,
ari-.ing from ciiery
liiiiu}? inotinT, when
I tlrawc out all 'lie
ppenotI\ afterv.ard ti)
[is their motlicr, tliat
ihat altlvHi);!) it swell
, as ivtith bceiie s:u(|,
I, or cml<j;ell, liko ihi;
lul in the inrindjciii,,,
yet tlie name) whiili
to at llic endis ol' il„,
e, and yccliletli IVimi',
ijr ofthrccd, and |,|
laiic exceeding i;r :;(
)j)lv themselniN 1 1 lie
c Meclianicall an-, u,
•c of licr (uvnc rud.j
)otos, a cerlaiiie lu'ri'.i-
lopjie'* by llie l)rHly of
vimU'tli and Iwistci'i ji
t, a-< it w.re a frioii'llv
til to liaiie in'icnilri'd ;t
IS and waighty thing's
lev sav tliat the iiiviit,
ire fa-teiu'd wiili Iriii

waxelh dric with iSc
if tlie lioiise 1ki|)1)iii ! i

(Tlieliil)al)ilnnii'>r,ill
iWXC trees by the ru.iis,
wid) inyUs, the nn\li>
JcMKiini tyed to.; l cr,
rncd to their phu r, to
tb tliesc fiiri(iU-> whir'.r-
ila was inhabited bv m.r
V ;ill'.rnie, that hnrrihic
he Hand, and iliat t e
■s to amuiei't |)rn|)U' in
V, their Idols whiih tlicv
st<inc, in t!ic likcms of
IS to territic and adri^ht
i.ii^ht thenee l>y f. lonis
Ic, while his forliiiie w.i,
-; pre>i nt v«e, eiicis niu'
or l>e\ii(uni : now li't \>
inioi.i and tl'.e rest of iho
dinj: (if heardes of cattell.
idbi I theC. lollies, sraiiM
.-ountries : tlierefore the
inhabitaiiN

The scucnih Decade.

TKAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEIIIES.

431

; the

inhabitants build low houses, and make little doorcs therein, scarce able to recciue the
maister, and without holes, that the Rnats may haue no entrance. And for that cause also
they forbeare to light torches, or candcis, for that the gnatts bv naturall instinct follow the
light, yet neuerthelesse they often finde a way in. Nature hath giucn that pestilent mis-
cheife, and hath also giuen a remedy, as she hath giuen vs cattcs to destroy the filthy
progeny of mise, so hath shce giuen them prety, and commodious hunters, which they
call Cucuij. These be harnieles winged wormes, somewhat lesse then backes or reeremise,
I shoulde rather call them a kinde of beetles, because they haue other winges after the
same order, vndcr their hard winged sheath, which they close within the sheath when they
leaue flying. To this lining creature (a;i we see llyes shine by night, and cerlaine sluggish
woornics lying in thicke hed^^es) prouident nature haih giuen foure very cleare looking
glasses: two in the seate of the eyes, and Mvo l\ing hid in the flanke vnder the sheath,
whicit he then sheweth, when after thi' manner of the beetle, vnshcathing his thin
winges, he takcth his flight into the ayre, whereupon eiicry Cucuius bringeth foure
lights or candels with hiin. But how they are a remedy for so great a miseheife,
as is the stinging of these gnatts, which in some places are little lesse then bees, it is a
pleasant thing to hcare. Hee, who e\ t'lcr vndcrstanileth he hatii those troublesome guestes
(thegnattos) at home, or fearcth ,-,t they may get in, diligently hunteth after the
Cucuij, which hee deceiucth by tins mcancs and industry, which necessity (effecting The maner of
wonders) hath sought out. Whoso wanteth Cucuij, goeth out of the house in the first •J",'''"s"'
twilight of the night, carrying a burning fier-brande iti his haiide, and ascendeth the next
hillocke, that the Cucuij may see it, and swingeth the fier-brande about calling Cucuius
aloud, and beatctli the ayre with often calling and crying out Cucuie, ('uciiie. Many
simple people suppose that the Cucuij delighted with that noyse, come flying and flocking
together to the bellowing sound of him ttiat ealleth them, for they come with a speedy and
headlong course : but I rather tliinke the Cucuij make b.ast to the brightnes of the lier-
brande, because swarnies of gnatts fl\ vnto cuerv light, which the Cucuij eate in the very
avre, as the Martlets, and Swallowes doc. Heholde the desired number of Cucuij, at what
time, the hunter ta^teth the fier-brande out of his hande. Some Cucuius sometimes
folioueth the (ier-braiuie, and ligliteth on the greunde, then is hcc easily taken, as
irauaylers may take a beetle (if they haue neidc thereof) walking with his winges sluitt.
Others denie that the Cucuij are woont to bee taken after this manner, but say, that the
hunters especially haue bouglies lull of leaues ready prepared or broad linncn doathes,
wherewiih they smite the Ciictiius living about on high, and strike him to the ground,
wliere hee lyeth as it were astonishr.l, and suH'ereth him>eire to bee taken, or as thev sav,
t.illowing ll>e f.dl of the llie, they take the praye, by castinge the same bushie bough, or
linnen doalh vppon him : howsoeiier it bee, the hiiiifcr hauinge the hiniting Cucuius,
returnelli home, and shutting the doore of the house, h Iteih the praye goe. The Ciiciiiiis
li.osed, -wiltiv (!\elh about liic whole lunisc seeking gnatts, \ nder their hangning bcdds,
and about the ("aces of tliein that slecpe. whiclie the gnatts \se to assavie, thev scenie to
CNCCule llie olVue of \Nati linien, that such as are shuit in, may cpiietly ri'st. .Xnotiur plea-
sant and prolitable comniodiiy pmeecdeth from tiie Cucuij. As many eyes as enery
Cucuius < pencih, the hosi enioveth the light of so manv candels: so that the Inhabitants
s|)iiuu', sewe, weaue, and (lannie by the light of the flying Cncuiiis. The Inhabiiantcs
ihiiikc lli;it the CiHuius, is deliuhted wii.h the liariU'Dv and melodic of tl'.eir si:H_>inL;, and
liiit hee also exercisetli his nv ti.m in i! e ayrt- according to tiie action of their dauncinn-.
But hee, by reason of the diurrs rirciiits cd' the gnatts, c I' necessity swiftly flytth about
(liners wav< s to sceke his fotide ; and (ur men also read, <Sc wrte bv thai lii;ht, wliiih
alwa' (s icnliiiiietn, \:^iill h< e haue gotten enough whcrebv he may be weil iVdd. The
i;iiats being cleaned, er tliiucn out of doorcs, t!ie Ciiciiiiis be^inninL; to |.uni-h, the l;i;!it
hc^iniulli to fjyle, ll.rrcfcre ulun ihcy set- his light to \va\e di-n, cpeniiig ll'.e little (h dce,
tiicy cndciioi.r to sti him at iibeitie, I at hee in.iy set ke his fooi'e. In sport, .iikI ic.eri-
nicnt, or to the intent to terrific such as are alir;iMl of eiicry shaddow, they say that many

wanton

I' •!{:

, ' 1 -TJ

-^h \v

\y:

K^-4

<l» *

(5 r'li;

'•-l',j^:;:

:!■ i|

, ! 1 •! I

IH^n

■^

' I

11'

If! : f Hi ''

*' hi

433

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The scueuth Decade.

Tlif prpat be-
iicHt iiitul)!-
t.iritfs hanr hy
thi.' Cucuii,

Xx'ix n kind of
("iMiii-s little
bijTgiT then
nii^e.

7 lir nvnncr of
thr LliiWr-bi:!!!
anionpf their
Mohicim very

Another nntjhle
r p rt (if the

Of a imjH Ser-
pnit with a
J iiigcrou* &
TTrari^c pro-
rertye.

wnnton wild fdlowcs snmcliinfs rubbed their fares by night with the flcshc of a Ciiruim,

bceing killed, with i»iir|)ose to mecte tin ir iuMjj;hbmirs with a flaming triintcnancc, know-

inj5 whether they mint to fr,n., a^* with vs s()nietime>i wanton yniing men, pultinj!; a gapji,,,

toothed visiird vpon their lace, enileuour to tirridc children, or women who arc easily

fri'j,htcd: for the f.ue bciii}; anointed with the liimi)e or fleshy parte of |hc CiiriiiuJ

shineth like a llanie of (ire, yet in short space that fiery verliie waxeth feeble, and is

extinguished, seeing it is a ccrtayne bright huinonr rcceined in a thin sidisfance. There is

also another wondei lull comnuiditv proceeding from the Ciiciiins; the ll;inders appoynted

by our menu, goe with ihi ir good will by night, with 2. Cucuij tyed to the great tooes of

tlieir IVete: {icr the trauiiler goelh better by direction of the lights of the Cucuij, then if

hee broiiglit so many candels with him, as the Cucuij open eyes) he also carrieth anotlier

Cucuius in his hand to secke the Vlix by night. Vtias are a cert^yne kindc of Cony, a

little cxceciling a mouse in bignesse, and bulkc of Ixulic : whicii four-looted beast ihry

onely knewe, before ou. comniing thither, and did eate the same. Ihey goe aNo a i\>hh\if

by the lights of the Ciiriiij, vnto the which art they are cheifly addi( ted, and exercised

therein from the crndell, that it is all one with eyther scxe of them to swimme, and to goe

vpon the drie land: and it is no wonder, the childe birth of those women considered, who

when they know it is time to bee deliuered of the childe being ripe, they goe foorth vnto

the neighbouring wood, and there taking holdc of the boughes of any tree with both their

handes, they are disburdened withi lit the hilpe of any midwife, and the mother herscifo

specdilv running, taketh the childe in her amies, and carr\eth it vnto the next rincr,

Ihere shee washeth hersclfe, and rubbeth, & dippeth the childe often, and returncth home

againe wiihout any complaint, or noyse, and giueth it sucke, and afterwardes as the manner

is, shee wa-lieth hersclfe, aid the childe often entry day. .Ml of ihcm doe the like alter

one manner. Tiicre are, who say, that the women being ready to bee deliuered, goe lonh

to the waters themselues, where (as they report) they stay witii their leggs wide open, that

the chi'de mav fall into tlie water. Diuers report diuerslv concerning these things. While

1 was writing this discourse of the prety Cneniiis, a little before iioono, accompanied with

Camillus Gilliiuis (whom I make my continiiall compmion, both beecause hee is your

I'xrtllencies seruarit, as also for his pleasing disposition and behauiour) lacobiis Canizarrs

t.'ie doorc-keeper of Cicsars < h imber, (ame vnto me vnexpecfed, who also from the first

beginning of these things (together with no small number of Palatines, the familiar

frindes of the Caiholicke I'lincis I'erdiiiaiulo and Ivli/.abeth, >oung men desirous of

niiuelties) went with Colonns himsi lie, wiini haiiitig obla\iud the second fleete of IT.

shippes, hee vndcrtooke the matlir or <li-couir\ of the Ocean : wi;ereof 1 haue suflicientlv,

and at large discoursed to A~ea:iiiis. lie tiei lared manv thi. gs in the preseinc of Ciilliiiiis,

while wee were at dinner. Who when he s.nw 1 had made mention fif the Cucuius, savtit,

that in a cenaine Hand of the C;inil>als, in an e\i cf ding darke night, when ihev went a

shoare aid lav i>n the «aiides, hee fir-l s:iw one onelv (■|iiiiiiis, \»hi(h (omining forth of a

wood neere vnto tliein, so shined vpon liieir Iic.kIs, tji.ii tho ci tnpanv might perlectK -(t,

and know one another : and hee afliruied withaniath, that by the light thereof, lettirs

might easily bee read. Also, a cilizi n of Siuili, a man of aniin rii\, tailed V. Fernaiulr/,

de la- \'aras, tine of the first inhabitaiits tif llispaniola who first frtttctl an house of stone

from the fi undation, in Ilispanitd.i, confes-iMli the same, tii.it bv the li^dit of a ("uruiiit

hee hatl n ail very large letters. .\i.r '. ill I oiniit wl.at h«e rtjicrted conet ruing eerta\iic

small >le.tkr ureene snakes very dangerous. I lee sa\ih, lh.;t these sir|)ents spicdilv

crcepc vnto the trees neere vnto the wm\is, and when thcv perceiue am ir.uiayler ah' ut to

passe that w v. thev take holde tif a hmigh wit!) tlieir tavie, h. inking thereat, aiul loosinir

themselui- from the bough, thev assaile the trauayler vi-,a\Narts, anil leapt- aisiin.sf his faio,

that lhe\ lu.iv hitt him on the eve, anil hee s;i\th that their propcitv an.! nature is, to aviiie

af no other place, sane the bright lii-ier of the eye: but I'ewe fall into th.it mi-the.le, hy

reason that I tig experieiiie hath m:ide them wary, to lake heede howe thev goe to iicirt-

.'U-petied trees as they passe by : this woorlhic inanne rejiorteth that one of them It n|Kd

i;oK!ic

'he xciienlh Decndf,

fleshc of a Ciiriiiii!,
•riiiitciiamc, know-
I, pimill}!; a ),':i|)ii,;r
rien who arc c;isily
•tc of the Ciicniun,
xeth fifble, and is
iibstance. There is

lliiiidcrs appoyntcd
) the jjrcat tones of

tiic Cucuii, then if
also carricth annfiier
c kiiidc of CJony, a
lir-rootcd beast tliry
•y goc also a fisliinpr
ictcd, and exercised
wiinnie, and to goe
len considered, who
ley goc fourth vntn
tree with both their

the mother hersclfc
^nto the next riucr.

and returneth home
wardcs as the manner
^m doe the like alter
deliiKTcd, goe Idrih
rggs wide open, ilwt
these things. While
e, accompanied with
beecause hee is ydur
ir) lacobiis Cani/ares
lo also from the tirst
latines, the familiar
ng men ilcsirons df

second lleete of 17.
of 1 luiue sunUiently,

presenrc fif (iillinns
if the Ciieuius, sayih,
lit, when they went a

( oniiuing forth ol' a
V might perlcclly sic,
' light thereof, leders
, (ailed 1'. IVrnaiide/
ted an house of s|(ine
he light of a ('iiriiiiw
1 concerning certa\nc
esc serpents speedily
anv traiiayler ah' ill to
ig thereat, and loosini^
ieape a-ain.-t his Iikc,
an.! nninre is, fi> aynu-
rito that mi^chcile, by
lowe ihcy goe lo ncere
it one of them leaped
i;oW!R'

The xcuenth Decade.

TRAFFiaUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

433

downe vppon him, which somewhat astonished him, and hadd hurt him, if (admonished by
an Ilandcr who was his companion) hee hadd not stretched out his left hand against it
descendini; vppon him. They say that the sting of this Serpent is hard. They also addc "" ^s"'"*
moreoiier that it is true winch is reported concerning an Hand replenished only with women rtion foimeriy
archer^, who are eager and stout defenders of their shoares and that at cerlaiiie times of the™'^""' 'Jj'
ycerc the Caniballcs pnsse oucr vnto them for the cause of generation, and that after they mtV
be great with chiide they endure the companic of a manne no longer, and that they sende
away the Male children, and retaync the Females: whereof, I made mention in my former
Decades, and left it supposed to bcc halfc fabulous. A little before. I declar-'d, that Al-
p'lonsus Argoglius the Secretory saydc the same that Caniz.ircs didd, hcerc I learned an
excellent poynt, omitted then, beecause ample mention was made concerning the Religious
rites and Ceremonyes of the Ilanders: for neyther doth hee who runneth on horsebacke,
atiayne to the ende of the goale or race at one leape, nor doe uhippes passe oucr the whole
Sea, with one blaiit of winde.

■ ' The tenth Chapter.

VVFlile the estate and condition of kinges florishcd the King on certaine dayes by a di«o.ir« or
nicwcngers, and common cryers commaunded the subiectes of his dominion to bee called J„'„'j!"fc"J.'"
to celebrate their sacred and religious rites. At which time, neatly dressed after their t*"''''"" «' '•«
manner, and painted with diuers colours of herbes, as we reade the Agathyrsi somctirr.es
did, all the men came, especially the young men : but the women resorted thither naked,
without any kindc of colouring or painting, if they had neuer bcene dcfloured, but such as
h.idd knowne a man, couered their priiiities with breeches onely. Both sexes in steede of
belles, filled their acmes, thighcs, calucs of tiieir leggs, & ancles with shelles of certaine
shellish fastened vnto them, which made a sweete ratling sound at euery motion, as for the
rest, they were all naked. Being thus laden with shelles, sh.iking the earth with their fcete,
tripping, singing, and dauncing, they rcuerently saluted their King, who sitting in the
entrance of a gate, bcaling on a dnimmc or taber with a sticke receiucd them comming
vnto him. When they were about to sacrifice lo their Zemes, to their Idoll (I say) like the
inlcrnall spiritcs as they are painted, and to the ende that bceing purged they migiit bee
more acceptable to their g<>dd, cucry one thrusting the hookc (which alwaies on these dayes
thev carry in their hande-) dnwne into their throat euen to the weescll, or vuula, they
vemited, and voyded their glorious ostentation, euen to the emptying of themchies.
,\fterwardes ihey went into the Kinges court, and all safe before tlicir princely Zcines, in a
rnundc circle or ring, after the manner of a Theater, as it were in the turning ( ircuites of a
Labyrinth, with their fecfe vnder them like a Tayler, almost trembling through pictie and
jcarc, they beheld their Zemes wry necked, bending their heades to one shoulder, and praicd
that iheir sacriliccs might not be displeasing to their godd. While these thinges, were thus
(lone in the court of iheir drumming king the women were busily imploved in another
pbce, in oO'ering cakes, a signe giuen by the Boiiifi, the women crow ied with garlands of fht Bouiti ih*
diiitrs flowers, dancing, and singing their hyinnes (which they call Areites) offer cakes in ',\'"'',"^ ''"''
l)a-k.ets very fairely wrought and platted in. In tlieir entrance they began to compasse
them that sate, who (as ihi>u<;h they had bcene rayscd by a suddainc leape) together with
the women (by their Areites) extolled their Zemes wiili wonderfull praises and cnm-
inendaii n, a'ld singing, recited the renowmcil .ictes of the ancestors of their King. And
after this, they atie tncir ZtMues tliankes for benetits past, and humbly besought him to
[iro'iper their future c-late, and then at length both sexes kneeling olFered cakes vnto their
f!(xld, the IJouiti hailing receiued them, sanctitied them, and cut them into at many small
liide peeces, a-i there were men there. V.i ry one i>rniigl)t home his ptirtion vntouchcd and
ki pt It the whole yecre for an h >ly rrliiji e And by the perswasion ol the Bouiti, ti.ey
ilMii.;ht that house to bee vi.lm ky, and Mioici I to many dangers of (ire, and whiriwindcs
wiiieli tlievcall I'lirac.ines, if it wanted lie li'<c little p. (ceofcake. But your Excillencv shall
heaie another ridiculous matter of no siit.ul moniciu; after their oblations, hanging with

lirioti.

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open

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k:,j\

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434

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The leuenth Decade.

Tbc Onclr.

open mouth they expected answeres from their woodden, or bomba.«m cotton stufled Godj
as simple antiquity did from the Oracle of Apollo. And if eyther by winde included, ,,'t
deluded by the Bouiti, they persiwaded ihemscluett that a voyce came from their Zemcf)
which the Bouiti interpreted at their pleatturc, they went forth checrcfully singing, and
making melody, lifting vp their voyces in commendation: and spent the whole day in the
open ayre exercising sports, and dauncing. But if they went out sorrowfull hanging their
heades, supposing their Zemes to be angry, & tookc that silece for a greiuous and
ominous signc, tlicy feared diseases, & other losses would follow theron, and if ,var
a^snyled them, they greatly feared vnhappy successe. Both sexes going forth sighinjr,
with their hayre hanging loose, & with aboudant shedding of tearcs, casting away their
ornaments, pined theselues with fasting, & abstinence fro sweet & pleasant meats, eiien
to extreme faintnes, vntil they thought they were reconciled to their Zemes. This lacobug
Canizares, & his cupanions report. If you demand (most renowmed Prince) what I think
here of, I sav, I should iudge they arc dcceiucd by their Bouiti, priests, and Phisitions, thrrufrh
some Magicall or deluding arte. For they arc greatly giuen to diuination eucn from their an-
ccston*. to whom infernall spiritcs often shewed thcmselues by night, and told them what they
commaunded, as in my former Decades I hauc at large declared. They are also in some pine
in the supposed Continent incumbrcd with vayne and idle ceremonies woorthie the reportinir,
The great and mighty Riuer Oabaiba, which .is Nihis is sayd to fall into the ^Egyptian sea hy
many mouthes, so runneth h into the Bay of Vrabia of golden Castile, and that greater then
Nilus : what people inhabitc the same hath bcenc sufliciently spoken in his place. Now let
vs declare the rites & customcs hitherto vnknowne, but lately reported vnto mce by the In.
habitantcs of Darien. There is an Idoll called Dabaibe, as the riuer is, the chappcll of ihi^
Image is about 44). leagues distaunt from Darien, whercunto the Kings at ccrtaine times of
the yeerc send slaues to bee sacrificed, from very farrc remooued countries, and they also
adore the place with exceeding great concourse of people. They kill the slaues before their
godd, and then burne them, supposing that flaming odor to be acceptable to their Idoil, as
h fthcir "''''' "^ " taper, or the fume of frankincense is to our Saints. They say, that within the

' ■"''"" " memory of their greate grandfathers, all the riucrs, and fountaines fay led, through the dis.
pleasure of that angry Godd : and that the greater parte of the men of those countries pe-
rished through hunger, and thirst, and such as rcmayned aliue, leaning all the montanum*
places, descending to the plaines neere vnto the Sea, vsed pitts digged on the shoarc in
stccde of fount.iines. Therefore all the Kings mindefull of so greate a destruction, thr()ii!.'h
religious fearc, haue their priestes at home, and their (^happcls compassed with countermiiris,
which they swccpe, and cleanse eucry day, & arc very carel'ull that no hoarenes, or mouldincs,
nor so much as an herbe, or other filth bee in them. When the King ihinketh to desire of
his particular Idoll, eyther sunshine, or mine, or some such like thing which the neighbour,
hood wanlcth, hec with his priestes gettclh \p into a pulpitt standing in his domcsticall
Chappcll, not purposing to ileparte thence, vntill tliey haue obtayncd their requests from
the godd, oucrcomc by their intreaty : they vrge, and vehemently desire him with ctVcciuall
prayers, and cruell fasting, that they may obtayne their desires, and humbly |)ray that ihoy
may not be forsaken. Being demaunded to what god they pourc foorth their j»raver'<, ihe
Spaniardes who were present, reporte, they answered, that they prayd to him, who created
the Ilcauens, the Sinine, and the .Moone, and all inuisible thinges, from whom all good thin;,'cs
Dai.a.bf tht mo- proccede. And they say that Dabaibe, the generall godd of those Countries, was the mother
CrVitor. ' of that Creator. In the meanc space, while the King, and his companions continue pravinj;
in the temple, the people (being so perswaded) macerate thcmselues with grciuous fa«iingcs
for foure dayes space, for, all that time, they take neyther meate nor drinke. But the fourth
day, least the stomacke shoulde bee oppressed, becing pinched with so greate hunger, they
oiiely supp the thinne broth of the liquid pulse, made of the flower of Mai^ium, that so by
^""?t"uV° ''"'*" ^'"' ''"'"^ *''*^y ""^y rccouer their decayed strength. But it is not vnfitt to bee hcaid,
byh^iltiaiuun. af^tcr what manner they are called, and summoned to their religious, and sacred rites, or
what instruments they vse. One day (the cursed thirst uf gold prcuoking thereunto) the

ijpaniardc'ii

Hie authori
opinloi) of the
Oracle.

Oibaiba coRf
pared to Nilui.

The IJoU Dj-
biibe.

A irad'tion of
Che

god.

An iniwere not
answer ililc t-»
iheir Idvjlatry.

M!' . / ;

seuenth Decade.

The seuenth Decade.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

Spaniardn hauing leuied n Rtrong power of armed menn, went to paiAie through the bankes
of that riuer Dabaiba. Hcere they light vpon a King whom they ouerthrew, and hadd from
him about fourtecne thousande pcnua of gold, brought into diuers formes, very faircly wrought,
among which they found three golden trumpet;*, and as many golden belles, one of the hclica
wcycd sixe hundred pen^a, the other were lesser. Beeing demaundcd, for what seruice
they vscd the trumpets, and belles, they answered (as they say) that they were woont to
vse the Harmony and Concent of Trumpets to stir them vp to mirth vpon their fcstiuall Trumpti.
dayes, and times to sport, and that they vsed the noyse and ringing of belles to call the
people to the ceremonies of their religion. The clappers of the belles seemed to bee made
after our manner, but so white, and cicerc, that at the first sight, sauc that they were too
long, our menne wouldc haue thought they hadd beene made of pearles, or of the Mother
of pearic, in the ende they vndcrstoode they were made of the bones of fishes. They sajy,
the cares of the hearers are delighted with a sweete and pleasant lounde, althoughe the
ringing of golde vseth to bee dull. The tongues or clappers mooued, touch the lippes or
brimmes of the belles, as wee see in ours. A thousand three hundred sweete sounding little OoUtn cod-
belles of golde, liiic ours, and golden breeches, or cod-peeccs (wherein the Noblemen inclose'"""'
their priuities, fastened with a little cotton cord behind) were in this booty and praye. It is chaitUy inioyii.
very necessary and expedient for their Priestes to beware of all luxury, and carnall pleasure, J^jj'",,',"]'"
if any (contrary to his vowc and purpose of chastity) shall be found to bee polluted, hee
shall eyther bee stoned to death, or burned, for they suppose chastity pleaseth that God the
Creator. What time they fast, and giue themselues to prayer, hauing washed and rubbed
their faces, (when at other times they walked alwayes painted) they nowe lifted their handcs,
and eyes to heauen, and abstaine not onely from harlots, and other venereous actions, but
also from their owne wiues. They are such simple men, that they know not how to call They «r«nni..
thesoule, nor vnderstand the power thereof: whereupon, they often taike among themselues y«pt«tit of '» '
with admiration what that inuisible and not intelligible es.sence might bee, whereby the mem- »'"''"'' ''"™°'-
bers of men and brute beastes should be moued : I know not what secret thing they say,""'''
should line after the corporall life. That (I know not what) they beleeue that after this
peregrination, if it liued without spott, and reserued that masse committed vnto it witliout
miury done to any, it .shoiilde goe to a certayne (cternall felicity: contrary, if it shall sufler
the same to be corrupted with any filthy lust, violent rapine, or raging fiirie, they say, it shall
finde a thousande tortures in rough and vnpleasant places vnder the Center: and speaking
these things, lifting vpp their handes they shcwe the heauens, and after that casting the right
h;ind down, they poynt to the wombe of the earth. They bury their dead in sepulchers. ^'j'jf,'""""'^
^^any of their lining wines follow the funerals of the husband. They may hauc as many as
they please, (excepting their kindred, & allies) vnlcsse they be widdowes, whcrupon, they
found them infected with a cert.nine ridiculous superstition. They childishly alTirme that thi
thicke sj>ott scene in the globe of the Moone, at the full, is a mann, and they belecue hee moone.
was cast out to the moy»<t, .md colde Cinle of the Moone, that hee might perpetually bee
tormente«l betweenc those two passions, in sud'ering rolde, and moysture, for incest com-
mitlnl with his sister. In tlie sepukhers, they leaiie certnyne trenches on high, whereinto
cucry yeere ihcy poure a little of the graine .Maiziiun, and cert.iyne suppinges or small quan-
tities of wine made alter tiicir manner, and they su|)p(>se these thingcs will bee profitable
to the ghosts of their departed I'riendes. Hut your Excellency shall heare an horrible and a honibie cm-
sliamefull act more rruell tlion any sauage barbarousnes. If it happen that any mother gi-''"'"
uing suck dyeth, pulling the child to the breast, they biirv it aliue together wilh her. But
in some place a v^iclilow miirryeth the brother of her former husband, or his kinsman, es-
pre iaily if hee left any eliildren. They are easily deceiued through the crafty deuiscs of their
priests, whereupon liiey religiously obserue a thousand kindes of fooleries These ihiuges
are reported to be in the large countries of the great riuer of Dabaiba. But vou si):ill heare
other things of the same nature, (last rehtcd vnto mee by men of authority, who diligently
searched the Soiilh shcares of that country) omitted by iligidius Gonsalus, and his compa-
nions, yet wt)orlhy to bee knuwnc: for besides ;Kgidius himselfe, others also haue searched

•i K 2 diuers

, A tllroltllf
m.111 in the

I i

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Th*t thtir
kiii^i Jit ihiblrl
hiut only irn*
nioK.ill itjiilci
iKd no uilur.

Annuill funr-
ralff,

tnrttri^rin^e
diinkci.

Sj^fcchfi at Fu-

Citrtan [ilankti
hot i^fTtiibleby
■«..woriD«».

VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS,

The teurnth Dtradt,

(liiirni coflNiCi, nnd nntionM nr ilioxc huge cntinlricN, with neuerall fleclM, n't I haiic ortcn
!t|)()keii. Ainoiijj the Kiii)<s of Jhouc part*, licttidom other foolinh error*, they kncwe thriii
toiirhcd with one, ncucr rcadc, or he.trd of before. They arc informed in Nome plarcs that
the Kings nnd Nublcmcn haiic immortal! ^4ollUN, and beleeuc thiit the houIc'* of the reitt
perish together with their bodie<(, except the familiar friend* of the Princes lhem>ieliirN, and
thoNc onely (whose masters dy inn; ) sillier ihemseliiCM to be buried aliiie together with their
maistcrs funcralcs : for their aunccstors haue left them ho perswaded, that the ftoulci of Kiiics
depriiied of their corporal ( lothing, ioyfiilly walke lo perpcliiall dcli^htH throii^^h pli-aHam'
places ahvaycs greene, eating, drinking, iV giuing thrmschies to sports, and dancing with
women, after thtir oldc manner, while they were lining, and this they hold for a certaine
truth. Thereupon many itriuing with a kinde of emulation cast themselues headlong iiit„
the sepulchcrs of their Lordes, which, if his familiar friendcs «lcferre to doc (as we ham-
somt'iunf s spoken of the wines of kings in other countries) they tliinke their smiles becdme
teinporaiie, of .efcrnall. The lieires of Kings, and Noblemen in those countries, renue their
luiieriill poinpc eiiery yecre after tiie oKI <ustome : and that fiinerall pompe is prepared, i<t
exercised after this maiur. Tlie King with the people and neighboiirhoode, or what Kdljle.
man so ciier lice bee, assemble together at the |)lace of the sepulcher, t^ hee who prep.ni(.(|,
this (iincr.ill pompe, bringeth exceeding great plenty of wine made alter their manner, anil
all kinde of meats. There, both sexes, but specially the women, sleepe not that whtde night,
one \shile beewailing the vnhappie fortune of the deade, with sorrowfull rithines, and fiinerali
soiiges, especially if hee dyed in the warres, slaync by the eneniie (for they pursue unt
another with |)crpetuall and deadly haired, although thcv lyue contented uith a little) liun
lliey ia\e the life, and manners, of the conquering enemie with ray ling speeches, and om.
rngions contumelies, and call him a tyrant, cruell, and a traytor, who vanquished their I.ordc
and wasted his dominion by subtill practises, and not by vertiie of the minde or strengtj)
of the bodie ( for this is their barbarous custome) Then presently they bring the Imaj^e of
tlic enemie, and faining light, they assaultc the Image in a rage with diners incursions: ami
at length ciitte it in peeces, in a \aiiie reuengc »)f their tieade l.onl. After this, they retunie
to eating, and drinking, eueii to drunkcnnesse, and surfeting (I'orthey make diuen* poiiniH
of inebriating gravnes, i^- lie.-nbes, as with the Bclga* ale is made of hoppcs, and come, and
with the Cantabri Sider is made of apples) Alter this, they come to ilancing, and merry
songes, enen till they b<.' exlreanie weary, eMolling the vertnes of their Lonle with woon-
derlull coinmcndation in that he was good, liberall, and \cry louing to his people, for that
also he WIS larcfull of their sowing, or |)lanling, and of their standing conic, and to distri-
bute all rruilcs for the benelite of the people. Tor this is the chicle and principall care (if
Kinges, that in military alV.iircs hee bee :i xaliant and couragioiis souldier, and a wise t om-
maiuler. Heturning againe lo their mourning, they lift \|) their \oyces, and bewa\ le the
deade iviih the r\ thmes whcr<'with ihey beganne, saying : () most l.nnmis, and Nobli- I'riiire,
who halh \iolenllv taken thee awav from vs ? oh vnha|>pic d.iy, which hath <leprined vsnf
so great fu'li<-ity, oh miserable \\retthes iliat wee are, who haue lost such a f.iilier of our ctnin-
try : these and such like thinges j)rocla\med, turning to the I'rince that is present, they
deliiier wondcrfull commcndalions of his merits, goodncsse and other verlucs, and conipassc
the king about uith resiles skipping and dancing like the furies of Macchus, \ct withall, looke
rciicrently \pp<in him, and adore him, and say that in him they behold a present I'C- fuiiire
reincdie and solace of their afllictions, and so nianv euils past : and after the maner ol'llat-
lerers, they call him m<!re elegant and tine then the finest, more beautifull then the laircsr,
and more liberdl then the most Ijberall, and singing all together with one soyce ihey pro-
i laiinc him rtiiu'inus and gratioiis, and many such like. Now wlien the day beginnetli to
a|)|,eare, tliey lue forth of the hou^e, and linde a C'aiiow (of the Ixxlie of one tree, ta|).ihlc
of ()0 oars and ni()r<') with the image of the dead ready prc|)arcd there. For the trees in
that place are of an exceeding length, esi)eiiallv the Citrons, the familiar and comnion trees
of those countries, of who-c excellent j)r«T()gatiues I lately learned one, vnknowne to me
before. They say the t'ilrcan planckes, besides the other auiu icnt commendations ihcreol,

bcccaiiM-

!!!

^1- ',

Nil. ■ " -*

ifurnlh Decade,

The a tuenth Decade.

THAI TIQUrS. AND DISCOUKFUES.

497

bffcaiiitc llicy ore of a biitcr J;wt, arc nnfe from that miiichii'uou* plague of Sea wormex,

which eal ihiough the piim|>i-<t of nhips, whemoeiHT ihe sea is full of mire & llllh, and hoaro

them wontc ihcn a pierced slue. TIicnc lililc Kea-woormes (he Spaiiyard ralleth Hroma. In

ihe mcane npacc while the maisfcr of this futicral notiipe comclh forth, the kinn't iStcwardcn,

and ofTlccn*, kcepc the fonsaidr C'aiiow of the dcade ready prepared without, tilled with

(iriiike*, hearbest, & fruits, & Jish, (lc»h aiul hread, Huch as he deli^(hfcd in while hee wa«(

iiiiin!;: then thcv who are inuited comming forth, rary the C'aiiow vpon their >iIioulderH,

coing about the Courtc. And prenently in tlie same place, from whence they lifted the

Canow vp to cary it, putting Arc vnder it, thev burne it witlt all the thinj;eN included, Hup-

posinj; that fume to be most acceptable and plea-inn; '" '''C nonle of the dcade. Then all

rhc womennc tilled with excesse of wine, with tlieir hay re liiosc, and their secrets discouered,

vntempcratly fomin^, sometimes with .1 si we, and somelimeH with a spcedic pace, with

trembling IcKK'"*' >*<>niewhilc leaning to the w:ils, and someiimcfl staggering, and raging,

with .Hhamles«e lalles, tV lastly taking the weapons of the men with noysc and outcries, they

brandish, and shake the spcares, 4V liaiidle the darts and arrowes, and furiously running

hither, and thither sh.-.ke the court it selfe : and alter this being weary, they c.i-t thcmsclues

tiatte v|)pon the grounde. not couering their secretes, and there sleepe their (ill. Thcie

thinges are chiefely \sc<l in an llanii of the Sea called Cesuaco, whcrunto iir men went by

the way vnder the conduct of Spinosa. Jitit one other thing omi (e>i, allhot gli but a domly

tale yet it is not to I)c concealed. The young mrn fa.nestly buysiot! in tht-v- mi^l pastimes,

exercising their Areites with songs, these arc thci' sports, ihcv ;. "rcr; t'lj mit.dle ;f their

priuie members with the sharpe bone of a lish, which the •■[.■riyardt,-* rmd L^il'u> call Kaia,

in (ireeke Uitis, and moouing, and exercise themselucs with skipp!.!'.^ iv (Inn. jng they bedew

the paucmcnt of the court with streames of flowing bloude. 'U ■,L'!ij;tti > ;.sting a certaiitc

powder thereon, found out by the Hauti for remedie therof, \im> ex'"ii»c l!ic olbce of .Su/-

gciis, phisitians, & priests, within 4. dai-js they cure Mn- woiimien >;iiifu M.to thfmsclue.s.

Ill those countries also there are subtill and cr%ftie Magitia:<>-. v nl Scui.h-rycr-, 1,0 th.ii iiify

neuer attempt any thing, without consulting vrith their Ai.^Ufcs. fo* whether thry :"irpr.<io

himting, or fishing, or to gather golde out of the mine , ir tij.crinine to •.(•(!■.? lor sncil-lishc

where the pearles growe, they tiarc not stirrc one '< i, vnles :ht n'.:.i.ler . . t/i.'.t a-; 'f ' ({'If-

nigiia (which is a name of dignilie) first signifye by hi-- a)i|;oyntnicnt. ''"ai ihr; innr iv now

til. No degree of .ifliniiie or other kind of kindred is for'iiddr with :.i(\ .hcM^h tjrwhi'i

thry abstaine, the parents vse the act of generatio with thrii dau):iii.rs, avi". hritlurs •//(•''

ilieir sisters (the wiues of the parentrs, although they bee mothers by he'cditarv rigd pro-

(iirc heires with other faculties) yt-t they sav, they are (inhie, an ) puM'i:i;c!y im lined to

jircposterous venerie. There is also another cus<time else- wher,, whi'hd is nniicK' v-iid ic

(iir llandes Ilispaniola, Cuba, and lamaica. That womanne is ;m:(()iim*ci1 nvre liberail, an«'.

Ill noiirable, who beeing able to receiue a manne admittet'\ mll^! to abu«-.' her, aod mosi <•<-

lossiiiely prostituteth her selle beeynnde measure. Ileercoi .hey yc'ldc inniie oxan-ples,

Imt one of them is gnitions .md well to bee lyked. Ceri.'ynt Sj;rpv:!rdr lat.'rmived v -th

the barbarous lamaicanes crossett oner the Sea from lamaira (>> Hi^jjjnjdlri, anionje ilie \vo-

PK line one was verie beauiifnll, who h.idde kej 1 her selle vntonched tyli th (. l.iy, a u' wai

:i iiiiicr of ihasiitie. The Spanyanics of purpose turning vnto her, began to va'i I. r iiig-

Lirdlie, and desirous to prcsc! lie her honour alter an euill nvmner. The hvciuious i ispo-

-iiicri and >^(iirrilitii' of those wanton young men was such, thit wiiv, ma'le the young oiai.le,'

.Jmost maddc, thereupon she determinetl by prostiintiiiu iicrsclfc, to c pect as riarv .as

collide al)ii«e tuT. I'liis m.iyden who nicely resisnd that conliin ai Imu, (.ln-wcd her sVlfe

iiii)>l lihcrall to such as desired to imbracc her. The m.iir o' » ari:? in bo'h scncs, is odious,

.11(1 iiilainous in the».e Ilandes. Hut in the Continent ii^ >j>:)ny pla;'.'i it. h tonirarie. They

.re jiiicrs of the chaviity of their wiues: and hercupcn (!iey are so (e.'.l(.iis, that the wiues

(lUiuliiig therin, are punislicd by cutting their th'^te^.

Wee conclude your portion (most noble Criiii c) wiih ri prodigious monster. What re-
!ii.iiiictb, or il any ncwc matter arise in t'>ev. ,1 ing 'iciiof, the Pope bv his parchment pa-
tent

'I'hf hruiiihlii.
luiiiour ul'thflr
wunicii.

A t'liolnli mill
Kltli)' |>i Hike of

/'.'Ullg lUCU.

'.T>.ll.i..« u

bcutci.

A worn -.'t liw
more comnoii
ihf mi'" .■ .X-.
.-ui.'IaLk'.

i.il lli:l'.;ii)tii
niintxi lilts
aiiiuilg rhrir
( iorioi , .uBucr-
.-ioiis.

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4S8

A ktrange tale
ol' a prodigious
iiiuiitier.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

'^e eight Decade.

tent lately brought vnto mee, comtnaundcth to be dedicated vnto himseire. The next coun-
trey to the fminlayne or heade of the riiier Dabaiba is called Camara producing the last silla"
ble. In the memorie of mcnne yet lining it is reported, that in that countrey a violent
tempest of blustring whirlewinds arose from the East, which plucked vp by the rootea what-
socuer trees stood in the way, and violently carryed away many houses and tossed thcni in
the ayrc, especially such as were made of timber. Through that violent tempest, thev say
two foules were brought into the country, almost like the HarpiiK of the Hands Strophadesso
much spoken of, for that they had the countenance of a virgin, with a chinne, mouth, nose
teeth, smooth brow, and venerable eyes, and faire. They say one of these was of such hiige
bignesse, that no bough of any tree was able to beare her lighting theron, but that it woulde
breake : and further they also say, that through her exceeding waight, the verie print of her
talons remayned in the stones of the rockes where shee went to perch all night. But why doc
I repeafe this ? she seised on a Irauailcr with her talons, and caryed him to the high toppes ol
the mountains to cate him, with no more diflicultie, then kites vse to carry away a little
chicken. The other, for that it was lesse, they suppose to bee the young one of the greater.
The Spanyardes, who trauailed through those countries about foure hundred leagues, caryed
by shii)pe from the mouth of this riuer, say plainely that they spake with many, who sawc
the greater killed, especially those approued men whom I often mentioned, the Lawyer Cor.
rales, and the Musitian Osorius, and Spinosa. But howe the Debaibensian Camerani frecilc
thcmselues from suche and so great a plague and mischicfe, it will not be vnfit to bee lienrdc.
Seeing necessitie quickeneth and procureth wittie inucntions, the Camarani deuiiied a wa\
(worthy the reporting) howe to kill this raucning foule. They cutte a great beame or peccf
of tymber, and at one of the endcs thcrof they came the Image and resemblance of a
manne (fov they arc skilfull in all Imaginary art) then digging a trench in a clcere inonnc-
light night they fasten the peece of tymber in the next way to the passage, where the pm.
digious foule came flying downe from the top of the Mountaynes to sceke her pray, leaning'
cnely the shape and proportion of a mannc appearing aboue grounde. Next vnto tiie wjv
stoode a thickc woode, wherein they lay hiddc with their bowes and dartes to smite her vna-
wares. Bcholde a little before the rising of the Sunne the fearefull monster rouseth her
scife, and commeth violently flying downc from the loftic skie, to her vayne and idle prn:
shec seijeth vpon the earned Image, takcth and gripeth it, and so fastened her talons, thai
she could not free her selfe, vntil the Barbarians issuing from the secret places where thev
lay hid, shot her through with their nrrowes, so that she escaped pierced more the a me.
At If'gth geting loose she fel down dead ncere vnto the: then binding & bilging heron Ion;
speares they who killed her carryetl her vppon their shoulders through all the neighbourins;
townes, to the ende they might ease their mindes of the feare they conceiued, and that thr.
might knowc tl»c wayes were safe whiche this outragious raucning foule made vnpassabli.
They who killed her, were accounted as CJods, and were honourably intertained by those
people, and that, not without giftes and rewardcs presented vnto them, as it happenethuith
many nations, when presentes are giiien by the neighbours to him that carryeth the sijjncs
or tokens of any Lyon, Beare, or Woolfe slayne, who expected losses by those wilde heavies.
They say her legs were thicker and greater then the great thvgh of a manne, but shorlc, u
in Eagles, and other raucning foules. Tlie younger, the damme beeing killed, was neuer scene
agaitie. Nowe, I bidde your Excellencic farewell, to whom I wish a quiet and peaccablr
lyfe in the kingdome left you by your Auncestcrs.

FINIS.

The eight Decade of Peter M.irtyr a Millanois of Angleria, chiefc Secretary, and
one of the Emperours Counscil, dedicated to I'ope Clement the Seuenth.

The first Chapter.

MOst blessed father, I receiiied vnder S. Peters signet (after the manner of Popes; a
parchment Bull from yuur lluliiicsse, which conteined two principail points : the one Juiul.i-

IIIIC,

) ■

lI j ;ft)' ! ' ■

The tight Decade.

The eight Decade.

TRAFFIQ,UES, AND DISCOUERIES,

439

line, concerning the matters of f ncwe world by me directed to your predecessors, tiic other
imparatiiie, that I suffer not the rest ^ succeeded to be swallowed in the huge gulfc of ob-
liiiion. I will not denic but that I deserue prayse for the desire 1 haue to obey: as for my
rude and homly maner of deliucry, if I merit no commendation, yet shall I deserue pardon
at the least. These discourses being of so great importance, and such quality, would require
Ciceronian spirites, as I haue often protested in the relation of my former Decades, but be-
cause I coulde not getsiike, or cloth of golde, I haue attyrcd the most bcautifull Nereides
(I mcanc the Ilandes of the Ocean ingendring precious stones vnknowne from the beginning
of the world) with vulgar and homly apparcll. Before that commandement of your llolinesse
came to my hands, I hadde directed many aduertisementes (succeeding th<se of Pope
Adrian which your llolinesse hath read) to the Vicccount Franciscus Sfortia Duke of my na-
tiiie country (when his fortune frccde him, from an vntired minde of a most Christian King)
and that at the earnest requests of his Agents with the Emperor. But now purposing to
scnde my painefull labours to your llolinesse, I thought it necdefull to fortilie and strengthen
these present discourses with the examples of thinges past, though dedicated to another :
and as a troope of Prelates and Princely Cardinalles of the Church vseth to goe bcefore the
Pope walking abroade, so shall that Decade presented to the Duke open the way. What hath
beene declared next after them, from diners partakers of thinges, concerning the adiientures
of mennc, of fourefooted bcastes, birdes, flyes, trees, hearbes, the rites & customes of
people, of the art of Magicke, of the present state and condition of newc Spayne, and di-
uers fleetes, your Holinesse shall vndcrstande, from whose commaundement none liuing may
safely departe. And let vs first rehearse what beefell Franciscus Garaius, the Gouernour of
lamaica, by a newc name called Saint lames (whose Abby-like Priory Caesars bountie lately
gauc mce) who contrary to the will and pleasure of Fernandus Cortes, went about to erect
a Colonic at the ryuer Panucu*. which at length brought him to his ende : next, where i'Egi-
dius Gonsalus arryued seeking the strayght so much desired on the North, and Christopherus
Olitus, of whom wee touched a few things in the former Decade to the Duke. Then will wee
tipcake somewhat of Petrus Arias Gouernor of the supposed Continent, seeking the same.
And presently after, wee will recite Liicntiatus Marcellus Villalabos, ludge of the Indian
Senate in Ilispaniola, & his familiar lacobus Garsias Barrameda, who comming lately from
Fernandus Cortes gouernour of Nona Hispania, reported certaine great and strange matters
vnto me. Many others also shalbe called into this void plot, among who Fryar Thomas Hortizius
(one of the 2. coloured Dominican Fryars, a manne of api roued honesty) shall be brought
forth, who was long conuersant with the Chiribichenses tlie inhabitantes of the supposed
Continent. Nor shall lacobus Aluarez Osorius be omitted, being nobly descended, a priest
ot" the Priory of Darien, and for his worthinesse a Chaunter, who also himselfc vnder the
ronducte of Spinosa through that vastity of the South Sea spentc many yeercs with great cx-
iicmilics and daungers, and that in searching the countries of Dabaiba. From the large vo-
lumes of these, and such like menne of authoritie beeing absent, and by woorde of mouth
(if those that come about their atliiyres, I gather those thinges, which three Popes, and other
Princes commaunded me to signifie vnto you. Let vs therefore place the life, and the vnhap-
|)ic death of Garaius in the first front of our narration. In the former bookes directed to
Adrian the Prcdecessour of your Holinesse, I thinke, in manie places it is sayde, that there
was secret hatred bettweene Fernandus Cortes the Conquerour of newe Spayne, and the
j;rt'af Prouinits thereof, and this Garaius, by reason that Garaius seemed desirous to possesse
the I';uuican countries bordering vpon the Dominions of Cortes. Wee haue also said that
Garaius himseife with great losses was twice ouerthrowne by the almost naked inhabitauntes,
who dwelt vppon the greate Ryuer Panucus, and wandring like a fugitiue arryued as often
within the power of Fernandus Cortes, and was by him relieued, and often refreshed with
iicce-isarics, when he wanted, as appeareth at large by Cortes his writinges, and myne, wand-
ryng through the Christian worlde. Foure shyppes are arryued from the Indies, aiul wee
haue rccciued letters from those who were partakers of the paynefull labours, and miseries,
and also haue the discourse of Garaius, by woorde of mouth from them who returned. Bee-
ing

Hf rehearifih
more at brtic
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ill ihf formrr
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440

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

/nn.i Toril'lj
f.ilsly so called.

Om'ttai.

The eight Decade.
ing about (o possessc (by Caesars permission) the banices of the great ryuer Paniicus nowe
discniiered, to the intent hee might plant a Colonic there, whereof hee hadde long considered
the eighteenth of the Calendes of lune, he dejjarted from lamaica (by a newe name called
the Ilande of S. lames, whiche hee goucrned a long time) with a fleete of 11. ahyppes
whereof sixe were of the burden of a hundred and twentic and a hundred and (iftie tunnes'
two were of that kinde which the Spanyard calleth Carnuelles, and as many Brigantines with
two ranges of oares: the inimber of his souldiers were, 144. horse, 300. archers footemen
200. shotte, yOO. bearing swoordes and targettes, and with this armie he sayled towardes
(^^iiba called Ternandina. The Tropick of Cancer diuideth Cuba. lamaica lyeth more to the
South from it, within the Zone falsely called Torrida by auncient writers. Cuba is almost
twice a-! long as Italic, the furthest West angle whereof full of hauens, called the
Ileadc o( the Cmrentc-;. Garaius tooke, and purposing to take in frcshe water, woode, and
grasse to feede the horses, hee aboade there some (ewe dayes. That angle is not very
farre disfaunt from the first limitles of Nona Hispania, which Cortes in Caesars bechairp
commaiindcth, whereby lice vnderstoode that Cortes hadde erected a Colonic vppon the
bankc of I'anucus. Garnius sendeth for the Centurions, they consult, and deliberate what
was needfuil to beedoone. Some thought it (itte to seekc newe coiuitries, seeing manie lav
open vnto them, and that the fortune and greatnesse of Cortes was to bee feared, others ad-
uise and counselled, thit the waighty charge they hadde vndertaken was not to be forsakon
especially beeing coniirmed by C.xsars letters patents, whereby he consenteth the IVniiinco
shoulde bee called Garaiana. Their suflVages and consent prcuayled, who tookc the woorscr
parte : so that the pernicious opinion of his consortes pleased Garaius well. Ilauing scmndcd
the mindes of the Centurions, and Commanders, hee excerciscd a vaine shaddowe and cdim.
terfeit shewc of erecting a Common-wealth, and diuidelh the places of Magistracy, and
authoritie, among ihem, to the intent that hauing ottered honour and prcfcrmentcs vnto
them, hee might cause the chiefe mennc to bee more rcadie and prompt. And of thi,
AiphonsuiMcn-^haddowlike & Imaginary Colonic he crealeih gouernors, Alphonsus Mcndoza, the ncphcwc
of Alphonsus Paclucus sonictinies .Maister of the Spatensians, and ioyned as fellowe in dnirr
with him Fernandus Figneroa a citizen of Caesars Castle of no mcane and base parentage, nul
two otiicrs J)ro!iglif away from the Hand of Cuba. But the chicle Gouernour of the cittic hoc
Go.isaius oujg- (-re.itcd Gonsalus Ouaglius, a noble mann of Salamantinum, neere kinsmanne of the Diiki- 1 1
laoobuj tifon- Alba, and N'iilagranus his olde familiar of the kings house, and lacobus Cifonteiis, one tift'c
"''"• common people, iiiit industrious and wiie. Out of the vulgar sorle also hee created ].\c.

cutory soulilicrs, w'niche the Spanyard calleth Algua/illos, and Kdiles or clarkes of the .\hr-
kcttes to looke to the waights, and measures. All these, (laniius bindelh to him bv o.itli,
asavnsf Cortes if peradiienturc it sh( ulde come to armes, or other violent courses. Sd, dr.
ceiii'.d with vayne hope, bceiiii; not experienced in the rasiialtics of fortune, nor well in-
cjuainted vsith the criltc and sulttiltie of ('• rfcs, thev sctte savie: if thev hadde knownc ihp
goo;! hapi.'c proflrred, rcTtiiiie ollerrd tliem her bicssrd bnwe. Suddenly from the South a
tciiipiNf ;jro«e, wliiih deiciiied ihe I's loiles. Tiie shvppes comming neere the lande fell into a
rviirrMimewh^ii le«se tlu-n I'anurns, wliiclie they siipp(>se to bee Panucus. Thisrvuer lav to the
NiTihwarde from Panucus, whether the \iolenceof the winds trasported them, peraducntiire
ah'ii.t Nome 70. leagues tow.TcN the l.uule of Florkla latciv knowne and disceuered. Thi-
tw( Illy line of lunc vppon whiche day, Spaync celcbrafeth the solemiiifie of S.iiiii Inmi^f
tl'c'r pr. ti-eior with (iOl), they eiifred the month of that r\ iier, and cast anker, in the slioarc
wiuTcol thev tiiule Palme, or D.itclrees, wlier<ii|K)n tliey<.iliit the rvui-r of Palme trees.
The buvsinesse or charge (if seari'hing the bordering coiintie\, is coniniitied to Gonsal'is
D.icaaijwi^ the sisters sonne of Garaiu", for wiiiei>e seruice thev send from the Fleete a sir.all
drewe

Fcrnsniiii
gueroj.

The rjiirr of
I'slrntucc*.
Goii.alii. I.)o.
Limpus.

Bri;, ir.t'iic N^l'.ichc
.■•ix'iit three (laves

litlle w.itrr. Doiampns s.ijled lil'tetne lea'.'iie-. \ ppe ihv- rviicr,
.iiicl asc^nJing \ ppe tlie iviier by little and lillle, |.e I'l imd oth< r
ruHTs were n i tiued into l.'r.it grt-aier lyiicr, and hauing Ins eies lixed on Paiiucis,
hee fai-eiv reported that the coujliy wa-. vnmaiuired, MpnlitaMe, ai.d diseit. I'rr
they learned afieruardes that tliis Proiiinre was plea»ant, and well blest, and stored

'<i

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t angle is not ve

The eight Decade.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

441

. ttrange kinile

with people. But credite was giuen to a lyar, wherefore they determined to proceede
on their voyage towardes Panucus. The horses were nowe faint with famine, there-
fore they tooke them out of the ships together with manie footemen. The Marriners are
charged to sayle alwayes within viewe of the shore, as if they hadde power to commaunde
the sourges, and waues of the water. Garaius himselfe taketh his iourney by lande towardes
Panucus, in battayle array, least if any violence of the inhabitantes suddenly assayled them,
they shoulde be founde vnprepared. The first three dayes they founde no manured lande
where they marched, but all barren and rude, because moorish, and myerie. Tliey meete
with another nauigable ryuer in the way, compassed with high Mountaynes, tnereupon MonnUusi
they called the ryuer Montaltus. They pas'-!;!! ouer that ryuer partly by swimming, and """'
partly vppon raftes or great peeces of timber ioyi ed and fastened together, so that at length
with great danger and labour, beyondc that Hut :, far of they saw an exceeding great towne :
then they orderly range the army', and march soltly forwarde, placinge the Arquebusse shotte,
and other souldiers (to hit them farre of) in the front of the Battayle. Our menne comming
towardes them, the townsmen left the towne, and fledde away, where, finding their houses
fill! of the country prouision, Garaius rccreateth and refresheth the souldiers, and horses nowe
faint with hunger, and wearycd with trauayle of the iourney. And with that which remained,
he carrieth prouision of victuail with him.

The second Chapter.

THe Barbarians fill their banies or store-houses with two kinds of food with their coutry
graine called Mai/ium (as wo haue often sayde) much like the graine Panicke of Insubria, A«rin
& with apples, of an vnknownc sent to vs, and of an eager sweete tast, apt & profitable for" "'"■
the stopping and restraining of finxes, as wee reade and finde by experience of the berries of
the Seruice, and Corncile trees, which are no lesse then an Oringe or a Quince, and that kinde
of (riiite the inhabitantes call Gutianas. Beyonde the ryuer inclosed with Mountaynes
marching through rude and barren ccuntries, they light on a great lake, whiche by a deepe ■* 6«« l«k«-
sireamc no where shallowe, emptyeth the waters (hereof in tlie neere bordering sea. They
.nsrendc vppe the b.inkes of (his lake thirtic leagues from the mouth of the riuer, they trye
.nnd search the shallowe places, bceaiisc they knewe that manic ryucrs fell into the lake be-
low, and with great labour and pcrill halle swimming they passe it. A broad playne offercth
it selfc to their viewe. They sec a great towne a farre of And least as the former moucd
through fcare fled away, Garaius conimnndcth the armie to make a stande. and pitch their
aiicientu in the open ayre, then seiuliih he interpreters before, neere neighbours to these
routries whom he had gotten the former yeerr, who were now skillful in the Spanish tong.
OlVering peace by them, hce draweih (he inhabitniues of the towne to entertayne amitie and
Iricnd-shyppe. Hcereupon, the inhabitantes lade our men with breade of the graine \fai-
zium, foules of that Prouirice, and fruites. By the way they light on another village, where
hauing hcarde by reporte that our menne abstained from wrong and iniurie, they securely
expect them, and glue them prouision of victuail, but not plentifully to their satisfaction.
Thereuppon a tumulte almoste arose agaynst the Generall Garaius, for that hee woulde not
sulFer them to spoyle the villa;;c. Marching further, they meet with the thirde ryuer, in pass- * 'i""-
inii whereof they lost eight horses violently carryed away with the force of the current. Trn-
iiailing thence they founde huge myerie marishcs with noysome gnatts, full of diners sortes ^'"".'^^'* '"" "*
(if Hevueum, bceing eortayne hearbes or long grasse whiche holde fast, infoulding, and in-
t.uinling the leggcs of trauaylers. Goneerning this prouidence of nature touching the
Bexura, I haue at large di-scoursed in my |)roecedinges to (he Duke. The footemenne
fDuered with water vppe to the wa^t, the horsemenne to the belly, passed out; halfe fainte
uikI tvrcd. Nowe they came into ccuntries iiiryr'.icd with a fruitefull soyle, and thcrc-
fiire inhabited, and bcautifyed with manv villages. Garaius suffered no damage or iniurie
In bee (loone to anie. A cerfavne scruant of" fiaraius neere about him, escaping from so
ijrent a slaughter, .is hereafter wee will describe, writcth a large Epistle to Petrus Sj)inosa
.Maistcr or Stcwarde of the house of Ciaraius, and his sonnes after his death, nowe Agent
vol.. V. 3 I. with

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449

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The eight Decade.

The lande of
miiery.

Oaraius cum-
mtthtoPunurti^.

A grfat fn-\nf
dc-<tt..'ytd bjr

Cl'.tlif a ercat
lownt- H<!ti(tyed
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Sa-nt Stephen a
to vne.

The fri'ilf 1-
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PallUL'UI.

The amHicious
pafirn thv ans ii
wl't sn.l hM.Jii'
bit owne cndri.

He returnet to
Gam III.

with Caesar, wherein full of greife, yet after a wittie and conceited manner, hee deliuereth
these merrie Jesting woordes m Latine, concerning the difficulties of that iourney. Wee
came (sayeth hee) to the lande of miserie, where no order, but euerlasting labour, and all
calamities inhabite, where famine, heate, noysome Gnattes, stinking Woormes or Flyes,
cruell Batfes, arrowes, intangling Bexuqa, deuouring decpe ditches, and muddie lakes most
cruelly afflicted vs. At length they attained to the bordering countrey of the riuer
Panucus the vnhappie point or period of their iourney, where Garaius stayeth expecting
the ships, but founde nothing fitte for foode. They suspect Cortes had caryed away all
prouisioa of victuall, that finding nothing for themselues, or their horses, they shoulde bee
constrayned either to depart backe againe, or perish with hunger. The fleete which caried
their necessaries of prouision deferred their c5ming. Where fore Garaius and his com-
panions dispersed themselues through the townes and villages of the Barbarians to gette food,
& no we Garaius beganne to suspect that Cortes was not well inclined vnto him : he there-
fore scndeth Gonsalus Docampo his sisters sonne to prooue howe the Colonies of Cortes
stoode affected towardes him, Gonsalus returneth seduced or deceiued, and fained that all
was safe, and that they were ready to yeeld obedience to Garaius. Vpon the report of his
sisters sonne, and his associats sent with him, by euill destinie, hee approacheth neere to
Panucus. Heere let vs digrcssc a little, to the ende these thinges, and that whiche
followcth may the better be vnderstoodc. Vppon the b? '.^ of this great riuer Panucus,
not far from ^ mouth, which conueyeth the waters thereof into the sea, stoode a great
towne of the same name, consisting of 14000. houses of stone for the most parte, with
princely Courtes, and sumptuous Temples, as the common reporte goeth. That townc
Cortes vtterly ouerthrewe, and wholly burnt it, because it refused his commande, not
suffering any thing to be builtc vppon that grounde any nvore. He dealt after the same
maner with another towne seated vp the ryuer, about some 25. miles dislat fro this, grcatrr
the Panucus, they say it cosisted of 2000. houses, which also ( vpon the same occasion ) lie
laide flalte with the grounde, and burnt it. This towne was called Chiplia. Aboue Chiglia
ouerthrownc, Cortes erected his Colonic about some three miles, in ,. excellent plainr,
but vppon a little rising hill, and this hee called the towne of Saint Stephen. Shippes ol
burden may come vppe the channcll of this ryuer for many myles together. The people
of this Prouince ouerthrewe Garaius twice, as in the former Decades hath beene sufficieiiliv
and at large declared, but they couldc not resist Cortes, who ouerthrewe all he mcite wiili.
They reporte that those countries are very wealthieand fruitefuHi not onely apt for the nourish-
ing of anie thing sowed, and the increase and fruitc of trees, but (hey say it m.iyntaiiicth
hartcs, hares, conies, and bores, and many other wilde beastes, and that they also vcelde
and in^cnder water foule, and other wilde foule : they haue veric hygh mouniaines within
view, some where coucrcd with snow. Beyond those Mountaines, reporte goeth ilut
goodly cities, and excellent townes lye in an huge playne, which tho.se mounlnynes diuiile
from these, bordering on the .Sea, and they als,) shall be subdued, vnlesse the boyling and
vaine glorious disposition of the Spanyardes withstand it, who seldome agree in mind, for
the desire they haue to aduance their ownc honors. Howe much euery one indeuoreih to
attribute to himselfe in this blinding mealc of ambition, wherein none indureih the
soueraigntie and commad of another with quiet spirit, I haue sufficiently and at large
dechtrcd in those relations which went before, where I spake of the priuie hatred and
dissentions arising betweene lacobus Velasquez the gouernour of Femandina, which is
Cuba, and Fernandus Cortes, then, betweene Cortes himselfe, and Pamphiluu Nabaezus,
and Giisalua, from whem a riuer in the Prouince of lucatan receiued the name, next, of
the reuolt of Christopherus Olitus from Cortes, after that beetweene Petrus Arias gouernour
of the supposed Continent, and a^gidius Gonsalus, and in the last place of the generall
desire of seeking the Strayght or narrowe passage from the North Sea to the South : for
Commaunders and Captaynes who inhabite those countries in the kinges name came flock-
ing from all partes. These thinges partly related in their places, what arose on these con-
tentions shall bee declared. Nowe lette vs returne tu Garaius from whom wee digressed.

Approacli-

! ."■?

The eight Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

443

Approaching to the borders of Panucus, hee found all the countrey impoucrished, and
knewe manifestly that his sisters soone hadde made a false reporte concerninir the in-
habitantes of the village of Saint Stephen, because hee sawe no friendly dealing. The
followers of Garaius say, that the aeruantes of Cortes hadde carryed away all prouision of
victuall out of the townes of the Barbarians, to the ende that beeing compelled throup;h
famine they might eyther departe, or bee constrayned to disperse their forces througli the
neighbouring townes to seeke necessary foode, as it fell out, nor came the shippes,
deteined in the vnfortunate and aduerse sea. In that countrey there is a great towne named
Naciapala consisting of about 15000. houses, in that towne the Cortesians tooke Aluaradus,'^^™!''''^^'"'
Commaunder of fortie horse of Garaius, together with his companions feeding his horses there,
as an vsurper of anothers soyle, and brgught them bounde to the Colony of Saint Stephen,
by them erected in the name and behalfe of Cortes. Miserable and wretched Garaius
therefore remayned there still betweene Sylla and Charybdis expecting the fleete. Now at
length the companie of the fleete arryue at the mouth of Panucus, of eleuen 3. some say
foure, the rest perished by ship wracke. Two of Cortes his Commanders of that Pro- siiipwratke.
uincc, lacobus Docampo goucrnour of the citie, and Valegius leader of the souldiers,
caryed by boat, enter the Admirall of that fleete, they easily seduce the souldiers and The Admiriu
quickly drawe the rest into the power of Cortes, so that the shippes are caryed vp the col'tes." "
ryuer to the Colony of S. Stephen. While Garaius was in these extremities, he vnder-
stoode the bordcryng country of the riuer of Palmes was a rich and fruitfull soyle, contrary
to the deccitfull speech of Gonsalus Docampo his sisters son, yea, and in some places a
more blessed and fertile countrey then the boundes of Panucus. There had Garaius planted
his Colonie, fearing the fortune of Cortes, if the obstinacy of his sisters sonne had not
decciued him. Garaius being thus distressed, knewe not what counsell they should take,
the more he rcpcatcth that that Prouince was designed and allotted him by Caesar, shewing
his letters patentee, his matter succeeded the worse. Through perswasion of the Gouer-
nour lacobus Docampo, Garaius sendeth messengers vnto Cortes, one named Petnis Canus, Gmiuisfnch
the other lohannes Ochoa, this, one of Garaius his olde familiars, the other newly admitted, co"".°"
sometimes a familiar friende of Cortes who was well experienced in those countries, both
of them are seduced by Cortes, as the Garaiancs reporte complayning. Petrus Canus
retiirncth, and Ochoa remayneth still, for it was agreedc that Garaius shoulde goe to
Cortes. I haue elsewhere saydc, when, by vncertayne reporte, the Senate of Hispaniola
wrote those thinges to Cu^sar, and our Colledgc of Indian aft'ayres. Nowe although miser-
able Garaius almost behelde his owne destruction, yet hee dissembled that hee woulde
willingly goe, and seeing hee must goe though hee were vnwilling, through so great
violence and compulsion, hee pacifyed his minde, and yeelded to the requestes of Cortes
whiche brought power ant) authoritie with them to commando. Accompanyed with lacobus
Docampo hee goeth to Cortes, who chose his seate in that great citic of the lake Tenustitan,
otherwise called Mexico, the heade and Metropolis of manie kingdomes. Garaius is Mt«iio.
rocciiicd with a ioyfull countenance, but whether with the like mind, let him iudge whose ApicityHjuj.
[iropertie it is to search the harts. Hearing of the calamilie of Garaius, and the departure
( f ihe Goucrnour, the Barbarians sette vppon the souldiers dispersed through their nouses,
;iiul linding them straggling, they kill about two hundred and fiflie, some say more. With i"i ' n«rh
their slaughtered bodies they make themselues sumptuous, and daintie banquets, for they oallu'i i
also are mcnne eaters. Cortes vndcrstanding of this discomfiture, sent Sandoualus (a
woorthie man of his Commaunders) with fortie horse, and a conuenient and necessarie
number of footemeu for the purpose to take rcuenge for so foule and hainous a fact. CMmeu
Sandoualus is saide to haue cutte a huge number of the slaughterers in peeces, for they
durst not now lift vp a linger against the power of Cortes or his Captaines, whose names
they feared. He is reported to haue sent (iO. kings to Cortes (for euery village hath hisCrifsiumrh
king) whireupon Cortes rommandeth that euerie one send for his heire, they obey his """''"•"■
commandc. Then making an exceeding great fire, he burned all the kings, the heires look-
ing thereon. And presently calling the heires, he demandeth whether they saw the effect

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VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The eight Decade.

The vanitif of
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Cuipirlons vpon

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of the sentence pronounced against the slaughterers their parents. After that, with a scuere
riHintenance he chargeth them, that being taught by this example, they beware of
all Huspition of disobedience. Bering thus discouraged and terrified, he sent them
cuery one awaie to their auncient patrimonyen, yet subiect to tributes. This they
report, others, somewhat after another maner. For report is varied cuen from the next
neighbour, how much more from another worlde. Nowe Cortes commendeth Garniiis to
be guest to Alphonsus surnamcd Viilanoua, sometimes footeman to Garaius, (and thrust
out of seruice for dcflouring his Maisiler* mayde) then chamberlaine to Cortes, an,j
commanded he should be honorably intreatcd, and that the bond of amitie might
be the firmer, Cortes taketh the legitimate sonne of Garaius to bcc his son in law
to match with his bastard daughter. Behold vpon Christmas day at night, Cortes
and Garaius goe together to hcare morninge matteiis after «)ur manner. Seruice
beeing ended at the risinge of the sunne, they returne, and found a dainty breack-
fast prepared, Garaius comminge foorth of the church, com])laincd first that hcc was
oppressed with a certaine kinde of windy colde, yet hee tooke some smale sustenance wjtli
his companyons, but returningc to his appointed lodgingc hee lay downe, the disease in-
creased till the third day, some say, the fourth, at what time hee yeelded his borrowed spirit
to his Creator. There are some, as I haiic elsewhere sayd, who suspect whether there were
not a worke of charity in it, to thintent he might free him from the foulc prison of vexation
and cares, being subiect to so great calamities, least wee should iudge that oleic proucrbe to bee
\ninly spoken, that a kingdome receiucth not two, or, that there is no assured fidclifye or
trust in the Competitors and companions of a kingdome. Others say, hee died of the
};ricfe and paine of the ribbes, which the Phisitians call a Pliirisie: howsoeuer it bee
(iaraius dyed, the best of the (louerrours of those countries: which way soeuer the matter
happened, it little skillcth, his soniies, kindred, and freinds of rich menn beinge now
fillen into pouerty. The miserable wretched mann dyed, who peradiicnturc might haue
lined a long and cpiiet life if hee had bin contented with the oldc Gouernment of Illi^jin
lamaita, by a new name called the llande of S. lames, wliere his authority, and lone of the
jicnple were great (but with an oi)>tinate spirit he went the contrary wave, who knewe very
wfll that his ncighbourhoode would bee most oflcnsiuc and Iroblcsome to Cortes) or if hee
being like lowc or course tlax, woulde haue sett fooling elsewhere on the riuer of Palmr.
firr of from the flaminge fire, whether the violence of the winds happily droue him, il
hee had taken liolil of the hairy forelorke of that occasion, or elsewhere in a riuer fouiul
out further towards Florida called the riuer of the Holy (ihost, whicli riuers conlaine ex-
ceeding great countries, fruitefull, and replenished with |)eople. So had the dessinios
decreed, so mu'<t it be done. But seeinge I haue presumed to call lamaica an Mlisinn
country, which (iaraius commaiinded many veeres, it is meele that 1 being the husbaiule of
this comly Nymjih, should render a reason of the beauty, and goodncs thereof. Behold
therefore the example of preferringe the same.

The third Chapter.

THat remoued and hidden part of the worlde, wherein wee belcene, that God the
Creator of all thinges formed the first mann of the slime of the earth, the sage and pru-
dent woorthics or fathers of the old Mosaicall lawe, and of the new Testament call earthlv
Paradise, b( ^ause in that place there is none, or almost no difT'erence beetwcene the iby
and night all the whole ycere. No terrible srorchingc heate, nor rough colde winter arc
iliere to bee founde, but an wholesome temperate ayre, bright fonniaines, and cleere
riuers. Nature like a beenigne and gracious mother, hath beautified this my spouse with
all these ornaments. Diuers fruitefull trees (besides those which are brought thether from
our countrye) are very familiar and common there, which iniov a per|)etuall Springe, and
Autumnc.. for the frees carry leaucs, and flowers together all the yearc longe, and beare
fruite, and shewe them ripe, and sower or grccnc at one time. There, the earth is aiwaycs
full of grcene grasse, and the mcddowes allwaycs flourisliinge and (to conclude) their is

.' ■':.! '''ill

^^slA..

The eight Decade.

TRAFFIQURS, AND DISCOUERIKS.

445

no part of the earth wliich inioyeth a more gracious and mild temper of the heaucns :

Tiiercfore my spouse lamnica is more blessed and fruitefull then the rest. It cxfendcth it

fclfe in length from East to West 60. leagues some others add tenn more, and it inlargcth

it selfe in brcdth 30. leagues, where it is broadest. But concerninge seedes sett, and

sowed by the industry of maim, woonderfull thinges are reported : and although it be at

Inn'e declared in my former Decades, when I vsed the like spcach concerning Hispaniola,

i<L' the same also concerninge garden herbcs or plants, yet to repeatc many of these will

not prmioake loathinge, or contempt cheefely to Popes, vndcr whose throancs all these

things dayly more & more increase & growe : f tast of precious things is sauory at all

times, because especially tlio^e places of my former Decades paraducntiirc shall not bee

brought to your Iloiineiso his handes. Of brc.ade (without which other dainty delicatcs are

nothinge worth) they haue two sortes, the one of corne, the other of roote-, their come is "|j'jjf"^jj""f

gathered twice, and for the most part thrice euery yearc, ihcy want breadc of whcatc. Ofr,M«,

three quarters of a pint of that grainc which they call Maizium, sometimes more then 200.

times so many pints are gathered. That of rooics is the better, and more excellent breade TheMcdifnt

. «.*'' * 1.1 1 11 1 I'll* I •• ^-11 iTcad nnile ut

made of the roote lucca bruised smale, and dryed, which beeing brought into Cakes the rwtt lucra.

which they call Caxzabi, may safely bee kept two yeerc vncorrupted. A ccrtaine

niaruelous industry of Nature lieth hidd in the vse of this roote lucca. Beeing put into a ,he'naure"of '

sacke, it is pressed wiih great w'!ight^ layd thereon after the manner of a wine presse, to >""'•

wringe out the iuicc thereof. If that iuice bee druncke rawe, it is more poysonous the

Ac(uiitiim, & presetly kiileth, but being boylcd it is harmles, & more sauery the the whay ,

of milke. They haue also many kindes of othcre roote, they call them by one name

Batatas, I haue elsewhere described eight sortes thereof which are knowne by the flower, 5?'^'^'^""'

leafc, .Tnd shrubb. They are good boylcd <.K: no lesse rostcd, nor are they of an euill tast

though they bee rawe: and thev are also like to our Turneps in shewe, or like our rape

Hoots, Haddish, parsnepps, .nnd Carretts, but of a differing tast, and substance. At what

lime I wrote these things some plenty of Batatas were giiien me for a preset, whereof I

had made your Ilolines partaker, but that the distance of places with stoode my desires,

and your Ilolines his F.mbassadour with Ctrsar deiioured that portion. This man amonge

the worthy vS: noi)!e men, in y opinio of all good Spaiards, a rare Cu-icntine Archbishop

to who tiiese things are very wel known through his 14: yeares coiiersation, if so it please

vmir Ilolinesse, may sometimes rehearse and shew them vnto you by word of mouth. For

these coferences & dixroiirscs are wont oftetimcs to grace f hitter endes of feasts with great

I'rinces. I haue sufficiently spoaken concerninge the teper of J ayre, trees, fruitcs, cf>rne,

bread, and roots ; & haue also likewise ofte spoake of garde fruits fit for fnode, at vviiat

time of _(' yeere you n>ay gett melons, gourds. Cucumbers, & others like these Ivinge on

the jirounde: 1 haue extended the skirts of the ornaments of my Spouse with too aniorou-;,

:i:i(l louinge affection, \ct true: therefore I now bidd her farewell, and let others left

hdiinde, come in her place, .\nolher woorthy mann also lately came ynto mee, whose

name is Christopherus Perez Ilerenensis, executioner of lustice a longe time in lamaica, a •"/'

x'lilicr ynder (iaraius, the Spaniard calleth those kinds of Magistrates Alguazilli. This

ir.ann was alwnyes a companion with Garaius, and was present when hee dyed: who con-

it".-cth, that w!iat other reported concerninge CJaraius, and the successe of the whole armve,

uns true. ,\iid returniuge from that cuerthrowe, into lamaica, hee brought letters from J*''^"!''" '"

I'liriis Canus Secretary to Garaius, directed to Petrus Sj)inosa, Agent with C.xsar for

daraiiis and his sonnes, in the entle whereof he exhorteth, admonisheth, and instantly

r('(liiirel!i him to lenue :ill these Furopean countries, and forsake ail buisiiies what socuer and

ri'tiinie into that hap|)y coiinlrv as if hee should perswade him to five from ynhappy antl

Iwrren sandes, to most fruitefuil & wealthy possessions: repeating, that he should shortK

JKTome rich, if he would obey his wordes. This Alguazill .addcth many things, not to he

iniittcd. That Paiiucus, and the riuer of Palmes breake forth info the Ocean almost with

ihc like fall, and that the marrincrs get fresh & potable waters of both, nine nnles within

ihe sea. The fliird riuer, which our men call the riuer of the Ilolv Ghost, neerer to \T''V,""k'

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Miinc pjiticuUri.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

Tlie eight Decade.

country of Florida, hath a more streight & narrowe channcll, y«t vtry rich tt rruiterujl

countryes lying round about it, & well replenished with people. Being demanded whether

by chance, violence of tempeHtuous stormes, or of sett purpose, the fleete of Garaius

nrriued at the riucr of Palmes, he answered, they were driuen thether by the mild and

gentle southerne windes, and the full of the Ocean, which as I haue elsewhere sayd run>

neth alwayes to the West, imitatingc the turninge or wheelinge motions of the Heauens"

This Alguazill therefore (that I may vse the Spanish woord) saith, that the piiotis ihem!

Hclues and masters who j;"iierned and directed the fleete, beinge deceiued for tlie can^e,

beefore alledgcd, tooke the riuer of Palmes for Panucus, while entringe the mouth (here

of, they vndcrstoode the ditference of the banckcs and hee aflirmeth that Garaius hadd a

purpose to stay and erect a Colony there, if his companions and consorts hadd not with.

stood him : fur they intended, and aduiscd that the banckcs of the riucr Panucus discouered

and the fruitefuU countries thereof already known were to bee imbraccd. Garaius touched

with an vnhappy praesage assented to his consortes, yet sore against his will, espcciallv

when they added, that those Panucan countrys were assigned him by Cxsar, & that hv

the kings letters patents it was graunted, they should bee called the Countries of Garaim

by an etcrnall name. While they laye at anchor in the mouth of the riuer of Palmes, and

expected Garaius liis sisters sonnc against the strcame, many in the mcane time goingc our

of the shippcs, wandred vppoii the banckes of the riuer, searchinge what the nature of

countryes might bee, and light vp on many new and strange thinges but of smalc moment

Yet will I add one thinge: This Alguazill in the (icide a little distant thence, found a Tuur-

footed beast feedingc, a little greater then a catt, with a foxes snowt of a siluer colour

and halfe scalye, trapped after the same manner that a compleate armed mann bcciiure

ready to fight, armelh his horse, it is a foolish slothfull beast, for seeing a mann a farrof it

hidd it selfc like an hidghogg or a torioyse, and sutVred it selfe to bee taken, beein'o

bn)U!:;ht to the shippcs it was domestically fedd amonge mcnn, but greater cares succccd-

iiigc, and grassc faylinge, the desert and desolate beast d)cd. This Alguazill (but with a

sad and mournfull rountcnancc because he also was partaker of so great calamities) frecth

Cortes from the susj)ition of jxiyseninge Garaius, who saith that he died of the greife and

paync of his side, whirli the phisitiaiis call a pleurisie. \\ hilc Garaius 8c his miserable

companions tnunilcd through tlio.sc coiitrycs, wliich lyo in the middle bctweene those grmt

fillers of Panucus, & ^ riucr of Palmes the bordcringo inhabitants being demaunded, what

was beyond those high mountaines which were within there vicwc, and copasscd their

countries together with the Sea, they reported that very large plaines lav there & warlike

kings of great cityes had dominion there. But when we were in Mantua Carpcniaiia, nj.

moly called Madrid, this Algiia/.il said roparaliuely, as these neighbc nring moutaine<

diuidc these prouinces, the countryes Carijcntana, & Oretana from the Valiedoletaiit and

Burgensian, countries, in which, us y^ ii kiiowe there are goodiv cittyes, and famous

townes: as .Segouia, Metliimna of tl)e feiid, Abula, Salmantita, and many besides: sn,

mighty Oi: huge kingdonies are boiuuitil ;ind separated from these straight and narrow coun-

tries, lying on the shoare. This Alt;iiri/ill aUo confesseth that he knoweth the boinidcs nf

Italye, and therefore sayd, that Iiisubria w;w -cparateil after the same manner from lle-

truria by the Apennine mouni.iiins. And bceingc demaunded with what habit Corie^

altireth himstlfe, or with what ceremonies he will)e interta^ned by them that are |)rcscni,

and with what title he wilbe siiicd, and vseth to exact tributes, or what treasures he

thinketh hee hath heaped \ p, and «vhelhcr lio sawe that golden warlike Engine calltd a

Culuerin, whereof the report is now diuiilge«l: he aunswered in these wordes. That he

was cloathed with a vsuall blacKe habit, but of" siike, & that he made no sumptuous shewe

of maiesfy at all, sauc in bchoI(lin,i;c the great i.umbiT of his familv : consistingc (I sa\)

of many sti-wanls, and officers of his house, irorris dancers, chambciiaiiies, dore keepers,

cheefe baikcrs or cxchaungers of inony, and the rest, fitly agreein;; with a great king.

Wliethersccuer Cortes gocih hee bringei!) fmirc kinges with him, to wiiom hee hath giuen

horses, the magistrates of the citty, and t>oldicrs fur execution of lutitice goinge before

with

The eight Decade.

ne eight Decade. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIF.S. 447

^vilh maces, and as hcc pasHeih by all that mcctc him cast themselues flat vppon the
•rrnund after the auncient manner. He tiaytli ali«o that he courteously recciucth all thnt
salute him, & is more delighted with the title of Adclantado, the Gouernour seeing Caesar
hath giuen him both. And tiiix Algii.-aill finith that the suspition which our cmiriiers
conceiue touching his disobedience against Caesar, is a vaync and idle report. That neither
he, nor any other euer sawe any signe or token of treason, yea, & that he hath left
three Canielles with treasures to bee conueyed to Caesar, together with that piece of or-
dinance called a Culuerin, which he confcsscth hcc diligently beheld, able to receiue an ^[)f,,|."''['|"f„,
Oringe, but thinketh it is not so full of gold, as fame reporteth. nKi.cmnM.

The fourth Chapter.

Tllat which I will now report, is a very merry ieut to be heard : the inhabitants these Bar-
barians after a ridiculous, & simple maner come forth of their townes as our len passe by
on their iourney, & bring with ihem so many domcsticail fatt foule (no lesse then our pea-
rocks) as there are trauaijers and if they bee on horscbacke, supposing y horses es*.e Hesh,
bring as may fatt foule fory horse. Hut your Ilolincsse shall heare how ingenious, & sharpe
wilted woorkcmen these barbarians arc, whom Cortes hath subdued to the dominion of Cae-
sar. Whatsoeuer they see with their eyes, they so payntc, forge, and fashion & forme it,
that they may secme to giue no place to the auncient Corinthians, who were skilfull to drawe Hc compntth
liuely countenances out of marble, or luory, or any other matter. And concerning the {^l,'",'^''^"^')."''''''
treasures of Cortes he saitli, they are not smale, apd meane, yet hc supposeth they are lesse to the auncitnt
then is reported, because hee maintaineth may Centurions, or soldiers, whereof, ^ ordinary ^h^'lJ^Jl'",; „,
number of horse is aboue a thousad, & 4000. footmen, whose heipe he vseth both to bridle cones.
those he lately conquered, m also to search out & discouer new countries. He said also that ^ou'rur runi"'
in the South sea of that huge vasiity he built ships y frO thence he might tryc the TEquinoc- 'ii«™"y
tial line 12. degrees only distant fro the shoarcs, to the end he might throughly search the
Hands next vnder J line, where, hc hopcth to finde plenty of gold, and precious stones,
and also newe, and strag spices. Hc had attempted the same before, but being disturbed
bv his Competitors, lacobus Velazquez J Gouernour of Cuba, then by Pamphilus Narbaczus
& lastly by (inr.iius, he is sayd to hauc forsaken his intended purpose. Touching the maner
of exacting tributes, it is this, by one example the rest may bee gathered. In the discourse
III' my Tenustitan narrations to Pope Leo the tenth your Holinesse his cousin gernian, and
ID his Successor Adrian, we sayde that, that piiysant and mighty Kinge Muteczuma, hadde
many princes subiect to his dominion, and (hose, Lordes of great citties, these (for the
most parte) Cortes conquered, because they refused to obey, yet in their kingdomes he ^ 5,'°'' '"'">'
placed in their steede, some of their children, brethren or other meaner kindr^, that the"^^"""'
people seeing the Images and re|)r(rsentations of their auncient Lordes might the more quietly
heare the yoke. The neerest of those citties to the salt Lake, is called Tescucus, whiche con- ■•""""' *
taineth about the number of 200(X). houses, and it is whiter then a swan, because all the'" ""''
houses are playstered with a kinde of limy Bitumen like morter, so bright & cleere without,
that such as beholde them a farre of, not knowing the matter, woulde thinkc they were litle
rising hilles couered with snowc. They say, this citie is almost square, three miles in length,
and consistefh of the like bre;ulth with litle diflerence. Ouer this citie he made a yong man
.jiiuernour, descended from the proper stocke or bloud of the auncient nobilitie. OtumbaO"™""*
is somewhat lesser then Tescucus. He gauc this citie also her ruler, one of a milde nature, *"""''
:ind obedient to his commaunde, whom (beeing baptized) hee called Fcrnandus Cortes after
his (iwne name. The iurisdicliiins of these cities are great, of a fruitful soyle and famous
for the golden sandes of the riucrs. Kurry one of the kinges, that the Spaniardes may not
enter into their boundes, which may hardly be done without iniurie, yeerely by composition
i;iuc \nlo Cortes one thousand, aiid sixtie Pensa of gold. We hauc often said that Pensum t^.'"'!Zii.(
cxcecdeth the Ducate a fourth part. Thoy likewise giue him of the profits and increase or«'iJt pa>de '
ihe lande, the graine Maizium, domcsticail foule, and delicate meates of wilde beastcs, b"','? J," ,i,
wherewith the neighbouring Mountains abound : all Princes are handled after this order, ami sf"' i>ruu,Mon

tor hi> huusc-

cuery luode.

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448

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

111 1 1?

I ii

Oitainci.

I.ocpotcci.

iirnil-:

iMfHirv J rr-

h.-.ir».i'lltlirruf.

The eight Decade.

<'i»cry one scndctli h'w tribute for the profitten of his kingdnmc, lie alxo permitteth many

ProiiinceH truly to cnioy their liberlie without kinges, and to liue after their auncicnt lawvn

except the cuHtomca of humane narridces, from whom hee hudde no meanc mippljcft and'

ayde agaynst Muleczuma. Notwithstanding, these counlrief, cucn these pay their tribute

to Corlcs. The country Guaxaca i* free, abounding with golde : Mcucntie leagues distant

from the Princely pallace of the lake. There is also another of the same condition, called

I.ocpoteca, and manie others, which pay golden tributes. Cortes also himsclfe hath jpolj^,

rou'",''''''"'''"' "I'lits assigned to bin treasury or exchequer, which he emptieth with the armcs of sjauen

and srttelh their children at liberlie, to till the ground, or apply ihemselues to mechanirnll

aric-i, But one piirticular thing is well wurlhie the reporting. There is a Prouinre ciilJod

(iua( iii;il!,'o, whoM" King hath the same name: he came, onely accompanied with bis iridther

to salute Cortes, and that, not emptic handed. For he brought him ihirtie thousande I'cim;,

of golde, raryed vpon the shoulders of slaues, whiche bee gaue Cortes fur a prcsciit. Dm

what he did in token of obedience, will not be vnlit to heare. llee came vnto him almn.t

!n'\''u''"i'n,i', naked, though otherwise hee abounde with precious and costly garments after their manner

»Khi..iird 10 " we vndtrstooile that it was the manner with them, that for an argument and signe of ii,,.'

'^"""' miliiic, the impotent :ind weake shoulde goe vnto tl»e mightio in meane and hoinly aiivrc

and bowing his head downe to tlie groundc, and kneeling, shoulde speakc vnto him aliiost

trembling. Hut it is very needf'ull (o heare what happic money they vse, for they luuc

money, which I call ba|>py, because fur the grecdie desire and gaping to attaiiic llv same

the bowell'.'s of the earth are not rent a sunder, nor through the raucning greedinessc of (, .!

iictous men, nor tcrrour of warrcs assayling, it retiirneth to the dennes and caues of t!n.

luollier earth, as golden, or sillier money doth. For this groweth vp nn trees, wlirrcoi |

hiiue elswhere spoken at large, both how it is sette, transplanted, and (arefully looked mii,

vnder the shadowe of another great tree to cheerish it, while being growne vp it mav brarc

the Summers scorching heate, and sustaine tiie violen<e (if blustering whirlcwindcs. i||j,

tree l)ringeth forth fruit like to ^malc Almondes, they arc wliolelv of :i bitter fast, i^ \\^^■J^..

fore not to lie eaten, but drinke is made of them for rich, and noble menne : beeini; dr\,j,

thcv arc bruised and beaten as small as meale, and at <linner, or supper time the si-riiai ,

t.ike pitchers, or vesseiles of tenne or a huen gallons, jir groat pottcs, and as mmhuai, r

:'s is needefiill, and cast therein the measure and proportion of powder, according to n, •

(|uantitie of the drinke they prepare, then presently they powre out the myxture from \(s

sell to vessell as high as they arc able to lift their armes and east it out like raync faliinj; Ircin

showers, and it is so often shaken together, till it cast a foame, and the more foamv it i<,

tliev <!ay the drinke becomes the more delicate. .So for the space almost of one hourc that

<lrinke being rowled, they lette it rest a little, that the dregges, or grosser matter mav scile

in the Ijottome of the grenf boll, or vessell of tenne or a leuen g.dlons : it is a pleasJiit drinke,

not much distempering, aIth"U.;h tliev that drinke thereof vntem|)eratly, shall perreinc it

troublcth the sencrs, as our fuinini; wines. Tliey call the tree and the frnite Cacaluis, as

wee call y Chesnntt, «!<: .\lmond, for both; that foame. as it were the foode of f.it niilkc,

the Sjianiard callelh the daughter, which ihev say hath the force of meale and drinke. j'.ir.

ticular countries arc nourishers of these frees, and money, for thev gr. wc not cuery \shrre,

or prosper being planted, or transported, as wee may see of the fruiter of our couniric.

I'or Citrons or Oringes, which wee call Toronias, and Limoiies, and suclie like others, (aiinc

banilv prosper, or bring foorth frtiitc in fewe places. From the king<'s therefore, and ilioir

iribuicrf thrt fruitelull countries, Cacahus is their tribute to Cortes, wherewith he payefh the sdiililur-

"ly.i7 cmVfc' W'"*"*?^! and niakelh drinkes, and procurefh other necessaries. But the grounde apt for tiii<

M..rJu.,ti. gift, is not prolitable for corne. .Marchants trade together, & perfornie the busincssc aiui

aflaires of marchadisc by exchang and bartering of commodities. Thev bring the gniiiif

Mai/ium, and Bombasin cotton to make gariuentes, and also garments tlieinspjues, itilo tlii>c

counfryes, & reiurne hatiinj!: chaiinged them fur (.'a( alius. 1 haue now spoken sulfu jenilv

of money. 1 rcpeafe mativ of these thinge» (nicste blessed fnther) least he who behoMcih

them intitlcd witii your name, shoulde not be satisfiid in t c^e things, not hauing read the

bddkcs

I luw driiiltr ii
liljjf iif the
inuni-v trrr.

Cicjhti*.

The eight Decade.

) permitteth many
eir auncicnt lavvvR,
leanc mipplicit and
e pay their tribute
tie IcaKUCH distant
c condition, called
liiTtHclfc hath (-olde
ic armcs of slaucs,
lues to mcciianirall
i<4 a Proiiinrc ciillfd
lied with iiis mutlu-r
•tie thoii>.andc Ve\w.\

for a present, liin
me viiH) him ahiin.i
I after their manner,
Jilt and sii;nc of hi,.
e and homly allvrp,
>akc vnto him alino>t
' vse, for tlicy ii.mo

to altaiiic llu- sanu,
ijj ({rei'dincsse of ro-
tet and caues of tin-
[)on trees, whcrcol l
rarefully lool>cd viiu
wiie vp it may biarc
r whirlcwindo. This
1 biltiT ta»t, & ihirc.
lenno : bceim; dnul,
per time tlie serna! .
s, and US muih \*ai,r
der, acc('rdin>j to ii, •
he mvxture from Ms-
hl^e rayne failinj; Inmi
ihe more foamy it i*.
lost of one hourt that
isser matter mav scIp

it is a pleasant driiiKC,
■atly, shall pcrreitie it

he fruite Cacaliii-, m
he foodr of fat niilU,
eate and <lrinke. I'lr-
\%c not eiiery \\liiri',
mite* of our cnunlrii'.
jelie like others, camif
;rs ibereftire, and their
I- payelb the smildur*

w )rroniide apt for tliis
irnir the Inisinessc ami

i'hcv brinn the sraii.e
s tiientselues, into tin h-
low spoken snlfuioiiilv

le.nst he who behohliih
gs, not hauing read the
bookes

The cinht Decade.

TnAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES,

449

bookes dedicated to Pope Leo, and Adrian. There are kinp« also who are miRhtie, and rich T'lkutM p«yd to
in niliicr mines : their tributes are silner, out of the which Cortes hath full cupboordes, aiul J;;'h,7iu«mmei,
embossed plate both of sillier, and f{oldc very fairely wrought By these examples your
Ilolinesse may vnderstaiule, what estimation and opinion they hauc of our Cortes, They
»av, that Cortes liueth discontented, for the infinite treasures violently taken away three
yeeres since, by the French Pyrats, which hec sent vnto Cncsar, among whiche, the orna-
mcntes of their Temples were admirable, whiche they (together with humane sacrifices) con-
fiecrated to their guddes. But what shall wee speakc of the lewelles, and precious stones ?
Omitting the rest, there was an Emrode like a Pyramis, Ihe lowest parte or bottome whereof ^;;^||'/^'J|]' "'
was almost as broade as the palme r)f a mans hande, such a one (as was reported to tinutinn.
Caisar, and to vs in the kinges Senate) as iiiuer any humane Eye beheldc. The French
Adininll is sayd to haue gotten it from the Pyrattcs at an incredible price. But they
executed their sauage outrage most cruelly agaynst miserable Alphonsus A'uilensis Corn-
maunder of the shyppe that was taken : he is a youngc mannc descended of a noble
house, but not rich, hailing taken him, ihey keepc him close prysoner, resting vpon one
onely argument, because they committed sue h a lewcl, and the rest of the treasures to his
trust. Hereupon they ihinkc, they may exact tweniic ihousande Ducates of him, if he will
bee redeemed. They who knewe the precious stone suppose that it canncit possibly be pro-
cured for any weight of golde, and they say it is transparent, bright and very cicere. In
these coiintryes of Tenustitan, for that the colde is vehement there, by reason of the dis-
tance from the sen, and the neerenessc of the high mountaines, althougii it lie eighteene de-
grees within the torridc Zone, our corne of wheate groweth if it be sowed, and bcarcth
thicker eares, and also greater graiiics. But seeing they haue three kinds of the graine
Mai/lum, white, yellow, and red, of those many sortes they like the flower better, and it is M'i'""" i"""
more wh(d''ome then the tiower of wheate. They haue also wilde Vines in the woods very "n,"h7„ "'
romnion, which bring foorth great and saiiory clusters of grapes, but they banc not yet *'""••■
made wine thereof. It is reported that (.'ortes hath planted \ines, but what will succeed,
time shall discouer.

The lift Chapter,
PE^ides this foresaide Al^^uazill, who obtained a sufficient large portion in this trutinie or
examination : another also came lately from the same parts of new Spain subdued by Cortes
one latobus (Jarsias a towns-man of .Saint I.ucar Barramcda. lice sayeth lice d. parted from
(he Ilauen of Vera Crux aboute the C.ilendes of April in the yeere ili'i4. at what time (Ja-
raius now die I. lie also frceth Cortes from the siispition <>\' poyson, and saith, he died ofiioSus o«r.ii«
the ]L;riefc of his -.ide, or of the pleurisie. And this man also nflirmtth that Cortes shewcth lL'fu,u^i',7'.v-
no signe or token of diMihedience, against Ca'sar, as many (thron;;h Eiiiiy) mutter. But >;'"|ia'- f^ir.'iui.
by his report and others wee hcare, that none carry ihemseluos more humbiy towardes iheir ,*urr"'oL>!a"
kiiige then Cortes, and that hee bendelh his niinde to re|)aire the ruiiies made in the ;;reat ^•"'" "\>"»l'
(iitv of the lake in t!ie liinr of the warres, -lul that lice hath mended the condtirts of w.iliT-rt.'u'uVn'."''
whii h then were broaken, t'.at the siubberiie and rcbelliou.s Ciitizens might bie pressed and
\e\od with thirst, and that the broakeii bridges are now made vp, and manv of the houses
oucrlhrowne new built, tliat t' i- aiirieiit la-c ami shcwe of the citly is re-nnied, that the
liifpsaiid inarkettes rease not, ami ilut iIk ir is the same frequent resort ol Imales comniinge,
.nd rctnrninge, whi(li\\ns ai tlie (ir^t. The multitude of inar(hants, is in. w great, so tJiat
It mav secme almost like those tin.cs whi n N[iiie< auma raigned. Ilec permitteth one of the Cotif. .nmut -
kini,;es blonde to receiiie the suits, and causes <d the peo|)Ie, anil to \se a Pi.etorian scepter, '^''■""""^
but viiarmed. When this man conuerscth with < ur menu or with Cortes, hee is attired in ''
."Spanish apparell which Cortes gatie him ; and while hee remainelh at hom«' amonge his owiic
)ic()|)le, he wearetli garments after the aicii.lonicd mriner of his natiiie loimtry. He >aith,
that the Praetorian baiule appointed to guard y body of Cortes, & apease tumults if anv iiKPrxton.t
jri'C, consistcth of 51KV horse & 40(). fooie, iSc that many Centurians or Captaines eiiery '"'"'■
nnr with t!i"ir forces are absent, dispcrsid 'oth by sea, and lande, for diners seriiices,
iiii;inge whom is Christopherus Olitus, of whom 1 made mention becfore : and a little after,

vol. V. :i .\f y,QC

'■ M

1 ,

t* ■

:: i

■ 1 L

if-

'^:.

.S'/

l'''l ',

.,1'Ji.

1 ;, ;il,j,.

1 i i'-- ;;«!

ill U : f:

Altiaridui i»>
iigntd tiy Corlri
tu m kr Kirch

450 VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS. Ilie eight Decade.

Rtpnrifi rrom wcf (»hall Dpeakc of the rent of hin valiant act*. But, what another Crntiirian namrd Aluaradiw

Aiutriiiui. ^^^^ jy^jj^ another part, rcportcth, it is a goodly and excellent matter to hce heard. \\'L

haiic Nomctime xayd, that betweene Iiuatan (which iw the beKinnin^e "f New ,S()aiiic »o

called by C'orlci, & confirmed by C"iB«ar) ^ ^ huge coiitry of | Mupposed Cotinent

there licth an exceeding great Hay whith we nomlime»i thought had a way out to

f South coants of ^ cofitry : in which Bay al«o ,1igidiu« GnnMhm AlxilenniN eiien

to thin day thinketh, that some broade riiier may be found, which Nueketh or suppeif, ^^

the waters of that great lake of potable watern, whereof I spoakc at large in that bookc dc.

liuered to your Ilolinen by the Cunentine Anhbinhop, and in my precedent narration vn((,

the Duke. The angle of that Bay they cal Figuera* lately kiiowne. On tlie VVcNt side

heercof it wa* reported by diuers inhabitants, that there is a citly no lesnc then tlip ci,y

Tenustitan, yet by relation of all, more then 4(K), leagues thence, and that the kiiigc ihcrfof

wan the Tyrant of a large Kmpire. Cortes commcntleth the buisines of searthinge what it

might bee, to Aliiaradiis, an<l assigneth him fit'O. horse and foote. Aliiaradus tnkcth h]^

'n *h"w' '"'' '*""''"'.'* to the Kast, hee goelh directly foorth, and scndeth «)nely two before, who vtulcr.

lidr i.t the bjy stoode fhc nccrc bordering speeches of thc Barbarian*. lie foundediuers countries: some

FijucHi. montanoiis, others plaine, somtirues plashy and marish countrycs, but (or the most part dry

diners countrycs vsed diners languages, out of euerv country, such as were Hkilfulin h\\.

guages, he sent before with his menu. Omittingc what befel ihem bv ihe way, least | woiiry

ourllolines, and my selfe in rcpeatinge smale & tritlinge matters, let vs at one leape ci,,.

race j, which we sayd was excellent to be heard. The messengers goinge before IVdm

kingdome to kingdome with their guides of the name country, rclurned to Aluaradus ali»avr<

(Haying many leagues behinde, and brought him worde againe what they had searched : as

Koone as they heard of the fame of the Spaniardcs the messengers lelt all in quietncs and

peace, so that none of the kings durst euer drawe a sworde against them, or our arinyis.

\Vhit h way sceuer they went the barnen iSw sioreiiouses were opened to the & their lares

fixed on the with admiration, but cheefely bcholdingc the horses, & ornaments of our nun

for tliesr also are almost naked, so they hol|)e our men with victual, il: porter slaues to carry

their fardeils in steede of labouringe beastes. For they make slaues of such as (hev lake in y

warres, as it happeneth euery where amonge all nations (I will not say kinges) ragin., niadj

through couetousnes, or ambition. Aluaradus stayeth on ^' borders «)f that Tvrani, ami

alwavcs siandeth in the wingesof the troops in battayle arraye, he settcih no fooling vno f

bouilcs of that great kinge, least he might scenic to intend to oiler wroiige for it is a( (niiniui

the greatest contumclye, ami conlempi amonge all the kinges of those courtiries, if am idmi,

or enter the limites of another, without the knowledge ol the Liird thereof, and liu're U no-

thinge more vsuall amonge them, then in that case to lake reuenge : hence proceede lir.mNv,

priuy grudges, and (ccasions of warres. Ilee was yet almost an hundred le.igues dlMant

irom the princely seate of that Tyrant when hee sendcih Messeni^ers beeforc with intir-

pretrrs of the next nations to that kingdome : they goe xnto the kinge, and salute him, anl

are peaceal)ly recekied : For the fame of our men hadd come lo his cares. Ilee (icmaiiiult ili

%»hethcr the menn came from that great Malinges whome they reporte to bee sent Itmn

Hcauen to those < oiinlrirs (fi r they call a valiant and mighty Noble mann Malinges) ihcy

tiinfessc they wecre sent from him : Whereujxin, he furiiier dernaundeth whetlur liicv (aim-

bv Sea or land, if by S«:i, in what Piraguas, that is to .ay huge great shi|)pes, as i)i.;;;i> as

the i)rincly (durles in whii h they were (they theinscliies lunie shippes, but lor lihhin v, and

thi se made of liie body of one tree, as in all those counlrie-) hecre, that king*' plainly nn.

fesscd liiat lice hadd knowledge of our (dunlry shippes the former \ecre. For the inlia-

bitanls of that King*- from Ihe townes st.nulinge one the Sea side sawe llieni passe hv with

their sa\les sj)rea(l. Wh'cii i'Euidius (Jon.alns eonducled lliri'iigh liiose Sea-, uhich l\c one

the ba(kc side of Iiicatan, and lliey thought them lo bee monsters of the Sea aiw' siranuc,

and ominous ihingcs lately arisin^r, who beeinge aslonishe«l thereat reported iiuin \i.tii

their Kinge. And demaundiiig, whether any of them two, knewe how to paint siu h a

iihippe, one of them called Triuignus, whoc was a caruer in wood, and no ordinary |)i!oti.

j)r()niiM(l

Alutnauf ttit
tnf 'irnilrri to
lit* 'l)'r>iit.

'llie Spiurdi
^hii»i though! (o
he mtinitert of
!he btA,

i ■•

}

' . ^'

Vld,

lie daht Decade.

Tlie eluhl Dtcnite.

TnArriQUEs, and discouerifs.

451

if tlic Sfa ;um' siranm',

promised to dor ir, hce tnkctlt thr tnnttrr vppon liitn to paint a ahippe in a grrnt hall, for the
jfrcat CdurtCH of the Kingc aiul the Nobility arc built with lime and Mtonc m wi-o liaue *aydi"
or TcniiHtiian NtandinKo in the I.akc. Hcc painted a monntroim Nhippe of gri-at bunhcn, ofTtiviumMi-iinf
that kindr, which the CicruicnHCd rail Carrackc)* with nIx mantes and an many dixkcM, 'riic "'" ''"fl*"'
kingc Htoodc longe amaxcd, woondcringe at the huge grratcncH thereof, and then after what
manner they light, so that it might be nayd tluit each of the in no utronge, that it may bee an
ca«ic matter for eiicry one to liec able to ouerthrowe thonHamU of menn, which hec declared
hcc neither could, nor would beelecuc by any meaner, itceinge hcc t<awe they nothinge ex-
ceeded the common tttature of menu or had more grimmc countenance, or stronger limme*.
They Kayd, our menn had (icrce I'ourcfnotcd beastx, and Kwil'ter then the windc, wherewith
ihcy light : then, he doired that Home of thorn would paint an horse m well ax he could.
One of the company painted an horse with a terrible, and hternc countenance, much greater |J^'r»'""''"
then they arc (fuch as I'hidias and I'raxitcles left, made of brasse, in the Fxquilinian hill of
your llolinrsse) Si sett a copleat armed man vpo his barbed backe. The king hearing this
asked the whether they would take vpo the to conquer the neighbouring enemy that inuadcd
his border'*, if he sent the r»(KH)0. armed men to heipe them : they sayd ^ all ^ Spaniardes
were of litle greater moment or powerfull strength, ihen other menn are, but in a well
onUred army with horse, and warlike engines they feared noe forccB of menn. They pro-
mised they would relume to that comfider who nent them, & expectelh them not farr
from his bounds the king demaded what word Ihcy would bring fro him, who sav they thinke
he would come to heipe him, & that they should easily destroy the enemy, his citly, and
whalsoeuer cNe is sid)iect to hi.s dominion. Whereupo he affirmed, j' he would yeeld him-Thr lyrm
Hclfe & all his subiectes into C" power & sul)iection of j' great & valiant noble man, if I'loM^uiuUitf
they woIjI perl'orme their promise. These things being done A: cociuded, in token of his'i""'
future «il)edieiice, he remained so ready to pleasure our men ^ he gaue the fKHX). slaues
lade with 5' u'oy (!acahiis (which eMendeth as farr as those coasts) & vV prouisio of
vicliials to be brought to Aluar.idus, and gaue them also 2(KK). I'ensa of gold wrought into Hf fiuci jooa
diners leweN. Hetiirniiig back to Aluaradus, they made him ioyfull. Aliiaradus returned to*"""" ""
Corti's, & told him what they had done, lie ofTcreth 5 presents of that great king, they
diuitle them, as it behooucd. Hut of ^ two messfgers sent fro Aluar.idus ^ one not trusting
to 5 Comi<lers liberality towards him, stole cerlainc Pcnsa after 5' iourney. His copaio ad-
monished him not to pollute his had* by violating his lidelily & faith, Sc exhorteth him rather
1(1 prouc 5 liberality of Cortes iV: Aluaradun: expecting ^' obstlacy of his cupaion he held hi.s
|)ca<e dissemblinge the matter, and accused his companion to Cortes of ihcft : who for Thfft pumihsd
c\am|ile of others ( the gold being found out) was publiquely whipped with roddsiSc punished ''' ''"""■
\\iih perpeliiall banishment from Nona Ilispania. These ibingeswere done about the ende of
the ycare of our Lorde I.Vi.i. Then presently after a few dayes ended, the sicke and faint
being refreshed and new men placed in steede of the de.ide, this messenger sayfh, that by the
fonimandement of Cortes, .Muaradus departed while he was present, with greater forces, with
striking vp of drums &s(uinde of the trumpetts. Thin messenger lacobiis Garsias sometimes
h(iii'«hold seniant of Marcellus Villalobos the Lawier, one of the Senators of Ilispaniola, is
tent frO his olde Maister to our Scrat : what he sollicited for his Maister he hath obtained.
To wit, that it might be lawfull for hin> to ere< t a castle, and plant a Colony in the llande ACoionym.
Margarita, at his owne proper cost, and charges. This Margarita is an Hand oueragainst the M^'yimj,"
entrance of the Dragons mouth in the sup|)osed Continent, a fruiteful ingendrer of
pearls from whence the name of Margarita is giuen vnto it. If he doc it, he shalbe
|)cTpciuall Gouernour thereof, and liie command thereof shall come to his heires, as the
manner is, the suprcaine authority and power notwitl\standiiig reserucd to the Crownc of
Castile. Their reinaincih one thing yet, that wee may ende the matters of this new Spainc,

The .sixt Chapter.

COrtes, since that French pyrate named Florinus violently tooke his fleete with man- Cortfihiid.s-
•precious things, which he, & the rc>-t of the Magistrates of new Spaine, partakers ,)('"'""••

:i M a the

'k )

; ii *

111

'■"■J

si'

I 'a-

V
1 ^ Ijt

r:':|t,.r

-y:iilUi'M

Iff

•:f;

n, ,-:ll

V' . ' 'M

■J

iT 'if

ijll'^i^''

1 •^I'l

I .|^

.iil

>' * .'

! I

I 1^ ^ i^- I

ki-fci' -'U^

iUvu:^:;j^!

452

Time the best
ir^uititor.

Christoph. Oil-

t<i in- rrii;'lti-ti
fror.i Li'Mts.

That CfOTifalus

irn<f ,^lrs^;■^'<■r^

Oiirus.

Of th- A-orih of
Olitus.

A rcjv«- tb.it
Iritii' » a itrcil

Cj-iir sr< kpi to
jp(»f.s< tlieie
I'cnleniinn* of
the C'aj'iaii.ft.

Trtar Th' m^i

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The eight Decade.

the victoryes, sent vnto Casar, through griefe, and sorrow for so great an ouerthrowe
hath sent no more letter vnto Caesar, or our Senate, although from those kingdomcs'
many returned, & that often : whereupon that suspition of reuoltinge fro C-csar arose'
Now he yecldeth apparant tokens cotrary to opinions, he indeuoreth to inlar^e kingdomes to
his Maiesty and not for himselfe: and if peraduenture your Holines somtimes considered
with yoursclfe, whether the ambiguous and ddubtfull case of Garaius be to bee exacted from
him, and a strict accompt to be required, concerning his death, and he to bee corrected, if it
happened by his consent, let your Holinesse recciue this from my Judgement and cx-

Eerience. Such an inquisition will be dissembled as I suppose, for none will attempt to
ridle so mighty an Elephant by this meanest we shall thinke it better, and that it shall rather
bee nerdcful ti vse courteous speeches, and comfortable lenitiues for the curing of such a
wounde, then to prouokc him to anger. Time the tcternall ludge of all things will discoucr
it. Yet we beleeue it will come to passe, that hcereafter he shall fal into the same snares,
into the which hcecast lacobus Velasquez Gouernourof Cuba, vnder whose commande beiiic
sent young vnto those countries, he aduanced the crest against him, and then Pamphilus
Narbaicius, now Garaius, if the opinion of many bee true, as in their places I haue dis.
coursed at largo. And the beginning of the payment of this debt is not farre of. It js
ri'ported from Cuba, and Jamaica, but more plainely from Ilispaniola, whether all re.sorte m
to a gcncrall Mart towne, that Cliristophcrus Olitus sent by him for the searching of the
desired Strcighf, is reuolted from him, and perfonneth the matter by himselfe, neglertinjr ihe
authority of Cortes : so thinges haue their beginnings. We read letters al.so, whercbv I
vnderstand, that .<E'j;idius Gonsalus Abulensis (of whom in my former Decades 1 spoakc at
large) is now arriued on those coastes of the foresaidc Baye called l"i|;ueras lately knowiu-, tl,[\t
from thence searching by little and little, he miglit scrke out the endc or issue of these frrxhe
waters. T' ey say, that Olitus came to the very selfe same shoares, and that hee went fuiilur
downe .'•'' leagues onclv, from iEgidius Gonsalus. Tiicy say also that ./Egidius G<iiisalin
hearing v the camming of Olitu;;, sent letters and Messengers vnto him, oll'c-ring jx-are, and
Concorde. It is also reported, that Cortes ( vnderstanding of the reuolt of Olitus) sint anncd
forces against him, whom he commanded to take Olitus, and bring him to him bcunde, or kill
him. Thev who kiiewe Olitus, say, hee was a stout and valiant souidicr, aiul no foolish Com-
maun'cr, and that from the beginning of llie warrc-, he had not becne the meanest part (if
the viclories, but as it often vsually falleth oi;l, lii'f nowe became re.irefiill vnto C'ortcs
wherefore vnder the pretence of honour, hee sent him awav from him, that hee mi^ht ncit
repose ;iiiv creilit in a man to whom he had spuken ignominious wordcs. On th;' other purt,
wee hearc that Pelrus Arias (iouernour of the supposed Continent, hath leuied a L'reit arniie
to goe thither, whereuppon, wee fcare, least the discordes of lliesc mcnn will bring ;,ll to
mine, a;id desirurtlon. Neythrr doth Cxsar, nor our Senate vnderstanile, what rthtr ((iiin-
.^ell to f.ike, then bv frequent commaundementes to the Senate of Ilispaniola, to iiicrca<e
their auliioriiy, that thence, as from the supreme power tliey endeuour both bv courtenin
spraches, and also by admonitions, and tlireateniiigs, lliat no hurt arise, that they be nut
(■(inti'niioii-, but a;;rej' (im-ther in minde, except thev will bee taxed, or charged wiili
the accu-ation of treason: tliey will all fall, and come to nought, vnlesse they oIh-n.
For m vther will the rest of the Nobilitie of Sj«;;ini', who haue the mindes of the snuldicrs
afferted vnt') tliem, assent vnto their opinions, against the obedience of their King. Nor
doe wte tliinke these commotions, and troubles are to bee appeased by amies, but if
wee slial p( rcciue any arguments or tokens ol breach of fidelity, or treachery to breake
out, and appcare in anv, wliatsoeuer thwart or opposite matter ariseth, shall be ouit-
tiirowne onclv with inke, and pa|)er. For the for(e nf honour or pray--e especiallv, is
gnat, & natur.dly bredd in tiie breast (I the Spaniards, that they may be esteemed
faillil'iil to tiuir Kii';:. We expect ships from that fnrriin, & new world euerv hoiire.
'1 hen if anv thing sei retiv swell, it will breake forlli, and we will seiul for the Chimri^iaiis to
f lire l!ie sa:iie I le.ir' ed .iKo mai.y other things (not vnwortliv the relation) by Friar
Itiomas norii-<ius, and his fellowes the two coloured Dominican Friars, r.pproued honest men.

These

'he eight Decade.

The eight Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUFRIES.

453

These men for 7. yecres spncc inhabited that parte of the supposed Continent, called Chiribichi,
which is the next iieighbouring Counlrcy to the Mouth of tlic Dragon, and the pnniincc Paria,
often named by vs in our former Decades : where in my precedent treatise to the Duke, I sayde
that the Barbarians ouerthrewe the Monastery, and killed those that lined therein. This isthe
opinion of this Friar Thomas Ilortisius who remayneth with vs, that twelue Friars of the Domi-
nican order, be assigned to be sent vnto new Spainevndirhis conduct that they ni;iy sowe the
seede of our faith among those barbarous natios: I vnderstood many things of these friars
before, which (as I remember) being set downe in writing, I sent them expresly mentioned
to diucrs Princes. They atlirme, that the inhabitantes of those countries are Canibaies, or
Caribes, caters of manns fleshe. The couiitrcy of the Caribcs is an huge quantity of
ground, exceeding all Europe: they are found to sayle in fleetes of Canowcs, to hunt men,
among tlie henpe of Ilandes which are innumerable, as others goe to the forrests, and woodes,
to seeke Harts, and wild Bores to kill them. Carib, in the vniuersal languages of those
countries, signifieth, stronger then tlie rest, and from thence they are called Caribes: nor
doe any of the llanders vtler and pronounce this name without fcare. They are also called
Caribes of the country Caribana, situate on tlie East part of the Bay of Vrabia, from
whence, that wilde kinde of men dispersed through the large distance of those coasts, hath
sometimes slaync, and vtterly ouerthrowne whole armies of the Spanyardes. They Hue
almost naked, sometimes they inclose their priuities within a golden little goorde, in another
place they binde vpp the foreskinnc with a little corde, and vntie it not, bi..i to .nake
water, or when they vsc the act of generation, and lining idle at home, they cjucr no other
part: but in the time of warres, they weare many ornaments. They are vt-ry nimble, ami
cast their poysoned darts with most assured ayme, and goe, and returns swifter then the
winde, with their arrowes: in their bowes, they are beardles, and if an haire come forth,
they pUickc it out one from another with cerlaine little pinsers,- and cut their hayre to the
halfe of the care. They boarc holes in their eares, and nostrils for elegancy, and the
richer sort decke them with lewels of gold, the common jieople with diners shelles of
cockels, or sea navies, and they also, who can gett gold, are deliglited in golden crownes.
From the tenth, or twelueth yeere of their age, when now they b'gin to bee troubled with
the ticketing prouocations of Venery, they carry leaues of trees to the quantity of nutts,
all the day in eyther cheekc, and take them not out, but when they recciuc nieale, ordrinke.
The iceih growe blarke with that metlicine, euen to the foulcnes of a quenched or dead
cole: they tall our men women, or children in reproach, becaise they delight in white
ttclh, and wilde be.istes, for that they endeuour to preserue their beardes, and hayre:
Their teelh continue t«) the ende of their lines, .ind ihcy are nenerp.>yned with the tootliach,
nor do they cuer rotf. These leaues arc somewhat greater then those of the Mirtle, and as
Mlt as those which the tree Terebinlhus bcareth, in feeling, as soft .is wooll, orcott(ni. The
("hiribirhenses doe not more apply theni'^elues to any culture, or husbandry, then to the
I. irc of those frees (which they call Hay) by rc.ison that for the leaues thereof, they get
\.!iit>( eucr wares, or commmlities they like. Throughout the lields of those irees, they ri:{
\.ry well crdcrcd trenches, aiul conuey small brookes vnto them, wherewith they water the
jjiint". in good urder. Euery one incloscth his portion onelv with a little cotton line drawn
lit in length, to tiic height of a mans girdle, and thty .iccount it a m.itler of sacriledge, if
:iiiy pa<se ouer the (oule, and treade on the possessiiins of his neighbour, and hold it for
(crtiine lh.it whoso violateth this sacred tiling, shall shortly perish. But, howethey preserue
i: (' powder ol those leaues, that it corrupt not, is wdrih the hearing. Before the drved
Icaiitsbe beaten iiitu powder, they goe to tlie woods of the Mountavnes, where exceeding
]i!cnly of >hel-i atul snaylcs are ingendred, by rea on o,' the moisture of the earth, of those
siu'llcs lieapitl xpp, and put into a furnace made lor fhrif jjurpose, with a cerlaine particular
kinile I'f woodil, and a greale and \ehement (ire vnder it, ihey make lime, atul mingle it
w.th the powder. The force of ih.it lime is so great, that his lippcs that fip-l takeih it, are so
lukcii, and hardened, like diggers and dtliiers who liaiic harde and brawny liandcs with often
li,iiuliiiig of spades and mattocks, or, as if they rubbed our lippcs with vnslaked lime, but

with

Chiribichi.

Tlif Country cf
ttie C.inibiil^, ut
Caiibi, and the
manners ut'
them.

Howe thfy nuke
blacke their
teelh.

Tlieir indiisliy
ill tlie pl.tntiii);
of tlie tires
^4tlcJ lliy.

I <'

fit*

.'i: v'

V if I

.1 1 1

I-

1 ,
1'

Mmm

III Ji?^

454

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The eight Decade.

Gummr.

Tile iiiycr of a
tree where wilh
they jmisoii
thfir r.rrim-ei.

Citreaii trees
.in.l the pro-
perties thereof.

A tree bearint;
Ctosanipine Cot-
ton,

vith such as are accustomed thereto, it is not so. The powder thus mixed, & tempered
they put it vp close in maiinds, and baskets of marish canes curiously wrought, and
platted in, and kcepc it till the marchants come, who goe, and come, to haue that powder, as
they come flocking to fayres and markets. They bring the graine Maizium, slaucs, and gold
or jewels of gold, (whidi they call Guanines) that they may get this powder, which all the'
i'J['j',^"""'f '••<• bordering countries vse fur cure of the teeth, yet the Chiribichenscs spitt out the olde
leaues eucry hourc, & lake new. There are other trees in this valley famous for their
profits and commodities, from one of the, the boughes being a litle cut, a milky moystnre
issueth, or droppcih out. This sapp or moysture beeing left thus, congealeth into a kinde
of pitchy rosin, and that gumme is transparent and cleere, profitable for the pleasing per.
fume thereof. The iuvce gathered from another tree after the same manner, killeth, if
any bee hitt with nn arrow annoynted therewith. From other trees bird lime issueth, there-
with they take fowio. & put it to other vses. There is another tree like a Mulberry tree,
ciacirma a tref Called Gacirma, and bearctli fruite harder then our Mulberries of Europe, fitt to bee pre-
u'lltinopetties. sently eaten. From iliem (being first moystened) they wring out a certaine sapp, excellent
to purge the throat, and good to take away hoarsencs. From the dried boughes of this
tree (ire may be stricken, as out of a flint. The sides also of this valley haue Citrean iroes
very familiar, and common, and very high, they .say that garments layd vp in Citrean ( hcstC's
smell very sweet, and are preserued from mothcs. Rut if bread be shut vp there, to bee
kept, it becommeth more bitter then gall, and cannot bee tasted, thereupon (as wee h.nue
sayd ) shippes made of those plancks escape the danger of those gnawing woormes. Another
tree beareth (iosampinc cotton, bigger then a Mulberry tree, in ten yeeres it d\eth and
perisheth, the like also happeneth in Ilispaniola, and in manv other places in this new
worlde, as wee haue savd in the precedent booke to the Duke. These two coloured fathers
make their vaunts, that this cotton is more precious then ours of Europe which is ycerciv
sowed, and excecdeth not the height of a stalke of hemjjc or flaxe, this slender kinde
groweth and prospcrcth in many j>arts of Spaine, but chcifly in the Astigitan field. The
Cissia Fistula, great tree of Cassia Fistula is very common in this valley, and groweth of it owne nutiire.
Another commod'fv also of this valley is not to be omitted: among the Chiribichenses in
Plenty of cin- some hidden and .secreic solifarv |)Iaces, they thought trees grewe which ycelded Cinnnmri,
iiaraon. vnknowne to the inhabitants, or at the le.nst not regarded, because there is no kinde of s,)i(c

in vse among ihese inhabitaiite-*, beside that sort of pepper, whf reof I haue <.ften, and at
. large elsewlicre discoursed, which they call A\i, so peculiar and proper that there is no |p<«,.
plenlv of those shrubbs with them, then of maliowes, or nettles with vs. For exijnipic,
there was a tree carrved away bv the violence of an ouerflowing riuer, & cast vpon iho
sea shoarc ncvt vnto lluir Monastery, hauing ilrawiie the tree \nto the dry land, the\ wmi
about to cut it for the vse of the kitchen, vweete smelling sauours comming from all ihr
ehippes, they tasted the burke, ai d pirciiiicl the fast thereol' not to lie imieh vnlike C'ini:,!-
mom, alllioiigh throuiih long >.j)n e ol lime, aiui violent shaking of the sireame, the Inincke
and body thereof were ha.le e('rni|)led. iiine, the Indue of al! (hinges, will discoiier ihrv,
& many tnher lhini;s besides, which are i ef hid. We reaiie that (he Creator of all ihin^>
tooke vnto him the number of sixe dayes to forme, and orderly compose the frame of the
Miiiiersall worlde. Wee cannot with one breath search out all the secrets of great niallcis
'I'hey ^av llie waters of that riuer are apt to purge, and hreake the stone of the kidneis, nnd
bl.idder, but make the sight diinme. fiiey sav, th.it out of a foiintaine also springctli '\
lULilter of that vn(|uen<hal)le fire vsually called Ignis .Mchitraiii, I ihinkc the Italian com-
nionlv calleili it Ignis Cjrascus.

The ^enenll) Cha|)ter.

ANother thing is worth the noting >■ (he aruuinent and matter thereof, beerause th.ii

valley irgendreth I isciuioiis, and ileli^hlfull .S)ji(es. At the rising of the siinne, antl in

Vapour, hurt- deare Wfulhcr, wontifrrnll \.i|)' urs are dispersed by the gentle m< rning winde-, throu<;h(iii(

full I.,r the . , ' t .' ^ , '^ ^

'icd. the whole \allev. Ihit if thev bee to urecdilv drawiie in al the nostrils, thev .ire hurtfiiil lo

W'jttrs of 1

iiurr .'ihh) 10
piugp the «ttHI.

. AUtiitTjni,

l^iiis Urxcus.

ne rfg/it Decade.

The eight Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

455

? U no kinde of s,)i(e

the head, and ingender the pose, or stuffing of the head, as it falleth out with v«i in manv Basil* Mmke
hcrbes, cheifly Basil!, nor is it good to put Musiie to the Nose, although the sent thereof be p°| f^Ih.'nMe.
sweete a farre off: but in raynie, or cloudy weather, those odours cease. Another tree on Apples pro-
the banckes of the riuers beareth apples, which beeing eaten prouoks vrine, and cause it to ""W "'"«•
come forth of the colour of bloode. Another, beareth excellent plummes, like those which Piummes.
the Spaniardes call Monke plummes. Vpon the samebankes, another beareth apples whiche ofapitasant
kill, if liiey bee eaten, although they bee pleasant, those apples falling into the channels are {'hrtrui'pom''m
eaten of the fishes, and they who at that lime eate those fishes, fall into diuers vnknowne Paudisi.
diseases : this Fryar Thomas Hortisius sayth, that hee tasted a little of the apple but eate
it not, who affirmeth that it hadd a sower sweete taste intermixed, it hurt him a little, but a
draught of oyle was a remedy for the poyson. The shaddow aho of this Apple-tree hurteth
the head, and sight of the eyes the eating of these apples also killeth dogges, and cattes, and
any other fourc-footed beast whatsociier. That Country also ingendreth other trees of many
Bortes; a iuyce issueth from one, which beeing pressed is like the creame of newe milke, oftheiuyceof
and good to bee eaten. Another tree yccldeth gumme no worse then redd sugar. ThatGummeno
Earth also of her owne nature shooteth foorth many sweete smelling herbes, and Basiil may worse then te<w
euery where bee gathered. Bectcs growe there, to the lieight of a inanns stature. Three He?b',j.
leaned grasse there, is greater then Parsley and Smallage, and Porselane, brings foorth
braunches thicker then a mans thumbe. All pnt herbes, and garden herbes, brought thetherby
them of the Monastery growe vp there, as Melons, Goordes, Cucumber-', Radishes, Carrettes,
and Parsnepps. Deiidly and poysonous herbes also grow there, and cheifly one three ribbed
niarish herhe, armed with sharpe pointed teeth in manner of a sawe : and if it pricke one
vnnwarcs, it sendeth him away complayni"g. Certaine herbes also grow in that Sea, which
bc'intr plucked vp by the roofes through the violence of the windes spread themselues
abroad, and for the most part, hinder the way of the ships. In this country of the Chiri-
bichenscs, the variety of the foure-footed beastcs, and their country fowle is woorth the men-
tioning. And let vs begin, with the most profitable, and the more hurtfull, which are oppo-
site. In my former books, and those that follow, often mention is made of certaine foure-
footed Serpents, terrible to behold, they call them luganas, otii. s call tliem luanas. Tbis
monstrous beast !•< good to be eaten, and a bea>*t not to be reiectcd, among the dainty nieate* '^ foure-footed
And the egges also, which slice layeth, and bringeth forth like the Crocodile, or Tortoise, rate!'" ^"^ "
are of an excellent nutriment, and taste. The two coloured Dominican Fr)ars receyued no
small daiiimage by them, while they inhabited those Countries for scuen veeres space. The
Monastery being eret ted (a- we sayd) they report, for the most Marte bv night, they were
hcsctt with a dangerous multitude of luganax, as with the enemie, ^ii.ereupon they rose out of
their bids, not to pronoke them to dorcnilc themselues, but to fcare, and driue them away from
the fruites, and cheiflv the gan'cn Melons, sowen, and manured in their season, whereon they
willingly fedd. The Inhahitantcs of that valley hunt the luganas to eate them, who, finding
ihcm, kill them with their arrowc-i, and many take tlicm aliiie, with their right hand, seising on
tin- neck of this monstrous beast, wliiili is very slowe, anti dull, though Icarefull to behold, and
■.ci'ineth with open mouth, and tenililc slicwe of teeth, to threaten biting, but like an hissing
(loose it bcconinu'th astonied, and dare not a--nyle them : the increase of them is so oreat,
iliit li.ey cannot \tterlv dtstroye the whole h* inleaiid company thereof Out of thedcnnes,
jiul 111 les vpon t!ie sea t'M.«t, wliere any ureeiie thiiige buddcth or groweth, thev come foorth
liv night ill great Iroopes, and niiiltiludes, to seekc foode, and eate also the cxcreinentes of
ilu- sea, which the I'bb leaueth on the >li>ies. Tii it countrev also nonrisheth another subtill '^f^, '"'"'"*'

111 ' 1 1 !• II \ I 1 , 1 .. •!■ . ... cruell beast.

iV truell l)cixt, yiU) Icsse then a Irciuh dogge) seltlonie scene In the first twilight of the
night, it cominelh foorlli of the lurking places, and couert of tin woodtlcs, goetli to the
\illngc-, and compasscth the houses with loude weeping, and lainentalion, so that they who
,iie ignoraunt of that crafty dcuise, would suppose some voung childe were beaten, I.?ei'nre
the esperit I'.ce of thii;',e> insinuteil the neighbours, many were deccyued, and \nawnrcs,
winloiit to the crying of the iiitant, thei. presently, came the monster, and violently caught
the poore miserable man, and in the twinckling of an eve, tare iiiin in pceces. Long space

■1^

, ■ V'i '111'

I '

I' 1 1

1 ■ i! > 'If

,j ,r > I

'4'

•1 rt : i.'

•

456

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

ne eight Decade.

The Chiribi-

Wilde cattes.

I'ipju a fierce
kuit' o{ bcasti

of time, and necessity, which stirre vp the drowsie mindcs of men, found out aremrdy gainst

the nature of this cruell and monstrous beast. If any be to trauaiie by night, hee carryeth

out a kindled tier brande with him, and swingeth it about as hee goeth, which the monster

beholding, flyeth, as a fearful! mann from the sworde of a madd man, by day this monster

hath neuer beene scene. They are also much molested, and troubled with Crocodiles

^'J^J,"//»" '^"^ espccialiv in solitary anil mirie Bayes, for the most part they take the young, and eate

them, but abstaine from the olde ones, being aflTrayd of them. The Fryars eate of a Cro-

codile, who say that tl\e viisauory taste thereof, is like to the soft fleshe of an Assc, as I

haue else where sayde of the Crocodiles of Nilus, in my Babilonian Legation for the

Catholike Princes Ferdinando, & Elizabeth. From the femall a sent proceedeth much like

the smell of ranke miiske. That Country engendreth wild Catts, the damme c.rrieth the

young in her bosoinc, rrccpin!; or climing among the trees, then they hit the damme, who

falling downe dcatl, tiicy lake the little ones, and kcepe them for delight, as we doe Miin-

kies or Apes, from wich they dilfer exceeding much, they take them also by setting snares

for them on the briiirkes of Fountaines. Beyond the mountaines poynted at with the finger

the Inh.nbifauntcs say, that Montanoiis wilde beastes inhabite, which counterfeit the shape of

a man, in countenance, fecte, and handes, and sometimes stand vpright on their hinder

fecte, with their face vpwarde, and waike, they who hearde this, suppose them to be Bcarcs

but sawe them not. Another fearce Bcaste remaiiieth in their woodes greater then an Asse, ^

deadly enemy to Dogges, for whatsoeuer Dog^e hee mcetcth, hee catcJieth him, and carrvcth

him away with him, euen as a Woolfe, or Lion dontli a shccpe, they violently caught tJirce

Dogges (from the Fryars) whiche kept the Monastery, euen out of the entry or pnrcli. The

forme of the feete of this Bea>t greatly dili'crcth from otlier lining rreafurcs, the hoofc thereof

is like vnto a French shoo, broadc before, and roundc, n< ; diiiido.l, or clouen, sharpc from

the hceic, it is blackc, and shagsj hayrcil, and fcirelh the sight of a man, the inhabitanics

call this fourfuoted Beast, Cappa. It nourisheth also Leo|)ardcs, and Lvons, but mildr, nnd

gentle, and not hurtrull, there are great multitudes of Deere, whiche the ii "labitaiites (wh ,

arc hunters) pursue with their arrowes. There is another Beast no greater then a IVcnrh

I")oggr named Araiiatt, the "-ijaije whereof is like to a manne, with a thicke bcaale, goo(!lv,

cV reuerent to belioldc, tho\ haiic haiidcs, fecte, and imuith Ivke to a inannes, thcv ente ilu-

Iniite of trees, and c liinin;^ .nnong the trees, ns a Catte, or an Ape, they goe in tlorkcs, or

companves, and sometimes making a i^reat crying or iabbering togcathcr, iiisomti<'lie as the

Frvar- of the Moiiaxterv when ihev first arrsued, thought tliem t) bee armjes of Dimllo-

crying out against tl'.em to lorrifie them, for r.ige and madiiesse, of iluir eomming tliilher. h

is a very apt, and quickc Beast, for it I^iKiweth howe to au(>i<le arrowes shot of it, and to t ik"

them with the hand, and seiidc tlu'in hatke to tlu- siiooter: I thiiike them to l;e a kiiule I

.\pes, or Munkics, hut the Fr\ ar^^, dcnv if. Tiu-re is anoilier carrion leane beast, wonderl'n'l

for the gesture and behauiour, I'l.r in >ifcde of doiin<'. it \ov(!otli snakes of a eid)itc Imi', :

these I'ryars snv, thev nouri-^ihcd o'le .it home, ;md that rliev sawe ilic thing by manifest prooli-.

Being demaundeil, \\h(lli('r the sn.ikes went being set at liberlie, thcv savd, to the next

woodds, where ihev line a -.h; rt time. This brast Ivotli sliitking \ pon euery filthy rarrioii

cast on tiie dtinghilles, and therefore iir.patient <il the rotten s;iiii iir fhcr;-nf, they eomniaiiiKhd

it shoulde bee killed: it hath t!ie snout, and haire like a fo\e. Consiil. ring we see wonrnu-j

bred in the bellies of young children, and old ni«-n are n^t lice from that pestilent (l:-^■a^e.

and that I hiue learned, thit tix'v are vivd-.-d ali'.;e to-rfihcr witii the e\( reinrofes, wlnh

chaunging t!ic name the comm :n peojile c.ill maw wonr^nes. v»hv xffuM.le I not bclcciie iliat

to be so, especially such men aHinning the >,nne ? T't>^-Fe i mother li ure-lontcd beast \\hiih

seeketh his liuing by a marneilous instini I of nature: for it i- an hnnfir <>f Antes, .i- wee

know the I've doth, this bea<f h:ith a sharpe snoiit of a spann^ long, and in steade .fa

mouth halli oiiclv a hoa!e in I'.e endc of his siu'Wf, wherfby fwrtlini^' l(ior:!i Ills long tongue,

he siretf heth it out into heddes .(' tlie Antes wliuh ive lii<iil i'l ihe hulliiwe ho.alcs of free-,

and pl.iviiiL', with the moiioti of his tongue hee aliurelii them, and perceiumg if to h. e full

of Atitcs, hee drawetli it back, and so swallowing the Antes, is led. i'hat Coi,titri>' aNo,

ingciidri til

i.*npin!s and
1 .y.^ns of a mild
^' gctulc kiiide.
A beast resem-
bl.tu till- slujie
of a man.

A heiit whose
excremeiues are
snakes.

.\ htast ihat
feedt'h *,)on
/Vntet.

i :

Hie eight Decade.

The eight Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AUff DISCOUERIES.

467

ingendreth that barbed or armed beast, whereof I haiie often spoken. It aboiindcfh also with wiw r,a,e,,
wilde Boares, thorny Hedirhogj;e-f, and Porkepenncs, and diuers kindes of Wcesolls: it is p'^'f,,*,''"''"';,
also adorned witii diuers fowlcs, and is much troubled with the birdcs called Onocrotali, ^c! '■*"""'
wherof I haue spoken at large in my former bookc to the Duke. Battes, like Gnattes, as- b«'«>-
fiayle men sleeping by night. Whatsoeuer the Batt findeth vncouered in a maniic, it
boldly assayleth it without feare, and suddenly biteth it, sucking the blood. But your
Holinesse shall heare a pleasant accident worth the hearing, which fell out about the biting
of a Batt. An housholde seruant of the Monastery, was sicke of a grieuous pleurisie, in ^f » ™"" "ck
great daunger of life, and hauing needc presently to bee lette bloode, the Phlebotomist as-cut^j Jy'i"°
sayd to strike the veine twise or thrise, but got not any drop of bloode with his rasor, where- ^'"•
upon hee beeing left for a dead mann, within fewe howers, the Fryars taking their last fare-
well, departed, to goe about to prepare for his buriall. A Batt seiseth on him beeing thus
forsaken, and opened a veine of one of the sicke mans feete which was vncouered, the Batt
tilled with sucking of the bloode, flewe away, and left the veyne open. At the rising of
the Sunne the Fryars come to this forsaken man supposing him to be dead, and found him
aliue, and checrefuU, and almost well, and after a while hee recoucred health, diligently
applying himselfe to his olde office, thanked bee the Batt, which was his Phisition. They also
kill catts, doggs, and hennes with their biting. The Inhabitaunt calleth a Batt, Rere : I
giue the names of things which they giue, but they giue but fewe. There are also Crowes, 9f '■''"''' "^
( not Crowes which are blackish birdes) with a crooked Eagles bill, rauenous, but slow in
flight, as wee see, and may obseruc in the flying of that slowe birde familiar in Spayne,
bigger then a Goose : about the setting of the Sunne, a fragrant breath or vapour commeth
from them, btit at noonc, or in foggy weather, none at all. Partridges, Turtles, and Stock- *^^°"''"-
doues are bredd there in an infinite number, and they haue little Sparrowes lesse then our
Wrcnncs. They report marueilous things concerning their industrious art^hitecture in the
building of their nests, to defend their young from rauening fowlcs and other monstrous
beasfes. Next vnto the Chiribichenses lycth the Country of Ataia, pk.ng by the shoares Ataii.
whereof, the Spanyanless.iylcd : they who cast their eyes farre into the Sea, the rest eyther
playing, or else idle, sawc an vnknowne and Strang thing, swimming aboue wate' and con-
sidering with fixed eye what it shoulde bee. confidently affirmed they saw-- the hayry head
of a man with a thicke bearde, and that it hadd armes. While they q ictly behelde a farre
off, the mon>tor securely wandred heere, and there, wonderingc at the sight of the shippe, OfnMoj.^crof
but raysing their Companions with cxceedinge loude outcryes, and exclamation, the .Mon- mm!"" ''"' *
ster hearing the soundc of the voyce was terrified, and diued vndcr Water, and shewed that
parte of the body which was hidden vnder the water, and belioiding the tavle, they obscrucd
it to bee like the tayle of a fishe, with the shaking, and flapping whereof it made that jjlace
of the raline sea full of wanes, or sourges. Wee ihinke them to bee the Tritoncs, which
fabulous antiquitie c.iileth Ncpinnes trumpeit«"rs. At the Ilande Cubagua, famous for thel"'™"°'

- ■ .•_.._• o Nfptiinci mim-

fishing of pearle, necre to the Ilande of Marg;iri(a, many reported, that another monster of pJtn"'
that kinde was scene there. In our Cantabricke Ocean, virgins voyces melodiously sinking i"i'"
are saydc to bee hearde at ccrtayne tymes of the ycere : they think'e there are Consortes^and °t'l\-i
companyes of ihcm, when they are prouoked to vencrie, through the api)elite of ingendring, o«J"
or begetting young of the same kinde. They haue many kinds of fishes vnknowne to vs,
but specially they delight in 'i. sortes eucry where, one, they roast or broyle, and kcepe it
as we <loe salted gammons, or fliches of H,u on, or, as we powder or pickle other llcsh, or
fish, for our future necessities. Anotlicr kind, being boyled they knead in maner of a lumpe
•if whealen dough, which being brought into rounde balles, they bestowe vppon the neigh-
bours wanting that marchandisc, for exchange of other forraine commodities. They take
fishes by two slights, or cunning deuises. When they purpose to goe about a generall fish- ""i
ing, a greate multitude of young men gather together, where they know pleniie of th(
fishes are, who with )ut making any noyse compasse about the scoole beehinde in a broadc
ring, like them th.it huntc hares, dining ail together, and in the waters after the manner of
daunrers, with wundes which they carrie in their right hands moucd with great dcxteritie,
VOL. V. 3 \ and

pir m miPr
of li»hiiie>

'^ *,

: -I

u ri

' 1

• I

1-
I

r-H

, ,'1 'ui

.^ -I I m.

bit 'Hi

i'-:^^-

>-■■■'%%. t 1

! :; ' H'

458

A hurtful kind
of tish in the
channell of
Nilui.

Silamandrrs.

Aspcs with the
point of «hose
tailcs thrv puy-
sun their ar-
lowrs.

Spidfrs th.it in-
IsihfM birds.

Eating of licr

Gnattci.

^1. kindfi of

a. !' nei of

Paungeroui Ser-
pents.

CiitfrpiUfrr.

filowcrmri.

Thf rfd ihfjari
of the Sfa, 411(1

the lUfi^wd

voyages; JfAUIGATIONS. The eight Decade.

and the left hande open, by little, and little, and by degrees they driue them to the sandie
shoares lyke sheepe into the folde, and there cast the pray by whole baskets full vppon the
drie lande. I wonder not that this may be done, beecause the like happened to my selfe in
the channell of Nilus, when I went against the streame to the Soldan, foure and twentie
yeers since. The shyppes that carryed mee, and my trayne, and the Palatines sente vnto
mee from the Soldan, staying on the shore to take in newe prouision of victualles, for re.
creations sake, because it wa? not safe to lande by reason of the wandring Arabians, by the
perswasion and counsell of one of the borderers, I cast little peeces of breade into the ryuer
whereuppon presently a multitude of fishes were gathered togeather, so secure, that they
suffered maundes or baskettes to bee putte vnder them, for they come striuing, and flock-
"nge, to the floting peeces of bread, as greedie flyes to any sweete or pleasant thing, then
presently wee lifted vpp the baskets full, and that wee might doe at our pleasure againe, and
againe. But the borderers being demaunded why the great multitude of those fishes conti-
nued so long a time, wee vnderstoode that they eate not those fishes because they were hurt-
full. I was aduised to take none of them in my hand, for they shewed me a redd pricke in
their back, and that the fish endeuoureth to smite the taker with the poynt of the prickle, as
Bees doe with their stinge : but the Chiribichensc.^ haue not that care, for theirs, are good
.nnd profitable fishes. The other kinde of fishing is more safe, and generous, they carry
burning torches by night within their Canowes, and where they know by proofe, the scooles
of great fishes are, thethcr they goe, and swinge about the flaming torches without the sides
of the boates, the scooles of fish hasten to the light, which, by casting their harping Irons,
and dartes, they kill at their pieuaiT''.. and being salted, or drycd in the scorching sunne
they orderly lay them in chestes, and expect the Marchants that will come to their markets,
and let this suffice for the Sea parts. Many kindes also of flyes, and serpents are ingcndrcd
there. The Salamanders of the Chiribichenscs are broader then the palme of a mans liandc,
and their biting is deadly : they croake or cackle like young hoarse hen-chickens when they
begin to desire the Cocke. Aspcs which strike with the stinge of their faylc, are cucry
where to bee founde there, with the po\ nt of their tayle they poyson their arrowes. There
are also diuers coloured Spiders, bcautifiili to bcholdc, twice bi;.;?;*^'' '^cn ours : their wcbb is
strong, and worth the beholding, whatsocuer bird, Icsse, or as biggc as a Sparrow lighteth
into it, is intaiigled, and they of the Mon.istery s.iy tliaf no little strength is required lo
breakc tlie threedds thereof They eate Spiders, IVogges, and whatsoeuer woormes, ami
lice also without loathing, although in other thinges thc\ :ire so qiieasie sfomaked, that if (hey
see any thing that doth not like them, they presently cast \ pp whatsoeuer is in their stomacke.
Many defend theniselues from foure daiingcrous sortes of C-fiattes after this manner, couering
themsclues in sande, they hide their faces with grcene kair.-s among the boughes, yet so,
that they may breath, the small ones of these (Jnattcs are the most hurtfull. There are ,'{.
kinds of bees, whereof two gather honv in hiiics alter the manner of ours, the third is small,
and blacke, which gathcrcth iiony in the wooddes, without wax. The Inhabitauntes willingly
eate the vouiig bees, rawe, ruasted, and sometimes sodden. Tiicre arc two sortes of WasjjC'i,
one harniclessc, the other very troublesome, the one inhahite the houses, the other rcmavue
in the wooddcs. In certayne Hayes of ihc Sea coast, Serjjcnts of ;;reaf and huge bigiies are
ingeiulred, if the .Marriners chatmco lo -.leepe, taking holdc of liic side of the boate, thev
clime info it, and kill, fearc, and eate tlu)>«' thai are .asleepe together, like Vultures seising
^ppon dead carrion which they finde. At certayne limes of the \eere, they are much mn-
lested with grasse-woornies, jialmer-woornies, and l.ocustes, in the blossomes f)l' tiic trees:
ant! in the graine Nfai/iiim, vnlessc great care he taken in drying it, and laving if vp in store-
hoir 's, the Weeiull i;rowctli, anti gnawclh the substance, and pifli, leaiiiiig the huskc, as it
happeth in beam's, and somewhere in come, (iloowormcs are also very familiar there, of
the which I haue spoake in my former Decade to the Duke, that they vse them for remedies
again^t the gnallo.i, and to giue them light by night. Thev say that t! e shoares of that Sea
:it certayne times o,*" the yrcre are redd of the colour of blood, 'fhe .ider sort being de-
maunded what might be the cause, they say, that tiiey tliinke, but aflmne it not, that an

huge

k« >

The eight Decade.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

huge multitude of fishes cast their gpaune at that time, which beeing violently carryed away
by the waues, glues that bloody colour to the brim of the water: I leaue it to them that seeiie
marrowe in the superficies of bones, to beleeue it, or else to infect these, and many thinges
besides, with the natural! corruption of their enuie, and spite. Wee haue nowe spoken suf-
ficiently of fourefooted beasts, fowles, and flyes, as also of trees, herbes, and iuyces, and
other such like things. Let vs therefore bend our bowe to ayme at the noble actes, anj) the
order, and course of the life of men.

The eight Chapter.

THe Chiribichenses are very muche addicted to Sooth-saying, ordiuination, they are louers J/'J,,f^J|i^|,-;'
of playes or sports, songes, and soundcs, euery twilight they salute each other by course with cheoKi.
diuers instruments and songes, sometimes they spend eight dayes together in singing, chaunt-
ing, dauncing, drinking and eating, and sometimes shake themselues vntill they be extreame
weary. Their songes tend to sorow, and mourning, there, euery one furnishe and adorne
themselues with lewels, some set golden crownes vpon their heads, and beautifie their o™""""'
neckes, and legges wiih wilkes of the Sea, or shelles of snayles, in stead of belles, others
take plumes of feathers of diuers colours, others hang golden tablets or brooches at their
breastes, which they call Guaninnes, but they all die themselues with diuers iuyces of herbes,
and he that seemcth most filthy, and ougly in our eyes, they iudge him, to be the most
neate, and trimme : being thus gathered together somewhile like a bowe, then in manner of
a strait wedge, and after tliut, in a round ring, with their handes knit together, then pre-
sently loosed, they gnc rounde with a thousande diuers kindes of skippinges, and dauncings,
alwaycs singing, goint; foorth, and returning witli diuers gestures of the countenance :
sometimes with their lippes close, and silent, and sometimes open with loude outcryes.
These fryars say, that they sawe them sometimes consume six bowers, and more, without any
intermission in these vainc, and laborious motions. When, warned by the Cryars, the bor-
dering neighbourn are to assemble together at the Court of any cheife King, tl>c Kinges
seruantes swccpe, and cleanse the wayes, plucking vpp the herbes, and castingc away the
Stones, thornes, and Strawc, aud all other filth, and if neede require, they make them
wider. The neighbours that come from the Townes, make a stande a slinges cast from the
Kinges Court, and ])repare themselues in the open fielde, and hauing set themselues in an
orderly army, they shake their Dartes, and Arrowes which they vse in the warrcs, singing,
and d.iuncing, and first singing with a trembling low voyce, they goe a softe pace, then pre-
sently the nceror they come, they lift vp their voyccs, and reiterated songs, euer almost
vtlcring the same thing, as for example : It is a clecrc day, the day is cleere, it is a clecre
day. One Commaundcr of euery towne giueth a rule vnto the rest, of their dances, and
songes, who aunswerc so great a Commander with a musicall accord, so that it may seeme
to bee but one voyce in many, and one motion, in many motions. One of the kinsmen or
familiar freindes of that Commaundcr, goeth before the troope or copany, directing his
sieppcs to the folding gates of the Court, then they enter the house without singing, one
countcrlciting the arte of fishing, another hunting, modestly dauncing, after that, another
(like an Orator) lalketh aloude praysing the King, and his progenitors, and one among the
rest couiiterleiteth the gesture and behauiour of a foole or iestcr, one while distorting his
eyes, another while looking directly. This being done, they sitt all silent vppon the ground''''"''^"'''"'
with their (eete vnder them, and eate till they surfeite, and drinke till they be drunke, and
the more vntemperatly any one drinkcth, the more valiant is he accounted. Then, women
vse drinke more modestly, to the intent they may haue the greater care of their husbandes
(uiercome with drunkennes, for euerv husband is licenced to haue his wife to lookc vnto
him, while these sportcs ol i^aci hin l:t>*t : they also vse the hcipe of women at these times
to beare their carriages of mcjit-i and drinkes to the place of meeting : the.sc reach the
ciipps from niun to man after this itsanner, the women drinke to him that sitteth first, who
ariseih, and reathcth the bole or goblet to him that is ncxte, vntill the whole number haue
drunke in their order. The Friars say, that they haue scene some of them swoinc through

3 N 2 too

I IM.

' w

■ i;

.1. t.

~^. t KhA,

;t.

I It: % n

ill'

I ! it

Ill

1,0

M'H';

}

460

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS.

Tlie eight Decade.

li 'rhirous *.^\>\-

III

111.

'I lif Chirihi-
ihriiMs Mai;i'

(MIS.

ncir virjiiH*

Married wo-

inrij.

Wjilikc Irstrii'

niciitj.

j\ JH.lliv* of tJu

U.<rl<.iii.iii&.

Thrir lunfuigr
hard til hf \iidcr-

Hflodt.

'J hr liarbarimk

H iSh tllrmit Iu(S
Cuciv d.»v.

Thti' Ifarl'.-
r ACS i.cuei 1. I*
I .ir,

Poyiontd ir-

too miirh drinkc, that tlicy seemed like to a woman great with childe. After this, they re-
tiirne to brawling and complayning, and reconnting iniiiries past, hence arise combates hand
to hand, pronocationn, and other controiiersies, hence many enmities and hostilities begin,
hence many olde grudges breakc foorth. Nowe when they are alilc to rise, to retiirnc home'
they reuiue their mournefull songs againe, especially the women who are more inclined to
sorrowe. They afTinnc that he that is temperate diirenth mnch from a man, because hee
that'fallcth not through drunkenncsse must neodcs remayne without the knowledge of future
thinges. Thev apply themsdues to the art of Magicke vnder niaistcrs, and teachers, ;,s
here-after wee shall sprake in his |)ropcr piiice, anti then, they say, they had conference,
and familiar conuersation with the deuill, when they arc most oppressed with drunkennessci
the spirits being sounde asleepe, wherefore besides the drinking of wvne, they vse the funu-
of another inebriating hearbe, that they may more fully and perlectly lie without sense,
others also take the iuvce of hearbes prouoking vomite, that their stomacks being emptied,
they mav relume againe to their surfeiting, and drunkennesse. Their virgins also are prc-
.senf at their drunken meetipges, who wrappe the partes of the calies of their legges, and
thvghes next the knee with bottoms of yarne, and binde them harde, to the end that their
calfes, and thighes may swell bigger, and through this foolish dciiise they thinke they ap-
peare fnier to their loners, the other paries are naked. But the married women wearc
. breeches only to couer their priuifics, These people frame warlike iiistrumenies diucrslv
compacted, wherewith they sometimes proiiokc mirth, and sometimes sorrowe, and I'uric
they make some of great sea-shels with little strings ouertlnvart, they also make pipes, i,,-
fluites of sundry pieces, of the bones of Deere, and canes of the riucr. Thev make aUu
little Drummes orTabers beautified with diuers pictures, they forme and frame ihem aUo , \
gourdes, and of an hollowe piece of timber greater then a maunes arme. Hy night ainuKi
alwaycs many cry aloud like Common cryers, from the highest house of euery tcnvni-.
& they carefully answere them from the next towne. Being demanded why the\ put flicni-
selues to that trouble, they answere, that their enemies might not linde them vnprouiiici!,
if thev suddenly came vpon them, for they destroy one another with prr[)cliiall warrr^
'Jhey sav, their language is harde to be \ nderstoode, for the\ pronounce all their wordcs
hall'e cntte of as Poets mav sav, deum fordeorum. If it be vcrie hotte before the risinj; ..f
the suiine, or if it be cold at the rising thereof, thev wash ihemselues eucrv <lav, and li,|-
elegancie, and neatnesse, for the most |)arte they annoynt ihemselues with a ( ertayne slvmv
oynlnient, and putting the feathers of birdcs thereon, they couer all their body : the Spaniiiii
cliiefe lusticcs bring bandes or magilians foorlh of tin- prison after this manner to ilu-
I>iibli(pic viewe of men, in repn ach, for punishment of their hainous crime commiitnl.
Neiilier heate nor cold miuli o|)presselh the Chiribichcnscs of the sea shore, though thev
be next the Ivquinoctiall, vet are they scarce vnder the tenth degree of our I'ole : ilmt
country l\eth towardes the Antarticke ( a* I hauc elsewhere sayde) foure and (iftv dejjrcc^
beyond the .lupiinocliall line, %vher<' the davcs are short<'st, when thev are tiie longest wii!i
\s, and so contrary. .Among them he is accounted most mightie, a 'd noble, who is niii>t
rich in gold, and C'anowes, or hath most kiiulreil, or allves, and he that is most renowned (or
the famous and worlhic acts of his .\iinccsters, or his owiie. If anv doe iniurie to anotlirr,
leitc him take heede to himselfe, for the\ lu iier forgiue, but treacherously seekc reuenpc,
Thi'v are exceeding vaine glorious, and full of boasting, ihev arc much delighted with tluir
l)ov\cs, (.V: poysoned arrows : with the stings of the tavles of Aspes, and the hearbes of cer-
tain .\iits, ami with povsonous hearbes, and apples bruised, and also with the iuvce distilliiii^'
from trees they aniioiiit them, neither are all permitted to temper those mediciiu-s, or com-
[)osiii(,iis. They liaue old women skilfull in that art, which at certaine times thev shut v|)
against their willes, giuing them matter or stufle for that seruice, they keepe them in 2. da\C'.,
wherein thev bi>ile the ointment, and hauing (ii:ishe<l the same at length they let them ;uit,
if thev (iiide the oKIc women in health, so that they lie not halfe tieade through the force of
t',e povsoii, thev grieui uslv |)unish them \' cast away the ointment as vn|)i('fitable (for thev
allirme that the force of the same is so great, that through the smel thereof while it is made,

±, I

7ie eight Decade.

7>e eight Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

4r>l

it almost killeth any that make it) That poyson killeth him that is woutlcd, but not suddely,
so that none of our men ciier fofid any remedy, although they knew how to cure it. Whoso
is wounded. Hues a miserable and strict life alter that, for he must abstaine from many things,
which are pleasing, first from Venery for 2. yccres at the least, & al his life time from wine,
& food, more then the necessitio of nature onely, & from labour : vnles they forbcarc
these things, they die without further delay : the fryars say, they haue scene many wounded,
because they de>tr(iy one another with blouddie wars, but none deadc except one
woman (for the women fight together with the men) who being wounded, refuse to vn-
(Icrgo the strict rules of medicine : our men coulde neuer wring out of them, what remedic
they might vse for that cure. They exercise their bowes from their childhoode among them-
seines with little rounde bullets of waxc, or wood, in steedc of arrowcs. While they trauailc
by sea, one "dinger sitteth in the prowe, or head of the Canow, whom the rowers following
from point to |)()int, after a pleasing and driiglitfull maner, answer him with the vniformc
motion or stroakc of their oares. The women lor the most parte passe the time of their
addlescencie, &' youth honestly enough, but being elder they become vnconstant. After
the generall manner of women, whom strange thinges please more then their owne, they
loiip Chrixtias better: they run, swim, sing, & exercise all motions as aptly as me; they are
easily deliiiered, without anic signe, or token of paine, & neither lie down vpo the bed, n"r
expect nnie pleasing delights: they l)olster the neckes of their infant-* with 2. pillowes, the
one before, and the other behinde, and bind them hard euen till their eies start, for a smooth
j)lainc face pleaseth them. The yong marrigoable maydens the parents shut vp two yceres
in secret chambers, so that for that time, thev goc not lorlh into the ayrc, for otherwise
by reason of the sun, and often vse of the water, thev are somwhat brown : & during the
time of their shutting vi>, they neuer cut their hayre. Manic dc»ire to haue wiues kept
with that scuerity, these if they be fir-t wiues of an husbud, are honored of ^ rest, which the
noblemen haue ;it their pleasure, \n\t tlie ccimnio people line contctcd with one, yet ^ baser
- Tt for the most parte yeehl obeilience to y inorc niinhty. After mariage they beware of
.uliiltery, if it happen, the woman is not cliarged with jl' crime, but renege sought against
\ :idiilfcrer, the wife may be diuorsefl. All ( next neighbours are inuited to the mariage of
ihi< in.tiilc tl'us seuercly tirst shut v|», & the womf- guests bring euery one with the on their
sliciilders a burden of drink, iV dainty meats, more then they arc wel able to beare. The
nic cary euery one their biidle of straw, iV reeds, to build an house for 5' new maried wife,
which is erected with bcaes set vpright in maner of a warlike pauilio, f house being builf,
\ hrid^room \' brid*- are adorned according to their abilitie, with their accustomed lewels, &
precious stons of diners cnloiirs, and they that want ihem, borrowe of tiieir neighbour-:, then
the newe maried wile sitteth ajiarfc with the virgins, and the bridegroome with the men.
Alter that ihey C(imp.i.sse them iioth aliout, •*inj;ing, the young men going rounde about
him, and the maydens about her: and a Harbar commeth, who cuttetli the bride-groomes
haire from the eare, but a womanne i)olleth the l)ride, onelv before, vnio the eye-browcs,
lull on the hinder part of the heade, shee rcmayneth bushy, or ouergrowne with long haire:
these things l)eing done, and niijht approaching, they otVer and deiiuer the bride to her hus-
l-aiiile l)y the hande, und he is pcrn\itted to vse her at his pleasure The women also haue
tiieir e:ires boarcd through, whereat they hange lewels, the men dine together, but the wo-
men neuer eate with the men. The women lone to haue cliarge of the liouse, and exercise
iljcmseiues in the atl'ayres of the family, but the men apply themselucs to Iblow the warres,
huniiiig. lishiiii;, aiul -pi riing pastimes. Hcere I pas^e oner many things concerning their
Ixliatiii'ur, and inanncr of life, because in my former treali»c to the Duke I mentioned, that
they were sulTu ientK , and at large recited, in our Sen:iti', somewhat whereof I feare is heere
repeated not nece—ary, fnr the 70. yeere of mine age, which bt-ginneth the fourth of the
NdMCs of February, next comming in the yeere l,">'.^<). hath so erased my memory, and
wiped It out as it were rubbing it with a sponge, thai the pericnl scarce ralleth from my penne,
when, if any dcmaund \>liat 1 haue (h>ne, I plainely coiii'csse 1 cannot tell, c«[)eiiall\ Ijcc.uise
these things tome to my handes al diners times, ob.-erued and noted by diucrs men. Three

things

Ni» cure for tlip
wiitiiiJt m:tdi' Uy
the r-')'"' '"J *'•
nwc.

womfn J- liivi
women at uuri.

Locking vp r(
maydi-iit j ^or^
(icuisf.

Iluicrjr.
Thf 111. u-rr nf
loIininiiiiK "f
tllt'ir nun*'. \.

Tlie wi ntrii ty.f
notwuhilieirci..

Tlit auili.i
[rrniou-l-
t.s.-rtli liir

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46'i

A dliC'iurw of
thrir practitcof

life.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

ne eight Decade.

Thfir cure n(
the lU'kc.

Anmlicr L'uiJ i>f
cure.

things nowe remaync, which bcinj{ declared, wee may p(*raduciiture conclude thin workc
vnlense new inatterH bee brought vnto vs. Wee will thererure i\M nhe've howe thoMc barl
barou*, and almoot naked mcti learne, and practise the art of Mngicke, then, with wlut

Eompe and Holeinnitic they celcbnte their funerallcs, and lastly, what they bdeeue, shall
ccoine of the dcade. They h^uc ftkiHiiH and expert miiiisicrst of Magiciic, whichc they
call Places, to these they rise vp in token of reucrence, and honour them as gods: out of
the multitude of children they chusc some of 10. or 12. yccrcB old, whom they know by
conicdure to be naturally inclined to that seruice, & as we direct our children to the schooics
of grammarians, and Rhetoritians, so do they wend them to the secret, and solitary place,
of the woods. For two yeeres space they le.ide an harde and strict life in cottages, & re.
ceiue scuere institutions, vnder the Pythagorean rule or instrurti.»n of their old ma-sters.
They abstaine from all kinde of things nourishing bloud, & from the Jct of genention, oi
tl)e thought thereof, drinking oncly water, and line without an) lonucrsation with their pa-
rents, kindred, or companions. During the light of the sunne, they see not their maistcrs
at all, who goe vnto their schollers by night but sende not for them. They rehearse to tlic
children songs or charmes th.t rayse deuils, and together with them, they shew them hdw
to cure the sicke : and at the end of two yeeres they returnc backc to their fathers hmises.
And they bring a tei^limoniail with them of the knowledg thev haiic j^oita from their inastt m
the Piaecs, as they that haue attained the title of Doetorship doe. from the cities Unnonii^
Papia, and Perusium, othcrviso, none learned in the art of Pliisicke dare prartisc the same.
Their neighbouring allies, or frieds, if they be sicke, .idmit them not to cure them, liut seiul
for strangers, and those especially of another king. Aceordinj; to the diuers nature, ortii,,,.
lilic of the disease, they cure them by diuers superstitions, and they arc diiiersly rcwanud
If a light griefe onpressc him ^ lyeth sicke, taking eertainc iiearhes in their mouth, thev |);;|
their lips to the place of the griefe, & lulling the asleepe, they sncke it out with great vici-
Icnec, and sccme to draw the ntl'ensiue humor vnto them, then going forth of the hoihe
with cither cheeke swelling, they spit, & vomit it out againe, & say, the sick patient shall
shortly be well, because through that sucking, tSf lulling asleepe, the disease is for(il)lv
drawne out of his veines: but if the wcakc partir be oppressed with a more vehement (ciier,
1&: rruell paine, or any other kind of sieknes, they i ure them after another maner. The
I'iaces go vnto the sicke, & cary in their hands a litle stickc of a tree known vnto them, no
comon prouocatio to vomit, & cast it into a platter, or dishful of water, that it may l)c iiioi*.
tencd, or wet, he sitteth with him that lyeth sick, & saith, y the dise.ised partie is vcm,!
with a deuil, they ^ are present beleeue his report, & his kindred, & familiar (rieds iiiircai
the Piaces to bestow his trauailc A: paines for remedy therof. Whernpon he goeih to the
weake patient. Si continually licketh and suckcth al his body after the manner we haue saiijc.
and mumbling vttereth certaine charmes, saying, that by that meanes he liringeth theileiiill
out of y marrow of the sicke, & drawcth him into himselJie, then presently taking y liilc
moystcned stirke, he rubbcih his own palate eucn to the Vuula, iV iiltcr that he thriisteih
the litle stii kc downe into his throate, and prouukeih von>it, and straineth vntill hec ca>t
\ppe whatsoeuer meate is in the bottoine of the stomaeke, or almost whatsoeuer is in it, and
with panting spirit, now trembling, another while submisse, and lowe, hee shaketh his whole
bodie, and bellowcth fourth loude cries, and lamentable groncs more strongly tlicn a litilj
wounded with ilartes in a race, and thumpeih and beaieth his brest, so that the sweatc runiies
trickling downe for the space of two houres, like a shower of r lyne from the roofes of the
houses. The two coloured Fryars of the Monasterie say they sawe it, and also wondereil
thereat, how that Piaces should not burst in the middle through so violent r» motiim and aj;i-
tation. The Piaces being demanded why hee suirered these torTuentes, sayth he must imlure
the, that through charms, inforcing the deuillcs from the marrow of the siike, and by muI-
ing, and lulling him a sleepe, he might cast out thediuel drawn vnto himselfe. Now when
the Piaces hath long disi|uieted himselfe with diners vehement actions, filthily belching, he
casteth vp a certaine thicke liimpc of flcamc, in the middle whereof an harde coK-hlacke ball
lies wrapped, they gather that lothsontc excrement together with the hand, and sepaniie the

little

'\.^

'■ :t

They coil- Cuniultinj
■' Willi itiueUcl.

The eight Decade. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 403

little blarke ball from ilic rt'-t of the rume, the Places lying halfe deade with the sicke
parrio. then they i;o forth of tin- house, and with a loud voycc they cast away the litle ball
an farre aH thev can, r*|)eatin;; these words a^aine and ajjaine, Maitonoro quian, Maitnnnro
qiiian which xignificth : goc diiiell from our frit-ndc, j{oc diuel from our friende. This being
dnnc, hee rcqiiireth of the sirke mannc the price or recompence of the cure, insomuch
th-it the sicke partie supposcth he shall shortly ])e well, and so thinke his kinsmen, &
familiars. Then plentic of the grainc Mai/iunt , and other food is giue him, according to
the qualitie of the disease, they likewise giuc him tablets of golde to hange at the brest, if
(he Hickc party bee able, and the infirmitic daungerous, or harde to be cured. But this is
to bee remeiiibrcd, the two coloured Fryars of the Monastery, menne of authoritie, and

[jreachers adirmed, that fewe perished who were thus cured, by the Places : what secrete
yeth hidden here, lettc such as are prone to sift out other mens matters, itidgc as they
please, wee present suche thinges as are giucn vs from men of authoritie, and worth. If
the disease growe againe, it is cured by druggcs, and iuyces of diucra hcarbes. They c
suit with diucis also concerning things to come, whom they binde with their knownc'
charmcs which they vsed in that solitarie place, from their childhoodc, questioning him
concernyng showers, and drought, the temper of the ayre, and touching diseases, and
contagions, peace, warre, and the snccesse thereof, & also concerning the eucnts of iour-
nics, the beginninges of thinges, negotiations, gaines, and losses, and of the comniing of the
Christians vnto them, whom they abhorrc, because they posscsse their countries, giue them
lawcs, and compell them to vse newe and strange rites, andcustomes, and cause them to reiect
their arriistomed desires. The Places being demanded concerning future thingefi, the ^'J|.'""J;i'
Fryars afTirmc they answere perfectly, and directly : whereof beesides many other thinges, iht duidi know
they shewed vs two examples becing assembled in our Senate. The Fryars with grccdie'"^"*' """""*
and longing expectation desired the comming of the Christians vnto them who were nowe
desolate, i.nd forsaken, in tiie counlrey oT the C'hiribichenses : the Piaces beeing asked
whether the shippes woulde come shortly, they forctoidc that they woulde come at an ap-
poyntcd day, and likewise told vs the number of the marriners, their habitte, and
particularly what they brought with them, they say they fayled in nothing. But another
tiling seemeth more harde to bee credited, they foretell the F.cclipsc of the Moone three J^'Tf"""''!!"
mnnelhes beefore, and more, although they hauc ncyther letter", nor knowledge of anieniw,''r«,.iM,t
Sricncc. At that tyme they faste, and lyuc sorrowfully, perswaded thereunto, because""''"")''"'""
they thinke some euiH is foretoldc thereby, ttiey recelue the Ecdipsc of the Monne with The F.ta>i«rf
sorrowfull sounds, and songs, especially the women, beat & smite one another, iVc fi ih' ni,.>M,r iiicy
marriageable maidens draw bloud out ol tlieir armes, cutting their veines with tiic sharpe
prickle of a fish, in steede of swordgrasse Whatsoeucr meate or drinke is founde stored,
jind prepared in their houses in the time of the V.cdipsc, they cast it into the Sea, or chan-
nclls of riucrs, abstaynlng from all delights \ntill they see the Moone hath escaped that
danger, which hauingc rceiued light againe, they glue themselucs to sports, & pastimes,
.ind ioyfiill songs, & dancinge. It is ridiculous to be hearde, what the Piaces contrary to
their knowledge perswade the innocent people to bee the c.iuse of the Ecclipse of the
Moone: for they childishly al'irme, that the Moone at that time is cruelly wounded by J
angrv sunne, ^: that the fury of the same belnge appeased, she reuiueth, and receiueth * ''"i""!""'
her lormer state, as tht)ugh the deuill knewe not the cauwc of the Eccli|)se, who beinge cast Ecl'i'ir "
ilowne from the seate of the starrts, brought with him the knowledge of the starres. But
when the Places, at the request of any prince or other friend, are to ravse spirites, they "^V"'!;' of
filler into a secret .solitary place at ten of the clocke at night, and carry with them a fewe minli tiKtcm.
stout and vndaunted younge men, the Magitian sitteth vppon a lowe settle, while the
vminge mcnn stande immoueable, and crycth out with oiitragious woordcs makinge plaine
ihingcs obscure, as antiquitie reporteth Sibilla Cumea did, then presently he shakcth the
belles which he carryeth in his hande. and after that, with a heauy sounding voyce almost
nuiiiriiinge, hee sjieaketh to the spirit which hee callelh vp in ihese worde.s, Prororure,
Prororure, pruducinge the last uillablc, and that he often repcateth, if the deuill belnge

called

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IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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PhotDgraphic

Sciences
Corporation

33 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO

(716) 873-4503

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.• f"nirt in
fl'.Cft Mito the

The onti.'t) uf
i'lur 'I'li.ijnas
llortikius.

The fi'ur con-
lairt thr iiiuell.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The eight Decade.

1 lir uisvfrf of
tbc diut<;.

A daitil cast

called deferre his comminjjc, he vexeih & tormeiuefh himselPe more cruelly, for they arc
the wordcs of one that intreateth him to come, but if hee yet deferr his comminj^e, he
chaungcth his son-es and vttcreth threateninge charmcs, and seemeth with a sterne coun-
tenance as it were to commaund him. They execute and put in prat-ti.se those thinires
which we say they had learned in the solitary woods vnder the discipline of their ojj
Masters, now when they perceiue hee is come at length beeing called, preparingc them-
selues to intertaine the dcuill, they oftencr rattle, and shake the belles: then, the deuill
raysed, assaileth the Places, as if a stroiige mann sett vppon a weake child, and this
dcuilishe guest ouertiiroweth the Places one the grounde, who wresteth and writheth him-
selfe, and sheweth signes, and tokens of horrible torment. While hee labourcth aiul
struggeleth thus, one of the boldest and hardiest of the yonge menn admitted goetli viiio
him, and propoundeth the commaundements of that kinge, for whose sake the Places vndcr
tooke this waijjhty busines, then the spirit included within the lippes of the prostrate M.ioj.
tian maketh aunswere: what questions they vsc to demaunde, we haue mentioned bccforc.
The aunswearcs beinge receiucd the yonge mann dcmaundeth what reward mu-t bte jjincn
to the Piaccs, and whether the deuill iudge hee should be satisfied with other foodc or Mai-
/ium, the demaundes are surely giuen to the Piaces. \Vhen they behold a Comet, eucn ;n
a shcpheard when the woolfe commeth, vseth to driue him a viay with horrible out irvrs,
so, they thinke a Comet wilbe dissolucd with their noyse, & sounde of the drummcs. flic
Monasterians reportinge these, and the like thins^cs vnto vs porrciued some of our .Tisociatc ,
to doubt, whether credit were to bee giuen to their wordes, and therefore, that friar TIiohiin
Hortizius who throughly knewe the ad'aircs & maner of behnuiour of the Chiribicliciisis
brake forth into this Example saying.

The ninth Chapter.

Tile happy & blessed friar Peter of Corduba, an holy man by the iudgement of all,
and Viceprouinciall of the preaching friars of our order, of the country of Andaiuzin,
whom only the exceeding great desire of increa^irvs^e our faith, drewo to those dcso-
late, and solitary places, depending onelv on the avd'.; and heipe of (Jod alone, dctcrmincJ
to search out the secretts of those Piaces, and desired by his presence to knowp
whether such as were vexed with the deuill prophesied, & could giue aunsweres afrcr
the manner of the Delphick Apollo. That reuerent father worthy admiration, girdtili
his preistly robe about him, bringeth holy water in his right hande to sprinckle flu- sirke
party therewith, & in his left hand carried the Crosse of Christ : and standinge ncere the
sicke spoake these wordes: if thou be the deuill, that thus vexest this man, I adiure thee
by the vertue ol this instrument well known vnto thee (and stretcheth out the crosse) that
thou presume not to cnme forth thcce without our leaue, before thou first answere to mv
dcmades. After that, this holy father alTirmelh, that he spake many things in Latine, and
asked some questions in the Spanish tongue whcreunto he sayth the sicke partv made

Iiarticular aunswere, yet neither in Latine, nor Spanish, but in the language wherein ilie
'iaccs are instructed, diflcringe nothinge in sense. This good friar, besides the rest,
added one thinge: behold saith hee whether doe the soules of the Chiribichenses goc, after
they depart out of this bodily prison? We drawe them (saith he) and \ioIently carrv them
away to the biirninge, and etcrnall flames, that together with vs, they may sufl'er punish-
ment of their filthy misdeedes: and these things were done in the presence of inanv
C'hiribichenses by the commaimdcment of the fryar. Notwithstanding this report diuulged
throughout the whole coutry, nothing disrouraged the Chiribichenses at all from their old
euill beehauiour and manners, but that they followed and executed their appetitie, and de-
sires after the same manor they were woont, as friar Thomas cuplaineth. This being done
the good friar of Corduba turninge to the Piaces lying sicke, saith, thou vnclennc spirit depart
from this man. That wtird being spoakcn, the Piaces suddenly arose, but so amased, ih.it
he stoode longc estranged from himselfe, scarse standinge on his feete, who, as soone as
he had liberty of spcach, begann to curse, and grecuously to complaine of his departed

guc.t.

Tlie eight Decade.

The eight Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERreS.

463

guest, which ro longe time afflicted his body. Garsias Loaisa also one or the two coloured
preaching friars, as he affirmeth, whom your Holines hath aduanced to the heigth of his order
vnder a Cardinal!, now Confessor vnto Caesar, and Oximensian Pnelate, cheefe of our Indian
Senate, saith, that Cordubensian friar, is worthey of all commendation, & that he speaketh
truth. And this thinge seemeth not strange in my iudgement, seeinge our lawe permitteih
vs to confesse, that many haue bin vexed with deuills, and Christ himselfe is often sayd to
haue cast vnclenne spirits out of men. These Places ako inioy the society of banquetinges
with others, dancings, & other light pastimes, yet are they separated from the people for
their grauity. Nor doe these Magitians titeselues vnderstand the sense of their charmes, as
it falleih out with our coQtry men: although the vulgar tongue be next vnto ^ Latine,
yet few J are present at ^ sacred ceremonycs of rcligio perceiue what f priests singe, yea and
amonge f priests theselues through ^ careles negligence of the Praelates there arc not a fewe,
that contented only with the pronouncinge of the woordcs, not perceiuing the matter, dare
presnme to say diuine seruice. Now after what manner, they celebrate their funerals, wil
not be vnfit to be hearde. The bodyes of such as dye, especially of the nobility, they stretch
out beinge layd vpon hurdels, or grates, partly of reede, and kindlingc a soft fire of certaine
herbes, they drye them, and all the moysture beeing distilled by droppes, they afterwards
presenie them and hangc them vp in secret roomes for houshold godds. Other countryes
also of this suppased Continent haue that custome whereof I thinke I spoake in my former
Decades, to Pope Leo your Holines his cousen german. But such bodyes as are put foorth
vndried, are buried in a trench digged at home with lamentation and teares. Tiie yeare of
their first funeralls beinge past, the next neighboringe friendes are assembled, and such a
multitude (as agreed with the state of the deade) come together, and euery one of them that
arc inuited commeth accompanied with meates, and drinkes, or bringeth slaues laden there-
with, and at the first twilight of the night, the seruantes finde the graue, take vp the bones,
and with loude voyces, and loose haire, lament and weepe together, and takinge their feete in
their handes, and puttinge their head betweene their legges, they contract themselues into a
round compasse, and then they vtter horrible howlinges, stretchinge out their loose feete in
a rage, with their faces, and armes, erected to the heaucns. And whatsoeuer teares fall from
their eyes, or sniuell distilleth from their nostrills they leaue it vnwiped, filthy to behold : and
the more bcistly they become, the more perfectly they thinke they haue performed their
duty : they burne the bones, keepinge the hinder part of the headc, and this, the noblest and
best of the womenn bringeth home with her to bee kept for a saccred relique, then, such as
were invited, returne home. Now let vs speake what they thinke concerning the soule.
They confesse the soule to be immortall, which hauinge put of the bodily cloalhing they
bcleeue, it goeth to the woodes of the mountaines, & that it liueth perpetually there in
raues, nordoe they exempt it fro eating, & drinking, but j" it shuld be fed there. The
answering voyces heard fru caues & hollow holes, which ^ Latines call Echo, they suppose to
bee the soules wandring through those places. They knewe them honour the Crosse although
lying somewhat oblique, and in another place compassed about with lynes, they putt it vppon
siirhe as are ncwe borne, supposing the Diuels flie from that instrument, if any fearefull
apparition bee seene at any time by night, they set vp the crossc, & say that the place is
clensed by that remedy. And being demanded whence they learned this, & the speeches
which they vnderstande not, they answere that those rites and customes came by tradition
from the elders, to the yonger. Let the Chiribichensian affaires excuse mee, though I denie
tiiein the last place promised vnto them in this heape of thinges, for 1 sayde, they should
conclude this worke, except some newe thinges arose, it is therefore more meete that those
worlhie fleetes which often cutte the Ocean, should driue away the List troopeof so great and
iifinite varictie of matter, and nowe drawe backe my wearie hand from writing. For while
I was imployed in my former treatise to the Duke, and in the thinges mentioned to your
lldlinesse in this booke, many occurrents came which partly I reported, & partly occasions
ofTered, compelled to bee reserued vntill this tyme, because also I haue no liberiie, for other
buisinesse, euerie day to apply my selfe to set downe in writing the successe of the affayres
VOL. V. 3 O of

SoMindtii
your popish w>
pcriUtian.

The minner of
of their fooliih
funuiUi

Reliquet.

Their coccipt
of Echo.

He thit tiufht
(he pipistei to
adore the Imige
of the croue
might teach
theie miscrcanu
ihii cereBoay.

mi'

v !* '

i,-t

Uii i i\.m.f

w m

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•1'^ 1

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4(i6

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS,

ThceigJu Dtcadt.

24. Ships ilf-
p.iittd lrn:ii
lljiiainrdit to
|nf to Hispj*
liioli.

RpfKirtJ from
luh^iincs Men*
(It-^Mrcnstt.

Thf aTTMiall of
two 5h'p> ("lom
Corns .Mui
Noui llispnnia
at t!ic C issiic-
lidrs A: tlieir
iUCL-e&sc.

,\ tlrtte of siic

«'iipS vflit out

I t ni Crsir to
iiicclr ^ith toe
))|latr».

Tli# stithor
lOtlrrtrth to
bf^'tff the I'opcs

of India : somdimes a whole month pnsseth my handes without anie inteliigencc, and there-
fore when I haue Icn'iire all thiiiges are written in hast, and almost confusedly, nor can
order be obserued in them, because they fall out disordered : but let vs come to the fleetes.
or 4. ships sent from Hispaniola the former yecre, one came hither, from whose ni;irincrs
and the Senate remaining there, those things were related, and written vnto vs, which are do!

claredconcerningGaraius, .'F.gidiusCJonsaUis.ChrisfophcnisOlitus, Pctrus Arias, and Fcrnnndiis
Cortes. The fifth of the Ncnes of May, in this yecre 1525. another fleete of twentic foure
shippes dcpnrlcd from Barrameda tlie mouth of Betis,' to goc first to Hispaniola, where thp
Senate is, whiche gouerneth, anddirectcth all matters of the Ocean, and from thence presetiilv
to disperse themselues to diuersc Prouinces of that newc worlde. In one of those shippes niy
housholde scruant lohannes Mcndegurensis (a manne well knownc to the Ciisentine, iV
Vianesian Archbishops somiimcs Icgats here) was caried, to looke vnto the affaires of niy
Paradisian lamaiia. From him, I haue rcceiued letters, from Gomera, one of the fortunaf'o
Ilandes, where all that are to passe the Ocean, arriue to take in fresh water. Ilec wrifefh,
that he performed his voyage widi prosperous successe in tennc dayes space, and manie
swifter ships might haue done it in shorter time, but he was faine to slackc his sayles tn
expect his slowe consorts, le.nst lagging behinde they shoulde light into the mouth of the
French Pirates, who sfayd long houering for them vndcr siylc : the fourth day after, he savth,
they woulde set sayle to Sea, then becing secure from the fcarc of Pirates, they will JKi'v^a
all their sayles, and spreade them at their pleasure : and we pray God they may succesfiiHv
j^erforme the voyage they haue happily begunne. I doe not well remember whether I haue
said that two shippes from Fcrnandus Cortes, and Nona Ilispania (the furthest of countries
knowne to vs) arriued at the Cussiteridcs, Ilandes of the Portugalles dominion railed Azores,
but whether I so saide, or not, it little skilkth. I must now declare, how it came to pns«o,
that they fell not into the handes of those greedie Pyrates, who houering vndersayle waited
long for them, and how they escaped, or what tiiev bring. One of them beeing vnladcn,
determined to trv- her fortune, and by Gnddes hclpr, light not among the pyrates, but
escaped safe. The Captaines of the ships deliuered cerfaine mess.nges to Ca;sar, and to vs by
Lupus Samanccus brought vp by me from a little one, who went three yeeres since fmm
ht'ce with my good leaue, with Alborna/.ius the kings Secretary, vnder the name of the Kin'jrs
Auditor. Vnderstanding these things, a fleete of si\e shipprs was presently proniilcd,
whereof foure were of the burden of two hundred tiinnes, and two Carauelles to accompanvc
them very well prepared for Sea (igiu, if they oieele with the Pirates; the King of P()rfu;;:ill
also lent vs foure other vcrie rcaciie shipjj'es, well furni>hc(l with munition, and all kindc df
ordinance, so they departed the scuenth of the Ides of Iiine, tooke in iheir lading which they
had left there, and returned about the cnde of lulie to the cittie of Siuill, where they gaiic
thaiikcs to God, frf)m whonic wee daily expect the chiefc ('ommanders. What we shal draw
from them, we will sometime hcreafier giue vour lloiinessc a fast thereof, if wee vnderstaiid
liiesc tliinges plc.nse you, by (.("t'eriiige \> a dish 'if daintv meates, wherewith your Iloliiies
doth yeerely fatfe mi)rc then twenty thousand Mle persons, that they may more liberallv
inioy the prcrogatiucs of securitie, and ease. I presumed to speake the like to Cu'sar, whcii
he gaue me the Abbey of lamaica : fur I deliuered my minde vnto him in these wordcs.
.Most mighty C.-esar, what I haue bin to vour mothers anee^iers antl both your parents for
these '.il. yecr?s wherein I haue remained in Spaine, and how profitable I haue bin to vour
im[)eriall maiesi\ , so often as occasion is oflered, your inaiesty confesseth, in wonl & honor
uiucnme: but for teslimuy of the same that I may prrswade my eountrynien thereof, tlie
Kmbassadiiurs of Millaine, Venice, Florence, (ieniia, Ferrara, & Mantua, 1 want some out-
ward argument of this |()m>, in regard of honor, whose baytc no man shall cucr bee found
who liatii reieetcd it: euery one (,is the nKle prouerbe saith) commentleih f.ivrcs aceordini;'
to the qualifie of *f gaine. Surelv after I receiiied that gracious & fauorable pirchment Bull
from your IbdinL-ssc may parlieul.ir poyntes, it ciaMses of the letters of the most reuerent
Datariiis written to the Legate Baltasar, were acceptable vnto me, wherein he fcstifielii your
Ilolincsbe liis louc is not meane towardes me, and courteously proiniscth he will be my

Aduocate

■1: i„

TheciglU Dtcadt.

The eight Decade.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

467

Aduocatc with your Ilolinessc. But wc thinke ^ a tree well furnished with Icaues is not so
muili fo l)C"e csiecmed, wliicli when it may bcc beneficiall, desireth rather to bee like an Ehiic,
or a Plane tree. I haue di^^resscd to farr from the purpose, let vs therefore rctiirne to the
ships th;it are br<ui,",ht hcthcr. The shippcs sent from Cortes were onely two, and those
surely very litle, they as( ribe the smalc store of treasure to the scarcity and want pfshippes ro.ThouMni
of those countryes, for they bring onely 70. thousand Pensa of gold to Caisar, I haue often L'''uioraCortet
saydc that Pensuni cxcccdctli ilie Spanish Ducat of gold a fourth part, yet I thinke this will ioc«ur.
noihinge exccedc it, bcccausc the gold is not pure. They bringe also a Culiicringe a warlike riitjoUen
nccce of ordinance, (whereof 1 Ivtuc often spoaken) mode almost all of gold, but Lupus Sa- '"'""'"f ^'^
innnccus who is now with nic, being conucyed in tlie lirst snipp which tryc<l her lortune,
saith, it was not of gold, ami that if weighed three and twenty Quintalcs alter the Spanish
wordc (eucrc Quintall containcth 4. Rnbi of poundes of G. Ounces to the pounde). They
also bringe precious stones and diners, and sundry sortesofrich ornaments, & in the first
shippo Lupus Samanccus brought a Tygcrof wonderfull beauty, but it was not brought vnto ATv.-r<.f.
vs. Concerninge Cortes, and his crafty & sublill deuiscs in seducinge, and dccciuing, farr ^'""''"^""""'1'
did'cringe from J relation of many, and the apparant arguments, that he hath he;ipes of gold, spun,-.
precious stones, and silucr, piled vp in store, such as haue ncucr bin heard of, sent in J;°"," c"^"to''
by burdens, by the sialics of the Kinges, through the postcrne gate of his huge court, iisht.
and that by stealth in the night, without the priuitie of the Magistrates, and of the
citties and their priuilcdged townes, and innumerable rich villages, their gold and siluer
mines, and the nuiinl)er and largenes of the prouince, and many things besides, ' wee
reserue them till anotiicr time. Cerlaine remedyes are secretly thought vpon, but it
were an havnous nialtcr for me to mutter any other thing for the present, vntill this
webb, which we now begin, be throughly wouen to an cnde: let these things be re-
serucd for tlieir place & let vs now speake a little concerning the other fleets. h\ that
booke which Antonius T;iinaroniis a batchclerof art, and iny Sollicitcr dcliuered to your
Holines (beginningc, Before that) mention is made at large concerninge a (leete which
was to bee sent to the Ilaiides of Maluchas ingendringe spices, lyinge vnder the illquinoctiall
line, or next vnto it, where, in a controuersie with the king of Portugall in the cifty of Pax
Iiilia, commonly called Hadaioz, wee sayd, the Portugals wecre convicted, but wouldc not
confcsse it, the reasons of which matter are tliere alJedged, and set downe : that fleet com-
manded to be staved (the I'acensian assembly being dissolued) was finished in the Canta-
brian roade ofliilbo, and about y Calendcs of Iiine of this present ycere 1J2.'). was then
brought to the hauin of Cluuia in Galjjei ia, the safest harbor of all, and capable of all sorts
of ships which the Seas eontaine. And being furnished with all things necessary both for a
long voyage, & for warr, if necessity of light gaue occasion, they stayd at an ancher certainc
dayes cxpeciinge a fauorable winde. This lleeic consisteth of 7. shippcs, whereof 4. areof the a fltfteof '.
burden of IW), tuiiiie-<,andy()0. twoCuraiiels also accompanyed them. I vsc the familiar woordes |l,7ciu uqutcj
that I may be vnderstood, & the seuenth is a litle one, which the S|)aniard callctli a Patac, to 30c toy
they carry also another ol the same sort in seuerall peei es, that as soone as they come to the '^'•''"""'•
desired hauen, they may ioyne her together, that is to say to the Hand of Tidore one of the
Maluchas (where in compassing the worlde we sayde in our Decade to Adrian, that one of the
two shi|)pes that were left remained, with (iftie meniie) and with those two drawing litle
water, they might sound, and search the llandes, vnder, on this side, and bevonde the
Equinoctial! lyne. This lleete slaying, the king of Portugall cousin germane vnto Cxsar, TiHK„^„f
and his sister-; sonne, neuer ceased vehemently to vrge, and earnestly intreate, that Caesar ''""' -^'' "'
wouide not conscnte to indammage nun so much. Hut Ca;'sar woulde neuer yeeld to the ti.f st.yoitiic
request of his cousin gcrmine the King, le.ist hee shouldc make the C.istellanes (bein<'^ the"""'
strength of his Empire, «& all his kingdomcs) to bee disple.ised with him. And therforc at
length contrarie to the opinion, and desire of the Portugailes, at the first dawning of the dav,
before the feast of S. Limes the patron of the Spaniardes, the pros|)erous E.istcrnc windcs
blowing from the lande, the flcete sette sayle. At the weighing of their anchors they Thfii.ctestts
sounded the trumpettcs, and dniratues, and discharged the great ordinance, as if heauen "'''■

3 O 2 hadde

>-]!:■;..

■tlfi-

•V' ^ ';■■*

i'r-

If'. .

468

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The eight Decade,

inigc.

hadde seemed to haue Talne, & the mountaynes trembled for ioy : yet the euening berore,
LM?L?hVcom. '''* Commander of the fleete Fryar Garsias Loaisa the crosse-bearer of S. lohn, foure yeeres
iii"d"r'ofihr* since sent Embassador from Caesar to the great Emperor of the Turkr*, did homage in the
ti««ed«iho. hands of Count Fernando De Andrada a Prince of Galisia (who sometimes ouerthrewe
Aubegnius Captayne of the French in Calabria) and in the hands of the Viceroy himgclfe
of the kingdome of Galisia, the rest of the Captaines did homage to the chiefe Commander,
and the" soldiers, and officers to the Captaynes: homage being doone on both sides with
solemne pompe, hee first receiucd the kings sacred ciisigne with great applause : so these
stayed, and they departed, the prosperous East winds bloiving in the pup, or sterne. They
promise from the fortunate Ilandes, called the Canaries where their way lieth to the Smith,
to write backe to our Senate whereon they depcnde, for Caesar so commaunded. The Admiralj
iL^tuZ df '^^ *''« fleete, the Admirall himselfe comm'andcth : the Vice-Admirall, Johannes Scbastianus de
CinoVice-id- Cano, who brought the ship called the Victory laden with Clones, and left her companion
"'""• that remained, behindc, because she was very much bruised, and shaken, Petrus Vera goeth

c^^ie^fUi. Captaine of the thirde ship, of the 4. Don Rodericus de Alcunna nobly descended, both
Eto"''H«i • •'^cse, haue bin Admirallcs of many warlike flcctes, and famous for their worthie attempt,
of Iii« founh!!' both nobly borne, of the fift Don Georgius Mauricus, brother of the Duke of Naiara, who
Don Gtoigiui bciug yonccr, and of Icsse experience, although more nobly borne, yet with a cnntenicd
u)ncufihe«ri. mmde indured any inferior place, for he thought it good reason to yeelde to them that hndde
Ho.t.at'or. bcftcr expcHence. A certayne Cordubensian noblemanne surnamed Hozes commaundeth
^"^7he!i«. ^^^ *'x' shippe, and another noble gentlemanne comniandeth the last small Patac. One
nther thing of no small moment remaineth (worth the hearing) before we leaue this fleete.
Wee are therefore to declare what cause moued Caesar, and vs his Senate, that this aroniaticall
negotiation or marchandise shoulde bee exercised in the Clunian hauen of Galisia, to the
great discontentment and griefe of that famous citie of Siuill, where, all the allayres of India
haue hitherto beene doone. That hauen of Galisia (besides the securitic of the shyppcs
which are to bee harbored there) is situate on that side of Spaine, whiche by a shorte and
direct course Iveth towardc the greater Britaine ; and is next to the boundes of France, and
is more fitfe for the Northerne marchants that seeke Spices. Nor are two fearefiill dangers
to Sea-faring menne, to bee omitted heerc, which by this inuention are auoyded. That
tfwtf"°Thc" O*"^"" ''<^'''> whiche lyeth in the middle beetweene this hauen, and the mouth of Betis, through
Mucn oi <;jii. which they goe to Siuill, is so tempestuous, that small stormes or gusles of the Westerne
mou'i'h rfBeiii. w'"<Jp» eyther swallowe, or tossing the shippes taken on that roxst of the Promontory of
Cape Sacer, or ncere vnto it, dash them agaynst the fretted, and craggie cliflTes, more
cruelly, then is reported of the rockes of deuouring Sylla, and the gulfes of Charibdis. The
other danger is, in the sallies, and assaultes of Pyrates : on those coastes beetweene the rough
Mounfaynes lye manic desert valleyes, whiche suffer no resorfe of people by reason of their
Tiifiuikms banennesse, here are the lurking places of Pyrates, who rcceiuing notice by their owne
pijctf oi priiM. j^j.jj jy^^j^ ji^p jjjgjj Y^.stch towers on the top of the Mounlaynes, assaile the shippes as they
passe by : and for these causes it was decrcede, that that negotiation or trafficke should bee
cxcrcise<l there. That fleete is to goe the same way that Fernandus Magaglianus the Por-
tugal! did, passing along all that coast, whiche the Philosophers calleil Torrida Zona, who
went to the Antarticke beyonde the lyne of Capricorne, whiche way another fleete is to goe
vndcr the conduct of Sebastian Cabot an Italian, of both which, I haue spoken in the com-
passing of the world to Pope Adrian, and in the precedent Decade to the Duke. Two other
fleetes also are prepared in the channcll of the riuer Retis to goe to Hispaniola, and the rest
of the Ilandes, of S. John, to Cuba, called Fernandina, & my Priory of lamaica, hy a new
name called the Island of S. lames, & from thence they shalbe diuided to the siiiiposed
Continent, & new Spaine conquered by Fernando Cortes, of the largnes, and riches
whereof, we promised a iitle before, that we would somttimes speake. So now tlie concnurse
(if fleets floting vpon the wanes of the Ocean, goinj; and returning to the new worlds are
no lesxe, then the resorte of marchants from the borders of Italy to the T.ugdunensian laires,
or from France, and Germany, to the Belgickc Aniucrpians. I could wish (most holy father)

Irum

taint

Why th« trjf.
ficke of Spicct
is tirrciscd in
the Clun an
hauen and not
in SiuiU.

The course of
the itnt.

Two other
flrrtet in the
iHicr Brtii pre*
pared for His*
f ariiula.

The frequent
iraftwite to the
Iridiri ill this
Auttiuii lytnc
It notable.

"he eight Decade.

The eight Decade. THAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 469

from some secret chinke of your priuy chamber to behold, what ioy will then brcake forth tf«m''«i'raL"
from your sacred brest into your countenance the first proclaimer of secrets, when your
Holinesse shall readc such, and so great thinges ol new worlds hitherto vnknowne, spiri-
tually giucn vnto the Church of Christ his Spouse, as it were nuptial! lewels, & that nature
through the diuine goodnes is not satisfied in giuing liberally : but if any other countryes
are yet vnknown, they prepare theselucs to be subiectcd to your Holines. & Caesars com-
mand. Now, let your Holines bee contented with this first tast of a feast, to whom I wish
many happie yeers. From the city of Toledo the Carpentane, and Caesars Court, the 13.
of theCalendes of Nouember in the yeere 1525.

The tenth Chapter.

THis our pregnat Ocean, hourely sendeth forth new broods, and this noble, & renowned
messenger from your Holines, Baltasnr Caslillion, a man famous for a! vertues, & graces,
when he saw these 2. Decads to the Duke, & Pope boiid vp together, earnestly i" reatcd,
that I would send them by him vnto your Holines, I said, I was well contt'tet ; but
behold, he fell grieuously sicke, so that he could not as he desired, followe his aflfuires,
although many thinges dayly came to light, and therefore at that time he sent no mes-
senger away, to whom hee could commit the great and weightie actions of your Holines,
together with our books, least they might haue perished. Through this delay it commeth
to passe, that we may adde a few thinges, by way of aduantage, or ouerplus. We haue ^'d'tlSf',
had 3. ships from the countries of the new worlde, one called a Carauell from newofonefiom
Spaine subiect to the Goucrnment of Fernandus Cortes oftc named : what she brought, are ^°""'
miserable things to be spoken, and those not a few, but we must begin with f letters in
those 2. ships, meiioned before, to the intent these things, & the rest may more plainly be
understood. There are 2. sorts of letters, one commo, the other particular : in the great J''i^,{',7J[°" "^
common volume, subscribed with the hands of Cortes, and the magistrates, the Auditor, Trea-
surer, Si. Factor, there is a large discourse concerning the nature of the countryes, of those
thinges which arc sent to Cxsar, of the scarcitie of shippes in those coasts (in excuse that
they bring but small sums of gold, & lewels) and of their great costs, & charges, in which
narration Cones saith he is poore, and greatly indebted : of the ships made by him on the
South shore, wherewith he sayd he would attempt the neerest part to the Equinoctiall line
scarce 12. degrees of the pole, because he vnderstood by the people of those shores, y the
Iliids ingedring Spices, gold, & precious stons were bordering neere vnto the : f discourse is
lug, & the cuplaints grieuous, for ^ he heard 5' ships were burnt with al their furniture,
& prouisio, because he could not prosecute the attept he had vndcrtaken by reason of the
fury of the aduersaries, yet promiseth, J he will recouer, and recompense this losse, so the
disturbers cease : of diuers, and many mines of gold, & siluer lately discouered, &
cucerning those things which want new remedies, & of 63. thousand Pensa of gold taken
out of I Treasury, contrary to ^ assent of the magistrates, vnder the shew & colour of a
lone, for the leauying of a new army, and of Cnptaines appointed to goe seiierall wayes, secret !«(«»
to subdue diuers countries, & of many things besides. But particular, and secret letters f""" Aihomo-
are sent only from the Auditor Albornozius ^ kings Secretary vnder vnknown cararters, '„!''"**"'''
called vsually ciphers, assigned to Albornozius at his departure because at that time wre
were suspitious of J' mind of Cortes. These were framed against ^ subtile craft, greedy
couetousnes, & almost apparet tyranny of Cortes, but whether truly, or (as it ofte falleth
out) to procure fauour, time will heereafter discouer, for certaine graue men are chosen to
be sent to inquire, of these things, now when these hidden things shall be manifest, they
shalbe signified to your Holinesse, but let them pxsse, & let vs returne to the discourse of
Cortes. Vpon the disobcdiece of Christopherus Olitus of whom large mention is made J^' «<i'"'"h ■<>
before, Cortes was in such a rage, that he seemed not to desire life, if Olitus were not pu- cf»d"vilh the"'
nished, for he often shewed apparant tokens of the perturbation of his minde, by the vehe- Jif^,l^,oT" "^
menf swelling of t veincs of his throate & nostrils through extreame anger, nor did hee oiitui"
abstaine from worues signifying the same. Olitus was now distant from him 60(). leagues and
more vnto the East, from the salt lake of Tenustitan, and he was to goc vnto him by wayes

which

,i:'

■ ti

Kill ]

1 1

' i'i

i)ii

iff

iir

<!' 1 M I) :,

i )■

470

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The eight Decadr.

Olitui ifnrcd in
the Uny I'lgjc-

Corlr« ItuiHli
forcci ajaiiltl
Oliluk

Cirtf! roiitrary
10 hi< n.llh
jortll Jgjillit

■J Ik I'.mtr .V
trtn r iif Coite»
in l.-s much.

I'tlrm Aluari-
Jui sent ti» the
S utii ctujtts.
(m. luiiu t<>-
w.if Jfi the
N. I'.h ID scekc
O.itus.

I % L'.uai !ri t
\y -fi to lake

/'. '.iiif of UlC
jr. .Iiii I'l lae
ii;i- .V other
pic^tltts tent
thertuith from
C'i'rtes anil
uthcis.

j. Jhij'.

which had no passap;o in many places, Thi;* Olifus had seated K\m selfe in the Bay callcj
Figiiera*, lony; since fDiind, v|>6 hope of discmicrinj; the straight so much desired, whore
three otiier Captaiiies also arriuinj; cosumed one Tioiiier with miituall coflicts, ol' whose vn-
happy actions wee shall hecreal'ter spe;ike, but let vs not leaiie Cortes. Cortes leiiieih forces
the kings niajristrats scein<; that assayle him first with mild and quiet speaches, exhi riin<' £(
admonishing; him, not to vndertake such a matter wherein many danj>crs offer thiseluts
seeinj; he w.is to (i^ht with our owne menu, it tiiat he would not be ^ cause of so j;rc;it a
8laii!;htcr of y Christi.iiis, ntr put the principall poynt of the whole matter in so jircai a
danger : for (they sayd) they sawe y preset deslruclion of ail that remained, if he leli tlm
country of Tenuslitaii l_lhe head of the kini;domes) destitute of soldiers, bein;» l)ut I itily
subdued, and yet mouniii)<; & lamentin<; fi r the slau;;hter of their auncieiit kinijcs, and
destruction of their hou«hold gods, kindred, and fricndes. And if he himselfe, wliicli is
more, shouKl ilepar>, whose name tiu-y confessed was fearcfull to all those natitjs behold
wha' fullowes, if any inisfortue happen ( which (iod forbid ) would not all conic to nnnn J
Tliey save, Cjes.ir would prouidc for the chastisement of Oiitus, & that Olitus should sufltr
punishment for his I'.rror. These, and many things besides, they nlledged, but all in vaine;
and after iiiaf, in Ca-sars name and their owne they manifestly denounce a;;aine, y he for-
sake his pnrpr-c. The he j)romised with an oath y he would not goc vnio Olitus, but to
siibihie ccrl;iine rebellious kiiigcs &: y not farr of: yet he perfonneth not promise, but
goeth a luii; iourney to llic Fast, where (incen-cd with fury against Olitus) in sonu- places
he 11 jht \ pun huge lakes on the sea coast, maryshes of the \alieyes in another place, aii,|
rough mouiiiaynes elsewhere, whether soeuer he went, he i ommaiulelh briilges to be ijiijlt
by (he handi's of the inliabifantes, maryshes to be made drie, and mnuiitaines ouerthnnvn :
none diir^t refuse to execute his commande, fi r he de>tn>yeil all with (ire, iS: swonlc, that
went about to doe the contrary, so whatsoeuer impeilimeiits bee melt with, were made passa-
ble, so great a terror was he to all the inhabitants, after the coiupiering of so great a kiii»
as Muteczuma was, and the taking of that Knipire, that ihcy tiiought this man coulde om-r-
throw hcauen, if he had s^> determined, llee carved with liiin store of munition, aiul horses,
an vnknowne kiiul of (ight to those nations: ami the bordering neighbour:* (sonitimcs
enemies) gaue him avde, through whose dominions and kingdomes bee marched. On the
other part, he sfiit IVtrus Aliiaradiis before, towarde the South coast, and towarde tlic
Nort' :)ne (iodoius, captaines bv laiiile, from whom Cortes receiued litters, and we alsn,
cone ing great, and large new countries, and warlike pciple, and citlies in some plarcs
standing \pon lakes, and montanous, and champion countries in another: of which tliin;,'s,
the father of Cortes who is with vs, hath deliuered the volume sent fmni him, to the I'riiiirrs
to bee published in his countrev language, and it wamlereih from stall to stall in the sliciii's.
J5ut by sea, with three great shippcsand many noble men, bee sent another C.i|>taine iiainid
I'ranc isf us de las Casas, whom I mentioned a little before, & id' whom I shal spcake inon.'
herc.ilUT, although in a pr.-rposterous tinier, the successe of thingcs so requiring. To thi^
sea Captjinc hee gaue in charge, that if it were possible, he shoulile take Olitus, as he had
him whereof we spake in his place. These two ships left the adaires of 'I'enustitaii in this
state, nowe being long since aryued with seuenty thousandc I'cnsa of golde, and iwoTyjirrs,
wherof one, through the shaking, and wtirking of the ship, ilied at Siuill, tlie other we lui c
here made tame, and gentle, but a yoiig whelpe. The Culuering also iiuuh blown aliroa.l
tiirough the mouths of men may here coinmoly l)e seen, which in truth li:itli not so niiidi
gold in it, as fame reported, yet it is worth the beholding. And all such as ai(oin|)anie(l
that most reuerent Legate of vour Ilolines, haue scene the ornaments, & warlike iiisirii-
ments framed and fashioned with much gold, and precious stones, and lewelles conipi)-ed
with wonderfull art, presents partly directed from Cortes, and partly from other (jnucrnors id'
those couirics : all which they wil hereafter by word of mouth recofil vntn your Ilolines,
Concerning the relation of the '.i. ships I haue sulfu ietly spoken. Now let \s come to the
Carauell, which oncly of her 7. consorts escaped by (light out of the haucn of Medellinum,
the Scale of New Spainc. But let vs declare why Curtcs determined to call that place of

harbour

'I »

Vie eight Decade.

The f /«•//< Decode.

TllAFriQUES, AND DiscourniRs.

471

nqiiiriii;;. To tlii'*

harbour by tlii-i name. Nfrdelliniim is a ramoin lownc in Castcclc, whore Tories was ''"■'">"•."' f
l)orne, hailing tlu-rcrorc chosen it to be the Mart towne i>(' all those countries, hereupon "lu;,','"!'' "'''
hec wil haiin that jilacc rallni Mcdellinum by the name of the towne where i»o was
borne, nor is it Kainsayd. He also gaue the name to New Spaine, anil desired to hauc it
confirmed bv C'le^nr. In that haiien there were 7. marrhants ships, shortly ready to retiinic
into Spaine, haniii;^ vnladen their marcliridiscs. In the mean time, there arose a sclition Ajtd'tion
between the kings oflicers, who thoiiglit it better that those sums of gold and precious ^''■'•s'^'iiii! ' n
stones gathered together should be sent with those slups vnto Cassar (whose necesMitic by NU'iaimuii.
reason of imminent wars \vas great) such an occasion of ships ottering it selfe, as seldomc
happcneth. For two hundred thousand I'ensa of gold, had bin long since promised vnto
Ciesar bv bhannes Kibera, Cortes his Secretary, sc) that ships might lie so set lit to carry
them. The rest of their fellow ofTiccrx, \- associates withstoode this opinion, vrging, tiiey
were to expe( t Cortes their (Jouernour, iV woulde sufler no innouation in his absence, so
that in the ende they came to armcs. My chaunce I'ranciscus de las Casas Cortes his sea
Captaine, sodainiy came vnlookeil for, who being proud that Olitus was slaine, took part
with tlie C irieiians again«*t the Kingcs ofliccrs, & they say the Auditor Albornozius AiMmnzi..-
Iiauiiig liis h('r«e slaine, was himxelfe wounded, and cast in |)rison. The Conquerers runne (^""'in'priwn.
to tlic she re, apprehendc the factor of the 7. ships and taking all their sailes, tiagges, and
yardcH a s'.iore, that they could not «Iepart, they vnladc the ships. Tlie maister of this
iCarauell arriued, much moued & vexed through so great an ouerthrow, hauing gotten some
fit occasion retiirneth to his ship: who also being bereft & spovled of his sayles, & ^
rest of the furniture of his ship, attepted an enterprise worthy comedation. He had
cast certaine olde, and halfe tome sayles in a secret place, as past seruice, and vnpro-
tifal)Ie, and of the tottered rags of them together with a fewe canes or ells of new clotii, he The miivr ..f
made a patched savie of diners peeces. Then weighing anchor (without saluting them who 'J"' "^'l '* ' j
exercised this tyranny) hec spreiid his sayles, & by the hclpe of the ijrosperous westerne hil u'tttrtd
windes, was brought hither with a more speedy course, then euer happened to anv ship, ">'"•
comming from those furthest |)artes of the Ocean. The masters of tiiis ship brought neither
letters, nor message from any man lining, yet the speeches of the mariners thereof were so
cfjposed and well ordered, that credite was giuen to their report. Concerning Cortes, these Nr«tsrf( .ntcii
pilots say it is gathered by coniecturc that he w.is slaine with all his coniiianv bv the ^'"'"''m' ','',"
inhabitaunles, (through whose dominions hee determined obstiiiatly to trauavle) after this
maner. lie left many captains behind, with ciimm.idcnient to follow when thcv were ready,
who following his steps, founile the bridi;es broken, and all the waycs cut of beiiind, A: a
certain wandring rumor went, that the bones of men, and horses were scene among cerlainc
niarish weedes of the sea coast, ingendred in the nioystened earth through the vii>liMit
motion of tepesics, iSc nuerflowiiigs, i*^- among the braks, «.\: bushes tlicrabouts. These
things thisCaraucll which fled, reported < ucciiiing Cortes, & the kings inraged magistrates.
Now loncerning those 4. Captaines greedily gaping after the searching of the desired
straight with breathlesse spirit, these mariners say they heard this. Hut this matter is a litle
further to bee repeated. If your IIoline«se remember (most blessed father) after the death
(if Pope Adrian, that reuent manne, Antonius Tamaroiuis the Lawyer, dcliuered your
lidlinesse a booke in my name, which beginneih (Before that) who wrote vn*" me that it On? i.f iiu.
pleased you wel : in that discourse, there is speech of a noble man, one /lig , i-.s Gonsalus ^"'"'"'
Alnilensis (commonly called (Jilgonzalez de Auila) after what manner he founc-'^ i chanell
of fresh water so great, that he called y lake the sea of fresh waters, iV of tj banks thereof
renowned for the frcquet babitatiO of people of the great abudance of raine that comes
j)owring down, of the ceremonies, customes, and sacred rites of those nations, of the nientie
(if ijolde, and first of the beginning of peace, and quiet traflicke, then of warre, and grieuous
cunfiicts with the kingcs Nicoragua, and Diriangen, and of his returne to Ilispaniola, from
whence hauingc procured an army of menn and horses we sayd, hee would goe to the Bay
ralU'd rigueras, which seemeth to deuide the coasts of the supposed Continent, as the Thf xdur it
.\ilr;atickGulfe diuideth Italy fro lllyricuin, &i the rest of Graecia, into which Bay he thought ^""^°"

some

1 ■.

A-i

■ ^

i '•

W ■■■' !••■ '

rpfi

4:s

VOYAGES, NAUTGATfONS,

The tight Decadt.

Iiiiiy ill y
H im-
ij|iia.

Jj^''™"'Jj^'^''«- »ome nniilRablc riiicr fell, that cininck* vp that hu^c vastity of waters, »" J riuer Ticiniw
!k!i«iJ."""'' Riicketh in the lake Vrrlianus, & MinriiH the luke BenacuM «if which thinges), St examples we
haue there HuflSciently spoakc. Hut why j' Bay ho much npoaken of in the mouihes of men
TheBjTof nhuuld be HO railed, it it not to be omitted. They My, that the name orFiguenM was^itirn
eXi" "'''' " •' by the first fmdeR*, because vpon that coast they found whole wooden of cerlaine ircM
very common with leauc!* much like vnto fipj; trees, alihou|{h vnlike in body, these arc
solid but fiirg trees consist of a pithy kiiide of wn(Hl, or substance, and seeing in the Spanijth
tongue they call the ligg trees Figuera*, tlicy call ihcm Figueras by a name somewhat rnr.
rupled: of the bodyes, and longer boughes whereof the inhabitants make turn-d vessrll^
fit for the ornament of cubbnrdes and the seruicc of tables, ^ is to say, dishes, basoiw,'
platters, cuppes, & poiiingers & other «)f the same sort fit for ^ vse of man, very fajrly
jEiidi»i oon- wrnnglit. .'Kgiiliiis (Jonsalus or Oilgozales hnuing trauniled by lad through the angle of the
imo'ihtu',"?'' B'V to the hike discouered by him, and not fiiidinge where the waters issued foorth, io ih^
kingdome of the king Nicor.igua, Irft Cricnil, by him, as hee saith, he founde a Captaine nf
"^ 77l'ti ' '^'" ''•'"'""' Arias Gourrnour of (lolden Castcclc, called Franriscus Fernandez, to haue pos,se<isf(l
"ly'ti'iif. that kingdome, tS: to haue erected a Colony there l>ut what happened thereon, I wil corlude
of Nico. j„ ^ short Epitome. Behold they first grewe to woords, then came to conference, and la^tl*
to handy sirockes : (Jilgonzalez obiecteth that violence was offered him, complayninge that
his discouery w.m disturbed, and these mariners say they fought thrice, in which (.cdiiinu
eight men were slaine, many wounded and thirty horseti perished. So impatient arc the
•Spaniards of society, that whether soeuer they goc, they kilt, & destroy one aother. These
^fii). Oon.iifi mariners say y -^^gidius Gonsalus tooke two hiidretl thousiid Ponsa of gold (though not very
fi'niV Fi').'^^"" P'""^ ) ^'^"^ Franciscus Fernandez. And I'etnis Arias ff CJouernour (fro \% horn we haue
nandri. rccciued a great p:»cket of letters from the supposed Coniinent) gfeiuously coplayniiiire

!f°°iT '"'"'" "^ il'gidius Gonsnius, writeth that he had taken an hundred and thirty thousand IVnsa
cioniiii»f/um' fr'>m his Captaine. The^e Pensa they had gathered amonge the bordering kinges, wheeher
feriundtf. against their will, or willingly by way of bnrteringe or ex«hange of our coufry cumoditic*,
it is not our purpose now to dispute : this being but a smale matter, Hi a greater j)eece of
worke remaineih yet behind. These things thus falling out by the way, through the vnqnifi
r.ouiutiMihio i^if restlesse disposition of ^ .Spaniardes, ^Igidius Gonsalns cometh to Christophcrus Olitui
(•k(n. s*t by Cortes, who also had erected a Colony a little further on the same shoare, which he

A Colony Called by the name of the Triumph of the Holy Crosse, (whom Olitus tooke) & he called
oMfdihf Ti'i'."' •''* place so because after diners shippwracks, which himselfe reporteth in a long discourse,
umph of ihf hauing escaped thellicr fro the furv of mighty, & boysterous windes, he landed there, nn 5
day which the church of Home solemniseih for the victory of Herodius the Romane Kmpe-
rour against ^ Persians. But your liolines shal heare a ridicuhnis gnmc, or pasrime in {
Fr.miin.. df Iji (ablc of fopfurie: j^ fourth Captaine Franciscus de las Casas sent from Cortes against Oliiii«,
came siiddrly vpo him, Olitus goeih fo«Tth vnto his associate &■ fellow «>niccr (a liiile
before) vnder the comaund of Cortes: they fight at Sea, Sc through ^ violece of j- great
ordinace, Fraciscus hauing sholt one of 5 r-hips of Olitus through, sunke her, together with
the men, k after betooke him to the mayne Ocean, & Olitus went to the sh«are, &
landed. That Bay is subiect to may tempestuous siormes, bv reason it is exposed lo the
furious blasfcs of t" North and is straightened, or inclosed for a long space bclwccne ?■ sides
of high mountaines, therefore a few dayes after being violently carrycd away ihroii);h y
fury of the windos, & for the mo*t part hauing li>st his men, horses, & shippes, FrancJMcim
Franc Kcuitiinn was lorciblv driuen into the dominiu, & power of Olitus, being a m«>st cruell enemy of
by oiituj. Olitus, so Olitus tooke him. Behold two Captaines of greater woorth, then he himselfe
who looke them. Olitus shutt vp his guests at home not well conientecl, but as a pray for
his owne destruction. They both agree to kill their hoste, and seduce the seruants of Olitus
least (atiemptinge the matter) they should riinne to hcipe 5' trayior Olitus, who innoccilv
drew the into siKpilio of treason. Vpon n night siiiinge downe of purpose with their nnble
host, in steed of a shot, or reckoing for the supper he gaue the taking the kniues which
were there for scruice of ^ table, they set vpu their vnpleasing host (for the seruants after

their

holy CrutK.

luddrly tpun
Uliiui.

A *Hip[ir of
Olltiu lunkc.

ne tight Dtead*.

Tlu eight Decade.

TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

473

jheir master had niipped, were aWnt earnestly buisied at their owne supper) and wniinde oiitm woundtj

Olitiw with muy Ntroakes, yet kill him not: so ''at Olitus fled, & coniicighed himHclle to '"'"'"'•

crrtaine cottages of the inhabitants, which he knewe. Whereupon proclamation wm made

by the common cryer* that hee shnuldc bee slaine, whosoeuer shuld support, or dcrcnil the oiimi h.ir»yf<i

iraytor Olitus, or knowing where he lay hid, woulde not declare it, a reward is proposed to J,V.n'Mrd"ii«r«'€!

the party that should diNcoiicr and make it known : by this meanen hee is betrayed by hi<

owne menu, and a libell of treason bcingc framed against him, by publique proclamation of

the cryer, hee was slaine. Thii was the endc of Olitus, vnto the which, if I bee not de-

ceiued, the rest of his fellow ofliccr!*, shalbee brought yer it bee longe. But your Holinessc

shall heare another horrible and sham« T.;?' '<ct, ridiculous in the playing table of fortune; Friciicuirr.

Francisciis de Ins Casas nnolhrr Sea Captaine Olitus being slaine, is sayd forcibly to haue JTmiwiIi'icViirm.

brought his bold companyon (iDnsnliiM, though not comparible in armes, vnto the citty of toTeiiumun.

Trnustilan, suppnsingr it would he an .icrrptablc prcNent vnto Cortes. Behold the madnes

(if these four (."aplaincH in the Ray of Finneras, desirous to tast bitter delicates, who through

ambition, and auarite oucrihrew themsrlue^, and many kingdomes, which peaceably would

h;iue obeyed Cacsnr. There arc some who say they saw il'Igidius CJonsaltis in the power of

Franciscus de las Cnsas, in the fitly of Tenuntitan, others deny it : so that these muttcringe

speeches cocerning (lonsalus are vnrertainly reported. After my booke of two Decades con- p

eluded, & sowed together, we twice rcceiued shipps from the Senators of Ilispaniola,

fowcr at one time, and seuen at another, but none from Nona Hispania saue only this

which escaped by flight : th.ii gnal packet of letters sent from I'elrus Arias Gouernouref {^^''f'j^J^'J'^j'^

Cioldcn Cawteele, we read in llie Senate: the sense & substance of the principall points ArriaiOuun-

whereof an* conccrnirrg his owne actios, wherein many things are spoaken of the hard & "J,,"^*^''''''"

ditlirult labours, & ir.iuaili-s of his fellow soldiers, He his owne, of the next future departure

of the kingcs Treasurer of tho-te parts, with a summe of gold whereof he setteth downe no

number, of a voy:ig • bi-gunn which being performed, both Seas shalbc traded by an easie

passage, and wee may haue the Hands vnder the Equinoctiall familiar, because J distace from ^

hauen railed Nomen Dei, is |(i. leagues only, or litlc more, from the Colony of Panama, and

lh.it well harlx ured, six degrees only, and an halfe distant from the i^Hquinoctinll, where the

(liHerenie of day, and nii;lit, \* scarce discerned the whole yeerc. Conrerningc the prero-

patiues of ihcsc coasts I liauc suniciently spoakc in my former Decades. In another clause

hee accuselh .ilgiiliiw (Jonsaius lor violence oflered to his Captaine Franciscus Fernandez,

and commendeili him fur his modrsiy, & temperance, but other* thiiike otiierwise. Wee

shall sometimes heereafierhcare the complaints of the other partv, & then shall weiudge what

is to be done : the manner of the discourse is long and the circumstances tedious, which I

neither will, nor yet am able to comprehend, nor arc they necessary for vour Holincssc to

know, yet Fefrus Ari.is humbly intre:itcth onethinge, that now at length through Ciusars fiuour Pctm. Ar...

hee may be licensed to rclurne to his wife, and children, because hee now pcrceiucth himselle 'i«"«'' "• "-

turnc lioinf.

10 be wasted, and consumed with old age and a thousande diseases besides : and so it is de-

irecd, for he is called home and a certaine Noble man a knight of Corduba named Pofrus Uios Vt<n<- Ki<«

is placed in his rooine, hr is now with vs, and preparetli himselfe for his departure. In our yij,™'.'" '"''

Inrnier Decades, where we discoursed concerning the vnfortunate successe of Franciscus

(i;ir;iius, of J' commingc of Olilus to Cuba, fro whence he prepared to passe ouer to Figucras,

ol.liyidiusCionsalus, I'i: his preparation to the same place, and of the imaginations, and devises

ct Pctrus Arias, to that matter wee haue also sayd, that no other thingc could be prouided by

1 iir Senate, saue to giue absolute power to the Senate of Ilispaniola, and to comand that they

hiing neerer would endeu( iir, j- their meetinges miuht not procure any damage, or hurt.

whieh wee greatly feared. And for that buisines they haue speedily appointed an approoued

inann called Baccalarius .Morenus procurator orsolieitcr of the Exchequer amonge them, who Bic.MUiwiNto-

hath receiucd C;rsars letters and ours, lie came to late for it was alreatly done, he foud all H,"'KuiicqJ."'

things cofused : & the rel.itio of this good man dilfereth title from tluit which wc haue de- oi ii.sijau.u

dared. So by reason of their disagreeing mindcs, may notable things worth y ktiowing are

VOL. T.

inter-

I i

'■]

V ,

n '

474

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS,

J/ie tight Decttdi.
inlomipird & cut or. FratuiNciiN Fernadcc being long cOiienMt 4r thii Mnrenun of ( Exch

A Htsmnj 0/ qucr nailh j^ in the bonlcring rofitry

freih wiirri
iwert ihr Uftl

lib*.

of ♦ great lake he light vpon a rorrem ful of fre,!,
Nifim fallfth downe frO ^ high moutainea of /Uthioni.

watep) Hilling into the Baye, aM we know ~ - - ~ ..» ^ ...g, »».....» »< /smioni

into /Cgypt, that thereby ;1Cgypt being watered, it might be powred out into our aea :jf
that be true, which a* yet iH vncertaine, it ahall be in vainc to aeeke that which i'Egidiut Gon.
•alut hath long conitidered in hia minde, concerning a great nauigable riuer whiche drinktiK
vppe thoae waten, compaitaed about with people. But concerning the miarurtune, and vnj.
nernall Niaughter of Cortcti, and hia roiDpianiona commonly diuul)(ed, thia Morenua of (|,j
Kxchequcr returning, reporied hee hrarde nothing thereof in thouc (-nunlriea, berauu iho^j
roaxta are more then 5(l(). Icanuca dintnunt from the Prouincr of Tenunliian. but aayeth, thjt
while he lay at anchor in the haiien of rjl)aiia, the Mart towne of Cuba, Diecua Ordjmu,
Th.dnubiMi one of Cortea hia Captaynea ( a diacret man ) arryucd there, who aoyd, hee came ihiihrr to
hTd.'.I'h.'"'"" inquire whifhcr they hranie any thing of Cortea, of whoae life they greatly doubted in Te.
nuaiitan the heade ritie of the kingdomea, and more fhcn fhia, ihey knowe nothing, pur
Ludmiicui Poo- cure of thia ao greate a blemiah, a manne nobly deacended, one Ludouicua Pontiua a Lawyr.
r'rwTi'iunui. of Lyona, of fhia rountrey of ('ar|ientann, whereof thia ciitie Toletum ia the headc (whirf
liuii. wee nowe remaync with C««iar) beeing chiefc luatire of the citic a long time, ia choaen to

"""""""""■ bee aent, becauae he exercise*! hia niagiatracy moat vprightly, and wi»cTy : hee ia a mo<if,|
manne, and of a noble ditpoaition, through whoae prouidence we hope it will come to paur
that that ahippe of Cs^ara floting for the liappie and goMi fortune of Caeaar, ahall br brnii»|||
vnio the calme, and quirt l<aucn. Ilec bringeih thia chargf with him, to intreate Cortn
with a thouaand fay re inliring apeerhca (if hee finde him aline) to drnwe him to true nh*;.
dience, from the which, hee ncuer yet openly departed, for the name of Cv^ar the king ii
alwayea reuerent in hia mnuth, and letteni : but aerrelly, aa hath beene largely apoken, wee
auapect I knowe not what, both by roniecltirea. and the accuaationa of manie, hee alwaye« de.
aired with a proude and haui>htic mynde to hee graced with new prarrogntiuea, and dij;nitif«
and hath long aincc obtained the titlea of (iouernour, and Allantado of thoae large couiiirir<i
included vnder the name of Newc Spayne. Ilee lately alao deaired the badge or cognisanrc
of Saint lacobua Spatenaia whiche thia I'onliua hringrth with him, to bee giuen vnto him, who
ahortly ia todeparte, beeing alreadiediamiaaed liy Ciraar, and ahall goe hence with a flcctcdr
two and twenty ahippea. But if he finde that Curtca ia gone vnto hia auncestera, he ia lo do
otherwi'<e. None of the other will preaume to aduance their plumea, ao he finde th«> suit
of the inhabitanta to atand cleere fn^m defection and reuolt, all thinga will proaperoaly hur-
cecti, and be subiected to the happy feete of your Holineaae. In that great citly of ihr lal^r,
which now reaumeth the face & reacmblance of a citty, repayred by the buildinge of liin'
thouaand houae4, there are aeuen and thirty churchea erected, wherein the inhabitanta initr.
mixed with the Spaniarda moat deuoutly apply themaeluea to the Chriatian religion, reject-
inge the olde ceremonies, and sacrificing of mana bloud, which they now abhorr. And that
fruitefull graine wil infinitly increaae through ihoac H. slippered, Franciacan Friara, instruct-
ing the inh.ibitant4 with appoetolicall feruency, if the weditiona of our men doe not withstand
it. I haue aufficiently inaiated in these thinga : now I come to Stephanua (iomrz, who as I
haiic already aayd in the ende of that booke preaentcd to your Ilolinease beginninge (Refnre
that) waa aent with one Carauell to aeeke another Straight belweene the lAd of Florida, and
the Hachalaos aufliciently known, and frequented. He neither (indinge the Straight, nnrGa.
taia which hr promised, returned backe within tenn mcmethea after hia departure. I alwnvcii
tn<)U;;ht, and preauppoaed thia good mana Imaginations were vayne, and friuoloiia. Yrt
wonted he no •iiifTragca, & voycea in his fatiour, & defence. Notwithstanding, he found
pleasjnt, & profitable countriea, agreeable with our Parallels, and degrees of the Pole. Li-
centiatua Aiglionus alao a Senator in liispaniola by hia freindea, & familiars traiiailcd .Iv:
naxaed the same atrange ahores to ^ North of liispaniola, Cuba, & the lucaian llanda necre
y Bachal.ios, and the countryes of Chicora, and Duraba, whereof I speake at large beforr.
Where, after the declaration of the rites, and customea of the nations, and the descriptionH
of notable hauena and great riuera, grouca of Holme, Oake, and Oliues, and wild vints

curry

Thf ordfr t>f fl.
Lit htii 6|itrn-
iit irril tw
C'ulltl.

,17. cliUKhti

rrritril in 'If*

niutiian.

.Sfrpbanui Go-
mti irturiKd.

A rfpfiiiiuii of

l.lcrliliatMS Arf

linnuv hit ira-

The ttght Dtcadt.

.1,

iciiH PonliiH a Lawv

The eight Decade.

TRAFnaUES. AND DISCOUEWES.

475

fucry where aprcMlinge in the woocb, they ley, they Tounde aUo other tree* of our rntjii-
Irey and that lurely itot in a ahort Epitome, but conauming and apending great hundlm or
paper therein. But what need haue we of theae thinga which are common with all the pen*
pie of Europe t to the South, to the South, for the great St exceeding richea of the iEqui- ^," j^';'^,;'''
nocliall, tliey that aeeke richea muat not goe vntn the cold, and froaen North. In ihia aduen- " '
ture your Holineaae ahall heare a pleaaant conceited pufle of winde ariainge, able to procure a pUiumcA-
laughter. Thia Stephanua Gomez hauing attained none of thoae thingea which hee thought "''*'
he ihoutd haue found, leaat hee ahould returne emptv, contrar]r to the lawea lett downe bv
VI, that no man ahould oflfer violence to any nation, fraighted hia ahipp with people of both
ler.ea, taken from certaine innocent halfr naked nationa, who contented themieluea with cot«
tagca in ateede of houaea. And when hee came into the hauen of Clunia, from whence he
let layie, a certaine man hearing of the arriuall of hia ahippe, and that hee hadd brought
EaclauoN that in to aay alauea, aeekinge no further, came poatinge vnto va, with oaniinffe
and breathlea apirit nayinge, that Stephanua Gomei bringeth hia ahippe laden with clouea
and precioiia atonea : and thought thereby to haue receiued aome rich preaent, or reward.
They who fauourcd the matter, attenliue to thia manna fooliah and idle report, wearied the
whole Court with exceedinge great applauae, cuttinge of the worde by Apliaereaia, pro-
clayminge, that for Eaclauoa. hee hadd brought Clauoa ( for the Spanish tongue calleth alauea,
Eaclauoa, and clouea Clauoa) but after the Court vnderatoode that the tale waa tranafurmcd
from Clouea to alauea, they brake foorth into a great laughter, to the ahame and blushinge
of the fauoren who ahouted for ioy. If they hadd learned that the influence of the heauena
could bee noe where infused into terreatriall mattera prepared to receiue that aromaticall spi-
rit, aaue from the .^Bquinoctiall aunne, or next vnto it, they woulde haue knowne, that in
the apace of tenn monetha (wherein hee performed hia voyage) aromaticall Cloueii could
not bee founde. While I waa buysily imploycd in thia corollary, or addition, beehold the
accustomed artea and aubtiltie of whirlinge fortune, which neuer gaue ounce of hony vnto Whiriinic lot-
any, but ahcc caat aa much, or oftentimes more gall in his diah. The atreetes of this famous
citty range with the aounde of Trumpette*, and Drummea for ioy of the espousallH, and re-
iterated aflinity with the kinge of Portugall Carsan sisters sonne and his cousin germannc,
by takinge his sister now marriacjeable and fonakinge the English womann yet younge, and
tender, which tliinge the kingdomes of Castcrle cheefly desired, at what time a sorrowfull
and grieuous measage to bee indurcd prcitcnliy insued : which filled the minde of Cac.nar,
and all the Casteelians with disdainr, and contempt. In that treatise of the world compassed,
directed to Pope Adrian, I sayd, that the companion of the ship called the Victory, remained
broken in the Hand of Tidore, one of the Ilandes of the Maluchas ingenderinge spices,
which shipp called the Trinitie, was left there with 57. men, whose proper names besides T'i«'«iurin of
the head omccrs, I haue extracted out of the accompiants bookcs of these negotiations. Jl'„J,'"ji',\!p."
That shipp being repaired, returned laden with cloues, & certaine precious stones : shee
light on the Portugall fleete, and comming vpon them vnawares, they tooke her violently,
and brought her being vanquished to Malacha, supposed to bee the golden Chcrsoncsus, and
the Portugall Commander named Georgius de Brito a sea faring man violetly tooke whatso-
(iier was in her. But it is a lamentable thinge to bee spoken, what happened to the mariners
of this shippe : the fury of the Sea against them was ao great, that being tossed to and froe
with perpetuall stormes, they all perished almost with famine, and ouerwalchiiigc The
jshipp (ailed the Trinitie being taken, that Porljgallian Commander is said to haue gone to
our Ilandes of the Maluchas, and in one of them (whereof there are seucn) hee built a
fastle, and whatsocuer wares were left in the llandea for negotiation, or trade of marchan-
iue, he violently tooke them all. The pilotts, and kinges seruants who are safly returned,
say that both robberyes, and pillages exceede the valew of two hundered thousande Ducates,
but Christopherus de Haro especially the generall directcr of this aromaticall negotiation, Chtiitophcrus
vnder the name of Factor, conRrmeth the same. Our Senate yeeldeth great credit to this "** """'
mann. Hee gaue mee the names of all the 5. shippes tliat accompanied the Victorio, and
of all the mariners, and meane officers whatsocuer. And in our Senate assembled he shewed

3 P a why

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Tht fatiill pro'
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FoRujillci.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, &c. Jlie eight Decade.

why he assigned that valewe of the booty or pray, because he particularly declared, how
much spices J Trinitie brought, how much spice was left in the handes of Zabazulla kine of
the Hand of Machiana, one of our 7. Hands ingcndring spices, and of another next border-
ing kinge of the llande of Tidore, and his sonne, and of the stewardes of both the kinges"
and their domesticall noble menne by name, all whiche was bought for a price, assigned to
lohannes de Campo remaining there with f rest. And concerning the wares, or marchandise
how much Steele, & copper plate, how much hempen, and flaxen cloath, how much
pitch, quick-siluer, Peter lightes, tapers of Turkic, Arsenicke Orpin for pictures, corals
and reddish fannes, or hats, caps, looking glasses, glassy and cleere stones, bels, poynts
seats fit for kings, and what engins with their munition was therejn, fer the exchange
of which thinges by the kinges chiefe officers remaining there, to wit, the Auditor
and Treasurer, spices might be gathe-.-d, to be brought backe by our shippes which
were to bee sent. It may be doubted what Caesar will doe in such a case, I thinke
he will dissemble the matter for a while, by reason of the renued affinity, yet thou<ih
they were twinnes of one birth, it were harde to suffer this iniurious lossc to passe vnpunished
I suppose the matter will first peaceably bee treated by Embassadours. But I heare another
thing which will he distastfull to the king of Portugal!, Coesar cannot although he desired to
dissemble the matter, for the owners of those marchandises will earnestly require lustice lo
be done, which were dishonest to deny vnto the enemy, how much more to his owne tribu-
taryes. The auncient Portugalles prophesie the insuing destruction of his >cingdoe, through
these rash and vnaduised attempts : for they too proudly despise the people of Casteele
without whose reuennues and commodities they should perish through famine, seeing that is
but a mean, and poore kingdome, somtimes a County of Casteele. The Casteelians throu»h
rage and fury, fret, and foame, and f?esire that Caesar woulde indeuour to reduce that kina-
dome to the crowne of Casteele : king Philip, Caesars father sometime thought, & saide
that he woulde doe it. and lime will publish the sentence. In the meane space, I biddevour
Holinesse farewell, prostrate beefore whose sight I present my kisses to your feete.

FINIS.
Soli Oeo, Trino, & Vni, Laus & gloria. «

y « . '4

'i i

The eight Decade.

icularly declared, how
!s of Zabazulla king of
f another next border-
les of both the kinges,
For a price, assigned to
wares, or marchandise,
ten cloath, how much
in for pictures, corals,
re stones, bels, poynts,
frejn, for the exchange
, to wit, the Auditor,
by our shippes which
I such a case, I thinkc
led affinity, yet though
issc to passe vnpunished,
•s. But I heare another
Bt although he desired to
•nestly require lustice to
more to his owne tribu-
of his iiingdoe, through
the people of Casteele,
h famine, seeing that is
The Casteelians through
lour to reduce that king.
etime thought, & saide,
leane space, I biddejout
8 to your feete.

VIRGINIA

laicblp (nalueD,

BY THF DESCRIPTION OF THE AINE LAND OF

FLORIDA,

HER NEXT neighbour:

OUT OF THE FOURE YEERES CONTINUALL TRAUELL AND DISCOUERIE, FOR ABOUE
ONE THOUSAND MILES EAST AND WEST,

DON FERDINANDO D^S SOTO,

AND SIXE HUNDRED ABLE MEN IN HIS COMPANIE.

WHEREIN ARE TRULY ODSERUED

THE RICHES AND FERTILITIE OF THOSE PARTS,

ABOUNDING WITH THINGS NECESSARIE, PLEASANT AND PROFITABLE

FOR THE LIFE OF MAN: WITH THE NATURES AND DISPOSITIONS

OF THE INHABITANTS:

WRIITKN BY A PORTUGALL GENTLEMAN OF EI.UAS, EMPLOIED IN ALL THE ACTION,
AND TRANSLATED OIT OF THE PORTl'OESE

BY RICHARD HAKLVYT.

at jLonQon: «

PRINTED BY FELIX KYNOSTON FOR MATTHEW LOWNES, AND ARE TO BE SOLD AT IIIK
NKINE OF THE DIHHUPS HEAD IN PAULS rllURrllVAHr.

1C09.

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TO THE

RIGHT HONOVRABLE,

THE

RIGHT WORSHIPFULL COUNSELLORS,

AND OTHERS Tllli CHEEUEFULL ADUENTURORS FOR THE ADUANCEMENT OF THAT
CHRISTIAN AND NOBLE PLANTATION IN VIRGINIA.

THis worke, right Honourable, right Worshipfull, and the rest, though small in shew, yet
great in substance, doth yecld much light to our enterprise now on foot : whether you de-
sire to know the present and future commodities of our countrie ; or the qualities and con-
ditions of the Inhabitants, or what course is best to be taken with them.

Touching the commodities, besides the generall report of Cabe^a de Vaca to Charles the
Empcrour (who first trauellcd through a great part of the Inland of Florida, next adioyning
vpon our Virginia) That Florida was the richest countrie of the world ; and, that after hce
had found clothes made of cotton wooll, he saw gold and siluer, and stones of great value : Chir..!j
I referre you first to the rich mines of gold reported to be in the prouince of Yupaha, and de-
scribed in the twelfth Chapter of this Treatise to come within our limits : And againe, to the
copper hatchets found in Cutifachiqui, standing vpon the Riuer of Santa Helena, which were
said to haue a mixture of gold. It .seemeth also that the last Chronicler of the West Indies,
Antonio de Ilcrrcra, speaking of the foresaid Riuer of Santa Helena, which standeth in 32.
degrees and an halfe, aliudeth to the prouince of Yupaha,|in these words : Y el oro, y plata, Ota*- v
(|iie hallnron, no era de aquella tierra, sino de 60. leguas, adentro al norte, de los pueblos"''' '
(lichos Otapales y Olagatanos, adonde se intiende, que ay minas de oro, plata, y cobre.
Hint is to say. That the gold and siluer which they found, was not of that countrie (of Santa
llfleiia) but 60. leagues distant toward the North, of the townes called Otapales and Olaga-
j.inos, where we vnderstand that there are mines of gold, siluer, and copper. By which
reckoning these rich mines are in the latitude of 35. degrees and an halfe. I desire you
likewise to take knowledge of the famous golden prouince of Chisca, stretching further to
iho North, whereof the Cacique of Costc gaue notice to Ferdinando de Soto in the towne ofcbap. ij.
Chiaha, affirming, that there were mines of copper, and of another mettall of the same co-
lour, saue that it was finer, and of a farre more perfect lustre, and farre better in sight, and
that they vsed it not so much, because it was softer. And the selfcsame thing was before
tdld the Gouernour in Cutifachiqui : who sent two Christians from Chiaha with certaine In-
<ll.ins which knew the countrie of Chisca, and the language thereof, to view it, and to make
report of that which they should finde. We likewise reade not long after, that the Gouer- Clup. ij.
nour set forward toseekea prouince called Pacaha, which hee was informed to be neerevnto
Chisca, where the Indians told him, that there was geld. And in another place hee saith ;

That

lib.

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480

THE EPISTLE DEDICATORIE.

Clup.»4.

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Chap. 14,

Ch>ii. 31. «c 31.

Cliai). 31.& 31.

That from Pacaha hee sent thirtie horsemen and fiftie footmen to the prouince of Cahif a, to
see if from thence he might trauell to Chisca. where the Indians said, there was a worke of
gold and copper. So that here is fourc times mention, and that in sundrie places, of the
rich and famous golde mines of Chisca, and that they lie beyond the mountaines toward
the North, oner which they were not able to trauell for the roughnes thereof But what
neede I to stand vpon forren testimonies, since Master Thomas Hcriot, a man of much iudge.
ment in these causes, signified vnto you all, at your late solemne meeting at the house of
the right honourable the Earle of Exeter, how to the Southwest of our old fort in Virginia,
the Indians often informed him, that there was a great melting of red mettali, reporting the
manner in working of the same. Besides, our owne Indians haue lately reuealed either this
or another rich mine of copper or gold in a towne called Ritanoe, neere certaine mountaines
lying West of Roanoac.

Another very gainfull commoditic is, the huge qiiantitie of excellent pcrles, and little
babies and birds made of them ; that were found in Cutifachiqui. The abundance wiiereof
is reported to be such, that if they would haue searched diuers graues in (ownes thereabout,
thcv might haue laded many of their horses. Neither are the Turkie stones and cotton woojl
found at Guasco to be forgotten, nor passed ouer in silence.

But that, which I make no small accoinit of, is, the multitude of Oxen, which, from the
beginning of the 16. to the end of the 26. Chapter, are nine seuernll times made mention
of, and that along from Chiaha, Coste, Pacaha, Coligoa, and Tiilla, still toward the North,
to wit, toward vs, there was such store of them, that they could keepe no come for them :
and that the Indians liued vpon their flesh. The haire of these Oxen is likewise said to he
like a soft wooll, betweenc the course and fine wooll of sheejie: and that they vse them for
couerlets, because they are very soft and woollcd like sheep : and not »-o oncly, but they
make bootes, shooes, targets, and other things necessarie of the same. Besides the former
benefits, their young ones may be framed to the yoke, for carting and tillage of our ground.
And I am in good hope, that ere it be long we shall haue notice of their being neerer vs,
by that which I readc in the Italian relation of Ciibe<;a de Vara, the first finder of them ;
which writeth. That they spread ihemsclues within thecountrie aboue foure hundred leagues.
Moreoucr, Vasques dc Coronado, and long after him, Antonio dc Espcjo (whcsc voiagcs
are at large in my third volume) trauelled many leagues among these hoards of 0.\en, and
found them from 3'.i. degrees ranging very farre to the North and Northeast.

A fourth chiefe commoditic wee may account to be the great number of Mulberrie tree;,
apt to feede Silke-wormes to make silke: whereof there was such pleniic in many places,
that, though they found some hempe in the countrie, the Spaniards made ropes of the
barks of them for their brigandinrs, whrn th<y were to put to sea for Nona Hispania.

.'\ fifth is the cxrclleni and perfect colours, as lilack, white, gncnc, yellow, and red, and
the materials to dye withall, so ofrcn spoken of in this discourse : amont; whiih I haue some
hope to bring you to tlie knowledge of the rich grainc of Coi honiliio, so much e>tcemed,
and of so great price. I spcake nothing of the scucrnll sorts of parsing good grapes for
Wine and liaisons.

Neither is it the least benefit, that they found salt m.nde by ihe Indians at Cayas, and in
two places of the prouince of .Aguacay : the manner also h(<w the Inhabit.nits make it, is
very well worth the o!).seruati(;n.

One of the chicfest of all the rest may be the notice of the South Sea, leading vs tol.ipan
and China, wliich I finde here twice to be spoken of Whereof long since I haue wrillcn a
discour-c, which I thinke not fit to l)c made ouer common.

For closing vp this point. The distances of places, the qualities of the soiles, the situati-
ons of the regions, the diuersiiics and goodnesse of the fruits, the seuerall sorts of beasts,
the varietic of fuwlcs, the difl^erencc belwccnc the Inhabitants of the mountaines and the
plaincs, and the riches of the Inland in comparison of the Sea coast, are iudicially set downc
in the conclusion of tliis booke, whereunto for mine owne ease I refcrre you.

To come to the second general! head, which in the beginning I proposed, concerning the

mniuiers

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[lince of Ca1u(a, to
ere was a worke of
Jrie places, of the
nnountaines toward
thereof. But what
man of much iudge-
ing at the house of
)ld fort in Virginia,
ettall, reporting tlie
reuealed either this
certaine mountaines

nt pcrles, and little

abundance whereof

1 towneii thereabout,

nes and cotton wool!

n. whic'i, from the
times made mention
ill toward the North,

no come for them :
s likewise said to be
lilt they vse them for
It s>o onciy, but they
Besides' the former
tillage of our ground.
icir being neerer vs,

first finder of them ;
iiure hundred lca2;iie«t.
ipcjo (whrse voiagcs

hoards of 0.\en, and
ihcast.

r of Mulberric trees
eniic in many plates
m.ide ropes of the

Ndua Hispania.

vclldw, and red, and

._ which I hauc some
o, so much e>tccmed,
ling good grapes lor

ians at Cay.ns, .nnd in
nhabitants make it, is

ic;i, leading vstolapan
since I hauc written a

THE EPISTLE DEDICATORIE.

manners and dispositions of the Inhabitants : among other things, I finde them here noted
to be very eloquent and well spoken, as the short Orations, interpreted by lohn Ortiz, which
lined tweiue yeeres among them, make sufficient proofe. And the author, which was a gen-
tleman of Eluas in Portugal!, emploied in all the action, whose name is not set downe, speak,
ing of the Cacique of Tulla, saith, that aswell this Cacique, as the others, and all those
which came to the Gouernour on their behalfe, deliuered their message or speech in so good
order, that no Oratour could vtter the same more eloquently. But for all their faire and
cunning speeches, they are not ouermuch to be trusted : for they be the greatest traitors of
the world, as their manifold most craftie contriued and bloody treasons, here set down at
large, doe euidently proue. They be also as vnconstant as the wethercock, and most readie
to take all occasions of aduantages to doe mischiefc. They are great liars and dissemblers ;
for which faults often times they had their deserued paiments. And many times they gaue
good testimonie of their great valour and resolution. To handle them gently, while gentle
courses may be found to serue, it will be without comparison the best : but if gentle polish-
ing will not serue, then wc shall not want hammerours and rough masons enow, I meane our
old soldiours trained vp in the Netherlands, to square and prepare them to our Preachers
hands. To conclude, I trust by your Honours and Worships wise instructions to the noble
Gouernour, the worthy experimented Lieutenant and Admirall, and other chiefe managers
of the businesse, all things shall be so prudently carried, that the painfull Preachers shall
be reuerenced and cherished, the valiant and forward soldiour respected, the diligent re-
warded, the coward emboldened, the weake and sick relieued, the mutinous suppressed, the
reputation of the Christians among the Saluages preserued, our most holy faith exalted, all
Paganisme and Idolatrie by little and little vtterly extinguished. And here reposing and
resting my selfe vpon this sweete hope, I cease, beseeching the Almightie to blesse this good
work in your hands to the honour and glorie of his most holy name, to the inlargement of
the dominions of his sacred Maiestie, and to thegenerall good of all the worthie Aduenturers
and vndertakers. From my lodging in the Colledge of Westminster this 15. of Aprill, 1609.

By one publikely and anciently denoted to Gods seruice,

and all yours in this so good action,

KiCHARD HaKLUYT.

481

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the soilcs, the silnaii-

ruerall sorts of Iteasis

monntaincs and the

re iudicially set downe

rre vou.

jio^d, concerning the
manners

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RELATION OF SVCH THINGS

DON FERDINANDO DE SOTO,

ADELANTADO OF FLORIDA PASSED IN SEEKING TO CONQUER
THE SAID COUNTREY:

WHEREIN 19 DECLARED WHO HE WAS, AND WHAT SOME OF THEM WERE THAT WENT WITH HIM:

AND SOME PARTICULARS AND DIUERSITIES OF THE COUNTRIE, AND WHATSOEUER THEY

SAW AND HAPPENDD VNTO THEM IN THE SAME.

Chap. I.

Which declareth who Don Ferdinando dc Soto was, and how he got the gouernment

of Florida.

CAptainc Soto was the son ofa Squire of Xerez of Badaioz. He went into the Spanish Indies,

when Peter Arias of Auiia was Gouernour of the West Indies : And there he was without

any thing else of his ownc, saue his sword and target : and for his good qualities and valour,

Peter Arias made him Captaine of a troope of horsemen, and by his commandement hee went

with Fernando Pizarro to the conquest of Peru : where (as many persons of credit reported,

which were there present) as well at the taking of Atabalipa, Lord of Peru, as at the assault

of the citie of Cusco, and in all other places where they found resistance, wheresoeuer hee

was present, hee pa^^M'd all other Captaines and principal! persons. For which cause, besides

his part of the treasure of Atabalipa, he had a good share: whereby in time he gathered an

hundred and fourescore thousand Duckets together, with that which fell to his part : which he

brought into Spaine : whereof the Empcrour borrowed a certaine part, which he repaied

againe with fiOOGO Rials of plate in the rent of the silkes of Granada, and all the rest was

deliuercd him in the Contractation house of Siuil. He toukc seruants, to wit, a Stewart, a

Gentleman Vsher, Pages, a Gentleman of the Horse, a Chamberlaine, Lakies, and al other

officers that the house of a Noble ma requireth. From Siuil hee went to the Court, and in

the Court, there accompanied him lohn Danusco of Siuil, and Lewis Moscoso D'Aluarado,

Nunno de Touar, and lohn Rodriguez Lobillo. Except lohn Danusco, all the rest came with

liim from Peru : and euery one of them brought fouricene or fiftoene thousand Duckets : all

of them went well and costly apparrclled. And although Soto of hisowne nature was not

iibcrall, yet because that was the first time that hee was to shew himselfc in the Court, he

spent frankely, and went accompanied with those which I haue named, and with his seruants,

and many other which resorted vnto him. Hee married with Donna Isabella de Bouadilla,

daughter of Peter Arias of Auila, Earle of Punno en Rostro. The Emperour made him the

Goucrnor of the Isle of Cuba, and Adelantado or President of Florida, with a title of

Marques of certaine part of the lands, that he should conquer.

3 0.2 Chap.

ill

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» ,

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484

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIOKS, 77ic dhcoycrk if norid,,,

!tj;'i.

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Chap. II.

How Cabe<;a He Vara rainc t» ihc Court, and pane relation of tlic Countrie of Florida :
And of the Companie (hat was asscml)ic(l in Siuil to jjoe with Don Ferdinando de Soto.

WHcn Don Ferdinando had obtained tlie <,'oiiri|nment, there ramc a Gentlemen from the
Indies to the Court, named Cabeqa de Vaca, whirli had been with the (Joiiernour Pamphilo
de Karuaez which died in Florida, who reported that Naruae/. wa^ cast away at sea with all
the rompanie jr went with him. And how he with foiire more escaped and arriucd in NiuHa
Espanna: Also he brought a relation in writing; of that which hee had seene in Florida ;
which said in some places : In such a place I haue scene this ; and the rest which here {
saw, I Icaue to conferre of betweene hi" Maic«tie and my selfe. (Jenerally he rrpdrtnl
the miscrie of the Countrie, and tlie troubles which hee passed: and hce told some of hj^
kin>ifolkc, which were desirous to poc into the Indies, and vr^ed him very much f-) idl
them whether he had seenc any rich country in Florida, that he might not tell them, l)C( aiisp
hce and another, whose name was Oranies, (who remained in Nueua Espanna with purix.sc
to rcttirne into Florida : for which intent hec came into Spaine to beg the gouerinncni
thereof of the Empcrour) had sworne not to discoiier some of those things which thev li.uj
scene, because no man should preuent them in begging the same: And hce informed liici,,
f'""'^' ',"'" . That it was the richest Countrie of the world. Don Ferdiiinnilo de Soto was very dcsiifuis i.,
uiihcwoiid. haue him with him, and made him a fauourable olVcr : and after they were a;; reed, bccmsc
Soto gaue him not a summe of money which he demanded to buy a ship, tlicy brke oH
againe. Haltasar de Gallegos, and Christopher de Spindola, the kinsemen of ('abciji de
Vaca, told him, that for that which hee had imparted to them, thcv were resolucd to p,i»v'
with Soto into Florida, and therefore they prayed him to aduise them what they were lic.|
to doe. Cabc(;a de Vaca told them, that ihe cause why he went not with Si)to v*.,,
because hee hoped to beg another gouernment, and that hee was loth to goc vndcr ilu'
command of another: and that hee came to beg the conquest of Florida: but 'ccipo
Don Ferdinando de Soto had gotten it alreadie, for his dthes sake hee might tell tlic ;i
nothing of that which they would know : but hee counselled them to sell their gor.d*
and goe with him, and that in so doing they should doe well. Assoone as he had op-
portuniiie hce spake with the Emperour, and related vnto him whatsoeuer hce h.id
passed and scene, and come to vndersfand. Of this relation made by word of mouih
to the Emperour, the Marques of Astorga had notice, an<l forthwith determined to scmi
with Don Ferdinando de Soto his brother Don Antonio Osorio: & with him twn
kinsmen of his prepared themsclues, to wit, Francis Osorio, and Garcia Osorio. Dm
Antonio dispossessed hiniselfe of tiOOOO Kials of rent which hee held by the Church :
and Francis Osorio of a town of Vassals, which he had in the Countrie de Canipcw.
And they made their Rendezuous with the Adelantado in Siuil. The like did Nimnez
de Touar, and Lewis de .Moscoso, and lohn Hodriguez I.ohillo, each of who had brou"!)!
from Peru fourteene or (ifteene thousand Duckets. Lewis de Moscoso carried with him two
brethren: there went also Don Carlos, which had married the Gouemours Neece, and lookc
her with him. From Badaioz there went Peter Calderan, and three kin-emen of the .Adelan-
tado, to wit. Arias Tinoco, Alfonso Homo, and Diego Tinoco. And as Lewis <le Moscns)
r.ui! is 1 citie passed through * Eluas, Andrew de V^asconselos spake with him, aiul re(piested him to spe.ike
" "''■ to Don Ferdinando jle Soto concerning him, and deliucrcd him certaine warrants which I e
had rcceiued from the Marques of \\\h real, wherein he gaue him the Captaincship of
Ccuta in Barbaric, that he might shew them vnto him. And the Adelantado saw them ; and
was informed who hee was, and wrote vnto him, tliat hee would fauoiir him in all thing*,
and by al meanes, and would giue him a charge of men in Florida. And from Eluas went
Andrew de Vascoiiselos, und Fcrnan Pegado, Antonio Martinez Segurado, .Men Roi/ Pereira,
Tohn Cordero, Stephen Pegado, Benedi( t Fernandez, and Aluaro Fernandez. .And out or
Salamanca, and laen, and Valencia, and Albuquerque, and from other partes of Spaine,

many

Al '^^'

srnifcrle ifFloritlu,

next adiotjning to FirgMa. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 485

many people of Nol)Ic birth aAsemblcd at Siiiil : insomuch that in Saint Lucar many men
of good account which had sold their goods remained behind for want of shipping, whcreasi
for other known and rich Countries, they arc wont to want men : and this fell out by occa-
sion of that which Cabe(;a de Vaca told the Emperour, and informed such persons ns hce
had conference withal! touching the State of tliat Countric. Soto made him great oilers :
and being agreed to goe with him (as I haue said before) because he would not giue him
moiue to pay for a ship, which he had brought, they brake off, & he went for Goucrnour
to the Riuer of Plate. His kinsemcn Christopher de Spindola, and Baltasar de Gallegos^^l'^^^'J;"
went with Soto. Raltasar de Gallegos sold houses and vineyards, and rent come, and nmirnfthr
ninclie rankes of Oliuc trees in the Xarafc of Siuil: Hee had the office of Alcalde Mayor, '^'"" "^ '"'"'•
and fooke his wife with him : And there went also many other persons of account with the
President, and had the officers following by great friendship, because they were officers
desired of many : to wit, Antonie de Bicdma was Factor, lohn Danusco was Auditor, and
lohn Gaytan nephew to the Cardinall of Cigucnza had the office of Treasurer.

Chap. III.

How the Portugales went to Siuil, and from thence to S. Lucar: he appointed
Cnptaines oucr the ships, and distributed the people which were to goe in
them.

THe Portugales departed from Eltias the 13. of lanuarie, and came to Siuil the 19. of
the same moneth, and went to the lodging of the Gouernor, and enlrcd into a court, ouer
tlir which were ccrtainc galleries where hee was, who came downe and rcceiued them at
the stnires, whereby they went vp into the galleries: when he was come vp, he commanded
rhaires to be giuen them to sit on. And Andrew de Vasconcelos told him who hee and the
other Portugales were, and how they all were come to accompany him, and serue him in
his voia<;e. He gaue him thanks, and made shew of great contentment for his comming
and ofTer. And the table being alrendie laid he inuited them to dinner. And being at
dinner he commanded his steward to seeke a lodging for them neere vnto his ownc, where
they might bee lodged. The Adelantado departed from Siuil to Saint Lucar with al the
people which were to goe with him : And he commanded a muster to be made, at the
which the Portugales shewed themselues armed in vcrie bright armour, and the Castellans
very gallant with silke vpon silke, with many pinkings and cuts. The Gouernour, because
these brauaries in such an action did not like him, commanded that they should muster
another day, and euery one should come foorth with his armour : at the which the Portu-
gales came as at the first armed with very good armour. The Gouernour placed them in
order neere vnto the standard which the ensigne-bearer carried. The Castellanes for the
most part did weare very bad and rustic shirts of maile, and all of them head peeces and
Steele cappes, and very bad lances. And some of them sought to come among the Portu-
gales. So those p.ns.scd and were counted and enroled, which Soto liked and accepted of,
and did accompanie him into Florida ; which were in all sixe hundred men. He had ^''" ''"nJ"!!
alreadie bought seucn ships, and had all necessarie prouision .nboord them: He appointed SiwimTfiil'Mji.
Captaines, and deliuered to euery one his ship, and gaue them in a role what people cuerv
uiie should carrie with them.

Chap. IV.

How the Adelantado with his people departed from Spainc, and came to the Cana-
ries, and afterward to the Antilcs.

IN the yeere of our Lorl I ».38. in the moneth of Aprill, the Adelantado deliuered his
^llippe8 to the Captaines wliuh were to goe in them : and tooke for himselfe a new ship,
and good of sailc, and <;auo ui-'tlicr to Andrew de Vasconcelos, in which the Portugales
went : hce went ouer tlic b.irre of S. Lucar on Sunday being S. Lazarus d;iy, in the

niiTiiing,

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Iff;

486

Great fie;ct.
Ananri.

Creat Pinr-

■PI' It;*

• Krua bahnii.
Mamtis, MM ci<
fcllftit fruit.

Guayahai.

PlaaUnoa*

Bitatsi, or
I'uUtos.

The Cassaui

rtiou.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The dUeoutrte of Florida,

morning, of the moneth and yeere aforesaid, vrith great ioy, commanding his trumpeti to
be sounded, and many shot.^ of the ordinance to be discharged. Hee sailed foiire dales
with a prosperous wind ; and suddenly it calmed : the calmes continued eight dales with
••welling seas, in such wise, that wee made no way. The 15. day after his departure from
S. Lucar, hee came to Gomcra, one of the Canaries, on Easter day in the morning. The
Earle of that Island was apparrelled all in white, cloke, ierkin, hose, shooes, and cappe,
80 that hee seemed a Lord of the Gypses. He rcceiucd the Gouernour with much ioy : fee
was well lodged, and all the rest had their lodgings gratis, and gat great store of victuals
for their monie, as bread, wine and flesh : and they tooke what was necdfull for their shipg;
and the Sunday following, eight dales after their arriuall, they departed from the Isle of
Gomera. The Earle gaue to Donna Isabella the Adelantados wife a bastard daughter that
hee had to bee her waiting maid. They arriued at the Antilles, in the Isle of Cuba, at the
port of the City of Sant lago vpon Whitsunday. Assone as they came thither, a Gentle-
man of the Citie sent to the sea side a very faire roan horse and well furnished for the
Gouernour, and a mule for Donna Isabella : and all the horsemen and footemen that were
in the lowne came to rcceiue him at the sea-side. The Gouernour was well lodged, visited,
and serued of all the inhabitants of that Citie, and all his companie had their lodgings
freely : those which desired to goe into the counfrie, were diuided by foure and foure,
and sixe and sixe in the farmes or granges, according to the abilitie of the owners of the
farmes, and were furnished by them with all things necessary.

Chap. V.

Of the inhabitants which are in the Citie of S. lago, and in the other townes of the
Island : and of the qualitic of the soile, and fruitcs that it yeeldeth.

THe Citie of S. lago hath fourcscore houses which are great and well conlriued. The
most part haue their walles made of bords, & are couercd with thatch; it hath some houses
builded with lime & stone, and couered with tiles. It hath great Orchards and many trcei4
in them, dift'ering from those of Spaine : there be figgctrees which beare flgges as big as
ones fist, yellow within, and of small taste ; and other trees which beare a fruit which
they call Ananes, in making and bignes like to a small Pineapple: it is a fruit very sweete
in taste : the shel Itring taken away, the kernel is like a pecce of fresh cheese. In the
granges abroad in the countrie there are other great pineapples, which grow on low trees,
and are like the * Aloetree : they are of a very good smell and exceeding good taste.
Other trees do beare a fruit, which they call Mameis of the bignes of Peaches. This the
Islanders do hold for the best fruit of the country. There is another fruit which they call
Guayabas like Filberds, as biggc as figires. There are other trees as high as a iaueline,
hauing one only storke without any bough, and the leaucs as long as a casting dart : and
the fruite is of the bigncsse and fashion of a Cucumber, one bunch bearcth 20. or 3U. and
as they ripen, the tree bendctli downeward with them : they arc called in this cuuntrie
Plantanos; and are of a good taste, & ripen after they be gathered, but those are the
better which ripen vpon the tree it selfe: they beare fruite but once : and the tree being
cut downe, there spring vp others out of the but, which beare fruite the next yeerc.
There is another fruit ; whereby many people are sustained, and chiefly the slaues, which
are called Batatas. These grow now in the Isle of Tercjcra, belonging to the Kingdomc of
Portugal, and they grow within the earth, and are like a fruit called Iname, they haiic
almost ^ taste of a chestnut. The bread of this countrie is also made of rootes which are
like the Batatas. And the stocke whereon those rootes doe grow is like an Elder tree : they
make their ground in little hillocks, and in each of them they thrust 4. or 5. stakes; and
they gather the rootes a yeere and an halfe after they set them. If any one, thinking it is
a Batata or Potato roote, chance to eate of it neuer so little, hee is in great danger of
death : which was secne by experience in a souldier, which assone as hee had eaten a very
little of one of those rootes, hee died quicklie. They pare these rootes and itampe them,

and

i <'.,;

' ■ ■ ■* '11

eouerie of Florida,

next adloynlng to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 487

and aqueM them in a thing like a preiise : the iuyce that commeth from them u of an euill

■mell. The bread it or little taste and leitse aubntance. Or the fruitea or Spainc, there

are Figges and Oranges, and they beare fruit all the yeere, because the soile is* very ranke

and fruitrull. In this countrie are many good horsea, and there is greene grassc all the h^Kk'**'

yeere. There be many wild oxen and hngges, whereby the people of the Island is welt

fumuhed with flesih : Without the townes abroad in the Countrie are many fruiles. And it

happenelh sometimes that a Christian goeth out of the way and is lost 15. or 80. dales,

because of the many paths in the thicke groues that crosse too and fro made by the oxen :

and being thus lost, they sustaine themselues with fruitea and palmttos : for there bee many

great groues of Palme treea through all the Island : they yeeld no other fruite that is of any

profit. The lale of Cuba is 300, leaguea long from the East to the West, and is in some J.^.'j^"^, Vubl

placea SO. in others 40. leagues from North to South. It hath 6. townes of Christiana : to '"

wit, S. lago, Baracda, Bayamo, Puerto de PrincipeM, S. Espirito, and Hauana. Euery one

hath betweene SO. and 40. households, except S. lago and Hauana, which haue about 60.

or 80. houses. They haue Churches in each of them, and a Chaplen which confeaseth

them and saith Masse. In S. lago is a Monasterie of Franciscan Friars : it hath but few

Friers, and is well prouided of almes, because the countrie is rich : The Church of S. lago

hath honest reuenew, and there is a Curat and Prebends and many Priests, as the Churrh

of that Citie, which is the chiefe of all the Island. There is in this countrie much gold,

and few slaues to get it : For many haue made away themselues, because of the Christians

euill vsage of them in the mines. A steward of Vasques Porcallo, which was an inhabi- Jj JJ^"'' '"*■

tour in that Island, vnderstanding that his slaues would make away themselues, staled for

them with a cudgill in his hand at the place where they were to meete, and told them, that

they could neither doe nor thinke any thing, that hee did not know before ; and that hcc

came thither to kill himselfe with them, to the end, that if hee had vsed them badly in this

world, hee might vse them worse in the world to come : And this was a meane that they

changed their purpose, and turned home againe to doe that which he commanded them.

Chap. VI.

How the Gouernour sent Donna Isabella with the ships to Hauana, and he with
some of his people went thither by land.

THe Gouernour sent from S. lago his Nephew Don Carlos with the ships in company of
Donna Isabella to tarrie for him at Hauana, which is an hauen in the West part toward the
head of the Island, 180. leagues from the Citie of Saint lago. The Gouernour and those
which staled with him bought horses and proceeded on their iournie. The first towne they
came vnto was Bayamo : they were lodged foure and foure, and sixe and sixe, as they went Sa^imo.
in company, and where they lodged, they tooke nothing for their diet, for nothing cost
them ought saue the Maiz or corne for their horses, because the Gouernor went to visit them
from towne to towne, and scased them in the tribute and seruice of the Indians. Bayamo
is 23. leagues from the Citie of S. lago. Neere vnto the towne passcth a great Riuer,
which is railed Tanto ; it is greater then Guadiana, and in it be very great Crocodiles, which
sometimes hurt the Indians, or the cattell which passeth the Riuer. In all the countrie are
neither Wolfe, Foxe, Beare, Lion, nor Tiger. There are wild dogges which goe from the
hou!jes into the woods and feed vpon swine. There be ccrtaine Snakes as bigge as a mans
thigh or bigger, they are very slow, they doe no kind of hurt. From Bayamo to Puerto Puetio dfiio«
dellos principes arc fiO. leagues. In al the Island from towne to towne, the way is made by P"""f<"'
.stubbing vp the vndcrwood : and if it bee left but one yeere vndone, the wood groweth so
much, thiit the way cannot be scene, and the paths of the oxen are so many, that none ran
trauell without an Indian of the Countrie for a guide : for all the rest is very hie and thicke
woods. From Puerto dellos principes the Gouernour went to the house of Vasques Porcallo
by sea in a bote, (for it was ncerc the sea) to know there some newes of Donna Isabella,
which at that instant (aa afterward was knowne) wan in great distresse, in so much that the

ships

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Aniuiiitft

S^nto Eipiritu.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Tht dlncouerle qf norida,

■hips lo»t one another : nnd two of them fell on the coait of Florida, and ail of them endured
jfreat want of water and victuak When the itorme wai oner, they met together, wiihniii
Th'C'inofs. knowing where they were : in the end they dcHcricd the Cape of 8. Anton, a countrie not
inhabited of the Island of Cuba : there they watered; and at the endof4<). daien, which
were paued Hincc their departure from the City of S. lago, they ariued at ILuana. The
Gouernour was presently informed thereof, and went to Donna Uabella. And those which
went by land, which were one hundred and fiftie hon«emen, being diuided into two parti«,
becau<«e they would not opprciise the inhabitants, trauellcd by S. Espirito, which !:« gq'
leaguctt from Puerto dcllon principei. The food which they carried with them was Ca^nbe
bread, which In that whereof I made mention before : and it \* of such a qualltie, that if i(
be wet, it brcakcth presently, whereby it happened to some to eatc flesh without bread for
many d.iie^. They carried dogges with them, and a man of the Country, which did hunt;
& by the way, or where they were to lodge that nighf, they killed as many hoggrs a< they
needed. In this iournic they were well pnuiided of bccfe and porkc : And they were >»reatlv
troubled with Muskitos, especially in a lake, which is called the mere of Pia, which they had
much adoe to pajisc from noone till night, the water might be some holfe league ouer, and
to be swomc about a crosse bow shot, the rctt came to the waste, and they waded vp to the
knees in the mire, and in the bottome were cockle shcls, which cut their leetc very sorr ; In
such sort, that there was neither boote nor shooc sole that was hole at halfc way. Their
clothes and saddels were pasKed in baskets of Palme trees. Passing this lake, stripped out
of their clotlies, there came many muskitos, vpon who>«c biting there arose a whealc that
smarted very much: they strooke them with their hands, and with the blowe which they
gaue they killed so many, that the blood did runne downe the amies and bodies of the meii.
That niuht they rested very little for them, and other nights also in the like placenand limes.
They came to Santo Rspiriti>, which is a towne of thirtie houses ; there passcth by it a little
Hiuer: it is very pleasant and fruitfull, hauing great store of Oranges and citrons, and rruite>t
of the Countrie ; One halfe of the companie were Imlged here, and the rest passed forward
l.«Tnnidjj. ^j. IcHgues to auothcr towne called la Trinidad of |.'». or 2(). households. Here is an hn«.
pilall for the poorr, and there is none other in all the Island. And they say, that this louiio
was the greatest in all the Countrie, and that before the Christians came into this land, dm j
^hip passed along the coast, there came in it a very sicke man, which desired the rapiainc
to set him on shore: and the Captaine did so, and the ship went her way : The sicke man
remained set on shore in that countrie, which vntill then had not lu'en haunted by ('hri>-
tians ; whereupon the Indians found him, carried him home, and looked vnto him till he
was whole ; and the Lord of that towne inaried him vnto a daughter of his, and had v%,irrc
with all the inhabitants round about, and by the industrie and valour of the Christian, lie
sulxlued and brought vnder his command all the people of that Island. A great while .iftcr,
the Gouernour Diego Vcla-iques went to conquer it, and from thence discouered new Spainc :
And this Christian which wax with the Indians did pacific them, and brought them lo the
obedience and snhieciion of the (iouernour. From this towne dclla Trinidad vnto Ilauatu
are 80. leagues, without any habitation, which they trauelled. They came to Hauana in the
end of March ; where they found the (Jouernor, and the rest of the people whi< h came
with him from Spaine. The Gouernour sent from liauana lohn Dannuseo with a caniiide
tVi two brigantincs with 5(). men to discoucr the hauen of Florida; and fnim thence hee
brought two Indians, which he tooke vpon the coast, wherewith (aswell because they miglii
be necessaric for jiuitlcs and for inierpremurs, as because they said by signer that there was
much gold in Florida) the Gouernour and all the companie receiued much contentment,
and longed for the honrc of their departure, thinking in himselfe that this was the richest
Countrie, that vnto that day had been discouered.

Chap.

Hauitij.

H-^UA'. '-

^ f I

icouerie <\f Flordta,

next adioyning to rtr glim. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUF.RIES. «h<i

Chap. VII.

How wc drpartrd rrom Hnuana, nnct ariucd in Floridn, and of luch things* an Itap-

prned vnto vs.

nF.fore oiir drprirtiirr, the Goiifrnour depriiird Nunno dc Toiiar of ^ oflBce of Captainc
Cicnrrnll, iSi RaiK- it to I'linallo df Figurroa, an inhabitant of Cuba, which was a mcane that
ihc HhippcH were well liirnithed with vicfualx : for he jjaue a great many h)ad« of Ca^abr
bread, and manic hoftge**. The Gnucrmuir Uwlr away ihi<* odfice from Nonnn de Touiir,
bcrause hce had fallen in lone with the danithter uf f Earlc of (itinera. Donna iMabellas
waighting maid, who, though his office wi ;;~ 'akcn from >>if», (to rciiirnc againe to thcOo-
uernourN fauour) though she were with child > \ him, yet tooke her to his wife, and went
with Si to into Florida. The CJoucrnoiir left Uonna Isabella in HaimJIil ; and with her re-
mained the wife of Don Carhm, and the wiucs of Hwljjsar de GallegoA, and of Nonno de
Tnunr. And hec left for his Lieutenant a Gentleman of llaiiana, called lohn dc Kolas, for
the goncrnment of the Island.

On Sunday Ihc 18. of May, in the yeere of our Lord, 1.539. the Adrlantado or president Mjy m. ujv
departed from Ilauana in Cuba with his fleete, which were nine vessels, {me great tihips,
two rarauels, and two brigantines: They sailed seuen daieo with a prosperous wind. The
Mli. day of May, the d:iy dc I'asca de Spirito Santo, (which we call WhitMon Sonday,) they ti.m i-i tc »««
saw the land ol Florida ; and because of the shoalds, they came to an anchor a le.iguc front ""^iVsJ.ict'o,
the shore. On Friday I he .'{(). of May they landed in Florida, two leagues from a townehruKomhr
of an Indian Lord, called Vcifa. Thev set on land two hundred and thirteene horses, **hich JJC^^'j'"'',,"^,^
they brought with ihcm, to vnburden the shippes, that they might draw the lessc water. <i>iri:cs, <,.
Ilec landed all his men, and only the sea men remained in the shippes, which in eight daies,
going vp with the tide euery day a liitle, brought them vp vnto the lowne. Assoonc as
the people were come on shore, hec pitched his campc on the sea side, hard vpon the Bay
which went vp vnto the towne. And presently the Captaine gencrall Vasques Porcallo
with other 7. horsemen foraged the Countric halfe a le.igue round about, and found sixe Tiif •lupi
Indi.ms, which resisted him with their airowes, which arc the weapons which they vsc toofvcm'
light will, all : The horsemen killed two of them, and the other foure escaped ; bccau»e the
countric is cunibcrsome with woods and bogs, where the horses slacke fast, and fell with
(heir riders, because they were weake with trauclling vpon the sea. The same night (oilow-
ing the Goucrncur with an hundred men in the brigiinfines lighted vpon a towne, which
he found without |)coplc, hccuise, that nssoone as the Christians had sight of land, ihey
were descried, and saw iil'iig the roast many smokes, which the Indians had made to giue
■•Kluice the one lo the other. The nest day l.uys tie Moscoso, Masier of the Campe set
the men in order, the luirscmen in three squadrons, the N'aiitgard, the Hatallion, and the
Ifcrewardc : and so lliey marclied that day, and the ilay following, conij'i-sing great Crceke«
which came out of the Hay ; i'hcy came to the io>viie of Vcita, where the (louernour was, Tfc' ifwnr
on Sunday the first of lune, being IViniiic Sunday. The towne was of seuen or eight houses.^;'"
The I.ordes house stoode neere the shore vpon a very hie mount, made by hand for strength.
At another end of the towne stood the CI urch, and on the lop of it stood a fowlc m.ide of
v'ood tsith gilded eics. lleere were found some pciirics of small valew, spoiled with the Som.- 1)?.!
(ire, which the Ir.dians do |)ierce and string them like bcades, and wearc them about their*^^""'
Mtikcs and han»l wrisiM, and ihty esieeme them very much. The houses were made of lim-
luT, and ronered with I\ilme le;iues. The (iouernour lo<lge«l liimstirc in the Lords houses,
iiiul will) him Vas(|iirs I'mcallo, :ind Luvs <le Moscono: and in others that were in iheinid-
(l(st of the Icwnc, was the ( hicfe Ah aide or luslice, Halfasar tic (Jallegos lodged; and in
llu- same houses was set in a place l)\ it s. Ifc, al tlic proui.sion that came in the ships: the
other houses and the Chnich w«rc brok-n flown, and « iiery three or foure souidiers m.idc
a little cabin wlurcin they hulged. 'I'Ik- Cnnntric round aboiii was vitv fennic, and en-
rombrcd with great and hie trees. Ihe (i< ucrnor commanded tu fcl the woodjt a crosse-

\UL. v. 3 It bow

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490 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The diacouerie of Florida,

bow shot round about the towne, that the horses might runne, and the Christians might haiic
the aduantage of the Indians, if by chance they should set vpon them by night. In the
waies and places conucnient, they had their Centinelles of footemen by two and two in
euery stand, which did watch by turnes, and the horsemen did visit them, and were roadie
to assist them, if there were any alarme. The Gouernour made foure Caplnines of the horse-
men, and two of the footemen. The Cnptaincs of the horsemen were, one of them Andrew
de Vasconcelos, and another Pedro Calderan de Badaioz: and the other two were his kinse-
men, to wit. Arias Tinoco, and Alfonso Komo, borne likewise in Badaiox. The Captaincs
of the footemen, the one was Francisco Maldonado of Salamanca, and the other luan Rodri-
guez Lobillo. While wee were in this towne of Vcita, the two Indians, which Inhn Danusco
had taken on that coast, and the Goucrnor caried along with him for guides and interprciours,
through carelessencs of two men, which had the charge of them, escaped away one night.
For which the Gouernour and all the rest were very sorie, for they had alrc.nlie made sonic
roadcs, and no Indians could bee taken, because the countrie was full of niarish grounds,
and in many places full of very hie and thicke woods.

Chap. Vlll.

Of some inrodes that were made into the Countrie: and how there was a Christian
found, which had bin long time in the power of an Indian Lortl.
FKom the towne of \'c!ta, the Gouernour sent the Alcalde Mayor, Ballasar de G illrno^
with 40. horsemen and HO. footemen into the Countrie to see if tlicy could take any Indians:
and the Captaine lohn Hodriguez Lobillo another wav with .")(). footemen, the mo>;t of (l,,.,,,
were swordmen and targettours, and the rest were shot and crossebownien, Thev jia-Sid
through a countrie full of bogges, where horses could not traucll. Halfe a league fidii
Crrtjinf cibins the campe, they lighted vpon certainc cabins of Indians iieereaHiuer: The jjfopio ihat
(f induni. were in them leaped into the Riuer; yet they (ooke foure Indian women : And twoniic In-
dians charged vs, and so distressed vs, that wee were forced to retire to our rani])e, bcirii:,
as they are, exceeding readic with their weapons. It is a people so warlike and so nimlilc,
that they care not awhit for any footeru-n. For if their enemies charge them, thcv niiuic
aw.ny, and if they tnrne their backs, they are presently vpon them. And the thing thai (hc\
most flee, is the shot of an arrow. They neuer stand still, but are alwaies running and ini-
uersjng from one place to another : by reason whereof neither crossebow nor arcubii-ic r;i!i
aime at them : and before one crossebowman can make one shcit, an Indian will (li>.(har.;e
three or foure arrowes ; and he seldome misseth what hee shontcth at. An arrow, wlurr it
iindeth no armour, pierceth as deepely as a crossebow. Their bowes are very long, .nnd ihcir
arrowes are made of certaine canes like reedes, very heauie, & so strong, that a sharpe cine
passeth thorow a target : Some they arme in the point with a sharpe bone of a fish lik( :i
chisel, and in others they fasten certainc stones like points of Diamanls. For the im st lurt
when thev light vpon an armour, they !)reako in the place where they are bound ttiycihtT.
Those of cane do split and pierce a coate of niaile, and are more hurtlull then the oiIkt.
lohn Rodriguc/. Loliillo returned to the Campe with sixe men wounded, whereof one died;
and brousiht the foun- Indian women which Haltasar Gallegos had taken in the cabins or cut-
ages. Two leagues from the towne, comming into the plaine field, he espied ten or clcurii
Indians, among whom was a Christian, which was naked, and scorched with the Suiuic, and
had his armcs ra/ed after the manner ol the Indians, aiul differed nothing at all I'rnm ihcin.
And a'>-oo 'e as the horsemen s.iw them they ran toward them. The Indians fled, and soini'
of them hid ihemselues in a wood, and they oueriookc two or three of them, whirh wire
wounded : and the Christian, seeing an horseman runne vpon him with his lance, began u>
crie out, Sirs, I am a Christian, slav nie not, nor these Indians, for they haue sailed mv lire
And >iraii;htwav he called thi-m, and put them out of feare, aiul thcv came I'oorili of the
wood vntolhein. The horse men t(>oke both the Christian and the Itulians \p behind liirin ;
and toward night came into the Campe with much ioy : which thing being knowne by ihc
fiouernour, and them that remained in the Campe, thev were rcceiued with the like.

Cli.li).

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I. . 1:
1^ M

UVl V ^

IT' uli

iscouerie of Florida,

next ttdioyning to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 4dl

Chap. IX.

How this Christian came to the land of Florida, and who he was : and what confer-
ence he had with the Gouernoiir.

THis Christians name was lohn Ortiz, and ht wan borne in Siuil, of worshipful parentage. lohn onu uuh
lie was 12. yeeres in the hands of the Indians. He came into this Countrie with Pamphilo^JJ'j;'^';^,^
de Naruaez, and returned in the ships to the Island of Cuba, where the wife of the Gouern-riaiin<,.fVciu
our Pamphilo de Naruaez was: and by his conimandement with 20. or 30. other in a bri-""' ^'""^"•
gandiuc returned backe againe to Florida : and comming to the port in the sight of the towne,
on the shore (hey saw a cane sticking in the ground, and riuen at the top, and n letter in it :
and they heleeucd that the Gouernour had left it there to giue aduerlisement of himselfe,
when he rcsolucd to goe vp into the land : and they demanded it of fourc or fiue Indians,
which walked along the sea shore: and they bad them by signes to come on shore for it :
which against the will of the rest lohn Ortiz and another did. And asisoone as they were on
land, fr«m the houses of the towne issued a great number of Indians, which compassed them
about, and tooke them in a place where they could not flee : and the other which sought to
defend himselfe, they presentlie killed vpon the place, and tooke lohn Ortiz aliue, and car-
ried him to Vcita their Lord. And those of the brigandine sought not to land, but put them-
selues to sea, and returned to the Island of Cuba. Vcita commanded to bind lohn Ortiz hand
and foote vpou foure stakes aloft vpon a raft, and to make a fire vnder him, that there he
migiit bee burned : But a daughter of his desired him that he would not put him to death,
allcaging, that one only Christian could do him neither hurt nor good, telling him, that it
was more for his honour to keepe him as a captiuc. And Vcita granted her request, and
commanded him to be cured of his wounds : and assoone as he was whole, he gauc him the
charge of the keeping of the Temple : because that by night the wolues did cary away the
dead corpses out of the '^amc : who commended himselfe to God and tooke vpon him the
chariiC of his temple. One night the woIucs gate from him the corpes of a little child, the
Sonne of a principal Indian ; and going after them he threw a darte at one of the wolues and
sirooke him that carried away the corps, who feeling himselfe wounded left it, and fell downe
de.nd necre the |)lace : and hee not woting what he had done, because it was night, went
backe againe to the Temple : the morning being come, and finding not the bodie of the
child, he was very sad. Assoone .is Vcita knew thereof, he resolued to ])ut him to death ;
and sent by the tract, which he said the wolues went, and found the bodie of the child, and
the Wolfe dead a little Insund : whereat Vcita was much contented with the Christian, and
with the watch which hoc kept in the Temple, and from theme forwartl esteemed him much.
Three yeeres after hee fell into his hands, there c.mie another Lord, called Motocjo, who Mnfiiodwrii-
divillelh two daies iourny from the Port, and burned his towiic. Vcita Hed to another towne '™r'„Tc Vtom'
that he had in anotlier sea port. Thus lohn Orliz lost his office and fauour that he h;id with Vata.
him. These people In-iiig worshippers of the diucll, are wont to oiler vp vnto him the lines
and blood of their Indians, or of anv other people thev can come by : and they report,
that when he will haue them doe that sacrifice vnto him, he speaketh with them, and tellcth
them that he is athirst, and willelh them to sacrilice vnto him. lohn Ortiz had notice by the
daniscll that had deliuered him from 5 fire, how her father was determined to sacrifice him f
day folltiwins;, \\\w willed him to ilee to Mocoi;o : for shee knew y he would vse him wel :
for slie heard say, that he had asked for him, and said hee would bee glad to see him: and
because he knew not the way, she went with him halfe a league out of the towne by night,
and set him in the way, I's: returned, because she would not be discoucred. lohn Ortiz tra-
uailcd all that night, and l)y J morning came vnto a Hiiicr, which is in the tcrritoric of .Mo- a Rm-i.
coi;ii : and there he saw two Indians fishing; and because they were in war with the people
of Vcita, and their languages were did'crent, and hee knew not the laguage of Mocoi;o, he
was afraid, because he could not tell them who hee was, nor how hee came thither, nor wa.s
Mv to answer any thing for himselfe, that they would kill him, taking him for cue of the

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townt \\ithiii

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VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. TJie dlseouerie of Florida

Indians of Vcita, and before ihey espied him, he came to the place where they had laid
llicir weapons: & assoone as they saw him, they fled toward the (ownc, and although he
willed the to stay, because he meant to do the no hurt, yet they vndersiood him not, and
ran avsay as fast as cucr they could. And assonc as they came to the towne with great out.
cries, many Indians came forth against him, hnd began to compassc him to shootc at him ■
lohn Orti/. seeing himselfe in so great danger, shcilded himselfe with cerlaine trees, and bciinn
to shreekc out, and eric very loud, and to fell them that he was a Christian, and that he was ttcd
from Vcita, and was come to sec and serue Mocoqo his Lord. It pleased God that at that vcrv
instant there came thither an Indian that could spcakc the language and vnderstood him; and
pacified the rest ; who told them what hee said. Then ran from thence three or fourc Intlian
to beare tiic newes to their Lord : who came foortli a quarter of a league from the towiie
to receiue him ; and was very glad of him. He caused him presently to sweare accordinci
to the customc of the Christians, that hee wouUI not run .iway from him to any other Lonfl
and promised him to entreaie him very well ; and tliat if at any time there came any Chris-
tiatis into that countiie, he would freely let him goe, and giue him leaue to g<ie ti) ilicni-
and likewise (ooke his oth to pcrformc the same according to the Irulian cnstonic. .\li()|it
three yccres after certainc Indians, which were fishing at sea two leagues from the icnvne
brought newes to Moco<;o that they had scene ships: and hee called lohn Ortiz, and u'aiie
him leaue to go his way : who takini; his leaue of him, with all the haste he could came to
the sea, and finding no ships, he thought it t,) be some deceit, and that the Cacique hail
(lone ihe same to learne his mind. So he dwelt with Mocoi;o nine yecre-i, will) small hdpp
ol' seeing any Christians. As>oone as our (iouerndui arriued in Florida, it was kiiowiic |,,
Mo((i(;o, & straightway he signified to lohn Orti/, that Christians were lodged in the tcunc
of Vcita: And he thought he had iested with him, as he had done before, and told liji,,
that bv this time he had forgotten the Christians, and thought of nothing else but to scrm-
him. Rut he assured him that it was so, and gaue him licence to goe \nto them: sayincr
vnto him, that if hee would not doe it, and if the Chrisiinns should goe their >Nav, li(>
should not blame him, for hee had fulfilled that which he had promise<l him. Tiie iov nf
lohn Orti/ was so great, that hee could not beleeue that it was true: notwithstanding In;
gaue him thankcs, and tooke his leaue of him : and .Mo» (n;o gaue him ten'ie or elpiicn
principall Indians to beare him companie: and as thev went to the port where the (Joikt-
noiir was, they met with Balta«ar de Gallegos, as I haue declared before. Assoone as lu-
was come to the campe, the Gouernour commanded to giue him a .suite of apparroll, ami
very good armour, and a faire horse; and en(juireil of him, whether hee had notice of atu
countrie, where there was any gold or siluer: He answered, No, because he neuer went
I'lricOTii JO. ten leagues compasse from the place where he dwell : Hut that ^0. leagues from ihciKc
i'umodiSpiiito dwelt an Indian Lord, which was called Parocossi, to whom Mocoijo and Vcita. with al ijic
s«uio. rest of that coast paied tribute, and that hee jjcraduenture might haue notice of some good

countrie: and that his land was better then that of the sea coast, and more fruitfull ami
plentifull of maiz. Whereof the Ciouernour recciued great contentment : and '■.lid that he
desired no more then to findc victuals, that hee might goe into the mairie l.uul, for ilie land
nf Fhirida, was so large, that in one |)lace or other there could not < hiise but bee >.onie rii li
Coimtrie. The Cacique .Mocofo came to the Port to visit the Cioucrnor and nuidc this
sjieech following.

Kight hie and mightie Lord, I being lesser in mine owne conceit for to obev von, then anv
of those which \ou haue Mider vour command; and greater in desire to doe \oii greater
scrnices, doe appcare before vour LonKhip with so much confidence of recciuing faiionr, m
if in cflect this my good will were manifested vnto you in workes : not for the small serui( c
I did vnto vou touching the Christian which I had in my power, in giuing him frceU his
liberfie, (For I wa* bound to doc it to j)reserue mine honour, and that which I had promised
him:) but because it is the part of great men to vse griiit magnificences: .\nd 1 am per-
iiwaded, that as in bodils pci Icttions. and tonimanding of good people, you doe cxceede all

men

icouerie of Florida,

next adioyning to VirgMa. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 493

men in the world, so likewise you doe in the parts of the mindo, in which you may boast of
the bountie of nature. The faunur which I hope for of your Lordship is, that you would
hold mce for yours, and bethinkc your sclfe to command me any thing, wherein I may doe
you scruice.

The Ciouernour answered him. That although in freeing and sending him the Christian, he
had prcserued his honour and promise, yet he thanked him, and held it in such esteeme, as
it had no comparison ; and that hce would alwaies hold him as his brother, and would fauour
him in all things to the vtmost of his power. Then he commanded a shirt to be giucn him,
and other ;hin<;s, where with the Cacique being verie well contented, tooke his Icauc of him,
and departed to his owne towne.

Chap. X.

How ihcGoucrnoursent the ships to Cuba: and left an hundred men at the Ilauen
do S|)irito Santo, and hiiusclf with the rest of his people went into the maine
land.

FHom the Port dc Spirito Santo where the Gouernour lay, he sent the Alcalde Mayor
liallasar do Callegos with 50. horsemen, and 30. or 40. footemcn to the prouiiice of Para-
cossi, to view the disposition of the couulrie, and cnforme himsclfe of the land farther inward,
and to send him word of such things as he found. Likewise he sent his shipprs backe to the
Hand of Cuba, that they might returne within a certaine time with victuals. Vasqucs Por-
callo dc Figiieroa, which went with the Gouernour as CaptaincGencrall, (whose principall
intent was to send slaiies from Florida, to the Hind of Cuba, where he had his goods and
mines ;) hailing made some inrodcs, and seeinj; no Indians were to be got, because of the
great bo!>s and thicke woodsy were in the Countrie, considering the dis|)osition of the same,
determined to relume to Cuba. And though there was some dilVercnce between him & the
(ioucrnor, whereupon th«y neither dealt nor conuerscd together with good countenance,
vet notwithstanding with louing words he asked him Icaue and departed from him. Baltasar
(Ic (iallegos came to the Paracossi : There came to him 30. Indians from the Cacique, which P''"«'>s«.
was absent from his towne, and one of them made this speech :

I'aracossi, the Lord of this prouince, whose vassals we are, sendeth vs vnto your worship,
(() know wliat it is that you seeke in this his Countrie, and wherein he may doe you
scriiicc.

lialtasar de Cinllegos said vnto him, that hce thanked them very much for their otlcr,
\\illing ihcm to w.Trne their Lord to come to his towne, and that there they would taike and
rcnfirnje their peace and friendship, whicii he much desired. The Indians went their way,
.-.lul returned the ne\t day, and said, that their Lord was ill at ease, and therefore could not
{ i ine, but that they i aine on his behalfe to see what he demanded. He asked them if
tliey knew or had notice of anv rich Countrie where there was gold or siluer. They told
ilicm, they did : and that toward the West, there was a Prouince which was called Cale; and
ihat others that inhabited other Countries had warre with the people of that Countrie, where
ihe most part of the yeere was sommer, and that there was much gold : and that when those
ihcir enemies canie to make warre with them of Cale, these inhabitants of Cale did weare
h;its of fjolil, ill manner of head peeces. Baltasar de Ciallegos, seeing that the Cacique came
not, ihinkiny; all that ihev said was fained, with intent that in the meane time they might set
tl'.iMiiselues in safeiie, fearitig, that if he did let them goe, tiiey would retiirne no more, com-
manded the thirty Indians to be chained, and sent word to the Gouernour, by ei<;ht horse-
men, what had passed : whereof the (iouernour with al that were with him, at the Port de

liiat that which the Indians reported, might
[iplaine I akieran at tne I'ort, with thirtie horsemen, and seuentic foote-
mcn, with prouision for two yeeres, and himsell'e with all the rest marched into the maine
land, and came to the Paracossi, at whosic towne Ballasar de Ciallegos was : and from Pjrjcosii.

mill, "tin* ■■"■'• I". ■-•.». . T,..*i*. V ....V/t.V-. ..v^,.,

Spirito Santo receiucd great comfort, supposinfr,
lie true. Hee left Captaine Calderan at the Port

. p

ilicnce with all his men tooke the way to Cale,

He passed by a little towne called

Acela,

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A swift Riiier.

C.lf,

494 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The dUcounie of Florida

A«i.i. Acela, and came to another, called Tocaste : and from thence hee went before with 30

Another towne. horsemcn, and 50. footemen toward Cale. And passing by a towne, whence the people
were fled, they saw Indians a little from thence in a lake ; to whom the Interpretoiir spake
They came vnto them and gaue them an Indian for a guide: and hee came to a Rjucr
with a great current, and vpon a tree, which was in the midst of it, was made a bridcc,
whereon the men passed: the horses swam ouer by a hawser, that they were puHej
by from the otherside : for one, which they droue in at the first without it, was drowned,
From thence the Goucrnour sent two horsemen to his people that were behind, to make
haste after him ; because the way grew long, and their victuals short. Hee came to
Cale, and found the towne without people. He tooke three Indians, which were spies
and tarried there for his people that came after, which were sore vexed with hunger and cuill
waies, because the Countrie wns very barren of Maiz, low, and full of water, bogs, and thirkc
woods ; and the victuals, which they brought with them from the Port de Spirito Santo, were
spent. Whersoeiier any towne was found, there were some bcetcs, and hee that fame
first gathered them, and sodden with water and salt, did catc them without any other tiiinir
and such as could not get them, gathered the slalkes of Maiz and eate them, wlij^i
because they were young, had no Maiz in them. When they came to the Hiuer whit h
the Goucrnour had passed, they found palmitos vpon low Palmetrecs like thu^c of i\|,.
daluzia. There they met with the two horsemen which the Gouernour sent vnto them, and
they brought newes that in Cale there was plentie of Maiz : at which newes they all rciovccd
Assoone as they came to Cale, the Gouernour commanded them to gather all the Maiz tlmi
was ripe in the field, which was sufficient for three moncths. At the gathering of it tlip Ii,.
dians killed three Christians, and one of them which were taken told the (iouernour that within
scucn dayes iournie, there was a very great Prouince, and picniifull of Maiz, whirl) t,-,,
railed Apalache. And presently hee departed from Cale with 50. horsemen, and (JO, lonte.
men. He left the master of the Campe Luys de Moscoso with all the rest of the pc( nje
there, with charge that hee should not depart thence vntill he had word from him. Ami
because hitherto none had gotten any slaues, the bread that euery one was to eaie, he un.
faine himselfe to beate in a morter made in a jieece of tindier with a pestle, and some . |
them did sift the flower through their shirts of inaile. They baked their bread vpon crrtaiit
tileshares which they set ouer the fire, in such sort as heretofore I haue said thcv \.,
to doe in Cuba. It is so troublesome f<i grind their .Mai/, that there wrre main' tlut
would rather not eate it, then grind it : and did cale the Maiz parched and soJden.

Chap, XI.

How the Gouernour came to Calicpicn, and carrying from thence the Cacique
with him went to Napeluca, wiicic the Indian-; sought to haue taken him from
him, and in an assault many of them wrrc .-i.iine, and taken prisoners.

THe 1 1, dav of August l.i.'Ji). the (iouernour departed from Cale: hee lodged in a linK
town called Ylara, and the ne\t day in another called Polano, and the third daj ai
Vtinama, and came to another towne, which they named the towne of Kuil peace ; bit.uiM
an Indian c.imc in peace, saying, Tliat he was the Cacique, and (hat he with hi>i |k'(,|iIi
would seme the (iouernour, and that if he would set free 28. persons, men and wonuii
which his men had taken the nitjht before, he would command prouision to be brought liim
and would giue him a guide to instruct him in his way: The ('.)uernour commanded tlum
to be set at libcrtie, and to keepe him in sjifegard. The next day in the morning ilicrc
came many Indians, and set thenisi-lues round about the towne ncere to a wnod. Tin
Indian wished them to carrie him ncere ihein ; and that he would "pe.ike snto ihcni, .tihI
assure them, and that they would doe whalsoener hee comtnanded litem. And when he
saw hiinsflfe ncere vnto iheni he brake from ihem, and ran away so swil'ilv from the Ciiri--
fian«, that (here was none that rouM oiii-rlake him, and all of tlieni (led into ihc \m)i ,1,
The Goucrnour commanded to loose a grayhound, which \vas alicadie flcshcd on tlum

Wh;,'

Vtar.i.

V"tJm).
Vtiium.i.

The t.fVtiP r
Lu.ll )>rii.C.

St '

'- ,).'a

liscouei-ie of Florida,

next adioyning to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 495

which passing by many other Indians, caught the counterfait Cacique, which had escaped
from the Christians, and held him till they came to taitc him. From thence the Gouernour
lodged at a towne called Cholupaha : and because it had store of Maiz in it, they named it choiupaha.
Villa farta. Beyond the same there was a Riuer, on which he made a bridge of timber, a Riuer.
and trauelled two daies through a desert. The 17. of August, he came to Caliquen, where tniiqutn.
he was informed of the Prouince of Apalachc: They told him that Pamphilo de Naruaez
had bin there, and that there hee tooke shipping, because hce could find no way to goe
forward : That there was none other towne at al ; but that on both sides was all water. The
whole compaiiic were very sad for these newes; and counselled the Gouernour to goe
backe to the Port dc Spirilo Santo, and to abandon the Countrie of Florida, lest hee should
perish as Naruaez had done: declaring, that if he went forward, he could not rcturne backc
when he would, and that the Indians would gather vp that small quantitie of Maiz which
was left. Whereunto the Gouernour answered, that he would not go backe, till he had
scene with his eies that which they reported : saying, that he could not beleeue it, and
that wee should be put out of doubt before it were long. And he sent to Luys de Moscoso
to come presently from Cale, and tliat he tarried for him here. Luys de Moscoso and many
others thought, that from Apalachc they should rcturne backe; and in Cale they buried their
yron tooles, and diucrs other things. They came to Caliquen with great trouble ; because the
Countrie, which the Gouernour had passed by, was spoiled and destitute of Maiz. After
all the prople were come together, hce commanded a bridge to bee made ouer a Hiuer that a Riuer,
passed ncerc the towne. Hee departed from Caliquen the 10. of September, and carried
the Caciqtie with him. After hce had trauelled three daies, there came Indians peaceably,
to visit their Lord, and eucry day met vs on the way playing vpon (lutes: which is a token
that they vse, tliat men may know that they come in peace. They said, that in our way
before there was a Cacique, whose name was Vzachil, a kinscman of the Cacique of Cali-
quen their Lord, waiting for him with many presents, and they desired the Gouernour that
he would loose the Cacique. IJut he would not, fearing that they would rise, and would
not glue him any guides, & sent them away from day to day with good words. He
trauelled flue dales, he passed by some smal townes, he came to a towne called Napetuca, '''™""""
the 15. day of September. Thither came I i. or I.). Indians, and besought y Gouernor to NipcVuu.
let loose the Cacique of Caliquen their Lord. lie answered them that he held him not in
prison, hut that hee would haue him to accompanie him to V/.achil. The Gouernour had
notice by Fohn Ortiz, that an Indian told him how they determined to gather themselues
together, and come vpon him, and giue him battell, and take away the Cacique from
him. The day that it was agreed vpon, the Gouernour commanded his men to hee in a
rcadines, and that the horsemen should bee readie armed and on hnrsebackc euery one in
his lodging, !)ecause the Indians might not see them, and so more confidently come to the
towne. There came foure hundred Indians in sight of the campe with their bowes and
arrowes, and placed themselues in a wood, and sent two Indians to bid the Gouernour to
deliuer them the Cacique. The Gouernour with sixe footemen leading the Cacique by the
hand, and talking with him, to secure the Indians, went toward the place where they were :
And seeing a (it lime, commanded to sound a trumpet : and presently those that were in
the towne in the hmises, both horse and foot, set vpon the Indians, winch were so suddenly
assaulted, that the greatest care they had was which way they should flee : They killed two
horses ; one was the Goucrnours, and hee was presently horsed againe vpon another.
There were .'{0. or 40. Indians slaine. The rest fled to two very great lakes, that were J"^" '''">' i'"'
somewhat distant the one from the other: There they were swimming, and the Christians
riinnd about them. The calic\iernien and crosscbowmen shot at them from the banke : but
the di>.tance being gr( at and shooting afarre otV, they did them no hurt. The (iouernoiir
commanded that the same night thev should compasse one of the lakes, because thev were
so great, that there were not mO enow to compasse them both : being beset, assoone as
night shut in. the Indians, with determination to runne away, came swimming \erv softly
to the banke ; and to hide themselues, they put a water lillie Ical'e on their heads. The

horsemen

; J ^:

1
■i

■•: !>'

If. i^^iln

' 'ff ■

1 ^ 1)1 ri' 4

';:ll:'%Li!

1 »i4 ?'«!'

A new con-

Two hundred
InUuns takrn.

A R.ufi.

gre-it tu*iip.
Viuhil,

• Ahoborii.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The discouerle of Florida

horsemen nssonne as tliey jK-rcciiicd it to stirre, ran into the water to the horses breasti^
and the Indiana fleil aj;aine into the lake. So (his night passed without any rest on both
sides. lo' n Ortiz jicrswadcd thcni, that seeing thry could not escape, they should yceld
thcmselues to the Goueriiour: which they did, enforced thereunto by the coidncs of the
water ; and one hy one, lico (irsf wliom the cold did first ouercome, cried to lohn Orij^
desiring that thcv would not kill him, for he came to put himselle into the hands of die
(louerncin-. Hv the nioining watch they made an end of yeelding themselues : only l5>
jiriniipall men, being iu'mc honorable and valorous then the rest, resolued rather to die
then to come into lii>' h;u)ils. And the Indians of Parncossi, which were now loosed nut of
ciiaines, went swimniinsi t<i ihein, and pulled them out by the hairc of their heads, ami
they were all put in chaiiu'-i; and ihc next day were diuided among the Christians U,t their
scruice. lici-g thus in capiiuitie, tiny determined to rebcll; and gauc in charge to an
Indian, which was inlcrpntour, and held to be valiant, that assoonc as the Gouernour dj,|
come to speak with liini, hee should cast his hands about his necke, and choke him: \Vli,i
whr- he saw ojipurtuniiic, laid liaiuls on the (loucrnour, and before he cast his hands about
his necke, he g.me him such a blow on the nostrils, that hee made them gush out wji),
blood, and presently all the rest did rise. lie that could get any weapons at hand, or the
handle wherewith he did grind the Maiz, sought to kill his master, or the first hce met
l)efore him : and hee that could get a lance or sword at hand, bestirred himsclfe in such
sort with it, as though he had vsed it all his life lime. One Indian in the market plnce en-
closed betweenc 1.^. or iJO. footemen, made a way like a bull with a sword in his hand, tj||
certaine halbardiers of the Ciouernour came, which killed him. Another gal vp with a luncc
to a loft made of canes, which they build to keepe their Maiz iti, whi( h ihey call a Har-
bacoa, and there hee made such a noise, as though lenne men had been there dcfendjnir
the doore : they slew him with a partisan. The Indians were in all aljout two hundred mrn,
Tliev were all subdued. And some of the youngest the (Jouernour gauc to them wlii( I,
had good chaines, and were carefull to lof)ke to them that they gat not awav. Al the ri«t
he commanded to be |)ut to ileath, being tied to a slake in the midst of ihe market plate
and the Indians of tiie Paractjssi did shoote them to death.

Chap. Xn.

How the Gouernour came to Ajinln he, auti was informed, that witliin the land,

tliere was iniiih gold.

THe Gouernour departed fron> Napetuca the '2.'J. of Se|)lember: he hxlged by a Wnw,
where two Indians broui;ht him a buck from the C.ui(|ue of \'zachil. The next day In
p.i.ssed by a great towne called Hapaluva ; ai'd h.dged al \'zachil, and fcund no people in it,
because they durst not tarrie lor the notice ihe Indians had of the slaughter of N.ipeiiic.i,
He found in tliar towne great store of Maiz, Fronch beanes, and * pompions, which U ilicn
foodc, and tlia; wherewith the t'hri-lians llierc siisiuined thcmselues. The .Maiz is like-
course millet, and the pompions are belter and more sauorie ;h.iii tho.se of Spaiiie. Fn m
thence the (iouerni'iir sent two Capi.iiiKs each a sundry wav (o seeke the Indians, 'j'licv
tooke an hun<lre<l men and wnincn : of which aswel there as in other places where tlicv
made any inrodes, the Captaine ciio^e one or two for the (iontTiiour, and diuided the rc»t
to himsclfe, and ill' >e that went willi liim. fhcN led the^e Indians in chaines with vrmi
("liars ahoit ihiir iicckes: and llu-v m rued In Carrie their slulle, and to grind ilieir M.ii/,
and for liilicr scriiiccs thai sill h (apliues ci. old d<ic. .'^oineiimc". it h.ippciicd lli.il going !( r
wood or .Maiz uiih tluin, thev killed liie Christian that led them, and ran away with iho
chaine: otaers (iled their i li :i.ies bv night with a peece id" stone, whercwiih tlic\ (in
them, and ssr ii in su-ul of \r(.ii. 'liin^c tji.il were perceiiied paid fur ihenisehio, and
for the rest, bc< ui«<- t'uy slioiild not dare lo doe ihe like aiKiilicr lime The womi n a <l
voung boves, when tinv wire once an lininlrcd Icitmu's Iroin ihtir ("iimlric, ai.d had fir-
gotten things, ihcy let goe loose, .ind so ihey scrucd ; ai.d in a \cry -hort -\y.uv l\:C\

\iukrsio(.d

'scotierle of Florida,

-> the horses breasts,
out any rest on both
c, they should yceld
y the coldncs of the
, cried to lohn Ortiz
to the hands of the
hemselues: only 12.
•csolued rather to die
e now loosed nut df
! of their heads, ami
e Christians lor their
pane in charge to an
as the Gouernour did
nd choke him ; Wlio,
; cast his hands about
2 them Rush out with
;ai)ons at hand, or ilu-
, or the lirst hoc met
irred Ininselfe in such

the market place cn-
sword in his hand, till
icr ^at vp with a lance
\vhi( h they rail a 15ar-
I l)een there del'cniliiii;
out two hundred inrn.
r fjauc to them wliidi
lot awav. Al the n-t

ol the market place

t witliin the land,

he lotli^cd by a iruur,

hil. Tli»" "I'^^t ''•')■ '"
I found no peopK- in ii,

slauuiiter of Napctur.i.
ompions, which !■. tlitu
lues. The Mai/, is like
those of Spaine. Vt> m

U- the Indians. Tliey
ilher places wlu-re tlu v
ur, and diiiided the rot
ins in ilu'.ines with \ron
and It' jjriiul their M.ii/,
.ippiiu'd tiiat S"'ii;i ''^

;,iul ran a\>av with llu-
.. wlicrt-wab tlu'\ I 111
i.iiil for tlicniselno, ami
• lime. fhe wonu n a il

C.nntric, ai.d liad !> i-

i \crv -bori sjiace tl:C\
\ iiih r-li'i i|

next adioyning to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 497

vnderstood the language of the Christians. From Vzachil the Gouernour departed toward
Apalache, and in two ilaies ioiirnie, hee came to a towne called Axille, and from thence A>iiit.
forward the Indiana were carelesse, because they had as yet no notice of the Christians.
The next day in the morning, the first of October, he departed from thence, and com-,
manded a bridge to bee made ouer a Riuer which hee was to passe. The deepe of the a Riuer.
Riuer where the bridge was made, was a stones cast, and forward a crossebow shot the
water came to the waste; and the wood, whereby the Indians came to see if they could
defend the passage, and disturbe those which made the bridge, was very hie and thicke.
The crossebow men so bestirred themselucs that they made them giue back : and certain
plancks were cast into the Riuer, whereon the men passed, which made good the passage.
The Gouernor passed vpo Wednesday, which was S. Francis his day, and lodged at a towne
which was called Vitachuco, subiect to Apainche : he found it burning ; for the Indians had set vimiiuco.
it on (ire. From thence forward the countrie was much inhabited, and had great store of
Maiz. Hee passed by many granges like hamlets. On Sunday the 25. of October, he O""!"' «•
came to a towne, which is called Vzcia, and vpon Tuesday to Anaica Apalache, where the Vifit.
Lord of all that Countrie and Prouince was resident : in which towne the Campemaster, x^^^* """
whose office it is to quarter out, and lodge men, did lodge all the companie round about
within a league, and halfe a league of it. There were other townes, where was great store
of Maiz, Pompions, French Beanes, and Plummcs of the Countrie, which are better then
those of Spaine, and they grow in the fields without planting. The victuals that were
thought necessarie to passe the winter, were gathered from these townes to Anaica
Apalache. The Gouernour was informed, that the sea was ten leagues from thence. Hee ApiiMhe
presently sent a Captainc thither with- horsemen and footemen : And sixe leagues on the Jejg"", 0° ,i,e
way, he found a towne, which was named Ochete, and so came to the s^a; and found a «'•
great tree felled, and cut into peoccs, with stakes set vp like mangers, and saw the skulles The'iei.
of horses. Hee returned with this ncwes. And that was held for certaine, which was
reported of Painphilo de Naniaez, that there hee had builded the barkes wherewith he went
out of the land of Florida, and was cast away at Sea. Presently the Gouernour sent lohn
Danusco with 30. horsemen to the port de Spiritu Santo, where Calderan was, with order,
that they should abandon the port, and all of them come to Apalache. Hee departed on
Saturday the 17. of Noueniber. In Vzarhil and other townes that stood in the way he
found great store of people alreadie carelesse. Hee would take none of the Indians, for
not hindring himselfe, because it behooucd him to giue them no leasure to gather them-
selucs together. He pa,ssed through the townes by night, and rested without the townes three
or foure houres. In tenne dales he came to the Port de Spirito Santo. He carried with him The Port de
'Hd. Indian women, which he tooke in Ytara, and Potano, necre vnto Cale, and sent them spimu Simo
to Donna Isabella in the two camuels, which hee sent from the Port de Spirito S.mto toiomnicfrom
Cuba. And he carried all the footemen in the brigandincs, and coasting along the shore, Ap«iKhe.
came to Apalache. And Calderan with the horsemen, and some cros.sc-bowmen on foote
went by land ; and in some places the Indians set vpon him, and wounded some of his men.
\«soone .as he came to Apalache ; presently the (Jouernour sent sawed plankes and spikes
to the sea-side, wherewith was made a piragna or barke, wherein were embarked 30. men
well armed ; which went out of the Bay to the Sea, looking for the brigandines. Sometimes
they fought with the Indians, which passed along the harbour in their canoes. Vpon Saturday
the 29. of Noi»ember, there came an Indian through the Watch vndi.scouered, and set the towne Nouem. 19
on (ire, and with the great wind that blew, two parts of it were consumed in a short time.
On Sunday ihe *iS. of December came lohn Danusco with the brigandines. The Gouernour D««nv»8,
•icnl Francisci) Maldonado a Captainc of footemen with 50. men to discoucr the coast West-
ward, and to seeke some Port, because he had determined to go by land, and discouer y
|iart. That day there went out eight horsemen by commandement of the Gouernor into the
licld, two leagues about the towne to seeke Indians : for they were now so emboldened,
that within two crossebow shot of y ramp, they catne and slew men. They found two men
and a woman gathering French Beanes: the men, though they might haue fled, vet becau.se
VOL. V. .'< S thev

ill

1 1

' r

i.«-\.

■ ■ '"-fl'' I'll!

•' I

I J

•|

•' H'.l,

n t

Ochui 60.
Wagurs Wtll
Apalachc.

Chap. II.

AI'uiuluKtof
loU.

498 VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, The discouerie of Florida

they would not leauc tlie womnn, which w.m one of their wines, they resolued to die fighiini; •
and berore ihey were slaine, they wounded three horses, whereor one died within a few
daies after. Caldcran going with his men by the Sea-coast, from a wood that was necre the
place, the Indians set vpon him, and made him forsake his way, and many of them that went
with him forsooko some necessaric victuals, which they carried with them. Three or foure
daies after the limited time giuen by the Gourrnour to Maldonado for his going and com-
ming, being nireadic determined and resolucd, if within eight daies he did not come to
tarrie no longer for him, he came, and brought an Indian from a Prouincc, which wasialicil
of Ochus, sixtie leagues Westward from Apalache ; where he had found a good Port of n^^^^\
depth and defense against weather. And because the Gouernor hoped to find a good countrie
forward, he was very well contented. And he sent Maldonado for virtunU to Ilauana, uiih
order, that he should tarrie for him at the Port of Ochus, which hec had discouercd, for
hee would goe sccke it by land : and if he should chance to stay, and not come thither that
summer, that then hec should returne to Haiiaiia, and should come againe the next sumnicr
after, and f.irrie for him at that port : for hec "aid hee would doe none other thing but gdc
to sceke Ochus. Francisco \fahlon.tdo departed, and in his place for Captaine of the fooic.
men remained lohn de Guzman. " Of those Indians which were taken in Napctur.i, the
treasurer lohn (Jaytan had a young man, which said, that he was not of that Countrie, bm
of another farre oil' toward the Sunrising, and that it was long since he had traiieilcd tn
see Countries ; and that his Countrie was called Yupaha, and that a woman did gouernc it
and that the lowne where she was resident wasof a wonderfull bignesse, and that many I.nrds
round about were tributaries to her : and some gauc her clothes, and others gold in al)iin-
dance: and hee told, how it was taken out of the mines, and was moultcn and refined, .n if
hee had scene it done, or the diuel hail taught it him." So that all those which knew anv
thing concerning the same, said that it was impossible to giue so good a relation, wiih< lii
hauing scene it : And all of them, as if they had scene it, by the signes that he gauc, lip.
Iceucd all that he said to be true.

Chap. XIII.
How the Goiiernour departed from Apalarhe to seeke Yupaha, and of that which

happened vnto him.

ON Wedensday the third of March, of theyecre 1.^40. the Gouernor de|Kirted from Aiiain
Apalache to sceke Yupaha. He commanded his men to goe prnuided with Maiz for sixiic
leagues of desert. The horsemen carried their Maiz on their horses, and the (ootemen ai
their sides : because the Indians that were for seruice, with their miserable life that thrv
lead that winter, being naked and in chaines, died for the most part. Within foure d.iicv
A|rfitRiu«r. iournic they came to a great Hiuer: and they made a piragua or ferric bote, and l)ecniisc o(
the great current, they made a cable with chaines, which they fastened on both sides of thr
Hiuer ; and the ferric bote went along by it ; and the horses swam ouer, l)eing drawno with
capstans. Hauing passed the Hiuer, in a day and an haife, they came to a towne railed
Capachiqui. Vpon P'riday, the 1 1, of March, they found Indians in armes. The nc\i dnv
flue Christians tveiit to seeke morters, which the Indians haue to beate their Maix, and ihfv
went to ccrtaine houses on the backside of the Campe enuironed with a woe d : And within
the wood were many Indians which came to spie vs; of the which came other fine aiul »(!
vpon vs. One of the Christians came running away, giuing an alarme vnto the Campi
Those which were most rcadie answered the alarme. They found one Christian dead, and
three sore wounded. The Indians fled vnto a lake adioyning necre a very thicke w mt!.
where the hordes could not enter. The (Jouernour departed from Capachiqui, and piisscd
througii a desert. On Wednestlay the 21. of the moneth he came to a towne called Toalli
And (mm thence forward there was a difference in the houses. For tho<.e which were behind
vs were thafclied with straw, and those of Toalli were couered with reeds, in manner of tiles.
These houses arc verie cleanly. Some of them had walles daubed with clay, which shewed like
a mudwall. In all the cold countrie the Indians haue euery one a house for the winter

daiibtil

March tht 3
• J 40.

C«p3chi<]ui.

ToiUi.

couerit of Florida,

lued to die fighting :

died within a few
d that was iiecre the
ny of them that went
cm. Three or fourc
his* going and com-
he did not come to
ncc, which was called
1 a good Port of "rood
s find a good coiintrie
lual'* to Hauana, with
•c had discduered, for

not come thither that
line the next summer
p other thing but goc
Captainc of the footc-
alcen in Najictura, the

(if that Countric, but
•c he had trauelled to
Aoman did goucrnc it :
<e, and that many Lords
A other* gold in ahun-
niltcn and refined, as if

those which knew any
ood a relation, wiihriit
igncs that he gaiie, lie-

and of that which

jor dejiarlcd from Anaio
led with Mai/, for sixiic
,cs and the lootpmeii at
miserable life that ihry
art Within fourc dues
rrie bote, and liecau-e n(
ncd on both sides ol the
oner, l>eing drawne «ith
came to a towne calUd
in armes. The next d.iy
pate their Mai?., ami thev
vith a wo( d : And within
I came other fine amlxi
, alarme vnto the Vm\n-
1 one Chri-tian dcail, an.l
neere a verv thicke w ,od,
m Capachiqtii, an<i p^^''^
le to a towne called lo;illi
or tho^e which were bchiiul
ih reeds, in manner of ties,
with clay, which shewed like

,nc a house for the winter

' daiioc'l

next adioyning to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUEUIES. 499

daubed with clay within and without, and the doore is very little : they shut it by night, and
make fire within ; so that they are in it as warme as in a stoue : and so it continueth all
night that they need not clothes ; and besides these, they banc others for summer ; and their
kitchins neere them, where they make fire and bake their bread ; and they haue barbacoas
wherein they keepe their Maiz ; which is an house set vp in the aire vpon foure stakes,
boorded about like a chamber, and the floorc of it is of rane hurdles. The diffcrece which
Lords or principall mens houses haue from the rest, besides they be greater, is, that they
haue great galleries in their fronts, and vnder them seatcs made of canes in manner of
benches : and round about them they haue many lofts, wherein they lay vp that which the
Indians doc giue them for tribute, which is Maiz, Decres skins, and mantles of the Countrie,
which are like blankets : they make them of the inner rinde of the barkes of trees, and
some of a kind ofgras.se like vnto nettles, which being beaten, is like vnto flaxe. The a gm>c i>i.«
women couer thcmselues with these mantles ; they put one about them from the wast downe- ""'■
ward ; and another oner their shoulder, with their right arme out, like vnto the Egyptians.
The men wearc but one mantle vpon their shoulders after the same manner : and haue their
secrets hid with a Deeresskin, made like a linen breech, which was wont to be vsed in .Spaine.
The skins are well corried, and they giue them what colour they list, so perfect, that if it be Enctiientco-
red, it seemcth a very fine cloath in grainc, and the blacke is most line : and of the same'"""-
leather they make shoocs ; and they die their mantles in the same colours. The Gouernour
departed from Toalli the 24. of March : he came on Thursday at euening to a small Riucr, a imaii Riutr.
wiicro a bridge was made whereon the jjcople ])assed, and Benit Fernandez a Portugall fell
of!' fro. II it, and w.ts drowned. Assoone as (he Gouernour had passed the Riucr, a little dis-
tance thence he found a towne called Achcse. The Indians had no notice of the Christians ; Acht»«.
they leaped into a Riuer: some men and women were taken; among which was one that
vndcrstodd the youth which guided the Gouernour to Yupaha : whereby that which he had
reported was more confirmed. For they had passed through Countries of diners languages,
and some which he vndcrstood not. The CJoucrnour sent by one of the Indians that were
taken to call the Cacique, which was on the other side of the Riuer, Hee came and made this
speech following :

Right high, right mightie, and excellent Lord, those things which seldome happen doe
cause admiration. What then may the sight of your Lordship, and your people doe to mee
and mine, whom we neuer saw ? especially being mounted on such fierce beasts as your
horses are, entring with such violence and fnrie into my Countrie, without my knowledge of
your comming. It was a tiling so strange, and caused such feare and terrour in our mindes,
that it was not in our power to stay and receiue your Lordship with the solemnitie due to so
high and renowned a Prince, as your Lonlship is. And trusting in your greatnesse and sin-
gular vertues, I doe not onely hope to be freed from blame, but also to receiue fauours : and
the first which I demand of your Lordship is, that you will vse me, my Countrie, and sub-
iccts as your owne : and the second, that you will tell mee who you are, and whence you
come, and whither you goe, and what vou seeke, that I the better may serue you therein.

The CJouernour answered him, that nee thanked him as much for his o(Ti?r and good will,
as if hee had receiued it, and as if hee had ofTcred him a great treasure: and told him that
he was the sonne of the Sun, and came from those parts where he dwelt, and trauelled
through that Countrie, and sought the greatest Lord, and richest Prouince that was in it. The
Cacique told him ; that farther forward dwelt a great LonI, and that his dominion was called
Ocute. He gaue hini a guide, and an inferpretour for that Prouince. The Gouernour com-
manded his Indians to bee set free, and trauelled through his Countrie vp a Riuer very well a Riutr very
inhabited, lie departcil from his towne the first of April!; and left a very high crosse of*'"'"^*'''""''
\Vo(hI set vp in the middesl of the market place : and because the time gaue no more leasure,
hee declared to him onely, that that crosse was a memorie of ^ same, whereon Christ, which
was Gotl and man, and created the heauens and the earth, snlT'ered for our saluation : there-
fore he exhorted them that they should reuerence it : and they made .shew as though they
would doe so. The fourth of Aprill the Gouernour passed by a towne called Altamaca, andAitimia.

3S^ the

' 1,

I ■;; M.! fkm^v

,.«.

i . , '.

^ '' :' ' 'ii

Cfuaqui.
Ptiiifa.

BOO VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. The discoutrie qf Florida,

Onin. the 10. of the moneth he came to fX-ute. The Cacique sent him two thousand Indiann with

H°ni" d"" •i'' " P""^**"'- '" ^''» "'''•"y conicH, and partridgCN, bread of Maiz, two hens, and many dogs;
<ni, d(|t(. ^^j^j^ij among the Christian* were esteemed as if they had been fat wethers, because of the
great want of flesh meatc and salt, and hereof in many places, and many times was great
need ; and they were so scarsc, that if a man fell sicite, there was nothing to cherish him
withall : and with a t<i(-knc»*e, that in another ])lare easilic might haue been remedied, he
consumed away till nothing but skinne and bones were left : and they died of pure weaknes
Hiinie of them saying, If I had a slice of mcate, or a few comes of salt, I should nut dj,.'
The Indians want no fleshmeat : lor they kill with their arrowes many deere, hennc, conies,
and other wild fowie : for they are very cunning at it : which skill the Christians had not •
and though they had it, they had no leasure to vsc it : for the most of the time they spent
in trauell, and durst not presume to straggle aside. And because they were thus scanted of
flesh, when sixe hundred men that went with Soto, came to any towne, and found 30. or 4U.
dogs, he that could get one and kill it, thought hiinselfe no small man : and he that killed
it, and gaue not his Captnine one quarter, if he knew it, he frowned on him, and made him
fceie it, in the watches, or in any other matter of labour that was offered, wherein hee might
doc him a diopleasure. On Monday the 12. of Aprill, the Gouernour departed from Oriitp;
The Cacique gaue him two hundred Tamenes, to wit, Indians to carric burdens : hee passed
through a towne, the Lord whereof was named Cofaqui, and came to a prouince of an Indian
Lord, called Patofa, who, because he was in peace with the Lord of Ocute, and with the
other bordering Lords, had many daies before notice of the Gouernour, and desired to see
him : He ramc to visit him, and made this speech following.

Nf ightie Lord, now with gooil reason I will craue of fortune to requite this my so great
prosperitie with some sniall aduersitie ; and I will coiint my selfc vcrie rich, seeing I hanc
obtained that, which in this world I most desired, which is, to sec, and bee able to doe your
I^)rdship some scniice. And although the tongue bee the image of thai which \f, 1 1 thn
heart, and that the contentment which I fecle in my heart I cannot dissemble, yet U it nnt
sufficient wholly to manifest the same. Where did this yourCountrie, which I doe go:iernc,
dcserue to be visited of so soucraignr, and so excellent a Prince, whom all the rest of the
world ought to obey and serue ? And those which inhabit it being so base, what shall hrr
the issue of such happines, if their memorie doe not represent vnto them some aduersitie
that may betide them, according to the onler of fortune ? If from this day forward we mav
be capable of this benefit, that your Lordship will hold vs for your owne, we cannot faile
to be faudured and maintained in true iustice and reason, and to haue the name of men.
For such as are void of reason and iustice, may bee compared to brute beasts. For mine
owne part, from my very heart with reucrence due to such a Prinn*. I offer my selfe vnto
your Lord.ship, & beseech you ; that in reward of this my true gotu will, you wilt vourh-
safe to make vse of mine owne person, my Countrie, and ,subiects.

The Gouernour answered him, that his offers and good wil declared by the effect, did
highly please him, whereof he would alwnies be mindfull to honour and fauour him as hij
brother. This Countrie, from the first peaceable Cacique, vnto the Prouince of Patofa,
which were fiftie leagues, is a fat Countrie, beautifull, and very fruitfull, and very well wa-
Icrcd, and full of good Riuers. And from thence to the Port de Spirito Santo, where vee
first ariiicd in the land of Florida, (which may bee .SfiO. leagues little more or lesse) is a
barren land, and the most of it groues of wild Pine-trees, low and full of lakes, and in some
places very hie and thicke groues, whither the Indians that were in armes fled, so that no
man could find them, neither could any horses enter into them. Which was an inconue-
niencc to the Christians, in regard of the victuals which they found conueied away ; and of
the trouble which they had ui seeking of Indians to bee their guides.

An f irflltni
C'ountnc for 50.
Iej2uct.

,i'l

III

Chap.

.'ft

. 1;

1 r

3„i

xouerie qf Florida,

nwanA Indians with
I, and many do{;s:
lerH, becauM of the
ny time* was great
inij to chemh him
been remedied, he
led or pure weulcnes
t, I should not die.
cere, hcnne'», conirx,
Christians had nut :
the time they spent
were thus scanted of
and found 30. or 40.
I : and he that killed
n him, and made him
d, wherein hee migln
departed from Ocutp :
burdens : hce passed
prouince of an Indian
Ocute, and with the
lur, and desired to see

quite this my so great
rie rich, seeing 1 hauc
d bee able to doe your
of that which i* i \ thn
dissemble, yet !■* it not
r, which I doe }?" lemc,
horn all the rest of the
base, what shall bcc
) them some aduersiiie
his day forward we may
• ownc, we cannot faile
haue the name of men.
rute beasts. For mine
,». 1 offer my selfe vnto
,a will, you will vouch-

riared by the effect, did
ir and fauour him as his
the Prouince of Patofa,
litfull. and very well wa-
Spirito Santo, where wee
little more or lesse) is a
full of lakes, and in some
n armes fled, so that no
Which was an inconue-
id conueicd away ; and of
es.

Chap.

next (uUoi/ning to Virginia, TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. |§|

Chap. XIIII.

How the Gouernoiir departed from the Prouince of Patofa, and went thrmi);?* a
desert, where he and all hii men fell into great distresse, and extreme misene.

IN the towne of Patofa the youth, which the Oouernour carried with him for an interpre*
tour and a guide, bcf;an to fome at the mouth, and tumble on the ground, as one possessed
with the diucll : They said a Gospell ouer him ; and the fit left him. And he said, that foure
daies iournie from thence toward the Sunnc riling, was the prouince that he spake of. The
Indians of Patofa said, that toward that part they knew no habitation ; but that toward the
Northwest, they knew a Prouince which was called Cocja, a verie plentifull countrie, which
had very ^reat townes in it. The Cacique told the Goiiernour, that if he would go thither,
he would glue him guides and Indians for burdens; and if he would goe whither the youth
spake of, that he would likewise giue him those tbat he needed : and so with louing word.s
and oflifrs of coi rtcsie, they tooke their lenues the one of the other. Hee gaue him seuen
hundred Indians to beare burdens. He tuoke Maiz for foure daies iournie. Hee trauelled
•ixe daies by a path which grew narrow more and more, till it was lost altogether : He went
where the youth did lead him, and passed two Kiucrs which were waded : each of them was X*"""***''
two crossebow.shot ouer : the water came to the stirrops, and had so great a current, that it
was needlull for the horsemen to stand one before another, that the footemen might passe
aboiie them leaning vnto them. He came to another Hiucr of a greater current and largenes, rII,"','!" *"""
which was passed with more trouble, because the horses did swim at the comming out about
a lances length. Hauing passed this Kiuer, the Gouernor came to a groue of pinetrees, and
Ihreatned the youth, and made as though hee would haue cast him to the dog<>es, because
he h.-id told him a lie, snyin<!, >t wns but foure daies iournie, and they had trauelled nine, Nin«d>ie<
and euery day 7. or 8. leagues, and the men by this time wore growne wearie and weake, """""
and the horses leane through the great scanting of the Maiz. The youth said, that hee knew
not where hee was. It saued him that he was not cast to the doggcs, that there was neuer
another whom lohn Ortiz did vnderstand. The (loucrnour with them two, and with some
horsemen and footemen, leaning the Campe in a grouc of pinetrees, trauelled that day 5.
or 6. leagues to seek a way, and returned at night very comfortlesse, and without finding
any signe of way or towne. The next day there were sundrie opinions deliuered, whether
they should goe barke, or what they should doc: and because backward the Countrie whereby
they had p.isMed was greatly spoiled and destitute of Maiz, and that which they brought
%vith them was spent, and the men wore very weake, and the horses likewise, they doubted
much whether they might come to any place where they might helpe thcmselues. And
besides this, they were of opinion, that going in that sort out of order, that any Indians
would presume to set vpon them, so that with hunger, or with warre, they could not escape.
The Gouernour determined to send horsemen from thence euery way to seeke habitation :
and the next day he sent foure Captaincs, euery one a sundrie way with eight horsemen.
At night they came againe, leading their horses, or driuing them with a sticke before ; for
they were so wearie, that they nuld not lead them; neither found they any way nor signe
of habitation. The next day, the Gouernour sent other foure with as many horsemen that
could swim, to passe the Ose and Kiuers which they should find, and they had choice horses
the best that were in the Campt-. The Captaines were Baltasar de Gallegos, which went vp
the Riuer ; and lohn Danusco, downe the Hiuer: Alfonso Komo, and lohn Rodriguez Lobillo
went into the inwani parts of the land. The Gouernour brought with him into Florida thir- Thr jrtii in-
teene sowc.s, and hat! by this time three hundred swine: lie commanded euery man should ""«""»'"•■
hauc halff a pound of hogs (jesh euery day : and this hee did three or foure daies after the
Mai/ was all spent. With (his small quantitic of flesh, and some sixlden hearbs, with much
trouble the people were sustained. The Gouernour dismissed ^ Indians of Patofa, because
hee had no focnl to giue them ; who desiring to accompaniennd seme the Christians in their
neccsititie, making shew that it gricued them very much to returne, vntill they had left them

i:.

!•

,1 i!

Aymiy.

An Indian htirn<
fit for hit U\H'
hood*

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS, The diieouerie qf Florida,

in a peopled Cnimlrir, rrliirnrd to their nwne hume. lohn Danimcn rame nn Sunday bic
in the eucning, and hroii;;ht newei4 that he had found a little towne 12. or la. leagucN from
thence : he brought a woman and a boy that he tooke there. With hi^ comming and with
Ihodc newes, the (Jouernour and all the rest wore no glad, that they seemed at that imtiant
to haue returned from death to life, Vpon Monday, thetwentie »\\e of Aprill, the (iouern-
our departed to goe to the tnwne, which wa« ralle<l Aymay ; and the Chri^tianM named it
the towne of Reliefe. He left where the Camp had lien at the fnote of a I'inetree n lottrr
buried, and leltem carued in the barkc of the pine, the contents whereof wai thiit : Dig here
at the foot of thi« pine, & you »hal find a letter. And lhi<» he did, berauie when the Cap.
taines came, which were nent to iteeke Home habitation, they might nee the letter, and know
what wan become of the (inuernour, and which way he wa« gone. There was no other way
to the town, but the marker that lohn Daiuisro left made vpon the ireen. The Gouernmir
with Home of them that had the be^t hor^eM came to it on the Monday : And all the rctt in-
forcing themselues the best they could, some of them lodged within two leaguet* of t||(.
towne, dome within three and foure, cuery one a<« he wan able to iroe, and hin Hircnglh •irrii-
ed him. There was found in the towne a siorchoiHc full of the flowre of parched Mai/;
and some Maiz, which was distributed by allowance. Here were foure Indians taken, and
none of them would confesfie any other thing, but that they knew of none other hahiia.
tioii. The (jouernour commanded one of them to be burned ; 8c preKcnily .inolher confeNscd,
that two daies iournie from thence, there was a Prouince that was called Cutifa-Chiqui.
Vpon Wednesday came the Captaines Raltasardc GallegoA, Alfonso Homo, and lohn H(Hiri.
guez Lobillo: for they had found the letter, and followed the way which the Gouernour hail
taken toward the towne. Two men of lohn Hodriguex companie were lost, because their
horses tired : the CJouernour checked him \ery sore for leaning ihein behind, and seiii t.i
Cutifj-chi^ui. sccke them ; and aswoone as they came, he departed toward Cutifa Chiqui. In the way
three Indians were taken, which said, that the I.adieof that C«untrie had notice alreadie iil'
the Christians, and staled for ihcm in a towne of hers. The (Jouernour sent by one ot tliciii
to offer her his friendship, and to aduerlisc her how lice was comming thither. The (Joiu'rn-
our came vnto the towne : and presently there canif Hurc canoes to him ; in one of them
came a sister of the Ladie, and npprochiiig to the (inuernour she said these words :

Excellent Lonl, my sister sendeth vnto you bv nie to kisse your Lordships hands, and tn
signille vnto you, that the cause why she came not in person, is, that she thinketh to dii
you greater seruice staying behind, as "he doth, giuing order, that with all speed, al her
canoes be readie, that your Lordship may passe the Kiucr, and take your rest, which shall
bee presentlie performed.

The Gouernour gauc her thankes, and she returned to the other side of the Riuer. Within
a little while the Ladie came out of the towne in a Chaire, whereon certaine of the prinripalj
Indians brought her to the Riuer. .She entred into a barge, which had the sterne lilted
ouer, and on the floore her mat readie laied with two cushions vix't it one vpon another,
where she sate her downe ; and with hrr came her principall Indians in other barges, whii h
did wait vpon her. .She went to the place where the Gouernor wa.s, and at her comming <<lic
made this speech following :

Excellent Lord, I wish this comming of your Lordship into these your Countries, to he
most happie : although my power be not answerable to my wil, and my seniires be not ai-
cording to my desire, nor such as so high a Prince, as your Lordship, deseruelh ; yet sime
the good will is rather to be accepted, then all the treasures of the world, that without it ;irf
ofl'ercd, with most vnfaileable and manifest alFection, I olTer you my perum, land.s, and sub-
iecis, and this small seruice.

.And therewithal she presented vnto him great store of clothes of the Countrie, whi< h
shce brought in other canoes ; to wit, mantles and skiniics ; and tooke from her owne neike
a great cordon of pcrles, and cast it about the necke of the Gouernour, entertaining him
with very gracious spree hes ol loue and courtesie, and commanded canoes to be brought
thither, wherein the Gouernour and his people passed the Riuer. Assoone as hcc was lodged

A f fPit corjon
of p«rlri.
Thev p^uc the
Riuf'r.
Cutift-Chi^ui.

Ill

touerie qf Florida,

ne on Sunday late
r 1-i. IcugucM Trom
:oniminR and with
mrd at that imttant
April!, the (iouern-
[^hriMiann named ii

a I'inelree a lettrr
was thin : Dig here
auic when the Cap-
the letter, and know
re was no other way
en. The Gouprnoiir
And all the rcMt in-

two IcagucH of the
id hix Hlrcnpth wrw-
•c of parched Mai/,;
' Indians taken, nnd
■ none other hal)iia-
lly another confeMcd,
called Cutifa-Chiqui.
imo, and lohn HiHlri-
[•h the Gouernour had
re l«wt, because ihcir

behind, and sent t.i
1 Chiqiii. 1" «he wav
had notice alreadie nl'
ir sent by one of llicm
; thither. The Goiicm-
him ; in one of them
d these words ;
)rdships hands, and lo
lat she thinketh to do

with all speed, a! hor

your rest, which shall

lie of the Uiuer. NViihiii

rtainc of the prinrinali

hail the Sterne tilted

it one vpon another,
■i in other barRes. whith
and at her commini; >hc

your Countries, to Iio

1 my scniices be not ai-
|), deserueth ; yet simo
(vorld, that without it arc
y person, lands, and siib-

of the Countrie, whith
)kc from her owne ncikc
rnour, entertaining him
rd canoes to be brmighi
jsoonc as hcc was lodged

next adioymng to nrgMit. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISC0UERIE8. 503

in the towne, ihe tent hiti\ *nother present of many hens. Thi« Cmintrie was seric plea-
sant, far, and hath goodly mieadows by theKiiiers. Their wnod« are thin, and ful of walnut WMnui rwi.
trees and Mulberric trees. Ihey said the sea was two dales iournie from thence Within a ."^"]JjJ['/ '""
league, and halfc a league about this towne, were great townes dispeopled, and tjuergrowne iL"..! ix,.
with gras»e ; which shewed, that they had been long without inhabitants. The Indians said, ■•"•• """"'• °*
that two yeere before thcr* was a plague in that Countrie, and that they remooiied to other
townes. There was in thertr storehouses great quantitie of clothes, mantles of yarnc made M.nii«nfih»
of the barkes of trees, and others made of feathers, white, greene, red, and yellow, very M,V;u;Vn',';:
line after their vse, and profitable for winter. There were also many Decrcs skinnes, with ii..,.,
many compartimcnis traced in them, and some of them made into hose, stockings, and
shooes. And the Ladle />«Tcciuing, that the Christians esteemed the perles, aduised the
Gouernour to send to »caft">ccrtaine graues that were in that towne, and that hec >hould
find many : and that if hr would send to the dispeopled townes, hee might load all his
horses. They sought th« i^raues of that towne, and there found fourcteene rooues of perlos, Thr« hunjud
and little babies and birds made of them. The people were hrowne, well made, and well """'"*" ,
proportioned, and more ciuill then any others that were scene in all the Countrie ol l<lorid:i, fm.nJ.
and all of them went shod and clothed. The youth told the Gouernour, that hee began now
to enter into the land which he spake of: and some credit was giucn him that it was so,
because hee vnderstooti the language of the Indians: and hee requested that he might bee
Christened, for he said hee desired to become a Christian : lice was (Christened, and named
Peter; and the Gouernour commanded him to bee loosed from a ch.iine, in which vntill that
time he had gone. This Countrie, as the Indians reixirtcd, had been much inhabited, and
had the fame of a good Countrie. And, .is it secmcth, the youth, which w.is the Gouernours
guide, had heard of it, and that which he knew by heresny, hee afHrmed th.it hee had seene,
and augmented ut his pleasure. In this towne was found a dagger, and bcades, that had
belonged to Christians. The Indians reported, that (Christians had been in the hatien, which ThiMownofii
was two daies iournie from this towne, many veeres aijoe. llee that came thither was the *'"''*"/■"" ,
Gouernour, the Liccnciate I. in as >asqncr. de Ayllon, which went to conquer this Countrie, hium ,>r Bimi
and at his cnmming to the Port hee died ; and there was a diuision, quarrels and slaiighters ['''•'"'• ,,
betweene some principall men which went with him, for the principall goucrnment : And ijij-
without knowing any thing of the Countrie, they returned home to llispaniola. All the h i, in ji. >ic.
Companie thought it gooti to inhabit that Countrie, because it w.is in a lemperat climate: s""!'
And that if it were inhabited, al the ship|)es of New Spaine, of Peru, Santa Martha, and
Tierra (irme, in their returne for Spaine, might well touch there : because it was in their
way; and because it was a gocnl Countrie, and sited fit to raise commodilie. The (ioiierii-
our, since his intent was to seeke another treasure, like that of Atabalipa Lord of Peru,
W.TS not contented with a good Countrie, nor with pearlcs, though many of them were worth
their weight in gold. And if the Countrie had been diuided among the Christian", tho^^e
which the Indians h-id fished for afterward, uoiiid haiie been of more value: for tho^c which
they had, becauxc they burned them in ihe tire, did icesc their ccdour. The Gouernour an-
swere«l them, that vrned him to inhabit, That in all the Countrie, there were not victuals
to suslaine his men one inoneih ; and that if was necdfull lo resort to the Port of Ocus, where
.Maldanadii uan to stay fur them : aiul that it' no richer Countrie were found, they might re-
turne ay;aine to ih.t whensoeiier they wouKI : and in the meane time the Indians would sow
their fields, and it would be belter lurnished with Maiit. He inquired of the Indians, whether
they had notice of any great Lord farther into the land. They told him, that 12. daics iour- cinaiu u.d^ci
nie from liK-nce, there was a Prouince calletl Chiaha, siihiei t to the Lord of Ccija. Pre- l,™VriM™.,
gently the (Miucrnoiir determined to seeke that land. And beini; a sterne man, and of few ^"'"-'"" ?
words, though he was glad to silt and know the opinion of all men, yet alter hee had deli- f.'o" c hu'i'u : n

■('

uered his owne, hee would not be contraried, and alwaies did what liked himselfe, and so all *'"'' '"*""'f
men did condescend vnto his will. And thoui;li it seemed an crrour to leaiie that Countrie, ino»'r'hii
(for others might hauc been sought round about, wiicre the people miijhi liaue been sus- "-^'i' '*■

tallied,

tr^M%

it 5Ll ■ J'
, 4 :

' |! f I' ; !

ihl

Ni-

■I

KSt

:,|]i;'

50«

C h]laqu( Kucn
dairs iournic
l>i>m Cutili-
Chiqui.

700. Hennf I,

X11.1II.1 s.iuci
off.

iich and
hilirk

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Tlie diacouerie of Florida,

tained, vntill the haniest had boon rcadic there, and the Maiz gathered) yet there was none
that vrould say any thing against him, after they knew his renolution.

Chap. XV.

How the Goiiernour departed from Cutifa-Chiqui to sceke the Prouincc of Co«;a ;
and what happened vnto him in the way.

Tile Gouernour departed from Culifa-Chiqui the third day of May. And beraiisc t|\(t
Indians had rcuolted, and the will of the Ladie was pcrceiiied. that if she roiild, she would
depart without giuing any guides or men for burdens, for the wrongs whirh the Christians
had done to the Indians: (for there neuer want some among many of a base sort, that for a
little gaine doc put themsclucs and others in danger of vndoing. ) The Gouernour com-
manded her to be kept in safegard, and carried with him, not with so good vsage as she
deserued for ^ good wii she shewed, and good entertainement that she had made him. And he
verified that old proucrb which saifh ; For wddoing I receiue euill. And .so he carried heron
foot with his bondwomen to looke vnto her. In all the townes where the Gouernour passed,
the I^die commanded the Indians to come and carrie the burdens from one lowne to another.
\Vc passed through her Coimirie an hundred leagues, in which, as we saw, she was much
obcved. Vor the Indians did all that she commanded them with great eflTicacie and diligence.
I'eter the youth that was our guide, said, thai siie was not the Ladie her selfe, but a ncerp
of hers, which came to that townc to execute ccrtaine principal men by commandement ol
the Ladie, which had witiihcld her tribute : which words were not belceued, because of the
lies which they had found in him before : but they bare with all things, because of the need
which they had of him, to declare what the Indians said. In seiien daies space the Gouernour
came to a Prouince called Chala(]ue, the poorest Country of Maiz that was .scene in Florida.
The Indians fed vpon rootes and hcrbes which titey sceke in the fields, and vpon wild bcast'i,
which they kil with their bowes and arrowes : and it is a vcrie gentle people. All of them gnc
naked, and nre very leane. There w .s a Lord, which for a great present, brought the
Gouernour two Decrcs skins : and there were in that Counlric many wild hennes. In one
townc they made him a present of TOO. hcnncs, an<l so in other townes fhev -wnt him those
which they had or could get. From this I'rouince to another, which is called Xualla, he
spent fine daics : here he found very little Mai/,; and for this cause, though the people
were wearied, and the horses very weake, he siaied no more but two daies. From
Ocute to Cutifa-chiqui, may bee some hundred and thirtie leagues, whereof 80. are wiider-
nesse. I-'rom Cutifa-chiqui to Xu.illa, two hundred and fiftie, and it is an hillie Countrie.
The (louernour departed from Xualla toward (iuaxule: he passed very rough and hie hillrs.
In that iour;iic, the Ladie of Cutifa-chiqui (whom the Gouernour carried with him, as is
afore said, with purpose to carrie her to Guaxule, because her territorie reached thither)
going on a day with the bondwomen which lead her, went out of the way, and entred into a
wood, saying, she went to exse her selfe, and so she deceiued them, and hid her selfe in thr
wood ; and though they sought her they could not find her. She carried away with her a
little chest made of canes in manner of a cofl'er, which they call Petaca, full of vnbnrcd
perles. Some which could iudge of them, said, that they were of great value. An Indian
woman that waited on her did carrie them. The Gouernour not to discontent her altogether,
left them with her, making account that in Guaxule he would ask them of her, when he !;.iue
her Icaue to returne : which coller she carried away, and went to Xualla with three slaues
which fled from the Campe, and one horsema.i which remained behind, who falling sirkc of
an ague went out of the way, and was lost. This man, whose name was Alimamos, dealt with
the slaues to change their euill purpose, and returne with him to the Christians: which two
of them did ; and Alimamos and they ouerlooke the Gouernour 50. leagues from thence in
a ProuMuc called Chiaha ; and reported how the I^die remained in Xualla with a slaue of
Andrew de Vasconccll.)s, which would not come backe with them, and that of a cerfaintie

thiy

' ' .! i! 'i

incc of Coqa ;

next adioi/ning to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUF.RIRS. 50;,

they liueil as man ami wife tnjrethcr, and meant to goc both to Ciitifa-fhiqui. Within flue ^1'^'^";^^'^ '""

daics the Goiiernoiir came to (iiiaxiile. The Indians there «aiic him a present of .lOO. do;> jres,

because they saw the Christians esleemc them, and sought fiicm to feed on them : for among

them they are not eaten. In Guaxule, and all that way, wis very little Maiz. The Gduorn-

our sent from thence an Indian with a message to the Cacique of Chialia, to desire him tn

gather some Maiz thither, that he might rest a few dales in Chiaha. The (Joiiernotir departed

From Guaxule, and in two dales lournlc came to a towne called Canasagua. There met him Ji,\';j,r,', ',,,,,,,,

on the way 2(). Indians euery one loaden with a basket ful of Mulberries : for there be many, >f

and those "very good, from Cutifa-chiqui thither, and so forward in other Prouiiices, and also m-iV,',"""^,,

nuts and plummes. And the trees grow in the fields without planting or dressing them, and t>"'i"'' m^'--

are as bi<' and as rancke, as though they grew in gardens digged and watered. From the

time that the Gouernour departed from Canasagua, hee ionrnied hue dales through a desert ;

;ind two leagues before hee came to Chiaha, Miere met him 15. Indians loaden with Mai/,

which the Cacique had sent ; and they told him on his behalfe, that he waited his comming

with 20. barnes full of it ; and farther, that himselfe, his Coimtrie, and su!)iects, & al things

els were at his seruice. On the 5. day of lune, the Gouernor cntred into Chiaha : The ';"'= ?■

Cacique voided his ownc houses, in which he lodged, & receiued him with much icy, saying i,,un,'ir,ii\Vnd

these words following : ?o. u-i6"ei f.oni

Mightie and excellent Lord, I hold my selfc for so happie a man, in that it hath pleased
your Lordship to vsc me, that nothing could haue happened vnto me of more contentment,
ni r that I would haue esteemed so much. From Guaxule your Lordship sent vnto me, that
! shoiild prepare Mai/ for you in this tov.nc for two moncths : Here I haue for you 20.
barncs full of the chniscst that in all the Counfrie could be found. If your Lordship bee not
entertained by mc in such sort, as is fit for so hie a Prince, respect my tender age, which
cxcuseth me from bKime, and recciuc my good will, which with much loyaltic, truth, and
sincerilie, I will alwaics >>hcw in any thing, which shall concerne your Lordships seruice.

The (iouernor answered him, that he thanked him very much for his seruice and offer, and
that he would alwaies account him as his brother. There was in this towne much butter in
gourds melted like oile : they said it was the fat of beares. There was found also great ^^'^'J" '''^
^torc of oile of walnuts, which w.as cleare as butter, and of a good taste, and a pot full of Oiic of Wii-
honie of bees, which neither before nor afterward was scene in all the Countrie. The towne 'H'",',euf bms.
was in an Island betwcene two armes of a Hiuer, and was seated nigh one of them. The t-'iuiu iritcJ lu
Hiucr diuiciclh it selfc into those two branches two cnissebow shot aboue the towne, and'"' "" "
meelefh againe a league bi-nrath the same. The jdaine betwcene both the branches is
sometimes one rrosse-bow shot, scmetimes two crossebow shot ouer. The liranches are very
broad, and both of ihein may be waded ouer. There were all along them verie good mea-
dows, and manic fields sowiie with .\Lni/. And because the Indians staled in their towne,
the (iouernour only lodged in the houses of the Cacicpie, ai\d his people in the liilds ;
where there was euer a tree, euerie one tooke one for himselfe. Thus the Camp lay sepa-
rated one from another, and out 01 order. The (lOuernour winked at it, because the Indians
^s■ere in peace, and because it was very hot, and the peoj)le should haue sulfered great ex-
iremitie, if it had not bin so. The horses came thither so weake, tliat for feeblenessc, they
were not able to carrie their masters: because that from Culifa chiqui, they alwaies trauelled
with \ery little prouender, and were hungcr-starued and tired luer since they came from the
desert of Ocufe. And because the most of them were not in case to vse in baftell, though riu>i<->it .1
need should recpiire, they sent them to feed in the night a quarter of a league from the ""'"''"' '■*•
Camp. The Chrisiiais were there in great danger, beiauselhat if at this time the Indians
had set vpon them, they had been in euill case to haue defended themselues. TheCJoueri-.our
rested there ihirtie ilaies, in which lime, becau.se the Coimtrie was very fruitfull, the horses jo. Ujifsitit.
grew fat. ,\t the time of hi-: departure, by the importunitie of some, which would haue
more then was rcison, hee <lemanded of the Cacique ,'{(). women to make slaues of lice an-
swered that he would conferre with his chicle men. And before hee returned an answere,
one night all of them with their wines and children forsooke the towne, and fled awav. The
\o\..\. ;j T next

t'..

(;■■

':P

ril*;

t lip I

'J ::.V^^

^;|.V

Mrt VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The discouerie of Florida

next day the Gouernour purposing to goc to aeeke them, the Cacique came vnto him an 1
at hi-* comming vscd these words vnto the Gouernour :

Mightie Lord, with shame and feare of vour Lordship, because my subiects against niv
will haue done amisse in absenting theniseJucs, I went my way without your license ; nnil
knowing the errour which 1 haue committed, like a loyall subiect, I come to yccld my'scKV.
into your power, to dispose of mee at your owne pleasure. For my subiects do not nliev
mec, nor doe any thing but what an Vncle of mine commandeth, which gouerneth this C.iini.
trie for me, vntill I be of a perfect age. If your Lordship will pursue them, and execute on
thorn that, which for their disobedience they descrue, I will be your guide, since at this pre-
>,ont my fortune will not suffer me to pcrforme any more.

presently the Gouernour with 30. horsemen, and as many footmen, went to sceke the In.
i.vit,netowHci. (]i;iii<, and passing by some towncs of the prim ipall Indians which had absented themscliics
hec cut and destroyed great fields of Maiz ; and went vp the Hiuer, where the Indians w^re
in an Island, where the horsemen could not come at them. There he sent them word hv an
Indi:in to reiiirnc fo their towne and feare nothing, and that they should giue him men lo
Carrie burdens, ;is al those behind had done ; for he would haue no Indian women, si-ejnn-
they were so loth to part with them. The Indians accepted his request, and came to -l)^
(Idiiernour to excuse themselues ; and so all of them returned lo their t<iwne. A CacicMic df
a I'rv iiincc called Coste, came to this towne to visit the Gouernour. After hee had ollircd
himselfe, and passed with him some words of lendring his seruice and curlesie ; the (ioiurn-
(Uir asking him whether he had notice of any rich {'ountrie ? he said, vea : lo wit, " ili.n
rr" toward the Nortli, tl'cre was a Prouincc named Chisca • and that tiiere was a iixliin" (,f
cupper, and of another meiall of the same colour, saue that it was finer, and of a Lnic nmrc
perfect colour, and farre better to the sight ; and that they vscd it not so much, because it
was softer. .\nd the selfe same tiling was told tlie (Joucrnour in Cutifa-chiqui ; where we
saw some little hatchets of copper, whicii were said to haue a mixture of gold." Hut in tint
part the Countrie w.is not well pe()|)lcd, and they said there were mountaines, whit h the
horses could not passe: and for that cause, the Gouernour would not goe from Ciitila-diiqui
cim,|,i, «hkh ii direcilv lliiilier : And lice made acciuml. that traucliing through a peopleil ('oiiniric,
uiihin t».. djifi wlieii liis men and hordes sluiild bee in belter plight, anil hee were Letter certified of the
truth of the thing, he would relume toward if, by mountaines, and a belter inhahiicil
Couiilrie, whereby hee might haue belter passage. He sent two Christians from ('li!:il„,
willi certain Indians wliich knew the {'ountrie of Chisca, and ilie language thereof to \ieu
ii, and to make report of that which lliey should find; where he told llicm that he wuuld
tarrie for ilicm.

Cliai). XVL

How the Goiicrnor deparlelh from Chialia, and at Cosle was in danger to haue
been slaine by llie li.iiufs of the Indians, and bv a stratageme escaped the same :
And what more happened vnto him in this ioiirnie, and how he came to Coija.

Wllen the Gouernour was determined lo d<'part from Chialia to Cosle, he sent for t!u-
Cacique to come before him, and with gentle words lookc his leauc of him, and gaue liim
cerlaine lhi:igs, wherewith he re-led much (onlenled : In seiien ilaies lice came to Ccsie.
The second of Iiilie he commanded iiis Cainpe to be pitched two crusscbow shot from the
town : and with eij^lil men of his onard he weni where he found llie Cacique, wlil( h in In,
lliinking reclined him wiih grc.it 1 ue. As hee was talking with him, there went from the
Canipe cerlaine foolemen to the towne to secke some Mai/, and not contented with it, ihiv
ransacked and searched the houses, and lookc what lliey found. With this despifo tin- In-
ili:;ns bci;aii to rise and to take their amies: and some of them with cudgils in their li.iiul>,
r.in \pon fine or si\e Christi:ins, wliii t'. had done lliem wrong, and beat llu'in at llieir pici-
sure. Tile (itmeriKuir sfciiig iliem al in an \prore, and himselfe among tluin \>ilii so |( ■,»
Clirist'ans, to escape their Ivinds \sed a stratagem, farre against his owne (lisjjisition, lieiii;;,
as lue was, \ery (raiukc and open : and though it grieucd him very much that any Indian

sIii.iiM

M.iic> iM CIV
afu; tol I rti
Chisca f. ivaid
tiic North.

Hatchcn pf
C(ipp<r holding

gold.
^C'hisv.i i^ .11-
reitl) N> till

fit.ni'c.att'-

I't -^aiu.t Mrlrria.

Two t'hristijii?
•cut frniii (.'hi.i-
lii to M-ckf

.\ lAi.t s'.rati-

icoiierie of Florida,
amc vnto him, and

subiecls against my
t your license ; and
nc to yccld my scll'e
ibiccts do not nlicy
^ovicrneth this C'liii-
wm, and execute on
dc, since at this pre-

went to seokc the In-
absented themsclucs,
here the Indians \scre
sent them word by an
lid };iuc him men to
ndian women, >vc\\\^
icst, and came to ?lie
lowne. A Cacitiuc of
After bee had oll'mvl
ciirtcsie ; the (ioiurn-
d, vea : to wit, " tbt
ere was a nuliin;; of
cr, and of a lane more
)t so much, bccau>c it
itifa-chiqni ; where we
of gold." Hut in that
mountaines, which tlic
goe from Cutifa-ciiiqui
a i)eoi)led ('ouiitrn',
l;clter ccrtidcd of the
and a bolter inhahiiid
Chri-tians from Chiiil.a
nonage thereof to \iiw
uf thciu that he would

in danger to banc
escaped the "-amc :
he came to t'oi;a.

Costc, he sent for t!u'
ic of him. and gane liim
lies bee came to i\-w.
[Tiisscbow shot Trom llu>
10 ("aciqno, which to in«
lim, ihoro wont from tl\r
)t contented with it, tins
rnh this dc-pifo the In-
h ciidgils in llu'ir hands,
licat ibcm at their plci-
ainong llnni witli mi hw
s owno (li»i)i'^ili"'>. being,
■V much that aiiv Indian
^ ■ shMild

next adioi/nin^ to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 507

should be so bold, as with reason, or without reason to despise the Christians, he tooke vp a

cudgel, and tooke their parts against his ownc men ; which was a meanes to quiet them :

And presently he sent word by a man very secretly to the Campe, that some armed men

should come toward the place where he was ; and bee tooke the Cacique by the hand, vsing

very mild words vnto him, and with some principall Indians that did accompanie \ym, he

drew them out of tiic towne into a plainc way, and vnto the sight of the Campe, whither by

little and little with good discretion the Christians began to come and to gather about them.

Thus the Gouernour led the Cacique, and his chiefe men vntill he entred with them into the

Campe : and ncerc vnto his tent, hce commanded them to be put in safe custodie : and told

them, that they should not depart without gining him a guide and Indians for burthens, and

till cerfaine sicke Christians were come, which he had commanded to come downc the Riuer

in canoes from Chiaha; and those also which he had sent to the Prouince of Chisca: (for

they were not returned ; and he feared that the Indians had slaine the one, and the other.)

Within three daies after, those which were sent to Chisca returned, and made report, that the Those whici«

Indians had carried them through a Countrie so poore of Maiz, and so rough, and oucr so ^"Jj^'j.'^"^^^"^"^

high mount. lines, that it was impossible for the armic to trauell that way ; and that seeing ictum^. n^ii

the way grew verv long, and that they lingred much, they consulted to returne from a little ""="""'""•

j)oorc towne, where they saw nothing that was of any profit, and brought an oxc hide, which ^'^^''^'^ p"""

the Indians gaiic them, as thinne as a calues skinnc, and the haire like a soft wool, betweene Ai. <« hide

the course and fine wooll of sheepe. The Cacique gaue a guide, and men for burdens, and ,^|,'','ii.''t'" 'is°

departed with the Gouornoiirs loauc. The Gouernour departed from Coste the ninth of lulie, and comarj

nnd lodged at a towne called Tali : The Cacique came foorth to receiue him on the way, and "i\' I ij.^^i"/.'

made this speech : jiiii' ">•

Kvcellcnt Lord and Prince, worlhie to be sorucd and obeyed of all the Princes in the f,^„',' J;^,;^.
world ; howsncuer for the most part by the outward physiognoinie, the inward vertuc may
bee iiiilged, and that who yon are, and of what strength was knowne vnto mec before now ;
I will not inl'erre hereupon how moanc I am in your presence, to hope that my poore ser-
iiices yi\\\ boo gratcfull and acceptable: since whereas strength faileth, the will doth not cease
to 1)0 praised and accepted. And for this cause I presume to request your Lordship, that
you will be pleased onely to respect the same, and consider wherein you will command my
seruice in this your Countrie.

The (iouernonr answered him, that his good will and olTer was as acceptable vnto him, as
if he had od'orod him all the treasures of the world, and that bee would alwaics intrealc,
faiiour, and osteemc him as if he were his ownc brother. The Caci«juc commanded proui-
sion necessario for two dales, while the Cioucrnour was there, to l)e brought thither: and at
the time of his departure, ho gaue him foiire women and two men, which hoc had need of
to bcare burthens. The Gouernour trauelled sixe daies through many towncs subicct to Mjn
the Cacique of Co<;3 : iS: as he cntrcd into his Countrie many Indians came vnto him cucry "f ^'^'■
ilay from the Cacique, and met h. i on the way with messages, one gf)ing, and another
coinming. Ilec came to Co<;a vpon Friday, the iifi. of lulie. The Cacique came foorth to Co^i.
receiue him two crossebow shot from the towne in a chairc, which liis principall men '"'" '*'
carried on their shoulders, sitting vpon a cushion, and coucrcd with a garment of Marterns, Mantms
of the fashion and bigncs of a womans luiko : bee had on his head a diadem of feathers,
and round about him many Indians playing vpon flutes, and singing. Assoonc as he came
\nto the Gouernour, he did his obeysance, and vttored these words following:

Excellent and mightie Lord, aboiic all them of the earth ; although I come 1)ut now to
receiue yon, yet I liaue receiued you many daies agoe in my heart, to wit, from the day
wherein I had first notice of your I.onlship ; with so great desire to seme von, with so
great pleasure and contentment, that this which I make .shew of, is nothing in regard of
t'lat which is in my heart, neither can it hai'o any kind of comparison. This you may hold
for ccrtaine, that to obiaine the dominion of the whole world, would not haue reiovced me
so much, as your sight, neither would 1 haue held it for so great a iolicitio. Doc not looke
fur lue to oflcr you that which is your owne : to wit, my person, my lands and subiects:

'^ 1 "i oncly

ny townes

'4'

•1:

A t

r i;

ll»

fi08

ji. n )'

' , ' I' " .

j ::

I I

f 'f

;n !•

'I I

i - I'.

I' ':

1 ^'

The towne.

Al.itiy great
t\ uucs,

Alaiiy plum.

trees iif diners

si>rrs.

Twu sorts of

!;rjiie».

30. of AugUit.

Tallimuchis*,
:j grei! towiic.

Vtjua

A VTfM Riuer.
Vililahali.

Vllil-ihili
walled ^bi;ut.
Il.r f.'iivn cf
t.icii wjllfi.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The discouerie of Florid,,,

onely I will biisie my sclfe in commanding my men with all diligence and due reucrence to
welcome you from hence to the towne with playing and singing, where your Lordship
altentled vpon by my selfe and them : and all that I possessc, voiir

your owne. For your Lordship shall doe me a verie great

shall be lodged and
Lordship shall vsc as it were
fauour in so doing.

The Gouernour gaue him tliankcs, and with great ioy they both went conferring togetlicr
till they came to the towne : and he commanded his Indians to void their houses, wherein'
the Gouernor and his men were lodged. There was in the barncs, and in the fields, great
store of \faiz and French Beanes : The Country was greatly inhabited with many great
fownos, and many sownc fields, which reached from the one to the other. It was pleasant, fat
full of good meadows vpon Kiucrs. There were in the fields, many Plum trees, aswolj of
such as grow in Spaine, as of the Countrie : and wild tall vines, that runne vp the trees;
and besides these, there were other low vines with big and sweet grapes; but for want of
digging and dressing, they had great kirnels in them. The Gouernour vsed to set a fiiianl
oner the Caciques, I)ecau>ie they should not absent themselues, and carried them with him,
till he came out of their Countries: because that carrying them along with him, he idokcd
to Hnd people in the towncs, and they gaue him guides, and men to carrie burdens : .imi
before iiee went out of their Countries, he gaue them licence to returne io their luiusis
and to their porters likewise, assoone as he raine to any other Lordship, where they "j.mc
him others. The men of Co(,a seeing their Lord detained, tooke it in euill put, .mil
reuolted, and hid themselues in the woods, aswell those of the towne of the (Jacitiiie, as
those of the other townes of his principal! subjects. The (iouernour sent out foureCap-
taines, cuery one his way to seeke them, fliey tooke many men and women, which wire
put into chaines : They seeing the hurt which they receiued, and how little thev gained in
absenting themselues, came againe, promising to do wliatsoeuer they were commamle;!. ()f
those which were taken prisoners, some principall men were set at libertie, whom the
Cacique demanded: and euery one that had any, carried the rest in chaines like slanes,
without letting theiu goe to their Countrie : neither did any rctiirne, but some few, whoM-
fortune helped them with the good diligence which they \sed to file oil' their chaines l)v
night, or such as in their trauelling could slijjpe aside out of the wav, seeing anv ne^lj'-
gence in them that kept them: some ctciped away with the chaines, and with the burden^,
and clothes which they carried.

Chap. XVII.

How the Gouernour went from Co<;a to Tascaluca.

Tllc Gouernour rested in d i;a 2j. <laies. lie departed from thence (he 20. of ,\ui;ii.t
to sceke a Prouince called Tascaluca : hce carried with him the Caci(jue of Coi;a. !le
j)a<sed that dav by a great towne called Tallimuchase, the people were (letl : he lod.ied
halfe a league farther neere a brooke. The next day he came to a towne called Viaiia,
subiect to Co9a. llee staled there sixc daies because of a Kiucr that j)assed bv it, which ;it
that lime was very hie; and assoone as the Hiucr suflered him to passe, he set forward, ;nul
lo<i::ed at a towne named \ llibahali. There came to him on the way, on the Ca(i(|iRN
belialfe of that Prouince, ten or tweliic j)rincipall li.dians to oiler him his seruicc ; all dl'
them had their plumes of feathers, and bowes and arrowes. I'he C iouernour coinmin;,' to
the towne with tweluc horsemen, and some footemen of his guard, leaning his j)eoj)le ,i
cros«ebow' --ii"! from the tov.ne, enired into it, hee found ail the Indi.ins witli their
wiajjons : and as farrc as he could ghesse, they seemcl to haue sonic euill meaning. It
was knowne afterward, that they were d( terinined to take the Caric|iic of C(>«;a from the
GoueriKJur, if hce hail rccjuested it. Tlie (iouernour commanded all his peojtle to enter tin?
t(jwtie, wliidi was wailed about, and neere vnto it p.-';-;ed a small JJiuer. The wall, aswell
of that, as of others, which afiirward wee s:iu, w:is of great j)osts thrust deepe into the
ground and \cry ro'.ii^h, and many long railes as bi^ as ones armc laid acrojtse between

them.

:■ ' ! i IM

scouerie of Florhlu,

id clue reiiercncc to
here your Lordship
hat 1 possessc, your
loe mc a verie great

conferring together,
icir houses, wherein
\ in the liclds, urcat

d with many great

It was pleasant, fat,

him trees, asweil of

riinne vp the trees ;
>os ; but for want of
r vsed to set a guard
ried them wiiii him,
with him, he idoked

carric i)urdei)s: .nul
tunic U) tlieir houses,
i|), where they gmic
it in cuill p:irt, .md
f of tlie C.ni<]ur, ;k
• sent out fdure Cap-

woinen, which were
little they gained in
were commandeil. Oi'
at libertie, >*hom tlie
in chaines like sialics,
but some few, whos^
e off their chaines hv
ay, seeing any ne^li-
and with the burdens,

■nee the 20. of Auj;ii-t
7aci(iue of C'oi;a. !If
were fled : he huigtil
:i townc called Ytaiia,
j)assed by it, whidi at
ic, he set forward, and
\s:\\, on tlie Caiujues
iin his seruicc ; all of
[ioiicrnour coinniing to
leaning his jieople a
he Indians with iheir
lie euill meaning. It
cjiie of ('o«,M IVom the
his peojilc to Ciller tlu?
iuer. The wall, aswell
i thrust dcepe into the
c laid acrosbC between
them,

next adioyning to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 609

them, and the wall was about the height of a lance, and it was daubed within and without
with clay, and had loope holes. On the othcrside of the Riuer was a towne, where at that'^'™"''
present the Cacique was. The Gouernour sent to call him, and hee came presently. After
he had passed with the Gouernour some words of offering his seniiccs, he gaue him such
men for his cariagcs as he needed, and thirtie women for slnnes. In that place was a C'liris-
tian lost, called Mangano, borne in Salamanca, of noble parentage, which went astray to
seeke for grapes, whereof there is great store, and those very good. The day that' the ^;;;]'J'°'/^"f
Gouernour departed from thence, he lodged at a towne subicrt to the Lord of \'llibahali : a i.™rK.
and the next day hee came to another towne called Toasi. The Indians gaiic tlie (jouernour i ^bi.
thirtie women, and such men for his cariages as he needed. Hee traiielled ordinarily 5. or "etr.iui-iud
fi. leagues a day when he trauelled through peopled Countries: and going through deserts, |;[ti™'iejgu«
he inarched as fast as he could, to eschew the want of Mai/. From Toasi, passing through ^ J''/-
.some towiies subiect to a Cacique, which was Lord of a prouince called Tallise, hee
trauelled flue dales: He came to Tallise the 18. of Scj)tember: The towiu- was great, and ,|,,^I|'.'' ' ^'"'
situated ncere vnto a maine Kiuer. On the other side of the Riuer were other townes, and ''fptmirr ix.
many fields sownc with Maiz. On both sides it was a very plentifull Countrie, and had '^ """"■
store of Mai/ : they had voided the townc. The (iouernour •ommanded to call the Ca-
cique ; who came, and bctweene them pa.ssed some words of loue and offer of his
seruices, and hee presented vnto him 40. Indians. There came to the Gcniernour in this
townc a principal! Indian in the behalfc of the Cacique of Tascaluca, and made this sj)eech
following :

Mightie, vertuous, and esteemed Lord, the great Cacique of Tascaluca mv Lord,
sendefh bv me to kisse your Lordships hands, and to let vou vnderstand, that he hath
notice, how you iiistiy raiiish with voiir perfections and power, all men on the earth ; and
that eueric one by whom your Lordship |)asselh doth .leriie and obey you; which he acknow-
Icdgeth to be due vnto you, and desireth, as his life, to see, and to serue your Lordship.
For which cause by me he ofTereth himselfe, his lands and subiects, that when your Lord-
ship |)leaseth to go through his Countrie, you may be receiued with all peace and loue,
serued and obeyed; and that in recompense of the desire he hath to see you, you will doe
him the faiiour to let him know when you will come : for how much the sooner, so much
the greater fauour he shall receiue.

The Cfouernour receiued and dispatched him graciously, giuing him beades, which among
them were not much esteemed, and s /me other thinges to carric to his Lord. And he gaue
licence to the Cacique of Cot;a to returne home to his ownc Countries. The ("acique of
Tallise gaue him such men for burthens as he needed. And after he had rested there 20.
dales, hee departed thence towanl Tascaluca. That day when hee went from Tallise, hee
lodged at a grc.it towne called Casiste. .\nd the next day pa.ssed by another, and came to Cjsisf i gr«u
a small towne of Taxcaluca ; and the next day hee camped in a wood two leagues from thcT^cliuca.
townc where the Cac iquc resided, and was at that time. And he sent the Master of the
Camp, Liiys de Moscoso, with 15. horsemen, to let him know how hee was comming.
The Cacique w.is in his lodgings vnder a Canoj)ie : and without doores, right against his
lodgings, in an high place, they spread a mat for him, & two cushions one vpon another,
where he sal him downe, and his Indians pla< ed ihemselues round about him, somewhat
distant from him, so th.it they made a place, ami a void roomc where he sate : and his
chiefcst men were neerest to him, and one with a shadow of Deercs skinne, which keept
the Suniie from him, being round, and of the bignes of a target, quartered with black and
white, hailing a rundell in the middest : a farre oil" it seemed to l)e of taffata, because y
ccdours were \ery jjcrfeet. It was set on a small slalfe stretched wide out. This was the
dcuice which hee carried in his warres. I lee was a man of a very tall stature, of ^reat
limmes, and spare, and well proportioned, and was much feared of his neighbours and
subiects. He w.as Lord of many territories and much people: In his countenance hee w.ns
very graiic. Alter the Master of the Campe had spoken with him, he and these that went
with him toursed their Iiorscs, pransiiig them to and fro, and now and then toward the

place

I '

'ii

"■ .1,

' ;<

■F

• -1 y

I (

It ■■>.

if i

I, V

"• ;N

•^^Mli^^

I ^^\

510

^\ cu-.it Riuci.

i«. Of Octi.Wr

Muu.lla «a^l('Ll.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIOKS, r/ic rliscoucrlc of Florida,

plncc wlicrc the Cacique was, who witli much granitic and dissimulation now and then lifted
v|) his cics, and beheld them as it were with disdaine. At the Goucrnours comminif, hop
made no oiler at all to rise. The Goiiernour tooke him by the hand, and both of them sat
downo tojjether on a seate which was vnder the cloth of estate. The Cacique said thcM
words vnto him :

Minhtv Lord, I bid your Lordship rij!;ht hartily welcome. I receiue as much plcasurp
and contentment with your sii;ht, as if you were my brother whom I dearly loucd : \po„
this jjoint it is not needlull to vse many reasons; since it is no discretion to spcake that in
many wordes, which in lew may be vttered. How much the greater the will is, so mudi
more uiucth it name to the wcrkes, and the workes giue tcstimonic of the truth. N,i,y
touching mv will, by it \()u shall know, how certainc iV manifest it is, and how pure inrli-
nation 1 liaue to serue you. Concerning the i'auour which you did me, in the things wliich
)'ou sent me, I make as much account of them as is reason to cwtceme them ; and chicllv bo-
cause ihcv were yours. Now see what seruicc you will command me.

The (iourrnor satisfied him with sweet words, and with great breuilie. When hco do-
jiartcd from thence he determined to carrie him along with him for some causes, and at
two tiaics iournie bee came to a towne called Piache, by which th( re passed a great liiutr.
The Goucrncur demanded canoes of the Indians: they said, they had them not, but that
thev would make rafts of canes and drie timber, on which he might passe well CMnnirl,;
And they made them with all diligence and speed, and they gouerned them; and because
the water went verv slow, the Gouernour and his people passed very well.

From the Port dc Sjiirito Santo to Apalache, which is about an hundred leagues, il|(.
Gi lerncur went from I^ast to West : And from A|)alache to Cutifa-cliiqui, which arc 4,;i)
leagues, from the Southwest to the Northeast : and from Cntifa-chicpii to Xualla, which are
about two hundred and lil'tie leagues, from the South to the North : And from Xiialin to
Tascaluca, which are two hundred and fiftie Icaijues more, an luindred and iiinctie of ilun,
he tr.uK'Ucd I'roni Last to West, to wit, to the Prouincc of Coi,a : and the other (iU. Inn
Co^a to Tascaluca from the North to the South.

I Lining pa>sed the Itiiicr of I'iaclic, a Christian went from his companie from ihcncc ii,
sieke a woman slaue that was rininc away from him, and the Indians either tooke liim
capliue, or slue liini. The (iouernor vrgcd the Cacique that he should giue arcount d
him, and threatened him, that if he were not found, lie wduld ncMicr kl him li>ns(v 'li,,.
Ca( icpie sent an Indian from thence to .Manilla, whither thev were trauelling, whiih un.. ;
liiwnc of a i)rin(i|)all Indian and his subiect, >aving, that he sent him lo adiiise them t
make rcadie victuals, mid nu-n for carriages. Hut, (as afterward appeared) hee sent !; n
to assemble all the men of warre thither, that bee had in his Ccui.tric The (iouenic •,,;■
trauellcd three-d;.ies ; .uul ilu" third day he jjasscd all dav through a peopled Coiinirie: anii
he came to Manilla vpon Monday the IH. of October. He went before the Camp with Ij,
hor-emen and .'{(). footcmen. And from the towne came a Christian, whr)m he had ^cnt i<
the primipall man, three or foure daies hclnre, because he should not ai)sent himseltV, aivi
also to Icarne in what s<>rt the Indians were: who told him that hee thought they were in an
eiiill purpii'-e: ft.r while hee was there, there came manie people into the towne, and nnnv
wea])ons, ;ind that thev made great haste to fortilie the wall. Luys de Mo^coso told tic
(iiMiernniir, that it would bee good to lodge in the lield, seeing the Indians werenf smh
di-p'i^ilioii : and l".ee answered, that he would lodge in the towne, for hee was wearic <•(
Imigiiig in the field. \\ hen hee came ncere vnto the towne, the Cacicpie came fm nh (.,
receiue him with many Indians plaving vpon flutes aiid singing: And alter hee had ollli'rel
himselfc, hee prc'.^ented him with three inanteU of marterns. The (Jouernour, with Ix th
the C:iciejUC'-,and scueii or eight men of his guard, ami three or foure horsemen which, ilihtcd in
act timp;uiie liim, eiitrtd into tlic towne, ;iiid s:it liim dowiie vndcr a t loth of e..latc. Tin
C.icicpic (," Ta-( aliica rctjiie-icil him, that hi'e wtniKl lit him reinaine in that towne, :ini|
ir. uMe him no more with iianclling : And seeing he would not giiie him leaiu', in hi> talkf
lie cli;inycd his ])iirpi)-c', and di.-simblinglie faincd tltat he would -pe;ike with some prin-

cipall

'!.

,- ¥

I i '

iscoucric of Florida,

next adioyning to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 51 1

cipall Indians, and rose vp fnim the place where hee sate with the Gouernour, and entred
into a house, where many Indians were with their bowes and arrowes. The Gouernour
when he saw he returned not, called him, and he answered, that he would not conic out
from thence, neither would he <;oc ;iny farther then t!iat towne, and that if he would goc
his way in peace, hee should presently depart, and should not seekc to carrie him pcilorce
out of his Countric and territoric.

Chap. XVIH.
How t'lc Indians rose against the Goueinour, and what ensued thereupon.
TIIc Gouernour seeing the determination, and lurioiis answere of the ('aci(|ui', went about
to ]).i(i(ie him with fairc words: to which he gaue no an-iwcre, hut rather with mu(:i pride
and ilisdaine, withdrew himsclfe where the (Jducrnor might not see hiin, nor -jji'ike witli
liim. As a principall Indian parsed that was, the Ciou.rnor called him, to send him wcrd,
that hee might reniaine at his pleasure in his Countric, and that it would ])leise him to g'lie
him a guide, and men for c.irriages, to see if he coiiKI patifie him with mild words, fhe
Indians answered with great pride, that hee would not hearken vnto him. B.iltasar de Gal-
legi>s, which stood by, tookc hold of a gowne of martcrns which hee had on; and hee cast '^5™"^"'
it oner his heal, and left it in his hands: and because all of them immcdiatly began to
stirrc, Baltasar de Gallegos gaue him surh a wound with his coiitilas, that hee opened him
downe llic backe, and presently all the Itidians with a great crie came out ol the houses shoot-
ing their arrowes. The Gouernour consiilcring, that if hee tarried there, hee could not escape,
and if hee commanded his men to c<mie in, which were without the towne, the Indians within
the houses might kill their horses, and doe much hurt, ranne out of the towne, and before
hee came out, hee Cell twice or thrice, and those that were with him did helpc him vp
againe; anil he and those that were witli him were sore wounded: and in a mo-
ment there were due Christians slaine in the towne. The (Jouernour caine running out of the
towne, crying out, that euery inan should stand farther ofl', because from the wall they did
them much hurt. The Indians seeing that the Christians retired, and some of them, or the
most part, more then an ordinary pase, shot with great boldnesse at them, and strookc downe
such as they could ouertake. The Indians which the Christians did lead with them in chaines,
liad laid tlowne their burthens neere vnto the wall : and assoone as the Gouernour and his
men were retired, the men of Manilla laid them on the Indians backs againe, and tooke them
into the towne, and loosed them presently from their chaines, and gaue them bowes and ar-
rowes to fight wiihall. 'fhus they possessed theinsclues of al the clothes and |)erles, and all jnV''et'i!:'"ot"the
that the Christians had, which their slaucs carried. .And because the Indians had been al- chiistiam »i-tr
waics peaceable \ntill wee came to this place, some of our men had their weapons in their ''^"'
fardels and remained vnarmed. And from others that had entred the towne with the Gouern-
our they had taken sworils and halebards, and fought with them. When the Gouernour was
gotten info the field, hee called for an horse, and with some that accompaniL-d him, hee re-
turned and slew two or three Indians : All the rest retired themselucs to the towne, and shot
with their bowes from the wall. And those which presumed of their nimb!ene«, sallied foorth
to fight a stone-i caNt from the wall : And when the Christians charged them, they retired
themselucs at their leasure into the towiie. At the time that the broile began, there were in
the towne a Frier, and a Priest, and a seruant of the (iouernour, with a woman slaue : and
they had no time to come out of the towne: and they tooke an house, and so remained in
liie towne. The Indians beeing become .Masters of the place, thev shut the doore with a
liclil nale ; and among them was one sword which the (iouernors seruant had, and with it he
set him-elfe behind the doore, thrusting at the Indians which sought to C(mie into them : and
the Frier and the I'rie^t stood on the other side, each of them with a barre in their hands to
heatc him downe that first came in. The Indians seeing thev could not get in by the doore,
brjjan to \ncoucr the house top. Hy this time, ail the horsemen and footemen which were
behind, were come to Manilla. Here there were sundrie opinions, whether thev should charge
the Indians to enijr the towne, or whether thev should leauc it, because it w.as hard to enter:
and in the end it was rcsolucd to set vpon them.

Chap,

!iy

It!

'<. t.

, '^

> t

f^* r ^' |i

\l.'.\

I'iii ■

h t:

r .'-ti

513

A (• 'nsiihation
of the InUi'iis to
iciiil .i\v.,j thiir

The di-nhnf
ajOO. lliJnii.s.

Thf HoM of

it^.'-j lourtix.-
Iiuin Mauill.i.

VOYAGES NAIIIOATIONS, T/ic dhcoitcrk of Florida

Chap. XIX.

How the Goiicrnour set his nun in order, and cntrcd the lownc of Manilla.

ASsoone as the batiell and the rcreward wire icnie to Manilla, the Gonernour ronimandcj
all (hose tli;il were Insl mined to ali;;ht. and made foure sqnadrons of loofTncn. The Indijiiw
sceinjv how In- w:w >eliinj> hi-, men in order, eoncliided with the C'aciqne, that hce s!i(i|||,|
goc his way, i-aNing vnt' him, as after it was knowne by eertainc women that were taken
there, that he was l)nt one ni.in, and eould fight but for one man, and that they had ilurc
among them many print ipill Indians \crie valiant and expert in feates oiarmes, that any oiic
ol" them was able to order the peo|)Ie there ; and forasmuch as matlcrs) of warre were suliip, )
1(1 easualtie, and it was vnceriaine wliii li part should oucrcome, they wished him to sane him-
selfe, to iheend, (hat if it fil out that ihi-y should end their daies there, as they deteriniiuil,
rather (lien to be ouenoinc, iJu-re ini>;lu remaine one to goucrnc the ("ountrie. For all this
hce would not liaue gon away : but tliey vrged him so mnrh, that with lifleenc or twrntie
Indians of liis owne, hei- went out ( f the townc, and ( irried away a skarlat eloke, and othrr
things of the Christians goods ; as nuuh cs hee was able to earrie, and seemed best vnio
him. The (ionernour was infornievi how tht-i.' vent men out of the towne, and hee idin-
manded the horsemen to beset it, and sent in enery scpiadron of foolemen »)ne soulditr vv'ni,
a tirebrand to set (iie on the houses, that the Iniiians might haue no defense : all his nu'ii be-
ing set in i)rder, hee commanded an hareul)U/ to bee shot olT. The signe being giuea, tlu-
foure squadrons, eucry one by it selfe with great furie, gaue the onset, and with great liiirt
on both sides they entred ihc towne. The IVier and the Priest, and those that were with tlicm
in the house were saued, which lost the lines of two men of account, and valiant, whiiii
»ame thither to succour them. The Indians fought with such courage, that many times tliiv
draue our men out of the towne. The light lasted so long, that for wearinesse and grea
thirst many of the Christians went to a poole that was iieere the wal, to drink, whieii u,,,
;ill stained with the blooti of the dead, and then came againc to light. The (Jcuernour see-
ing this, entred among the footemen into the (owne on horseback, with eertainc that accdin.
panied him, an<l w.as a meane that (he Christians eame to set lire on the houses, and brake :ii ,1
ouere;nne the Indians, who running out ol' the towne from the fcolemen, the hiTseinen vsiili.
out draue in at (he gates again, where being widiout all hope of life, (hey fuught \ali:inil\,
& after the ('hrisiians lame among the to handy blowes, seeing themselues in great disires-'
without any succour, manv of (hem (led into the burning hou>es, where one spon an(ii',,r
they were smothered and burnt in the lire. The whole luimber of (he Indians that died i;i
this towne, were two thousand anil fine hundred, little more or lesse. Of the Chri-iian,
there died eighteene ; of which one was Don <. arlos, brodier in law to the (ionernour, aiiil
a nephew of his, and one lohn de (lame/., and Men Hodrigue/. I'ortugals, and lohn N'axjmv
lie X'illanoiia de Harca Hota, all nun of honour, and of much \alour: (he rest were lodie-
men. Besides (hose that were -laine, (lire were an hundred and iiftie wounded wi(h T(in.
Nvoiinds of (heir arrowes : and i( pleased God (ha( of very dangerous wonnils (hey were qiii( kl'.
healed. Mereoner, (here were twelue hnrscs slaine, and seuentie hurt. All (he i l(Jtlie,
which (he Christians carried with (!iem (o cl(i(he (hemselues withall, and (he ornament^ lo
say .Masse, and (he perle-, were all burnt (here : anil (he Chris(ians did se( (hem on lire
thetnselues ; because (hey held for a grea(er incomieiiience, (he hurt which (he Indians mi^hi
doc (hem from (hose houses, where they had gathered all those goods together, (hen liie
losse of (hem Mere the (ionernour vnilerstood, that Francisco .Maldonado w.iited for hin
at (he ror( of Oeluise, and (ha( i( was si\e daies iournie from (hence ; and he dealt w itii lohn
Ortiz (i) keepe it si i ret, because he hid no( accomplished (hat which he dedrniined (o (ioe ;
and because (he perles were l)urn( there, which he meant to haue sent to Cuba for a slnw,
(hat the people he: riny; t!ic iiewes, uiight be desirous to come to that Coun(rie. He (eared
also, tha( if (he\ should haue newes ol him wJ(hou( seeing from I'lorida neither g' Id nor
sillier, nor any (hing of value, it would get *iich a name, that no man would se«.ke (o gee

(liilher

■ I

scoHcric of Floridii,

of Manilla,

iiiornoiir rommantk'il
ilincn. The In(liaii>i,

uc, that hec slmiilii
ncii that wore taken
d that they had ilurc

r arincs, that any oiu-
of warn" were siihicci
ihcd him to sane iiini-

as they dctcrniiiud,

ountrie. For all this
ih liflccMic or twciiiu'
arlat tloke, and otluT
lid seemed beMi vnto
owiu", and hee i(iin.
nen one sonldiir wiili
ense: all h\-< nu'ii \w-
gne heiiifj I'.iniM, the
t, and with !;ri'at luirt
se thai were with them
It, and \aliant, whit I)
, that many times thcv

wearinesse and <;r(':,t

, to drink, which \\,,-,

The {'icnernour -n'-

til certainc I'.iat ;Hnim.

houses, anil brake ;,i;.l
en, tlic hiir»emi'ii vvlin.
, they i'uii;;ht \ali:mirv,
■ielties in ^reat distic- ,
lerc one spon aimii.;
c Indians that died ia
sse. or the Chii«ti;iii>
to the (ioiiernonr, and
i<;aU, and lohn Navquc/
r : the rest were lodii'-
I'tie wounded with TOO.
innds they were qiiirklv

hurt. All the < lothcs
, and the ornanieni'i to

did set tiiein on (in-
which the Indians lui^iu
lods tosjellur, then llii:
donado wailed for him
; and he dealt with lolin
1 he det< rniined to doe ;
ent to Cuba lor a -\u\\,
at ("ountrie. He Icarcd
lorida neither ^i Id ncr
an would sevkc lo t;i <"
thillur

wf.r/ adioijning to Virg;inia. TRAFFIQUE55. AND DISCOUERIES. 513

thither, when he should hauc nccdc of people. And so he determined to send no ncwcs of
himselfe, vntili hec had found some rich Countric.

Chap. XX.

How the Goiiernour departed from Manilla toward Chica^a, and what happened

vnto him.

FKom the time that the Gonernonr cnfrcd into Florida, vntili his departure fmin Mauilla,
there died an hundred and two Christians, some of sicknesse, and others which the Indians
slew. He staled in Mauilla, because of the wounded men, eight and tweniie dales: all
whi( h time he lay in the (icld. It was a well inhabited and a fat Countrie. there were some
great & walled towncs: and many houses scattered all about the fields, to wit, a crosscbow ^^[|''^^' "J^
.shot or two, the one from the other. Vpon Sond.iy, the eighteenth of Nouember, when ix.or Noucm-
the hurt men were knowne to bee healed, the (iouernonr departed from Mauilla. Euery one'"''
furnished himselfe with Maiz for two dales, and they trauelled fine dales through a desert ;
they came to a Prouince called I'afallaya, vnto a towne, named Talicpataua : and from thence "'^''■^n""-
they went to another, called Cabnsto: ncere vnto it ran a great Kincr. The Indians on the cahust...
other side cried out, threatning the Christians to kill them, if they sought to passe it. The ""'^
Gonernonr commanded his men to make a barge within the towne, because the Indians should
not perceiue it : it was finished in fourr dales, and being ended, he commanded it to be
carried one night vpon sleds halfea league vp the Riuer. In the morning there enfred into
it ihirtie men well arn ed. The Indians |)ercciued what was attempted, and those which were
neercst, came to defend the passage. They resisted what tlu" could, till the Christians came
ncere them ; and seeing that the barge came to the shore, they fled away into the groucs ofC'"'"""''^''
canes. The Christians mounted on iiorsebacke, and went vp the Riuer to make good the
passage, whereby the (iouernonr and his companie passed the Riuer. There were along the
Riuer some Idwnes well stored with Mai/ and I'rench Heanes. From thence to Chica(;a the ''"'"' "™"'^-'
Gonertiour tr.iuelled (in-' dales through a desert. Hee came to a Riuer, where on the other- ■^ "■""■''•
side were Indi.nis to defend ti'C passage. He made another barge in two dales ; and when it
was finished, the (iouernonr sent an Indian to request the (Cacique to accept of his friendship,
ami |)eaceal)lv to expect his comming: whom the Indians that were on the other side the
Riuer -lew before his lace, and presently making a great shout went their way. Hailing
i>a-se<l the Riuer, the next dav, being the 17. of December, the Gonernonr came to Chicara, J?"""*""'
a small towne of twentie houses. And after they were come to Chicat;a, thcv were nnich
troubled with cold, because it was now winter and it snowed, while most of them were lodged ■'^""« jnJmuiii
in the fiehl, before they h.ad time to make themselues bouses. This Countrie was very welT"''*'
jjeopled, and the houses scattered like those of .Manilla, fat and plentifull of .Maiz, anil the
most part of it was fielding: they gathered as much assnllUed to passe the winter. Sonic
Indians were taken, among which was one whom the Cacique esteemed greatly. The Go-
iiernour sent an Indian to signifie to the Cacique, that he desired to see him ;ind to haiie his
friendship. The Cacique came vnto him, to otl'er him his person, Countric and subiccts,
and told him, that he would cause two other Caciques to come to him in peace ; who wiriiin
few dales after came with him, and with their Indians: The one was « ailed Aliniamu, the
other Nicalasa. They gauc a present vnto the (ionernour of an hundred and (iftie conies, Conit:-
and of the Countrie garments, to wit, of mantles and skinnes. The Caciipic of Chicaqa
came to visit him many times ; and sometimes the (iouernonr sent to call him, and sent him
a horse to goe and come. He compl.ilned vnto him, that a subiect of his was risen against
him, and depriued him of his tribute, reqncsiinii his aide against him, for hec meant to
speke him in his Countrie, and to punish him aceording to his desert. Which was notiiin<T
els but a fained plot. For thcv determined, assoonc as the (iouernonr was "-one with hiiii, An indiun «!»-
and the Campe was dinided into two parts, the one part of them to set vpon the Goiiernour,*'''^™''
and the other vpon them that remained in Chicaqa. Hec went to the towne where he vsed
to kccpc hij residence, and brought with him two hundred Indians with their bowcs and ar-

VOL. V. 3 U rowcs.

• V

■ r>

1 1 .' '

l-'l

rMlir,,

514 VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, The dhcouerie of Florida,

rowes. The Goucrnour tookc thirtic horsemen, and cightie foojcmen, and they went t
saquechumi. Snqiierhuma (for so wax the Prniiince called of that chierc man, which he said had rebelled 1
A^iiifd lovvnc. They found a walled towne, without any men: and those which went with the Cacique set
fire on the hoiiHes, to di^tsemble their treason. But by reason of the great care and heedful,
nesse, that was as well in the (Joiiernours people which hee carried with him, as of il„„e
which remained in (MiieiKja, tliey durst not assault them at that time. The Goucrnour iniijtcd
the Cacique, and cerlaine principnll Indians, and gauc them hoj^ges flesh to cate. And
though they did not commonly vse it, yet they were so greedic of it, that cucrynijiht there
came Indians to ccrtuine houses a crossebow shot from the Camp, where the hogges lay, ;,nj
killed, and carried awav as many as they could. And three Indians were taken in the m;uuKr.
Two of them the (Jouernor commanded to be shot to ■' with arrowes ; and to cut oir the
hands of the other ; \: he sent him so handled If iIk- Cacique. Who made as though it
grieued him ^ they had offended the Gouernor, and that he w.is glad that he had e\e( utcd that
punishment on them. lie lay in a plainc Countrie half a league from the place, where the
Christians lodged. Fourc hor-iemen went a straggling thither, to wit, Francisco Osorio, .md
a seruant of the Marques of Astorga called Heynoso, and two seruants of the (iouenidur
the one his p,ii;e called Kibcri, and the other I'uentes his Chamberlaine : and these had taken
from tlie Indians some skinnes, and some mantles, wherewith they were ofleiuled, :uid fdf.
sooke their houses. The Goucrnour knew of it, and commanded them to bee appreliciided ;
and condemned to death Francisco Osorio, and the Chamberlaine as principals, and ,il of tU^■n^
to losse of goods. The Friers and Priests an«l other principall persons were earnest wiili \nm
to pardon Francisco Osorio his life, &; to mciderate his sentence, whii h lice would not >;r,iiit
for .my of them. While he was readie to command them to be <lrawne to the market place
to cut oil' their heads, there came certaiue Indians from the Cacitpie to complaine of iheiii.
lohn Orii/, at the request of Raltas.ir de Gallegos and other persons. chang<'d their word*,
and told the Gouernour, that the Cacique said he had notice how his Lordship helil tiiosc
Christians in prison for his sake, and that they were in no fault, neither h.id they done liim
any wrong, and that if he would do him anv fauour he would set them free. And he iuld
the Indians; That the Gouernour said, he had them in prison, iSj that he woidd punish ihcni
in such sort, that they should bee an example to others. Hereupon the Gouernour torn-
niandcd (he prisoners to be loosed. Assoonc as March was come, hee determined to dep;iii
from Cl)ita(;'a, and demanded of the Cacique two hundred men for cariages. He sent liim
Mirih, 1J4I. arswere, that hee would speake with his principall men. \'pon Twesdav th«; eight of Manh.
the (ii uernour went to the towne where he was, to aske him '"or the men : Hee told him, h<'
would send them the next day. Assoone as the Ciouernour was come to Chi(ai;:i, he lol,!
Luys de .Moscoso the Camp-master, that hee mislikcd the Indians, and that he should keepc
a strong watch that night, which hee remembred but a little. The Indians came at the seiund
wat( h in foure scjuadrons, euery one by it selfe, and assoone as they were descried, ilicv
sounded a drum, and gaue the assault with a great cry, and with so great celeriiie, that prc-
senlU they entred with the scoutes, that were somewhat distant from the Campe. And win n
the\ were per(eiued of them which were in the towne, halfe the houses were on lire, vshidi
tiiey ha. I ki idlei!. That night three horseme.i chanced to bee skouls, two of them wire of
base caliiiig, and the worst men in all iheC.inp, and the other, which was a nephew of the
(ioiiernmir, wl»i( h \ntill then was held for a tall man, shewe<l himsclfe there as great a cinv-
ard, as anv ol ilicin ; fr all of then) ran away. And the Indians without any resistance
came aiid set the tiiwne on (ire ; and taried without behind the doores for the Christians,
which r.ni i ut of tlie houses, not hauing any leasure to arme theniselues ; and as they ran
hither and thither ama/ed with the noise, and blinded with the smoke & llame of the (ire,
thev kn» w not wiiich wav thev went, neithir could they light vpnn their weapons, nor saddle
their horses, neither saw they tlie Indians that shot them. Manie of the h<irses were burned
in the stables, and these which could bre.ike their halters gat loose. The disorder and (light
w:i> siirh, that eucry man (led \>iiicli way lie could, without leaning any to resist the Indians.
Hut God, (which chastiseih his according to his pleasure, and in the greatest necessities and

dangers

C'l.ic-i^t «l en
liff b. Ihe

lud.int.

■ •'Si

• I

< h ..

Li J- •&**

■«0

F'l,

Mi'

Jtcouerie of Florida,

nextadlot/nlngloVirfitnia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 515

danRew tiusfaineth them with his hand,) so blinded the Indians, that they saw not what they
had done, and thought that the horses which ran loose, wcr^' men on horschac kc, that qa-
thered themsehics together to set vpon them. The Gouernour only rml on horscbackc, and
wilh him a «oiiidier called Tapia, and set vpon the Indians, and sfrikinR the first hn met with
hit) lance, the saddle fell with him, which with haste was eiiill girded, and so hec fell from
his horse. And all the people that were on foote were fled to n wood out of the townc, and
there asxembled thcmselues together. And because it was ni^hf, and thai the Indiana thought
the horses were men on horsebacke which came to set vpon them, as I said bt Titc, they fled ;
and one onely remained dead, and that was he whom the Gouernour slew wilh his lance. The
towne lay all burnt to ashes. There was a woman burned, who, after sliee aid her husband
were both gone out of their house, went in againe for certaine pcrles, which they had for-
gotten, and when she would hauc come out, the fire was so great at the doore that shee cculd
not, neither could her husband succour her. Other three Christians came out of their lodg-
ings so cruelly burned, that one of them died within three dales, and the other two were
carried many dales each of them vpon a couch betweene siaues, which the Indians carried
on their shoulders, for otherwise they could not trauell. There died in this hurliburlie eleuen
Christians, and fil'lie horses; and there remained an hundred hogges, and foure hundred were The inneiie o{
burned. If any perchance had saucd any clothes from the fire of Manilla, here they were '^^"'
burned, and many were clad in skinnes, for they had no leasure to take their coates. They
endured much cold in this place, and the chiefcsf remedic were great fires. They spent all
nigtit in turnings without sleepe : for if they warmed one side, they freesed on the other.
Some inuented the weaning of cerlaine mats of drie iuie, & did weare one beneath, and
another abone: many laughed at this deuice, whom afterward necessitie inforced to doe the
like. The Christians were so spoiled, and in such want of saddles & weapons which were
burned, that if the Indians had come the second ri'tht, tliey had ouercome them with little
labour. They remcoued thence to the towne where the Cacique was wont to lie, because itTl<ttownf
was in a champion couiitrie. Within eight dales alter, there were many lances and saddles *q"/ijy!
made. There were ash trees in those parts, whereof they made as good lances as in Biscay. Aih trees.

■Ca-

Chap. XXI.

How the Indians set againe vpon the Christians, and how the Gouernour went to
Alimanui, beyond which towne in warlike sort they tarried for him in the way.

VPon Wednesilay the !.'>. of March l,')4l. after the Gouernour had hedged 8. daies in a

plaine, halle a league from the place which he had wintered in, after he had set vp a forge,

and tempered the swords which in ("hlca<;a were burned, and made many targets, saddles,

and lances, on Tu<'s«lav night, at the morning watch, manv Indians came to assault the Campe

in three squadrons, eiierv one by thcmselues : Those which watched gaue the alarme. The

Gouernour with great speed set his men in order in other three squadrons, and leaning some

to defend the Campe, went out to incounler them. The Indians were ouercome and put to

flight. The ground was ( hampion and lit for 5 Christians to take the aduantage of them ;

and it was now breake of day. Hut there happened a di-order, whereby there were not past

ihirtie or fortie Indians slaine: and this it was: that a Frier cried out in the Campe without

any iust occasion, To the Campe, To the Campe: Whereupon the Gouernour and all the rest

repaired thither, and the Indians h.id time to saue themselues. There were some taken, by

whom the Gouernour informed hiinscKe of the Conntrie, through which bee was to passe.

The 'i5. of Aprill, he departed from Cliicaqa, and lodged Mt a small towne called Alimamn. jj. t.f Arnii.

They had very little Mai/., and ihe\ were to passe a desert of scuen daies iournie. The nexl^'"""""'

day, the Gouernour sent three Capiainc* euerie one his way with horsemen and footemen to

seeke prouision to passe the desert. And lohn Dannusco the Auditor went with fifteene

horsemen, and 40. footemen that way that the Gouernour was to goe, and found a slron<T

fort m,ide, where the Indians staled for him, and many of them walked on the top of it with

their weapons, hauing their bodies, thighes and armes okered and died with blacke. white. ^'"'"' *'''"•
• ° « n y II yiio" itiJ red

3 yj * yellow colour..

■•I

;}

' ..!

1,:,
r. ■

t .

:>i(i

11 'i^f^i

, f.

I /, ■ Ir HI

11 ',9.1

■'''^11:.

Ih'^

h'M

A dfifft of
MUCH ilairs.

A townr of

VOYAGES, NAUICATIONS. Tlie tliicoucrit of t^^^ida,

yellow nml red, striped like vnto pnineH, no that they Khewod an thniiKh they went in ho,,-
and doublets : and tome of them had pliiinfM, and other* hail hornen on their head-*, and their
fiicc!4 blarke, and their cies done round about with Mtraken of red, to Necme more liercp, /\,.
•none an thev saw tlut the Christians approched, with a j{reat crie sounding two drumnifs
with prrat furie they sallied foorth to receiue them, lohn Dannusro and those that were with
him, ihoufrhl nood to auoid them, and to acquaint the (iouernour therewith. They riiircd
to a piaine piare, a rrossobowshot from the fori in si^ht of it, the footemen, llic rr(is„.|„n^,.
men, and iar);itters placed themselues before the horsemen, that they mi^ht not hurt ilu-
horses. The Indians sallied out by seiu-n and scuen, and ei^hl and eijjht to shootc thi ir ar-
rowes, and retired a^aine : and in sijjht of the C'hristi.ujs they m.ide a lire, and tookc aii In.
dian.some bv the feetc, and some by the head, and nuule as thou);h thev went to cast him into
the (ire, an<l naue him first many knocks on the head : sijjnifyinj;, that they meant -o to liandle
the Cliristi.ms John Danusco snil three horsemen to aduerliNe the tiourrnonr lureoj, \\^
came pre«entlv : for his intent w.is to driue them from thence, saying, that if he did it nm
thev would be emboldned to cliar){e him another time, when they mij;lit <loe hint more li.irinc'
He made the horsemen to alight, and set his men in foure scjuadrons : The si^ne Ix'injr jii,n,„'
they set \ pon the Ititlians, which made resistance till the Clirisiians came neere the fort, niul
as.oonc as thev saw thev could not defend iheschies, by a place where a brooke pa^>.C(l iircif
the fort, thev ran awav. an<l fr^ni llx- oiherside they shot some arrowes ; and b«'(auscai iiiaj
instant we knew no ford for the horses to |)asse, they had time cnnuuh to jrct ,,||| ,,(• ^^^^^
danger. 'I'hree Indians were sl.iine there, and many Chrisiians were hint, whcrdij wiilun
few dales, there died (iftcene bv the wav. ;\ll men tliouuht the (ioucrimur to bee in i,,,,!,
because he sent not to see the dispo^ilioll of the place on the other side of the Hint r, aiul
to know the pa-sage before hee set \pon them. Tor with the hope they had to »aue ilicm.
seines by (light that wav, when they saw none other meanes, they fought til thev were
broken, and it was an iiu duragement to defend thcntselues vntill then, and to od'eiul ihc
Chrisiians without any danger lo themsclues.

Chtp. X\II.

How the Gouernour went from Alimamu to Qui/.(pii/, and from thence to Hio

(irande, or the great Hiuer.

THree daies after thev had soug'it some Maiz, whereof they found but little store, in ri jiril
of that which was needliill, and that for this cause, as well lor their sakes that were wouruli I
it was ncedlull for them to re-t. as for the great iournie they were to march to come wlnrc
store (if Maiz was : yet the (loucrnour wa- inforced to depart piesentlie toward liui/(jiii/,
He trauelled scuen daies through a dc»ert of maiiv n»ari»hes and thickc woods; but it inii>hi
all be trauelled on horseb ick, except sonu- lakes whi<li thev swamme ouer. Hee cnmc 1 1 a
towne of the IVouince of(iui/tpii/ wilh(Uit being descried, and tooke all the people in it
belore ilu'v came out of their houses. The mother of the ("acnpie was taken there : ,iiul he
sent Mito him bv an Indian, thai he should come to see him, ami that he would giue him Ins
mother, and al lh«' people which he h id taken there. The C'ac ique sent Inm answere ai;;iinc,
that lii« Lordship should loose and send them lo him, and that he would come to vi>it and
seme him. The Cinuernour, b:cau>c his people for want of .Maiz were somewhat weake x \
wearie, and the horses al-o were leane, determined to accomplish his recpu'st, to see if lee
Could h.ui p( ace with him. and xo coininanded to set free his mother and all the re-t, and
with Icuing words di-imi»sed them and sent them to him. 'I'he next dav, when the (Inner-
nourcxpccttd the (" icique, there caini- m iiiv Iiulians with their bowcs and arrowes with a
purpose I. set vpon ihe ("hristians. The (i(Hieri;or had conunandcd all the horsemen to he
armed, and on hopsebacke, and in a readines. Whei, the Indians siw that thev were readir,
they staled a (rossebowc shot from the plai e where the i.'ouernonr was iiecrc a broi.ke. And
alter h life an hniire that thev had stood there stil, there came to the Camp sixe princip;ill
Indian!*, uikI said, tliey came to !>ce what pcuple they were, and that iuiig agoe, they liail

been

I \r

icoutrU of Florida,

> they went in lm«e
luir hcaiU, uiul their
no more lierie. Ah-
Hhufl two ilrummcM
those that were vviili
pwith. They riiircil
men, the crusst Ik^v.
y nii^ht not hmi the
ht to (thoote ihi ir ;\r-
ire, and tookc an In.
went locaxt him iiiKi
oy meant »o to haiullc
ucmour htri'iil. He
that if he did it imi,
doe him more liarnu'.
he sij!;ne hcin^' uiiien,
nn" neere the lori, and
I l)rouke |)a«se<l nrirr
M : and liec aiise at iluit
\mh to gel out (i| (,iir

hill I. whlTCnl' witlllll

icriiour to liee in Linli,
.idc ol' the UiuiT, ami
lev liail to "aiie tlum-
V fought til they wiip
len, and to ull'end ik

rom thence to lUo

;)Ut little -itore.in rr^nn!
ikes that v\ere woinulcl,
1) inarih to rome wlure
LMitiie toward (1111/(1111/,
ikc woods : hut it ini^lit
e ouer. I lee ea'ne l>a
ike all the people in it
wa-i taken there : and ho
at he would kIiu- hint Ins
4ent hiin an-iwerc nuaine,

would eoine to vi»il and
i-re ".oinewhat wealvo n il
ii> re(|uest, to lee il ice
ther and all the re-i, and
tt day, when the (loner-
)(.wc» and arrowr-* wiili a
ed all the hor-iemeii to he

iw that tliev were readir,
kvas neere a hroike. And
lie Camp tixe priiKip;ill

that long agoe, they had
been

next mlioi/ning to Vh-ninia. TltAFFIQUl'S, AND DISCOUF-FUDS. 517

been inlormed hy their foreCatherx, " That a white people should tiubdue them- and llialAiw.i.ipi.,.
" therefore they would reliirnc to their Cacique, and bid him eome presently to (d)ey and''"'""
" itertie the Gouernour:" and alter they ha«l presented him with sixe or n-uen skinneH and
maiitleH which ihev brou«hl, they looke their leaue of him, and returned with the other,
whieh waite<l for them by the brookeside. The Cac i(pie neiier eame againc nor sent other
nie-sage. And beeau-e in the towiie where the (Joiiernour lodged, there was small store
of Mai/., he remooued to another halfe a league from Kio (irande, where lliey f'lind P't"">'i'' *";'',''/;,[;••;;;■
of Mai/. : Ami he went to see the Iliiier. and found, that neere viito it wa> great store ol KwuiVuMii
limber to make barges, :ind good situation of ground to iiieampe in. I'resenflv he remooued""""'
himselfc thither 'I'hey made houses, and piK Iwd their C:impe in a plaiiie held a rrossebow
shot from the Uiiier. .\n<l thither was gathered all the Ntai/, oft' v tow;iPs, whieh they h.id
lately passed. They began pre-enilv to eiit and hew down timber, and to «aw p!ankes lor
barnes. The Indians e.iine presently down the Kiiier ; tlie\ leaped on shore, and declared
|o ^ (louernor, I'hat they were sul)ie(ts of a great I.ord, whnsi- name wa- A<|ui\o, who was '\'i'"» ■■ m'"|
Lord ol many townes, and gouerned many people on the other side of the Kiiier, and eame w.'li ,1", ,1 k,.,
to tell him on his behalfe, that the next day he with al his me'i would emnc to see, what iti!'""!"'
would please him to tdinmaml him. The next day wit'i speed, the Caeicjiic eame with two r*Miun,ir.d
hundred canies full of Indiana with their bowes and arrowes, painted, and with jjreat plumes""""*
of while leathers, and many other colours, wil'i shields in their hands, wherewith they de-
fended the rowers on both sides, and the men of warre stood from tlu' head to the sterne,
with their bowes ami arrowes in their haiuls. 'The canoe wherein the Cacicjue w.is, had a
till ouer the sterne, and hee sale viider the tilt ; and so were other (anoes of I le principall
Indians And from vnder the till where the c hiefe man sat, hec gouerned and commanded
the other peo|)le. All ioynetl together, ami came within a stones cast <d' the nhoro. From
ihence the Cacique saiil to the (ioiiernoiir, whiih walked along the Hiiiers side with otherH
that wailed on him, that he was come thither to visit, to honour, and to obey him ; because
he knew he w.is the greatest and mi;;htiesi Lord on the earth: therefore he would see what
lie would command him to doe. The (ioiiernour \eelded him ihankes, and requested him
to Come on shore, that thev inicbl the better communicate together. And without any answerc
to that point, hee sent him three canoes, wherein was great store offish and loanes, made "f'|u^", '""'"'
the substance of prunes like \nto bricked. After he hail receiueil al, he thanked him, and
jinyed him aijaine to cotne onshore, .And because the Caciques purpose was, to see if with
dissimulation he might doe some hurt, when thev saw that the (Jiniernmir and his mc.i were in
reailinesse, thev be^an to goe from the shore: and with a great crie, the crossebowmcn which
were ready, shot at them, and slue line or sixe of them. They retired with great order:
none did leaue his oare, though the next to him were sl.iinc ; and shielding themseliies, thev
wenl farther oil! Afterward they came m:iny times ami landed : and when any (d" vs came
toward them, they (led Miio their canoes, which were verie pleasant to behold : for they were ('„<«iiy g«ai
very great and well made, and had their tilts, plumes, paiiescs, and (lagges, and with ihe'''"^'"'
multitude of people that were in them, they seemed to be a fairc armie of gallies. In ihir-
lie (laves space, while the (ioiiernour remained there, they made foiire barjjes : In three of ''"""'"'£"
which hee (ommanded twelue horsemen to enter, in each of them fourc ; in a morntng, three
hmircs before dav, men which hee trusted would land in despight <if the Indians, and make
t^iire the passage, or die, and some fooiemen being crosseb iwmen went with them, and
rowers to set them on the other side. And in the other barge he c<nnmaiuled lohn de CJuz-
man to passe with the lootemen, which was made Captaine in stead of It.ok isto .Maldonado.
And because the sireame was swift, they went a quirter of a league vp the Hiuer ahmg the
lianckc, and crossinjr ouer, fell downe with the streaine, and l.uided ri^ht oner against
the Camp. Two stones east before they came to land, the horsemen went out of the barges
<in horsebacke to a sandie plot very hard and cleere ground, where ill ol them landed with-
<nit any resistance. As.soone as those that passed lirst, were on l:i ul on the other side, the '''I'T p>'«' 'w
barges returned to the place where the (ioiiernour was : and within two houres alter .Sunne- '*"""""''■
rising, all the people were ouer. The Kiucr was almost halfe a league broad. If a man ]il'„,'^'i','"ieT'

stood '"t"' '''"jJ.

ill

■ $'

\f},

;,S

■•ill

f|ip«.:"^t,

'II

518

A tcwne.

Pifitii ncerf
vnto Chi&ca.

Grcai toonm.

THf firjf tT-»ne
of l"4ii];.i.

Anjthtr townc.

Walnut trert
uilh Suit »hcli.

Many MulSen
rir ttcr« jn<l
plum trrrs.

Manv grcjt

to«nei.

VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, 2%c rfiscoweric of Florida

stood still on the other side, it coiild not be disrcrned, whether he were a man or no
The Riiier was of great depth, and of a strong current : the water was alwaies muddie : ihere
came downe the Hiuer continually many trees and timber, which the force of the water
and streame brcufjht downc. There was great >tore of fish in it of Hundric sorts, and tiic
most of it differing from the freshwater fish of Spaine, as hereafter shall be shewed.

Chap. XXIII.

How the Gouornoiir departed from Aquixo to Casqui, and from thence to Pacaha :
and how this Countrie ditferclh from that which we had passed.

HAuing passed Kio grande, the Goucrnour trauclled a league and an halfe, and came to a
great towne of Aquixo, which was dispeopled beloro hce came thither. They espied ihirije
Indians comming ouer a plaine, which the Cacique sent, to discouer the Christians deter-
mination : and assoone as they had sight of ihcm, they tooke themselucs to flight. The
horsemen pursued ihcni, and slue tcnne, and tonke fifteene. And because the towne
whither the Goucrnour went, was ncere vnto the Riuer, he sent a Captaine, with as ninny
men as he thought suflicient to carric- the barges vp tiie Hiuer. And because in his traiielling
by land many times he went farre from the Riuer to compasse the creekes that came from \(
the Indians tooke occasion to set vpon them of the barges, and put them in great danger, be-
cause that by reison of the great current, they durst not leaue the shore, and from ihehancke
they shot at them. Assoonc as the Goucrnour was come to the towne, hee presently sent
cnissebow men downe the Riuer, which came to rescue them; and vpon the comming of the
barges to the towne, hee commanded them to bee broken, and losaue the iron for oihers,
when it should bee needfull. Hee lay there one night, and the day following, hee set Inr.
ward to seeke a I'rouince, called Pacaha : which hee was infcirmed to bee ncere vnto C'l\i<c3,
where the Indians told him there was gold. He passed through great towiu's of Aquixo, which
were all abandoned for feare of the Ciirislians. Hee vndcrstood by certaine Indians that
wero taken, that three daies iournie from thence dwelt a great Cacique, whose name wa>
Casqui. Hee came to a small Riuer, where a bridge was made, by which ihey passed ; ii^,
day till Sunset, ihcv went all in water, which in some places came to the waste, and In sonf
to the knee* When they saw ihemsclues on dry laud, they were very glad, because ihrv
feared they should wander \ p and downe as forlorne men al night in the water. At n'ume
ihcy came to the first towne of Casqui : they found the Indians carelesse, because llu y h-nd
no knowledge of them. There were many men and women taken, and store of good^, as
mantles and skiiines, as well In the lirst towne, as in another, which stoml in a fiekl hallVa
league from thence in sight of it ; whither the horsemen ran. This Countrie is higher, drier,
and more (hampion, than any part bordering necre the Riuer, that vntill then they had
scene. There were in the fields inanv Walnut trees, bearing soft shelled Walnuts in I'a-hlon
like bullets, and in ihc houses thcv found manv ofthem, which the Indians had laid vp in store,
'I'lie trees dilTcred in nothing else from those cd' Spaine, nor from those which we had scene
before, but onely that they haue a smaller leafe. There were many Mulberrie trees mi
I'luin trees, wliicli bare red plums like those of Spaine, and other grav, somewhat ditlcrln!;,
but farre I)cller. And all ihe trees are all tlie veere so fruitlull, as if thev were planted in
orchards: and the woods were veric thinnc. The Goucrnour trau' lied two daies through the
Countrie of Casqui, before hee came to the towne where the Cacique was : and the most of the
way wMsaiway by champion ground, which was full of great townes, so that from one towne,
you might see two or three. He sent an Indian (o ( eriific the Cacique, that hce was comniln;; to
t!ie pl.KC where hee was, with Intent to procure his friendship, and to hold him as his brother
W hereunto he answered, Tliat he should l)e welcome, and that he would rcceliie him wlili
speciall good wil, and aecomplisli :dl that his Lordship would command him. Hee sent liiin
a present vpon the wav ; to wit, skinnes, inanlh s, and fish : A'ld after these coinpleiiieni>,
tlie (loiiernour found all the townes, as he passed, inhahitcd with peoj)le, which pcaceahlie
attended hit> co;iiniii)g, and otfcrcd him skiniies, mantles, and fish. The Caiii}ue acr m-

(lanied

A''\*

itscouerie of Florida,

next adioyning to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

519

panied with many Indians came out of tiic towne, and staicd halfe a league on the way to
rcceiue the Gouernour, and when hee came to him, he spake these words following ;

Right high, right mighty, and renowned Lord, your Lordship is most hartilie welcome,
Assoone as I had notice of your Lordship, of your power, and your perfections, although you
came into my Countrie, killing and taking captiues the inhabitants thereof and my subjects:
vet I determined to conforme my will vnto yours, and as your owne to interpret in good part
ill! that your Lordship did : beleeuing, that it was conuenient it should be so for some iust
respect, to preuent some future matter rcuealed vnto your Lordship, and concealed from me.
For well may a mischiefc be permitted to auoid a greater, and that good may come thereof:
which I bcleeue will so fall out. For it is no reason to presume of so excellent a Prince, that
the noblenesse of his heart, and the effect of his will would permit him to suffer any vniust
thing. My abilitic is so small to seme you as your Lordship dcserueth, that if you respect
ni)t mine al)iin(lant good will, which huniblie offi?rcth all kind of scruice, 1 dc.serue but litllc
in yi'ur ])rcsence. Rut if it bee reason that this be esteemed, receiue the same, my selfe,
inv Countrie, and Rubiects for yours, and dispose of me and them at your pleasure. For if
I were I on! i-f all the world, with the same good will should your Lordship by me be rcceiued,
.scrued and obeyed.

The (louernour answered him to the purpose, and satisfied him in few words. Within a
while after both of them vsed words of great offers & courtesie the one to the other, and the
Cicique requested him to lodge in his houses. The Gouernour, to preseriie the peace the
belter, excused himsclfe, saying, that hcc would lodge in the fields. And because it was
very hot, they camped neere certaine trees a quarter of a league from the towne. The Ca-
cique went to his towne, and came againe with many Indians singing. Assoone as they The chiefc
came to the (lOuernour, all of them prostrated themselues vpon the ground. Among these ca""qucoV'
came two Indians that were blind. The Cacique made a speech : to auoid tediousnesse, I Cas^ui.
will onely tell in few wor<ls the substance of the matter. Hee said, that seeing the Gouer-
nour was the sonnc of the Sunnc, and a great Lord, he besought him to doc him the fauour
to giuc sight to those two blind men. The blind men rose vp presently, and very earnestly
requested the same of the Gouernour. He answered. That in the high heauens was he that
had power to giue them health, and whalsoeuer they could askc of him, whose seruant he
was : And that this Lord made the heauens and the earth, and mr.n after his owne likenesse,
and that he suJTerci! vpon the crosse to sane mankind, and rose againe the third day, and that
lie tiled .ns \\c was man, and ac touching his diuinitie, he was, and is immortall ; and that he
.isccnded into heauen, where he slandeth with his amies open to receiue all such .is turne vnto
him : and straightway he commanded him to make a veric high crosse of wood, which was .set
\|> in the highest place of the towne ; declaring vnto him, that the Christians worshipped the
same in resemblance and memorie of that whereon Christ suffered. The Gouernour and his
men kneeled downe before it, and the Indians did the like. The Gouernour willed him, that
from thencefoorih hee should worship the same, and §hould aske whatsoeuer they stood in
need of, of tliat Lord that he told hint was in heauen. Then he asked him how far it was
from thence to Facaha : He said, one daies iournie, and that at the end of his Countrie, there
was a lake like a brooke which falleth into Rio Grande, and that hee would send men
before to make a bridge whereby he might passe. The same day that the Gouernour de- A towne htUing.
parted ihence, he lodged at a towne belonging to Casqui: and the next day hee p.xsscd in '"*'" '"''"''
si<;ht of other townes, and came to the lake, which was halfe acros.scbow shot oucr, of a great othtt (c«n>.
ilcpth and current. At the time of his comming, the Indians had made an end of the bridge,
\vhi(h was made of timber, laid one tree after another: and on one side it had a course of
siakcH higher then the bridge, for them that passed to take hold on. The Cacique of Casqui
r.ime to the (iouernour, and brought his people with him. The Gouernour sent word by an
Indian to the Cacique «>f Faiaha, that though hee were enemie to the Cacique of Casqui, and
though hee were there, yet he would doc him no disgrace nor hurt, if he would alttd him
peaccablie, and embrace his friendship ; but rather would intreatc him as a brother. The
Indian, which the (iouernour sent, came againe, and said, that the Cacique made none
;itr(iunt of that which hcc told him, but Hed with all his men out at the other side of the

towne.

■ -^

J .... i

» 51

' m^

■In'.:

f'i ii

'f^Si^^l

i 1 ^>

■ m:

A -f^

Anotlici towuf.

KtAniic

IllJ.S.

520 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The discouerie of Florida.

townc. Prescntlie llic Goiicrnoiir ciitrcd, and ran before with tlic horsemen, that way, by

which the Indians fled ; and at another towne distant a quarter of a liagiie from thence, they

tooke many Indians : and assoonc as the horsemen iiad taiien them, they deliiiered them to

the Indians of Casqui, whom, beranse they were their enemies, with much circumspection and

reioycing, they brought to the towne where the Christians were : and the greatest griefe they

had, was this, that they could not get Icaue to ivill them. There were found in the towne

manv mantles, and Deere skinnes, Lions skins, and Beares skinnes, and many Catu skins,

I'u'i.rskmnri Mauv camc so farre poorely apparrcllcd, and there they clothed themselucs: of the mantles,

lifir.s skins' tlieyinade them cotes and cassocks, and some made gownes, and lined them with Cats skins •

anJcrsskiniifs. .^^^^j |j]^p^yjj.(. (|,(.jr rass(i( ks. Of the Dccrcs skinnes, srme made them also ierkins, shirN^

hose and shoocs : and of the Hcare skinnes, ihcy made them verie good clokes : for no wairr

Tir rt.ofraw couUl plcrcc fhcm. There were targets of raw oxc hides found there; with which hides

they armed their horses.

Chap. XXlIir.

How the Cacique of Paraha came pcaccablie to the Gouernnur, and the Cacique of
C.tsqui absented himsclfe, anil came againe to make his excuse, and how the
Ciouernour made them both friends.

VPon Wednesday, the !'.>. of lunc, the Gouernour entred into Pacaha : He lodged in the

towne, where the Cacique vsed to reside, which was very great, walled, and beset with to\v(^,

and many loopeholes were in the towers and wall. And in the t<.wne was ureat sture of ii||

Mai/, and great ijuantitie of new in the lields. Within a league and halfe a leai^ue were i;rf t

townes all walled. Where the Gouernour was lodged, was a great lake, that came nccrcviun

the wall : and it entred into a ditch that went round about the towne, wanting but a liiile i,

cnuiron it nnind. I'rom the lake to tlie great Hiuer was made a wcare by the which the li,i

came into it; which the C.ici<]ue kept for his recreation and s[)ort : with nets, that were

fi'unde in the towne, thev tooke as much as thcv would : and tooke thev nencr so niin'n,

there was no want pcrreiued. There was :iIso great store of fish in many other Likis lii;

were there.iboul. hut it was sdft, :nul not so g<HHl as that which came from the Hiuer, ,ii;i|

the nio>t of it was tlidirent from the fresh water tlsh ol Sjiaine. There was a (ish whicli liin

c;illcd Hagre. : the third part of it was head, and it had on both sides the gilles, and ,il i;.

the sides great pricks like verv sharpe anies: those of this kind that were in the lake- \m-,

as big as pikes: and in the Riucr, there were some of an hundred, and of an hundred :i;|

liflic pound- Wright, and minv of ihem were taken with the hooke. 'I'here was ani>tlu'r ;; i

like barbilles; .ind another like breames, headed like a delicate (ish, calliii in Spaine bc-iij ,

betw cone red and grav. This was there of most es'eeme. There was another (ish calluli

pele (ish: it had a snout of .i cMibit long, and at the end of the vpper lip it was made liktM

peele. There was another (ish like a Wc>.lcrne >had : .\nd all of them had scales, except ihi'

l)agres. and the [)ele fish. There wis another (ish, wiiich sometimes the Indians brnuulu \<,

of the bignes of an hog, thev called it the Pereo fish: it had rowes of teeth beneath ai,,!

aboue. f he Cnc'i()ue of Casqui sent manv lin\es i;re:it ])resents of (ish, mantles, atid skiniKs,

llee told the (inuernour that he would deliuer the Cacique of Pacaha into his hands, lie

went to C.is(pii, and sent i-anv cnnops vp the Kiner, and came himselfe bv land witli main

(d his people. Tlie (I'lueriiour with tO. horsemen and (iO. fooleinen tooke him aloni; uiiii

him vp the Hiiicr. .\nd his Indians whi(di were in t!u" canoes, discoiiered where ilw

Caeiqui ol Paea.i.i was in a little isl.-jnd, situated bclwcene two armes of the Riiier. .\ii(|

fine Chri-iiians entred iniM a <ano«\ v.lierein Don Antonio Osorio went l)cfore, to see what

l)eo|)le the Cacique had with him. There were in the Isle fiue or sixc thousand soulc*.

.'\nd assoone as the\ s.hv the n, ■•uijposing that the Indians which were in the other

canoes were also Cliri'-tian.t, tlie Caei<pie, ;irul certaiiie which were in three canoes, whiih

they had there wiiii the, (led in gre.it haste to tiie other side of the Kiiu'r : The rest \\,u'\

great fe.ire and daiiu'T, iept into the liiner, where much people was drowned, esjK'ei.illv

women and little thildreji. Pre-enily the Gouernour whii h was on land, not kiiowin','

wiiat

I'jcall.i, a vpry
gicjr to« lie be-
set witli towtrs.

Crejt wallej
tdwnci.

Nets foimtt.

The Huiers sorts
(ifelnilrtlt l»li
in Kio Grjnde,

Fiue iir sue

ttlo.iSJIld 111-

duns.

'< 1 ,. I

:":^i

I, i

discouerie of Florida, I next adhyning to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

lorscmcn, that way, by
ague from thence, they
they deliucred them to
uich circiimspertion and
1 the greatest griefe they
ivere found in the towne
and many Catit skins,
inselucs: nf the mantles,
ed them with Cats skins;
hem also icrkins, shirN,
ood clokes : for no water
there ; with which hides

, aiul the Cacique of
iii.sc, and how the

'acaha: He lodged in the
fd, and bc>et \vith tl)^^■c^,
k'lie was '^rcMt sturc of oil
I halfe a Iciuvie were sjrer.t
nko, that came nccrcvnta
ic, wanting but a little i„
care l)v the which the i;,,
irl : with nets, that were
kc thev neiicr so niiKr,
\ in many other hikiw lii;!
mc from the Hiuer, nml
here was a (isli whiiii tihv
ides the gilies, and a! n-
lat were in the iake^ wcri'
1, and of an hniidrrd ; !
'. There was atiotlu'r ; m
1, called in Spaine hc-ii,' ,
V wa>* another fish callnl.i
per lip it was made likei
lem had scales, e\rc|it ili,'
les the Indians l)rou^llt \.,
(cs of teeth beneath a!„|
fixh, mantle*, and skinner.
acaha into his hands. He
insf Ife bv land witli niiin
men lookc him aloni; nitli
rs, di><coiiercd where' tiic
armes of the Uincr. And
() went before, to «cc what
c or ^ixe (hnusand soide-
vhich were in the other
•re ill three canoes, whiih
ihe Hiucr : The rest wih
Ic was drnwned, e-pi( iallv
vas (111 laiul, not knowin,'
what

what had happened to Don Antonio, and those that went with him, commanded y Chris-
tians with all speed to enter with the Indians of Casqui in the canoes, which were quickly
with Don Antonio in the little Island, where they tooke many men and women, and much
goods. Great store of goods, which the Indians had laid vpon hurdles of canes, and rafts of
limber to carrie ouer to the other side, draue down the riuer, wherewith the Indians of Casqui
filled their canoes : and for feare lest the Christians would take it from them, the Cacique
went home with them downe the Riuer, without taking his leaue of the Gouernour: where-
upon the Gouernour was liighly oflended with him : and presently returning to Pacaha, he
ouerran the Coutitrie of Casqui the space of two leagues, where hee tooke twentic or thirtie
of his men. And because hi.i horses were wearie, and he wanted time that d;iy to goe any
farther, hee returned to Pacaha, with determination within three or foure daies after to iiuiade
Casqui. And presently he let loose one of the Indians of Pacaha, and sent word by him to
the Cacique, that if hee would haue his friendship, he should repaire vnto him, and that both
of them would make warre vpon Casqui. And presently came many Indians that belonged
to Pacaha, and brought an Indian, in stead of the Cacique, which was discouered by the
Caciques brother which was taken prisoner. The Gouernour wished the Indians that their
Master himselfe should come : for hee knew very well that that was not hee, and told them,
that they could doe nothing, which l.c knew not before they thought it. The next day the
Cacique came, accimipanicd with many Indians, and with a present of much fish, ski'ines p|'^'^|^'^_|^"|^"j^
and mantles. He made a speech that all were glad to hcarc, and concluded, saying. That to the Goucm-
though his Lordship, without his giuing occasion of oftcnce had done him hurt in his Countrie""'*
and subiects, yet he would not therefore refuse to bee his, and that he would alwaics be at
his commandement. The Gouernour commanded his brother to be loosed, and other prin-
cipall Indians that were taken prisoners. That day came an Indian from the Cacique of
(^asqui, and said, that his Lord would come the next day to c.vcuse him.selfc of the error
which he had committed, in going away without licence of the Gouernour. The Gouernour
willed the messenger to signifie vn»o him, that if he came not in his ownc pt:son, he would
secke him himselfe, and giue him such punishment as he deserued. The next day with .-'H
specde came the Cacique of Casqui, and brought a present to the Gouernour of many
mantles, ski'-ncs, and ii^h, and gauc him a daughter of his, saying, that he greatly desired to
match his "... ', with the blood of so great a Lord as he was, and therefore he brought him his
daughter, n.' ' n! pd him to take her to his wife. lice made a long and discreet oration,
giuing hiiv, , nmcndations, and concluded, saying, that hee should pardon his going

away withoi cc, for that Crosses sake, which he had left with him : protesting that hee

went away for shame of that which his men had done without his consent. The Gouernour
answered liim, tlial hee had chosen a good patrone ; and that if he had not come to excuse
himselfe, hee had detcrinincd to scckr him, to burne his towncs, to kill him and his people,
and to destroy his Countrie. To which he replied saying :

My Lord, I and mine are yours, and my Countrie likewise is yours : therefore if you had
done so, you should haue destroyed your owne Countrie, and haue killed your owne people :
whatsoeuer shall come vnto me from your hand, I will receiue as from my Lord, as well pu-
nishment as reward : .\nd know you, that the fauour which you did mc in leaning me the
Crosse, I do acknowledge the same to be a vcrv great one, and greater then I haue eucr
deserued. For you shall vnderst and, that witli great dr<uights. the fields of Maiz of my
Countrie were withered ; and assoone as i and my people kneeled before the Cros.se, and
prayed fur raine, presently our nccessitie was relieued.

The Gouernour made him, and the Cacique of Pacaha friends ; and set them with hiin at
his table to dine with him . and the Caciques fell at variance about the scales, which of them
should sit on his right hand. The Gouernour pacified them ; telling them, that among the
Christians, all was one to sit on the one side, or on the other, willing them so to beliaiie
ihemselucs, seeing they were with him, that no bodie might heare them, and that cuery
one should sit in the place that first hee lighted on. From thence he sent thirtie horsemen,
and tiftio footeinen to the Prouiuce of Cahn;a, to sec if from thence hee might tranel to
vol. V. .j X Chisca.

•I

"Si!

.'I

* lit
1.

; i*»

:-|

Wnb'

'i^-llif'

ij^%}%

1 1 m '• '

[5 },

GrMt store of
Oxen tuward
the North of
Pacaha.
This ii like
(^iuem.

622 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The dlscouerie of Florida,

Gold and copptr Chisca, whcfc the Indians <> id, there was a worke of gold and copper. They trauelled seuen,
daies iournie through a desert, and returned verie wearie, eating greene plums and stalkes of

A poore towne. Maiz, which they found in a poore towne of sixe or seuen houses. From thence forward toward
the North ; the Indians said. That the Country was very ill inhabited, because it was very
cold : And that there were such store of Oxen, that they could keepe no corne for them :
that the Indians liued vpon their flesh. The Gouernor seeing that toward that part the Coun-
trie was so poore of Maiz, that in it they could not bee sustained, demanded of the Indians
which way it was most inhabited : and they said, they had notice of a great Prouince, and a
very plentiful! Countrie, which was called Quigaute, and that it was toward th? South.

Chap. XXV. ■

How the Gouernour departed from Pacaha to Quigaute, and to Coligoa, and came ,

to Cayas.

THe Gouernour rested in Pacaha fortie daies. In all which time the two Caciques seriicj
him with great store offish, mantles, and skinnes, and stroue who should doe him greatest
seruice. At the time of his departure, the Cacique of Pacaha gauc him two of his sisters
saying, that in signe of loue that he might remember him, he should take them for his wines:
the ones name was Macanoche, and the others Mochila : they were well proportioned, t.ill of
bodic, and well fleshed. Macanoche was of a good countenance, ant' in her shape aiul
physiognomic looked like a Ladie : the other was strongly made. The Cacique of Casqui
commanded the bridge to be repaired, and the Gouernour returned through his Couiitrcy,
and lodged in the field neere his towne, whither hec came with great store of fish, and two
women, which hee exchanged with two Christians for two shirts. He gaue vs a guide and
men for carlages. The Gouernour lodged at a towne of his, and the next d.iv at another
iicerc a Riucr, whither he caused canoes to be brought for him to passe oner, and with his
leauc returned. The Gouernour tooke his iournie toward Quigaute. The fourth day of August,
he came to the towne, where the Cacique vsed to keep his residencie : on the way he sent
him a present of many mantles and skinnes, and not daring to stay for him in the towne, he
absented himselfe. The towne was the greatest that was scene in Florida. The Gouernour
and his people lodged in the one halfc of it : and within few daies, seeing the Indians be-
came liars, he commanded the other halfe to be burned, ber^iuse it should not bee a shelter
fir them, if they came to .issault him by night, nor an hindrance to his horsemen for the
resisting of them. There came an Indian very well accompanied with many Indians, sayini;,
that hec was the Cuique. He deliuered him oner to the men of his guard to look vntu
him. There went and came many Indians, and brought mantles and skinnes. The counter-
feit Cacique, seeing so little opportunitic to execute his euill thought, as hce went one day
abroad talking with the Gouernour, he shewed him such a pairc of hecles, that there was nu
Christian th.it could ouertake him, and he leaped into the Hiucr, which was a crossebow shot
from the towne : and assoonc as hee was on the other side, many Indians that were there-
about making a great eric began to shoofe. I'he Gouernour p.isseil presently ouer to thein
willj horsemen and footcmcn, but they durst not tarrie for him. (ioing forward on his wav
hce came to a towne where the people were fled, and a little further to a lake, where the
horses could not passe, and on the oiherside were many women. The footenien passed, and
tooke many of thrm, and much spoile. The Gouernour rame to the Camp : And that ni(;ht
was a spic of the Indians taken by them of the watch. The Gouernour asked him, whclher
he would bring him where the Cacique was? he said, he would. And he went presently to
seeke him with twentie horsemen, and fiftic footenien : and after he had sought him a day,
and an halfe, hce found him in a strong wood : ,\nd a souldiour not knowing him, gauc hint
a wound on the head ; and he cried out, that he should not kill him, saving, that he was
the Cacique : so he was taken, I'v an hundred and fortie of his men with him. The Gouernour
c.ime igaine to (iuigaute, and willed him to c.iuse his men to come to serue the Christians:
and slaying some daies for their comming, and seeing they came not, he sent two Captaines,

cucry

The Caciqufi

tOWDc.

A tnwnc of
Casqiii

Anutlicr tnwnc.
Quigniitr.
The tV'urth of
August.

Thp prfztest
tow lie scene in
FluriJj.

' '■ f )>i

)l -if

ksl2^ '

ail '. r

scouerie of Rarida,

ligoa, and came

next adiot/ning to rirginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 523

euery one his way on both sides oF the Riuer with horsemen and footemcn. They tooke
many men and women. Now seeing the hurt which they sustained for their rebellion, they
came to see what the Gouernour would command them, and passed to and fro many times,
and brought presents of cloth and fish. The Cacique and his two wiueswere in the lodging Cloth,
of the Gouernour loose, and the halbardiers of his guard did keepe them. The Gouernour asked
them which way the Countrie was most inhabited ? They said, that toward the South downe
the Riuer, were great townes and Caciques, which commanded great Countries, and niuch
people : And that toward the Northwest, there was a Prouince neere to ccrtainc mountaines, Coiigoi nt«E
that was calhd Coligoa. The Gouernour and all the rest thought good to goe first to Coligoa : '"'Z'Z,
saying, that peraduenture the mountains would make some difference of soilc, and that be- Northw«t.
yond them there might be some gold or siluer : As for Quigaute, Casqui, and Pacaha, they
were plaine Countries, fat grounds, and full of good medowes on the Riuers, where the In-
dians sowed large fields of Maiz. From TascaUica to Rio grandc, or the great Riuer, is about
300. leagues : it' is a very low Countrie, and hath many lakes. From Pacaha to Quigaute may
bee an hundred leagues. The Gouernour left the Cacique of Quigaute in his owne towne:
And an Indian, which was his guide, led him through great woods without any way scuen
daies iournie through a desert, where, at euery lodging, they lodged in lakes and pooles in
verie shold water : there were such store of fish, that they killed them with cudgils; and the a n«wway to
Indians which they carried in chaincs, with the mud troubled the waters, and the fish being " ' " •
therewith, as it were, astonied, came to the top of the water, and they tooke as much as they
listed. The Indians of Coligoa had no knowledge of the Christians, & when they came so coiigoj.
neere the towne, that the Indians saw them, they fled vp a Riuer, which passed neere the ^ Ri"".
towne, and some leaped into it ; but the Christians went on both sides of the Riuer, and
tooke them. There were many men and women taken, and the Cacique with them. And
by his commandcmenl within three daies came many Indians with a present of mantles and
Dcercs skinnes, and two oxe hides: And they reported, that 5. or 6. leagues from thence Two o«e iii<i«,
toward the North, there were many of these oxen, and that because the Countrie was cold, it t.'jvTrd ,he""
was euill inhabited : That the best Countrie which they knew, the'most plentifull, and most North.
inhabited, was a Prouince called Cayas, lying toward the South. From Quiguate to Coligoa From Quiguatc
may be 40. Ie.ig\ics. This toivne of Coligoa stood at the foote of an hill, on the bank of a ^o.Ims^uci.
mcane Riuer, of the bignesse of Cayas, the Riuer that passeth by Estremadura. It was a
fat soile and so plcntilnll of Maiz, that they cast out the old, to bring in the new. There
was also great plentie of French beanes and pompions. The French bcanes were greater,
and bettor than those of S^iainc, and likewise the pompions, and being rosted, they haue
.nlmost the t.isle of chestnuts. The Cacique of Coligoa gatie a guide to Cayas, and staled
behind in his owne towne. Wee trnuclled fiuc daies, and came to the Prouince of Palisema. Thr Prouinc-
Tiie house of the ('arique was found rouered with Deeres skinnes of diuers colours and
worlds drawne in them, and with the same in manner of carpets was the ground of the house
couered. The Cacique left it so, that the (louernour might lodge in it, in token that he
sought peace and his friendship. Rut hee durst not tarrie his comming. The Gouernour,
seeing he had absented himselfe, sent a Captaine with horsemen and footemen to seeke him.
lIcc found much people, but by reason of the rt.U'jhnesse of tlie Countrie, he tooke none sane
a few women and children, 'i he towne was little and srattcring, and had very little Maiz.
I'or which cause the (Jouernour speedilic departed from thence, lice came to another towne
called Tatalicoya, hee carried with him the Cacique thereof, which guided him to Cayas. Tawiicoyi
Trom Tatalicoya arc fonrc daies iournie to Cayas. When hee canie to Cayas, and saw the Ctyn-
towne scattered ; hee ihou;;ht tlu"^ had tohl him a lie, and tiiat it was not the Prouince of
Cayas, because they had inlornied him that it was well inhabited : He threatned the Cacique,
charging him lo tell him where hee was : and he and other Indians which were taken neere
about that place, anirmetl that this was tiie towne ol ("avas, and the best that was in that
(!i>untrie, and that fhoui;h liu- houses were distant the one from the other, vet the "round
that was inhabited was gnat, and that there was great store of people, and many fields of
Mai^ This towne was called Tanico : he |)itrhcd his Campe in the bcbt p.iit of it neere Tmici.

J X 2 vnto

—Is**

»24

I 111 ' ■'* I'-t •

•■i^§%ji!i|i|! i

1,'" T'

A l.ikc of hot

and sonirwlidl
biutkish w.iter.
Stoic *'I salt
made at Cava^,

TulU.

Tlir riniterniiur
ininrrttli agjinr
!.. rulUv^.ttiall
hi: vi.in^«iuc.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The discouerie qf Florida

vnto a Riiier. The same day that the Gouernoiir came thither, he went a league fanh
with certaine horsemen, and without tinding any people, hee found many skinnes in a nath*^
way, which the Cacique had left there, that they might ben found, in toiccn of peace. For
so is the custome in that Countrie.

Chap. XXVI. .

How the Gouernour discouered the Prouince of Tulla, and what happened vnto him.

THe Gouernour rested a moneth in the Prouince of Cayas. In which time the horseg
fattened and thriued more, then in other places in a longer time, with the great pleniie of
Maiz and the leaues thereof, which I thinke was the best that hath been seeue, and they
dranke of a lake of very hot water, and somewhat brackish, and they dranke so much, that
it swelled ill their bellies when they brought them from the watering. Vntill that (iine the
Christians wanted salt, and tliere they made good store, which they carried along withihcm
The Indians doe carrie it to other places to exchange it for skinnes and mantles. " Thp^
make it along the Uiiier, which when it ebbeth, leaucth it vpon the vpper part of the saiul
And because they cannot make it, without much sand mingled with it, they throw it jpf,,
certaine baskets wliich they haue for that purpose, broad at the mouth, and narrow nt the
bottom, and set it in the aire vpon a barrc, and throw water into if, and set a small vessel!
vnder it, wherein it falleth : Being strained and set to boile vpon the lire, when the water is
sodden away, the salt remainoth in the bottome of the pan." On both sides of the Rincrflie
Countrie was full of sowne fields, and there was store of .Maiz. The Indians durst not come
ouer where wee were : & when some of them shewed themselues, the souldicrs that saw
them called vnto them ; then the Indians passed the Ritier, and came with them where the
Guuernor was. He asked the lor the Cacique. They said, that he remained quiet, but that
he durst not shew hii".>elfe. The Gouernour presently sent him word, that he should cntne
vnto him, and bring him a guide and an interpretour for his iournie, if he made account of
his friendship : and if he did not so, he would come himselfc to seeke him, and that it
would bee the worse for him. Hee waited three dales, and seeing he came not, he weiii id
seeke liim, and brought him prisoner with 1."jO. of his men. He .iskcd him, whether hpp
had notice of any great Cacicjue, & which way the Countrie was best inhabited. Ilee an-
swered, that the best Countrie thereabout was a Prouince toward the South, a day and an
hallcs iournie, which was called Tulla; and that he could giuc him a guide, hut no inter-
pretour, because the speech of that Countrie was tliflerent from his, and because he and his
ancestors h.id alwaies warres with the Lords of that Prouince ; therefore thev had no rom-
merce, nor vnderstood one anothers language. Fmmediatly the (touernour with certaine
horsemen, and 50. footemen, departed toward Tulla, to see if the Countrie were sudi, as
hee miglit passe throujih it with ail his companie: and assoonc as he arriucd there, and uas
espied of the Indians, the C'ouiitrie gathered together, and assoone as I j. and 2(). Indiitn
could a«seinblc them>.elucs, they set vpon the (Christians : and seeing that they did handle
them shrewdly, and th.it the horsemen ouerlooke them >\hen they (led, they gat vp info the
fops of iheir houses, and sought to defend iheinseliies with their arrowes: and being beaten
dowhc from one, tliey gat \p vpon another. And while our men pursued some, others set
vp.in tli 111 another wav. Thus tlie skirmish listed so long, that the horses were tired, and
they could not make them riinne. The Indians killed there one horse, and some were hurt.
There i\i'rc I.'). Indians slaine there, and 40. women and boies were taken prisoners. I'nr
whalsocuer Indian did shoot .it them, il they could come hv him, thev put him to fhesvx'rd.
The (loucrmur ditermined to rcturne toward Cayas, before the Indians had time to gather
a head ; and prc-eiitl) liiat eueiiing, going part of y' night to leaue Tulla, he lodged bv
the wav, and the next day came to Casas: and within tiiree daies alter he (h'parted there
toward Tulla with all his conipanie : lie carr cd the Cacique along with him, and among
all ills men, tlierc was not one found that ( ould viidersiaiid the speech of Tulla. lie sinied
tiircc daics by the w.w, and the day that he came thither, he found the towne abandoned:

lor

)pened vnto him.

next (tdioyning to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

for the Indians durst not tarrie his comming. But assoone as they knew that the Gouernour
was in Tulla, the first night about ^ morning watch, they came in two squadrons two seuerall
waies, with their bowes and arrowet, and long staues like pikc'J. A-"<oone as they were
descried, both horse and foot sallied out vpon them, where many of the Indians were slaine :
And some Christians and horses were hurt: Some of the Indians were taken prisoners,
whereof the Gouernour sent sixe to the Cacique, with their right hands and noses cut ofl':
and sent him word, that if he came not to him to excuse and submit himselfc, that hee
would come to seeke him, and that hee would doe the like to him, and as many of his ns
hee could find, as hee had done to those which hee had sent him : and gaue him three daies
respit for to come. And this he gaue them to vnderstand by signes, as well as hee could,
for there was no intcrpretour. At the three daies end, tiicrc came an Indian laden with
Oxe hides. lie came weeping with great sobs, and comming to the Gouernour cast himseUe
downe at his fectc : He tooke him vp, and he made a speech, but there was none that
vnderstood him. The Gouernour by signes commandeil him, to refurne to the Cacique, and
to will him, to send him an interpretor, which could vnderstand the men of C.-iyas The
next day came three Indians laden with oxe hides; and within three daies after came 20.
Indians, and among them one that vnderstood them of Cayas: Who, after a long oration of
excuses of the Cacique, and praises of the Gouernour, concluded with this, that he and
the other were come thither on the Caciques beli Ife, to see what his Lordship would com-
mand him to doe, for he was readic at his t nandement. The Gouernour and all his
companie were verie glad. For in no wise could they traucll without an intcrpretour. The
Gouernour commanded him to be kept safe, and bad him tell the men that came with him,
that they shuld returne to the Cacique, and signilie vnto him, that he pardoned him for
that which was past, and thanked him much for his presents and intcrpretour, which he
had sent him, and that he would bee glad to see him, and that he should come the next day
to talkc with him. Alter three daies, the Cacique came, and 80. Indians with him : and
himselfc and his men came weeping into the Camp, in token of obedience and repentance
fur the errour passed, after the manner of that Countric : lie brought a present of many
oxe hides : which, because the Countric was cold, were verie profitable, and serued for
couerlels, because they were very soft, and wolled like sheepe. Not farre from thence
toward the North were many oxen. The Christians saw them not, nor came into the
Countric where they were, because those parts were euil inhabited, and had small store of
Mai/, where they were bred. The Cacique of Tulla made an oration to the Gouernour,
wherein he excused himselfc, and otVcred him his Countrie, subiccis, and person. Aswell
this Cacique as the others, and all those which came to the Gouernour on their behalfe,
diliiicred iheir mes.sagC or speech in so good order, that no oratour could vtter the same more
t'loqucntlic.

Chap. XXVIl.

How the Gouernour went from Tulla to Autiamque, where he passed the winter.

Tile C;ouernour enformed himselfc of all the Countrie round about ; and vnderstood, that
toward the West w.ts a scattered dwelling, and that toward the Southeast were great townes,
especially in a I'rouincc called Autiamque, tenne daies iournie from Tulla; which might be
about HO. leagues ; and that it was a plentifull Countrie of Muiz. And because winter came
on, and that they could not traucll two or three monelhs in the ycerc for cold, waters, and
snow: and fearing, that if they should stay so long in the scattered dwelling, they could
not be susteiiied ; and a!so because the Indians said, that neere to Autiamque was a great
vater, and according to their relation, the Gouernour thought it w.as some arme of the Sea :
And because he now desired to send newes of himselfc to Cuba, that some supplie of men
& horses miglit be sent vnto him : for it was aboue three yeeres, since Donna Isabella,
which was in Ilauana, or any other person in Christendome h-ad heard of him, and by this
lime he had lost 250. men, and 150. hoirscs) he determined to winter in Autiamque, and

the

i)25

Indians h.-itie
tluir right hniids
mid noses cut
off.

Oxe hides.

Oxe hides*

The C-itique of
TuUa.

Many Oxe

liidfs with wooll
on them, as soft
as sheeptf! wooll,
Gomiir.» Hiitur.
Gciitr. cjp. aij.
M;iny Oxcu
toward the
North.

The great flo-
quencc cf the
Indi.ins.

A winter of
two t r thrf»
moucttis.

:l.

!.i
I

» •

i '' 'IW'

H'il,

l-,ri

m\\4im

p. i, V 'M

526

Quipan.i, fiue
djic« iournic
from 'I'uUj,

OualutP.

Auiiinique nxc
diiri luurine
fii)m Quipana.

A Riucr.

Ticti^^u'q IP.

Grrat pTout-

Thrcf mnnrthi
ah<*Jr in Au-

i!i'

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The dhcouei-ie of Florida

the next iprinfT, to goe to the sea cost, and make two brigantincn, and send one of them tn
Cuba, and the other to Niicua Espanna, that that which went in safetic, might giuc newes
of him : Hoping with the goods which he had in Cuba, to furnish himselfc againc, and to
attempt the discouery and conquest toward the West : for he had not yet come where Cabeca
de Vaca had been. Thus hauing sent away the two Caciques of Cayas and Tulla, he tooke
his iournie toward Autiamque: Hec traucllcd fiue daies ouer very rough mountaines, and
came to a towne called (luipana, where no Indians could be taken for the roughnesse of the
Countrie: and the townc being betweene hilles, there was an ambush laid, wherewith thcv
tooke two Indians ; which told them, that Autiamque was sixe daies iournie from thence, and
that there was another Proiiince toward t!ie South eight daies iournie off, plentiful of Ma,,,
and very well peo|)lcd, which was called Guahate. Put because Autiamque was nccrer, anii
the most of the Indians agreed of it, the Goucrnour made his iournie that way. In three
daies he came to a towne called Anoixi. lie sent a Captaine before with JO. horsemen, and
50. footemen, and tooke the Indians carelesse, hee tooke many men and women prisoners
Within two daies after the (louernour came to another towne called Catamaya, and liMli'cd
in the fields of the townc. Two I.nlians came with a false message from the Ciiciciuct,,
know his determination. Hee bad them tell their Lord, that hee should come and speakc
with him. The Indians returned and came no more, nor any other mes.sage from the Carj.
que. The next day the Christians went to the towne, which was without people : thcv
tooke as much Mai/, as they needed. That dav ihey lodged in a wood, and the next day
they came to Autiamque. They found much Maiz laid vp in sf«)rc, and French beanes, anil
walnuts, and prunes, great store of all sorts. They tooke some Indians which were gather-
ing together the stufTe which their wiucs had hidden. This was a champion Countrie, an(i\se||
inhabited. The Gouernour lodged in the best part of the towne, and commanded pre>ciiilv
to make a fense of timber round about the Campe distant from the houses, that the Indi.jiH
might not hurt them without by fire. And measuring the groun<l by pases, hee apiminici
eucry one his part to doe according to the number of Indians which he had : presently ih(
timber was brought by them ; and in three daies there was an indosure made of very im-
and thicke posts thrust into the ground, and many miles laid acrosse. Hard by this tdwio
passed a Ritier, that came out of the Pnaiitice of ("ayas ; and abouc and beneath it was \(rv
well peopled. Thither came Indians on the Caciques behalfe with a 'present of manili's :iiii|
skinnes ; anil an halting Cacique, siihiect to the I.onl of Aiitiamcpie, J.ord of a towne calltil
Ticliquaqiio, came many times to visit the (louernour, and to brin^ him jircsents of siu h as
hee had. The Cacique of .Autiamque sent to know of the (Jouemour, how long time hee
meant to stay in his Countrie ? .\nd vndersianding that he meant to stay aboue three d.ms,
he neuer sent any more Indians, nor anv other message, but conspired with the lame(';ui.
que to rebell. Diners inrodcs were made, whrrcin there were many men and women taken,
and the lame C,i(i(|ue amonji the rc-t. The Gouernonr respecting the seruices whiih li-
had rcceiueil of him, repreheiuled and admonished him, and set him at libertie, and i;nui'
him two Ii.dians to rarrie him in a chaire vpon their shnulders. The Cacique of Autiantiiue
(le^irinLj to thru-'l the (iouernour out of his Countrie, set spies ouer him. And an Indian
coinmini; one night to the .i;ate of the indosure, a soldier that watched espied him, and
stcftpinf; behind the gate, as he came in, he gaue him such a thrust, that he fell downc;
and so he carried him to the Cioui'rnour : and as hee asked him \%herefi>re he came, not
being able In speake, hec fell downc ih-ad. The nij;ht following the (iouernour commanded
a sduldiniir to ;'iue the alarmc, anil lo say that he had scene Indians, (o see how ready they
Would be to answere the alarme. And hee did so sometinn s as well there, as in other ])'arcs,
when he thuught that his men were carelesse, & ri |)rehende(l such as wi're slacke. .*.nd as
well fortius crmse, as in re^.ird of iloinj; their diitie, when the alarme was giueii, eucry one
sou;rht to be the tirsf that should answere. They staled in .Autiamque three muneth.s witli
great pleniic of M.ii/, l"ien( h beanes, Wa'nuls, Prunes, and (""iiies: whii h vnlill that
time they knew lUit how to catch. .And in .Autianujue the Indians taught them h^ w lo lake
ihcm : which was, \>iih great sprindges, which lifted yp their ftetc from the ground : And

the

^ 't i

: ■_ 1

■ i' ''

. 1
' i

i;: I

'1 g.

) ' V

, i *.i . , .",

hcouerie of Florida,

next adioi/ning to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

527

the snare wa'< made with a strong string, wherninto was fastened a knot of a cane, which

ran close about the neck of the conie, because they should not gnaw the string They tooke

many in the fields of Maiz, espet iailie when it frecsed or snowed. T'le Christiann st.iicd ^""' •"■''"'""'•

there one whole moneth so inclo-ed with snow, that they went not out of tin- towne ; and snow.""" °

when they wanted lircwood, the Goueriiour with his horsemen going and coming many

times to the wood, which was two rrossebow shot from the towne, made a pathway, whereby

the footemen went for wood. In this meane space, some Indians which went loose, killed

many conies with their giues, and with arrowcs. These conies were of two sorts, some were Conicsofmo

like those of >Spaine, and the other of the same colour and fashion, and as big as great Hares, """'

longer, and hauing greater loines,

Chap. XXVIII.

How the Oouernour went from Aaitiamqiic to Nilco, and from thence to Guacoya.

VPon Monday the sixt of March 1542, the Gouernour departed from Autiamque to Mjrch 6. ijti.
Kcckc Nilco, which the Indians said was necre the (Jrcat riuer, with determination to come
to the .Sea, and procure some succour of men and horses : for hec had now but three hundred
men of warre, and fortic horses, and some of them lame, which did nothing but helpc to
make vp the number : and for want of iron they had gone aboue a yecre vnshod : and be-
cause they were vsed to it in the niainc couutric, it did them no great harme. lohn Ortiz '^' 'It"'' "' ,
died in Autiamcjue ; which grieued the (if>uernor very much : because that without an Inter thrercu misse
pretourhee feared to enter farre into the land, where he might be lost. From thence ft'i'ward J'|[^'.'J''||'j™*,.
a youth that was taken in rutifachi(iui did serue for Inlerpretour, which had by that time tour,
learned somewhat of the Christians language. The death of lohn Ortiz was so great a mis-
chii'fe for the discouering inward, or going out of the land, that to learne of the Indians,
that which in foure words hec declared, they needed a whole day with the youth : and most
commonly hce vnderstood quite contrarie that which was asked him : whereby it often hap-
pened that the way that they went one day, and sometimes two (t three daies, they turned
backe, and went astray through the wood here and there. The Gouernour spent ten daies in
trauelling from Aufiam(|ue to a prouince called Ayays; and came to a towne that stood ncere Ayiyt
ihe Riuer that passeth by Caya.s and Autiamque. There hee commanded a barge to be made, a Rimr,
\vlierewith he passed the Riuer. When he had passed the Itiuer there fell out such weather,
that foure daies he could not trauell for snow. Assoone as it gaue ouer snowing, he went S,"nv™t'h'^iT
three daies iourney through a Wildernesse, and a counlrie so low. and so full of lakes and Mmh.
ciiill waies, that hce trauellcd one time a whole day in water, sometimes knee deepe, some-
times to the stirrup, and sometimes they swamme. He came to a towne called Tutelpineo, Tutfii>incr>.
abandoned, and without -Maiz: there passed by it a lake, that entered into the riuer, Ab"j<i»I'»,
\Jiich carried a great streame and force of water. Fine Christians passing ouer it
in a periagua, which the Cioucrnour had sent with a Captaine, the periagua ouerset : some
iDoke hold on it, some on the trees that were in the lake. One Francis Sebastian, an honest
man of Villa nniia de Rarca Rot.i, was drowned there. The Gouernour went a whole day
.nlong the lake seeking pas.sage, and could linde none, nor any way that did passe to the other
sn\c. Comniing againc at night to the towne hee found two peaceable Indians, which
showed hiin the passage, and which way hee was to goe. There they made of canes and JJ,*'"^^|,"[^'j^
of the timber of houses thatched with canes, rafts wherewith they passed the lake. They Ukc.
trauclled three daies, and came to a towne of the territoric of Nilco, called Tianto. There Tiamo.
they tooke ihirtic Indian-j, and among them two principall men of this towne. The Gouer-
nour sent a Captaine with horsemen and footmen before to Nilco, because the Indians might
haiic no time to carrie away the prouision. They passed through three or foure great towncs; Thrrtorfo»r«
.-iiid in the towne where the Cacique was resident, which was two leagues from the place '"" '"*"''
where the (iouernour remained, they found many Indians with their bowes and arrowcs, in
iiLinncr as though they would haue staled to fight, which did comp.nsse the towne ; and
.:-soone as ihcy saw the Christians come ncere them without misdoubting them, thcv set the

Caciques

I
I

' \

I I

I. '

" i

'] l:

1.1 f i

•;ii:yi<t,];*fifV^j

hUrch 19-

Vi-rif grfat

l<lVVtlCI.

The htn Coun
trie of t'luridj.

Mirterriiikin-

tiri.

A cordon o*

ptilM.

A Riurr filling

(iuai.h.^%1-

Paure iianr;ri of
K o griuJe.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, 'Jlic dmcouerit of Florida

CaciqiiC)! house on fire, and fled oiicr a lake that |)rw«e(l ncere the towne, through which the
horncs could not pas^c. The next day brinj; Wednesday the 29. of March the Goucrnour
came to Nilco : he lod^^cd with all his men in the ("aciqucs towne, which «tood in a plaine
field, which wa* inh:ibitcd for the space of a quarter of a league : and wiihin a league and
halfe a league were other very great towncs, wherein was great store of Maiz, of French
beanes, of Walnut-*, and Prunes. Thix was the best inhabited eonntrie, that was scene in
• Florida, and had most store of Maiz, except Cotja, and Apalache. There came to the camnp
an Indian acrompaiiicd with others, and in the Caciques name giuic the Goucrnour a mantle
of Marterns skinnes. and .i cordon of perles. The (;ouernoiir gaue him a few small M.irgn-
riles, which are cerlaine beades much esteemed in Peru, and other things, wherewiih lie
was very well contented. lie promised to retunie within two dales, but neuer came a/^ninc
but on the contnirie ihe Indi;ins came by night in canoes, and carried away all tlic M^i,
they could, and made llirm cabins on the other side of the Iliuer in the thickest of the Wdml
be<-nuse they might (lee if wee should goe to seeke them. The Criiuernoiir seeing hee rnnn'
not at the lime appiiinied, commanded an ambush to be laid about cerlaine store liotK^
mere ihe lake, whither ilie Indians came for Maiz ; where they looke two Indians, wIkj i,,!,!
the Ciouernour, that hee wiiich came to visit him, was not the Caciipie, but was sent l,v
him viuler pretence to spie whether the Christians were carelesse, and whether Ihev defrp
mined to settle in that country or to goe forward. Presentlv the (louernour sent a Cipi i,,^
with footmen and horsemen ouer the riuer ; and in their passage they were ilesrricd of ii,,,
Indians, and therefore he could lake but tenne or Iwelne nnii and women, with whom ho(>
returned to the cam|>e. This Hiuer which passed by Nilco, was that which passc<l In Cnv.is
and Auliamque, and fell info Hio grande, or the (Jreai Hiuer, which jiasscd by Parliali.T nid
Aquixo neere vnto the prouince of (luachova : an<l the Lord thereof came vj) the liiiirrin
canoes to make warrc with him of Nilco. On his behalf there came an Indian to the (iuncrn.
our and said vnto him, That he was his senianf, and prayed him so to hold him, ami i|| ,
wiihin two dales hee would come to kisse his Lordships hand- : an at the time ap|)oiiit(.(| i,,,
came with some of his principal Indians, which accom|)anied him, and with words of ,^^,.,j
oilers and courlesie hee gaue the (icuernoiir a present of many mantles and Deercs sknv,.,
'Ihe (Jonernoiir gaue liim some other things in recompense, and honoured him much. (1,.^
asked him what lownes there were downe the Hiuer? Hee answered that he knew noiip r,f|,ff
but hi* owne : and on the other side of the Hiuer a prouince of a Cacitpie called (}iiij,3i(j
So hee looke his leaue of the (i(Miernoiir and went to his owne towne. Wiihin few dnics tdp
(ioucrnoiir determined to goe to (Jiiachoya, to learne there whether the Sea were ncere, c
whether there were anv habitation neere, where hee might relieue his companie, wjijl,. d,^^
briganlinis were making, which he nic.int ti> send to the land of tiie Christians. .\^ i-,,
passed the Hiuer of Nilco, there came in canoes Indians of (tiiacho\a v|> the streame, jrd
when llu'v saw him, supposing that lie came to seeke iheni to doe them some hurt, ihrv re-
turned downe the Hiuer, and inlornied tiie Caci(|iie thereof: who with all his peojjle, sikiI.
ing the towne of all thii thev could carric awav, |)as>ed that night finer to the otiier side „t'
Hio gi-ande, or the (ireat Hiuer. Ihe (Jouernotir sent a Captaine with (iflie men in «i\c
canoe> doxs lie l!ie Hiuer, and went hiniselfe by land with the rest; hee < ame to GMarhnvi
vpon Sundav the 17. of April: he lodged in the lowne of the Cacicpie, which was inil,i»e-|
about, and seated a crosscbow shut distant froni the Hiuer. Here the Hiuer is called T.ini.i-
liseu, and in Nilco I'apatu, and in ('o<;a Mico, and in the p rt or mouth Hi.

Chap. X.XIX.

Of the message which the Go\icrnour sent to Qiiigalia, and of the answcrc which he rcturncil;
and of Ihe things \\hi(h happened in this time.

AS soonc as the Gouemour came to Guachoya, hee sent lohn Danusco with as nianv men
as (oiiKI goe in the (aioes vp the Hiuer. For when ihev came d<iwne from Nilco, llicv v.n,
on ll)C other side liie HiutTiifw cabins* made, lohn Danusco went and brought the can. e>

liiikii

dincouerie of Florida,

ttext adioyniHK to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEHIKS.

Joden with Maiz, French beanes, Prunes, and many loauen made of the substance ofprunei. ^^J^f
ame an Indian to the Goucrnour from the Caci(|ue of Guacboya, and said, that

690

loaud
prunea.

That day came

his Lord would come the next day. The next day they saw many canoes come vji the
liiuf r, and on the other side of the great lliiicr, thry asHcmblcd together in the space of an
houre: they consulted whether thry tthmild come or nor ; & at length concluded to come,
and crossed the Iliuer. In the came the Cacique of Onachoya, and brought with him manic
Indians with great store of Fish, Dogjucs, Dceren skinncH, and Mantles: And aasnone as ihey
landed, they went to the lodging of the Goucrnour, and presented him their gift!*, and the
Cacique vitercd these words :

Mighlie and excellent LonI, I !)e«eech your LonUhip to pardon mee the errour which I
committed in absentin<r my Helfe,and not tarrying in this townc to haue receiued and scrued
your Lordship; since, to obtaine this opporiunitie of time, was, and is m much as a great
victorie to me. But I feared that, which I needed not to haue feared, and ho did that which
was not reason to do: But as ha»te makelh waste, :iiul I remoned without deliberation ; so,
assoone as 1 thought on it, 1 determined nut to lollow the opinion of the foolish, which is,
to continue in their errour ; but to imitate the wise and discreet, in changing my counsell,
and so I came to see what your Lordship will command mc to doe, that I may serue you in
all things that are in my power.

The (iouernour receiued him with much ioy, and gauc him thankes for his present and
offer. He asked him, whetiier hee had any notice of the Sea. Hee answered, no, nor of
any townes downe the Biiicr on that side; »nue that two leagues from thence was one towne
of a principall Indian a subiect of his ; and on the other side of the Riuer, three dales iour-
nie from thence downe the Riner, was the Prouinte of Quigalta, which was the greatest Lord
that was in that Counlrie. The Gouernour tl)ou;{ht that the Cacique lied vnto him, to rid
him out of his owne tuwncs, and sent lohn Danusco with eight horsemen downe the Kiucr,
to see what habitation there was, and to infurme himselfe, if there were any notice of th6
Sea. Hee trauelled eit;ht daiex, and at his rclurue hee said, that in all that time he was
not able to go aboue 14. or 15. leagues, because of the great creckes that came out of the ' -

Hiuer, and groues of canes, and thicke woods that were along the bancks of the Riuer, i.nd
that hee h.id found no habitation. The Gouernour fell into great dump* to see how hard it wax
to get to the Sea : and worse, because his men and horses euery day diminished, being with-
out succour to sustaine themselues in the country : and with that thought he fell sick. But ThcCnudim
before he tookc his bed hee sent an Indian to the Cacique of Quigalta to tell him, that hee [hougV,?"''
was the Chikle of the Sunne. and that all the way that hee came all men obeyed and sonied
him, that he n^quested him to accept of his friendship, and come vnto him ; for he would
be very glad to see him ; and in signc of louc and obedience to bring something with him
uf that which in his counirie was most esteemed. The Cacique answered by the same
Indian:

That whereas he said he was the Child of the Sunne, if he would drie vp the Riuer he -^
would beleeue him: and touching the rest, that hee was wont to visit none; but rather that '
all those of whom lie had notice did visit him, senied, obeyed and paid him tributes willingly ^'•^'m"
or perforce: therefore if hee desired to see him, it were best he should come thither: that '^'^''
if hee o.ime in peace, he would receiue him with speciull good will ; and if in warre, in like
manner hee would attend him in the towne where he was, and that for him or any other hee
wouhl not shrinke one foote backe.

By that time the Indian returned with this answere, the Gouernour had betaken himselfe
in bed, being eiiill handled with fcuers, and was much aggrieued, that he was not in case
to passe presenllv the Riuer and to secke him, to see if he could abate that pride of his.
I oiisidcring the Riuer went now very strongly in those parts ; for it was neere hallo a league
Ijroad, ami Ki. fathonies deep, and very furious, and ranne with a great current; and on
both sides there were many Indian*, and his power was not now so great, but that hee had
need to helpc himselfe rather by slights then by force. The Indians of (Jiiachoya tnmo ciicrv
day with fish in such numbers, that the townc w.is full of them. The Ciiciquc said, that oil
vot. V. 3 Y

i nio't Witt
ind itnui n:\-
swrrt oi tlic

a rcr-

■.N-

,1 -^ «

' w\

!■ 1)1,1 :|-i

>tii ••

i .' -i'

I' ' .. , '.

'1.
I

, 1, ; J

t|,:: l«. I !

ftSO

VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS.

The difcoucrte of Florida,

a certnine night hee of Qiii^talla woiiW come to pine baltell to the Goiiernour. Wliich the
Gnucrnmir imngincd that he hail dciiixwt, to driuc him out of hi* roiintrcy, and rommande<i
him to bee put in hold : and thai night and all the rrst, thrre wn'* good watch kept, n^^
axkcd him wherefore Quigalto came not f He wnid that hcc cnme, but that he mw him pre.
pared, and iherl'orc duntt not pine the attempt : and hee wai rarnrnt with him to wnd hi^
CnpluineH ourr the Riuer, and that he would aide him with many men to net vpon Quij»alia.
The (icuernour told him that ao-toone at* he wa* rccoucrod, himxelfc would ieeke him ouf.
And Necing how many Indiami came daily to the lowne, and what More of people was in'
thnt countrie, fearing; they should al conxpirc together and plot nomr treason againut him •
and berauHC the towne had some open gaps whirh were not made an end of inclosing, bpi
ttides the gates which they went in and out by : brcaiiMC the Indiani nhmiid not thinkc he
feared them, he let them all alone vnrepaired ; and rommandcd the hor»cmen to be ap.
pointed to them, and to the gate* : and all night the horsemen went the round ; iind two
and two of euery squadron rode about, and visited the ^ikouls that were without the tnwne
ill their urandingii by the p.-tMage>), and the croftsebowmen that kept the ranoes in the Riurr.
And bcrau!)e the Indianti should Htand in fearc of them, hee determined to xend a Captain^
to Nilco, for those of Guachoya had told him that it wan inhaliited ; that by VMing ilif^,
cruelly, neither the <ine nor the other Hhould presume to a<«<aile him ; and hee went Nunne/.
de Touar with tiftcene horsemen, and lohn de Gu/.man Captaine of the footmen Kith hJH
companie in canoe* vp the lliuer. The ('acique of Guachoya xent for many canoe* and manv
warlike Indians to goe with the Christians: and the ('iptaineof the ChriMianN, called N'utinr'/.
de Touar, went by land with his horsemen, and two leagues before he came to Nilco hoc
st;iiod for lohn de Guzman, and in that place they pa««ed the Kiuer by night : the honenuii
came firxt, and in the morning by breake of day in sight of the towne they lighted vpon :i
Hpie ; which aiwoune as he percciucd the Christians, crying out amaine flecf to the towne U)
giue warning. Nunnez de Touar and his companie made such speed, that before the In-
dians of the towne could fully come out, they were vpon them ; it wx>i champion grouml
that was inhabited, which was about a quarter of a league. There were about tine or -.ixe

InNUcof '"^'' 'housand people in the towne : and, as many people came out of the houses, & fled from
one house to another, and many Indians came flocking together from all parts, there un,
neuer a horseman that was not alone among many. The Captaine had commanded that thrv
should not spare the life of any male. Their disorder was so great, that there was no Indian
that shot an arrow at any Christian. The shreekes of women and children were so j>rr.it,
that they made the eares deafe of those that followed them. There were slaine an hiindrnl
Indians, little more or lessc : and many were wounded with great wounds, whom they sufl'crrd
to escape to strike a terror in the rest that were not there. There were some so criiell and
bulcherlike, that they killed old and young, and all that they met, though they made nn
resistance: and those which presumed Of ihemselues for their valour, and were taken fr
such, brake through the Indians, bearing ilowne many with their slirrops and brests ofthnr
hones; and some they wounded with their lances, and sn let them goe: and when \he\
saw any youth or woman they tooke them, and deliuered them to the footmen. " Tlu-c
mens sinnes by Gcdi permission lighted on their own heads: who, because they would
seeinc valiant, became crnell : shewing thcmselues extreme cowards in the sight of all mdi,

• ctijp J? \vh( n as most neede of valour was required, and 'afterward they came to a shameful death.'
or the Indians of Nilro were taken prisoners, fourescore woi.ien and children, and much
spoiie. The Indiansof (Juachoyakept back before they came at the lowne, and staled wiihmit,
beholding the !>ucce«te of the Christians with the men of Nilco. And when they saw them
put to flight, and the horsemen biisie in killing of them, they hastened to the houses to rob,
and filled their canoes with the spoiie of the goods ; and returned to Guachoya before the
Christians ; and wondring much at the sharpe dealing which they had seene them vse toward
the Indians of Nilco, they told their Cacique all that had passed with great astonishment.

Chap,

Fu* or iiir

• 1

llfcoucrle of Florida,

)ucrnour. Wliidi the
ircy, antl commanded

lod MOtch krpi. lire
I thae he mw him pre.

with him to nciul hm

to «t vpon (iuij»alia,

would terkc him onf.
»lore of people was in

trfMon againiii him ;

end of inclosing, he.

■hmild not thinke ho
\c honiemen to be ap-
t the round ; sind two
^cre without the tnwnc
he ranoeii in the Riucr,
ncd to Hcnd a Captaine

; that by vninj{ ihem
; and hfc iicnt Niinnc/,

the footmen with Im

many canoen and many
hriittians, railed Nuiirif'/.

he came to Nilio hoc
»y night : the honcnun
me they lighted vpon ;i
ne fled to the towne i,,
cd, that before the In-

was champion gruiind
were about (iue or >ix(>
he hoimen, & (led from
lorn all partrt, there wa^
id commanded thai ihrv
that there was no Indian
children were no grot,

were slaine an hundred
md*. whom they Miflcrnl
ivcre Mome no crnoll and
, though they made mi
lur, and were taken fur
irrops and hrests of their
m goe : and when ihpv
the footmen. " Tlu<c
ho, because they wonld
H in the night of all mm,
me to a shameful deuih."
and children, and much
owne, and Rtaied wiihmtt,
ind when they saw them
f ned to the houses to rob,
to Guachoya before the
ad scene them vse toward
h great asttuniiihment.

MXl adioyniMS to yirghiia. TRAFFIQUKs. AND DISCOlJliHIL>..

Chap. XXX.

Of lite death of the Adclniitado T'ernando de .Soto ; And how Luy« Moscnuo de
Aliiurado w.is elected Gouernour in his stead.

THe Gouernour felt in him^elfc thiit the hoiirc approchcd, wherein hcc was to leaue this
prewnt life, and called for the Kings (.flii ern, Caplaines and principall pcrtonn, to whom he
made a speech, saying:

That now he was to goe to giue an account before the presenceof Godof all his life past:
and since it pleased him to take him in such a time, and that the lime was come that he
knew his death, that he his most vnworihie xoruanl did yceld him many thankcs therefore ;
and desired all that were present and absent (whom he confessed himselfc to be much be-
holding vnto for their singular vcrtucs, loue and loyallic, which himselfc had well tried in
the frauds, which they had sutVcred, whicii alwniis in his mind he did hope to satisfie and
reward, when it should jilcasc (i(xl to giue him rest, with more prosperitic of his estate,}
that they would pray to God for him, that for his mcrcic he would furgiue him his sinnes,
and receiue his soule into ctcrnall gloric: and that ihcy would quit and free him of the
charge which hce h.id ouer them, and ought vnto ihcm all, and that they would pardon him
for some wrongs which they might liauc rccciued of him : And to auoid some diuision,
which vpon his death might lull out vpon the choice of his successour, he renuestcii them
to elect a principall pcrMHi, iiikI nblc to goucrnc, of whom all ; '.ould like veil ; anvi -hen
he was elected, they rthould swcare bcfi^rc him to obey him : and that he wos' I thani.i «hr:A
very much in so doing ; bcc.iU'<c the gricfe that he had, ysuvlu somci-'hat In ; nwar^^d, «iu>
the paine that he felt, because he left them in so great confusion, .o v,);, in fctt'i ni; !iiciu
in a strange Countrie, where the) knew not where they were.

Baltasarde Gallegos answered in the name of all the rest : And firs? of :jl vomfortiiig him,
he set before his cics how short the life of this world w.i8, anJ with hi'v\' m,uy troubJ-s and
miseries it is accompanied, and how (iod Hhcwud hnn a lingular louor \.l .ch soon<-s! hit it :
telling him many other things fit for such a time. And for the last put.' i, i v . «.'.t,co it pIciMcd
God to lake hint to himselfc, although his death did iustiy griei'e I'ucm much /C( as wri h(%
at al the rest, ought of neccssitie to conformc theinsclues to ihr v>il> of (>ud. AiiU (<'ii(.'>Sing
the Gouernour which he commanded they should elect, he besuught hin",, tr.at it would plr .ise
his LonUhip to name him which he thought fit, and him they v,- uld ' '"cy. Anf' j-v.-icnily
he named Luys de Moscoso de Aluarado his Captainc gcnerall. And presently h ' '<.?•» sv urnc
by all that were present and elected for Gouernour. The next day, i)t'ing tlir'Ji. •>(" Mtj,
Ij42. departed out of this life, the valonuH, virtuous, and valiant Cip'-iinc. D-jn I'trnand.i
dc Soto, (iouernour of Cuba, and Adelantado of Florida; whom fortune ;.<iuarK:'«;, as i;
vseth to doe others, that hee might hauc the higher fal. lie departed in such 'S ji'.iri', r.nd
al such a time, as in his sickne<se he had but little comfort ; and the 'lander T.herein nil his
people were of perishing in that Countrie, which appeared Iwfore ihcir fin, '-vas ,;jusc buf-
iicient, why eucry one of them had need of cnmfi)rt, and why they did noi '.isiit nor ac-
companie him as they ought to hauc done. I.uys dc Moscoso detcrmini*d c<^ '.one rlc Wys
death from the Indians, because Ferdinando de Soto had made them bclecu'?, Th^t the Chris'
tians were immortall; and also bectuse they tooke him to be bardie, wise, and vali.in:; unri
if they »hnuld know that he was dead, they woi'ld h,c bold to set vpon the Christians, ihougli
they liued peaceablie by them. In regard of their disposition, and because ^hey were not/iing
constant, and bcleeued all that was tolde them, the Adelanlado miiJe tl^m bcleeiA , that he
knew some things that passed in secret among themselucs, wiOiont their knowleoift, h)w,
or in what manner he came by them : and that the figure which app>?arcd in a gluxso, which
lie shewed them, did tell him whatsoeuer they practised and writ jljut : ai)i t^cr.rcrc
neither in word nor deed durst they attempt any thing that might bee prciu bci ill viii< him.

Assoone as he W.19 dead, Luis de Moscoso commanded to put h'Mi sctTcily id an house,
where hce remained ihree daicti; and remoouing him frcm tiieii.e^ coinfjiarufci him to bee

J ^ » buried

df S<Mn the It.
ct' M.iVt <543*it

AwuTir ^ti4f--

:»■

miii

'mm'-.

■fir,

1 ?r

538

'Itli^ is aUu the
iuttunie nf the
wU 'J'art^ti.

liriirii tiuiidrrd

Thtir (<n««l
Itioluttun to
trtucll bv Und
Wcn»i/d.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The dUcouerU of Florida
buried in the night at one of the gates of the towne within the wall. And as the Indians
had seene him sick, and missed him, so did they suspect what might bee. And passing hv
the place where hee was buried, seeing the earth mooucd, they looked and spake one to
another. Luys de Moscoso vnderstanding oi' it, commanded him to be taken vp by iii„|,(
and to cist a great deale of sand into the mantles, wherein he was winded vp, wherein hee
was carried in a canoe, and throwne into the middest of the Riuer. The Cacique of Gua-
choya inquired for him, demanding what was become of his brother and Lord, the Goiiern-
our : Luys de Moscoso told him, that hee was gon to hrauen, as many other times hee did ■
and because hee was to stay there cerlaine dales, hee had left him in his place. The Ca-
cique thought with himsclfe that he was dead ; and comanded two young and well projwr.
tioned Indians to be brought thither; and said, that ^ vse of that Counirie was, when any
Lord died, to kill Indians to wait vpon him, an(l scrue him by the way : and for that purpose
by his commandement were those come thither : and prayed Luys dc Moscoso to command
them to be beheaded, that they might attend and serue his Lord and brother. Luys de
Moscoso told him. that the Ciouernour was not dead, but gone to heauen, and that of his
owne Christian souldiers, he had taken such as he needed to serue him, & praicd him to
command those Indians to be loosed, and not to vse any such bad custome from thencefoorih ■
atraightway hee commanded them to be loosed, and to get them home to their houses. AikJ
one of them would not goc; saying, that hee would not serue him, that withoui desert had
judged him to death, but that hee would serue him as long as hee liued, which had saued
his life.

Luys de Moscoso caused all the goods of the Gouernor to be sold at an outcrie : to wit
two men slaues, & two women slaues, and three horses, and 700. hogges. For euery slauc
or horse, they gaue twu or three thousand ducats : which were to be paied at the first melt-
ing of gold or siluer, or at the diuision of their portion of inheritance. And they entrrd
into bonds, though in (he Countrie there was not wherewith, to pay it within a yeerc after,
and put in sureties for the same. Such as in Spaine had no goods to bind, gaue two hun-
dred ducats for an hog, giuing assurance after the same maner. Those which had any goods
in Spaine, bought with more frare, and bought the lesse. From that time forward, most
of the companie had swine, and brought them vp, and fed vpoti them ; and obsenied Fri-
daies and Saturdaies, and the euenings of feasts, which before they did not. For sometimes
in two or three motieths they did eate no flesh, and whcnsoeuer they could come by it, thev
did eate it.

Chap. XXXI.

■ j^' -tt- " I J

How the Gouernour Luys de Moscoso departed from Guachoya, and went to Cha-
guate ; and from ihcnre to Aguacay.

SOme were glad nf the death of Don Ferdinando de Soto, holding for certaine, that
Luys de Mokcoso (which was giuen to his ease) would rather desire to be among the Chris-
tiana at reat, then to continue the laltours of the warrc in subduing and discouering of
Countries; whereof they were alreadie wearie, seeing the sm^!! profit that insued thereof.
The Gouernour commanded the Captaines and principall persons to meet to consult and
determine what they should doe. And being informed what |K*oplrd habitation was round
about, he vnderiitood that to the West, the Countrie was most inhabited, and that downe
the Riuer beyond Quigalta was vninhabited, and had little store of food. He desired them
all, that euerie one would giue his opinion in writing, (c set his hand to it : that they
might resolue by generall consent, whether they should goe downe the Itiuer, or enter into
the maine land. All were of opinion, that it was best to go by land toward the West,
because Nueua Espanna was that way ; holding the voyage by sea more dangerous, and of
greater hazard, because they could make no ship of any strength to abide a storme, neither
had they M.i8ter, nor Pilot, Compasce, nor Chart, neither knew they how farre the sea
was off, nor had any notice of it ; nor whether the Riuer did make any great turning into

the

"I I ■'iy<

I 1

:. I

,? !

dUcouerU of Florida,

And an the Indiaiu
bee. And passing by
icd and »pake one to

be taken vp by night,
inded vp, wherein hee

The Cacique of Gua-

and Lord, the Gonern-
ly other times hec did :
in his place. The Ca-
■oiing and well propor.
>untrie was, when any
r : and for that purpose
ic MtwcoBo to command
and brother. LuyR de
leauen, and that of his
him, & prated him to
omc from thencefoonh :
ne to their houses. And

that withoui desert had
; liued, which had saued

Id at an outcrie : to wit,
ogges. For euery slauc
le paied at the first melt-
nce. And they entrcd
y it within a yeere after,
to bind, paue two hun-
nse which had any goods
that time forward, most
hem; and obsenied Fri-
did not. For sometiniw
y could come by it, they
' '•" "' t.

I, and went to Cha-

lolding for certainr, that
e to be among the Cliris-
luing and discouerinjj <if
[jrolit that iiwued thereof,
ns to meet to consult and
yplfd habitation was round
(habited, and that downc
f food. He desired them

hit hand to it : that they
le the Uiuer, or enter into

by land towand the West,
I moie dangerous, and of

to abide a storme, neither
J they how farre the sea
iake any great turning inin
the

next adioyning to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. 1^33

the land, or had any great fall from the rocks, where all of them might be cast away. And
«Mne which had seene the sea-chart, did find, that from the place where they were by the
sea coast to Nona Espanna, might bee 400. leagues, little more or lesse ; and said, that
though they went somewhat about by land in seeking a peopled Countrie, if some great
wildernesse which they could not passe did not hinder the, by spending that sommer in
trauell, finding proiiision to passe the winter in some peopled Countrie, that the next
sonuner after they might come to some Christian land, and that it might fortune in their
traiicl by land to find some rich Countrie, where they might doe themselues good. The
Goaemour, although he desired to get out of Florida in shorter time, seeing the incon-
ueniences they laid before him, in trauelling by sea, determined to follow that which
seemed good to them all. On Monday the fifth of lune, he departed from Guachoya.J^^'^ •'''''"''
The Cacique gaue him a guide to Chaguate, and staicd at home in his owne towne. They
passed through a Prouince called Catalte : and hauing passed a wildernesse of sixe daies cauite.
lournic, the twentieth day of p moneth he came to Chaguate. The Cacique of this Pro- chijuatf.
uince had visited the Gouernour Don Ferdinando de Soto at Auliamque, whither he
brought him presents of skinnes, and mantles and salt. And a day before Luys de
Moscoso came to his towne, we lost a Christian that was sicke ; which hee suspected that
the Indians had slaine. Hee sent the Cacique word, that he should command his people
to seeke him vp, and send him vnto him, and that he would hold him, as he did, for his
friend : and if he did not, that neither he, nor his, should escape his hands, and that hee
would set his Countrie on fire. Presently the Cacique came vnto him, and brought
a great present of mantles and skinnes, and the Christian that was lost, and made this
speech following :

Right excellent Lord, I would not dcserue that conceit which you had of me, for all the
treasure of the world. What inforced me to goe to visit and serue the excellent Lord
Gouernour your father in Autiamque, which you should haue remembred, where I ofTered my
selfe with all loyaltie, faith and loue, during my life to serue and obey him ? What then
could be the cause, I hauing receiued fauours of him, and neither you nor he hauing done
me any wrong, that should mooue me to doe the thing, which I ought not ? Beleeue this of
mee, that neither wrong, nor any worldly interest, was able to make me to haue done it,
nor shall be able to blind me. But as in this life it is a naturall course, that after one plea-
sure, many sorrowes doe follow : so by your indignation, fortune would moderate the ioy,
which my heart conceiueth with your presence ; and that I should erre, where 1 thought
surest to haue hit the marke ; in harboring this Christian which was lust, and vsing him in
such manner, as he may tell himselfe, thinking that herein I did \ou seruice, with pur-
pose to deliuer him vnto you in Chaguate, and to serue you to the vttermost of my
power. If I (lesenie punishment for this, I will receiue it at your hands, as from my
I.ord, as if it were a fauour. For the loue which I did beare to the excellent Gouernour,
and which I beare to you hath no limit. And like as you giue me chastisement, so will you
also shew me fauour. And that which now I craue of you is this, to declare your will vnto
me, and those things, wherein I may bee able to doe you the most and best seruite.

The Gouernour answered him, that because he did not find him in that towne, hec was
incensed against him, thinking he had absented himselfe, as others had done: But seeing
he now knew his loyaltie and loue, he would alwaies hold him as a brother, and fauour him
in all his affaires. The Cacique went with him to the towne where he resided, which was
a daies ioiirnie from thence. They passed through a sma! town, where there was a lake, a jdui towne.
where the Indians made salt : and the Christians made some one day while they rested saii nude .1
there, ofabMckish water, which sprang neere the towne in ponds like fountaines. The"' 'P'"'*'"'^
tiouernour ("taicd in Chaguate sixe daies. There he was informed of the habitation that
was toward the West. They told him, that three liaies iournie from thence was a Prouince
ralletl Agnacay. The day that he departed from Chaguate, a Christian, called Francisco de
(Jiizman, the b.ise sonne of u Gentleman of Siuill, staicd behind, and went to the Indians,
with an Indian woman which he kept as his concubine, fur fcarc he fihould be punisiicd for

ganung

r "

) ■

ill m

1^' il! .Tl

' li i';

li ;

,!r: ,

? .^

I t

1 ii: ' . , il,

t!ie Suuth Set.
Store of Salt
made.

A sm-il towiie.

Puo.

Am.iye.

534 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The diacouerie of Florida.

gaming debts, that he did owe. The Goiiernor had trauelled two dales before he missed
Ajuiciv. him ; hee sent the Cacique word to seeke him vp, and to send him to Aguacay, whither he
trauelled : which hee did not performe. From the Cacique of Aguacay, before they came
into the Countrie, there met him on the way 15. Indians with a present of skinnes, fish
and rosted venison. The Goucrnour came to his towne on Wednesday, the fourth of lulie.
lie found the towne without people, and h)dged in it: he staled there about a day; during
which, he made some roades, and tooke many men and women. There they had know-
ledge of the South Sea. Here there was great store of salt made of sand, which they
gather in a vaine of ground like peeble stones. And it was made as they make salt in
Cayas. ■ . , ■ ,-,,,( . ■. ., ,„,. ■ i,

Chap. XXXTI.

How the Goucrnour went from Aguacay to Naguatcx, and what happened vnto him.

Tile same day that the Goucrnour departed from Aguacay he lodged in a small towne
subicct to the Lord of that prouince. The Campe pitched hard by a lake of salt water;

fi\: injjc hfre. and that euening they made some salt there. The day following hee lodged betweene two
mountclnes in a thinne grouc of wood. The next day hee came to a small towne called
Palo. The fourth day after his departure from Aguacay he came to the first habitation of a
prouince called Amaye. There an Indian was taken, which said that from thence in
Naguatex was a day and a haTfs iourney ; which they trauelled, tinding all the way
inhabited placci?. Hauing passed the peopled countrie of Amaye, on Saturday the 20. (i|
lulie they pitched their Campe at noone betweene Amaye and Naguatex along the corner
of a groue of very faire trees. In the same place ccrtaine Indians were discouered, which
came to view them. The horsemen went out to them, and killed six, and tooke two;
whom the Goucrnour asked, wherefore ihcy came? They said, to know what people hee
had, and what order they kept ; and that the Cacique of Naguatex their Lord hid sent
them, and that he, with other Caciques which came to aide him, determined that day to
bid him battell. While they were occupied in these que!>tions and ait.sweres, there came
many Indians by two waies in two squadrons: and when they saw they were dcsrricd,
giuing a great crie they assaulted the Christians each squadron by it ^elfc : but seeing what
resistance the Christians made them, they turned their barkes and betooke themselues to
flight, in which many of them lost their Hues; and most of the horsemen followin<; them
in chase, carelesoe of the Camp, other two squadrons of Indians, which lay in ambu.sh, set
vpon the Christians that were in the Campe, which also they resisted, who also had their
reward as the first. After the flight of the Indians, and that the Chri>ii. ins were retired,
they heard a great noise a crossebow shot from the place where they were. The Gouernour
sent twelue horsemen to sec what it was. They found sixe Christians, foure footmen and
two horsemen, among many Indians ; the horsemen defending the footmen with great
labour. These being of them that cha.<ted the first two squadrons, had lost themHelues, and
comming to recouer the Campe fell among thotie with whom they were fighting : and <o
they, and those that came to succour the, clew many of the Indians, and brought one aiino
to the Campe: whom the Gouernour examined, who they were that came to bid him bat-
tell. He told him, that they were the Cacique of Naguatex, and of Amaye, and another
of a prouince called Hacanar, a Lord of great countries and many subiects : and that the
Cacique of Naguatex came for Captaine and chiefest of them all. The Goufriioiir com-
manded his right arme and nose to be cut off, and sent him to the Cacique of Naguatex,
charging him to fell him, that the next day hee would bee in his countrey to destroy him ;
and if hee would withstand his entrance, hee should stay for him. That night he lodged

N>iuJtM. there; and the next day hee came to the habitation of Naguatex, which wa^i very scatter^
intj: he inquired where the Caciques chiefe towne was? They told him that it was on the

A R.utr. other side of a Hiuer, that passed thereby : hcc trauelled thitherward, and came vni<i it :

and on the other side hee saw many Indians, that taried for him, making shew as though

ihev

Hicinic.

;«,,.- ---^

appened vnto him.

next adioyning to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 535

they would defend the passage. And because hee knew not whether it could bee waded,
nor where the passage was ; and that some Christians and horses were hurt ; that they
might haue time to recouer, he determined to rest rertaine daies in the towne where he
was. So hee pitched his campe quarter of a lea£.ie from the Riuer, because the weather
was very hot, necrc vnto the towne, in a thinne groue of very faire and hie trees neere a
brookes side : and in that place were certaine Indians taken ; whom hee examined, whether
the Riuer were wadeable or no? They said, yea, at some times, and in some places.
Within ten daies after he sent two Captaines with fifteene horsemen a peece vpward and August.
downe the Riuer with Indians to shew them where they should goe ouer, to see what habita-
tion was on the other side: And the Indians ^vithstood them both, defending the passage of
the Riuer as farre as they were able, but they passed in f't;.«ij'>ite of them : and on the other They pwe the
side of the Riuer they saw great habitation, and greal sttre of victuals; and with these ''^""'
newes returned to the Camp.

•' • ' ■ Chap. XXXIII.

How the Cacique of Nagiiatex came to visite the Gouernour: and how the Gouern-
our departed from Naguatex and came to Nondacao.

THe Gouernour sent an Indian from Naguatex where hee lay, to command the Cacique
to come to serue and obey him, and that hee would forgiuf^ him all that was past ; and if
he came not, that he would seeke him, and giue him such punishment as he had deserued
for that which he had done against him. Within two daies the Indian returned, & said that
the C.icique would come the next day : which, the same day when he came, sent many
Indians before him, among whom there were some principal! men : hee sent them to see
what countenance they found in the Gouernour, to resolue with himselfe whether hee
should goe or not. The Indians let him vnderstand, that he was comming, and went away
presently : and the Cacique came within two houres accompanied with many of his men :
they came all in a rankc one before another on both sides, leaning a lane m the middest
where hee came. They came where the Gouernour w.is, all of them weeping after the
manner of Tulla, which was not farre from thence toward the East. The Cacique made his Tu1i> hoi fu
due obedience, and this speech following : ETu^Jt""'

Right high and mightie Lord, whom ail the world ought to serue and obey, I was bold
to appeare before your Lordship, hauing committed so heinous and abominable an act, as
only for me to haue imagined, deserued to be punished ; trusting in your greatnes, (hat
although I descruc to obtaine no p.irdon, yet for your owne sake only you will vse clemencie
toward me, considering how small I am in comparison of your Lordship; and not to think
vpon my weaknesses, which, to my gricfe and for my greater good, I haue knowne. And
I beleeue that you and yours are immortall; and that your Londship is Lord of the land of
nature, seeing that you subdue all things, and they obey you, euen the very hearts of men.
For when 1 beheld the slaughter and destruction of my men in the battell, which, through
mine ignoriice, and the counsell of a brother of mine, which died in the same, I gaue your
Lordship, presently I repented me in my heart of the error, which I had committed ; and
de»ircd to serue and obey you : and to this end I come, that your Lordship may chastise and
command inee as your owne.

The Gouernour answered him, that he forgaue him all which was past, that from thence-
forth hee should do his dutie, & that he woiikl hold him for his friend, and that he would
fauour him in all things. Within foure daies hee departed tlience, and comming to the
Riuer he could noi passe, because it was grownc very bigge ; which seemed to him a thing '■''>' Rii"
of admiralion, being at that time that it w.is, and since it had not rained a moneih bcfu """"'"""
The Indians said, that it increased many times after that manner without raining in all ihe
countrie. It was supposed, that it might bee the tide that came into it. It was leamcil '^".""'"'"of
that the flocxl came alway from aboue, and that the Indians of nil that countrie hid n' NmhwJj'
knowledge of the Sea. The Gouernour rclurncd vnto the place where he had lodged

before ;

gro>\ nc vnpaNt-
• atilr in August,
It Niguatex.

:; '1

'iA

I''

¥ I

. ! , I

1 ..• ^'^

4, ' ;

'fllliiiii'i

.,1

1 ;^'<llt>,,'

I t

i f

It',
I',

NUsooiic.

L-icine.

530 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The disconcrie of Flurida,

before : and vnderslanding within eight daies after that the Riiier was pas»enble, he de-
A towiK. parted. He pasiied oner and found the towne without people : he lodged in the field, and
sent the Cacique word to come vnto him, and to bring him a guide to goe forward. And
gome daics beinif paMt, seeing the Cacique came not, nor sent any bodie, hee s>cnf two
Townf s bur.itd. Captaincs sundrie waies to buriie the townes. and to take such Indians as they could lindo:
They burnt great store of victuals, and took many Indians. The Cacique seeing the hurt
that he receiued in his countrie, sent sixe principall Indians with three men for guides
which knew the language of the countrie, through which the Gouemour was to passe.
Hee departed presently from Nagualex, and within three daies ioumey came to a towne of
foure or fine houses, which belonged to the Cacique of that prouince, which is called
Nissoone: it was cuill inhabited and had little Maiz. Two daies iourney forward the guides
which guided the Gouemour, if they were to goe Westward, guided him to the East; and
sometimes went vp and downe through very great woods out of the way. The Gonernour
commanded them to bee hanged vpoiv a tree : and a woman that they tooke in Nissonne
guided him, and went backe againc to secke the way. In two daies he came to another
miserable towne, called Lacanc : an Indian was taken in that place, that said, that the
countrie of Nondacao was a countrie of great habitation, and the houses scattering the one
from the other, as they vse to bee in mountains, and had great store of Maiz. The Cacinn,.
came with his men weeping, like them of Naguatex : for this is their vse in token
of obedience : hee made him a present of much fish, and - "ered to doe what he
would command him. Hee tooke his leaue, and gaue him a guide to the prouince oi
Soacaiino.

Chap. XXXIIII. , ,^, ...

How the Gouemour went from Nondacao to .Soacatino and Guasco, and p.nsscd
through a desert, from whence, for want of a guide, and an intcrprctour, he
returned to Nilco.

Tlle Gouemour departed from Nondacao toward Soacatino, and in fine daies irnie camr
to a Prouince called Anys. The Indians which inhabited it, had no notice of the ChristLms:
but asjoone as they saw that they entrcd into their country, they as»embicd tlicmselues: and
as they came together 50. or lUO. they came foorth to fight : while some fought, others rame
and charged our -^en another way, and while they followed some, others followed them. Thr
tight lasted the greatest part of the day, till they came to their towne. Some horses and mrn
were wounded, but not to any hurt of their trauelling: for there was no wound that un>:
dangerous. There was a great spoile made of the Indians. That day that the Goufrmmr
departed from thence, the Indian that guided him said, that in Nondncao he had heard «av,
that the Indians of Soacatino had seene other Christians, whereof they all were verv glad;
thinking it might be true, and that they might haue entred into those parts by Niicua Es-
panna ; and that if it were so, it was in their owne hand to goe out of Florida, if they r«iinil
nothing of profit: for they feared they should lose themselues in some wildernes. This In.
dian led him two daies out of the way. The Gouemour commanded to torture him. ||(
said, that the Cacique of Nondacao, his Lr>rd, had commanded him to guide them so, he-
cause they were his enemies, and that hee was to doe as his Lord commanded him. Thr
Gouemour commanded him to be cast to the dogs : and another guided him to Soaratiiid.
whither hee came the day following. It was a verie poore Countrie: there was great want
of Maiz in that place. Hee asked the Indians, whether they knew of any other Christian>i.
They said, that a little from thence toward the South they heard they were. He Iritirlled '2().
daies through a Countrie euill inhabited, where they •^uftered great srarciiieand trouble. For
that little Maiz which the Indians had, they had hidden and buried in the woods, where thi-
Christians, after they were well wearied with their trauell, at the end of their iournie went
to seekc by digging what they should eat. At last, comming to a Pmuince that was called
Guasco, they found Maiz, wherewith they loaded tlieir horses, and the Indians that thev had.

From

A.iys.

A t.JWlK.

lO. d- :^^ iriutll
luArard the
SMtll.

the)- fitund lomc
1'urkir itonci,
and mjntlet of

CuItJll "'HjU.

disconeric of Florida,

tmt adioyning to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. 537

From thence they went to another towne called Naquiscoja. The Indiani said, they had Naq"iKo«'-
no notice of any other Chrintians. The Goucrnour commanded to torment them. They
said, that they came first to another Lordship, which was called Naqacahoz, and from Na?Kahoi.
thence returned again to the West, from whence they came. The Goiiernour came in
two daies to Na<;acahoz : Some women were taiten there : among whom there was one,
which said, that she had scene Christians, and had been taken by them, and had run
away. The Gouemour sent a Captaine with 15. horsemen to the place where the woman
said she had scene them, to see if there were any signe of horses, or any tolvcn of their
being there. After they had gone three or foure leagues, the woman that guided them said,
that all that she had told them was vntrue. And so they held all the rest that the Indians had
said, of seeing Christians in the land of Florida. And, because the Countrie that way was
poore of Maiz, and toward the West, there was no notice of any habitation, they returned ^'^1'^"^^'""'
to Guasco. The Indians told them there, that 10. daies iournie from thence toward the West,
was a Riuer called Daycao ; whither they went sometimes a hunting and killing of Deere :
and that they had scene people on the other side, but knew not what habitation was there.
There the Christians tooke such Maiz as they found and could carrie, and, going 10. daies
iournie through a wilderneitse, they came to the Riuer which the Indians had told them of. Tiit Rtun or
Ten horsemen, which the Goucrnour had sent before, passed ouer the same, and went in a s<.JX," h ,o"be'
way that led to the Riuer, and lighted vpon acompanie of Indians that dwelt in verie little iu<><i'>°">-
cabins : who, assoone as they saw them, tooke themselues to flight, leauing that which they
had ; all which was nothing but miserie and pouertie. The Countrie was so poore, that
among them all there was not found halfe a peck of Maiz. The horsemen tooke two Indians,
and returned with them to the Riuer, where the Gouernour staled for them. He sought to
learne of them what habitation was toward the West. There was none in the Camp that
could vnderstand their language. The Goucrnour assembled the Captaines and principall
persons, to determine with their aduicc what they should doc. And the most part said, that
they thought it best to returne backe to Rio grande. or the Great Riuer of Guachoya ; be-
cause that in Nilco and thereabout was store of Maiz : saying, that they would make pinaccs
that winter, and the next sommer passe down the Riuer to the seaward in them, and comming
to the Sea they would goe along the coast to Nueua Espanna. For though it seemed a doubt'
full thing and difficult, by that which they had already alleaged, yet it was the last remedie
they had. For by land they could not goe for want of an Interpretour. And they held, thatNotnueiUngby
the countrie beyond the Riuer of Daycao, where they were, was that which Cabei;a de Vaca If"'* ""'''°'" *"
mentioned in his relation that he passed of the Indians, which liucd like the Aiarbes, hauing
no setlcd place, and fed vpon Tunas and rootcs of the fields, and wildc beasts that they
killed. Which if it were so, if they should enter into it and tinde no victuals to passe the
winter, they could not chusc but perish. For they were cntred alreadie into the beginning
of October : and if they staicti any longer, they were not able to returne for raine and
snowcs, nor to sustaine themselues in so poore a countrey. The Gouernour (that desired
long to sec himselfe in a place where hee might sleepe his full sleep, rather then to conquer
and gouernc a countrie where so many troubles presented thcniselucs) presently returned
back that same way that he came. ,

Chap XXXV.

How they returned to Nilco, and c.ime to Minoya, where tiicy agreed to make ships
to depart out of the land of Florida.

WT^Ien that which was determined was published in the Campc, there were many that were
greatly grieued at it : for they held the Sea voyage as doubtfiill, for the cuill meanes they
had, and of as great danger, as the trauclling by land : and they hoped to finde some rich
countrie before they came to the land of the Christians, by that which Cabetja de Vaca had
told the Emperour : and that was this ; That after hcc had found clothes made of cotton wooll,
hee saw gold and siluer, and stones of grct value. And they had not yet come where hee CuM.siiiKriud
had been. For vntill that place hee alwaics traiielled by the Sea coast: and they trauclled (""nrj*"""

vol.. V. J Z fnrrc

interpretour.

y-*

T'M '■

I I

vfvl

mKmj

»' \,i

I' M ■," ' ii

!|i|Sf]^f:-!

it >i
1

. . i

1
i

T'-tikie stones
and m.ititlrs ef
cuttuii wooll
fuuiid ill Gui£Co.

twcfnc the
Kiucr of Uny
CIO, itid Rio
graiulf.

Nagiiatex.

Tint earthfn
eiuaiatr.

538 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Tlie discouerk of FloriJu,

farre within the land ; ami that so'ng toward the Wc»t, of necessitic they should come where
hoe had been. For he said. That in a certain place he trauellcd many daics, and entred into
the land toward the North. And in Guasco thry had alreadic found some Turkic stones, and
mantles of cotton wocU: which the Indians si';nificd by si;;ncs that they had from the West •
and that holdini; that ccursc they should draw nccrc to the land of the Christians. But though
they were much discontented with it, and it <j;ricucd many to jToe backward, which would ra-
ther hauc aduentured their 'lues and hauc died in the land of Tlorida, then to hauc gone poorc
out of it : yet were they not a suffuient part to hinder that whicli was determined, because
the principall moi ajjrecd with the Goucrnour. And aftersvard there was one that said, hcc
would put out one of his ownc eyes, to put out another of Luis de Moscoso; because it
would <;rieue him much to see him prosper: l)erausc aswcll himself as others of his friends
had crossed that which hee durst not hauc done, seeing that within two dales hee should icauc
.'«°;J"8"" f"-thc jjoiiernmcnt. From Daycao, where now tiiey were, to Rio grandc, or the Great Rjucr
was I.W. leajjues: which vnto that place they had ;;one Westward. And by the wayastlicy
returned lacke they hat! much adoe to lind Maiz lo eite: for where they had passed, rlie
countrey was destroyed : and some litilc Mai/, tlmt was left the Indians had hidden. The
townes which in Naguatex they had burned (whereof it repented them) were repaired airaine
and the houses full of Maiz. Ti:is coiiiitrie is well inlabited and plentiful!. In that place
are vessels made of clay, which diUVr very little from those of F.sfremoz, or Monle-mor. In
Chan'iiafe the Indians by coniir.andenient of the Cacique caine peaceably, and said, that the
Christian which remained there would not come. The Goucrnour wrote vnto him, and sent
him inkc and pa|)er that he mij;ht answere. The substance of the words of the letter was
to declare \nto him his determination, which was, to goe out of the land of Florida, and to
put l'i;n in remembrance tliat he was a Christian, that hee would not remainc in the suhicitidi,
(if In(id"ls, that hee pardoned him the fault which he had done in going away to the Indian^
that hee should ccme vnto Iiini : and if thev did slay him, that hee would adueriisc liim
therei f by writing. The Indian went with the letter, and came again without any more an-
swere, then, on the back side, his name and his scale, that they might know he was aliu,.
The G(.uernour sent twelue horsemen to seeke liim : but he, which had his spies, so hid him-
selfe, that thev could not lind him. For want of .Nfaiz the Cioucrnour could not sI.tv am
longer t> secke him. Ilee departed (rom Chagucte, and passed the Hiuer by Aavs ; L'nin''
downe bv it hee found a towne called Chilano, which as yet thev had not seen. Thev came
to Nilco, & found so little Mai/, as coulil not suffice till they made their ships ; bccan^i' the
Christians, being in Guachova in t!ie seede time, the Indians for feare of them durst iiit
comi to sow the grounds of Nilcn : aiul thev knew not tiiereabout any other counirie wIktc
any Maiz was: and that was the most fruilfull soile that was thereaway, aiul where thev iiad
most hope to finde it. Fuerv one was conlnunded, and the most part thought it bad C(iun>(l|
to come backc from the Hiuer r)f Davcan, and not to haue followed their fortune, going ilm
wav that went ouer land. Fcr bv Sea it seemed impossible to sane ihemselues, vnlesseC!(.l
would wcrke a miracle for them : for there was neither Pilot, nor Sea-chart, neithir did thev
know where the Riuer entred into the Sea, neither had they notice of if, neither had ihcv
anv thing wherewith to make sailes, nor any store of I'.nequcm, which is a grasse VNlicmj
thev make Okam, which grew there: ami that uhich thev fouiul they saued to caike iho
I'inaccs vsiihall, neither had they anv thing to |)ii(h them withall: neither could thev make
ships cf such siil)siai>c'e, but that ;uiy storme would put the'' in gnat dan;;er: and thev IVarcd
much it would fall oui with them, as it did with Pamphilo de Naruaez, which was c:i><i away
vpon that coast: .\nd .\b(uic all other it troubled them most, that thev could (inde no M,\i/, ;
for without it they could not bee sustained, nor could doc any thing that they had ncede of.
All of them were |)ut to great confusion. Their chicfc remedy was to comniit themscliics lo
(lod. and to beseech him that he would direct them the way that they might sane their lines.
And it pleased him of his goodnesse, that the Indians of Nilco came peaceablie, and tcild
them, that two dales iourney from thence, nccrc vnto the (Jrcat Riuer, were two townes,
whereof the Christians had no notice, aiul that the prouince was called Minoya, and was a

fruitful!

Aiiyi.

Chi'.atio.
N.lio.

. I

iscouerie of Florida,

ncTt adioytiing to Virsinia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERILS.

fruitfull soile : that, whether at this present there was any Maiz or no, they knew not, because
they had warre with them : but that they would be very glad with the fauourof ihe Christians
to goe and spoyle them. The Gouernour sent a Captaine tliilhcr with horsemen and foot-
men, and the Indians of Nilco with him. Ilee came to Minoya, and found two great lownes
seated in a plaine and open soile, halfe a league distant, one in sight of another, aiul in
them he tooke many Indians, and found great store of Maiz. Presently he lodged in one of
them, and sent word to the Gouernour what hee had found : wherewith they were all exceed-
ing glad. They departed from Nilco in the beginning of December; and all that way, and
before from Chilano, they endured much trouble: for they passed through many waters, and
many times it rained with a Northren winde, and was exceeding cold, so that tht-y were in
the open field with water ouer and vnderneath them : and when at the end of tlieir dales
iourney they found drie ground to rest vpon, they gaue great thanks to God. With this
trouble almost all the Indians that serued them died. And after they were in Minoya, many
Christians also died : and the most part were sicke of great and dangerous diseases, which
had a spice of the lethargic. At this place died Andrew de Vasconcelo*, and two Portugals
of Elua.s, which were very necre him : which were brethren, and by their surname called
Sotis. The Christians lodged in one of the fowiics, which they liked best ; which was fenscd
about, and distant a quarter of a league from the (ircat Hiuer. The Maiz that was in the
other towne was brought thitiier; and in all it was esteemed to bee (iOUU. hanegs or bu'hels.
And there was the best timber to make ships, that they had scene in all the land ( f I'lorida ;
wherefore all of them gauc God great thankcs for so singular a fauour, and hoped that tl nl
which they desired would take cflect, which was, that they might safely bee conducted into
the land of the Christians.

539

Minoya.
Two arcjt
towncs.

The bi'gintiing
of December.

Ratne with

Northren wind
exceeding culU.

The ilcatli ot"
Atulrtw Wis-
coiicelos.

Chap. XXXVI.
How there were seucn Brigandines buildcd, and how they departed from Minoya.
ASsoone as they came to Minoya, the Gouernor commanded them to gather all

the

chaines l(>gether, which eiierie one had to lead Indians in ; and to gather al the yron which
they had for their prouision, and al the rest that was in the Camp: and to set \p a forge
to make nailes, and commanded them to cut downe tinibrr for the brigandines. And
a Portugall of Ceiita, who hauing bin a prisoner in Fez, had learned to saw timber with a
long saw, which for such purposes they had carried with them, did teach others, which
helped him to saw timber. And a Genowis, whom it pleased (Jod to |)reserne (for without
him they had iieuer come out of the couiurie: for there was neiier annlhcr that could make
ships but hee) wiih fi)ure or fine other Bisraine carpenters, which lu-wod his plancks and
(ithcr timbers, made the brigandines: And two calkers, the one of Genua, the other of
.Sardinia did calke them with the tow of an hearb like heinpc, whereof before I haue made Fnrqt i-n i a.,
mention, which there is named Knetiuen. And because there was not enou";h of it, they vf'"' ''"'
calked them with the flaxe of the Countrie, and with t!ie niantlcs, which they rauelled forii,,,. „f ,v
that purpose. A cooper which they had among them (ell siikc, and was at the j)()int of "'""""■•
death : and there was none other that had any skill in that trade: it pleased God to send him
liis health : And albeit he was verie weakc, and could not hdjciir; \et l,^>. dales before they
departed, he made for eiierv brigandlne two halfe hogs heads, which the mariners call
(|uarlerets, because foure of them hold a pipe of water, fiic Indians which dwelt two dales
ii urnie aboue the Kii.er in a Prouince called T;iguanatc, and likewise those of Nilco and Tijuh. r
(iuacoya, and others iheir neighl)ours seeing the brigandines in making, thinking, because f,I,'„y"^','',„^.^
tlieir places of reru:;e arc in the water, that they were to goe to sceke them: and because
the (louernour demanded mantles of them, as necessarle (or sailcs, canu- many times, and
brought many mantles, and great store of fish. .Xnd for cerfaine it scenuvl that Ciod was
willing to fauour them in so great neccssitle, mooning the minds of the Indians to brin"
thcni : for to goe to fake them, they were neucr able. For in the towiie where thcv wcro,
•issoone as winter (amc in, thcv were so inclosi'd and conip.issed with water, i thev could

^Mii!*

JiHi!

iU^''t\.^W^

i)l

^;i- i

.::i:

5iO

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The dltcouerU of Florida,
go no r^rther by land, then a league, & a league & an half. And if they would go farth

or.

TticgreiKMofthey could Carrie no horse«, & without the they were not able to fight with the Indinns, be'
'""'"• cause they were many : and so many for so many on foole they had the aduantngc of ihcm

by water and by land, because they were more apt and lighter, and by reason of the dispo-
sition of the Countric, which was according to their desire for the vsc of their wnrrc. Thev
brought also some cords, and those which wanted for cables were made of jhe barkcs (if
'^""*"'"""- M ulberrie trees. They made stirrops of wood, & made aniiers of their stirrops. In iho
I?'iiT'*of''hi"' ""'"^''^ ^^ \farch. when it had not rained a moncth before, the Riuer grew so big, ii,^, ■^^
KiunhttlJ came to Nilco, which was nine leagues off: and on the other side, the Indians said, \\\a\ ;►
•""^'"".ir"' reached other nine leagues into the land. In the towne where the Christians were, which
M.nh uid was somewhat higli ground, where they could best goe, the water reached to the stirrnps.
They made ceriaine rafts of timber, and laid manic boughes vpon them, wheron ihcv ni-I
their horses, and in the houses they did the like. But seeing that nothing preuailcd, thcv
went vp to the lofts: and if they went out of the houses, it was in canoes, or on horseback
in those places where the gn^und was hiest. So they were two moneths, and could dne
nothing, during which time the Riuer decreased not. The Indians ceased not to come mkh
the brigantines as they were wont, and came in canoes. At that time the Gouernour feared
they would set vpon him. Ilee commanded his men to take an Indian secretly of thoup
that came to the towne, and to stny him till the rest were gone : and they tooke one. The
Gouernour commanded him to bee put to torture, to make him eonfcsse, whether the Indians

A)<rill.

rhr tranj con- Hid ppaciisc any treason or no. Hee confessed that the Caciques of Nilco, Guachoya, J;-
11!".,!' J ai'ni'i Tagiianate, and others, which in al were about 20. Caciques, with a great number of people.

N. Ii wr'.l.

deter, lined to come vpon him ; and that three daies before, they would send a great present
offish to colour their great treason and malice, and on the vcric day they would send souk-
Indiaiis before with another present : And these with those which were our slaucs, whidi
were of their conspiracic also, should set the houses on fire, and first of all possesse thrni-
scliics of the lances which stood at the doores of the houses; and the Caciques with al! iluir
men should bee ncere the towne in ambush in the wood, and when they saw the fire kindled
should come, and make .in end of the conquest. The Gouernour commanded the Indian to
T'"'"' '"''"• be kept in a chaine, and the selfesame day that he spake of, there came 30. Indians wii'i
Ifr.uiciioT' fish. Hee commanded their right hands to be cut off, and sent them .so barke ro i!,,
hinj' Tulf'" ^''f'^"*^ of Guachoy.i, whose men they were. He sent him word, that he and the rest should
come when they would, for he desired nothing more, and that hee should know, that ihri
thought not any thing which he knew not before they thought of it. Hereupon they r.il
were put in a very great fearc : .\nd the Caciques of Nilco and Taguanafe came to ex(ii>(
ihcnisclucs : and a few daies after came he of Guachoya, and a principal Indian and hU
subicct, said, he knew by ceriaine information. That the Caciques of Nilco and Tagiian;ii(
were agreed to come and make warre vpon the Christians. Assoonc as j Indians came fro!:i
Nilco, the Gouernour examined them, and they confessed it w.is true. Hee deliuercd thui
presently to the principall man of Guachoya, which drew them out of the towne and kiiid!
them. Anotiier day came some from Taguanate, and confessed it likewise. The(i()iiernMi
ThtiiEht ti)n<i« Commanded their right hands and noses to be cut off, and sent them to the Cacique, wlurr-

"* ' ff with they of Guachoya remained very well contented : and they came oftentimes with |irr

sents of mantles and V\>h, and hogs, which bri-d in the Coniiirie of some swine that were
lost by the way the last ycerc. Assoone as the waters were slaked, they perswaded the 0, •
uernour to send men to Taguanate : They came and brought canoes, wherein the footemrn
were conueicd downe the Riuer, and a Caplaine with horsemen went by land ; and the Indian-
of Guachoya, which guided him, till they came to Taguanate, .issaulted the towne, aivl tock
many men and women, and mantles, which with those th.il they had afreadic were sudii ient
to supplic tlu'ir want. The brigandines being finished in the moneth of lune, the In'lians
hauing told vs. That the Kiuer increased but once a ycere, when the snowes did melt, in
the time wlicrein I mentioned it had alrcadie increased, being now in sommer, and haiiins;
wiirnihtiiwwM not rained a long time, it pleased God, that the flood came vp to the towne to sceke the

brigandiiif>,

iiiid nnits of
liaitoiiTt cut ol

Hogjts

Taguinite
taken.

Iun«.

The Kiuer in-
irr^frltt h.it
net a yrrrr

^1.

il- ■ ■'

dltcouerte of Florida,

tlicy would go farther,
it with the Imlinns, bc-

the adtiantngc of ihcm

)y reaHon of the dispo-

of their warrc. Thev
made of the barkes (if

their stirrops. In (he
er grew so bii^, that it
[he Indians said, that it

Chriittians were, which
reached to the stirrop^.

them, wheron thcv hv\
nothing prcuailcd, ihcy
canoes, or on horseback
loneths and could ddp
[•ensed not to come miio
nc the Gouernour fearcii

Indian secretly of thw
d they tooke one. 'flic
psse, whether the Indiana

of Nilco, Guachoya, &.-

great number of people,
ould send a great prcsenr
ly they would send somk-
I were our slaucs, wliidi
irst of all possessc thmi-
he Caciques >vith all tlu-r
they saw the fire kindled,
commanded the Indian 1 1
re cnmc 30. Indians wii'.
It them xo backe to ihr
that he and the rcct shouM
e should know, that ihf\
nf it. Hereupon thcyr.ii
'aguanafe came to cxhm

prinripal Indian and hU
s of Nilco and Taguaniiit
ne as ^ Indians camo (un
rue. llec deliucrcd tlim
lit of the towne and kiiiu'
likewise. The (loiierm ir
cm to the Cacique, wlurr-
rame ofteniimes with pre

of (iomc swino that \sere
d, they perswaded ihr (ii -
ocs, wherein the footemcn
nt by land ; and the Indian-
aulted the towne, and toe k
had alreadic were suflfit ieni
incth of lune, the In-lians
I the snowes did melt, ii\
ow in sommer, and hanin;;
to the towne to secke the
brigandinc>,

next ttdioyntng to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

54t

brigandines, from whence they carried them by wafer to the Kiuer. Which, if they had JnoiKicin
gone by land, had been in danger of breaking and splitting their keeles, and to bee all Jp,","; "''
vndone; because that for want of iron, tlie spikes were short, and the planckes and timber a miraculous
were very wcake. The Indians of Minoya, during the time that they were there, came to **'*"'"
serue them (being driuen thereunto by necessity) that of the Maiz which they had taken
from them, they would bestow some cnimmcs vpon them. And because the Countrie was
fcrtill, and the people vscd to feed of .Maiz, and the Christians had gotten all from them
that they had, and the people were many, they were not able to stistaine themselues.
Those which came to the towne were so weake and feeble, that they had no flesh left on
their bones : and many came and died necre the towne for pure hunger and wcakcnesse.
The Gouernour commanded vpon grieuous punishments to giue them no Maiz. Yet, when
they saw that the hngges wanted it not, and that they had yeelded themselues to serue them,
& considering their niiseric and wretchednes, hauing pity of the, they gauc them part of
the Maiz which they had. And when the time of their cmbarkmcnt cainc, there was not
sufficient to serue their ownc turncs. That which there was, they put into the brigandines,
and into great canoes tied two and two together. They shipped 22. of the best horses, that
were in the Camp, the rest ihcy made dried flesh of; and dressed the hogges which they
had in like manner. They departed from Minoya the second day of lulie, 1543.

Chap. XXXVII.

As the Christians went downe the great Riuer on their voyage, the Indians of
Quigalta did set vpon them, and what was the sticcesse thereof.

THe day before they departed from Minoya, they determined to diamisse al the men &
women of the Countrie, which they had detained as slaues to serue them, saue some hundred,
little more or lesse, which the Gouernour embarked, and others whom it pleased him to
permit. And because there were many men of qualitie, whom he could not deny that
which he granted to others, he vsed a policy, saying, that they might serue them as long
as they were in the Kiuer, but when they came to the sea, they must send them away for
want of water, because they had but few vessels. He told his friends in secret, that they
should carrie theirs to Nueua F panna: And all those whom hee bare no good will vnto
(which were the greater number) ignorant of that which was hidden from them, which after-
ward time discouered, thinking it inhumanitie for so little time of scruice, in reward of the
great scniice that they had done them, to carrie them with them, to leaue them slaues to ^oo. shuts itt
other men out of their ownc C untries ; left fine hundred men and women ; among whom '" '''' Coumtif.
were many boies and girles, which spake & vnderstood the Spanish tongue. The mo«.t of
them did nothing hut weepc: which mooued great compassion; seeing that all of them with
good will would hauc become Christians, and were left in state of perdition. There went
from Minora '.fifi, Spaniards in seuen brigandines, well made, saiic that the plankes were Thry !«itr
thin, because the nailes were short, and were not pitched, nor had any decks to keep the n,""dc'from
w.iier from comniing in. In stead of decks they laid planks, whereon the mariners might Mnu.y.i i?.
runne to trim their s.iiles, and the people might refresh themselues aboue and below. The ci,'",'^.! 'fit'' '^
Gouernour made his Captaines, and gaue to euery one his brigandinc, and took their '"°"''' '•'""f'
olh and their word, that they would obey him, vntill they came to the land of the Christians.
The Goueriu)ur tooke one of the brig.Todines for himself, which he best liked. The same
day that ihey departed from Minoya, they passed by Guachoya, where the Indians tarried
fur them in canoes by the Riuer. And on the ohore, they had nia<le a great arbour with
boughes: They desired him to come on shore ; but he excused himselfe, and so went along :
The Indians in their canoes accompanied him; and comming where an arme of the Hiuer
licilined on the right hand, they said, that the Prouince of Quigalta was ncere vnto
that place, and importuned the Gouernour to set vpon him, and th.it they wonhl ;iidc
him. And because ihcy had said, that he dwelt three daies iournie dowpc the Hiner, the
(loiicrnour supposed that they had plotird some treason against him, and there left ihcni;

and

>'l

•

im< II

:.l

1 ,-

,1
'pi

hi\

I !

i *.;'^

» ,.i

fl'l

't,;!|(i;'r:|

]h<

Aikiihet th*

,\ !. v.n,- hutntiJ,

'I lu ihiiJ d.iy.

.•\ Hrrtr of ill
IninJtrd f.iltf
unl .'itAt raiiur*.

r,W VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS, The dhcoucrk of Fiortita

and went downc with iho greatest fi)rce of the water. The current was very stronj;, a„j
with the hc!|)c of ores, they went very Mwillly. The first day they landed in a woi'd „„
the leTt hand of the Hiiter, and at ninht they withdrew thenif^eluex to the brigandines. j\^^
Thr Kcoiiddjy. next dav they came to a lowne, where they went on shore, and the people tliat was in j.
durst not Inrrie. A wmnan that they tooke there luini; examined, said, that that towni'
lielonjjcd to a Cacique named Huascne, subicct to (iuijj;alta, and that Qnij^uiia tarried for
them beh)w in the liinor with many men. Cerfainc horsemen went thitiicr, and fom,,!
some house*, wherein was niuil* Mai/. Immediately more of them went thither and tarried
there one dav, in which they did beatc out, and tooi^e as much Mai/ as they needed
While they were there, many Indians came Irom the nether part of the Kiucr, and oi, ,|,j'.
ether side rij;!it against lliem somewhat carele.-sely set ihemselues in order to (i^rl,t ji^^
(ioiicrnoin- sent in two canoes the crossebownicn that he had, and as many more as rniild
•;oe in them. Thc\ ran away, and seeinj; the Spaniards could not ouertalvc them, i|,(,^,
rclnrncii hacke, and tooke coura,!;e ; and conuninj; neerer, niakinj? an outcr-o, they ihrcatiieil
jjicm : and assoone as ihcy departed thence, they went alter ihcm, some in canoes, and sunn;
bv land aloii^ the Hincr; and getting before, commini; to a towne that stood by the Himr,
«.i(!e, they ioyncd al lo;;elher, n'.aking a shew that they would larrie there. luierie hri^an
iliiie lowcil a canoe fastened to their -lernes for their particular seruicc. I'rcseniK there
cntreil men into cnerlc one of them, which made the Indians to Hie, and burned the tinviu-
I'hc s.inie day they presently l.inded in a great field, where the Indians durst not larrie
'1 he next dav there were gathered together an hundred canoes, among which were sdm .
that carried W. and 10. m<n, and the |)rincipall mens canoes had their tilts, anil pluiiUN ,1
white a.ul rc>l feathers for their enxignes: and they came within two crossebow shot of tic
brigandiiies, and sent three Indians in a small canoe with a lained message to view t!
jnanner of llic brigandincs, and what weapons they li.id. y\nd comiuing to the side (,f tl\.
Ciiiiernoiirs Ijrigaiuline, one of the Indians entred, and said:

That tlie Caciiine of (Jni^alla his Lord, xent him his commendations, nnd did let Ji],,,
Miderslnnd, that ;:ll lliat the Indians of (iuachoya had told him conierning liinwelfe, was fa].(.
nnd that they had iiiiei.scd him, because they were his enemies ; that he was his >eri:.iiii
u\u\ shoulil liiid him so.

ihe (iouernour answered him, lliat he beleeued all that he said was true, and willed li n
to tell him, that he e..ieemed his friendship verv miiih. With this answer ihev relnriied ■
the place where the rest in their canocx were waiting fi>r them, and from ihence all of then
fell downe, and came neere the .S|)aniartls, shouting aloud, and threatning (d" ihein. Tin.
(jouernour sent lohn de (>u/.man, which had been a Captaine of footenien in Florida, >Mti,
ir>. armed men in canoes to nuike them giiie wav. Assoone as the Indians saw them omv
towards them, they diuided ihemselues into two parts, ami sIoihI still till the .Spaniards e,iinc
iiie tliem, aiul wheii they were come neere them, they ioyned together on both sides, Lnkin.'
Inhn de (iu/man in the middest, aiul them that i ame lir«t with him, and vith great fuHc-
borded them : And as their »an<('s were bigger, ;ind many of them leaped into the wjUt
to stav them, and to lav hold on the canoes of the .Spaniards, and ouerwiwime iliem • mi
presently they oiierwhelined them. The (hristi.ms fell into the water, and with the \»ti In
nf their armour siinke downe to the bottome ; and some few, that bv swimming or hoKlin
by the canoe coiiM haiie saued themsclues, with oares and slaues, which ihev had, thev
strofike them on the head and ma.le thcin sinke. When they u\' the biij^andines saw il ■
ouerlhrow, though they went about to succour them, yet through the current (d' the Itim
they Could not goe backe. I'onre Sj)aniards lied to the brigandine that w.is iieere-t to the
canoes; and oiilv these escaped of those that <ame among the Indians. Thev were «'ltii(n
that died there: among whom lohn de (in/man was one, anil a sonne of Don Carlos, i.dled
lohn de Wirgas ; the rest also were persons of accout and men id" great courage. Tlii'S(
tliat escaped by swimming, said, that they saw the Indians enter the canoe of lohn de
(;n/m?n at the sierne of one tf their jances, and whether they i.irried him away dead .r
aliuc they could not certainly tell.

Chap.

li.AlJ. .IruMilrJ.
■|llf d..thof
l..hT ij. Oai-

' ' ' 'I

dincoturk of Florida,

next adioynhig to Virginia, TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIIiS.

Chap, xxxviir.

Which (Icclareth how they were pursued by the Indians.

TIIc Iiidinno, sccinj.' thnt they had gotten the victorie, tookc .such courage, that they
assaulted ihcm in the hrigandincs, which they <hirst not doc before. They came first to that
l)rigandinc wiunin Caldcron went lor C'aptainc, and was in the rereward : and at the
lir«t voiie of airowe^ ihcy wounded 5^3. men. There were only fourc armed men in thi^
brij^andinc : these did stand at the brigandincs side to defend it. Those that were vnarmed,
seeing how they hurt ihem, left their oares and went vnder the deck : whereupon the
brigandine began to crosse, and to goe where the current of the streainc carried it. One
of the armed men seeing this, without the commandement of the Captaine, made a footman
to lake an oare artd siiire the brigandine, hec standing before him and defending him with
his target. The Indians came no neercr then a bowNhot, from whence they olFcnded and
were not offended, recciuing no hurt : for in cuery brigandine was but one crossebow, and
those which wcc had were very much out of order. So that the Christians did nothing else
but stanil for a biittc to roceiue their arrowes. Hailing left this brigandine they went to
another, and fought with it halfe an houre ; and so from one to another they fought with
tliem all. The Christians had mattes to lay vnder them, which were double, and so close
and strong, that no arrow went thorow them. And assnone as the Indians gaue them leisure,
they fcnsed the brigandines with them. And the Indians seeing that they could not shootc
leucll, siiot their arrowes at randon vp into the aire, which fell into the brigandines, and
hurt sonic of the men: and not therewith contented, they sought to get to thcn» which were
in the canoes with the horses. Those of the brigandines enuironed them to defend them,
and tf)oke them among thcni. Thus seeing themsclues much vevcd by them, and so wearied
th.it they could no longer i-ndure it, they determined to traueil all the night following,
thinking to get beyond the countrie of Qtiigalta, and that thev would leaue them: but when
they thought Ic.ist of it, supposing they had now left them, they heard very noere them so
great outcries, that they made them deafe, and so they followed vs all that night, and the
next day till noonc, liy which time we were come into the countrie of others, whom thcv
desired to vse \s al'ier the same manner; and so they did. The men of (iuigalta returned
home ; and the other in (iftie canoes fought with vs a whole day and a night : and they entred
one of the brigandines, that came in the rereward by the canoe which she h.id at her sterne,
and tooke away a woman whic h they found in it, and afterward hurt some of the men of the
brigandines. Those which came with the horses in the canoes, being wcaric with rowing
night and day. lingered behind ; and |)resently the Indians came vpon them, and thev of
the hrigandines tarricil lor then». fhe (iouernour rcsolucd to goe on shore and to kill the
horses, because of the -low wav which thev made because of them, .\ssoone as i!ics >nw
a pl.ue conuenicnt for it, they went thither and killed the horses, and brought the flesh (d'
lliem to drie it aboord. Foure or line of them remained on shore aliue : the Indians went
vnto them, after the Spaniards were ctnbarked. The horses were not accpiainted uith fliem,
and began to neigii, and runne vp and downe, in such sort, that the Indians, for fearc of
ihem, leaped into the water; rnd getting into their canoes went after the brigandines,
shooting cruelly at them. They followed vs that euening and the night fulhming till the
next day at tenne of the clocke, and then returned \p the Hiner. rrcsenilv In m a small
Kiwnethat stood vpon the Hiiier came siiicn canoes, and followed vs a liiile way di>\wie the
liiuer, shooting at vs : but string they were so few that thev could doe vs but little harme,
ilicy returned to their tiwne. From thence forward, vniill thev came to the .Sea, thev h.id
no encounter. They sailed downe the Hiucr seuenteene daies : which may be two hundred
.md lilty leagues inurney, little more or lesse : and neere vnto the Sea the lliucr is diuided
into two iirincs; each of then is a league and an hallc broad.

If. V«"i»rJ'*

wuuiidei).

The great v« of
Urge tar|ets.

Strong matt a
gdiiil (itt'ciu'c:

Another Pio-
uiiicr.

Dried hiTvrif.h
for \'oi«iu

A :m.il t( M [■'•.

Thfv -.wWd I -,
il:*ics *lo\vnc thi'
R;i;cr, which •*

? n

':\i

Chap.

Wrffl

(" ■ i

,.:. i\

t I'

flli.,|l i

I 1

ill

; V / i I ■ ^

T ! :

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') f I ^

'('

1 ;';SL.*^;ni!' i .

VOYAOES, NAUIOATIONS,

5fVi* dUeouerlt (^ Florlih,

Chap. XXXIX.

How they rame vnto thr wa : and what happened vnto them in all thrlr voingt*.

HAIfc a league before tlicy came to the nea, they came to anker to re-t themnelurw jhrrc
about a day : lor tliey were very weary with rowing mid out of heart. For by the Rpani. „(
many daiea they had ciitcn nothing but parched and mxlden Maiz ; which they ha,| by
allowance euery day an hcadpccte lul by tttrikc lor cucry three me. While they rode there
at anker seucn canocs* of Iniliann came to net vpo thiwte, which they brought with them.
The Gouernour conmiandcd armed men t(» go aboord them, and to driue them farther ofl
They came also against tlicm by laud through a thick wood, and a moorinh ground, and had
stauea with very sharp forkeil heads made of the bone* of fishes, and fought verie valiantly
with vs, which went out to encounter them. And the other that came in canoes with thciV
arrowcs staled for them that came again«t them, and at their comming both those that were
on land, and those in the canoes woimde<l some of v*: And seeing vs come necre them
they turned their backs, and like swift horses among footemen gat away from vs ; makin,,
some rcturnes, and reuniting themselues together, going not past a bow shot od': for ji, ,^,
retiring they shot, without receiuing any hurt of the Christians. For though they had some
bowes, yet they could not vse them ; and brake their armes with rowing to ouertake them
And the Indians easily in their compasse went with their canoes, slaying and wheclin,^
about as it had been in a skirmish, perceiuing that those that came against them could mn
nllend them. And the more they stroue to come necre them, the more hurt (hey rccciurd
Assoone as they had driuen them farther oflT, they returned to the brigandines. they gt.icj
two daics there : And departed from thence vnto the place, where the arme of the Ui,n,f
entrelh into the sea. They sounded in the Hiuer neere vnto the Sea, and foinid 40. faihiiin,
water. They staled there. And the (louernour commanded al and singular person* |,
spcakc their minds touching their voiage, whether it were best to crosse oner to Nuenj
Kspnnna, committing ihesehies to the hie sea, or whether they should keepc aloni; ih^
coast. There were sundry opinions touching this matter: wherein lohn Danusco, wiif],
presumed much, and tooke much \pon him in the knowledge of naiiigation, and matters i,|
the sea, although hee had but little experience, mooued the Gouernour with his talkc: and
his opinion was (seconded by sonic others. And they affirmed, that it was much better lu
passe by the hie sea, and cross* the gulfe, which was three of foure parts the lewer trauill
because in going along ^ coast, they went a great way about, by reason of the compa.<<.|
which the land did make. lohn Danusco said, that he had scene the seacard, and that rmni
the place where they were, the coast ran East and West vnto Mio de las Paltnas ; and from
Kio de las Palmas to Nueua Espanna from North to South : and therefore in sailing alwairs m
sight of land would bee a great compassing about and spending of much time ; & th],
they would be in great danger to be oucrtaken with winter before they should get tn thr
land of the Christians: and that in 10. or 12. daies space, hailing good weather, ihrv
might bee there in crossing ouer. The most part were against this opinion, and said, th.it
it was more safe to go along the coast, though they staled the longer: because their »liir,.
were very weake and without decks, ao that a very little storme was enough to r.ist tlicm
away : and if they should be himlred with calmes, or contrarie weather, thrtnigh the msW
store of vessels which they had to carrie water in, they should likewise fall into nrr.,t
danger: and that although the ships were such ati they might venture in them, yet hauip'
neither Pilot nor Seacard to guide themselues, it was no good couiisell to crosse the (riilfe.
This opinion was cuntirmed by the greatest part : and they agreed to go along the (na«t
At the lime wherein they sought to depart from thence, the cable of the ankrr of the (m .
uernours brigandine brake, and the anker remained in the Hiuer. And albeit, thev were
neere the shore, yet it was so deepe, ihat the Diners diuing many times could nciier (ind
it : which caused great sadncs in the (ioucrnour, and in all those that went with him in h;«
brigandine: But with a grindstone which they had, and certaine bridleti which remained i.

soir.f

dUeouerU t\f Flor((h,

uext ndlmjnitifi f<> VlrfiMa. THAFFtaUES, AND DISCOUEHIF-S,

some of the Gentlemen, ami men of wnnhip which had howes, they made n wti^hf whlrh
denied in stead of an anker. The 18. of luly, they went loortb to «ea with I'aiiv and
nrosperouH weather for their voia^e. And «ceing that they were jjdnc two dr three
IcaKiien from the shore, the Captained of the other brigandincrt ouerlooke them, and inked
the Oouernour, wherefore he did put off Irom the shore : and that if he woukl lean.- \\n-
roa!4t, he nhnuld My so ; and he should not do it without the consent of all : and that if lice
did otherwise, they would not follow him, but that euery one wouKl doe what scemrd best
vnto himsclfe. The CJoucrnour answered, that hee would doc nothing; witlmiit their coiiii-
scll, but that hee did bearc off from the land to saile the better and safer by night ; and
that the next day when time serued, he would rcturne to the sij;ht of land a^ainc. Thev
sailed with a reasonable jjood wind that day and the nijjht following, and the ne\t day till
etienin^j song, alwaies in fresh water: whereat they wnndred much: for they were very
farre from land. Hut the force of the current of the Uiuer is so great, and the coast there
is mi shallow and gentle, that the fresh water entreth farre into the Sea. That eucning on
their right hand they saw ccrtaine creekes, whither they went, and rested there that night :
where lohn Dunusco with his reasons wonnc them at last, that all consented and .igrced to
commit themsehies to the niaine Sea, alleaging, as he had done before, that it was a great
aduanlage, and that their voyage would be much shorter. They sailed two tiaies, and when
they would hauc come to sight of land they could not, for the wiiulc blew from the shore.
On the fourth day, seeing their fresh water began to faile, fearing necessitie and danger,
they all complained of bilin Danusco, and of the Ciouernour that followed his rounscll; and
euery one ol the ("aptaines said, that they would no more goe from the shore, though the
(ioiiernour went whither he would. It pleased (Jod that tlie winde changed thougli but a
little: and at the end of fmire dales after they hiid put to sea, being alrcadie dcstitiile of
water, by force of rowing they got within si^ht of land, and with great trouble recouered
it, in an open roade. That eiiening the winde came to the South, which on (hat coast is a
crosse winde, and draue the brigandines against the shore, because it blew \ery hard, ami
the anchors were so weake, that they yeclded and began to bend. The (iouernour com-
manded all men to leape into the water, and going lietween them and the shore, and thrust-
ing the brigandines into ihe Sea assoonc as the wane was past, iluy saucd ihcni till the
winde ceased.

Chap. XI,.
How they lost one another by a slorme, and afterward came together in a creeke.

IN the bay where they rode, after the tempest was past, they went on ^.horc, and \\iili
mattockes, whi< h they had, tliey <ligged ccrtaine pits, which grew full nf fresh water,
where they tilled all the task which they had. The next day they departed thence, :in(l
sailed two dales, and en I re I into a creeke like vnto a poolc, fenced from the South winde,
which then did blow, and \;as against them : and there they staled fonre dales, not beiii"
abb- t() get out : and when the Sea was calme tlu-y rowed out ; they -mailed that dav, and
toward euening the winde grew so strong that it draiie them on the shore, and thev were
sorie that they h.id |iut fourth from the former harbour: for assoonc as nighi ripproclu'd a
storme bej^an lo rise ni the Sea, and the wiiuie siill waxed more .mil more violent with :•
tvMn|)est. The brigandines lost one another: two of them, which b.ire more into the .Sea,
entred into .in arme of (li(> Sea, which pearced into the land two leagues beyond the i)laie
where the oihei wire that ninht. The tine which staled beliinde, being alwaies a Kague,
and halfe a league tlip one from the other, met together, without any knowledge the one of
the other, in a wilile roade, where the wintle anil the wanes drone them on shore: for their
anchors did streighlen and came home; and thev could not rule tlieir oircs, putting scucn
or einhi men to euery oare, which rowed to si;iward : and all the resi leipiil into flu- water
and wlien the wane wx* past that draue ihe brigandine on sh'>re, tliev thrusi it ;n,':iine inro
Sea with all the diligence and might thai ihey had. Others, while another wane was in

VOL. V. \ A coinininir,

:)4h

Tliry lin.K,| ih>
t ]. (il M'lv,
HH, Chi|i. 7.
tliry WtfUt ),>(irtll
In ir,l Inly iH,

mn%t l^vit (liift
inline ill ilu'

Sr.1.

riw ri'«t

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tVriiiiif crerktt

where tlicy

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ill tilt' ijiidi tin
ihc wj title.

At) ariTif

SCI.

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aJ.-,

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A •w.irnir of
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b.n.

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M,'.fut rhr (i.iltr
.f M. li.n >|
t( lit l<)t* Und,
Hue in thil
one ['Lcf.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Tlic dlscoueric of Florida

comming, with bcmlcs laucd out the water that came in ouerboord. While they were in
this tempest in fjrcat fearc of being east away in that place, from midnight forward thev
endured an intolier.ible tormt-t of an infinite swarme of Moskitoes which fell vpon them
which assoone as they had stung the flesh, it so infected it, as though tiiey had bin venom'
oils. In the morniny; the Sea was asswaged and the wind slaked, but not the Muskitoes: for
y sailes which were white seemed blue ke with them in the morning. Those which rowed
vnksse others kept them away, were not able to r.'W. Hauing passed tlic feare & danger
of the storme, beholding the deformities of their faces, and the blowcs which they jraue
thcm-iclucs to driue them away, one of them laughed at another. They met all together in
the creek where the two brigandines were, which outwent their fellowes. There was found
a skummc, which they call Cupec, which the Sea casteth vp, and it is like pitch, where-
with in some pi. ICC, where pilch is wanting, they pitch their ships: there they pitched
their brigandines. They rested two dales, and then eftsooncs proceeded on their voyai'e.
They sailed two dales more, and landed in a Bay or arme of the Sea. where they staled two
dales. The same day that they went from thence si\c men went vp in a canoe toward the
hcail of it, and could not see the end of it. They put out from thence with a South windc
which was against them : but because it was little, and for the great desire they had to
shorfm tiicir voyage, they put out to sea by force of oarcs, and for all that made very little
wav with great l.ibour in two dales, and went vndcr the lee of a small Island into an arme
of the Sea, whicii compassed it about. While they were there, there fell out such weather
that they j;aue G<h1 many thankcs, that they had found out su<h an harbour. There was
ureal store of fish in that place, which they tooko with nets, which they had, and hookcs.
Ileerc a man cast an hookc and a line into the Sea, and tied the end of it to his arme, and
a (ish caught it, and drew him into the water vnio the neckc : an<l it pleased God that hce
reinembred himselfe of a knife that he had, and cut the line with it. There they
ai)odc fourieene d <: and at the end of them it pleased God to send them f.iiri;
wc.ithcr, for whic: /ith great deuotion they appointed a jiroccssion, and went in pro-
cession along the Sifand, beseeching God to bring them to a land, where they might scrue
him in better sort.

Chap. XI.l.

How they came to the Riiicr of Panuco in Nueiia Espanna.

'N all the coast wliercsoeuer they digged they found fresh water: there they filled their
se»v.ls; and the proce>sion being ended, embarked them>eliies, and going alwaies in sit>li(
of the shi re llicv sailed sixe dales. Ii.hii Danusco said thai it would doe well to be.in- out
to seaward: for he had scene tlic Seacard, and reinembred that from Uio dc las Palmas fur-
w:ird the coa«l liid runiie from Nortii to South, and thitherto thev had ruiinc from Ka>i to
\\'e-t, and in his opjiion, by his reckoning, Hio de las I'almas could not be farre oil", from
^vhere they were. That same night they put to sea, and in the morning they saw P.ilme
...Mies doling, and tlie coa-.i, which ranne North and South; from midday forward ihev saw
g;eat Nfonniaines, whi( h vntill then ihev had not scene: f r from this jjlace to I'lierlo dc
Spiritu SaMt(:, where they (irsi landed in Florida, was a very plainc and low counirey ; and
thcrfore it cannot be de-cried, vnles-e a man come very necrc it. Bv that which thev ^aw,
they thought lliai they had ouershot Hio de Palmas that niijht, which is 6^). Icagms fruin
the Hiuer of I'aniico, which is in Niieiia t-<p.inna. They assembled all l<igclh«T, and some
saiil it was w t good to saile by night, lest ihey should ouershoot the Kiiier of I'anuco; and
ftthcrs -aid, it w is not well to lose lime while it was fauourabic, :ind that it could not he so
!„.v .ili..ul(l passe it that night : aoil ihey agreed to lake away halfe tiie sailes, and
Two of the lirig.iiidines, wliich sailed that night with all their sailes, by
breake of d.iy had onershoi the Hiuer of Panuco without seeing it. Of the line ihal came
behind, the (irsl that < ane vnIo it was ih.it wherein Calderan wa'^ C'aplaine. A (juarler of a
league before they came ul il, and before they did see it, they saw the water muddie,

am!

neere ihal tiicy siu
so saile all ni.;ht

i t.

•If i

•1

Iscouerie of Florida,

•cdcd on their vopirc.

next adioi/Hing lo Virginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. ,A'>

and knew it to be fresh water: and comming right against the Riuer, they saw, where it

entred into the Sea, that the water brake vpon a shold. And because there was no man

there that knew it, they were in doubt whether they should goe in, or goe ahmg, and they

resolued to goe in : and before they came vnto the current, they went close to the shore,

and entred into the jiort: and assoone as they were come in, they saw Indian men and

women apparelled like Spaniards: whom they asked in what countrey thty were? They

answered in Spanish, that it was the Riuer of Panuco, and that the towne of the Christians 1}^^^^""^^

was 15. leagues vp within the land. The ioy that all of them receiued vpon these newcs tim,,.!?.

cannot suflicienlly be expressed: for it seemed vnto them, that at that instant they were ';;5;;;\';™ ''''

borne again. And many went on shore and kissed the ground, and kneeling on their Kiucr.

knees, with lifting vp their hands and eyes to heauen, they all ceased not to glue God

thankes. Those which came after, assoone as they saw Calderan come to an anchor with

'lis brigandine in the Riuer, presently went thither, and came into the hauen. The other

two brigandines which had ouershot the place, put to sea to returnc backe to seeke the rest,

and could not doe it, because the windc was contrarie and the Sea growne: they were

afraid of being cast away, and recouering the shore they cast anchor. While they rode

there a storme arose : and seeing that they could not abide there, much lesse endure at Sea,

thev resolued to runne on shore ; and as the brigandines were but .mall, so did they draw

but little water; and where they were it was a sandie coast. By which occasion the force

of their sailes draue them on shore, without any hurt of them that were in them. As those

that were in the j)ort of Panuco at this time were in great ioy ; so these felt a double griefe

in their hearts : for they knew not what was become of their fellowes, nor in what countrey

they wore, and feared it was a countrey of Indian enemies. They landed two leagues

below the port : and when they saw themselues out of the danger of the Sea, euery one

looke of that which he had, as much as he could carrie on his backe; and they trauelled vp

into the countrey, and found Indians, which told them where their fellowes were; and gauc

them good entertaincment : wherewith iheir sadncs was turned into ioy, and they thanked

God most humbly for their deliuerance out of so many dangers.

Chap. XLII.

How ihey came to Panuco, and how they were receiued of the inhabitants.

I'Uom the lime that thev put out of Rio CJrande to the sea, at their departure from Florida,
\ntil they arriued in the Riuer of Panuco, were f>'i. daies. They came into the Riuer of T'"71 '"""'' "

■' , . . ' lilt Rllur >t

Panuco the 10. of Septcnibi-r, I.'j4;{. They went vp the Riuer with their brigandines. 'flicy i'j^uku, ijjj
Inuelled ioure daics ; and because the wind was but liltk', and many times it serued them ■'"'i'"''"' ' '
not, because of tlie manv turnings which the Riuer maketli, and the great ciirrt-nf, drawing
them vp by towing, and that in nianv places; for this cause they made very little way, and
with great labour : and seeing the execution of their desire lo be deferred, which was to come
among Cliristians, and to see the celebration of diuine seriiice, which so long time tliey had
not scene ; they left the brigandines with the mariners, and went by laud to Panuco. All of
litem \sere apparrelled in Dceres skins tanned and died blacke, to wit, cotes, hose, and shot.es.
When thev came to Panuco, preseiitlv they went to the Church to prav and giue (iod
thankes, th.it so miraculousciv had >aued them. The tow nesnien which before were aduer-
lised i)y the Indians, and knew of their airiual, caried some of them to their houses, and en-
terl.iined them, whom tliey knew, and had ac(|uainlaiice of, or because thev were their
Couiiirimen. The Aliade Mavor tooke the (ioucrnour home to his iuuise : and toinmaiule<l
al the rest, assMi.u- a^ they lame, to lie lodged (J. & (i. and 10. & l<V according to the habi-
lilie of eueiy townesman. .\iid all of them were prouiO.'d for bv their hostcs of manv hennes
and lire.id of Maiz, and IVuitcs of the Countrie, which are such as be in the Isle of ('iih.i,
wiiereof before 1 haue spi kiii. flu- lowrie of I'anuio mav containe aboue 70 families; ihr rheiincrii'tiin
nii'si of their hou>es are ol liine and >ionc, and some ntade nf timber, and all of them are
ih.ilchtd. It is a poore Countrie, and there is neither gold nor siluer in ii ; The inhabitants

+ A 'i liue

:i48

J Bi. Christians
arriued at
Panucu.

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. The discomrie of Florida,

line there in great abundance of victuals and seruants. The richest haue not aboue 500
crownes rent a yeerc, and that is in cotten clothes, hennes, and Maiz, which the Indians
their. seruants doe giue them for tribute. There arriued there of those that came out of Flori-
da, three hundred and eleuen Christians. Presently the Alcaide Mayor sent one of the
townsmen in post to aduertise the Viceroy, Don Antonio de Meiidof a, which was resident in
Mexico, that of ^ people that went with Don Ferdinando de Soto to discouer and conquer
Florida, three hundred and eleuen men were arriued there, that seeing they were impjojej
in his Afaicsties seruice, he would take some order to prouide for them. Whereat the Vjcp.
roy, and all the inhabitants of Mexico wondred. For they thought they were miscarried
because they had trauelled so farre within the maine land of Florida, and had no ncwcs of
them for so long a time : and it seemed a wonderfull thing vnto them, how they could sane
themsehies so long among Infidels, without any fort, wherein they might fortifie thcmselncs
and without any other succour at all. Presently the Viceroy sent a warrant, wherein hce
commruied, that whithersocuer they sent, they should giue them victuals, and as many
Indians for their cariages as they needed : and where they would not furnish them, tlicy
miglit takv tiiose tilings that were neccssarie perforce without incurring anv danger of law
This warrant was so readilie obeyed, that by the way before they came to the towncs, jhcv
ramc to rcceiue them with hennes, and victuals.

I .

''0

\\W

/! i; I

Thi* !» iSf man-
nrrof (huii, to
mnic men m
t.*>4 rn.

rhap. XFJII.

Of the fauour which they found at tlic hands of tlie Viceroy, and of the iniuibitants

of the Citie of Mexico.

riiom Panuco to the great Cific Tcniislitan Mexico is (iO. lo.igues ; and other fiO. from
I'anuco to the Pdrt de Vera Cruz, where liioy take shipping for Spaine, and those that come
t'nini Spaine do land to go for Nueua Espanna. These three towncs stand in a triangle: to
wit, Vera Cruz, to the Soutli, Panuco to the North, and Mexico to the West, (50. leagues
;Nnnilcr. Tiic Cmintric is so inhabitc<l with Indians, tiiat from towne to lowne, ijiose
which arc farilu-st, arc but a Icnu'iic. and lialic a league a<uniUT. Some of tlioin
that came from I'loriii:!, sfaied a nionctli in Panuco lo rest themselucs, others fiftccnc
(laics, and eucry one as long as he listed: I'or there was none that showed a sowrr
Cduntfiiance to hi» guests, but ratlior gauc them any tiling tliat tlirv had, and secmcil to be
uriciicd when thev took their ieaiic. Which was to lie bcleeucd. For the victuals, which
tlie Indians d'le pay them for tribute, are more llian thev cm spend : and in tliat towiie is no
conmicrce ; and tlicre .Iwelt bu' lew Spaniards tliirc, and they were ^laii of their ccmtiaiiic,
'I'he Alcalde Mayor diuided all the F.mperours (luthcs which he had ( vvhich there thev pny
him for his tribute^, among those that wimld come to rcceiue lliem. Those which h.id shirK
ofmaile left, were j;Iad men : for thev had a horse for one shirt of maile: Some horsed ihcin-
sclurs; aiid such as could not (which were the trreatc-t i)ari ) tixike their i( i:rnie on (note: ii,
which thc\ were well rc(eiucd <il (he Indians that were in i!ir towiic-, and lulter serucil, liu'n
thev coulii haue been in ilieirnwne lion-cs, ihon<;h the. Ii:ul been well to line. For if thev
a-ked one hen ol'an Indi.in, tlicv brouuht tiiciii tciirc : ;i;id if t!ic\ a-kcd anv of the Conniric
fruit, ihnugh it were a league olIJ they ran jircsently for if. .\m\ if any Christian found hin,-
-cICc < liill at ease, thev carried him in a ch:iire from one lowne to another. In whafsoouer
t'lwne th<-v came, the Cacique, by ;in Indian wlii( b carried ;i red of lu-tice in his hand, uImiu
fliev (all Ta|)ile, that is to sa\ . a soriicant, commaidcd thrni to pri uide victuals for them
and Indians to bcarc burdens of such tilings , is tli«-v lad, and sudi :n were iicciirull to rarrie
rticm that were sicke. The \'icerov sent a Porlu^all 'ii.) leajjues from Mexico, with !;rc;it
»tore of si;i;3r. r.iisons ol'thc Snnne, and ciin«.Tues, and other things (it for sickc foikes, lor
siuh a^ had needeof them ■ and iiad giuen order to cloth tliem all ,il the I'.mperours cliar^cs.
.\\'A iheir approch being knowne bv the citizens of Mexico, thev \\ru\ out of the towne to
recciiie them : and with ijreat conrtcsic, rupu'^iinj.' them in l.iU'iir In come lo their hoii'.c-
euerv one tarried such as hee mit home with him, ,iiid tloihcil them ( uer\ one the be-i ih v

Cl'lllli

I. .i i

scouerie of Florida,

laue not aboue 500.
which the Indians
at came out of Flori-
or sent one of the
^hich was resident in
iscouer and conquer

they were impiojed
Whereat the Vicc-
hey were miscarried,
nd had no ncwes of
how they could saiic
ht fdrtific thcmseUies,
warrant, wherein hcc
cfuals, and as many
furnish them, tiny
^g any danger of law.

to the towncs, they

uf the inhabitants

s ; and otiicr fiO. from
e, and those tiiat ((iinc
stand in a triangle : to

the West, <)0. liaj;iics
Dwnc to towne, those
luler. Seme of thnn
Uclucs, others liflcrnc

that showed a sower
h.id, ami seoincd to be
I'or the virtii;i!<, whii h
and ill that lowno is no
;hnl of their ccinpnnie.
(^ which there tiiey pay

rhii>io which had shiris
ilc ; Some horsed ihem-
u'ir ii irnic on indie : in
, :nui I'lltcr <eriieil, li.eii
ell to Hue. For if ihev
kcd ariv of the ('oimtnc
inv Christian found hiin-
ni'lhcr. Ill whafsdciifr
isii(c in liis \y,W(\, uh .in
Hiile victuals lur ilum,
. were ncedfull t'> (irrie
rom Mexico, with great
s (it I'i'r *i( kc folkcs, lor

the I'.niperours cliarge-i.

cut ont of the lowiu' ti>

to coine |o their house-,

I < ucr\ one tiie be^t ih-v

ceiiM ,

next adioyning to Virginia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 549

could: so that he which h?.', the meanest apparrell, it cost aboue 30. ducats. As many as
were willing to come to the Viceroyes house he commanded to be apparelled, and such as were
persons of qualitie sate at his table : and there was a table in his house for as many of the
meaner sort as would come to it : and he was presently informed who euery one was, to shew
him the courtesie that he deserued. Some of the Coquerors did set both gentlemen and
clownes at their owne table, and many times made the seniant sit cheeke by cheeke by his
master : and chiefly the officers and men of base condition did so : for those which had better
education did enquire who euery one was, and made difference of persons: but all did what
they could with a good will : and euery one told them whom they had in their houses, that
they should not trouble thcmselues, nor thinke themselues the worse, to take that which they
gauc them: for they had bin in the like case, and had bin relieued of others, and that this
was the customc of that countrey. God reward them all : and God grant, that those which it
pleased him to deliuer out of Florida, and to bring againe into Christendome, may serue him :
and vnto those that died in that countrey, and vnto all that beleeue in him and confesse his
holy faith, God for his mercie sake grant the kingdome of heauen. Amen.

Chap. XLIV.

Which declareth some diucrsitie.s and particularities of the land of Florida: and the
fruitfs, and beasts, and I'owles that arc in that Countrie.

FRom the Port do Spiritu Santo, where they landed when they entred into Florida, to the s°" fis fn*"'!''"'
Proiiince ofOciite, which may bee 4(X). leagues, little more or lesse, is a verie plaine Countrie, iieenrsionihc
and hath many lakes and thicke woods, and in some j)laccs they arc of wild pinetrecs ; and "'fVa'."*" "^
is a weake soilc: There is in it neither Mountaine nor hill. The Countrie of Ociite is more
fat and fruitful! ; it hath thinner woods, and very goodly medows vpon the Riuers. Fro Ocntcocute.
to Cutifachi(|ui may be l.iO. leagues: 80. leagues thereof are desert, and haue many grouescutifadi.i*^
of wild Pine trees. Through the wildernesse great Riuers doc passe. From Cutifachiqui to
Xuala, may be 'iiiO. leagues; it is al an hilly Coinitrie. Cutifachiqui and Xuala stand both in Xu^b.
j)Iainc ground, hie, and hauc goodly meilows on the Riuers. From thence forward to Ciiiaha, ehiahi, Co?.i,
C(u;a, and Talise, i^ plaine ground, dry and fat, and vcrv picntifull of Afaiz. From Xuala ""''■''""'•
to Tasealuca may be 2M. leagues. From Tascahuja to Rio Grande, or \' Cireat Riuer, may be Tj^'I^sj-
■'{tX). leauues : the Countrie is low, and full of lakes. From Rio (irande forward, the Countrie ^'^ Graniif.
is hier and more champion, and Ix'st pcopleil of all the land of Florida. And along this
RiutT from A(|Uixo to I'acaha, and Coligoa, are I. JO. leagues : the Countrie is plaine, and -Wuno.
the woods ihinnc, .ind in sonu- places chamj)ion, \erv fruitfull and plea-ant From ('(iliyoa to L'uiigoi.
.'\utiani(jue are 'ihi) leagues of hillie Countrie. From .\utianique to .\guac may be 'i.'JO. .Suiumqut.
leagues ol plaine grounil. From .\4uacay to the Kiiier of Dayeao I "iO. leagues, all hillie .\s"-i").
Countrie.

From the Port de Spiritu Santo vnto .Apalache, thev trauelled from I ,ist to West, and North- P.igi'u'J
west. IVoin Cutif.ielii(|ui to Xuala from South to North. From Xuala to Coi;,i from l"ast to
West I'roin ('oi;a to Taseihnja, and to Rio Grande, as far as the Prouim cs of (iui/.qui/. .ind
.\qui.\o from I^a-t to West. Froni Aqui.xo to Pacaha to the North. IVoin Pacalia to Tulla
from ICast to West : and from Tulla to .Xutiamcpie from North to South, to the Prouince of
(iuachova and Dayeao.

I'hc bread wliieh they cale in all the laml of Florida 1- of Mai/, which is liki course millet. ^■"'^
\iu\ liiis .M.ii/, IS common in all the Islaiulcs and West Indies from tlu' Antiles forward.
I'here are aUii in Florid.i ;;reai store of Walnuts and Pliunine.s, Mulberries, and Grapis. p|'|""|'; .^j ,
Tliev sow and gather their Mai/, eiierv oue their seuerall crop. flu Iruiis are coinnion t(j bfmo, i.i i,ti.
all: for they grow .ibroiul in the open fields in great abundance, witiiout any i cede el' pl;;it-
ing or dressing. Where tht re be .Moimtaines, there be chestnuts: thev .ire s(Jinewh.,t *"'""""''
-mailer then the chestnuts of Spaine. Fru Rio Grande Westward, the Walnuts difler (roni ''^'" "'•''"■'"

,1 I' . I <- .1 fV I i-i « ... . . K ist«.iij from

liio-e that grow more l.a-tw;irtl : lor thev are so;t. and like vnto .Aidrnes: And those \%liu h Ri>ii.ir..i.jf.
erow IVom Rio Grande to Puerto del Spiritu '^anto for the most part arc hard ; and the trees I,V"' ^^','".""

'^ ' ' , . - V *, w c>twji,i from

and **'" liMuJo

"mm

' ij :''i • '•'■'1 m

f:i1-f:<

n.t ill"'

f .1

kindes.

Beasts.

FowUi.

650 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, &c. The discouerie of Florida, ^c.

and Walnuts in shew like those of Spaine. There is a fruit through all the Countrie which

groweth on a plant like Ligoacan, which the Indians doe plant. The fruit is like vnto Peares

APeareriaii, Riall : it hath a vcric good smcli, and an excellent taste. There groweth another plant in the

strawbtrtiei. opcH field, which bcareth a fruit like vnto strawberries, close to the ground, which hath a

piummei of two vcrie good taste. The Plummes are of two kindes, red and gray, of the making and big-

nesse of nuts, and haue three or foure stones in them. These are better then all the plummes

of Spaine, & they make farre better Prunes of them. In the Grapes thete is onelie want of

dressing : for though they bee big, they haue a great Kirnell. AH other fruits are very

perfect, and lesse hurtfull then those of Spaine.

There are in Florida many Beares, and Lyons, Wolues, Deere, Dogges, Cattes, Martern
and Conies.

There be many wild Hcnnes as big as Turkies, Partridges small like those of Africa
Cranes, Duckes, Pigeons, Thrushes and Sparrowes. There are certaine Blacke birds bigger
then Sparrowes, and lesser then Stares. There are Gosse Hawkes, Falcons, lerfalcons, and
all Fowles of prey that are in Spaine.

The Indians are well proportioned. Those of the plaine Countries are taller of bodie, &
better shapen, then those of the Mountaines. Those of the Inland haue greater store of
Maiz, and commodities of the Countrie, then those that dwell upon the sea coast. The
Countrie along the sea coast is barren and poore: and the people more warlike. The coast
runneth from Puerto del Spiritu Santo to Apalache, F.ast and West ; and from Apalachc to
Rio de las Falmas from East to West : from Rio de las Palmas vnto Nueua Espanna fidm
North to South. It is a gentle coast, but it hath many sholdes, and great shclues of sand.

Deo gratias.

This relation of the discouerie of Florida was printed in the hous(: of Andrew de Burgos,
Printer and Gentleman of the house of my Lord Cardinall the Infante.

It was finished the tenth of Februarie in the yeerc one thousand, fiuc hundred, fiftie and
seuen, in the noble and most loyall citie of Euora. ,

,!' ' I

m ;!,.,))

I .

;oM<rie of Florida, igc,

all the Countrie which
fruit 19 like vnto Peares
;th another plant in the
: ground, which hath a
if the making and big-
ter then all the plummcs
theie is onelie want of
i\\ other fruits are very

ogges, Cattes, Martern

lall like those of Africa,
line Blacke birds bigger
Falcons, lerfalcons, and

es are taller of bodie, &
nd hauc greater store of
pon the sea coast. The
lore warlike. The toast
it ; and from Apalachc to
mUo Nueua Espanna from
I great shelues of saiul.

(J of Andrew de Burgos,

te.

, fine hundred, fiftie and

DISCOVERY

THE BARMVDAS,

OTHERWISE CALLED THE

ILE OF DTVELS:

SIR THOMAS GATES, SIR GEORGE SOMMERS,

CAPTAYNE NEWPORT,

WITH DIUERS OTHERS.

SET I'OKTII rOU THE LOUE OF MY COUNTRY,

AND ALSO

VOR THE GOOD OF THE PLANTJTWS IN FJRGINIJ.

8IL. lOURDAN.

ILonDon:

m
fill

miMKO «V lOIIN V.INDKT, AND ARE TO DK SOLD BY ROGER BARNF.S IN S. DUNSTANES
tnUKCIl-YAHD IN FLEETE-STBKETE, VNDEK THE DIALL.

1610.

mi'Ui'

n ! i.

■I m

'^il 1*

if^

i< J

( 'I

I
!

< 1 .

TO THE

RIGHT WORSHIPFULL
MASTER lOHN FITZ-IAMES^ ESQUIRE,

ONE OF HIS MAIESTIES CHIEFE lUSTICES OF PEACE

WITHIN THE

COUNTIE OF DORSET.

V:l

Sir, amongst all the sinnes. that humane nature doth stand possest with, ingratitude doth
challenge a propcrtie in man, although it bee a thing repugnant to reason, and disagreeing
with all mutuall societie. To free myselfc from this vitium naturae, I am bold in these fewe
lines to dedicate my loue to you : for it were too tedious to vse many wordes, where good
wil is the bond of loue. This smal gift I would intreate you to accept, if not for the quan-
titie, yet for the qualitie. From London the thirteenth of October, 1610.

Your Worships to commannd

SiL. loURDAN.

VOL, V.

4 B

/t" :'

llr?H If;,'!

■(

^|:', .1

il'

■It ^

1:1

•1

:ii!»fj)f;r.

i, i : ■

1
1 ■ ■'

DISCOVERY

or Till

BARMVDAS,

OTIIEHWISE CALLED

THE ILE OF DIFELS,

I Being in ship called the scanentiirc, with Sir Thomas Cnfcs, oiir Goiicrnoiir, Sir George
SommcrH, and Captainc Newport, three most worthy honoured Gentlemen, (whose valour
and fortitude the world must ncedes taivc notice off, and that in most honourable dcsigncs)
bound for Virginia, in the height of thirty degrees of northerly latitude, or thereabouts: wc
were taken with a most sharpe and cruell storme vpon the fine and twentieth day of luly,
Anno 1601). which did not only separate vs from the residue of our flecte, ( which were eight
in ninnhcr) but with the violent working of the Seas, our ship became so sh;ikcn, torne, and
leaked, that shoe rcceiued so much water, as couercd two tire of hogsheads abouc the ballast;
that our mm stoode vp to the middles, with buckets, baricos, and kettles, to baiie out the
water, and continually pumped for three daycs and three nights together, without any inter-
missinn ; and yet the water seemed rather to increase, then to diminish : in so much that
all our men, being vtterly spent, tyred, and disabled for longer labour, were cuen resoliied,
without any hope of their lines, to shut vp the hatches, and to haue committed themselues
to the mercy of the sea, (which is said to be mercilesse) or rather to the mercy their mighty
God and redeemer, (whose mercies exceed all his works) seeing no heipe, nor hope, in the
apprehcniiion of mans reason, that any mothers child could escape that ineuitable danger,
which eucrv man had proposed and digested lohimselfe, of present sinking. So that some
of them hauing some good and comfortable waters in the ship, fctcht them, and drunke one to
the other, taking their last leaue one of the other, vnlill their more ioy full and happy meeting,
in a more blessed world ; when it plea-^ed (Jod out of his most gracious and mercifull proui-
dence, so to direct and guide our ship, (being left to the mercy of the sea) for her most
aduaiilage ; that Sir (ieorge Sommers (.sitting vpon the poope of the ship,) where he sate
three dayesand three nights together, without meales meate, and little or no sleepe, coursing
the shippc to keejje her as vpright as he could, (for otherwise shec must needes instantly
haue fouodred) most wishedly happilv discrycd land; whereupon he most comfortably
eiu-ourageii the company to follow their pumping, and by no meaiies to cca-e bayling out of
the water with tiieir buckets, baricos, and kettles; whereby they were so oucr wearied, and
their spirits so spent with long fasting, and continuance of titeir labour, that for the most
part they were ('alien asleepe in corners, artil wheresoeuer they chanced lirst to sit or lie:
i)iit hearing news of land, wherewith thev grew to bee somewhat reuived, being carried with
wil and de»ire bevond their strength, euery man busied \ |), and L;athered his streni'th and
feeble spirits togeiUer, t" perlornie as niuih as tiuir weake force would permit him ; tiircni-jh
which weake mcaiies, it |)lease(l (ind to worke so strongK as the water was staide for that little
time, (which as we all much feared. wa« the la»t period ol our breathing) and tlie siiip kept
from present sinking, when it pleased (lod to send her within lialle an Knglish mile of that
land that Sir (George Sommers had not long before discrycd: which were the Ilandes of the

■i ii'i Barnuidas,

ih .ill

S56 VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, ^Beouertj of

Barmudan. And there neither t\'u\ our nhip Hinrke, biU m<Te fortunately in rd great a nisPor-
tunc, fell in befwecne two roi kts, where ^hec wa^* fiwi lodj^cil aiul locked, fur further budirinu :
whereby we gayned, not only Hiifhcient time, with the present hcipe of our boate, and
skide, safely to set, and cnnuey nur men athorc (whi( h were one hundred and lifty in
number) but afterwards had time and leasure to sauc some jiood part of our goodeit and nro-
uision, which the water had not spoylcd, with all tlie tackling of tht- i.hip, and much of the
yron about her, which were necessaricii not a little auaileahle, for the building and furninh-
ing of a new ship and pinnis, which we made there, for the transporting and carrying of y^
to Virginia. But our deliucry was not more strange in falling so opportunely, and happily
vpon the land, as our feeding and preseruation, was bi-ynnd our hnncs, and all
mens expectations most admirable. For the Hands of the Darmudas, as iiicry man
knoweth that hath heard or read of them, were neuer inhabited by any Christian or
heathen people, but cuer esteemed, and reputed, a most prodigious and inchanted place
anfording nothing but gusts, slormes, and foule weather; which made euery Nauigator and
Afarincr to auoide the, ;is Scylla and Char inlis ; or as they would shunne the Deuill himselfe •
and no man was eiier heard, to make for the place, but as against their wils, they haue by
stormcs and dangerousnesse of the rocks, lying soaiien leagues into the sea, suflircd ship.
wracke ; yet did we (inde there (he ayre so temperate and the Country so abouiulantiv
fruitful of all fit necessaries, for the sus'entation and preseruation of mans life, that must
in a manner of all our prouisions of bread, beare, and vicluall, being quite s|)()ylc(|, in
lying long drowned in salt water, notwithstanding we were there for the s|)ace of ninp
monethes (fewdayes ouer or vndc r) not only well refreshed, comforteil, and with gooj
satiety contented, but of the aboundance thereof, prouided vs some reasonable quantity and
proportion of prouision, to carry vs for Virginia, and to maintaine ourseluis, and ilut
company wc found there, to the great releefe of them, as it fell out in their so great cxirc
mitics, and in respect of the shorfnessc of time, vntill it pleased (!oil, that by my Lirds
comming thither, their store was better supplyed, and greater, and better prouisions wcf
might haue made, if we had had better mcanes for the storing and iransiiortation thereof.
Wherefore my opinion sincerely of this Island is, that whereas it hath beenc, and i» m\\\
arrnunled, the most dangerous, infortunate, and most forlorne place of the world, it i<* in
truth the richest, healthfullest, and pleasing land, (the quantity and bignessc thereof (iin^j.
dered) and meerely naturall, as euer set (bote vpon: the particular profits and henclii*
whereof, shal be more especially inserted, and hereunto anne\ed, which eiicry man to hi,
owne priuafc knowledge, that was there, can auou<h and iiisiilie for a truth. V|)()ii the
eight and twentieth day of luly IGOD. (after the extremity of the storine was soinrihin;
qualified) we fell vpon the shore at the Harmudas ; where after our generall .Sir fhouu^
Gates, Sir (jeorgc Sommers, and Captaine Newport, had by their prouident careCnJnose
landed ail their men, and so much of the goods, and prouisions out of the ship, us was mt
vtterlv spoN led, euerie man disposed and aj)pl)ed liimselfr, to .search for, and to seelM- out
such releef'e and suntentatinn, as the Country aflorded : and Sir Cieorge Sommers, .1 nun
inured to evlremities, (and knowing what thereunto belonged) was in this seruiee. neither
idle nor backward, but presently by his careful industry, went and found out suniiirnt, (■,'
many kind of fishes, and so plentifull thereof, that in halfe an houre, he tooke so manv -rcn
fishes witli hookc'), as did sullice the whole company one day. And lish is there so aijuunil.
ant, that if a man steppe into the water, they will come round about him ; so that nu 1 were
faine to get out for feare ol byting. These fishes are \erv fat and swiel<', and of ih.il pru-
portion and bignessc, that three of them will ('o..uenienllv lade two men : those we ullid
rock fi^h. Besides there are such aboundance of mullets that with a seane might be taken
at one draught one thousand at the least, and infinite store of pilchards, with daicrs kiiuU^
of great fishes, the names of them \nknowne to me: of crayfishes very great ones, and .«
great store as that there hath becnc taken in one night with making lights, ciieii j-uIVk ieni
to feeiic the whole copany a day. The Country afl'ordeli) gre.it alxiund.ince of Hogs, as iha!
there hath becnc taken by Sir George Sommers, who wa:i the first that hunted for them, lu

the

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^seouery of

in Hi' grfat a nisfor-
, f(ir further budging :
je of our boatp, and
hundred and fifty in
f dur goodes and pro-
hip, and much of the
buiiiling and furninh-
,ng and carrying of vn
orluncly, and happil
i)ur hone*, ai
udaw, a* ciicry man
bv any Christian or
-t and inchantcd place,
le euery Naui^talor and
nethcDeuill hinwclfe ;
Iteif wils 'hey haue by
the sea, suiUred sliip.
ounlry !t() aboundantlv
of mans life, that mott
bein;; quite spoyled, in
for tlie Hjiacc of nine
inforled, and with j-ood
reasonable quantity and
line ourselui*. and tiut
t in their so great cxirc-
l (iod, that by niy Lirds
d better prouisions wic
I iran»|M)rtatii>n thcrciif.
It hath bcene, and is still
ce of the world, it U in
d bignes>e thereof mmi-
ular j)ri>(its and bcnelitj
v^hith euery man lo hi:*
for a truth. Vpoii ihc
u- storme wan soinclliin-
r our grnerall Sir fhoiiui
ir proiiident cari'fiiliu«sc
lut of the nhip. IS was lui
eh for, and lo secko nut
(Jeorge Soinincrs, a man
as in this seruice, luithor
ml found out sulliiicnt, o,
re, he looke so many .;fcat
lid (ish is there so abmiiul-
ut him ; so that nic:i were
swcelc, and of thai prn-
two men : those v>c tailed
th a seane miijht be taken
lihards, with diu( rs kindc-
>s very great ones, ami «u
ing lights, eiien >u1Vm ieiu
Ixiundaiicc of Hog*, as iha!
t that hunted for them, lu
llie

ihe Barmudas,

TRAFliaUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

the niinthff of two and thirty at one time, which he brought to the company In a boate,
built by his ownc hiids. There iH fowie in great number vpon the Hands, where they breed,
that there hath bcene taken in two or three hourcn, a thoiisand at the least; the bird being
of the bignesHC of a good Pidgeon, and laycth eggei as bigge as Hen egge^ vpon the sand,
where they come and lay them dayly, although men sit downe amongut them ; that there
hath beenc taken vp in one morning, by Sir Thomas Gaten men, one thousand of egges :
and Sir George Sommcrs men, comming a little distancf of time after them, haue stayed
there whilst they came and layed their eggs amongst them, that they brotis^ht awav as man^
more with them ; with many "oung birds very fat and sweet. Another Sea fowfe there is
that lyeth in little holes in the ground, like vnto a cony-hole, and ore in great numbem,
exceeding good mcate, very fat and sweet (those we had in the winter) and their eggs are
white, and of that bignessc, that they are not to be knowne from Hen egges. The other birds
cgges arc speckled, and of a difTerent colour : therearc also great Htore and plenty of Herons, and
those so famili.ir and tame, that wee beale them downe from the trees with stones and staues,
but such were young Herons : besides many White Herons, without so much as a blacke or
gray feather on them ; with other small birds so tame and gentle, that a man walking in the
woods willi a sticke, and whistling to them, they wil come and gaze on you, so neare that
you may strike and kill many of them with your sticke ; and with singing and hollowing you
may doe the like. There are also great store of Tortoses, (which some call Turtles) and
those so great, that 1 haue scene a bushel of egges in one of their bellies, which are sweeter
then any Henneegge: and the Tortosc it selfe, is :ill very good meatc, and yeeldrth great
store of oylc, which is as sweete as any butter ; and one of them will suffice fifty men a meale,
at the least : and of these hath bcene taken great store, with two boates, at the least forty
in one day. The Country yeeldeih diners fruits, as prickled pcares, great aboundance, which
continue greene vpon the trees ail the yeare ; also great plenty of Mulberries, white and red:
and on the same are great store of silkr-wormes, which yeeld t(xis of silke, both white and
yellow, being some course, and some fine. And there is a tree railed a Palmito tree, which
hath a very sweet berry, vpon which the hogs doe most feede ; hut our men finding the
swcetnesHC of them, did willingly share with the hogs for them, they being very pleasant
and wholsome, which made them carelesse almost of any bread with their meate ; which
occasioned vs to carry in a manner all that store of flower and meale, we did or could sauc
for Virginia. The head of the Palmito tree is very goo<l meate, either raw or swlden, it
yeeldeth a head wltich waigheih about twenty pound, and is farrc better meate, then any
cabbidge. There are an infinite number of Cedar trees, (the fairest I thinke in the world)
and tho«e bring forth a verv sweet berry and wholsome to eate. The Country (for as much
as I could find my self, or heare by others ) aflimls no venimous creature or so much as a Kat or
Mouse, or anv other liiing vnwholsome. There is great store of Pearle, and some of them
very fairc, round and Orientall ; and you shall lindc at least one hundred seede of Pearle in
one Oyster ; there hath beene likewise found, some good quantity of Amber Greece, and
that of the best sort. There are aUo great plenty of Whales, which I conccauc are very
easie to be killed, for they roine so vsnally, and ordinarilv to the shore, that we heard them
ofteniiines in the night a bed ; and haue scene many of them neare the shore, in the day
time. There was borne vpon the Barmudas, at the lime of our being there two children, the
one a man chihl, there baptised, i)y the name of IJarmudas: and a woman child, baptised by
the name of I^anmula : as also there was a marriage betweene two laiglish people vpon that
Hand, This liaiul, I nieane the mavne Hand, with all the broken llandes adiacent, arc made
in tiu" forme ola half.Moone, but a little more rounder and diuided into many broken Hands,
and there are many jiootl harbours in it, but wee could finde one especiall place to goe in,
or rather to gne o;if I'roin it, whiih was not altogether free from some danger, and that Ivetii
on theS. utl) ea-t >idc, where liiere is three fathoms wafer, at the enir.ince therof, but within
sixo, s( aif.n, orei.iu fathoms at the !e.T.t, where you may safely lie land-locked, from the
dai'tjcr ol all vsiiids and weathers, and more lo the trees. The coining into it, is so narrow'
an<l --traight bt twee: e the rocks, .as that it will with small store of munition be fortified, and
easily dilcndid, with all aduanlajje the place affords, ajjainst the forces of the Putentcst

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558 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, &c. Discouery of the Barmudai.

King of Europe. There are also plenty or Haukes, and very good Tobacco, as I thinkc,
which through forgetfulnesse, I had almost omitted : now hauing finished and rigged our
ship, and pinnis, the one called the Deliuerance, the pinnis the Patience, wee prepared and
made our selues ready, to ship for Virginia, hauing powdred some store of hogs flesh, for
prouision thither, and the company thereof, for some reasonable time : but were compelled
to make salt there for the same purpose, for all our salt was spent and spoyled, before wee
recouered the shore. Wee carryed with vs also a good portion of Tortose oyle, which
either for frying or baking did vs very great pleasure, it being very swecte, nourishing, and
wholsome: the greatest defects we found there, was tarre and pitch for our ship, and
pinnis, in steede whereof wee were forced to make lime there of a hard kinde of stone, and
vse it : which for the present occasion and necessity, with some wax we found cast vp by
the Sea, from some shipwracke, serued the turne to pay the seames of the pinnis Sir
George Sommers built, for which hee had neither pitch nor tarre : so that God in the
supplying of all our wants, beyond all measure, shewed himselfe still mercifull vnto vs,
that we might accomplish our intended voyage to Virginia, for which I confidently hope
hee doth yet reserue a blessing in store, and to the which I presume, euery honest and re-
ligious heart will readily giue their amen. When all thinges were made ready, and com-
modiously fitted, the windccomming faire, wee set saile and put off from the Bannudas the
tenth day of May, in the yeare 1610. and arriued at lames towne in Virginia, the fourcand
twentieth day of the same Moneth : where wee found some threescore persons liiiini;.
And being then some three weeks or thereabouts passed, & not hearing of anye supply, it
was thought fitting by a generall consent, to vse the be^t meanes for the preseruaiion of
all those people that were liuing, being all in number two hundred persons. And $o
vpon the eight of lune one thousand six hundred and ten, wee vnbarked at lames Towne:
not hauing aboue fourteene dayes victaile, and so were determined to direct our courne for
New-found-land, there to refresh vs, and supply our selues with victaile. to bring vs
home ; but it pleased God to dispose otherwise of vs. and to giue vs better meanes. For
being all of vs shipped in foure pinnices, and depzrrrd from the towne, almost downc
half the Riuer. wee met my Lord De La Warrc comning vp with three ship*, well fur-
nished with victaile, which reuiued ail the compa.iy, and gaue them ^reat content. And
after some few dayes, my Lord vnderstanding of the great plenty of hogges and fish, was
at the Barmudas, and the necessity of them in Virginia, was desirous to send thither, to
supply himselfe with those things, for the better comforting of his men, and the plantation
of the Country. Whereupon Sir George Sommers beini; a man best acquainted with the
place, and being willing to doe seruice vnto his Prince and Country : without any respcrt
of his owne priuate gaine : And being of threescore yeares of age at the least, out of Uk
worthy and valiant minde. offered himselfe to vndertakc to perfurme with Gods help that
dangerous voyage for the Barmudas, for the better releefe and comfort of the people in
Virginia, and for the better plantation of it. which offer my Lord Dc La Warre, very will-
ingly and thankfully accepted: and so vpon the nineteenth of lune. Sir George Soinincrt
imbarked himself at lames towne in a small barge of thirty tonne, or thereabout, that he
built at the Barmudas : wherein he laboured from morning vnlill night, .is dueiie .is any
workeman doth labour for wages, and built her all with Cetiar, with little or no vnm
worke at all : hauing in her but one boult, which was in the Kilson : noiwiil)<4iaii(iin<r
thanks be to God. shee brought vs in safety to Virginia, and so I trust he will protcrt him,
and send him well backe againe, to his hearts desire, and the great comfort of jII the
company there.

The Barmudas lyeth in the height of two and thirty degrees and a halfe. of Northerly
latitude. Virginia bearing directly from it. West, North West, two hundred and thirty
leagues.

FINIS.

lery of the Barmudai.

Tobacco, as I thinke,
inished and rigged our
:nce, wee prepared and
store of hogs flesh, for

; but were compelled
id spoyled, before wee
of Tortose oyle, which
twecte, nourishing, and
jitch for our ship, and
lard kinde of stone, and
yax we found cast vp by
seaincs of the pinnis Sir
irre : so that God in the

still mercifull vnto vs,
lich 1 confidently hope,
e, euery honest and re-
made ready, and com-
r from the Bannudas, the
in Virginia, the fourc and
ireescore persons liiiinj;.
;aring of anye supply, it
•s for the prcseruation of
indred persons. And so
nbarkcd at lames Towne:
I to direct our course for
nth victaile, to bring vs

vs better meanes. For
the towne, almost downe
ith three ship, well fur-
hem great content. And
ly of hoggcs and fish, was
icsirous to send thither, to
s men, and the plantation

best acquainted witli the
ntry : without any respect
ige at the least, out of his
forme with Gods help that
d comfort of the people in
d Dc La Warre, very will-
lune, Sir George Soinmcrt
inc. or thereabout, that he
ill night, as duclie as any
lar, with little or no vMn
ic Kilson: notwithstanding

I trust he will protect him,
he great comfort of all the

» and a halfe. of Norllierly
jt, two hundred and thirty

TRUE COPPIE

or A

DISCOURSE WRITTEN BY ^ GENTLEMAN,

EMPLOYED IN THE LATE VOYAGE

SPAINE AND PORTINGALE:

SENT TO HIS PARTICULAR FRIEND,

AND BY HIM PUBLUIOD, '

FOR THE BETTER SATISFACTION OF ALL SUCH,

AS HAUING BEEN SEDUCED BY PARTICULAR REPORT,

HAUE ENTRED INTO CONCEIPTS TENDING TO THE DISCREDIT OF THE ENTERPRISE,

AND ACTORS OF THE SAME.

at ILonlum

PRINTED FOB THOMAS WOODCOCK DWELLING IN PAVLES CHVRCHYARD, AT THE
SIGNE Of THE DLACKB BEABE.

1589.

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TO THE READER.

'.a

SOmc holding opinion, that it is onely proper to men of learning (whose Arte may
grace their dooings) to write of matter worthie to be committed to the viewe of future
Ages, may iudge the publication of such Discourses as are contained in this Pamphlet, to
be an aducnture too great for a professed Souldier to vndertake: but I, more respecting
the absolute Iructh of the matter, than the faire shew that might be set thereon ; and pre-
ferring the high reputation of the Actors in this lourney before the request of my
particular friend, hauc presumed to present vnto you a report of the late Voyage into
Spaine and Portingall, sent vnto me almost 4. moneths siihence fro a Gentleman my vcric
ncre friend employed in the same; who, as it appeareth in his obseruations, hath ad-
uisedlie scene into cucrie action thereof: and because I haue often conferred with mania
that were in the same lourney, vcric nere vpon euerie particular of his relation, and
finde as much connnncd as I haue recciucd, 1 presume to dcliucr it vnto you for true &
exact. Howbcit, forusmuch as it came vnto my hands with his earnest request to reserue it
to my sclfe, I had almost consented thereunto ; had not the desire I haue to reconcile the
contraricfic of opinions that be held of that action, & to make it known what honour the
cause hath laid vpon our whole Nation, mooued me to publish the same : whereof sith
there may growe a greater benefit in publique, (for that manic shall partake thereof) than the
pleasure can be to him in smothering the labors he hath bestowed in setting downe the
Discourse, I doubt not but he esteeming a cdmon good before his priuate fancie, will
pardon nie herein. In the behalfe of whom, I beseech you to whose viewe and reading the
same is olTcrcd, not so curiouslie to lookc vpon the forme, as vpon the matter; which I
present vnto you as he sent it, naked and vnpolished. And you that were companions with
him (.f the lourney, if anie of you may thinke your selues not fully satisfied, in the report
of your descruings, let me intrcate you to excuse him, in that he indeuouring to write
thereof briefly f r my particular vnderstanding, did onely take notice of them who co-
maunded the seruices in chiefe, as being of greatest markc, and lay the blame vpon me,
who can by no mcanes auoyd it : sauing that from the fault I haue committed, (if it be a
fault) I hope there may some good pu>ceed. It hath satisfied me in many things, wiiereof
I bceing ignorant, was led into an crronious conceipt of the matter and of the persons: and
I hope it shall both conlirme others who maie remaine doiibtfuil of either ; and reforme
ihcm that hailing been seduced, are become sectaries agaynst the same. I will tiiereforc
commend the man and matter to your friendly censure, forbearing to notifie his name, least
I might increase mine oH'cnce against him ; & be nanieicsse my selfe for other good con-
siderations : which I leaue friendly Reader to thy best construction.

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THE

TRUE COPIE

.4 LETTER SENT FROM A GENTLEMAN,

WHO WAS IN AL THE SKRUICF.S THAT WERE IN THE LATE JOURNEY

SPAINE AND PORTINGALL,

TO A FRIEND OF HIS.

ALihoiigh the desire of aduancing my reputation, caused me to withstand the manie per-
swasions you v.scd, to hold me at home, and the pursiite of honorable actions drew me
(contraric to your expectation) to neglect that aduise, which in loue I know you gaue me:
yet ill respect of the manic assurances you haue yeelded me of your kindest friendship, I
cannot suspect that you wil cither loue or esteeme me the lessc, at this my returne: and
therefore will not omit anic occasion which may make me appcarc thankfull, or discharge
anie part of that dutie I owe you ; whicli now is none other, than to oflTcr you a true dis-
course how these warres of Spaine and I'ortingall haue passed since our going out of England
the xviii. of Aprill, till our returne which was the first of luly. Wherein I wil (vnder your fa-
uourablc jiardon) for your further satisfaction, as well make relation of those reasons which con-
firmed mc in my purpose of going abroad, as of these accidents which haue happened during
our abode there ; thereby hoping to pcrswade you, that no light fancie did draw me from
the fruition of your dearest friendship, but an earnest desire by following the warres, to
make my selfe more worthic of the same.

llauing therefore dctcrminately purposed to put on this habit of a Souldiour, I grewe
doubtful! whether to imploy my time in the warres of the Lowe Countreyes, which are in
aiixiliarie manner maintcined by her Maiestie ; or to follow the fortune of this voyage, which
was an aduenturc of her and manie honorable personages, in rcuenge of viisupportable
wrongs offered vnto the estate of our Countrey by the Castilian King : in arguing whereof,
I finde that by how much the Challenger is reputed before the defendant, by so much is this
iorncv to be preferred before those defensiue ^varres, for had the Duke of Parma his tiirne
been to defend, as it was his good fortune to iniiade, from whence could haue proceeded
that glorious honor which these late warres haue laid vppon him. or what could haue been.

\ Vt said

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5M VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The late Voyage of

said more or him, than of a Respondent (though neiier so valiant) in a priiiate Duell: Eucn
that he hath done no more than by his honour he wan tied vnto. For the paine of oi,p
Townc or anie small dcfeatc giueth more renowne to the Assailant, than the defence of a
Countrev, or the withstanding of twentie encouters ran yeeld any man who is bound by his
place to g:ird the same : whereof as well tiie parti( tilers of our age, especially in the Sj)ani:ir(i,
as the reports of former histories may assure vs, which haue still laid the fame of all warrps'
vpon the Inuador. And do not ours in these dales Hue obscured in Flanders, cither not
hauing wherewithal! to manage anie warrc, or not putting on armes, but to defend theniscliips
wiien the Eneinie shall procure them ? Whereas in this short time of our Aduenture, wce
haue wonne a Towne by escalade, battred and assaulted another, oucrthrowen a njiglific
Princes power in the field, l.mdcd our Armic in three seuerall places of his Kingdomp,
marched seaucn daic in the hart of his Countrey, lyen three nights in the Suburbes of his
principal! C'itie, beaten his forces info the gates thereof, and possessed two of his frontier
forts, as shall in discourse thereof more particularly appeare : whereby 1 conclude, tlmt
going with an Inuadour, and in such an action as euerie dale giueth new experience, 1 haiic
much to vaunt of, that my fortune did rather carry me thither, than into the warres of Flan-
ders. Notwithstanding the vehement pcrswasions you vsed with me to the contrarip, tlie
grotind whereof sithence you receiued them from others, you must gitie me leaue to acquaint
you with the error you were lead into by them; who labouring to bring the world into an
opinion, that it slowl more with the safetie of otir Estate to l)end all our forces against the
I'rince of Parma, than to followe this action, by looking into tiie true eflifcts of this hniriuv,
will itidicially conuince ihemselues of mistaking the matter. For, may the Conqiipst of
these Countreycs against the Prince of Parma, bee thought more easie for vs alone now. than
the defence of them was xi. yearcs agoe, with the men and money of the Queene of En<;l;in(l ?
the power of the Nfonsieiir of France ? the assistance of the principal! Stales of Cicrmaiiiu ?
and tlie Nobililie of their owne Countrey : Could not an arinie of more than yCMHK). hnrsp
and almost .'<000(). foote, beate lohn de Austria out of tlie Countrey, who was |iossoss((| ol'^
verie few frontier Townes : and shall it now be vpon her Maiesties shoulders to reinoiic v)
miulitie an Knemie, who hath left vs but '3. ^\\\^Ac parts of 17. vncoqiiered ? It is not a loiir-
ney of a few months, nor an aiixiliarie warre of few yeres that can damnifie the King dl'
Spiine in those places, where we shall meetc at euerie 8. or lU. miles end with a Townc,
which will cost more the winning, than will yearly pay 4. or fKXX). mens wages, where all
the Countrev is quatred by Riiiers, which haue no passage vnfortelied: and where most of
the best Souldiers of Christendome that be on oitr adiicrse partie be in pencion. But nnr
Armie which hath not cost her Maicstie mtich aboue the third part of one yearcs expences in
the Lowe Countries, hath alreadie spovled a great part of the proiiision he h.id m.ade at the
(Jrovne of all sorts, for a newe voyage into England ; burnt '.i. of his ships, whereof one was
the second in the last yearcs expedition, taken from him aboue 150. pieces of good artiliaric,
cut od'more than fit) biilkes, and 2(). French shijis well manned, fit iS: re.adie to seme hiin
for men of warre against vs, laden for his store with come, victualls, masts, cables, and other
iTierch.mdizes ; slaine and taken the principall men of warre hce had in Galitia ; made Don
Pedro F.nriqucs de (lUsinan, Conde de F'uentes, Generall of his forces in Portingall, chamc-
fullie riinne at Pcnicha ; laidc along of his best Commaundcrs in Lisbone : and by these
fewe aduentiires discouered how easelie her Nfaiestie tnay without any great aduenture in
short time pull the Tirant of the World vpon his knees, as well by the disquieting his vsiirn-
ation of Portingall .as without diflTicultie in kee|)ing the commoditie of his Indies from him,
by sending an armie so accomplished, as may not bee subiect to those extremities wliieh we
haue endured : except he draw for those defences, his forces out of the Lowe Countries and
(li«fiirni»h Ins garisons of Naples and Nfilan, which with safetie of those places he may not
doo. And yet by this meane shall rather be inforccil thereunto, than by any force that can
be vsed there against him : Wherefore I directly conclude, that this proceeding is the most
safe and necessarie way to be held against him ; and therefore more importing, than the warrc
in the Lowe Countries.

Yet

! , (

The late Voyage of

Spainc and Portingatl.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

565

Yet hath the iourncy (I know) been much disliked by feme, who either thinking too
vrorlhcly of the Spaniards valour, too indinbrrntly of his piirpoxeM against vs, or too vnwor-
ihely of ihem that vndertookc this ioiirncy against him, did thinke it a thing flangcrous to
encounter the Spaniard at his owne home, a thing ncedlesse to proceede by inuasiun against
him, a thing of too great moment for two subiects of their qualitie to vndertakr. And
therefore did not no aduance the beginnings as though they hoped for any good succrsHC
thereof.

The chaunccs of w.irres bee things most vncertainc ; for what people soeuer vndrrtake
them, they are indeedc but as chastizcmcnts appointed by God for the one side or the other,
for which purpose it hath pleased him to giuc some victories to the Spaniards of late yearcs
against some whome he had in purpose to ruine. But if we consider what warres they be
that hauc made their name so terrible, we shall finde them to haue been none other, than
against the barbarous Moorcs, the naked Indians, and the vnarmed Netherlanders : whose
yeelding rather to the name than act of the Spaniards, hath put them into such a conceipt of
their mightines, as they haue considerately vndertakcn the conquest of our Monarchie, con-
sisting of a people vnited and alwaies held sufliciently warlike: against whom what successe
their inuincibic Armie had the last ycare, as our verie children can witnes, so I doubt not
but this voyage hath sufficiently made knowne, what they arc euen vpon their owne doung-
hill : which had it bet-n set out in such sort as it was agreed vppon by their first demaund, it
might hauc made our Nation the most glorious people of the world. For hath not the want
of 8. of the 12. peeces of Artillerie which was promised vnto the Aduenture, lost her
Maiestic the possession of the Groyne and many other places, as hereafter shal appeare;
whose dffencible Ilampiers were greater than our batterie (such as it was) cold force : and
therefore were left vnattemptcd.

If was also rcsolucd to haue sent fiOO. English horse of the Lowe Countries, whereof wc
had not one, notwithstanding the great charges expended in their transportation hither:
and that may the Armie assembled at Puente de Burgos thanke God of, m well as the forces
of Porlingall : who foreranne vs sixe daics together: Did wee not want seauen of ^ thir-
teene old Companies, we should haue had from thence : foure of the ten Dutch Companies :
& sixe of their men of warre for the Sea, from the Hollanders: which I may iustly say we
wanted, in that wc might haue had so many good souldiers, so many good shippes, and so
many able bmlies more than we had :

Did there not, vpon the first thinking of the lourney diners gallant Courtiers put in
their names for aduenturers to the summe of lUOOI. who seeing it went forward in
good earnest, aduised themsclucs better, and laid the want of so much money vpon the
lournry ?

Was there not moreoucr a round summe of the .-iduenture spent in leuieng, furnishing,
and mainleyning three moncths l.jOO. men for the seruice of Berghen: with which Com-
panies the Mutinies of Ostend, was suppressed : a seruice of no small moment ?

What mi^erie the detracting of the time of our setting out, which should haue been the
first of Februaric, did lay vpon vs, too many can witnesse: and what extremitie the want
of that monethes victualls which we did eate, during the moneth wee lay at Plimoth for a
winde, might haue driuen vs vnto, no man can doubt of, that knoweth what men doo liue
by, had not (Jod giuen vs in the end a more prosperous winde and shorter ;"':4'.age info
Galitia, then hath been often seen; where our owne force and fortune tf <-( lalled vs
largely : of which crosse windcs that held vs two dales after our going out, the 'leneralls
being wearie, thrust to Sea in the same, wisely choosing rather to attend the change thereof
there ; than by being in harborough to loose any part of the better when it should come by
hauing their men «)n shoarc : in which two dales 25. of our companies shipped in parte of
the fleete, were scattered from vs, either not being able or willing to double V>hant.

These burthens laid vpon our Generalls before their going out, thev haue patientlie en-
dured, and I thinke they haue thereby much enlarged their honor : for hauing done (hus
much with the want of our Artillarie, (KX). honsc, 3000. foote, 200001. of their aduenture,

and

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560 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The tale Voyage of

ami one moneihA victiinlli* of their proportion, what may bee coniccttired Ihey would haue
done with tlicir full compliment ;

For the losnc of our men at Sea, since wee can lay it on none but the will of GOD,
what can be saidc mure, than that it m hU pleaxiire, to turnc all those impcdimcntM to the
honour of them, a;;ain>tt whome they were intended : and he will Dtill shew himnelfe the
God of hoa*^ in dooinj; j;reat thitiji;«i by them, whome many haue flought to obscure :
who if they had let the action fal at the height thereof in respect of those delects, which
were such e«prria!ly for the seruice at land, as would haue made a mijfhtie subiect «toonc
viulcrthiui; I dno not see, how any man could iustly haue laide any reproach vpnn him
who commanded the same : but rather haue lamented the iniquitie of tnitt time, wherein
men whom f rrein Countries haue for their conduct in seruice worthily esteemed of, should
not only in their own Countrey not he seconded in their honourable endeuors, but mij;hiiiy
hiiidrcd, euen to the impairiiif; of their owne estates, which most willingly they haue
aduenfurcd for the >;ii(id of their Countries : whose worth I will not valew by my repdrf,
lca>it I should Kceme jjuiltic of flatterie, (which my soule abhorreth) and yet come short in
the true measure of their praise. Onely for your instruction, against them who had alinoi.t
seduced you from the true opinion you ought to holdc of such men, you shall vndcrsfand
th;it (icm rail Nurris from his booke was trained vp in the warres of the Admirall of France:
and in vcrie joun^ yeares had ciiar^e of men vnder the Erie of Essex in Ireland: whicli
wiih what commendations he then discharge*!, I leaue to the reporte of them who olxicriird
those seruices. Vpon the breach betwixt Don lohn and the States, he was made ("dloncll
Generall of all the English forces there prc-ent, or to come, which he continued Un
yeares : hee was then made Marshall of the field, vnder Cnnte llohenio : and after th;it,
Generall of the armie in Frisland : at his comming home in the time of .Vfonsiers jjoucriie-
ment in Flanders, hee was made Lord President of Monster in Ireland : which he vri
holdcth, from whence within one yeare he was sent for, and "cnt (Jenerall of the Kn;{Ii»h
forces her Maiestie then lent to tlie Love Countries; which hee held till the Earle of Lei.
ccstcrs going ouer. And hee was made Marshall of the field in England, the enemie bcinj
vpon our Coast, and when it was expected the Crowne of England should haue been tried
by battaile. All which places of commandement which neuer any English-man surrcs-
siuely attained vnto in forraine Warres, and the high places her Maiestie hath thought hin
worthie of, may sudice to pcrswadc you, that he was not altogether vnlikely to dischirgc
that which he vndcrtookc.

What fame Generall Drake hath gotten by his iourney about the world, by his adueniurcs
to the West Indies : and the scourges he hath laid vpon the Spanish Nation, I leaue to the
S ulhernc jiarts to >.|>eak of, and referre you to the booke extant in our own lanpuaijc
treating (d" the satne ; and beseech yi u, considering the waightie matters they haue in ill
the course of their Hues with wdnderl'ull reputation managed, that you will esteeme then)
not well informed of their proceedings, that ihinke them insulHcient to passe through th.it
which they vndertooke, especiallie hauing gone ihu" farre in the viewc of the world,
fhnuigh so many incoinbrances, and disappointed of tho«.c agreements which led them the
rather to vndertakc the seruice. But it may be you will ihinke me herein either too miuh
opionated of the \'oiage, or conceited of the CTimanden*, that labouring thus earnestly to
ailuancc the cpiniim of th«'m both, haue not so much an touched any part of the misordcr»,
weakencs and w.inis that haue been amongst vs, whereof, they that returned did plentifiillic
report : True it is, I haue conceiucd a great opinion of the Iourney, and doo thinkc honor-
ably of the Commanders : for we linde in greatest antiquities, that many Commanders
haue beene recciuetl home with trium|)h for lesse merite, and that our owne Coiintrey halh
honoured men heretofore with admiration, for aducntures vnequall to this : it might there-
fore in those daies haue seemed •iuperfluous to extend anv mans commendations by
parliculcr remend)rances, for that then all n>en were readie to giue eucrie man his dne.
JJut r holdc it most neccs>arie in these daie- sithence eucrie vertue lindcth her direct
o])posit, and actions worthy of all memory, are in danger to be enuiouslie obscured in

denounce

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Spaine and Porlingall. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEIUES. 507

denounce the prainefi or the action, and actor« to the rull, but yet no rurihcr than with
sincerilie of truth, and not without f^rieuin;; at .nc iniurie of thi>4 lime, wherein \% cnTorced
a necewitie of ApoK)gics for thone inf-, & multem, which all former times were urcusiomed
to entertaine with the greatest applause that might be. But to answcre the reports which
hauc been giuen out in reproch of the actors & action by nuch as were in the same. Let
no man think otherwise, hut, that they who fearing the casuall accidents of warre had any
purpoHe of retourning, did first aduisc of some occanion that should mooue them thereunto:
and hauing found any what so cucr did thinke it sufficiently iusf, in respect of the earnest
desire they had to seek out matter thiU might colour their comming home.

Of these there were some, who hauing noted the late Flemmish warre«, did (Indc that
many young men haue gone ouer and safely retourued Soldiers within fcwe Moncths, in
hauing learned some words of Art, vsed in the warres, and thought after that good example
to spend like time amongst vs : which being expired they begjn to quarrell at the great
Mortallitie that was amongst vs :

The neglect of discipline in the Armie, for that men were sutlered to be drunck with the
plentie of Wines.

The scarsctie of Surgions.

The want of Carriages for the hurt and sicke : and the penurie of vicfualls in the Campe.

Thereupon diuining that there would be no good done. And that thcrfore they could be
content to lose their time, and aduenlure to returnc homeag.tine.

These men haue either conceiucd well of their owne wits (who by ob.-teruing the passages
of the warre : were become sufficient Soldiers in these fewe weekes) and did long to be at
home, where their discourses might be wondred at, or missing of their Portegues and Milrayes
they dreamed on in I'ortingall, would rather rcturne to titeir firmer manner uf life, than
attend the end of the lourney. For seeing that one hazard brought on another: and that
though one escaped the bullet this day it might light vpon him to morow, the next day,
or any day ; & that the warre was not confined to any one place, but that eueric place brought
foorth new enemies, were glad to see some of the poore Soldiers fall sicke, that they fear-
ing to be infected by them might iustly desire to goe home.

The sicknes I confcsse was great, because any is too much. But hath it been greater than ^"""" " '*"
is ordinarie amongst Englishmen at their first entrance into the warres, whether soeucr they
goe to want the fulnes of their flesh pots ? Maue not ours decayed at al times in France, with
eating young fruites and drinking new wines P hauc they not aboundantly perished in the
Lowe Counteries with cold, and rawnes of the Ayre, euen in their Garrisons ? haue there
not more died in London in sixe Moneths of the Piague, than double our Armie being at
the strongest ? And could the Spanish Armie the last yeare (who had all prouisions that
could bee thought on for an Armie, and tooke the fittest season in the yeare for our Climate)
auoide sicknes amongst their Soldiers ? May it then be thought that ours could escape there,
where they found inordinate heat of weather, and hot wines to distemper them withal ?
But can it bee, that wee haue lost so many as the common sort perswade ihemsclues we haue?
It hath been proued by strickt examinations of our musters, that wee were neuer in our
fulnes before our going from Plymoth 1 1000. Soldiers, nor aboue 2500. Marriners. It isi
also euident that there returned aboue 6000. of all sorts, as appeareth by the seuerall pay-
ments made to them since our comming home. And I haue truciv shewed you that of these
number verie neare .WOO. forsooke the Armie at the Sea, whereof some passed into France
and the rest retourned home. So as wee neuer being IJOOO. in all, and hauing brought
home aboue G(J(N). with vs, you may sec how the world hath been seduced, in beleeuing that
wee haue lost 16000. men by sicknes.

To them that haue made question of the gouernement of the warres (little knowing what,'^"""* '" ''"
apperlaineth thervnto in that ther were so many drukards amongst vs) I answer, that in their
gouernment of shires & parishes, yea in their verie housholdes, thcmselues can hanilie bridle
their vassalls from that vice. For we sec it a thing almost impossible, at any your faires or
publiquc atwemblies to linde any quarter thereof sober, or in your Towncs any Alepoles vn-

frequented :

Kcond.

'•Vli

• •'■l

Aniwrrf to ill
iliiiii.

Aniwfrcto thf
fjurth.

Aniwer* to the
Afih.

VOYAOns, NAUIOATIONS, The lalt t'lUfaKe of

rrequcnted : And \vc obncnic that though niiy man hailing niiy diitnrciered prntnnn in ihcir
huusvD, doo locke vn their driiikc and ml hiiitlerN \ poii it, that they will yet cither by jndi.
rett mcanc* Ntculc thciriKfliKv^ druiike I'rum their .Ma«tt'rA tablcR, or runnc abroad to iicrkc it.
If then at home in the eye-* of your ItiiliceM, M;iyi)r«, Preacher*, and MaHters, and where
they pay for riierie pot ihey lake, they cannot be kept from their li<pior; d(M) they thinke
that thoite baHedisonU'rul pcrnons whoine themHeliiCH «ent vnto v*. a* liiiinK at home without
rule, who hearing; of v>\i\v do long lor it a* a dainetie that their piinteK ruiild neiier reach to
in Kngland, i^ hauing it there without money eue in (heir houfieii where they lie 8i hold their
gnnrde tliev can be kept from being drunkc : and once drunk held in any order or tune,
except we had for eueric drunckard an oflTicer to attend him. But who be they that hauc
runnc into the«e disorders: Euen our newest men, our youngest men, and our idle<it men,
and for the most p.irte, our slouenly prc-t men, whome the lustices (who haue alwaie* thought
vnworlhely of any warre) haue sent out as the gcumme and dregges of their Countrcy. And
those were ihev, who distempering themselues with these hot wines, hauc brought in that
sicknes, which luih infected honester men than themselues. Hut I hope (as in other piarcsj
the recouerie of tlieir diseases dooth ncfpiaint their bodies with the ayre of the C'ounlric,
whcie they be; so the remainder of these which hauc cither recouered, or patit wiihom
sicknes will prouue most fit lor Marliall semises.

If we h.uie wanted .Surgion*, mas not this rather be l.iide vpon the Caplaines : who are i.i
prouide for tlieir seuerall Companies, than vpon the (»ener.ills, whose care hath been mirc
generall. And how may it be thought that eueric ('aptainc, vpon whomc most of the rhar;;(s
of raising liteir Companies was laid .in an aduenlure could pmuide themselues of all thiiii;^
expedient for a warre, (which w.is alwaics wimt to bee mainlained l)y the purse of ni,.
I'rince:) But admit eueric Captainc had bin Surgion : yet were the want of curing nctnr
the Icssc, for our I'.nglish Surgions (for the most j>arf) bee vnexperiemcd in hurt-, tlut
come by shot; because England hath not knowcn warres, but of lai<% from whose ignornnic
procecde<l tliis discomfort, which I hope will warnc th«)se thai heereafter goe to the wnrr.i
to make preparation of such as may better prt*«ierue mens lines by their skill.

FroDi whence the want of carriages did proceede, you may coniecturein that we m.irdini
through a C'ountrey, neither plentifnil of such pruuisions, nor willing to parte from .m,
tiling : yet this I can a.ssure you that no man of worth was left either hurt or sicke in anv
pla( c vnprouidcd for. And that the (ienenil commanded all the Mules & Asses, that wrn'
l.ulen with any baggage, to be vnbiirdcned and taken to that vse: and the E.irle of Ks.cx
and hec, for money hired men to carrie men vpon Pike.i. And the Karle (whosr trite vpr.
tue and Nobiliiie, as it dooth in all other his action* appcarc, *o did it very much in ihi,
threw his owne stulle : I ineane apparell and necessaries which he had {here from his owni'
carriages, and let them be left by the way, to put hurt and sicke men vp in them. Of whnv
most honorable dcscniings : I shall not needc here to make any parliculer discourse, fr
that many of iiis actions doo hereafier i;iue mee occasion to obscrue the same.

And the great complaint that these men nvike for the want of victualls: may well prnrrrd
from their not knowing the wants of the warre ; for if to feede vppon goo<l bceiie.s, niiilif n
and goats, be to want, they haue indiired great scarritie at land ; whereunto they neiirr
wanted two <laies togeiher, wine to mixe with their water, nor bread to eate with their mcair
' in some quantilie, ) except it were such as h.ad vowed rather to starue, than to stirre out nf
their places for food : of whom we had too manie ; who if their time had senied for it, ininhi
hauc scene in manie Campes in th<- most plentifnil Countries of the world for victuaIN, nun
davlie die with want of bread and drink, in not hnuiiig money to buv, nor the Counfric
yeelding anie good or heallhrnll wal<'r in anie place ; whereas both Spaine and I'ortingall, do
in eucrie plai e atfoord the best water that may be, and much more healthfull than any wine
fur our drinking.

Anil although some hauc most iniurioiislie exclaimed against the small prouisions of \ir-
tualls for the Sea, rather grounding the same vppon an eiiill that might hauc fallen, lh;in
anie that did light \ppunvs: yet knowc vou this, that there is no man §o forgetfull, ibt

will

:.;^r,«.!^'^,%

The late l'oyai(e of

Spaine and PorlinKaU. TnAFFlQUES. AND DISCOUERIES.

will Mv Ihcy won«cd bcrorc Jhcv came to the Groyne; that whonoeuer made not verie large
proiiisi(»nii f..r him-rlfe and hin company at the Groyne, wa<t verie improuidcnt, where wan
pliMUifull More of wiiic, hecfe, and H«h, and no man of place prohibited i.. I.iyc in the
Hamc into their nhippc*; whcrcwiih wimcdid no Turnixh ihemKelues, n» fliey did ik.i onely in
the Idurncy mipplic ihc wanN of mich a>4 were Iimc prouident than they, but in their return
home made a nin d cominodifie of the remainder thereof. And that at Cascain there came
in "Uch -lore of prouisiont into the flectc out of England, an no man that would hauc v^ed
\m dilixcnce could hnue wanted hi* due proportion thereof: a« miRht appeare by the He-
mainder that wa* returned to I'lymouth, and the plentifuil sale thereof made out of the Mer-
chants xhipt after their comminj; into the Th;ime«i.

Bill leant F should Mceme vnto you too Ntudious in confuting idle opinions, or answerin;;
friuolous questions, I will aihlrcsse me to the true report of those actions that haue pasNcd
there: wherein I prote-t, I will neither hide anie thin;; that hath happened .inainst vs, m-r
attribute more to anie man or matter, th n the iu^t o( casions thereof lendelh vnto : wherein
it shall appeare, that there hath been nothing left vndonc by the Generalls which was
before our going out vndertaken by them ; but that there hath been much more done
liinu was at the (irst required by Don Antonio, who should hauc reaped the fruitc of our
Adiicnture.

After <». duies sailing from the Cnast of England, and the (1ft after wc had the winde good,
beeing the tiO. of Aprill in the eucning, wc landed in a Bay more than an English mile
from the Groyne, in our long Boates and Pinnyjies without anie impeachment: from whence
we presently inanhed toward the Towne, within one halfe mile whereof wc were cncountred
b\ the r.neniie, who being charged by ours, retired into their gates. For that night our
Armie l.iy in the villages, houses and niilles next adioyning. and verie nearc round about
the Towne, into the which the Galeon named Saint lohn (which was the second of the last
vcres (leete against Knglaiid) one hulk, two smalUr ships, and two Gallies which were found
in the lixde, did beate vpon vs an<l vpon our Companies, as they passed too and fro that
night and the next moriiing.

Generail Nurris hauing that morning before day viewed the Towne, found the same de-
fended on the land side (for it siandclh vpon the neck of an Hand) with a wal vpon a dric
ditch : whciiipnn he resohied to trie in two places what might be done against it by e-calade,
and in the meanc time aduised for the landing of some Artillaric to beat vpon the ships &
(iailies, tint ihey might not annoy vs : which being put in execution, vpon the planting of
the (irst peere the Gallies abandoned the Koad, and betooke them to Farroll, not farrc from
thence: and the ,\rmailo being beaten with the artillary & miisketers that was placed vpon

500

Companies, tS: o|he^ prouisions readie for the surprise of the Base lowne, which was eliected

the next shoare, left her playing vpon vs. The re»t of the day was spent in prtpaiiiig the

tS: o|he^ prouisions readie for '
in this sort.

There were appointed to be landed l'i(X). men vnder the conduct of Colonell Ilunliev, and
Gaptaine Tenner the Vizeadmirall, on that si<le next fronting vs by water in long boates and
pynnises, wherein were placed manic peeces of artillaric to i)«iilt' \|»tin the Towne in their
approach: at the corner <d' the wall which defended the other water side, were appointed
Captain Richard Wingfeild Lieutenant Colonell to Generail Norris, and Captainc Sampson
Lieutenant Colonell to Generail Drake to enter at lowe water with i)00. men if (hi v found it
pas.sable, but if not, to betake them to the escalade, for they had also ladders with them ; at
the other corner of the wall which ioyned to that side, that was attempted by water, were
appi)\ ntcd (Colonell Vmpton, and Colonell Brett with .'>()<). men to enter by escalade All
the Companies which should enter by hoate being iinl)arked before the lowe water: and hau-
ing giiicn the Alarmc Captainc Wingfeild and Captaine Sampson betooke the to the escal ide,
for tlwy had in commandeirit-nt to charge all at one instant. The boates landed witliont anie
gnat difficultie: yet had they some men hurt in ^ landing. Colonell Bret & Col. Vmpton
entred their quarter without encounter, nor (indin^ anie defence made against them: for
Ca|)iain Hinder being one of ihem that entred by water, at his (irst entric (with some of
VOL. V. +0 his

am p

f: Si'*;

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VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The late Voyage of

his owne Companle whom he trusted well, betooke himseire to that part of the wall, which
he cleered before that they offered to enter, & so stil! scoured the wall ) till he came on
the backe of them who mainteined the fight against Capteine Wingfeild & Captaine Samp-
son ; who were twice beaten from their ladders, and found verie good resistance, till the ene-
mies perceiuing ours enfred in two places at their backs, were driuen to abandon the same.
The reason why that place was longer defended than the other, is (as Don luan de Luna who
commanded the same affirmeth) that the Enemie that day had resolued in councel how to
make their defences, if they were approached : and therein concluded, that if we attempted
it by water, that it was not to be helde, and therefore vpon the discouerie of our Boates,
they of the high Towne should make a signall by fier fro thence, that al the low Towne might
make their Retreate thither: but they, (whither troubled with the sodaine terror we brought
vpon them, or forgetting their decree ) omitted the fier, which made them gard that place
till wee were entred on euerie side.

Then the Towne being entred in three seuerall places with an huge crie, the inhabitants!
betooke them to the high Towne : which they might with lesse pcrrill doo : for that ours
being strangers ther, knew not the way to cut the of. The rest that were not put to the
sword in furie, fled to the Kockes in the Hand, and hid themselucs in chambers and sellers,
which were euerie day found out in great numbers.

Amongst those Don luan de Luna a man of verie good commandement, hauing hidden
himselfe in a house, did the next morning yeeld himselfe.

There was also taken that night a Commissarie of viitels called luan de Vera, who con-
fessed that there were in the Groyne at our entrie 500. Soldiers being in seaucn companies
which returned verie weake (as appearelh by the small numbers of them) from the lourncv
of England, namely,

Vnder Don luan de Luna.

Don Diego Barran, a bastard sonne of the Marques of Santa Cruz ; his companie was that
night in theGaleon.

Don Antonio de Herera then at Madrid.

Don Pedro de Mauriques Brother to the Earic of Pax ides.

Don leronimo de Mourray of the order of Saint luan, with some of the Ti wnc were in
the fort.

Don Gomcr de Caramasai then at Madrid.

Capt. Man<;o, Caucaso de Socas.

Also there came in th.it day of our landing from Retanzas the companies of Don luan de
Mosallc, and Don Petro Pou.tc de Leon.

Also hee saith that there was order giucn for baking of JOOOOO. of Bisquet, some in R>
tancas, some in Riuadea. and the rest there.

There was then in the Towne 2(KX). pipes of wine, and an 1.50. in the ships.

That there was lately come vnto the Marquis Seralba JOOOOO. ducats.

That there was 1000. larres of oyle.

A great quantitie of beanes, pease, wheate, and fish.

That there \Nas 3000. quinlells of beefe.

And that not 20. dayes before there rame in three Barques laden with match and har-
quebuses.

Some others also found fauour to bee taken prisoners, but the rest falling into the hands
of the common Soldiers, had their throates cut : to the number of .500. as I conierture fl^^t
and last after wee had entred the Towne; and in the enteric thereof, there was found euerie
teller full of Wine, whereon our men by inordinate drinking, both grewe thcmseliics for
the present sencelcs of the danger of the shot of the Towne, which hurt many of them
being drunke, and tooke, the (irsf ground of their sicknes, for of such was our first and
chiefest mortalitie. There was also aboundant store of victualls, salt and all kinde of pro-
uision for shipping and the warre : which was confessed by the sayd (^ommissarie of victnals
taken there to be the beginning of a Maga^in uf all sorts of prouision for a new Voiage into

England :

The late Voyage of

Spafne and Portingalc.

TKAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

571

ndemcnt, hauing hidden

iz ; his companie was that

iiic of the Ti wnc were in

lea with match and har-

England : whereby you may coniecture what the spoile thereof hath adiiauntaged vs, and
preiudiced the King of Spaine.

The next morning about eight of the clocke, the Enemie abandoiied their Shippes. And
hauing ouercharged the Artillarie of the Gallion, left her on fier, which burnt in terrible sort
two daies together, the Her and ouercharging of the peeces being so great, as of 50. that
were in her, ther war not aboue 16. taken out whole, the rest with ouer charge of the pouder
beeing broken and molten, with heat of the fire, was taken out in broken peeces into diuerse
Shippes. The same day was the Cloister on the South side of the Towne entered by vs,
which ioyned very neare to the wall of the Towne, out of the Chambers and other places
whereof wee bcate into the same with our Musquetiers.

The next d.iy in the afternoone there came downe some 20C0. men gathered together out
of the countric, euen to the gates of the towne, as resolutlie (led by what spirit I know not)
as though they would haue entered the same : but at the first defence made by ours that
had the gard there, wherein were slaine about eighteene of theirs, they tooke them to their
heeles in the same disorder they made their approach, and with greater speede than ours
were able to foliowe ; Notwithstanding, we followed after them more than a mile.

The second day Col. Huntley was sent into the countrie with three or foure hundred men,
who brought home verie great store of Cowes and Sheepe for our reliefe.

The third day in the night the Generall had in purpose to take a long Munition houae
builded vpon their wall, opening towards vs, which would haue giuen vs great aduauntage
against them ; but they knowing the commoditie thereof for vs. burnt it in the beginning
of the eucning : which put him to a newe councell, for hee had likewise brought some Ar-
tillarie to that side of the towne. During this time, there happened a verie great fire in the
lower end of the towne ; which had it not been by the care of the Generals heedilie seen
vnto, and the fiirie thereof preuented, by pulling downe m-viy houses which were most in
danger, as next vnto them, had burnt all the prouisions we found there, to our wonderful!
hinderance.

The 4. day were planted vnder the garde of the Cloyster two demie Canons, and two
Cuhierin;;s ai>;iinst the towne, defended or gabbioned with a crosse wall, through the which
our batteric lay ; the first & second tyre whereof shooke al the wall downe, so as the ord-
nance lay al open to the enemie, by reason whereof some of ^ Canoniers were shot & some
slaine. Tlie Lieutenant also of the ordnance Master Spencer was slaine fast by sir Edward
Niirris, Master thereof : whose valor being accompanied with an honorable care of defending
that lru>.t committed vnto him, he neuer left that place, till he receiued direction from the
Genenll his brother to cea ? the Batterie which hee presently did, leaning a guard vppon
the same for that d.iy : ann in the night following made so good defence fur the place of the
Hatlerie, as after there were verie few or none annoyed therein.

That day Captain CJowlwin had in commandement from the Generall, that when the as-
sault shruld be giuen to the Towne, he should make a profer of an escalade on the other side,
whero hee hclde his guard: but he (mistaking the signall that should haue been giuen) at-
tempted the same long before the assault, & was shot in the mouth. The same dave the
CJenerall hauing planted his Ordenance readie to batter, caused the towne to be sominoned,
in which sommons, they f'f the Towne shot at our Drum : immediately after that there was
one iianged ouer the wall, and a parley desired, wherein iliey gaue vs to vnderstand, that the
man hanged, was he that shot at the Drum before; wherein also they intrcated to haue faire
warrs, with promise of the same on their parts : the rest of the parlev was xpent in talking of
Don luan de Lunn, and some other prisoners, and somwhat of the rendring of the Towne
but not much, for they listened nut greatly thereunto.

Generall Norris h.iuing by his skilfull vicwe of the Towne (which is almost .ill seated
vpon a Kocke) found one place therof myneable, & did presently set workmen in hand
withal: who after 3. dales labor, (& the seuenth after wee were entred the base Towne)
had bedded their powder, but indeed not farre inongh into the wall. Agavnst which time
^ breach m.ide by ^ cannon being thought assaultahle, and Companies app'oynf'd as wel to

4 D 2 enter

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A78

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

27ie late Voyage of

enter the same, as that which was expected should be blowen vp by the Myne : namely, to
that of the Cannon, Captaine Richanl Wingfeild, and Captaine Philpot, who lead the Ge-
neralls Foote Companie ; with whom also Captaine Yorke went, whose principall Command-
ment was ouer the honmen. And to that of the Myne, Captaine lohn Sampson, and Cap-
tain Anthonie Wingfeild Lieutenant Culonell to the Master of the Ordinance, with certain
selected out of diuers Regiments. All these Companies being in Armes, and the assault in-
tended to be giuen in all places at an instant, fier was put to the train of the Myne : but by
reason the powder brake out backwards in a place where the caue was made too high, there
could be nothing done in f ither place for that day. During this time, Captaine Hinder was
sent with some chosen out of eiierie Companie into the countrie for prouisions, whereof hee
brought in good store, and /eturned without losse.

The next day Captaine Aithonie Sampson was sent out with some 500. to fetch in proui-
sions for the armie, who was encountrcd by them of the Countrie : but he put the to flight,
& returned with good spoyle. The same night the Myners were set to worke againe, who
by the srcond day after had wrought verie wel into the foundation of the wall. Against
which time the Companies aforesaid being in readines for both places (General! Drake on
the other side with 2. or 3(X). men in Pinnaces, making profcr to attempt a strong fort vpon
an Hand before the Towne, where he left more than .30. men ) fier was giuen to the travne
of the Myne, which blew vp halfe the Tower vnder which the powder was planted. The
Assailants hauing in charge vpon the effecting of the Myne presently to giue the ax.sanlt,
which they did accordingly ; but too soon.", lor hauing enlred the top of the breach, the other
halfe of the Tower, which with the first force of the powder was onely shaken and made
loose, fell vppon our men : vnder which were buried about 20. or ^0. then being vndcr that
part of the Tower. This so amazed our men that stood in the breach, not knowing from
whence that terror came, as they farsooke their Commanders, and left them among the ruincs
of the Myne. The two Ensignes of Generall Drake and Captaine Anthonie Wingfeild, were
shot in the Breach, but their colours were rescued : the Generals by Captaine Samp.sons
Lieutenant, and Captaine Wingfeilds by himselfe. Amongst them that the wall fell vpon,
was Captaine Sydenham pitifully lost : who hauing three or foure groat stones vpon his lower
parts, was heldc so fast, as neither himselfe toiild sfirrc, nor anie reasonable Companie re-
couer him. Notwithstanding the next daye being found to be aiiue, ther was 10. or 12. lost
in attempting to rclieue him.

The breach made by the Cannon, was wonderful wel assaulted by them that had the charge
therof, who brought iheir men to the pu.sh of tlie pike at the top of the Rreach. And bcinj;
readie to enter, the loose earth (which was indecdc but the rubbish of the outsi<le of ihe
wall) with the weight of them that were thereon slipped outwards from vnder their feeic.
Whereby did appeare halfe the wal vnbattered. For let no man ihinke that Culuerine or
Demie Cannon can sufBciently batter a defensible Kampier: and of those pecees we hml,
the better of the Demi Canons at the second shot brake in her carriages, so as the baltric was
of lesse force, being but of three pieces.

In our Retreat (which was from both breaches thorowe a narrowe lane) were many of our
men hurt: and Captaine Dolphiii, whoserued verie well that day, was hurt in the verie Ureacii.
The failing of this attempt, in the opinion of all the beholders, & of such as were of best
iiidgement, was the fall of the Myne : which had doubtiesse succeeded, the rather, berause
the approach was vnlooked for by the Enemie in that place, and therefore not so much de-
fence made there as in the other. Which made the Generall grow to a new resolution: for
finding that two dayes batterie had so little beaten their wall, and that he had no better pre-
paration to batter withall : he knewe in his experience, there was no good to be done that
way: w!>ieli I thinke he (irsf put in proofe, to trie if by that terror he could gel the vpper
Towne, hauing no ntlicr waie to put it in hazard so speedilic, and which in my conscience
h.id obtained the Towne, had not the Defendants been in as great perill of their liucs l)y
the displeasure of llieir King in gniing it vp, asby the bullet or sword in defending the same.
For that day before the assault, in the view of our .\rmie, titcy burnt a Cloysler within the

Towne,

i:' .:

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lite late Voyage of

Spaine and Portingale. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

Towne, and manie other houses adioyning to the Castle, to make it the more derencible :
whereby it appeared how little opinion themselues had of holding it against vs, had not
God (who would not haue vs sodainly made proud) laid that misfortune vpon vs.

Hereby it may appeare, that the foure Cannons, and other pieces of batterie promised
to the iourney, and not performed, might haue made her Maiestie Mistres of the Groyne :
for though the Myne were infortunate, yet if the other breach had been such as the earth
would haue helde our men tliereon, I doo not thinke but they had entred it throughly at
the first assault giuen : which had been more than I haue heard of in our age. And being
as it was, is no more than the Prince of Parma hath in winning of all his Townes endured,
who neuer entred anie place at the first assault, nor aboue three by assault.

The next day, the Gencrall hearing by a prisoner that was brought in, that the Conde de
Andrada had assembled an Armie of 8OOO. at Puente de Burgos, sixe miles from thence in
the way to Petance, which was but the beginning of an Armie: in that there was a
greater Icaiiie readie to come thether vndcr the Conde de Alfemira, either in purpose to
relicue the Groyne, or to encamp themselues neere the place of our embarking, there to
hinder the same ; for to that purpose had the Marques of Seralba written to them both the
first night of our landing, as the Commissarie taken then confessed, or at the least to stop
our further entrance into the Countrcy, ( for during this time, there were many incursions
made of three or foure hundred at a time, who burnt, spoyled, and broui;;ht in victualls
plentifuliic.) The Generall, I say, hearing of this Armie, had in purpose the next day
following to visite them, against whom lie carried but nine Regiments: in the Vangard
were the Regiment of Sir Roger Williams, Sir Edward Norris, and Colonell Sidney : in the
Battaile, that of the Generall, of Colonell Lane, and Colonell Medkerk: and in the Rere-
ward. Sir Henrie Norris, Colonell Huntley, and Colonell Brets Regiments; leaning the
other fine Regiments with Generall Drake, for the garde i.f the Cloystcr and Artillarie.
About tenne of the clocke the next day, being the sixt of May, halfe a mile from the
Campe, wee discouering the Enemie, Sir Edward Norris, who commanded the Vangard in
chiele, appoynted his Lieutenant Colonell, Captaine Anthonie Wingfield to command the
shot of file same, who deuided the into three troupes; the one he appoynted to Captaine
Middlcton to be conducted in a way on the left hand : another to Captaine Erington to take
the way on the right h.ind, and the bodie of them (which were Muskctters) Captaine
Wingfield tooke himselfe, keeping the direct way of the march. But the way taken by
Captaine Middlelon met a little before with the way helde by Captaine Wingfield, so as he
gluing the first charge vpon the Enemie, was in the instant seconded by Captaine Wing-
field, who beatc them from place to place (they hauing verie good places of
defence, and rrosse walles which they might haue held long) till they betooke them to
their bridge, which is oucr a crceke comming out of the Sea, builded of stone vpon
Arches. On the foote of the further side whereof, lay the Campe of the Enemie verie
stronglie entrenched, who with our shot beaten to the further end of the bridge. Sir Ed-
ward Norris marching in the poynt of the pikes, without stay passed to the bridge, accom-
panied with Colonell Sidney, Captaine Hinder, Captaine Fullord, and diners others, who
found the way cleere ouer 5' same, but through an incredible volie of tihot; for that the
shot of their Armie flanked vpon both sides of the bridge, the further end whereof was
barricaded with barrells: but they who should haue garded the same, seeing the proude
approach wte made, forsooke the defence of the Barricade, where Sir Edward entered, and
charging the first defendant with his pike, with verie earnestnes in ouerthrusling, fell, and
W.1S grieuouslic hurt at the sword in the head, but was most honorablie reskued bv the
(jcnerall his brother, accompanied with Colonell Sidney, and some other gentlemen : Cap-
taine Hinder also hauing his Caske shot off', had fine wounds in the head and face at the
sword: and Captuine Fill ford was shot into the left arme at the same counter: yet were
they so thnniglilie seconded by the Generall, who thrust himselfe so neere to giue in-
coiiragement to the attempt, (which was of wonderful diflicultie) as their brauest men that
dcreuded that place being uuerthrowne, their whole Armie fell presentlie into route, of

whom

573

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574

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

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The late Voyage of

whom our men had the chase three miles in Tonre sondrie waiea, which they betooke them-
selucs vnto. There was taken the ntanderd with the Kings Armea, and borne before the
General!. How many, two thousand men ( for of so many consisted our Vangard ) might
kill in pursuit of 4. sundrie parties, so many you may imagine fell before vs that day. And
to make tlie number more great, our men hauing giuen ouer the execution, and returning
to their stands, found many hidden in the Vineyards and hedges which ihey dispatched.
Also Colonell Meilkerk was sent with his Regiment three miles further to a Cloyster, which
he burnt and spoylcd, wherein he found two hundred more and put them to the sword.
There were slaine in this lii;!u on our side onlie Captaine Cooper, and one priuate souldier:
Captaine Burton was also iuirt vppon the bridge in the eye. But had you secne the strong
BaMcadcs they had made on cither side of the bridge, and how strongly they lay encamped
thereabouts, you would hniie thought it a rare resolution of ours to giue so braue a charge
vpon an Armie so strongly lodged. After tite furie of the execution, the Generall sent the
Vangard one way, and ihe Battill another, to burne and spoyle: so as you might haue seen
the Conntrie more than tiin-c miles compasse on fire. There was found very good store of
Muniiion and Victuals in the Campe, some plate and rich apparell, which the better sort
left behiiul, they were so hotlic pursued. Our Sailors also landed in an Hand next adioyi)-
ing our siiippes, where they burnt and spoyled all they found. Thus we returned to the
Groyne, bringing small comfort to the enemie within the same, who shot many times at v.^
as wee marched out, but not once in our comming backe againe.

The next day was spent in shipping our Artillarie landed for tlic Batterie, and of the rest
taken at the Groyne, which had it been such as might haue giuen vs any assurance of a
better b.itterie, or had there been no other purpose of our lourney but that, I thinke the
Generall would haue spent some more time in the siege of the place.

The two last nights, there were that vndertooke to fire the higher towne in one place,
wiierc (he houses were builded vpon the wall by the water side : but they within suspeclinj;
as nuicii, made so good defence against vs, as they preuented the same. In our departure
there was fire put into euerie house of the lowe towne, in somuch as I may iustlic say, there
was not one house left standing in the Base towne, or the Cloyster.

The next day, being the eight of May, wee embarked our Armie without h'sse of a man,
which (had we not beaten the Enemie, at Piiente de Burgos) had been impossible to haue
done, lor that without doubt they would haue attempted something against vs in our ini-
barking : as appeared by the report of the Commissaric aforesayd, who confessed, that the
first night of our landing, the Marques of Seralba writ to tiie Conde de Altemira, the
('onde de Andrada, & to Terneis de Santisso, to bring al the forces against vs that \\\{\
could possiblie raise, thinking no way so good to assure that place, as to bring an Arniit
ihclhor, wherewithall they migiit cither besiege vs in their Base Towne, if we should f;et ir,
or to lie betweene vs and our place of embarking, to light with vs vpon the aduantage, fcr
they li.id abouo I j(XX). soiildiers \nder their conimandemeiils.

.\rier wee had put from thence, wee had the wiruic so cpnlrarie, as wee could not vndei
nine (laics recouer the Burlings: in which passage on the \[i. dav, the Farle of Essex, .iml
with him Master Waller Ucuereux his brother (a Gcnileman of wonderful great hope;,
Sir Koger Williams, Cdonell generall of the foot men. Sir Philip Butler, who hath alwaiej
been most inward with him, and Sir Edward Wingfield, came into the flccte. The Karle
hauing put himselfe into the lourncy against the opinion of the world, and it seemed to
the hazard of his great fortune, though to the great aduancement of his reputation, ( for as
the honoral)Ie carriage of himsell'e towards all men, doth make him highlie esteemed at
home; so diil Lis exceeding forwardnes in all scruices, make him to be wondred at amonyst
vs) who, I -ay, put off in the same wiride from Famouih, that wee left Plymouth in, where
he lay, lie(au«e he would aiioiile the imporlunitie of messengers that weredaylic sent lor his
ri'turne, and sonic other laiises more secret to himselfe, nut knowing (as it seenud) what
place the Generals purposed to land in, had been as larre as ("ales in .\ndalosia, and lav vji
and downe about the South Cape, where he tooke kome ships laden with Come, and

i)roii"lit

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Spaine and Portingale.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

675

brntight them vnto the fleefe. Also in his rttiirne from thence to meete with our fleete, he
fell with the Iland.4 of Bayon ; and on that side of the riiier which Cannas standeth vpon :
he, with Sir Roger Williams, & those Gentlemen that were with him went on shore, with
some men out of the ship he was in, whom the enemie that held gard vpon the Coast,
would not abide, but fled vp into the Countrey. After his c5ming into the fleet (to the
great reioycing of vs all) he demaunded of the Generals, that after our Armie should come
on shore, he might alwaies haue the leading of the Vantgard, which they easilie yeelded
vnto: as being desirous to satisfie him in all things, but especially in matters so much
tending to his honor as this did ; so as from the time of our first landing in Portingall, hee
alwaies marched in the poynt of the vangard, accompanied with Sir Roger Williams (ex-
cept when the necessifie of the place hee held) called him to other seruices.

The 16. day we landed at Penicha in Portingall, vnder the shot of the Castle, andaboue
the wast in water, more than a mile from ^ townc, wherein many were in peril of drowning,
by reason the wind was great, & the Sea went high, which ouerthrew one boat wherin 25.
of Captaine Dolphins men perished. The Enemie, being fiue copanies of Spanyards vnder
the comaundement of 5 Conde de Fuentcs, eallied out of the towne against vs, & in our
landing made their approach close by the water side. But the Earle of Essex, >V Sir Roger
Williams & his brother, hauing landed sufficient number to make 2, troups, left one to hold
the way by the water side, and led ^ other ouer the Sandhils: which the Enemy seeing,
drew theirs likewise further into the land ; not, as we coniectured, to encounter vs, but in-
decde to make their spccdie passage away : notwithstanding they did it in such sort, as
being charged by ours which were sent out by ^ Colonell generall vnder Captaine lacson,
they stood the same euen to the push of the pike: in which charge & at the push, Cap-
taine Robert Piew was slaine. The Enemie being fled further thfi we had reason to follow
ihem, al our companies were drawn to the town : which being vnfortified in any place, we
found vndefended by anie man against vs. And therefore the Generall caused the Castle to
be somoned j' night : which being abandoned by him that comaunded it, a Portingall,
named Antonio de Aurid, being possessed thereof, desired but to be assured that Don
Antonio was landed, whervpon he would deliuer ^ same, which he honestly performed.
There was taken out of the Castle 100. shot & pikes, which Don Emanuel furnished his
Portingals withall, & 20. barrels of powder : so as possessing both ^ towne & the Castle,
we rested there one day ; wherin some friers & other poore men came vnto their new King,
promising in the name of their Counfrie next adioyning, that within two dales he should
haue a good supplic of horse & foote for his assistance. That day we remained there, the
Generals company of horses were vnshippcd.

The Generals hauing there resolued j the Armie should march ouer land to Lisbone
vnder ^ conduct of generall Norris: & that general Drake should meet him in the riuer
thereof with the fleele: that there should be one company of foote left in gard of the
Castle, & 6. of the ships : also y the sicke and hurt should remaine there with prouisions
for their cures.

The General, to trie ^ euent of the matter by expedition, the next day began to march
on this sort : his owne regiment, & the rcgnnents of Sir Roger Williams, Sir Ilenrie
Norris, Colonel Lane, & Colonel ^fedke^k, in the Vangard : Generall Drake, Colonel De-
iicrcux, .S. I'Alward Norris, & Colonel Sidneis in ^ Battaile : S. lames Hales, Sir Edward
Wingfield, Colonell Vmptons, Colonell Iluntleis, & Colonell Brets in the arrcreward. By
that time our armie was thus marshalled, general Drake, who though he were to passe by
Sea, yet to make known the honorable desire he had of taking equal part of al fortunes \V
vs, stood vpO the ascent of an hil, by J which our Battalions must of necessitie march, «&
with a pleasing kindncs tooke his Icaue seuerally of the cumaunders of euerie regiment,
wishing vs al happy successe in our iourney ouer the land, with a constant promise y he
would, if the iniury of J wether did not hinder him, meet vs in the riuer of Lisbone with
fleete. The want of carriages the first day was such, as they were enforced to carrio

our

their Munition vpon mens backes, which was the next day remedied.

it)

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576 VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, The late Voyage of

In this march Cipfaine Crispe, the Prouost Marshall, caused one who (contrarie to the
proclamation published at our arriuall in Portingall) had broken vp a house Tor pillage, to
be hanged, with the cause of his death vpon his breast, in the place where the act was
committed : which good example protiidentlie giuen in the beginning of our march
caused the commandement to be more rcspccliuelie regarded all the iourney after, by them
whom fcare of punishment doth onlie hold within rompasse. The Camp lodged that night
at Lorina : The next day we had intelligence al the way that the enemie had made head of
horse and footc against vs at T<>ras Vrdras, which wee thought they would haue held: But
coinming thither the secoiulc day of our march, not two houres before our Vangarde came
in, they leffe the Towne and Castle to the possession of Don Antonio.

There began the greatest want we hui of viclualls, espeiiallie of bread, vpon a Com-
mandement giuen from the Gcnerall, that no man should spoyle the Counlrcy, or take anie
thing from anie Pdrtiiigall : which was more rcspe( tiucly obserued, than I thinke would
haue been in our owne Countrcy, amongst our owne friends and kindred : but the Coun-
frey (tonfraric to promise) hailing neglected the prouision of victuulls for vs, whereby we
were driui'O for that time into a great scarcitie. Which moued the Colonell Genrrall lo
call ;ill the Culonois together, and with them to aduise for some better course for our
people : who thou,i;ht it btst, first to ;iduertise ^ King what necessitie wc were in, before
we shiild of our selucs alter the first in^tiiutinn of abstinence : the Colonell general!
hauing acquainted the General herewith, with his very good allowance thereof, went to the
King; who after some expostulations vscd, tooke the more carcfull order for our men, atid
after that our Annie was more plentifully relieued.

The third daye wee k)dgcd our Armie in three sundrie villages, the one Battalion lyjnir in
Enchara de los Caualleros, another in Enchara de los Obisbos, .ind the third \v. San Sebastians.

Ca|)laine Yorke who commanded the Generals horse com|)aMie, in this march made triaii
of tiie valour of the horsemen of the Enemie ; who by one of his Corporalls charged with S.
horses tl rough 4<). of them, and himselfe through more than ti()0. with some 40. horse : whu
would abide him no longer than they could make way from him.

The next day we marched to Loris, and had diuers intelligences that the enemie would
tarrie vs there: for the Cardinall had made publique promise to them of Lisbj)ne, that he
would fight with vs in that place, which hee might haue done aduantageouslie ; for we had a
bridge to passe ouer in the same place: hut before our coniming hee dislodged, notwiih-
standing it appeared vnto vs that hee had in purpose to encainpe there: for wee found the
grcuiid staked out where their trenches should haue been made: and their hiirsi-mei) \\iih
some fi w shot shewed themselues vppon a hill at our comniiiig into that village. Wliom Si,-
Heiirie Norris (whose Regiment had the poynt of the Vangard) thought to draw vnto sdnc
fight, and therefore marched without sound of Drum, and somewhat faster than ordiiiaric,
thcrcbv to get nccrc them before hee were discouered, lor he was shadowed from them In
an hill that was betwcene him and them: but belure he could draw his companies anie tiii, •
necre, they retired.

(ienerall Drakes regiment that night for the coirimnditie of good hnlging, drcwe thcnisclms
into a Village, more than one English mile from thenrc, and neare the Enemie: whoni
daring to di>o anie thing against vs in foure dayes before, tooke that occasion, and in the
nc.\t morning fell downe vpon that Kegiment, crying, Viua el Hey Dcm Anti nio, vshirh was u
gcnerall saluiali'm thorough all the Countrcy as they came: whom our young Souldiers (though
it were vpon their guard, and bcfc re the watih wore di»charg(d) began to entcrtaine kiiullv,
but haiiinu' got within their gu.ird, tlicy fell to cut their ihroaie- : but the .Marme being Liken
inwards, the Odicers of the two ncM Ciinpanies, whose ('apt.iines, ^^Captaine Sydiiain and
Captaine Young) wore lately dead at the Groyne, brought down their colours and pike-,
vpon then in -o resolute manner, a>. they presently draue them to ntyre with losse : tluv
killed offiurs al their fir«t (■iitian(<' I \. and hurt sixe or -eancn.

The next <l;iv we l<Klgc<l at Aluclan:i within three miles of I,i-.l)one, where many of ciir
Souldiers drinking in two places of standiiig waters by the waie, were pi ysoncd, \ t crcim

presently

tf'^i

Tlie late Voyage of

who (conlrarie to the
a house for pillage, to
tlace where the act was
ginning of our march,

iourney after, by them
Camp lodged that night
emie had made head of
I would haue held: But
fore our Vangarde came
lio.

of bread, vpon a Com-
e Countrey, or take anic
ed, than I thinke would
kindred : but the Coun-
uuUs for vs, whereby wc

the Colonel! Generall lo
me better course for our
s>*itie wc were in, before
' : the Coloncil generall
ncc thereof, went to the
1 order for our men, and

the one Battalion lying in
he third ir. San Seb;istians
in tliis march made triall
CorporaiU charged with >>.
with some 40. horse : wh )

:e« that the enemie would
them of Lisbone, that lie
aniageouslic ; for wc had a
)g hee dislodged, notwiili-
c there : for wee found ihi;
and their horseMien \siih
ito that village. Whom Mr
thought to draw vnto vmc
■what fa-tcr than ordiiiar i',
ias sliailowed from thcin l;v
iw his companies anic tiii .;

I lodging, drewe theniMlui«
neare tiie Enemie : who i cii
ic that occasion, an<l it) the
•y Don Antcnio, which wa« a
our \oungSouldiers (ih(Mi);h

began to entcrtaine kindly,
but the Alarme being taken
nes ^^Captaine Sydnain and
wn ihcir coh urs and piki".

to rclyrc with lossc : ilu\

.isbono, where many "f 'I'r

were pcy soiled, iV I i'r((in

prc>CMtIy

Spaine and Portingale.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

577

presently died : some doo thinke it came rather by eating of honnic, which they found in
the houses plentifully. But whether it were by water or by honnie, the poore men were
poysoncd.

That night the Earle of Essex, and Sir Roger Williams went out about eleuen of the clock
with 1000. itien to lye in Ambuscade neere the Towne, and hauinglaj d the same vcric nccre,
sent some to giue the Alarme vnto the Enemie : which was well performed by them that iiad
the charge thereof, but the Enemie refused to issue after them, so as tiie Earle returned as
soone as it was light without dooing anic thing, though he had in purpose, and was readie to
haue giuen an honourable charge on them.

The 25. of May in the euening we came to the Suburbes of Lisbone : at the veric entrance
whereof. Sir Roger Williams calling Captain Anthony Wingfield with him, looke thirtic shot
or thereabouts, and first scowred al the slreefes till they came vcrie neare tlic Towne ; where
they found none but olde folkes and beggers, crying Vina el Rey Don Antonio, and the
houses shut vp : for they had carried much of their wealth into the Towne, and had (ircd
some houses by the water side, ful of come and other prouisions of victualls, least we should
be benefited thereby, but yet left behinde them great riches in manie houses.

The foure Regiments that had the Vangard that day which were ("oloncll Deuercux, Sir
Edward Norris, Coionell Sydneys, and Generall Drakes whome I name as they marched, the
Colonell Generall caused to hold guard in the nearest streates of the Suburbes : The Bnttaile
and the arrierward stood in Armes al the night in the field neare to Alcantara. Before morn-
ing Captaine Wingfield by direction from | Colonel Generall Sir Roger Williams helde guard
with Sir Edward Norris his Regiment in three places verie nccre the Towne wal, and so helde
the same till the other Regiments came in the morning. About midnight they within the
Towne burnt all their houses that stood vpon their wall either within or without, least wc
possessing them, might thereby greatly haue annovcd the Towne.

The next morning Sir Roger Williams attempted, (but not without perill) to take a Church
called S. Antonio, which ioyncd to the wall of the towne, and wouldc haue been a verie euill
neighbour to tiie towne : but the l''ncmie hauing more easie entrie info it than wee, gained
it before vs. The rest of that morning was spent in quartering the Battaile and arrierward
in the Suburbes called ]?ona Vista, & in placing Musqueticrs in house,*, to frunt their shot
vp'Mi the Willi, who from the same scowred the great streates vcric dangcrouslie.

By this time our men being throughly wearic with our sixc dayes March : and the last
nights watch, were desirous of rest: whereof the Enemie being aduertiscd, aljout one or two
of the riockc sallied out of the Town, and inade their approach in three scucrnll streates vpon
vs, l)ut chiefly in Colonell Bretfs quarter: who (as most of the Annie was) being at rest,
with as much speed m lie could drew his men into Armes, and made head against them so
througijly, as himseile was siaine in tlie place, Captaine Carscy shot tiirough the thigh, of
which hurt he died within four daycs after, Captaine Carre siaine presently, and Captaine
Caue hurt (but not mortally) who were all of his Regiment.

This resistance made as wcl here, as in other quarters where Colonell Lane and Colonel
Medkerke commanded, put them to a sodaine fowlc reireate : in so nnuh, as the Fnric of
Essex had the chase of them cucn to the gates of the high Tdwne, wlicrcin fliey lilt bciiiiidc
them many of their best Commanders : their Troope of horsemen :ilso came cuf, but being
charged by (Captaine Yorke, withdrew themsciucs agaiiie. ^fanic of ihcm also Icftc the streates,
and betooke them to houses which they found open : for the Scricant M;iior Cnptainc Wilson
sicwc in one house with his owne hands tiirec or foure, and caused them that wi re witii him to kil
manie others. Their losse I can assure you did triple curs, as well in qualitie as in (pianfitic.

During our march to this place Generall Drake with the wlmle (Icefc was come into Cas-
cais, and possessed the Towne without anic resistance: manie of the inhabitants at tiicir
<liscoucrie of our Naiiie, fled with their baggage into the Mountaines, and kfic the Towne
foranieman that would jiossesse it, till Generall Drake sent vnto them by a I'orliiigali Pilot
which he had on boord, to otVer thent all peaceable kindnes, so fane foorth as they would ac-
cept of their King, and minibter necessaries to the .\rinie he had brought: which oiler they

VOL. V. 4 K ioyfully

■I

.1 *' 'Im- : if

1 \

I . >.

!■ ?

I'll'

I 'l

678 VOYAGES, NAUIGATION55, Tlic late Voyage of

ioy fully embraced, & presently sent two chiefemen of their Towne.to signifie their loyahie
to' Don Antonio, and their honest allcctions to our people. Whereupon the Gencrall landed
his Copaiiies not farre from the Cloyster called San Domingo, but not without perill of the
shot of the Castle, which being guarded with sixtie fine Spaniards helde atill agaynst him.

As our flrete were casting anker when they came first into that Uoad, there was a small
ship of Brasil that came from thence, which bare too with them, and seemed by striking
her saylcN, as though she would also hauc ankered : but taking her fittest occasion, hoysed
aguiiic, and would haue passed vp the Hiuer, but the Generall presently discerning her pur-
pose, sent out a Pinnace or two after her, which forced her in such sort, as she rannc her selfe
vppon tlie Rocks: all the men escaped out of her, and the lading (being manie chests of
sui;ar) was made nothing woorth by the salt water. In his going thether also, he tooke ships
of the Port of Portingal, which wer sent from thence, with fiiteene other from Pedro Ver.
mendcs Xantcs Scrieaiit Maior of file same place, laden with men and victualls to Lisbone;
the rost ihit escaped, put into Sant' Vues, The next day it pleased General Norris to cal al y
Colonells together, and to aduisc with them, whether it were more expedient to tarrie there
to attend (he forces of the Porfingall horse and footc whereof the King had made promise,
and to march some conucnient number to Cascais to fetch our Artillcrie and munition, which
was all at our ships, sailing that which for the necessitie of the Seruicc, was brought along
with vs : Whcreunto, some carried away with the vaine hope of Don Antonio, that most part of
the Towne stood for vs, held it best to make our abode there, and to send some 3()(X). for our
Arrill.iric : promising to ihemselues, that the Enemie being wel beaten the day before, would
make no more sallyes : Some others, (whose vnbeleefc was verie strong of anie hope from the
Portinj^all) pcrswaded rather to march whollie away, than to be anie longer carried away
with an opinion of things, whcreol' there was so little apparanco. The Generall, not wiiliii(r
to Icaue anie occasion of blott to be layd vpon him for his spccdic g<'ing fr n thence, nor to
loose anie more lime by attending the hopes of Don Antonio; tolde them, that though tin-
Expedition of Portingall were not the oiiely purpose of their lourney, but an adiicnture
therein; which if it succeeded prosperously, might ni:ike ihem surticienlly rich, & wonder-
full honorable ; and that they had done so much alrtadic in triall thereof, as what ende socucr
happened, conid nothing impaire their credits: Yet in regard of the Kings last promisr, limt
hee should haue that night 3000. men armed of his owne Countrey, he would not for that
night dislodge. And if they came, thereby to make him so strong, that hee might send the
like number for his munition, he would resolue to trie his fortinie for the Towne. Hut if
they came not, he found it not conucnient to diiiide his forces, 1)y sending anie to Casraii,
and keeping a Remainder behinde, silhence he saw them the ilay before so boldly sally vpdii
his whole Armie, and knew that thcv were stronger of Soldiers armed within the Towne, ih.m
hee was wiiluuit : And that before our relume could be front ("ascai-i, that thev expciioil
more sujiplics from all places of .Sou Idler", for the Duke of Hragantia, and Don l'ran(i>.((Mle
Toledo were looked for with gre;it rcliefe. Whereupon liis conclnsion was, that if the JlHA),
promised, came not (hat night, to marc h wholly away ihe next morning.

It may bee here demanded, why a matter of so gre.il moment should be so slenderlic re-
garded, a-, that tl>- (iener.dl should march with such an Armie a!;ainst such an Enemir, licfrre
iu'i- knewe cill'.er the fulnes of his owne strength, orcerlaine mcanes how he should aliide
the |)la(e when he should come to it. Wherein I pray you remember the Decree niailein the
(■•innccll ;it I'cniclia, and confirmed by publicjue proie»iati(<n the lirst day of our march, that
onr Niiuie should mcele vs in the Riuer of Lisbone, in the whii h was the store of all our pm-
ui-ions, \- so the me.in of our tariance in that place, which came not, though we continued
till we had no Munition left toentertaine a \erie small figlit. We are also to coiisicUr ili.it
the King if rorling.ill (whether tarried away with imagination by the aducrtiscnu-nis lice rc-
ceiued from the I'orlingalls, or willing by any pnmiise to bring such an .\rmie into his
Coun'ric, tliertby to put his fortune once more in triall) assured the (ienerall, that v|)poii his
first landing, ilicic wi iild be a rcuolt of his subicc ts : whereof there was some hope gincn at
our first emrie to I'cnicha, by the manner of the ycelding of that Towne and fort, which

made

%■

77/c late Voyage of

,to signifie their loyaliie
pon the Gencrall lunded
ot without peril! of the
Ide still ngnynst him.

Road, there was a small
md seemed by striking

fittest occasion, hoysed
ntly discerning her pur-
)rt, a» she ranne her selfe
(being mnnie chests of
;ther also, he tooke ships
le other from Pedro Ver.
nd victiialls to Lisbone:
General Norris to cal a] ^
expedient to tarrie ihcre
ving had made promise,
crie and munition, which
uicc, was brougiit aloiiir
Antonio, that most part of
) send some 3(K)0. for our
ten the day before, would
ng of aiiie hope from the
anic longer carried away
rhc Gencrall, not willing'
:;<iing fr n lliencc, norio
Ic them, that though the
mrncy, but an aducnturc
licii'iitly rich, & wondcr-
•rcof, as what endc sociicr
(• Kings last promise, ilmt
ey, he would not for ili:it
that hce miglit sciul liic
for llie Towiie. Hut if

■sending anic to Ca-caiw,
riorc so Ixildly sally \|)(iii

1 within the Townc, than
scnis, that they cxpcucil
tin, and Den rran(iv((i(le
sion vas, tiiat if the 'MjV.
iniing.

lionUl i)c so >Ienilcrlic rc-
isl xurh an Ivncmic, Ijff.rc-
.ini's how h(* slum 1(1 :il)iile
)cr the Decree male in the
Irst day of our niarili, tlut
iW the store of all our pro-
not, though wc coiitiiiucd

are also to coiisiilcr that
llu- aducrtiscnuMits hcc rc-
)g •iiicli an Armic into his
(• (rctuTall, that vppc)n his
f was some hope giucn at
It Townc and fort, which
made

Spaine and Portingalc. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

made the Gencrall thinke it most conuenient ^peedilie to march to the prinripall place,
thereby to giue courage to the rest of the Countrie. The friers also and the poore people
that came vnto him, promised that within two dales ^ Gentlemen and others of the Countrie
would come plentifully in : within which two dales came manie more Priestes, and some vcrie
fewe Gentlemen on horsebacke ; but not till we came to Toras Vedras, where they that noted
J course of things how they passed, might somewhat discouer the wcakcnes of that people.
There they tooke two dales more: and at the ende thereof, referred him till ourcomming to
Lisbone, with assurance that so soone as our Armie should be seene there, all the inhabitants
would be for the King and fall vpnn the Spaniards.

After two nights tarriancc at I.isbone, the King, as you haue heard, promised a supplic of
3000. footc, and some horse : but all his appoyntments being expired, eiien to the hst of a
night, all his horse could not make a Cornet of 40. nor his foote furnish two Ensignes fuUie,
although they carried three or foure Colours : and these were altogether such as thought to
inrich themselues by the ruine of their neighbors : for they committed more disorders in eucric
place wher we came by spoyle, tha any of our own.

The Gencrall, as you see hauing done more than before his comming out of England
was required by the King, and giuen credite to his many promises euen to the breach of the
last, he desisted not to prrswadc him to stay yet nine dales longer: in which time he
might haue engaged himselfe further, than with any honor he could come out of againe,
by attempting a Towne fortiticd, wherein were more men armed against vs, than wee had
to appugne them with all our Artillarie and Munition, being fifteene miles from vs, and our
men then declining ; for there was the first shewe of any great sicknes amongst them.
Whereby it seemeth, that cither his Prelacie did much abuse him in pcrswading him to
hopes, whereof after two or three daics he sawe no semblance ; or he like a sillie loucr,
who jiromiseth himselfe fauour by importuning a coy mistris, thought by our long being
before his Towne, that in the ende taking pitie on him, they would let him in.

What end the friers had by following him with such deuotion, I knowe not, but sure I
am, the Laitie did respite their homage till they might see which way the victorie would
sway ; fearing to shewe themselues apparantlie vnto him, least the Spaniard should after
our departure (if we preuailed not) call them to accompt: yet sent they vnder hand
messages to him of obedience, thereby to saue their owne if he became King ; but in-
dcede verie well contented to sec the Spaniards and vs trie by blowcs, who should Carrie
away the Crownc. For they bee of so base a mould ; as they can verie well subiect them-
selues to any gouernmcnt, where ihey may line free fro blowes, and haue libertie to be-
come rich, being loath to endure hazard either of life or goods. For durst they haue put
on anie minds throughly to rcuolt, they had three wondcrfull good occasions offered them
during our being there.

Titemsclues did in generall confcsse, that there were not aboue .5000. Spaniards in that
part of the Countrie, of which number the halfe were out of the Towne till the last day of
our march : during which time, how casilic thcv might haue preuailed against the rest, any
man may coiiceiue. But vpon our approach they tooke them all in, and combined them-
selues in generall to the Cardinall.

The next day after our comming thelhcr when the sallio was made vppon vs by their
most resolute Spaniards how casilic might tlicy haue kept llicm out, or haue giuen vs the
Gate which w.as held for their retreale, if they had had an\ thought thereof.

And two daics after our comming to Cascaics, when OIKIO. Spaniards and Portingalls came
against vs as farrc as .S. lulians bv land, as von shall prcscntlic heare, (all which time I
thinke there were not many S|)aniaicK left in the Towiic) ihcy had a more fit occasion to
shewe their deuotion to tiie King, than any cculd be ollcrcd by our tarrying there. And
they could not doubt, that if they had shut them out, but that wc would haue fought with
them vpon that aduanlage, hauing sought thtiii in (lalitia vpon disaduantage to bcate them:
ami hauing taken so much paincs to sccke them at their owne houses, whereof wee gaue
Kunicient testimonie in the same accident. Ihit 1 thinke the fcarc of the Spaniard had

4 E 2 taken

579

J'^- >

•I

580 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The late Voyage of

taken so dccpc impression within them, as they durst not attempt any thing against them
vpon nnic hazard.

Tor, what ciuiii Country hath eucr 8uft'rcd themsclucs to be conquered by so few men as
they were; to be dcpriucd of their natural! King, and to be tyrannized oucr thuH long but
tl'ey ? And what Cminfrev lining in slauerie vndcr a stranger whom they naturally hate :
hauing an Armic in tlie Held to light for them & their libertie, would lie still with the yoke
vpon their nerket, attending if anie strangers would vnburthe them, without so much as
rousing thenisehus vndcr it but they? They will promise much in spcaches, for they bee
;>,reat talkers, wiinni the (lencrall lind no rca-ion to distrust without triall, & therefore
man lud on into their Ciuiiitrey : But they pcrfounned little in action, whereof wee could
h.iuc lui I no pidol'e without this thorough triall. Wherein hcc hath discoucred their weak-
Uisse, and honorably performed more than could be in reason expected of him : which
had he not done, would not these malingners who sccke occasions of slander, haue re-
ported him to l)ce suj-piiious of a people, of whose infldelilic he h.id no tcstimonic: and to
be liarfiill without cause, if he had refused to giue crcditc to their promises without anie
aduentiire? Let no friuolous (iiicstionist therefore further enquire, why he marched so
manic daves to Li>b(inc, and tarried there so small a wiiile.

'flu- next nidrnin!;, seeing no performance of promise kept, he gaue order for our
marchini;; away : hiniselfe, the Karlc of Essex, and Sir Roger VVilliams remaining with the
Stande that was made in the high strcate, till the whole Armic was drawnc into the field
and so marched out of the Towne, appoynting Captain Richard VVingfield, and Captaine
Antlionie \Vin;;(ield in the Arrereward of them with the shot; thinking that the Kncmie (as
it was most likclic) would haue issued out vppon our rising; but they were othci-
^^ise aduised.

When we were come info the field, cucrie Battalion fell into that order which by course
appertained \nto them, and so marched that night vnto ("asraies. Had wee marched
thrdujili his Countrie as enemies, our Souldicrs had been well supplied in all their waiiti:
but IkuI wee niailc enemies of the Suburbs of Lisbone, wee had been the richest Armic
tJiut eucr went out of KnLiland : fur besides the particnler wealth of eiierie house, there
were manv warehouses hy tlir water siile lull of all sorts of rich Marchandi/es.

In our march that day, the Ciullies which had somewhat, but not niiuh, annoved vs at
Lisbone, (for that our way lay along the riuer) attended vs till we were past S. luliai's
bestowing many shot aniony:st vs, but did no harme at all, sailing they strooke off a priijaie
(icntlcmai)s leg^e, and killed the Sergeant ^Lliors movie viuler him. The horsemen also
followed \,s a Carre of, and cut off as many sickc men as were not able to hold in marcii,
lUir \^e had carriajre lor.

Alter we had l:ecn two dales at Casrais, wee had intelligence by a frier, that the Encmie
was niartiiini; strongly towards \s. and then come as farre as S. lulians: which ncwes was mi
wcicome to the Larle of I>se\ anil the (ieneralls, as thcv nirered cucrie one of tliein Id
giue ilic messenger a hundred C'rownes if ihey found them in the place: for the {ienrrall
desiring nothins; more th :n to li;;l)t with them in field roume, dispatched that niylit a
me-senger with a 'fronipef, by wlmm lie writ a Carlcll to the Gcnenill of their Annie,
wherein le giuethem the lie, in that it was by them rc|)ortcd that we disl(Hlgcd from Li-bDiii-
in (lixinicr and feare of them (which indccde was most false) lor that it was flue of the
( 1(11 k ill the ninrniiig belorc \:cc fell into Amies, and then went in -.uch sort, as thcv hail
no Courage to lojlowe ( uf \p(in vs. Also he challenged him therein, to meetc him the
nextc uioriiin^ with his whole Armic, if he durst attend his comming, and there to trie nut
the iu«incs cf their <|uarrcll by battaile : by whom also the Laric of E>sck (who prderrin;;
the honor of the cause, whiih w.is his (,'ountries, before his owne safciic) sent a j)arli(ulrr
Carii'll, oH'cring hiniseU'e a);ainst any of theirs, if they had any of his qualitie: or if thcv
would not admit of that, sise, <'iglit, or tcnnc, or as many as they would ap|)oynt, should
inccic so manv of theirs in the head of our Battaile to trie their fortunes with them, and
that they should haue assurance uf their rcturnc and honorable iutrcatic.

The

The late Voyage of
any thing again§t them

lered by so few men -m
7.ecl ouer thuH long but
im they naturally hate :
I lie Hiill tvith the yoke
;m, without so much as

speachcs, for they bee
out trinll, & thcrcrorc
on, whereof wee coiiKl

(liscoucrcd their weak-
xpected of him : which
MA of tilandcr, haue re-
:l no tcstimonie: and to

promittes without anie
e, why he marched so

he gaue order for our
ams remaining with the
4 drawnc into the field,
Vlnglield, and Captaine
kiii^ that the Knemic (as
; but they were othci-

t order which by course
icN. Mad wee marrhcd
)plied in all their wants:
been the riihest Arniic
h of eucric house, there
ircliandi/cs.

lot iniuh, annoyed vs nt
we were past S. IiiliaiN,
(hey >itr<iokc oir a priuaio
liin. Tlie horsemen also
: able to hold in march,

a frier, that the F.ncniip
ans: which ncwes was xi
I cucrie one of them to
• place : for the (icnrrnll

dispat»heil tiiat ni>;ht i
General! of tlicir Arm c,
,c dislodncd from I.i-bi)i,o

for that it was liuc nf itic

in "<uch sort, as tlu>y hi'l
crcin, to meeie him tlic
inj.', and there to trie mit
f Essex (who prcl'iTriii'^

safctie) sent a panic uicr

his qiialilie : or il" they
V wou!<l ap|)(iynt, should

fortunes with them, and
catic.

The

Spaine and Portiitgale. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERICS.

The Generall accordingly made all his Armic readie by three of the clocke in the morn-
ing and marched euen to the place where they had encamped, but they were dislodjrcd in
the night in great disorder, being taken with a sodaine fcare that we had been come
vpon them, as the Generall was the next daye certeinly informed: so as the Trumpet
followed them to Lisbone, but could not get other answere to either of his letters,
but threatning to bee hanged, for daring to bring such a message: howbcit the
Generall had caused to bee written vppon the backside of their pasporf, jr if they
did ofler any violence vnto the messengers, he would hang the best prisoners he had
of theirs: which made them to aduisc better of the matter and to returne them home, but
without answrre.

After our Armie came to Cascais, and the Castle sommoned, the Casiillan thereof
graunted, that vpon Ihie or sixe shot of the Cannon hee would deliuer the same, but not
without sight thereof. The Generall thinking that his distresse within had been such for
want of men or viclualls as he could not hold it many dales, because he sawe it otherwise
defencible enough, determined rather to make him yecid to that nccessitie, than to bring
the Cannon, and therefore onlie set a gard vpon the same, least anie sup|)lie of those
things which hce wanted should bee brought vnto them. Hut he still standing vpon those
conditions, the Generall about two dales before he determined to goc to Sea, brought three
or foure peeces of batterie against it : vpon the first tire whereof he rendered, and com-
pounded to goc away with his baggage and Armcs: he had one Cannon, two Culuerings,
one Basiliske, and three or foure other field pect'cs, threescore and fiue Souldicrs, vcrie
good store of munition, and victuals enough in the Castle; insomuch as hee might haue
held the sauie longer than the Generall had in purpose to tnrie there. One Companie of
foot men was put into the garde tliereof, til tiie Artiilarie was taken out, & our Armie em-
barked ; whirl) without hauing that fort, we could not without great perill haue done. W hen
we were readie to set saile (one halfe of the fort being by order from the General blownc
vp by myne) tlie Companie was drawne away.

During the lime we lay in the Hoad, our (lecte began the second of lune, and so con-
tinued sixe tiaics after to fetch in some hulks to tlie number of (iO. of Dansik, Staten, Ras-
tock, LuImt, and Hamburgh, laden with Spanish gooils, and as it seemed for the Kings
i)rouision, and going for Lisbone : their principall lading was Corne, Mastcs, Cables, Cop-
per and Waxe: amongst which were some of great burthen woiiderfull well builded for sail-
ing, which had no great lading in them, and therefore it was thought that they were brought
for the Kings prouisicm, to reinforce his decaied Nauie : whereof there was the greater like-
lihood, in that the owner of the greatest of them, which carried two Misncs, was knowne to
be verie inward with the Cardiiiall, who rather hee would be taken with his ships, committed
himselfc vnto his small boate, wherein he recoucred S. Sebastians. Into the which our men,
that bcf( re were in llecboates, were shipped, and the (Iceboatcs sent home with an otTer
nf Corne to the value of their hire. Rut the wind being good for them for Rochcl, they
chose rather to lose their Come tiuin the wimie, and so departed. The Generall also sent his
horses with them, and from thence siiipped them into England.

The third of lune, Colonell Deuereuv and Colonell Sulney, being both vcrie sicke, de-
parted for England, who in the whole iourney had shewed theinsciues veric forward to all
seruices, and in their departure verie vnwilliug to Icaue vs; that day wc embarked all our
Armie, but lav in the Road vnlil the eigljt tiu'reof.

The sixtday the Earle of Essex, vpon receipt of letter; from her Maiestie, by them that
brought in the \ictualls, presentlie departed towards England, with whom Sir Roger Williams
was verie desirous to goe, Init found the Generals verie vnwiliing he should do so, in y he
bare the next place vnto them, and if they should luiscarrie, was to commaund the Armie.
And the same day there came vnto vs two small Rarkes that brought tidings of some otiier
shippes come «)Ut of England with victualls, which were passed vpwards to the Cape: for
meeting with whom, the second day after wee set saiie for that pl.ice, in purpose after our
meeting with them to goe to the ilcit of Azores the liecoiid day, w hich was the ninth, wee

met

.^.81

i 'fti;

582 VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, Tfie late Voyage of

inrt with (hem cnmming hnrkc againe towarcU v*, whmie prouiiinn little aniiwercd our ex>
prclatinn. Nolwithfttanding, wc rcMoliird to rontiiuic niir cotirMC for the IIuikIn.

About thif* time wa*i the Marchant Hoyal, with three nr foure other nhippeti Rent to Penicha,
to fetch away tlic Companies that were left there ; but Captaine Barton hailing receiued
letters from the (icneralU that were sent ouerlaiid, wan departed i)cf()re, not being able by
reason of the enemie* upeedie marclWng thether, either to bring away the Arlillarie, or all
bis men, according to the direction \\w*r lettcm gaue him ; for hee was no itooner gcme, tiian
the Eiicmic possessed the Towne and Castle, and sliut at uur Hhipn m they came into the
Hoad.

At this time also was the Amba-iiador from the F.mpcronr of Nforoco, called Rays Ilamet
neiicasamp, returned, and with him Master Ciprian, a (Jentleman of good place and dctart,
was sent from Don Antlinnio, and Caplaine Ouflcy from the (Senerals, to the Kmperour.

The next innrnin^, the nine CJallies which were sent not fine daies before out of Andain.
fiia lor the strengthening of the riuer of I-isbonc (which being ioyned with the other tweluc
tliat were there before, though wee lay hard by them at S. lulians, diinit neuer make any
alli-mpt against vs vppon our departure from thence) were returning home, and in the morn-
ing being a veric dead calme, in the dawning thereof fell in the winde of our fleetc, in the
Miermn.st part whereof they assailed one ntragling IJarke of Plymouth, of the which Captaine
Cauerly being Captaine ol the land Companie, with his Lieutenant, the Masitcr, and some
(if the Marrincrs abandoned the shij)pe, and betooke them to tiie ^hip boalcs, whereof one,
in which the Master & the Captain wcr, was ouerrun with the (Jallies, and they drowned.
Tliere was also two hulks straglcd farro from the strength of tl\e other ships, which were in
r:ilinc(l, as neitlur they could get to vs, nor we to them, thougii all the great ships towed
with their boates to hauc rclieued them, but could not be rccourrcd ; in one of wiiich was
C.i|)laine Minsliaw wiili iiis Companie, who fought with them to the lust, yea after his ship wai
«in /ire, wliich wlietlier it was (ired by hinisclfc or by them we could not well di-.cerne, but
iniglit en-^iiie iudge bv his long and good fight, that the Mneinie could not but sustrine niiicli
Iwsc. who setting also vpon one other hulk wherein wis but a Lieutenant, and he verie sirko,
were liy the valour of the Lieutenant put ofl", although they had (irsi beaten her with their
Arlillarie, and attempted to board her. And seeing also one other hulke a league of, a hterneof
V S tliey made towards her ; but flnding that she made readie to light with them, they durst not
further attempt lirr : whereby it seemed their losse being great in the other fights, they were
luath to jirm red any further.

I'rom tliat day till the 19. of lune, our direction from the Generall was, that if the winde
were Niirtherlic wee should jdie for the Azores; but if Soutlierlie, for the lies of IJayon,

Wee lay with conlrarie vriiulcs about that place and the Hocke, till the Southerlie wind
preiiailing carried v.s to IJayon, part of our ships to the number of 'iS. in a great windo
which was two dayes before, hauing lost the Admiralls and lieete, acconling to their <lircr.
tion, fell in the morning of that day with Bayon, among whoine, was Sir Ilenrie Norris in
the Ayde : who had in purpose (if the Admiralls had not come in) with some 5CN). men
out of them all to hauc landed, and attempted the taking of Vigo. The rest of the fleete
lielde with (ienerail Drake, who tiiough he were two dayes before put vppon those Islandes,
cast oir agaiiie to sea for the Azores; but remembring how vnprouided he was for that lour-
iiey, & seeing that he had lost manic of his great ships, returned f.ir Hayim, and came ia
tiiere that night in the Euening, where he passed vp the riuer more than a mile aliouc \'i;;o.

The next morning wc landed as manie as were able to fight, which were not in the
whole aboue ii(KJO. men, (for in the 17. daves wee continued on boord wee had cast manic
of our men ouer boord) with which number the Colonell Generall marched to the Towne
(if Vigo, neare the wliicii when hee approached, bee sent Captaine Anthonie Winglield
with a Troope of shot to enter one side ol the same, who found vpon eiieric titreetes end a
strong Barricade, but altogether abandoned : for hauing entered the Towne, he found but
one man therin, but might see them making way before him to Bayon. On the other side
of the Tuwnc eiitrcd Generall Drake with Captaine Kichard Wingticld, whusc approach on

that

The lalt Foi/nge of

Spaine and PorlinKaU. TRAFTIQUES, AND DISCOUERIFS.

that nitlr (I thinkc) made ihrm Icnue the plares they hnd no artificially mndc Tor dcrencn:
thrrc were oIko certainc iihi|w Ncnt with the Vii^eadmiraii to lye clone before the Towne, to
brntc v|)()ii the Name with their artillnrie.

In the nftcrnoone were hciu ;KX), viid.-r the conduct of Cnptainc Petuin nrid Ciipiaine
Hcnrie Pourc, to biirnc anothrr vilbg< iT^twtt that & Hayon, called llorsix, & :i4 mnrh
of the Coimlrcy ai* the day wouM Riuo them Icagc to don; which wa* a vi-ric pIcnHaiit rii h
Valley, but they burnt it all, hoUNCH and torne, ai did other* on the other !<ide of ilie
Towne, both that and the niAt day, mo ai the- Country was opoyled ^ciien or ei;{ht mile* in
len)5lh. There wan found ^reat store of wine in the ("wnc, but iirii anie thiny;f!i; for the
other daies warning of the nhipn that came first in, gauf ih^m a respite |i.) carric all away.

The next morning by bicake of the day, ,' '" ("oloneil (icuprall, (who in al)sence of the
Generalls that were on boord their ships comm iidal that nij^fit on shore) caused all our
Companies to be drawcn out of the Towne, and sent in (wo Tnops to put /ier in eucrie huii-c
of the same, which done we imbarl^ed anaine.

This day, there were tertaine Marririerst (without anie direction) put themschicson shoarc,
on the contrarie side of the Hiiier from vs, lor pillage; who w< re beaten by the Knemie
from their boales, and piniished by the CJencrails for their oder, in goinj( withcmt allowance.
The reasons why we attempted nolhiiijj; ajjainst Hayon, were before shewed Ut hoc want of
artillarie, and may now be allcdgcd to be the small number of our men : who should haiie
jTiinc against so strong a place, manned with verie good souldiers, as wa-i showed by luindc
Vera taken at the (iroync, who confessed that there were (WH). olde Souldiers in (iarrison
there of I'landers, and the Ten ios of Naples, lately also returned out of the lourney of Un-
uland : vnder the leading of Capitan I'uebla.
C'hri^lolcro Wisques de Viralla, a Souldier of Flanders.
Don IVtro Caniastho, de tercio de Napoies.
Hon rran(is( o de Cespedes.
C.ipl. luan de .Stjlo, de tercio dc Napolen.
J)(iii Diego de ('as.iaua.
("apt. Sauban.

Aim) he saith, there be IH. pceccs ofbrasse, and foure of yron lately iayj vppon the walF4
of the Towne, be-iiles them iliat were there before.

I'he .same day the (ieneralls seeing what wcake estate our .\rmic wa"* drawen into by sick-
ncssc, determined to man and viituall 'iO. of liie best ships for the Islandes of A<;ores with
(lencrall Drake, to see if he could meete with the Indian lieele, and (icner.tll Norris to re-
lume home with the rest. And for the shifting of men and victualls aeconlingly, purposed
tiie next morning to l.iil downe to the Islands of Hayon againe, and to remaine there that
ilase. but (jenerall Drake anording to their appo\ntment being vnder sayle, neuer sfrookc
at the Islaiulcs, but put sliainht to sea ; whom all the tieete followed sauing 3H. which being
in tlie Uiucr further th.m he, and at the enlerancc out of the same, (inding the winde and
tiiie loo h.ird aijainst thcni, were inl'iTied to ea^t Anker tiierc lor that night : amongst whom,
by good foriune was the I'uresinlit, and in her Sir Fdward Ndrris. And the night f(dlo>.ing,
(ienerall Norris being drinen Imm the rest of the lieete by a great storme, (for all that daye
was the ;;realest storn\e we had all the time we were out) eaine agaync into the Islands, but
not wilhout great perill, hee Ix-eing iorccd to trust to a Spanish fisher-man (who was taken
two daycs before at sea) to bring him in.

The next morning he called a Counull of as manic a'i he found there, holding the jnir-
pose he h.ad before concluded with Sir I'rancis Drake the day before, and directed .dl their
courses for England, tar\ing there all tliat dav to water and helpe su(hwith victuall, as
were leite in wonderlMll distrcsse, by hauing the victualLs that came last, caried away tlie
day before to sea.

The next day he set sayle, I't the tenth day after, which was the second of luly came into
I'lymouth, where he Ibiuul Sir Francis Drake, iV all the (ineenes ships, witli manic of the
others, but not all : for the lleelc was di.'persed into other harbors ; some lead by a desire of

returniini

&S3

''.

-'m., » ' -

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581

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, &c.

The late Voyage of

I, /

'-1'.

;i'5 I il' fl .If: I

'U ^ Il

,1'

returning from whence they came, and some being possessed of the hulkes, sought other
Ports from their Generals eye, wher they might maiie their priuate commoditie of them, as
they haiie done to tlieir great aduantage.

Presently vpon their arriuall there, the Generals dissoltied all the Armie, sauing 8. Com-
panics, which are yet held together, giuing eucric Sonldier fine shillings in money, and the
Armes he bare to make moiiey of, which was more than could by anie mcanes be due vnto
the ; for they were in scruice three months, in which time they had their victualls, which no
man will value at lesse than halfc their pay; for such is the allowance in her Maiesties ships
to her Marriners, so as there remained but ten shillings a month more to be paid, for which
there was not any priuate man but had apparell and furniture to his own vse, so as eucric
common Souldier discharged, recc>;ued more in money, victualls, apparell, and furniture,
than his pay did amount vnto.

Notwitlistandinji, there be eucn in the same place wher those things haue passed, that
either doo not or will not conccaue the Souldicrs estate, by comparing their pouertic and
llif shortnesse of the time together, but lay some iniuries vpon the Generalls and the action.
Where, and by the way, but especiallie here in London, I finde there haue been some false
prophets gone before vs, telling straunge tales: foras our Countrey doth bring forth manic
jiailant men, who desirous of honour, doo put themselues into the actions thereof, so dooth
if manic n)ore dull spirited, who though their thoughtes reach not so high as others, yet doo
they listen how other mens acts doo passe, and eyther bcleeuing what anic man will rcpnrt
viifo ihein, are willingly raried away into errors, or tied to some greater mans faith, be-
come secretaries against a noted truth. The one sort of these do take their opinions from the
higb way side, or at the fanlest gee no farther than Paules to enquire what hath been done
ill tiiis Vovagc : wlicr^ , if they nicctc with anic, whose capacitie before their going out could
U't make tin in line, nor llicir \ alour maintain their rejiutation, and who went onely for spoylc,
(•on)])!.i\iiii)g on the hardncssc and miserie thereof, they thinke they are bound to giue crc-
(liir to these honest nun who were parties therein, and in verie charitie become of their opi-
nions. 'I'lie others to make ijood the fiution they are entred into, if they see anic of those
niak'ccnienis (as eucrie iouriioy yeelilcth .s-inic) doo niiine vnto them like tempting spirits
to contirmc them in tiieir humour, with assurance that they forcsawc before our going out
what would become thereof.

He ye not therefore too credulous in beleeuing eucric report, for you see there haue been
many more beliolders of these things y haue passed, tha actors in the same ; who by their
experience, not hauing the knowledge of the ordinarie wants of the warre, haue thou;;ht
that to lie hard, not to haue their nu-ate well dressed, to drinke sometimes water, to watch
much, or to sec men die ami be slaine, was a miserable thing ; and not hauing so giiien tlicir
minds to tlie seruice as ihev arc anv thing instructed thereby, doo for want of better matter
di.-coiirse orJinarilie of tiie-e things : whereas the iournev (if they had with that iudgcmcnt
seen into it, and as their places required) hath giiien them farre njore honorable purpose
and arijument of discourse.

Tl^sc mens iliscontentmcnts and mislikings before our eomtning home, haue made me In-
b< '!r thus much to instruct you in the ecrleintie of eiierie thing, because I would not willinglic
haue vou miscarried in the iudgements of them, wherein you shall giue me leaue somewhat
to delate v|)on a (piestion, which I onlie touched in the beginning of my letter, namclir,
whether it I)ce mi re expedient for our estate to maintaine an <'frcnsiue warre against the
King of Spaine in the Lowe Countries, or as in this ionrnev, to oflend him in his nerrer Ter-
ritories, seeing the grouixls of arguing thereof are taken from the experience which the ac-
tions t)f this iourn(-Y haue giiieii vs.

There is no good suhiecl tliat will make question whether it bee behoofefull for vs to hold
frii iul-hi|) with these neighbours of ours or no, as well in respect of the infinite j)roporti(iii
of their sliippiiig, which must stand either with vs or against vs ; as of the commoditie of
their harbors, cspei iailie that of Vlishinc, bv the faiiour wherof our Nauie mav couiimialiie
kc (jjc the Narrow Seas, and which woulil harbour a greater fleete against vs, than the S])a-

ni.ird

The late Voyage of

Spaine and Portlngale. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

niard shall neede to annoy vs withall ; who being now distressed by our common Enemie,
I thinke it most expedient Tor our safetie to defend them, and if it may bee to giuc them a
reentrie into that they haiie of late ycares lost vnto him. The one without doubt her Maies-
tie may doo without difiicultie, and in so honorable sort as he shall neuer be abletu dispos-
sesse her or them of any the townes they now hold. But if any man thinke that the Spa-
niard may bee expelled from thence more speedilie, or conuenientlie by keeping an Armie
there, than by sending one agaynst him into his own Countrie : let him foresee of how many
men and continuall supplies that Armie must consist, and what intollerable expences it re-
quireth. And let him thinke by the example of the Duke of Alua, when the Prince of
Orrenge had his great Armie against him : and of Don lohn, when the States had their mightie
assemblie against him, how this wise Enemie, with whom wee are to deale, may but by pro-
longing to fight with vs, leaue vs occasions enough for our Armie within fewc moneths to
mutiiie and breake ; or by keeping him in his Townes leaue vs a spoyled field : where though
our prnuision may be such of our owne as we starue not, yet is our weakncs in any strange
Countrie such, as with sicknes and miseric we shall be dissolucd. And let him not forget
what a continuall burthen wee hereby lay vpon vs, in th.it to repossesse those Countries
which haue been lately lost, will be a warre of longer continuance than wee shall be able
to endure.

In the verie action whereof, what should hinder the King of Spaine to bring his forces
home vnto vs ? for it is certaine he hath long since set downc in Counceil, that there is no
w.iy for him whollie to recouer those Lowe Countries, but by bringing the warre vppon En-
gland it selfe, which hath alwaies assisted them against him : and that being determined, and
wlicreunto he hath been vehcmentlie vr^ed by the last yecres losse he susteineJ vppon our
Coasts, and the great dishonor this iourney hath laid vpon him ; no doubt if we shall giue
him respite to doo it, but he will mightelie aduance his purpose, for he is richlie able thereunto,
and wonderfull desirous of rcuenge.

To encounter wherewi(h, I wish euen in true and honest zcale to my Countrie, that wee
were all perswaded that thvrc is no such assured meanes for il>e safi-tie of our estate, as to
biisic him with a well furnished Armie in Spaine, which hath so many gooillie Bayes open,
as wee mav land witiiout impeachment as many men as shall be needfull for such an inua-
«ion. And hauing an Armie of twcnlie thousand royallic furnished there, wee shall not neede
to fake much cire for their paimcnt : for shall not Lisbone be thought able to make so fcwe
men rich, when the Suburb-* thereof were found so abounding in riches, as had we made
enemie of them, they had largely inrirhed vs all? which with what small losse it maybe
wonne, is not here to shewe ; but why it was not wonne bv vs, 1 hnue herein shewed you.
Oris not the spoyle of ("iuili sullirient to pav more tiiaii sliall be nccdl'iill to be sent against
it, whose defence (as that of Lisbone) is oiilic force of men, of whom how many may for
the present bee raised, is not to be esteemed, because wee haue discouercd what kinde of
men they bee ; euen such as will neuer abide ours in Held, nor dare witlistand any resolulc
attempt of ours again»l them : lor dnring the time wee were in many places of their Coun-
trie, thev cannot sav that cuer they made tweniie of our men turne ti.eir faces from them.
And l)e there not niany other places of i"sse dillicultie to s|)oyle, able to satislie our forces f
But .idmit that if vpon this Alarme that wee haue giucn him, he tcndring his natural! and
necrest sovle before his further renvued ofl" gouernments, do drawe his forces of old Soul-
diers out of the Low Countries for his own defence, is not the vitiorie then wonne by draw-
ing and holding them from thence, lor the whi( h we should haue kept an Armie there at a
char^je by manv parts greater than this, and not stirred ihem?

Admit further our Armie bee impe.iched from landing there, yet by keeping the Sea, and
possessing his principall Hoades, are wee not in possibilitie to meefe with his Indian Mer-
chants, and verie like to preuent him of his prouisions comming out of the East Countries?
without the which, neither the subiect of Lisbone is long able to line, nor the King able to
maintain his Nauie; for though the countrey of Portingall doo some yercs finde ihemselucs
come, vet .arc they nciicr able to ^ictuall the le.ist part of that Citie. And albeit the King
vot. v. -i F of

5S5

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. M.

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I I 1>.!

i '

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1 . ' c

)

1 ' ^ .li'ii

b86

VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS,

The late Voyage of

of Spainc be the richest Prince in Christendome, yet can he neyther draw cables, hew masts,
nor make powder out of his mettallft, but is to bee supplied of them all from thence. Of
whom (some will holde opinion) it is no reason to make prize, because they be not our ene-
mies : and that our disagreeance with them, will impeach the trade of our Merchants, and
so impouerish our Countrey. Of whose minde 1 can hardly be drawen to be : for, if my
enemie fighting with me doo brcake his sword, so as I therby haue the aduantage against
him; what shall I thiiike of him that puttcth a new sword into his hand to kil me withal ^
And may it not be thought more fitting for vs in these times to loose our trades of Cloath,
th:in by sulfcring these mischiefes, to put in hazard, whether we shall haiic a Countrey lefte
to moke cloth in, or no? And yet though neither Hamburgh, Embden, nor Stode doo recciue
our cloth, the necessarie vse thereof in all places is such, as they will finde meanes to fake it
from v<, with our suflicient commoditie.

And admit (which were impossible) that wee damnific him neither at sea nor land (fnr
vnlessc it bee with a much more mighiie Arniie than ours, he shall neuer be able to with-
stand \s) yet shal we by holding him at his home, free our sehies from the warre at our
owne wnllfs : the bencfitc whereof let them consider, ^ best can iudge, & haue obscriied
the differC'ce of inuading, & being inuaded ; the one gluing courage to the Souldier, in
that it dooth set before him commoditie and reputation ; the other a fearfuil terror to ihe
Countrey man, who if by chnuncc hee play the man, yet is he ncuer the richer: and who
knowing maiiie holes to hide himselfe in ; will trie them all before hee put his life in perilj
by fighting : whereas the Inuador casteth vp his accompt before he goeth out, and bcinir
abroad must fight ti make himselfe way, as not knowing what place or strength to trust vnto.
I will not say what I obserued in our Countrey men when the enemie offered to assaile vs
here : but I wish that nil England knewc wha; terror we gaue to the same people that frighted
Vs, bv visiting them at their owne houses.

Were not Alexanders fortunes great against the mightie D.irius, onely in that his Mace-
doniaiis thiri-tcd after the wealth of Persia, and were bound to fight it out to the last man, because
the last man knewc no safer wave to saue himselfe, than by fighting ? Whereas the Persians,
either trusting to continue still masters of their wealth by yeelding to the Inuador, began
to practise against their owne King : or hauing more inward hopes, did hide themscJiics
euen to the last, to see what course the Conquerour would take in his Conquest. And
did not the ailuice of Scipio, though mightely impugned at the fir-it, prone vcrie sound
an! honorable to his Countrey ? Who, seeing the Romanes wonderfully amazed at the
nearncssc of their enemies forces, and the losses they dayly sustained by them, gaue coun-
saile, rather by way of diuersion to carric an Armie into Affrirke, & there to assaile, than
by a dcfinriue warre at home to remainc subiect to the commo spoyles of an assaiiin"-
Enemie. Which being put in execution, drew the Enemie from the Gates of Rome, and
Sripio returned home witli triumph : albeit his beginnings at the first, were not so fortunate
ai::iinst the, as ours haue been in this small time against the Spaniard. The good succi.sse
whereof, niaye encourage vs to take Armes resolutely against him. And I beseech God it
may stirre \p all men that are particularly interested therein, to bethinke iheinselueM how
small a matter will assure them of their safetie, by holding the .Spaniard at a ba\, so farrc
of: whrrcas if wee giue him leaue quietly to hatch and bring foorth his preparations, it
will bee wiih danger to vs all.

lie taketli not .Armes against vs by anie pretence of title to the Crowne of this Hralrne,
nor led altoL'fther with an ambitious desire to command our Countrey, but with iiatrod
tiiwordes our whole Nation and Religion : Her Nfaiesties Scepter is alreadic giueu by Ijiill
to anotlur, the honours of our Nobilitie are bestowed for rewardes vpon his attendants, our
Clergic, i ur (Jentlemen, our Lawyers, yea all men of what condition soeuer, are olli-rcd
for s[)o\ Ic vnto the common Souldier. Let euerie man therefore in defence of the
libertie and plentie hee hath of long enioyed, ofVcr a volunlarie contribution of the
smallest part of their store for the assurance of the rest. It were not much for euerie Iii^iirc
of peace, who by his blcwc ccatc protcctcth the propercst and mtwt seruiceabic nun at

tucne

Tlie late Voyage of

draw cables, hew masts,
;m all from thence. Of
iiwe they be not ourene-
I of our Merchants, and
irawen to be : for, if my
e the aduantage against
s hand to kil me withal >
ise our trades of Cloath,
lall haiie a Countrey lefte
en, nor Stode doo receiue
(ill finde meanes to take it

ther at sea nor land ( Tor
ill neuer be able to with-
es from the warre at our

iiid<»e, & haiie obscnied
iira<'c to the Souldicr, in
cr a fcarrull terror to the
•iier the richer: and who
; hce put his life in perill

he goeth out, and being
c or strength to trust vnto.
lemic offered to assaiic vs
c same people that frighted

IS, oncly in that his Mace-
out to tiic last man, because

ingi

,„j, . Whereas the Persians,
ling to the Inuador, began
hopes, did hide thrmselucs
kc in his Conquest. And
,c first, prouc verie sound
ondrrlully amazed at the
ined by them, gauc roun-
c, & there to assaile, than
nO spoyles of an assailing;
n the Gates of Rome, and
first, were not so fortunate
niard. The good sucdssc
lim. And 1 beseech God it
, bethinke themschiCM how
Spaniard at a bav, so farrc
T foorlh his preparations, it

he Crowne of lliis Hcalme,
Countrev, but with hatred
T is alreailic giueii by Bull
Ics vpon his attendant's, our
iiulition soeuer, are ollercd
terefiirc in deri-nce of the
iinlarie contribution "I ttic
not much for cucrle histirc
id m<«t seruiceablc nu-ii at
cucric

Spaiiie and Portingale. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

euerie muster from the warres, to contribute the charge that one of these idle men doo put
him to for one yere : nor for the Lawyer, who riseth by the dissentions of his neighbors, to
take but one yeares giftes (which they call fees) out of his coffers. What would it hinder
euerie Officer of the Exchequer, and other of her Majesties Courtes, who without checke doo
sodainlie grow to great wealth, honestlie to bring foorth, the mysticall commoditie of one
yeres profites ? or the Clergie, who looke precisely for the Tenths of euerie mans increase,
simply to bring foorth the Tenth of one yeares gathering, and in thankfulnes to her Ma-
iestie, (who hath continued for all our safeties, a most chargeable warre both at land and
sea) bestowe the same for her honour and their owne assurance vppon an Armie which
may make this bloodie Enemie, so to knowe himselfe and her Maiesties power, as hee shall
bethinke him what it is to mooue a stirring people ? Who, though they hauc reccaued some
small checke by the sicknesse of this last lourney, yet doubt I not, but if it were made
knowen, that the like Voyage were to be supported by a generalitie, (that might and
would beare the charge of a more ample prouision) but there would of all sortcs most
willingly put themsclues into the same: some carried with an honorable desire to be in
action, & some in loue of such, would afliictionately folhjw their fortunes, some in thirst-
ing to reuenge the death and hearts of their brethren, kindred, and friends : and some in
hope of the plentiful spoyles to be found in those Counlreyes, hauing been there alreadic
and returned poore, would desire to goe againe, with an expectation to make amends for
the last : and all, in hatred of that cowardly proud Nation, and in contemplation of
the true honor of our own, would with courage take Armes, to hazard their Hues
a^ainst them, whom euerie good English man is in nature bound to hate as an implacable
Enemie to England, thirsting after our blood, and labouring to ruine our land, with hope to
bring vs vnder the yoke of perpetuall slauerie.

A'^ainst tiietn is true honour to bee gotten, for that wee shall no sooner set footc in
their land, b'lt that eucry steppe we tread will \et'lil vs nt-we occasion of action,
which I wish the gullantrie of our Countrie rather to rcgardc, than to followc those
soft vnprofitable pleasures, wherein they now consume their time and patrimonie.
And in two or three Townes of S|)ainc is the wealth of all Europe gathered together,
which are the Mag.asins of the fruits and prolites of the East and West Indies: where-
unto I wish our young able men, who against the libcrtie they are borne vnto, (terme
thcmselues Seruing men) rather to bend their desires and affections, than to attend their
double liuerie and fortie shillings by the yearc wages, and the reiu-rsion of the old
Coppie-hold, for carrying a dish to his masters table. But let me here reprehend my
seile and crane pardon, for entring into a matter of such state and consetpience, the
care whereof is alreadie laid vpon a most grauc and honorable Councell, wlu) will in
their wisedonies foresee the dangers that may bee threatned against vs. And why do I
Labour to disquiet the srruriiie of these happic (iciitlemen, &: the trade of those honest
Seruing men, bv perswadiiig them to tiie warrC'', when I sec the profession thereof so
slenclcrlie esteemed ? for though al our hope of peace bee frustrate, and our quarells
determinable bv the sword : though our Ilneniie liath by his own forces and his
pencionaries induslrie, ccmlined the vnited I'rouinces into a narrowe roume, and al-
most disunited the same: if he be now in a good wav to harbour iiiinselle in the
principall Ilaiiens of France, from whence ho may frunt vs at plea-ure : yea though
wee are to hope f^r nothing but a bloudie warre, nor can trust to any heipe but
Armes; vet how farre the common sort are from reuercncing or regardint; aiiv persons of
Conduction, was too apparent in the returne of tliis our iouriiev, wlicrein the base
and commim souldicr hath been tollerated to speake against the Captaine, and the
souldicr and Captaine against the (ieneralls, :nid wherein inechanicall and men of base
condition doo dare to censure the dooings of them, of whose acts they be not worthie
to talke.

The auncient graue degree of the Prelacic is vphelde, though Martin rayle neuer so much,
and the Lawyer is after the oldc manner worshipped, whosoeuer inueigh against him; But

4 V y the

687

mmm

ff ! '-ftp!

ill

i . , I

1^' 'I

588 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The late Voyage of

the aiincient English honour is taken from our Men of Warre, and their Profession in disgrace,
though neuer so necessarie. Either we commit Idolatrie to Neptune, and will put him alone
still to fight for vs as he did the last yere, or we be inchanted with some diucllish opinions,
that trauaile nothing more than to diminish the reputation of them, vpon whose shoulders
the burthen of our defence against the Enemie must lie when occasion shall be offered. For
whensoeuer he shall set foote vpon our land, it is neither the preaching of the Clergie that
can turne him out againe, nor the pleading of any Lawyers that can remoue him out of pes-
session : no, then they will honour them whom now they thinke not on, and then must those
men stand betweene them and their perills, who are now thought vnworthie of any esti-
mation.

May the burning of one Towne (which cost the King then being, sixe times as much as
this hath done her Maicstie, wherein were lost seauen times as many men as in any oneser-
uice of this iourney, and tarried not the tenth part of our time in the Enemies Counirie)
bee by our elders so highly reputed, and sounded out by the historie of the Rcalme ; and
can our voyage be so meunlie esteemed, wherein wee burned both Townes and Countries
without the losse of fortie men in any such attempt?

Did our Kings in former times reward some with the greatest titles of honour for oner-
throwing a number of poore Scots, who after one battaile lost, were ncuer able to reenforce
themselues against him ,* and shall they in tiiis time who haue oiierthrowne our mightie Ene-
mie in battaile, and taken his royall Standerd in the field, besieged the Marques of Saralba
fifteene dales together, that should haue been the Gencrall of the Armic against vs, hrmiaht
away so much of his Artillarie (as I haue before declared) be vnworthclie esteemed of?

Is it possible that some in some times should receiue their reward for looking vppon an
Enemie, and ours in this time not receiue so much as thankes, fur hauing beaten an Eneinic
at handle strokes?

But it is true, that no man shall be a Prophet in his Countrey : and for my owne part, I
will lay aside my Armes till that p'-ifession shall haue more reputation, and Hue with my
friends in the Countrey, attending either some more fortunate time to vse them, or some
other good occasion to make me forget them.

But what ? shall the blind opinion of this Monster, a beast of many heads, (for so hath
the generaltie of old been termed) cause me to neglect the profession from whence I chal-
lenge some reputation ; or diminish my loue to my Countrey, which hetherto hath nourished
mee? No, it was for her sake I first tooke Armes : and for her sake I will handle them so
long as I shall be able to vse them : not regarding how some men in priuale conuenticies doo
measure mens estimations by their owne humours ; nor how euorie populer person doth gine
sentence on eueric mans actions by the worst accidents. But attending the gracious a-^pect
of our dread Soiieraigne, who neuer yet left vertue vnrewarded: and depending vpon the
iustice of her most rare and graue aduisors, who by their heedie looking into eueric niaiw
worth, doo •;iuc encouragement to the vertuous to exceede others in vertue : and assurin"
you that there shall neuer any thing happen more pleasing vnfo me, than that I may once
againe be a partie in some honorable iourney against the Spaniard in his owne C'ountrie, I
will cease my compluini : and with them that deserue beyond me, patiently endure the vn-
aduised censure of our malicious reprouers.

If I haue seemed in the beginning; hcieof troublesome vntoyou in the discouering of those
impediments ; and answering the slaunders which by the vulgar malicious and mutinous >iort
are laid as blemishes vpon the iourney, and reproaches vpon the Gereralls (hauing indecdc
proceeded from otiicr heads :) let the necfssitie of conseruing the reputation of the action
in generall, and the honors of our (ienerails in particuler, be my sufficient excuse : the one
hauing by the vertue of the other made our Countrie more dreaded and renowmcd, than
any act that luer England vnderlooke before? Or if you haue thought my perswasible dU-
cciirsc long in the latter end; let the adcctionate desire of my Countries ;;ood hee therein
answerable for me. And such as it is I pray you accept it, as oncly recommended to vdur
sclfc, and not to bee deliuered to tiie publi(pie view of the world, least any man take ollnuc

thereat;

i'U

LiiL ■ !'^»

Spatne and PorUngak.

TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES.

589

thereat ; which some particular men may seeme iustlie to doo, in that hauing deserued verie
well. I Hhould not herein giue them their due commendations ; whereas my purpose in this
priuate discourse, hath been onelie to gratifie you with a touch of those principall matters
that haue passed, wherein I haue onelie taken notes of those men who either commanded
euery seruice, or were of chiefest marke : if therefore you shall impart the same to one,
and nee to anothdl^ and so it passe through many hands, I knowe not what constructions
would be made thereof to my preiudice ; for that the Hares eares may hnppelie bee taken
for homes. Howbeit, I hold it very necessarie (I must confesse) that there should bee
some true manifestation made of these things : but bee it farre from me to bee the author
thereof, as verie vnfit to deliuer my censure of any matter in publique, and most vnwilling
to haue my wcaknes discouered in priuate. And so doo leaue you to the happie succcsse of
your accustomed g<iod exercises, carnestlie wishing that there may bee some better accep-
tance made of the fruites of your studies, than there hath been of our hazards in the warres.
From London the 30. of August. 1589.

FINIS,

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THE

OMISSIONS

C A L E S VOYAGE,

STATED AND DISCUSSED

THE EARL OF ESSEX.

NOW

riUST PLBLISHLD IROM A MANUSCRIPT IN THE rOSSESSIOiN

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OMISSIONS

CALES VOYAGE.

THe • first & grealcst occasion let slip in our Voyage was, that we did not possess onr
fielucs of the fleete that was bound for the Indies, the lading whereof would not onelie
haue paid all charges of the iorncic, but haue enabled vs a great while to wage warre with
Spaine, with the meanes of Spaine. To which I aunswcrc, that if cither I had ben
followed the first morning of our commingc before the harbor when I bare w ith it ; or if
wc had entrcd the same Sundaie in the afternoone when we were vnder sailc, & within
cannon shot of the enemies fleete, or after the men of warre were taken & burnt, the
ncxte dale if anie shipping had gone vp as I vrged by mine owne speech sent by Sir
Anfhonie Ashlie, who being secrctaric at wars was to record euerie mans scruice or
omission ; if anie of these had ben don, then I saic had that fleet ben easilie possessed.
For the first morning thev had neither their men aboard, as it was since confessed by
our prisoners, nor were provided of any counsel what to doc. In the afternoone the same
daie we had found the men of warre & the March^iunts fleet altogether in one bodie, &
engaged them both at once, so as at the same time we had defeated the one, we had
possessed the other. And the next d.iie presentlie vpoii the fi^lu & victoric against the
Kings 8hipp«». we had found them all so amazed & confounded as they would have thought
of nothing but of sailing thrmselues, & we had taken the ships, the riches in them, &
the fleet of gillies, without striking a blow ; as both our prisoners & captaines out of the
gallics haue assured vs. Rut the first morningc when I boare with the harbor, almost
all the fleet came to an ancker by the point Saint Sebastian a league wide of me, &
jtaue the enemie le.tsure to send men & all necessaries aboard. When I was gon in, I
could neither get my companion to waigh his anckor, nor most of those that were
waled to goe in with me. And the next daie I had much a do to make our ships fight
at all. And when God had giuen vs victorie, my persvvasions nor protestations could
make them that were sea-commaunders go or send vp to possess the fleet of the Indies,
whiles we assailed the towne, so as the enemie had almost 48. bowers to burne his
owne shipps.

• Tlic Kilitor tiikcs tliii opportunity of innking liis grstofiil ackiiowlrdgemfnts to the Marqiiis of Stafford,
for hit pprniiioioii tu print this Tract from his curious Manuscript ; uud to the Reverend 11. J, Tudd, lur
furnishing liim with lliu accurate Iraiiecnpt fruiii which It is printed.

VOL. V. 4 G The

|[''Si';(!'

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594 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. The Omiation nf

The flccond imputation that mnie be laid to vs, wai, that we did abandon Calet, when
we were poesesRt of it, whcrens the holding of it would hauc ben a naile not in the foote
of this great monarch but in his Hide, & haue Hcrued for a divenion of all the wan in
the^e parts. To which I aunswerc, that some of our sea-corn maunders, & eapeciallie my
colleague, did not onelie oppose themsehies to that designe, (whose oppoHitions mine in-
structions made an absolute bnrrc,) but when we came to see how the forces that should
be left there might be victualed till succours came, the victualls were for the most part
hidden & embcazled, & euery ship began at that instant to feare their wants, Sc to
talkc of goeing home ; see ns I should neither hnuc had one ship to staie at Caies, nor
victualls for the garrison for 2. monclhs. And therefore I was forced to leaue Cales, & did
not choose to abandon it.

The third obiection wc hauc to aunswere is, whie we did not lie for the carricks 8c
Indian ships, seing we were on the coast the vcric time that is thought fittest for their
intercepting & vsuall of their rctourne. In which I must first cite the testimonie of all
our commanders by land & sea, that when wc had in our retourne from Cales doubled the
Cape St. Vincent comonlic called the South Cape, I vrged our going to th' hlands of
Ozores, founding my seif'e vpon these reasons: first, that, it was more certaine to attend
them at the land-fall where tneie nuist iieeds touch, then to seekc them in the wide sea;
& next, that the aduises sent out of Spaine & Portingall since our being of myght meete
them at the Islands, & make them divert from coming thither. Besides, the SpanianU
after theic saw vs engaged at Cales would ncuer suspect or dreame of our goeing to the
Islands. And when this counscll was reiccted, & wc come in the sight of Lisbon, I there
againe pressed the being for them with a selected fleet, & offered vpon that condition to
send home the land-forces, & all such ships as want of victualls, leaks, sickness, or anie
thing els had made vnfit to staic out at sea. But first the L. Admirail & Sr. Wa[l]tcr Haw-
ligh did directlie by attestation vnder their hands contradict the first proposition ihit
I made, that some ships should attend that spruice. And when we came to the hypo-
thesis, which were fitt & their captaines content to stale out in all the fleet, except tri**
Low Countric Squadron, there could be found but two, my L Thom. Howard & niv
selfe ; so as by the whole counsel! at wars, it was resolued that as well my offer tic
opinion, as cueric mans els amongst vs, should be kept vnder his hand, for our particuicr
discharges, & I be barred of stnieing, except my L. Admirall would assent to leaue some
S. or i(>. of the Marchaunts ships besides 2. of the Queenes: which he refused to doe: &
sue our dessigne brake of

The last omission maic scemc to be in this, that since all our seruice consisted in taking
or distroyinge the Spanish shipping & sea prouisions, that we did not looke into all his
theife ports, Sc do him in that kind as much hurt as we might hauc o^ne. To which I
auii.swere, that first my end in goeing to Cales was not onelie because it was a principall
j)ort 6i the likeliest to be held by vs, by cause of the seat A- n.-itiirall strength of it ; but
also for that it wxs the farthest good porte south«ward ; so as beginning with it wc might,
if some greater seruice did not diuert vs, goe to all the good ports betwixt that & the
iiorthmost ports of Biskaie : which was a better waie then to haue begonnc or giuen the
enemie an alarum in the middest of his Countrie, or the r.ecrest ports to vs ; for so
our attempts would haue ben more difficile, & our retreats at last from those farthest ports
less safe ; considering the wants, infections, & other inconveniences that for the mjst
parte doc accompanie the retraicts of our fleet & armies in long iorneies. But after we
had ended at Cales, it was by all our seamen thought a capilall offence to name the
goeing oucr the Barre at St. Lucars. Betwixt St. Lucars & Lisbone there is no good portc.
From Lisbone I was barred by name, if it had bene free for vs to hauc gone. Yet our
seamen arc made of the same sluft'e, Sr. Francis D : & his companie was, when thcie lost
the occasion of his taking Lisbone, for feare of passing by the castle of St. lulian's.
From Lisbone to the Groine there is no port to hold the Kings or anie other great
shipjiing. To the CJroin with cart-ropes I drew them : for both I vowed & protested

against

.1 ■ ' '

The OmUrton nf

1 abandon Galea, when
a naile not in the foote
nion of all the wan in
idcra, & eapeciallie my
lose oppoMitiona mine in-
w the forceji that should
) were for the most part
feare their wants, Sc to
ip to Htaie at Caies, nor
ed to leaue Cales, & did

)t lie for the carricks &

H thought fittest for their

ite the testimonie of all

e from Calcs doubled the

going to th' hiands of

s more certaine to attend

kc them in the wide sea ;

ir being of myght mcfte

Besides, the SpanianU

ime of our gocing to the

; sight of Lisbon, I there

ed vpon that condition to

Is, leaks, sickness, or anie

irall & Sr. Wa[i]tcr Kaw-

(he first proposition tint

en we rame to the hyp'<-

n all the fleet, except trie

L Thom. Howard & my

that as well my ofler &

us hand, for our particuicr

miild assent to leaue some

rhich he refused to doe : &

■ seruice consisted in taking
tfe did not looke into all his
It haue o^ne. To which I
because it was a principati
.inturall strength of it; but
tginning with it wc might,
i ports betwixt that & the
aue begonnc or giuen the
;ccre8t ports to vs; for so
1st from those farthest ports
eniences that for the m-ist
,ng iorneies. But after we
ipitall offence to name the
one there is no good portc.
cs to haue gone. Yet our
tnpanie was, when theie lost
f the castle of St. lulian's.
Kings or anie other great
both I vowed & protested
against

Catti Voyage.

TRAPHQUES, AND DI9C0UERIES.

againat their reruiall, 8e parted companie with them when they offered to hold an her
coune. But when we came to the mouth of the harbor, & sent in some of our s lall
vcMellf, we saw there was nothing there, nor yet atFurroll; for into that port alac we
made our discouverics to looke.

After which discouverie we held our laat counsel!. And then I vrged our goeing to St.
Audica, the passage St. Sebastian, & all other good ports all along the coast. But mine
atsociat did altogether refuse to goc farther alonge the coaste, complaininge of wants, &
obiecting our being embayed, & I know not what. In which opinion Sir Walter Rawlighc
strengthened' him ; & theie were both desirous to take vpon them the honnor of breaking that
dessigne. And of landing at the Groyne, or attempting the towne, theie would not lieare
by anie meancs. And presentlie euery man cried to set saile homewards. Since which time
theie haue made such haste, as I, tarieing behind to bring along with me the St. Andrew
taken at Cales & the fHie boate that carries our artillarie, haue lost them all, sauing Monsieur
Otuerworme Sc his squadron, & some few small shippa.

THE END.

O. WfloorAr.L, Frintrr, Paternofter-row, London.

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