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Tous les autres exempialres orlginsux sont fllmte en commenqant par la premiire page qui comporte une empreinte d'Impression ou d'lllustratlon et en terminent per la detnlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboies suivants apparaftra sur la dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, seion Ie cas: Ie symbols — *> signifle "A SUIVRE", Ie symbols V signifle "FIN". I.ee cartea, planchea, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmte A dee taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour 4tre reproduit en un seul cliche, 11 est filmii A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A drolte, et de haut en bas, en prenant Ie nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants Ulustrent la m4thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 J * IfA'i Jll[ C Vi 1 > \ ,-^1 : J R c J — <■ %. .isW* AUUKa th1 H I S T E Y OF THE IRISH CHURCH wiTu lai MONASTERIES OF EACH COUNTS ^ ^ BIOGRAPniCAL NOTICES OF THE IRISH SAENTsT^ PRELATES, AND RELIGIOUS. O^' ^ COMPILED raou j?c3&^vy Ih&J. SADLIKU &. CO., In the Cle rk's offic. of the District Court for the So.uhcrn Dinlrict of No New York DEDICATIOJN. I. respectfully dedicating this volume to the descendants and scatter- ed ch.ldren of the ever-.aithful people of Ireland, and the heirs of her fa.th, language more appropriate than that of the Pontiff Benedict XIV in his memorable brief to the Archbishops and Bishops of Ireland cannot be adopted. "Cherish in ,our memories." says this illustrious Pontiff, St. Patnck, the Apostle of Ireland, whom our predocossor Celestine sent to yoa of whose apostolic mission and preaching, such an abundani harvest has grown, that Ireland, before his time idolatrous, was suddenly called, and deservedly i, - the Island of Saints.' Cherish in your n^omories St. Malachy, Archbishop of Ar.agh, who stood forth undaunt- ed H. every manner, prepared to convert the wolves into sheep • to admonish in public ; to touch the chords of the heart. Cherish 'with yet more incerity. St. Lawrence. Archbishop of Dublin, whom, born as e was. of royal blood, our predecessor. Alexander III., constituted his Legate Apostolic for Ireland, and whom Ilonorius III. alike our prede- cosso, canonized. But if yet more we were to exhort you to cherish .u ^our memories, the very holy men Co.umbanus, Kylian, Yirgi,, R.,„,,,,, St. Gal and the many other., who. coming out of Ireland, carried the rue a,th over the provinces of the continent, or established it with the blood of the,r martyrdom. SuHlce it to commend you to bear i„ memory the religion and the piety of those who have Receded you and the.rsohc.tude for the duties of their station, which Las ostabli;hea the.r everlasting glory and happiness." And, in «„, cherish the virtues of your fathers, their piety and rev- orence towards their pastor.s, their contempt of earthly goods, and though I* DEDICATIOIf. do „o „„ger rc„>„d y„„, b, .heir »,e„„ .„d „%i«, .„«„„,., „, t . P«. c„,,a,c.. Of .„ose f.tta, cLeri* the fith .„« „.der.d . .„ wh,oh .t ,, ,„„.dcd, b. y.„, „.,.„« „,, „„ ^„^„^, ^^^^^^^ ^^ Peter, the burning ze.. of a Paul, the .biding eo.Qde.c. of . Job,. „ , THE AUTHOR. NEW-ToRit, October, 1863. PREFACE. virsr. M . : "S ;"t :'«" '"f '- "» """-■«. bj Who. .he in of n e a>nous structures of error and superstition. Other coun' - •„. the horrors of deadly strife and warfare eonsequent on the c he Roman Empire, religion and her handmaids, science and li* asylum .n the peaceful "Isle of the West," an isle lute .,:,. arms o the Romans never penetrated. But a season of contir. tran,,u l.ty was not destined for the church of Ireland. She too • eiKlnre tempestuous weather. The Danes wlo wp^ iha c " fi,„ 1- ,,. » . .,, , ^"^^'"*^^' ""''<> were the enemies of pronrets II I-aving sought saf ty i I J '''°"' "' ™"' °' '^' ecclesiastics of Ireland whoi^haiirtt!!; rr^^^^^^^^ example of their virtues cre'n t H ^ ^ ' "'" ''"'"''^ °'' "'^'^ ''■^««' ^he Myst rious ind ed ar H^le ! ? V," "" '""' °' """"^ '^"'^ --"P^-"- tl.e robber to he v ^ w off "^ "" ^^'^'^ "'^ P'^«- -^ effected. ThouTh t e D T'"'""^' " "^'"- ^^"^* '"'^ ««--sion be disposition pro"! a rft;:;?r '"'""'^ "'^"'^''' ^^* *"- P'""^-'"g accomplished. Nav eve Ohf Trv ''\f'"°^°'" ''^ ""^^ -« effectually apostle of that nati;.'. b ea ^ cST ^ "f "' ''^"•""' ^"'^ ^'^« '°>-' occame a Chnstiau m Irelunii, while probably a cr..,tive. PREFACE. When the general conversion of those pirates took place atier the battle of Clon- 'of M T'T "' '"'""' ^"^■"^^'^ ^ ^^"^°" °f ^^P<^^«. - if to give the zeal of Malacl,y an opportunity of restoring the sacred cause of religion and d.sc,ph„e. But much as the Church of Ireland endured, while the fury of the Damsh ravages de.solated the land, yet, it seen, the cup of Irish misery had not been dra.ne , and to a perfidious nation, not indeed through any p..ulL merit Itrj-n ;" '; '" ''"'''' ''' ''''' ^"^^"-^ -^^ accomplishme't'rather of th et : " '?"^"-"'" '' ''''' '''''' "'-•^ '^^ -thstood the storms of eighteen _cenur,es that infliction wherewith the sins of our fathers may have ^ sin'Tl' " ' ''' T ""^ """^ ''' faithof Ireland more resplendent, bZofth . ZT" " °ther regions, nay. expanding itself within the very bosom of that perfidious country, which has shaken off itssweet yoke, and return- ing as does tne illustrious stranger, forgetful of the injuries he has receive to "t : :L:c\m-' 'r 'r "^'^^^^ ^'' ^'^ ^'°°^ of her martyrlr Ihe xnsh Catholic, who has sought a home in this land of the West will be gratified to find the chain of the Episcopal succession of Ireland unb oln and uusevered from that Apostolic rock, which has protected the Irish Church all her vicissitudes, and that apoe.olic bond, with the see of Pete-, kept up i, wLiTp? "^ r " ''''■-' """^ '' ''' '-' ^'-^'^^^ -^•^^'"^' *>'^'- without Parliamentary pretenders ro contest those ancient landmarks, which their predecessors possessed from the remotest ages of their national Church In glancing over the records of Irish Missionaries and tlie monastic esiab- .*hmon s of the country, and of those heroic men, whose blood has been shod by English persecutors, while instructed by the simplicity of their lives, as well as charmed with that sublime faith whose charity inspires such pious works an Idea will be conveyed to his mind of the fame and the splendor of the Iri.h churc , as well as of that extensive robbery and spoliation which have been perpetrated in the name of religion ; of those sanguinary .u.rders which Pro es ant England, in the fullness of her religions vagaries has committed, whici have inebriated her with the blood of the saints, which have consigned t ev y wo. t e faith u but suffering people of Ireland, who have made a sacrifice of every hing which this wprld value, property, liberty, country, nay life itself rather t:ian orego the advantages which faith pure and unsullied procures 1 agarics which have consigned them to the rapacity of the greediest adventurers hat ever plundered a country, whose souls have been dead to eve. y sentiment that ennobles man ; dead to every impulse but that of plunder and opnression ; which have consigned the people of Ireland to the horrors of protracted famine lest an English exchequer, which Irish plunder and misrule have too long replenished, should be burdened with the relief of Irish distress, and finally which have doomed hem to the emigrant-ship, as the only hope of the oppressed CaUiolics of Ireland bringing with them no riches but the invaluable ones of faith, which has tauW.; them patience under privation, and forgiveness under injuries and insults ° In all the eondicts of the Irish Church there exis, natural ohstaclei to the .access of those who attempted its extincdon , the mountain caverns nnd the marshes of the country provided th., faithful followers of the ancient creed PBKFAOB. VU With .ecnre rotreatB, in .-hich they preserved the torch of fait',. Hunted as was FH scs of tl e Most n,.h : for the lips .f the proscr.bod servant of th, , altar poured ct. . re.st.ble ^ai,. n the native tongue, animating the people to be!r w h ^.ngs, e nhn.tely preferable treasures of eternal Hn. I. the .ny.terious Ian «e 01 reland . s found a barrier, whieh English heretics could not suZunt • unknown to the r.ch .nd to the Protestant, who preferred plunder, it w.s ba -' of wh ;7^P°°^,f°^^-^'>f"' P-PlebyEnglish reformers, as the only birthright o which they could not rob its ancient inheritors ; in that mysterious language which IS so p„v., expressive, and the onlv one of Europe, in which there are no unmeaning words ; in that language, of whose original greatness English While Protestantism is being consumed by its enormous wealth and with emorse, because it has revolted against a tc.lor parent ; without hold, bed se Its impure contact with mammon, ou even the affections of its own v;taries-l nt"; To ""i;""'"^ °'^'^ ""•^*^^ ^'^'^ ''' ---*f-th. the scorn and ntempt of 1 e public-writhing in the agony of death and its agony, as mtTl'l^ ' : "7"'-'"^'^^"-'- °f «•-* Britian, whose fiat mutton put u^on the monster the seal of extinction, Catholicity sends forth new germs aspires to new destinies-ancient, and still ever new and beautiful, looks fh and blooming in all the vigor of youthful life. The pastor of the aicient f^ I WK . a virginal purity beaming in his countenance, is revered and respected because his breast dilates with tenderness and compassion, offeri... c nsoL ton to the afflx-ted ; revered, because he devotes his days toti. confesslonaT r n cdrng thoaghtless man to the offended Deity ; because he takes long a d TI tabolf' 7- T ""' '' ""^ ''"' "° '^ '' '' P""P-^^ f- its passage : that abode in which sorrow docs not dwell ; because he overcomes the most .enous obstacles, when the glory of God and the welfare of religion demand the exercise of energy and fortitude. ^ Though the virginal faith of Ireland has hitherto escaped contaffion the escen ants of Irishmen should watch with the kcen-eyedness of the i: i tr aitr;:: r"^^':r ^fi^' "^ '""^^' «^ ^^^'""^' ^^^-^ ^^^ ot our laith ; for the maddened bigotry of England may lead on hor ,fnt tl nd oTt "•" ^^'"''^«^^"' *° the land of the beautiful and the brav .ng . the home of faith, virtue, hospitality. Our national Church is the bold of oar national existence ; though the political arrangements of 1 la d w tl -t- -ntry have almost annihilated the political h itoro. n e \ U^^ h system has given to the church of Ireland an imperial character ; IS the mistress of religion in the British Fnmi.„ • . "'"(^ler . tor she viii PEEFACE. ""7" ": •'"' '■'"'' ■' "'■'•"' ""> re.ci, .;.;;;„;, """"" "'** •<> «" for .ho„, «„j „.„ b.c„ i..„,i:" iV ;::';:; :: "=" "r''i«">'= «<> "-, the D.mc of the .p„l, „hieh „ „„„„.,,, ""'•°' ^"'""' P»i"'»»"l ore eiir.|„„rc. I,is Imagination l,o^ ,„„„," ''^ '°°°'°"'"J' I*»»- "J bf 11.0 foo,.te,,. of ,«i,„ ZJ, T" '"'°"' "'«'■ »™ ''"IIO"- in Ih. chair of Pete,' ^11 t Ore , , n' 'I'"'" """"' ^""' "■ ""«»» f. «»., .,. a^on, o.ho. i:::^;::::':;"^:':^:':^:'^ «■« -'. ». John Crysostom, Gregory Nazian/on V.i n '"''' *^"""'' ^¥mwn, ^'-0 e..r,, ..,,, or ,.t au.: 0^8 %:";""?'• f """-' •"'^' ''^"^'- ^» a.ul still conti,,,,,, to exist " ' "'''^^'^ ''^''-''^'«° ^ery rcnouMed «i-l. l.as boen ratifi.-a and ap.Z' ' „. n":"""' '^'^ ' "'''•'-'"- -^ l.n« introduced a reCorrn of t , '^ 7'"" '"-^- «• ^'^^- St. Teresa ^. »• ir.80. The "Disealeed-' C In "h "'"""'"' "^ "^^'^^^ '^I". >^un, over whieh Ids M.tor .r.! ' v ' '' V'"" '''" '"- ^"— "^ "f «iven toall sueh elerKyn.en v . "'''"'"" "*■ ^^' "' ^^'^ "'•'•Kinaily I" t.u- lapse or ti„.„ I : iZdr:;"'"7"" -" "'- ^"" -^ - ^'""•" ' '- "- n.ey were lu.nnd^rj t^' .^ jr " '''' '" '"""""^"■•-^•' """ ^"^""' ' "'"^ -- ..'..oral, ealUd ^^Z ^ " ""' ^^'"^^^ ^^ '"^ PEEFACE. IX tliem, were knowu by the „a„e of ■■ c«no,» R„„laT„; ^77 "'""""•"e'i Cnon. „o,e b„„„a ,j ,„.^ j„, „,^ pri, e . J " j ,"■.„*"="»"«•' These were .,,,pl„ye,l in the cure of soal, n 'f f ' ^'°"'"" ""•''^"'' »■«' th. h„,y ,,„„ of A„,.,;.:; ;t. J ; ^ '';™ ■""»'"-'' i»to Irel.„d by Pontificate of CaliUus II a d ^M ^ ^ ''"'''^ °^ ^'-™«"^. '■» the 1126. ' ^ "'^"'' "^"'^ •^"""^'""^ ^y Houorius II., A. I). The order of Preachers is also ranked under the rule of Sf A r was instituted by St. Dominick al.out the year 12o" Leo. r 7u "' "'"'' ntheyearl2Haccordi„.toMirand,iurplS^^^^^^^^^^^^ firmed and approved by Honorius III., A D l'>16 ' '°"' This order, one of the raost celebrated iu the Church has rendnr. , H important services to religion. rendered the most ^-iider the Augustinian rule is also found the order of St P w, . 1303. The onler of Vh; B I, wf; '';,"";" '"' """"'"' ""■ ^- »• Tbeoplerof C„„l,e„rer, i,» i , ,1 ' ' "'' """""'" ^- "• '»™. -..,.,„„„.„. v,.v:;!,:, •:;'';:;■':;":;; 'v';:r '"*• -* ''« K.ri;::;v:::,^:;:;:v;r:V'^i'r"'" '-'-■■"•■ "« w«" «» «.i .icr s,,!,.;, ,1 : „ t : '''°':. "" • """ •"» i" t.m|H,r.l., b,t they were , ;„" "° ""*"' "' ""' "■'"« «' ^-.H' r,e™;';„: ;,„ r' ;: b "., ';t: T" '"■"'■'"""" u-a- i„ »i ,- - •' """ "y '^*- ( aietan. wlin«n name fhoc =» - Bear, in ffio Tonr 1,')24 ripmnut vm ... " ' "-""ic tney ajso •W.. wo nml Co„,r 1" ,r. V''T r''" "'""""■™" ^"''l- ' " — '-*'---^;n:z:::;;r;- PEEFACB. honor Monasteries were erected at Marseilles, near his tomb, in wl.ieh hi= relies were preserved, as well as at Paris, to which was conveyed a part of hia relics- and also of St Gilbert, who was born at Semprin-^hau, in Lincolnshire, (Eng )' 1 opo Eugene III. approved the institute of St. Gilbert. _ Some of the military orders are also ranged under the rule of St. Au-^ustine V.Z. :-lhe order of Malta, instituted at Jerusalem, by Gerard, the founder of ^.e Hosp.tal of St. John the Baptist, A. D. 1099. Paschal II. in the chair of Peter, and Honorius II. confirnung it A. D. 1125. They were also called the Knights of Rhodes, because tlicy captured tiiat island fron. the Turks thfi 20th of August, 1308, and there established themselves, retaining it as head-quarters tor two hundred and fourteen years, until it was retaken by the Turks the 2'.th of December, 1522. On their expulsion from Rhodes, the Emperor Charles V granted them the island of Malta. The order of St. Mary of the Teutons or Teutonic, instituted under tho patronage of the blessed Virgin by a German nobleman whose name is not recorded, in the year 1119, Cali.xtus II. being Pontiff ; its object was to receive and take care of Germans who visited Jerusalem as pilgrims. In the course of time the Teutonic Knights assumed the defensive against barbarians who attacked the German pilgrims. Jerusalem having been stormed by the 'forces of the Sultan, who obliged them to depart with the rest of the Christian forces • they settled at Ptolemais (now Acre), until that citj' was also captured by thJ Saracens. Pope Celestine III. conlirmed the order A. 1). 1192. Tiie military orders of St. James in Portugal, and of the Blessed Virgin of Mount Carmel, ore also eninnerated among the Augustinian families. The third great rule of the religious life is the Benedictine, which Saint Benedict institute.1 about the year 500, in tho Pontificate of Symmachns accord- ing to Burbosa, or in 520, as Brugnoli and Miranda assert. Manv congregations or families acknowledge the rule of St. Benedict, the ol.lest' being tho one utCbni, in France; a Monastery having been there erected by Saint Odo a Benedictine monk about the year 900, Anastasius HI. silting in St IVt.'r's chair, as is related by Barbosa, or in tho year 913, according to Miramla. The order of Cumuldolese, so called from tho valley Canialdula near Arezzo, in TuM.any, was institutc.l by Saint Romual.l, a Benedictine, about the year 907, John Xlll. being PoiitiU; Alexander II. conlirming the order A.I). 1072. ' Under tho aforesaid rule of St. Benedict, the celcbratcl Cistercian order flour' ished. It is ncalle.l from the valley Cistercium or Citeanx, an uninhabited forest in the Diocese of Chalons, (France.) and was instituted by St. Robert abbot of Molcsme, about the year 1099, in the I'ontilicatc of Urban II. I'er'.Tiving a decline of di.scipliue invade flie institute. Il..bert selected some of the n,ost fer- vent of his di,.ci,.leH and retired to Citeaux, and there laid the fonndati.m of the Cis- tercian institute. Robert, recalled by the sovereign I'onlitt' at the desire of tho monks of M.desme, Stephen was appointed to undertake fhe governmeni ..!' tho Monastery at Citeaux, who with ••otifinua! and fervt!!!. .„j,;,ii,,,jtjf,n {,-, j,,^ Lord besought the extension and the inereas,. of the new instituti' ; iKir had the PREFACE. . tuted by nine French knigl.ts, A D 158 Gelt r ."'""' "''"^' "^^'"«^'- T..e fourth great in Jtut; ^f l^lu,^^^^,^? ^"^^^"^^ ^'"«^-- ^a. Pont.. -:rst:::rr;r^::t;:L!:;:;r ^ at tins'period ttre e.i tJd no w'rur 7 ""' "-I'l-val ; but wherej cessor of Innocent U lis III "" '"':"'""* ''' ''' -"fixation, the euc - D ... and c.j:3i-; :=::::.;^^x::c^^^^^^^^^ -d Be.g,nn.. Others'" DiL, 'ZT ^^"^^"/^-«"-^^" - '" France " Minors" of the regular obsra' I ! "^^'^ «'-* °^-"-.ce. Others one general .ucceedsl the re ^e Itiv of St'^^^ "' "^' ^'"'" '°'^ ""'^ the order, and who alone is cZZTto !!\ T' :"'"<^"« --♦'"" «-lof order, in accordance with a Z2 n n / ! " '"""''^ ^""^™' «'' ""^ «'-'« Pontiff Leo X. ' '^"" '' *'^''* '"^^''^ •^^"^J »>y the sovereign tCm;::::::;^^^^^ -nciscan institute, distinct congregation havin.r nil „ , , °''^''"' '''" """>' '-•«"«'it»to a Whole order^bu't wro^t e , If^: oft 'r'''^.^ ''' ''' '' ''^ ciscans. There are other brethre of ZL I '"" "^ '''° ^"'""'"" ^'^'''»- distinguish the. fron. those lli'';!; ,77 ^"« " ^--ntual,'. to of the executor of St. Francis «f a . ', """"'^ '"''™"^ '''« '■"!« Franciscan. ^'' "^""'""y- "^ ^'"J"-. was a Couventuul t..eJ!:.^;;ri!:;a:;::rr^ «»-rve in the strictest n antr the ^h V"""/' '" """"""' ^"""^'" ^"^'^ Tlio Tertiaries, so called bee so t ""' "'"^ ^"'^ "'""" "'"'^ ^•''"■^^"''• Tl.e saint institute.! oZs ,n I 7t, "h" !'' """ ^•"^' "^ «'• ^"'--^«- The llrst »vn« .1 , ,. ''"' *^'"^''"'' «'0"«titutions. ;:-^-;v the Redeemer, who^o .„K,nas were inn.ressed on uie ::,: ^^^ " "<•';, »" .-vent which the Church celebrates of Bejitcmbur iu the diviuo oDico on the »f Saint ntu I Ml i i< xii PREFACE. TJe second was the one which he assigned to St. Clare 7^,hn,.f w , , ^ ^^^■' ^•■^- 1540, introduced nt(- Ireland bv CM p::z;,ir;?';:;V""!;' I'-r- °' ''"""■ "'"'" ^■'"' ^™- ""^"^^'^'^•^'■1436, and which Sixtus IV. confirmed A D 14^q The i„a,i,„,i„„ of c.„„,„ BcBuI., embraced tl,. c„„tc,„plati™ and .ntad lire 17"°° to so,„. decree. T„e lie„edic.i„e, .„d Ci.l.rei.n. professed h.e„ Erori',e,°*1 "'r ?"'":'■ " "'" """ ^~''«" "f St. Do,.i„ick, the tounni of Trent (Session 25) have permitted them with the exception of th. Franciscans, to possess ia common immovable property. USEFUL REFERENCES. Religious Corporations of the Church Paschal Controversy . Palliunis and Synod of Kells . Antiquity of Celibacy Advantages of, &c. . Reverence of, &o. . , , Heretics of Kilkenny Question of the Veto Corruption of English Ecclesiastics Synod of CashcU Inauguration of an Irish King Suppression of tho Templars loonoclasm io Ireland— its Origin Punishment of Church Plundorors Veneration of the Cross . MartyrH of Ireland . Martyrs, ic, Treachery of Eliza'heth Enactments of English Persecutors . Sympathy with the Catholics of Ireland Rule of tho Cromwellians Apostotes of tho Irish Church Doctrines of tho Ancient Irish Churol Relies preserved in Dublin Litany of St. Aongus Numbers of Monks in somo Monaster" Sdored Well, of Ireland Additions and CorroctioM vinJioatod lei * . Preface, viii 34,50 . 572, 054, 842 38 41 . 174, 834 835 100 • . 134 174, 064 195 . 636 ■ . 366 388, 010 507,. 509, 581, 653 591 721 747 783, 795 788 . 790 801 812 . 422 . 439 606 . fi56 857 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. CIIAPOIER I, IKTI.£UCriON OF CnRISTIANITY-MISSrON OF PAL^ ADm._.TrP.„ OF THE IRISH BEFOUE THEIR Co/woS^t^'''^^''''''^''''' iNiiatcotfiSE With foreign nations is assigned as th^ r«.^- Providence employed in conveying the ti^J o^ ^IZtZ ^'f land ; and a. such intercourse rests on unquestioned au2t,! I .CU, of this hypothesis recon^ends it lo attentL t^^di^^^^^ then, the precise time in which our Island has hP^r, « ,!*;f ''*^'™'"^'' the heavenly light of faith, we have no r^n T n^ltrof '' imse, a. the early history of Christianity in other counWe'tTnvV""; m s^dar obscurity, that in an Island in'o which t e am o/Z^l mans never penetrated, a similar inconvenience shouIdTff Lt it ! ^ smstical records. Tertullian informs us, that in h s t^f ^I ] Christ reigned in places which Britons in Lahtd a^ wllV i' T" '' did not explore. Eusebius even assorts tL some !f t \ f '""^^ ceeded beyond the ocean to the 13Hty. L 2^^^ maintain that St. Paul preached in Britin L , - ^^ ^^^^^^^^ nahsts and ecclesiastical writers of our country do nlTanTtS ' "" of havine been visitpH K^ «„ a n , "' *"*' "onor cinles IfZJr ^nI ""'^P"^^^''' «^ ^>y «"y of their immediate dis- ciples H, then, Insh Christians received the precious mft of fnlM / other roa., AD m And again, speaking of the exertions of St. Cekstine'to extirrato the cresy o Pelagms from Britain, St. Prosper confirms the a cm^v c^ Ins opinion ; anxl the pastoral .eal of this holy Pontlii; St. V^^ZZ nonds, as he had ordained a bishop for the Scot., and uccomplis L^i hi con o.,cn, as well as preserved the integrity of faith in Pri!ain. bisi^ 2 ti St^!;^!^' 'iV''"' "'"'^^ ''' ^■"•'^^"^^^- «^ { , ot !.t. Celc.tine would l.uvo but little chiim to peculiar ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0KT OF lEELAND. g commendation, as the annninfm^T,* ^ • , , opiniou pretend it to have been ^*°"°°' " *' "dvocateg of this »gn^et!i':L'^:::;f::r;'isr7' °" f ^'""'■■''«- -'■» - ^- Ot tl,«e saints notiee will he ukT^ T ^ , '™'"™'' '" «™- for the present, that the high aM„„i7vth f"^" P'"" ' '" " '"ffl™ not he 6,«tained. ' '^ '"='' » "^'8"^ «" t™. can- s«hj!f : ■:;':2iit„tz";r ?*''""^^ '- ^'-^' -*- trove„,y. wLile the adv!^.!, "f ST^ " «'™ ''^ ■"'^™ ~"- to son,e western -gion r'nlilfto / ''^m "" °°'' '"""'• «*<> tors of the Reformed ereed strife to , * '" ^''"''' ">« »t* UntU a d^erepane^of betf t: T'T 1" '"^■"" '" ""^ '^-'• period in the Easfem and W torn ctZ ..'™ "''"°* "' *■' '"•■•'7 iute«ti„,, nor e.„ it ^JZZ^'X1TT'°T' ""™' '» agree on those doetrines whieh Jp^ate ,L Rrf'' T^r ''°"' ^'""'"'"^ Hie eause of tl.is desire to fasteTr A * ^'""•°'' ''"'■" «>em. of .he East, is oW^^sLT^^ZZTnT' 'd'T" °" "■"'' issoformidahle to the riahtofor vj, / ^ ""* ^P^Me See sm„n ,0 that .nerring anto Ir trS™;*^ of faith and discipline It „o,n ? tl "^ ^'^ preserved unity ahetto. oaWtantisn, LT:^"., SlXrlTd^'"''*" *" "'° faith from the East, involved, perhaps „ ft' f """'"^ ''" which the fervor of ei.fo,^ • ~ T' '" "'" ''e'«ro ■"»»"> i" ll^orj- consisting of a multinlic v „;'?.""",* ™ 'AJatrons, and Apollo, Merc,,,., Ma,/a,rd?t:':n: ';::; r'i^ -' ^-t ™ AS to the ,„aet,oal ,,„„ of religion, the use of f II 1 Jilt * ECCLiaiASTICAI, HISTOET OF nJELAOT). Statues, or idols, was not general in Ireland. However, it cannot be denied, that in some instances such was the custom, as St, Patrick alludes to these idols and unclean things.— Conf., p. 16. In the lives of St. Pu- trick, reference is made to the idol whicli the monarch Leogaire adored ; it is called " Cromcruach," i.e., Ileapof ihe Sun, and was surrounded by twelve smaller idols of brass. Admitting that idolatry was prac- ticed, we are at liberty to confine its existence to that spot where it first originated. The place was called "The Field of Adoration," and was situated in the county of Leitrim. Lynch {Camb. Mer., p. 59,) writes, that Tigemach, king of Ireland, who instituted the rites of idolatry in Brefny, was cut off by lightning. In the Irish ritual, as well as in the Eastern, the veneration of fire held an important place, and the predilection of the people for this wor- ship may be inferred from the degree of earnestness with which St. Pa- trick labored to detach them. In a manner worthy of his apostolic zeal, he denounces in his Cmfeasiom the pervereity of man's intellect, ',- here- by the homage due to the Lord of the universe, in whom all things move, and derive their origin und perfection, is offered to the creature, or to the work of his own hands. "For," says the saint, "that sun which we behold, rises each day for our benefit by the order of God ; but that sun sha.': not reign for ever, nor shall his splendor endure ; but all who adore him are wretched, and shall be subjected to punishment. For us, we adore the true sun, who is Christ." Tlie original religion of the Irish was Sabism, which begun in Chaldea, and spread into Scythia, Medea, and Persia. It consisted of two kinds, and was celebrated with or without images, and its public worship was that of fire. The Chaldees were priests of Babylon, the first seat of idol- atry, and were called Chalybes and Cepheni, words wliich indicate the sun and its worahip by fire. Tlie image worship of Sabism was brought into Irelfind by the Tuatha de Danaans, and that without images was in- troduced by the Milesians, who were originally Persians and Phojui- cians. — Yalh Vin. of Insh Ilutory. Tlie priests of the Pagan Irish were required to observe chastity and purity, at least externally, nor were they permitted to marry widows, virgins only being considered as worthy of being admitted to their nup- tial embraces ; and certain rules at stated times, such as arc found in the Levitical law, were strictly enforced. If the Pagan era of Ireland waa remarkabls for its cultivation of this virtue in the ministers of its false ritual, and if such rules were enforced in the lives of those who were of course tlieir models and their guides, it is no wonder that a love of this virtue is still pre-eminent among the people, and that they regard with ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOBY OF JKELAND. g a.chdeac„„. Having disth^ij/htrb'ttrnstl"^^ Bnta,,, from ffie ho,-osy of Pelagius, l,e wa, dL^iylTZ., Z consecrated the firet bishoD of tL TW.I, .. «. T ^ 1 0*stme, and .«e.. It appear, pro J.el': fr fnS^rS ^'^' .ccorded. hn. it .e,™ ^t nit dllttlr.St:! find him soon after laborins in the teiTiforv of Tr " ' ° Natln-, son of Garehon, ^^so^.^'J^ZjlfftT''' """" """'"'' in .he ,ear 431, and also the yearoThis";:*; CC "IT' ^ efforts .„ preaching the Gospel were attended withlcfr as let t.zed some converts, and erected three churches- tlmof r!^l ^ ?" wueh he deposited the sacred books and reli« o7sa I pL ?? ? which he bronghtfrom Rome alon^with w" v *''°°''^''"'' which were carcfullv preserved for a l "^ °'"™''' "" »f Ohnch of the liomL 3 th, H ■ . J T' """'"" ""^'"^ «'<' ;n..esaeredstrt,ct„:rc:c;i;"hatrdi„rL^rr'rt c.ci.ed,„dincercrdt"^rc: r:::;nrtrerr ti;;:ette:;ei2::rr%T"^'"'°*'"^^ *«e giS Mings, rrrL:e'".rr:it"r™"'T °' marred the prospects of the „,i„Lary ^ ° "'"'"S'' »'"<^l' Tlie enemy of man's ailvation seeing his emoire l„v,^ j , - ot. of the ancient snpe.tition, .Z ^X^^I^^^Z^" which tiie^pponLro^Cl" i :;^^^^^^^^^^ "'0 views We to resist their violence, was fo^ e^to Iclm " "'"'"^ """»" """■ ing, however, some of his associates „^,o Je^l ""''""■■'■' '™''- .ess liable to pe.ec„.io„, to t^:,:^7^Z^;X:' "^^ ^cing tossed about .;1^:^ZZ:^ w ■,^!™^"■'^. """ thence proccedhiK to liome- hnf l».n " , "' ^ '-*^ *''« '"tentiou of «. -n„, in the^distrle. oflerj,rLrr tlPofhi^^^^^ 3 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEY OF ntELAJSTJ. LvTf.STr? '''^ '"' ''''' ^^^^™^«^' ^31' -'^d *^^ 27th Jan. tenTrr . ^' tf • "'' ''' "^* ^"^^'- "^-*^^<^«-' - — pre- tend at Fordun the Picts of that region having been for the most part Christians, bj whom his memory has been revered. CnAPTEE n. EXISTENCE OF ST. PATRICK KSTABLISHED-0B7ECTI0XS " ^SWEEED. _ The splendid work of the general conversion of the L-ish people was, m the counsels of the Almighty, reserved for the ministry of St. Patrick Tliough the traditions of the country, and the constant testimony of his* tonans, as woll as the extraordinary reputation which our national Apos- tle has enjoyed throughout the Christian world, attribute tlie conversion of the Irish people to his apostolic labors, yet absurd objections have been ventured against the existence of this celebrated saint _ About the yoar 1618, Doctor Eyves, a Master in Chancery, enter- tained doubtQ about the time in which he flourished, but had not the temerity to question his existence. To Doctor Ledwich, in his Antiqui- ties of Ireland, is due the merit of tliis extraordinary discovery; and in propounding his audacious assertion, charges Camden and Uslier, both of whom admit the existence of our saint, with deviating from strict veracity. "For," continues the Doctor, "the Eoman Martyrolo-y Erne of AuxeiTc, Nennius, and otliera, never omit St. Patrick's mh-a- cles when they name him." Tl«3 first in general terms (March 17) asserts, that St. Patrick was distinguished by very great miracles and virtues. The second mercij cbsrv^es, that St. Patrick illustrated Ire- land by his learning, m:. -;,..'.-. ...^ ^irtue. ; uud Nennius attributes to him the healing of the uimu, deat; lepers, the casting out devils, and recalling the dead to life." As Pvy ves is the iiret skeptic, his argument is a negative one, foun. ' on the silence of Platiua, a modem author, whom Doctor Ledwich lauca a^ -o man of superior attainment in ecclesiastical history. However, Platina, in his meagre accounts of the Popes, is deficient, oa well as in! E0CLE8U8TI0AI, HI8T0ET OF IHELAin). 7 correct. In his account of the mission of St. Palladius, he merely fol- lows that of St. Prosper ; nor was it necessary to mention St. Patrick, as the chief of the Irish mission was liis predecessor, Palladius. In the lame manner he mentions the mission of St. German to extinguish the Pelagian Jieresy in Britain, without naming St. Lupus, and the other associates. Neither does he recount those of Palladius, who were left behind to watch the progress of his infant Church. Such an argument, then, arrayed as it is against the constant agreement of Irish writers can be of little weight. ' D.^ctor Ledwich is the first writer who has striven to shew, that St. Patrick has been an ideal or imaginary person ; his be the raei-it'of doing 80 ; and such a task is worthy of the individual who has deserted the fauh which St. Patrick preached and planted, in order that he might (iiijoy the loaves and fishes which apostasy amply provides and supplies to those who take refuge in the bosom of that alien Irish Church, establisiiod by proscription, plunder, law, and German bayonets. Let not the reader then, be astonished at the reckless eff"rontery with which this hin-. anti- quarian denies the exietenco of St. Patrick, and the scofiiiig coirtempt which he exhibits towards the miracles which St. Patrick is slid to have performed. ^ In the first place, the canons attributed to St. Patrick, and in which lus name so often occurs, establish an incontrovertible argument against the position of Ledwich. Whether these canons were enacted by him or by synods over which he presided, is of little importance, as a very high antiquity must be givon them ; for those canons bespeak a time when Paganism was not altogether extinct in Ireland, and that the Pa- gans and Christians were mixed ap in the concerns of daily life Now it is certain, that before the middle of the Gth century, there was scarcely a trr.ce of Paganism in Ireland ; and at that period the zeal of Irish mis sionaries was directed towards the propagation of the Gospel in foreicnx parts, as the wants of the home missions were duly supijlied. Hence as those canons were published in the name of St. Patrick, he must have been well known at this distant period. And again, Ledwich, ir. the fullness of his malice, declares St Pa- trick's Cgnfessions a compound of travels, miracles, deliverance, and revelations. To such a judicious critic as the apostate antiquarian, or rather the profane scoftcr of truth and religion, works of this description breathing sentiments of piety, and zeal, and thanksgiving to the Giver of al good gifts, can aff-ord no relish. Tillemont, among others, was so struck with the spirit that pervaded them, and the letter which St Patrick addressed to the impious Prince Coroticus of Wales, that he considered 8 I ECCLESUSTICAI. UISTOKY OF lEELAND. 1: harper rXtr''^ ''''''" -' ^^'■^*- "- monaatcy of II„ 1 «, ° p , , °"'"'"' "'''"" "' ^'- Columba', wH«e„.Li!f^::rhe::ii:rr«;;^ai^^^^ a^ ., f,„„ ,.e va..,-o.„ c,e.e„ cL,„ifn rZ t , lt«^ :«' S Cmrunum spcuks of St. Patrick .^s the "Pope or BillW-t | Irish nation, ho adduces the sanio u-,.;f„. p • ^ ^^ '^'^ Pof,.;„i. ■, , ^'^^^'^i Cumniian, to prove thit R^ 1 atnck wa? an ideal persom>->c Tnilv tl.n... • F'^^e mat tot. a„o.e„ n,„n,:,..e„„, .„a „,„ ,„„3. ^„„,,„ ^^^^^« ' """'-"'y =f our Church, in wliich thg nauies of St Pat^I ^ 7 " '^"«'^'"" I3Hd,et, are ...nd; Ldc^ U c^nt^"^; Lf 'rS::,^''""';' ^^ v-er.> celobrate.1 about the close of this centurv If f " '"''" l<^cl«id, ,|,i„n, ,1,0 ill,„i,.|„,„ A,hmmn oi Skr,,.,,,. i,. ,i >• «o ol-Killala, a,„l of Mv, .„ w.ll „, I,.. ,.;,, s, r,„, '. *"■ ..o.|o„m, of a jwu..; •«. .„ „„;, ;,:'„,!:;, .::v° ■:;';,;':° earl, ,„ ,ho 8.1, ccn.ur, , I,„ ,.„» .H.to,, tW l,i„^,,„,,,, „ s ', , ' sccund jircfuce ul his work. "" '^ BCCLESuencAi. msToBT or ikeljlsi,. e B»c name Bonaven, or Bo.umn, becan.e more general. Accordi,,; Bullet, am, am,, «», signify a river in tbo Celtic language, an.l tC town was so callo.l from its situation at the montl. of a river. Hence ".any ph.ces m Ireland, sin.ilarly situated, are so .-ailed. Tbo ad.lition o abernun n.„,.ks the district of Tarvenna, alias Tarabenna, a celebrated c.f> not far from Boulogne, ,ho ruins of which still remain under tho |nodern munc, Teron„„„e. It i« of^en mentioned unn the mother of sevonteen earn, all of whom became bishops, priests, or nwviWH, UvhWh", five (hmj^hters. who were nuim. Another sister, Messed with as many m^m as the former, ECCLE8U8TIC.LL mSTOET OF IRELAND. I3 and equally gifted with a predilection for the Church, and two nuns A third ,s said to have remained a virgin, although she is exhibited by others as a mother ; and a fourth, for whom Colgan endeavors to find a numerous progeny, with a similar disposition for the ministry. Such a narrative cannot stand the test of history or criticism, as we find amon' the names of those sons many who lived at various periods, and wli^ and St Ta^ vf ""7^ ^'T''' ''"^ ''^^''^' ^" ^'^ — ^ve and St. Pah-i k himself has plainly informed us that there were no such pei^ons with liim when he wrote his epistle against Coroticus ; and that desire which he expressed of seeing his relatives, clearly indicates tha he could not have this pleasure in Ireland. aicates that The ancient practice of designating.religious women by the name of "s,sters," may have been the cause of mistaking some pious ladies of tho period as real sisters of St. Patrick. That these holy females, said to have been St. Patrick's siste,^ did really ex.s , there can be no doubt. Darerca is mentioned in t le ii-th annals, and tho date of her death is 518. Accordimr to son,« 7 St Patrick in 43. w. f.rty-five yea. of ago,-s;ie 1 rer^:^ sister of the Saint. As to Liemania, Colgan wa forced to ci'detW Bhe was tho same as Darerca.- (See Inu-na-^AoU, county gJII Cinncnum was the Saint Cinnia whose acts are given on the'st oS ruary. She lived m the nunnery of Druimdubhain, county Tyrone abou A D. 480 Pclng of royal parentage, she was caHed Rid^T ' Eoyal Cinne. Lupita and Tigridia are spoken of as weaving ^^ paring linens for rehg.ous purposes, both of wliom are said toliavo bel cap ivcs with St. I atri..k. Ila.l such been tho case, St. Pati'k wl " fee nigly describes his own captivity, would not be siLnt regarding L sullonngs of his sistera as partner of liia own misfortune u EOCLEfiUSTICAI. HISTOET OF ntELAKD. CHAPTER IV. <■ '! ^Biilr ST. PATRICK'S BIRTH-HIS CAPTIVITY Aijptvat txt t^^, pej^onal Regarding the year of his birth there has been a v" ety of n el. IT.1 er has hud down two ehronological positions, upon whioli h. end, that he d.ed A.D. 403. Witli Usher Colgan agrees al to the year of ]ns death, but ph,ces his birth on the 5th April, 373,-differ ' S Usher, who Dlaces liis l.fi-tl, ,-,1 q-o • , umeimg wita Florence of An .' ' '" "'^"''^'"^^^ ^^''^I' ^he chronicle of hi ^"^fe-P^--' «-- of whom a«sig,» St. Patrick 92 yea..^ 3" „7;;r "'^^ ^:r^.«^^'^''* ^'-* ^'- --^- ^^ 1'J« ye-, reached ".; ^ '* ^f '^^^''''''^ ^^'^ ''^vorito .nunber, as it best agreed with the nndanty winch was sought to bo found between St. PatrLc Jl^ In f ur respects they were said to be sinular,-both heard an an"d P-.Ic.ng iron, a bush; they both fasted forty days and fort;iig;. tlioir voiii>* Mere tli(> ';niii.> (•;■, i.)f. ..i ■ « i . ' ' "J '"b'Ts » ),„„ • T, ;"""• "'■' '-"< ll'i-'f h.ml nwiiig-placcs nro im- e hutcr ™„ ,W .,1, „,„„„„■„ „,„,^,H„,« „J ,.„',,«.„ fn „ : M.mjJ, ,l„,el,v,,,,l,,vnii,,:.,,,,.,,,,,t,.lytl,cj.™r,,, l,i,l,i,.,|, enrol, leuvn.were of opinion, ,,,„Hl,e,,,,„,|,er„riV,:i,,..v,,,,i,e,l,, ,2 ^iot ,?■'"'• .,^'"; """""■*'». "■ -'"l-i.* tin. correction, nn- !e ,i ' : '',''.° ':.•; :•'■•■",■■ •^■""'•-'*. <.i...i.;i„t:i,ei. ons must bo al)aiidoned, as tl 10 re IS more of conjecttiro and ingo« BOCLESUSTICAL mSTOKT OP IRELVND. 15 nuity, than of solid ars;„mcnt, founded on Uatorical facte, in a.eircliron og,o„l ,j.,e„,. To Tillemon,, ,v,,o had studied his suljoet w , ^ "atri t n l"n "■'■* '"?''«" " "" "Conf-o"," in which St l^nck spcal, of ]„, promotion to the episcopal dignity, and of bein^ «4 °;:™ ':ff° 'f I-,.lo.Til.emo„t coLmdfd «;at S..Pa. c! was 45 yeais of age when consecrated. When St. Patrick had resolved tehop for tins holy purpose, a certain friend reminded him of a fault winch he had committed, when a hoy scarcely fifteen j-ca,, of a'e and c. . :rr ir^ "^--M-S inm privately '„f his nnworthinrforso exalte 1 a diputy, announced his sin to the whole con-rc-ation The nlof 1 " "'-T " *"'=™' ""'^'-'' l'» '■-!'. and tale hitL ness of his sorrow informed tliis pcreon of if n= i • ^ • i ^- , ™d ,0 dcuonnce his f'd.' fn" i ' wL;l.' II C '""'" 'T ? •?"»-" •'- "80 of ««cen, aud in recoj^t nJ e i rcr's.'K ' trick meant to convey that his life l,.„l i ° ' ^ ' P"" that the shame of his e ts, -c ,1° '?", "y'r''"'''' "'"' "''*■ iffcnucd in a vision .1 ,T t .Z " ."'"■'"'''"'"S l''"> >"■"' fe-of i but n,i.,ty, he was enco::::;,';: 'rt f ^ - :r-ed V «.e Al- attafn:, rLrt!r:;hc,r';;,.T''7 ',° """' "™ ''^'" •'-«• b.vet.kenplaeeeir'i: vr^V',: -fV'' '':''"'■• ''■"'■^' «.«y, then, assign hi, lirth to A dIs/ aI" ° 'T'' 1 '''• '''° covcry of ,he ™,r in whid he , " '""' '"-'"'' '° "'o A's- .oa.,'and,co„Lp;e;:;,:::;t PC :::,ta«::r :n''if ."'"''' f^ dcing the ithin :' t rrdSstf o 1" '^ "■'.'";"• ""» '■•""• loRue was tl,o ,],c f,-e of T """'' "'° ''•■""''}■ "'' »".- .-ong whon, w s ; , iw , "' "'•"""'■"■ '^ ''""'■"■<' ■"•"•<•<», i" o„;,ivi,v. Olocant ™w '"" I""-'-. »"■! «™. detained . Koclmid, had hmlc , " ,: ,"°"™ ■"'"-"'""'■ ^ prince of Leinster, ""^h.; along ;;: :; : ,: z:r^:f"' ""'i"",";^ -" ^ pcediiy "^' '■'' ^"■'•*'' ""'' ^"PHvity, ^m.Mc.nng tl,oBo t-'-Ks.gnod its victim to tlio tomb. Tl.u.s tlio ,1 ing tlioso circumstiincop, aiithoi lltC8 izo ua Id m I ECCLESIASTICAL nXSTOET OF lEELAND. to place his birth in 387. The followers of Kiall now prepared to return home, and on their arrival in Ireland St. Patrick was sold as a slave. His fidelity in performing the humble duties of his station attracted the notice of Milcho, one of the four brothere in whose service he was en- gaged, and at his desire he was transferred exclusively to his dominion. Dalai-adia, in the county of Antrim, was the place where the Saint's master resided. To the young captive was consigned the care of tending sheep, an occupation that afforded him ample time for attending his de- votional practices. The labor and humiliation of his service must have been distressirg, but one consolation remained,— in the solitude to which his occupation confined him, he recounted and wept over the tepidity of his early youth, and he now began to appreciate the benedictions which the Almighty had hitherto poured upon him ; and as he himself adds, epeakmg of his captivity, « tlie Lord made me sensible of my incredu- lity, that 1 miglit. though late, call to mind my transgressions, and be converted to the Lord my God, who hath regarded my humility, and pitied my youth and my ignorance. I daily tended the flocks, and dur- ing the day prayed frequently. Tlie love and fear of God increased within mo more and more, and liis faith and spirit advanced in me, so that I prayed a hundred times in the day, and almost as often in the Dight. I remained in the woods, and on the mountains, and I arose be- fore the dawning of the light to prayer, amidst the snow, the frost, and the rain, and I suftered not any injury in consequence ; neither did sloth Ut all retard me, because the Holy Gliost was fervent in mo." Such are the admirable ways by which Providence conducts Tis to the paths of perfection, and of his holy desig-ns. Having spent about six yeai-s in those holy exercises, tlio period in which his liberation was destined is now at ha-xd. His slavery was sutHciont to prove the since- rity of his repentance, and to confinn him in the virtues tliat are neces- sary for that exalted station he was soon to assume in the Cliurch of God. His own pen gi ves the narrative of his deliverance, but makes no mention of an angel, as some pretoiul. In his sleep ho was informed that his liberation was arrived, a voice announcing to him, "Thou fastest well, and will soon return to your own country ;" and again the voice rnnounced, "Beliold, a ship is ready for you." And the ship, ho in- fonns us, was two hundred miles distant, and in a part of the Island to which he had been an utter stranger ; but relying on tlie protection of Heaven, which mercifully i^tpqiosod in his behalf, he IcJl his master's Jiouse, and directed his step-* to the port whence ho was to embark for his native land. « And I oaine," lie says, «' in the power of the Lord, who directed my course towards a crod end. and T wn.« iinne, of wheaten bread, and of those viands that W late sensuahty. To the service of God and the poor, he enlZl^Z his property; and thus freeing himself from its inc nnbra^ tl! ^h ul per pance of his sacred functions was his ambitioj'r ^ t ev ,y other concern as foreig:. to the end for which he had Leeu" ed to tlio holy ministry, "-"""' Sucl, «-.« ,1,0 holy lAhop, ,„ ,.,,^,„ ^„„„,^, J, t.atho.i.hH,,,;;™:',^!;,!:'::!^^^^^^^ o „n^e«„K-e. In ,ho .„„,3,o,.y of the MaadVlIi ' r.Xd nP T .1 • ^^'''"••"^> l^isliop of Aries, and St Limn. to the ono at Lerins From M ' n ,' '^°™' " "''"''"^ applicaUo 22 KCCLKSLVSTICAL IIISTOKY OF KEL.VND. St. German. Deprived of its chief pastor, the interests of religion had Biifiered, and the negligence of pastoi-s, or perhaps the ravages of phni- dering hordes tliat infested those territories, liad retarded the progress of Christianity, and obstructed its benign influence on the natives who had been converted. To aid in rescuing religi, , from its tallcn condition, bt. Patrick was eminently qualifled by the long and severe probation which he .mderwcnt in the establishments of Toui-s and Lerins ; and, i..oreover, a ative of the country in which his missionaiy career was to commence, he had an opportunity of becoming ac«iuainted with the cha- racter of the people whom lie wished to reform. Having the approba- tion of St. Germanus, he entered on the duties of the ministry in the dio- cese of Boulogne, and that his laboi-s were successful, the veneration of his memory among the people of Boulogne sufficiently attests ; and hi his selection by St. Germanus to accompany him to Britain, wc know that his conduct merited the approval of his holy patron. The jioison of Pe- lagianism having infested the Church of Britain, it was requisite to select the most lu.ly, as well as the most learned ecclesiastics, to be sent thither to eradicate its erroi-s. Consu.nmate prudence was necessary in treat- ing this disease, as well as discrimination in distinguishing truth irom tho shades of error, with which the Pelagian heresy was mixed. In combat- nig error, the minister of truth must, in his own pei-son, exiiibit virtues whereby to attest the superior excelleuco of his doctrine, and in exposing doctrinal frauds or sophistry, the advocate of sound dogmas must havo regard to the infirmities of his opponents, witliout wounding or irritatin.' their feelings ..r their passi.ms. The author of this heresy was lumself a Bnton-(/^vM7. ;■./',,,„. ,/, mrjmtl,)-and this circuni'stanco of birth vas calculated to produce u partiality (o his doctrines among his coun- trymen. In Saints Gemianus and Lupus, the Koman pontilf, to whom belongs iho solicitude of all churches, found skillful and experienced phy- eicians. Their zeal soon triumphal over tho ditliculties they had to en- counter Tl.ey met the adhen uts of Pelagius in a synod, which was held nt \ orulam. Unavailing disputes consumed the early j.art of the day, without nettling tho questions at issue, until at length tho doctrine ot (Jermanus was miraculously sanctioned by Heaven, and convinced tlioso uho wore present. Tl.e a.lheronts of Pelagius obeyed tho voice of Heaven, and professed belief in tho faith which (iermam.s mlvix^ated. And the object of their mis.sion having been happily accomplishod, Ger- innnus and his nssociatea roturned hoaio to Guul. ECCLESIASTICiL HISTOBi' OF lEELAND 23 CnAPTER V. n. y of loarn.ng (he conduion of tluit county', in which St. Patrick re- BKlod dunng hi. captivity of six y.ars, and wLi. ho know was c^. t'ned to be the theatre of his labo,. and his zeal, nu.st have nuule h n S nutxnns ot the Gospel It appears that to such a consideration St. Qel nanns was not inattentive, for on his arrival at Auxerre, he dine da Pa r.ck to proceed to Rome. Segetius, a priest, 1,, who.n it is su led nstructions fn,m the Roman pontiff regarding the mission to 1 itl wen, conveyed to St. Gennan, was the companion of St. Patrick's i"^ no^ tx the eternal c.ty. St. Celestino t],e« iilled the chair of Peter. 1\ hether he arnvod there or not befon. the departure of Palladius c.n not bo ascertained ; but certain it is that he was well received y I oiH., as a recommon.lation from St. Gennan was calculated to cnW Inionnat.on winch St. Celctine ha.l received, p..bablv fron. the biZi of Auxerro d.rected his attention to the state of Christianity in I. lo guard the sp.ntual welfare of tho nascent Church of Irelmul, the Z. oral super.„tendence of « bishop w,« required ; and in the li.st instan" to I allad.us, a .leacon of the Roman Church, wn. confided tho charge of helnsh nnss>on Tl.e reader is already acquainted with the rc^ „U 1..H rnms,on and lus death ; his .vssociate:., n few only excepted retun . 1 to Ga, Sylve^r and Solinus ren.ined to watch the ,^!^tZ^ n.fim Church. TI.ey have been buried in tho church of Donuu ! d nn.l hen. n.en.nry held in great venernth.u by tho people ' n.e object of St. Patrick's journey to 7io„H, is clearly :,ated by Erne of AuxcTo fVom whom we h.arn, that St. Patrick being approved by tho Pope, received his bonedinH,„i a«.i „.„„ ,r-.-. , - ^ " . . •' "'° T ..^ . , , ■ * ^"^ ""■et«d rr. pr.Heeii (o Jrelimd i.»t.tu,od ,„ i,„ „.,„ ,„ ,1,0 iio„,„„ ,„■„; ,, ,,„., ,„/„,,,,„„ „„;,;;;;* ■jmk 24 ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOKY OF lEELAND. St %Z '7 '-'^""''"^ '' ^'^ ''" i"""'>^l ^«^«t-^ of Pulkdius. repaired S! ^''";'.^;"'"'f ,"^ ^aul, the disciples of his predecessor repaued tluther, and mfonued tl>e saint of the death of Pallad us It now ca,ne n that he should prepare to receive cpiscopanonl a who V ^"^l""^^«^^^ ^'^' "I'l^J'^'^ ^o - 1-oIate of distinguished sanctity ^ .o hved „. the vicinity of Eboria, probably Evreux in Nor n^d / Probus says the nan.e of this bishop was ^.natorex. But be Zthe' b^2 -Id comply with the request of St. Patrick, his friend let lumbers and nnportuned him to abandon an enten^rise, which they re 1 resented as hazardous, and fraught with danger. ^^ pressed on h 3 utten ,on the anguish which his absence and separation from Is Wenl wou d caure ; they accon.pani-d their entreaties with present. aslZes of he. ardent aftection, with tea. and lamentations as i^SZ o e«cct. Ilav mg maturely adopted his future coui^e of action, he w.t8 "Gu ed"h^r'. ™"; '" '''''' ''''''' ^'™-'-- Po-t d out sent o'th T ?' " ^"•^^^'"^' !>--«-"- of Cxod, I neither con eented to the.r entreatu. .or acquiesced in tlien,. ll.is I did not l,v n v Another stratagem was tried, from v hich a more favorable result wn>4 an u.,patod. A fault, as the reader . a.are, comnn-tted i oa y ^ and disclosed to a friend in the bitterness of sorrow and wi h th n ' ance of confidence. bh.tted out in the sincerity or^^^^^^T' Kod nuo light, overwhelmed him with shan.e and con ^^ ' C T^' cu-cun.stances of resistai^ce made to the pron.otion ^^ 7^, j ^ ^Z W convnced A- atorcv that his friends were inm.enced Vmou" u^ ylfl«h .is unworthy ; a m1 that to a renu,nstrance suggeste, C^^ motives, he could not att..ud, neither was he .iisposed to ck^ilr he ilhnent of St Patrick's wishes,-without furtl.er Lay I to" •acred rite of consecration. >-"'iancu tJio From the preceding narrative, flio reader will iierclvn fl.n v 1 , tweeuthe Koman Church, the c ntre of unitrldTl • . "" ;-isdiction, and that of the early .hurd. TLZ^ "Z "TZu- "" ^ n.n .e>.red, and that pcecution ha, been un, 1 p : I: i Lough Cathohe writers nuu-ntain the connection, and tin.ud > H^ W.^ans approve by their anirn,ative this i.n ortant rCn^ii: and \\ are, still some recent udvocitm of flu. 1? .• •■ , ^^'^"^^ .i<.,.ti..i c„„„„. .„ ,,„. j„ ;,::::;:uit j ::r;;r ""™ """■' KCLKUSTICAL lliSTORr OF IWSlAm JJ owrz:' T"°if ^ ''T "*'™» »'"''°'"^-. ■" «">'" of rroT oroveir 7 P '"'" "«l''i«»lJ'" if .mde token ™ !::rtr ""^■!'"'°" "'■■'"■''■" -'"-'<.» wi.h .i, «; cm , .t that '?r '"-n '"""'^ "'■ "" '""' «"-'■■ "■"'»'■' ™- cmrm„ to tliat ot Komc, illustrate thia assertion. Wlien the Dine, who »e, led at Watcrford, were eonverted, that eitv .a, reeled Mo2 »p..eopal see, and a WAop oleeted and eonseerated witllretjwt o m:rcp:t:rt:r~:'r-tri:^ iatiickii.idat least tills inijJicit sanction. Tliat between s. f Whoi, of A„.xerre, and the Iioii,.an See there eul '^«"""m.s, mnnion, no one will donv Tl,„ T, ,"',f "° ""l "•«" '■•""staiit eom. .e.., of the gravest i' 'i:::^ane?.:t rirnt,:::';'!^ '""' "", 7" s..h a ..relate would sanction St. P.rrieVs miZle !;!;:: r:':' ::M^r::r::rz;^:---:---ra..:: --IW,, „f the Almighty, a'liU .o K ^Jtra :;:'•;;'": i''' .'''° .« .is people always l„„,„,d for in,tr„e,ion o, w a" e re ,'S";' :;:r:,::hedr^i:';:r;t;:; r: "-p^^^ cd iMr'Zd "t, "■"'■" '," "'" .''"'""■ ''•'• "' «■''''■'' »'■ r«i.:.k land. -■ ^ - L ii i 4 bore, youio givo the Louur to tho J "f tho principiil linr- ]>.'rt of Wicklow—othere tmy Uiat 26 ELTLESIASTICAL mSTOKY OF IRELAND. Dublin vim tlie port first dignified with the presence of the Apostle. His fii-st attempt to make converts is said to have been unsuccessful- nay, he was repulsed by the natives and obliged to re-embark, and re- flecting tliut the long captivity which he had endured in the north of the kingdom, made him better acquainted with that part of the country- he therefore hoped that his labors would be of more advantage. AVhile he was yet a youth, the people there saw him practice the most exalted virtues. There he served his master with fidelity, and there ho endured privations with cheerfulness, and while his fidcnty to his temporal mas- ter was conspicuous, they saw him unceasingly attentive to those of re- ligion. It is, ihen, not unreasonable to suppose that his former edifying lile woidd have disposed many of those people to embrace the savin- doctrines of the cross. Still a considerable distance from the abode of his captivity, and as a journey by land would be accompanied with in- convenience, It happened opportunely, that the ship in which he sailed lor Ireland, still lay in the sanu) harbor: having again embarked, the vessel reached her destiimtion in safety, and entered a creek which ad- joins the port of Stmngfonl or Dundrum. Here he and his companions lunded, and eager to commence the work of salvation, they jiroceeded into the acyacent country to repose themselves, and without delay con- voi-so with the inhabitants and announce the object of their mission. Beloro they advanced far in the country, they were mot by a herdsman ti the Borvice of the chieftain of the countrv, and imngin'ing that they WPrc robbers, he hastened to give information to hk master, who imme- diately issued forth with an armed force to repel those supposed aggres- 801-s. The appearance of the holy juissionaries soon convinced the chief- tain, Dicho-thus was he numed-ihat his suspicions were unfounded- moved internally by the Almighty, and impressed with the meek and gentle demeanor of St. Put.uk, he, in terms of go..d-will and kindness, invited the missionaries to partake <.f the rites of hosi)itality. St. Tat- rick nccei.ted his invitation, and availing himself of *his favorable con- juncture, he proclaimed to his host the trutlis of redemption and exhorted liim to profit of the grace which was ofleivd. n,o chieftain listened with reHi)ect and attention to the Saint's instruction, and i)rofesse^hip. St. Patrick, though at fii-st disposed to emulate the disintei'csted zeal of St. Paul, the illustrious Apostle of the Gentiles, accepted tliis offering of piety from the hands of his convert. Here a temple to the livin- God was erected, and subsequently a monastery, to which the Saint in the latter stage of his apostolic career oftentimes withdrew, that he nii-ht freely commune with his heavenly Master, and indulge his luve of soli- tude and prayer. It is related that Auxilius, Iserninus, and others, received holy ordera on the same day that St. Patrick was consecrated-and from the same bishop ; these persons are spoken of as his companions on the mission ol Ireland. Whether they accompanied him from Home, or whether they were selected in Gaul, is not ea^sily determined. In the course of our narrative mention will W made of those coinpanions-in tlie sequel of those records will be found the transactions of St. Patrick as the lustory of each province of the Irish Churcli will be developed ' 1 1 m i m i i I 28 ECCLESIASTICAL UISTOBY OF lEELAND. Ev m CHAPTER VI. nr PF.'V; . :e of ABMAGH-TUE PRIMATIAL see op the IRISH CHURCH. St. Patrick having devoted twenty years to his arduous and extra- ordinary mission through the wilds and desert places of the kingdom, everywhere spreading the light of faith by his preaching and miracles, thereby overthrowing the long and dismal empire of Paganism, deter- nimcs on erecting a Metropolitan See. Instnicted by a vision from heaven, he proceeds to the territory , f Macha, the royal city of Emania, and the residence of the kings of Ulster, llie hill on which the city was built was formerly called «' Dniimsaellech," the Hill of Sallows Here he was kindly received by Daire, an opulent man, who gave a grant ot a convenient site on this eminence for the erection of a cathe- dral. This high ground is that on which the city of Armagh now stands, and here the ecclesiastical metropolis of Ireland was established A. I). 455. Suitable edifices were attached for the accommodation of the clergy, and adjacent were structures for the pious of both sexea who were inclined to Ibrsake the world and make a sacrifico of their whole being to the Author of the universe. The remaining yeai-s of St. Patrick were spent in the management of his see, and occa^^ionally at his favorite retreat of Saul, where ho had converted his beloved Dii'ho. Tlio wonderful power of the Most High was signally displayed through the aj)ost(.lic labors of St. Patrick : tlio congregations were provided with bishop., and pastors, all subject to tlio Primatial See ; churches wore consecrated ; houses of education cov- ered the face of the country : in short, a regular II ierarciiy and a Na- tional Church was establislied ; the sanctity and zeal of the people wo., the admiration of distant nations, and tlie isle which they inhabited M-as univemilly known as the land of "saints and learned men." At this period, our Saint held two synods, in which salutary laws relating to morals and disciplin- were enacted. Hie firet of thosJ synods is entitled "Tl.e Synod of St. Patrick ;" the second bears the title of the Synod of MiBiiops, of lulrifk, Auxilius, and Iserniiius. ^■/i'.viftcr 3HURCH. and extra- ! kingdom, 1 miracles, ism, deter- ision from >f Emania, h the city f Sallows. 10 gave a f a catlie- lagh now stablished )dation of oth eexes 3 of their cjemont of ho Jiad [ost Higli rick : the 'ct to tlio tion cov- iid a Na- iple won )ift'd M-ns At this luting to i entitled 10 Sjnod ^'liiKjiKiiam •,CX3LE8IASTICAL HI8TCKY OF lEELAND. £9 The designs oi Heaven accomplished in the conversion of the Irish nation, the time is fast approaching when he is to be summoned to meet Lis Lord and receive the reward of his labors. Of this event he was forewarned by Heaven, and wishing to bequeath his mortal remains to tlie Ecclesiastical Metropolis of Ireland, he prepared to return from Saul where he M-as then tarrying. It is related that on his way to Armagh' he was stopped by an angel and directed to return to Saul, where he was attended by Tassach, bishop of Eathcolpa, near Down, and havin. T I iT i'" f ' ^'^^ ^'''^^'^°^' ''' ^'^I'^rt^d this life on Wednes! day, the ITth March, A. D. 465. The account of his death having spread througnout Ireland, the pre- at B and clergy hastened to Annagh from all quartei. of the kinXn and celebrated his obsequies with unusual pomp. As the prelatefand priests arrived at Saul, each according to his dimity, offered tte d vine rnystenes, and hence the funeral service was kept up seveinl davs T chanting of the divine office was continued without fnterrupt o„ '^^^^^^^^^^ he profusion of torches, the darkness of the night was 'xpelied I^ the mple and ancient language of Fiech's IIym„, it is cLp '^d o Gabaoi:^' ' """' '' *'^ '''^''''' ^' *^^ -^ ^- Joshua'a;ainl: The inhabitants of ArmagL and the people of Down were eauallv anxious that his remains should be deposited among them. It wlTow ev r an-auged that his body should remain in Down, and a gr a po Z" of his iT^ques should be conveyed to Armagh ^ to eternal re,, „„ „,e Dth November, AD. m '""' ""''""'' Jarlatli succcooded A D AP,^ rr. .^i ' oOiia, ,;arjatn and Si>i]nn ,..«..„ i. > , '^ — ' J^'- "^= i-'vo wer^ also o^: 1 „n ^ ™ ."'''^ "'° <"-*'" ol S.. Patriek, b,u fH i 30 ECCLESUS-nCAL HISTORY OF IREI .AOT). X, ^ ^Iy the celebrated one of Arn.agh. This venerable prelate die'l A.D. Ailild the 1st succeeded ; was the son of Trichen, prince of En^t Ul^e, and of royal blood. Ailild and his five brothe.; were dtipil of St. Patrick ; he departed this life on the 13th Ja AD 50? Addd the 2d succeeded ; M-as of the same ii- .3 stock and after an nicumbency of ten years, died on the 1st July, A.D S^Jg Duaeh the 2d succeeded; was the descendant of Colla Iluas nn ancent k.ng of Ireland. He presided over the see of Arma. wd years, and died A.D. 548. " David MacGuaire Ilua Farannan succeeded the same year ; he is called in rtie psalter of Cashel, Fiachrius ; he is also styled le^te Ireland Dav.d governed the see only three yea., and cUed A.S 55 .,.': :: i"- f,"^ ^^^"- ^---^^d tl. same year. He was a • ar cnc.ur..,:,ar of Icnnimg, and enlarged the seminary of Armagh, to ft EOCI.KSUSTICAL IIISTOBY OF lEELVXD. g^ wluch he was a great benefactor ; he was also very active in organizing Cairlan, a native of Ily Niehan, in the county of A^agh, succeeded the same year ; governed the see ten yeai., and died A.D. 588 Eocl.aid Mac Derraott succeeded the same year • is cnllorl \ v i. . i A, mag, lie ,s menuowtlbj- several a,m„li,„ „, „ ,e,„„ i' ' .^^"? ^">'"«i-. ".(? governed the n,elr„rolitan see with meat advant,™ t r ■' T '"■en.,;.eve„ yea,,, he died on the 24,h A^rt^D tS *'"" '" ...e ent:™ r:rir;r:':'ia'° ",""- -"°'''<=™'™"- "o ™ en.inent ,n,l p,.o,id„ love r , r7 T ''""""=^' '"™'-»' »"''"» "»'! l'a.rick;E„eC;ZI:"'''''''f ''"■'''• °""">- "f "'« Acts of St. Bolga, .„' aneho,:. 1 ;*:,,e f 1 e r? r '■ ''"""■"""' »""■"'">•' „o (ln„ ... ""'""^ " "i° lioly Senptures : 1„. .rover,,,..! th. KO h„e,.„ joars, o„d d,ed on the 2Ist Jane, A.I). ISO Cong,,, „,ee.eded ™.e year; he „, „ descendant of An.niraeu, 32 ECCLESIASTICAL inSTOKT OF lEELAND. ill m ii monarch of Ireland. Before liis consecration he was cailed a scribe, a title which belonged to men of lettere, professors, and, above all,' to authors ; was well versed in poetry, and when primate, addressed a poem to Aldus Ollain, king of Ireland, recommending that monarch to punish Aid P.. .an, king of Ulster, for having sacrilegiously plundered eome churches and religious houses in the diocese of Armagh ; he pre- sided over the see twPaty years, and died A.D. 750. In the days of this prelate, Flathbert, king o^' L-eland, abdicated his sceptre and embraced a monastic life at Armc^n, in 734, and died there in 760. Cele-Peter succeeded the same year; was of IlyBrassail or Claa- brasseil, in the county of Annagh. This prelate died A.D. 758. Ferdachry succeeded the same year ; he was the son of Suibne He died A.D. 768. Fendaloch, son of Moenach, succeeded the same year ; he resi, ' . T""^''^' was enforced, became pre^^ant w,u\:i„ n1 wJet T '"'"*: Amagh; it was the basis of an union with the w ^ ''' "^ , engendered public scandal • ' heavy and Lw T ^''''''' '^^ gion. n.e fact« that too.-- , T'^tirlu^^^^^^^^^^^^^ """''''' '' '''"■ the truth of this observatio as Tel as the o';' r*"^ "^^^*^^*^ himself. On the dearh of Flang.Jt ZgeZ IT 1 '''*"»^'" was elected his successor, and .!^Z:^;^2:^ 1^'t election bemg canonical, gave satisfaction to the cWv and ' Artrigi,:s, however, did not a'n-ee with eifhpr P ^^ ^ ""P^®" Eugene, elected in 826, succeeded 828, died A D 834 Farannan succeeded, and was consecrated archbishon nf A During the primacy of Farannan, the Dunes friS A? t^Tlf ' and, and Armagh was marked out as the pi pa U^^^^^^^ ^" ^" In 849 the city was taken by storm the priri i ^«"«^^»««- religious were e.pelled or 'put ^^ ^7Z^\^Cr "' spared, and being allowed to take with him the re W is dm TT' was sent in custody to tlie Danish fleet, then lyinrat T T'.^ mediately after the expulsion of Faranna^ De'Zd Q^Ti "\ '"■ consecrated, and continued to direct the government o^ J^""'!, ""^ four years. Farannan resigned A D g, /'^''^"^^'^* «^ '^'^ ««« during Again the Danes attacked Armagh oT Elf Sund l"." ""P"'' sanctuary, as well as the habitations of man whil tl "'' "''*' '''' at these repeated calamities, langln^sh:d^;tl^ It^r'^'^'^i?-^^ xactna .cceeded same year; he P^sided" twen;;:ttr;:::. I 34 ECCLESUSnCAL IIISTOliY OF lEELAND. Tlie Danes again sacked and burned Arnmgh, having plundered the churcJies and destroyed one thousand pei-sons. Factna died on the Gth ot October, A.D. 874. Ainmire succeeded same year, and entered on the government of the Bee, wluch he held only nine months, and died A.D. 875. A-D^'sTr^''^""" -R'-ibartach succeeded same year, and "died in peace, Malcob Mac Crunvuil succeeded same year, and died, worn out with old age, A.D. 885. _ Malbrigid Mac Doman, of the royal house of Niall, was consecrated m the year S8G ; he had been abbot of Derry and bisliop of Raphoe Urn prelate possessed uncommon erudition, and was called " the orna- ment of Europe." He was a n.an of inflexible justice, and in private or political contests waa chosen un.pire by the princes and noble, of the country. Such was his benevolence, that in the year 908 he traveled to a remote part of Ulster to redeem a captive Briton. lie is ranked among the sain^. of Ireland. Tin, holy prelate died on the 22d Feb A.D. d26 or 7. *' Joseph succeeded, and is styled in the annals of Ulster " Prince of Armagh a wise num, and an anchoret." lie held the see nine yeai-s and (hod m a good old age, A.D. D3G. ' Malpatrick Mac Maoltule, and of tl.e family of Dairo, who seized on lio temporahties ot the see of Arn.agh, succeeded, a.ul is allowed tu have received ep.oo,,al consecration. His priuuvcy lasted only five months, a.Kl lu- ,1 the same year as Jo.opb, A.D. 93(5. Catasach 2d, i ac Dulgin, of Dromtorraig, succeeded, called Comor- ban, or successor of St, Patrick , he died A D 1)57 Muiredaeh, son of Fergus, succeeded, appointed as his predecessor by the hmuly ot Dane, and w.. consecrated; he held tlie see nine yeai-s, and svas deposed A.D. !)(!(;. Dubdaleth the 2d succeeded, and was consecrated archbishop of Armagh ; he was elected superior of all their monasteries by the (;,..„»- bmns oi Ireland and North Hritain, though, according to thtir primiti e r no eoch.su.ne C...UM be raised to that dignity beyond I. si,.,.le pne^ . He governed tbe see thirty-two year., a,ul died A.D. m Murecl.an succecle.l, and goverud (ho see tl.roe years ; his conso- crat.on is generally admitted. lie resigned A.D JOOI _ Melmuiry, son of Eoc'lmd, snccec-ded. Tl.is learned prelate is Htylcd m the Annals of the Four Mas,... " the head of the ek-rgy of wo^t ™ Lnrope- !,e prnu.ipal of all the holy orde. of tbe Westla n.oHso and ern.hte doctor;" wore he a laic, such eulogies «« these wo id lo iiuproperly applied. IIo died A,D. 1020. imso Avould bo ECCLESUSTICAL IIISTOEY OF lEELAND o^ • CO _ In 1011 a pestilence raged in Armagh from November till the be- dTd^r '' "'"•' ''^" ^"' ^"™^' "^^ ^^^^ -*-- «^ this Amalgaid succeeded; visited Munster in order to enforce the law of St Patnck: ausage wlucli referred to the temporalities of the primJ tml ..a He ,s supposed to have been a layman, as during his time there resKled a b.hop, regularly consecrated (named Maeltule). An'l gaid died A.D, 1050. ^ Dubdaleth the 3d, succeeded ; was one of the eight laymen to whom St Bernard alluded. When he assun.ed the manfgem nt of the «ee, Hugh O'Fairreth, who succeeded him in his profLorlh p wt m 10.6 Dubdaleth was a learned annalist, and wrote an account of the ^ Cumasach O'Herudan w, . next in succession ; resigned the year oi ^n^z: '''' ' ^^" ^" ' '-' "^"^^- "« ^'^ etppose^tir: M^lisa, the son of Amalgaid, was an usurper, held the see twentv seven years ; he visited Munster for the purpose of exactl H.^ ^i' revenues ; he died at Armagh on the 2,L7B:llZlDmr' DonaldMac Amalgaid and brother to M.lisa usurped the pHma- ial Bee; he vi«ited Munstor and other places for the pTrpose of e act ng the usual revenues. A dreadful plague raged thro J :el j l"" fl« If m ,.,n,.shment of this abon.iuable practice- a rrenoral iZ ^' claimed, in order to appease the anger of I o- ^n with t ^'^^^^^ and people complied. Coin.comerad. O^B^Z^^r^:^:::^^:'^' b.«bop of Am,agh. St. Bernard alhules to eiglTt Z^rT^'^ St Cel lach or Celsus, son of Ai.l, son of M.eli:, was ^ Lt „roh l.shop by t e clergy and people ; .as consecrated o the f^^ h^ o f S t Adamiinn, the 2'M of Senfembpr 1 \m TT., . ., '*-^"^"' '^^ '^f- ft JO? of Taslul. A synod WW held on tie hill of IJsnoy, in tl ociuifigly in the . , .V*'iiMlll, Ibis or, '" th(^ barony of Kathconruth and Ill 'i ! 36 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEY OF tliEI^ND. comity of Westmea^:. Celsus attended, together with M*lmun-j U I)imain, archbisliop of Cashel, and fifty other bishops, three hundred and seventeen priests, and a vast number of inferior clergy. Tlie mo- narcli and all the princes of the kingdom were also present. From the decrees pa.«ed at this synod, salutary results were soon apparent,-tho Church ot Ireland enjoyed repose,-breache8 in discipline and iiiorals, Avhich crept in during two centuries, were repaired. Tlie see of Cashel Avas raised to metropolitan dignity or canonical jurisdiction, with cha,-o over the southern province ; to this important act of the synod the con- hrmation of Innocent n. gave strength and efficacy. Celsus was intent on other improvements. Tlie number of small or minor seea caused much inconvenience; to remedy this, Celsus convened another synod m 1118, at Rathbrassail, in the county of Armagh, at which Gill- bert, bishop of Limerick presided, in capacity of legate apostolic for Ire and. Lesides Celsus, Ma^lisa, archbishop of Cashel, and other bishops were present, along with clergy of various ranks. In this synod the number of dioceses was reduced to twenty-four, leaving Dublin* still Bnhject to Canterbury. Tl.e lands of the church wore exempted from t,nbute, rent8,and other contributions, and were to remain free and in- dependent forever. The legate closed the synod with a benediction on those who would observe its ordinances, and on the other han.l a curso on th)se who would violate its decrees. Celsus was an author, and >vroto"SumniaTheologicas" "Testamentum ad Ecclesias," " J)e sue- cessione Malachi«3." Was only twenty-soven yea.^ of age when pro- inot^'d to the primacy. Celsus manifested great an.xiety that Malachy O Moore should succeed him, and therefore sent him his staff as a token of his desire ; he moreover ardently exhorted the princes ol' the country If they venenUedSt. Patrick, to establish Malach; as their metropolitan of Armagh and p. =,nate of the Irish Church. Worn by caro and incessant labor, t us illustrious prelate died at Ardpatrick, in the county of LinK.-,ck, on the 1st of April, A.D. 112!); he was interred at Lisnfore. Maurice MacDonald, a man of noble birth, usurped the see, and, as St. Bernard says, "ruled not a« a bishop, but grievously oppressed, as a tyrant. Notwithstanding his usurpation, ho maintained possession of the see three yea.-s-at length evicted, ho expiated his crime, and died, lull ol remoi-80, in 1134. St Malachy O'Mooro, in tho year 1134 succeeded the usunior. Ancr be.ng on amed priest by Celsus in 1120, he repaired to Lismoro to cou.plete ns thoo ogicnl studies, which ho already begun under tho }>u...H and learned Lnar, of Armagh. On his return to Anm.gh ho wa. l-Iaced over tho Momvstery of Bangor, which he rebuilt and restored to .tfl ancient d.scij,lino. In 1124 ho waa made Bishop of Connor, a dl^ ECCmiASTICAL nrSTORY OF IBELAND. n% Wind, he accepted With reluctance. His pastoral H .• . ^' formed with patience and zeal and «n «ff ! n ^"^'^^ ^° P^r- of the peoplefthat he w. Zt e e tt:^^e?T '^^ "^^"^'^ o*- Annagh. In 1130, Malachy moved towards Z T' P"" ^^'«"« dictated that he should reside It some S ce t'lt' f T''^"^^ usurper. Great indeed were his trials and Tffl . ^"''^' "^ *^'« yea., which he devoted to the go^c^^ ," Lf^r'T- " "^ "" ^^''^^ efforts toward the re-ostabli^hmeft J . -^'"""^"''^^ S'^^- "^^ Ijowcver, crowned with sul^ ~X^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ "-''''" --' those hereditary abuses by wl ic^ tie Sol ' T ' *^'' "'""^^•'^" «^ might return, as ht .solved inl , "^^ ^'^tracted. That ho tl^e See of Al-mag,: a:t^X^'J;;Z. " '' 'T'' '^ '-'^^' pie, as his successor, Geh.sL AM.ot of n ''"''"' '^ '^^^''^^^ '"^"^^ P^^" '« ner. To the rc.uest of St V,.l , , "^ '"'''* ^'^^^ous man- -i.n.a ,i„.e u 1.:?:,, J ;^^^^^^^^^ H"-". .... „„po »o..gi.t i,j, ,1,0 <.„„,„,„„ „,ff,„,„. ,r 1™,, , ."^'^ "'"' ''"'"'<' '"> »nuird m u lew days ufVer, on tl.o Feast of '•'«*d liira with ,j*'J. liowov St. Luke, ho was seized with er, In a fuvur .38 ECCI^SIASTICAL mSTOKY OF lEELAOT}. !! and expired in this favorite monastery on the 2d of November, A.D. 1148, in tlie 54th year of his age. St. Bernard, in whose arms lie died, planitively lamented his death. His body was interred at Clairvaux, but in the year 1194, his relics were translated to Ireland, and received with great honor in the Abbey of Mellifont. St. Bernard preached the funeral oration on the day of his interment, and pronounced a second panegyric on the anniversary. It is highly probable that St. Bernard acfjuainted the Sovereign Pon- tiff, who was formerly a monk of Clairvaux, with the death of Malachy, and also, with the nature of his mission to Home. With Malachy, the Pontiff had been well acquainted. At all events. Cardinal Paparo ac- companied by Christian, Bishop of Lismore and Legate Apostolic, ar- rived in Ireland in the year 1151, bi-inging with him four palliums for the Sees of Armagh, Dublin, Cashel, and Tuam. It may be asked, why St. Malachy seemed so solicitous to have this eacred badge conferred on the Archicpiscopal Sees of Ireland? A few observations on the use of the pallium will answer the interrogatory. Tlic pallium is the jirincipal ornnnient of ecclesiastical jurisdiction, taken from the body of St. Pet. r mid given by the reigning pontiff to arch- bishops, conferring the plenitude of the pastoral office. It is nade of white wool and of the fleeces of Iambs which virgins tend and rear, as it is an emblem of innocence and integrity. It is like a stole with four crosses of either black or purple color, aiid sui-rounds the shoulders and ia also dependent from the breast. Its signilication is mystical, and reminds the prelate who wears it that he is the spiritual shepherd, and that he ia to exercise due vigilance lest any of his flock should stray from his fold, and that he i.s obliged to rais(>, as if on his shoidders, and bring back to the pastures of salvation the lost sheep, as it has been redeemed by the blood of the innnaculate Lamb. The pallium is blessed and consecrated by the Roman Pontiff on tho altar of St. Peter, laid over liis tomb, and then received by tho arch- bishops, if present, or by their i)rocuratoi-s. lliis ceremony denotes that by the pallium is conferred u portion of 'ho poutitical authority, which, by the concession of Christ, princiiially resides in Peter and his lawful successors. In order then, that a matter of such importance would be condriitod wiUi bcconn"iig Bolemnity, a national council was held at Kells. in tho couuty of Meath, on the Dth of March, A.D. 1152. Besides the cardi- nal, who presided, and Christian, Bishop of Lismore and Apostolic; Legato of Ireland, there were present (ielasius. Primate ; Doianald O'Lunergan, Archbishop of Ciwhell ; (Jrcgory, Bishop of Dublin ; (JioUa na Noemho, or Isoliumias LaigTieacii, Bishop of Olendalocli ; Dungal O'Cocllaidliy, KCCLE8IASTICAL lUSTOHY OF lEELAlO). 39 Bishop Of Leighim ; Fostins, Bisl.op of Watei-ford ; Domnald OTo^rartv Vicar-General of the Bishon of Osgorv Finn Tr„ i- ""^^^S^^W, Ki,a,„.; OUMa .„ Ch„i,„i,e oSi^a^ryt ^S ^Z 1 nek O La„a,„ B,shop of Connor ; a„,l Ma^lisa MacclericL™ , ml mienoi cleigy (tlirce tliousand) were also present. lin Ivr '' ''"" ^'"''''" *^'"* '^'' i^^"'""^ ^^-^ ^'^^^"ded for the Sees of Dub were absent t ^Wdid 7"'''"' ''^ P-Iates of severll sees onlXrr Ll 'TflT';' ■; '""/ °°°"°-' »»""• i-™"'. - practice of reoeivintr uionov for thr \ ■ ^' ^ "''"''''"' ^"^ ^ho bad «opr.. an,i .m:^;:?!: ':::ri;: tv*''' "'° """ •" carried on, vol UdwicI, d,..i„,„. .■ ,' V '"'''''' "' l'»t""tato8 >'"> l..nb vl. In 1 , ™Xr^^ «• '"'■"""• I- «■'«- .1.... «....:, o.-,„o „,„,,, nt,:;„if;^r":i:t »;::,'•» "'""r- . «N,n.d, N„,l,in« rolativo ,„ •u„nJ^]^TlJr'' T "'"" ™"- ..anUing .li'o,o„r ^,2." tL ! l Jr,*"-" °^ T '"' ""'»"'- "nnn» „I iIh. ,,rocoodi.,g, at tho Com,. 3 40 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOBY OF XEELAifD. » cil Of Kells, Ledwich gravely assures us that the object of Paparo's le. gation was to extinguish the ancient doctrines and discipline of the Irish Church. He also affirms that the coffers of the Cardinal Legate were on th,s occasion replenished by the bestowal of the palliums, and in doing so he gives a sample of falsehood and malice which well accords witli Jus desertion from the ancient faith. In this synod tlie lii-st attempt to introduce the payment of tithes was made ; but the Legate could not succeed, as his proposition was immc dia tely rejected. Tliat such an innovation would be agreeable to Led- wich IS plain, as he asserts that human wisdom could scarcely discover u more equitable and less burdensome provision fOr the clergy. Tlie Legate having terminated the proceedings of the council remam- ed a short time in Ireland, and on the 24th March, 1152, set out on his journey to Eoine. ^ Some Irish Protestant writers, anxious to assimilate the ancient doc- tnnes and practices of our church to those of their own, insist, that maj-r,age was not prohibited among the clergy, and that St. Malachy and_ St Bernard were the fii-st to introduce the salutary discipline ot clerica celibacy. If the zeal of St. Malachy had been directed against the violation of this holy practice, its occasional infraction is no reason that It should displease modern sectaries ; as well al)olish the sacred tio ot_ marriage, because those in its holy bonds, by acts of turpitude and laitJilessness scorn its sanctity; as well censure the honest pureuits of commerce, because unprincipled tradei-s commit frauds the most shame- ul and acts the most dishonorable. Li the annals of our church, very little. It any, can be traced, whicli would require the zeal of a Malachy lu this respect ; had he lived until English invadere came to civilize and reform, the abuses of British ecclesiastics would call forth all his energy and authority. If there be mention of men who were in the state of niarnage, having entered the sanctuary, it must bo undei-stood that they were free to choose this state, either released by the death or by mu- tual consent, of their wives, as was the practice all over the Church TIio discipline which the Pagan priesthood of Ireland observed, and which resembled the Lovitical law, cannot bo tolerated even in tho priests of tho perfect dispcnsation,-nay, oven tho glory of pagan Italy in ite vestal vir-ins, cannot bo endured by those, who boost of their pri- vate judgment and their evangelical liberty. Hero then they are con- sistent, as the disciples aro not above their German patriarch Luther, who, weary of obedience and of continonco, cast otf all restraint, and married a nun, wlio proved to be a mate swayed with siuiihir impulses as his own; an.l their Cranmer, of Canterbury, who imported in a cask a German wife, lest the kuowierigo .jf his incontiuenco by King Henry KCCT.KSUSTICAL HI8T0Er OF IBELAND. ' ^i Vm would haaten his head to the block. Worshipei^ of llesh and blood, thej judge the holy ministers of the altar subject to the same iu- hrmities as themselves, not discerning that the burden of the Lord is light, and his yoke sweet. Ovn- adversaries, on this point of ecclesiastical discipline contend, that « e holy pontiff Gregory VII. imposed this intolerable tyramiy o^ the Bklf^fT, ?""'?:"^™"*^^^ ^- brief Bketch of Ins miportant subject may not be unacceptable to the reader ita early history cannot be here misquoted. ' Hie name of this illustrious Pontiff and Saint is derided by Protes- tants who endeavor to heap upon him the odium of enforcing, as they say, tlus ancient discipline. The age in which he flourished s desil na d the Ilddebrandine, as if he had attempted to propagate an erro ff faith or discipline. In his encounters with the ubuscsof theageand he usuiTa ions of the secular power, he bore trials and affliction,\nd d d at length m exile because he loved justice and hated iniquity, because tltff^ rf''' '" ^^P^^^^^' ^' «*• ^^^-'« -ccessor%n' he Tarn In the year 385 a letter was written by the Roman pontiff Siricius to lunenus, bishop of Terracona, in Africa, in which the bishop en suited his predecessor Pope Damasus, on some subjects of discTpl ne Amongs-t the rest he asks : What is to be done with e clesiastics ufCw orders, who forgetful of their obligations, ceased to observe thelaw of cehbacy. Some of them alleged ignorance of the precept,^tll. that they were observant of the practice of the Jewish law ^ric ^ m his answer, at once affirms, that all are bound by the law of ceiracy and hat those who violated this precept were guiljy of a heinous r^e' h! ' ' All f '" l^'^l^^'-;- -— t with the one and the other. All of us, priests and Levites, are bound by this indissolubl« aw, so hat from the day of our ordination we devot'e our Lrs and have fallen through ignorance-wo say that mercy is to bo extended ff they dmpose themselves to continue continent As to tho,! T T the excuse of this illicit privilege, let the::\not a Z7 ^^ ^-^ j;hile they engage in obscene .W^lll^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Cliurrl. Tr«,.„ 41 . i-oiir. an mcruaso 01 noiior •■ in tiio Church. Here then wo have sufficient testimony of tho antiquity of m ECCLESUSTICAL HISTOEY OF IKKLAND. »lrf 1 «ns d:sc>phnc, and that it was long prior to the pontificate of Grcor, menth. 'iff' " ''"^'^* information as to the manner of treat- ThTL^ T^ll ^""T *'^''^' '^'^^ ecclesiastics who had violated the law of celibacy. Lmocent replies, that the instructions of his pre. Iroa h h f«^-f -al honor, and were not to be pennitted to approach the mm.try-that should be perfonned in a state of conti- nence Here, agam, we have the authority of Innocent I, enforcin.. he observance of this precept, A.D. 405. precisely six hundred and sjxty-eight yea. before the accession of Gregory' to the polcat bra f V n,t ^ '"T? f *'' "^ ^" "^ ''' -™« «-« ^-^urbed by a lay pretender, who had seized on St. Patrick's staff, which was feud tt; . ' '''' ^'' '"'' "^"^^^ «^^"P^^^ ^° 1"-ting the feud that had anson among the princes of the country, kparo car^ hosp tablv entortamod; in 1161 ],o consecrated Lawrence O'Toole Clane, coun y Iv.ldare, ,n which it was decided, that no pe,.on should be appo,nted pro essor of theology in any of the schools of Irelandr n less he had pre^nously studied at Armagh; in 1170 he conven d a aynod at Armagh. Tlie English at this time invau i Ire and the m.pt.on of British troops-the shedding of blood which foHowed t T1~T ""'" "' "^"""^ '^^'^'■^"•^' -^ «*''- national ev made a deep nnpression on the minds of the people, as sure exnosi on ' of Divme anger. Tl.ese subject, were debated b; the syn" "n^^ was cone udod that God chastised the people for thi jJCd ^a"! and selhng them as slaves; on this account, the offended Deity had they conceived, selected the Britons, as the instruments of s ven geance. It was therefore decreed that evomr F. v i , , be immediately set at libe^ In 17.]!? " ^'"^ " '''"''^ Connaught big then e^C^e II^^^^^^^^^^^ his ago. ' • "^*' ""^ '" "•« eighty-seventh year of Conielius Mac Conoaledo succeeded in this year; ho was abbot of !.o monastery of SS. Peter and Paul, at Armagh. Soon aft" t con .eoration he traveled for Eome, and died there, lu the year 1 5 s t 1 ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOKT OF lEELAND. 48 Gilbert O'Caran, bishop of Eaplioe, was translated to Armacli Gil. bert died A.D. 1180. ^ ' Tliomas O'Connor succeeded, and held the see only four years • having resigned the primacy, preferring solitude or retirement. In 1181 he held a visitation in Tyrone. ^ MoBlisa O'Carrol, bishop of Clogher, was translated to Armagh Soon after, on his way to Eome, he died, A.D. 1184. ' Amlave O'Murid, succeeded; governed the see but one year, and died A.D. 1185. '' ' Hiomas O'Connor, who had before resigned, now resumed the gov- ernment of the primatial see. According to the annals of St. Mary's abbey, Dublin, he was " a noble and religious man." Havin.. presided sixteen yea.^, he died A.D. 1201, and was honorably interred in the abbey of Mellifont. Eugene Mac Gillivider succeeued in the government of the see, and contmued therein, until A.D. 1216, having died at Rome soon after the termmation of the fourth general council of Lateran. Luke Kettenille, arclideacon of Arniagli, and a man of prudence and learning, was elected by the chapter, without licence of the ki,i<. Having gone to London, the king refused to confirm his election ; tlS opposition of the king united the chapter the more. Tlie royal licence being however obtained, he was again cliosen and confirmed by tlio Pope; was consecrated in 1217, by Stephen Langtou, archbishop of l^anterbury. He pi-esided over the see ten years, and died A.D. l'^2r and was buried, as some say, in the abbey of Mellifont, or in the Domi- mnucan Convent at Drogheda, to which he was a munificent bene- lactor. Donatus 0'rida3bra, bishop of Clogher, was translated to the see ol Armagh; he obtained the royal assent, but Pope Gregory IX. issued a bul in favor of Nicholas, canon of Armagh. Donatus, however, re- tained possession of the see during his lifo, and died in England A.D. Albert, styled Coloniensis, was consecrated at Westminster, returned to Annagh, but resigned tlie government of the see about seven yea™ afterwards, and died on the Continent. At this time the mercenarr proceedings of many chief govenioi-s of Ireland, on the death or rosi> nation of a bishop, became very repreliensible : to withhold tho royal assent, or discover some informality in the acts of the chapter, in order to keep the see vacant, and that tlic revenues might be diverted, were ma teiyf ordinary occurrence, n.is was an abuse which the canon, or the law of the realm did not contemplate; but Iimocent iV., into il u hi u IT 'i I' EOCLESUSTICAL HISTOBT OP lEELAND. «„r,..„l:„ • '^^ ™ ecclesiastic was distinguished bv his general chapter of h« order, held in Bononia (Bologna), mi at wh d! and thence to K„„,e, during the pontiiicate of ' 0,1™ I Y Havt ' rr;:r°.jfd:^:rzr:^o^sr-'°"--^ -^3 election; ^^'.7:Xi:nTr:^^':sia::o'7 T""r^ admiration and:~ '" ''" «™™' ™'*"'' gained this pri^at, .f !?::t;; jjs ^i-- tir ir — t -j :i:::rp:rc;i:!:xr:rrtx^^^^^ ri.,, conflm, to ,on and' youLZZ^^^^: v^ZyTTlTt :-;i:'2rSr:;dfr;:';:^^^^^^^^^ obedience and reverence, as to their'pril,^ " ' " '"~"""' "« Mac'I^aU.t apir'of^A^ T 7 """"""° "»'""™'- "'■ , V. V. i^nmate 01 Armagh refers to t in t'lr- 1 ifK . o 11 iu Lao iiUl pugo of isecration of ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IKELAOT) , . '45 his « Jus Primatiale Armacantim." Be this m it rr^nrr fi ^ -ot f„„„d in the Roman coUeclioa of bull,- LZd ! 1,^ \ T" collection of the Domimoan order to whi^h n"« ^', T"" '" ""* Annagh belonged ; tbirdl,, not t^.^il'^yl^Z'^^^:^''^''.''^,:' apostolical archives ; and moreorer they assert ftatn^o^' ' '° '> cisi.e in itself, had not been produced b^Sr pLiet orT '° " so., dnring the eontrovc^^y on this subject ^' '""* Tl,e primate Patrick O'Scanlan bavins ruled the ».e ,™ jn .be monaster, of St. Leonard, a. Dun™ k T^ Tj"'"; '^"^ burMinaco„ven.ofbisow„ord;r,atDr:Xl • '"' °°' ™ A™gbwereeo;;i'';:it;rof:*i rTa:;.tr''*"' " riched the Churcli wifli T.«^i.o . "eanty , he likewise en- twent, mares, :t^::l "^^'.T^lZ :;\T ^TV^"^^'^'^ ^^ twenty yeai-s. He presided over the sertLirH ^""'"■^^«'"°' ^»™? t]ie 10th May, A.D. 1303. tl^^^ty-one years, and died on John Taaffe, a Franciscan friar, sncceeded, in 1306 Th ^. died'tbcre the .ear" ^ZZJ!Z ™ ^""'""'"^ " «°™- Walter de Jorso or Joyce, a learned Dominican «„e,...l ^ consecrated a^bWshop by Nicbol.^, cardinal of (^^ITr* ' ™ Mded avo yeare, and resigned. His love of „'."""""' '" ^SOS; pre- assi.^d a, the causes which ind td ^ „ TT """ '""""" .ory of this family i. given by na,2in I'^gI:/'^:"- '^V'"' fourteen tribes. Walter, the primate, resigned Ad'mi °'" °' "" I. Martmus, of Bononia (Boloma^ a n„ ■ «.eyear, according to the annals rfa" £""".'"'"»"■ '""■^""'ied, the l>y Pope Clement V. Domm.cans, was appointed w^ *:"» DonZr; eSr;;,: '°.^""-/°^-. -bo resigned, «f Laving his er« bo™e befo,^ 1 m n^r ^-V''- ^^ ^S"' puled, nor was this oonU.y.Z.:^^!'^'''^''^ '' ^'''''''"' ™ d- m, -emiina.vu dunng his incumbency. He m ECCLESUSnCAL HTSTOEY OF IKELAND. presided eight years, and adopting the example of his brother, he resigned on tiie 20th March, A.D. 1321. ' by Pope John XXII, and was restored to the temporals by Edward U 2e^ r "'""^^ '''' oharacterofthisVightVelategave' the nation some hope m its despondency. He wa« commended for his noble extraction, sound morals, eminent knowledge, and zealor. dis- cJiarge ot his ecclesiastical duties. He died A.D. 1333. David O'lleraghty was his successor; he was' consecrated at A^n'^ non, in January 1334, and received the temporalities in tlie fol]owin°<. month of March. Tlie controversy relative to the carrying of the cross was agam revived. Summoned to attend a parliament, held in 1337 preparations were made in St. Maiy s abbey, near Dublin, for the pri! mates appearance, and among the accustomed ceremonies was to be preceded by his cross. Tlie bishop of Dublin, his vic^xr-ceneral the mayor and bailiffs of the city were enjoined by 'the king's writ to off:: no resistance to the proceedings of the primate; nevertheless, the pri- mate was molested by Alexander de Bicknor, archbishop of Dublin, the ftTQ^rt P"^^^°.'^"*''""^-^« «f the city. David, the primate, ou the 29th November, in the same year, caused those clauses of Pope Urban s bull, confirming the privileges of the see of Armagh, to be pub- h^hed and exemplified under the gi-eat seal of Ireland, llie annals ot ^enagh, and other records, bear testimony to the pastoral merits -.f this prelate, designating him as a man wise, zealous, and worthy of the ex- alted station he occupied in the Church. David died on the 16th May, Eichard Fitz Ralph was his successor-had been Chancellor of the University of Oxford-was appointed by Pope Clement V., and conse- cratea at Exeter by John de Grandison, Bisliop of that See, and three other assistant prelates. He was a very learned and excellent prelate. Already he had obtained from Edward HI. several lettei-s author- ising nm to have his cross borne before him in every part of Ireland, and at the same time commanding the peers and other authorities t<; assist him m the prosecution of liis right. Tims armed, Richard pro- ceeded to Dublin and took up his residence in the citv. On the follow ing morning he proclaimed tlie privileges of the See o> Armagh and the uU of Urban IV., m the presence of the Lord Justice of Ireland, the I nor of Kilmainham, and several of t^e nobility; and also the eentence of Excommunication against all those who would op- pose h.m. liis step, however, was not etfccfunl, as he was pro- vented from appearing in public with anv ba.lg., nf prim-fi.-! di-t-n- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEY OF lEKT.AKD. tion, and obliged to return to Drogheda, whore he denormced all fh. :ZT: 7'' excommunicated. Some of the n^ m ' " ^^^^^^ to Drogheda and were absolved from the censure. The Pr^ Tf K f manham sent messengers imploring forgiveness- but !V-Tf f their return, nor was he allowed ClltiJ^^Zl/JtuX^^^ from the excommunication by the Primate ^ ^ "^^^ Tlie contentions that arose between this Prin^ate and th. V. i a c«„ciliali„„ wasetaedL ^ "'«7™ of ,l,c King ,„-,„^,f «.e regaining p„ *to o .:?""S^rM^ ™ "" "' ~' """"»" UU Provincial Constitution, rtid, „™ . . ' '^'"""'"■"'S", in 1348 "....■0. He presided e l" ^?'Z ?'"' ""''"''""■-' '"- it, ...>d .0 coiioct tho I of h w.; *rr-'""'''''"'"""s-'>'-"« ('o.mcil of Constance held in .H. * iestoratio,. To ,1,: «inJn„e,A.D.l««:Ll":Zr,'l^":'"^P.°-- «i=M.. Icda. burled in Si p, eU:rs Church, Dr ■og. 48 KCCLESIASTICAI. IIISTOEY OF mELAND. I i 1! ■I i John Swayne, Koctor of Giiltrim, in Meath, succeeded, and was con- secrated at Rome, in February, 1417. Thv. controA eray of precedence being renewed, a provincial synod was lield at Droglioda early in Octo- ber 1427. TJio Primate was immediately after summoned to attend a parliament in Dublin, but declined, on the i)lea of being prevented by the clergy of Dublin from entering the city in a manner consistent with Jiis Prinuitial dignity and autliority. In asserting other claims as per- taining to his See, he was particidarly successful. As an Ileriot, ho was allowed to possess the principal goods of a suffragan. In process of time the best horse, cup, and ring of the deceased i)relate, were claimed by the Primate under severe penalties. Primate Jolin having governed the see more tlian twenty-one yeare, resigned A. D. 1439. lie founded a sanctuary in St. Peter's Cinirch, Drcglieda, wluch he dedicated to St. Anne. He died soon after ami was bui-ied in this ch-M-ch — Droglioda. Jolm Prene, Archdeacon and Oflicial of Armagh, was by Pojw Eu- gene IV. ajipointed Archbishop and c-nsecrated about the end of No- vember, 1430. lie died on the 13th of June, 1443, and was buried in St. Fechin's Church. On the decease of Archbishop Preno, Richard Tall)ot, In-other to John Lord Furnival, was elected primate by the Dean ami Cha])ter of Ar- inagli, but lefused to accej)t the dignity. John lU^y, Oflicial of ISfcatli, Vicar of Delvin atul Kilmessan, and Clerk of iVrmagh, Avas jirovided by Po])o Kugcne IV., and consecrated en the 20th of Juno, 1444; obstructed in his riglit by the Archbishop of Di.l lin, he refused to attend in parliament. John Mey died A.D. 14.50. Jolm Polo, Ab])ot of St. IVfary's ]\ronastery at Navan, succeeded in 1457. lie obtained from Edward IV. a coi-'irmation (.f the jjrivileges of his sec. He held a jirovincial synod in St. Peter's Church, Drogheda, on the Otli of Juno, 14(10, and died on the 18th of February, A.D. 1470. IIund)ert do Rotomago, or Rouen, must have been coadjutor in 1404, in the jHiiitilicafe of Pius XT., according to the Dominican Annals. John Fo.xall, u I'runciscan, was api)oiiited to the see by Sixtus IV. He died in the second year of his consecratiuu while in Engiaml, A.D. 1470. Edmund Connesberg succeeded— was consecrated in 1477. About this jieriod Ocfii\ ianus do Palatio, a Florentine, Nuncio of t'm Apostolic See, was cojmnissioned to rej>air to Ireland, and was ajipoinfcd (Jnvcnior of the Cliurch of Armagh, in spirituals and temporals. J'ldmuiid agreed to resign on tlio 10th of November, 1470, Htijudating for u yearly pen- mm of seventy marks, Irish money. Octaviamis do I'alatio was advanced to tho See by Sextus TV., and con6C■crato^i bcfol'u lliu cad of March following, showetl mtich energy and 11 ECCr.K8IA8TIC.VI. 1II8TOKY OF IKEI.AND. ^q firmness in defending tl.ose rigl^ts wl.ich his predecessors so «f. ma.ntai„ed. Oetuvian convened six provincial ynT ! ""^ •June, ioiti, and was buricfl wlf], r^,..>.,*. i •, . '' ' " W creed in the ClnJ:', i:!^^::^^ ^" ' ^""^ ^'''' '' J'^I'" Kite, a native ofLondon, who had been ambassador tn V Ilcniy, HI Si,air,, was advanced to the ,,ri,i,acv ,,v T v , ? "^ dK,l ,„ ,„c, Village „,■ sa,„„,, „„„ ;.„„!_ „; l"' „, 'j '^ i"" t George Cromer, an Engli niagh in April 1520 „r, """' ".^« ^«"««crated Archbishop of Ap- land, irf"; i;"T' "" ""';*^^"' ""^^« ^-1 Cluvneelior of Ire- pnnnacy mivo is i,n>l,.fo .m , ■ . ecclesiastical su- i J fcii*^ .18 pielateun oj)portunity uf disDbivIn,, i,: 'n>«.ng zeal in defending the inte-n-itv of I > r ^ ^ '"""'"^"'^ 'leath, A.I). ].543. ^ '^ ''^ ^''^ ^'^^^'"''^ <"'tl» until his vocate of Cath^ici^S IX • ' ^Z^itrlt "^ ^^'" '^^'^ ■■l"-frc ..f in. i r,.,° fnr A ■"? ;"""• ""' """""^ ■" 'I- '1- i™ /o. ,,„„ „„ 1, .-.„ o„ i: t k;;;::;;''™'' '''V'"-'" ^"'•- ««.'.'mlo,l ilu. ll„„,„. II.. .„„rr °"""™'' '"' »■"• "'"'""I "hen Alary l.«v,„K ,lk,,„„.,| „f |,i, ,„„,,|„„ ..„'•"' "''''"" "»•" »i«l„.., ,„„i ' :" '» "•• I- I... ;;:;'::,,'; ',;';:,:;"," . ""«'"■■■■■"••< nionnngapp„i,„,,| iur thesbin to s..il ,,',""" ^'f^nas. 0„ the anchor «nd departed ^1,^ N^'T'^' """ "* '" '"' '""»■•''' ^^•-'kIumI i ^- ^^''^"^^'^•l"ml.-c«unu.dtot.h0Bhore, tboship ?l 50 ECX:LESIA8TICAL UISTOKV of 1EELA2^D. I J waa m view. He made frequent signs, but in vain. Observing tlie sliip IJfeave considerably, on account of some mismanagement by the crew, she was engulplied in the waters and every one on board perished. An event by wliich liis life was prolonged was regarded by Eichard aa an express indication of the will of Providence ; and immediately he iormed a resolve to consecrate his faculties to the service of religion. In Louvain, whither lie withdrew, ho pursued his studies and became an eminent theologian and canonist. He afterwards repaired to Rome, and was nominated by the Pope, Archbishop of Armagh. He was pois- oned in the Tower of London on the 14th of October, A.D. 1585. Edward Macgauran, a native of Ulster, was promoted to the See of Armagh, and consecrated at Rome. He coula not find an opportunity of returning to his native country until the beginning of the year 159i. Hie fury of the pei-socution raged at this time with redoubled violence! and wtus particularly directed against the Primate- of the Irish Church! It was impossible to exercise episcopal functions publicly. Thus situa- ted, the venerable Prelate was driven to take shelter in the lonely cot- tages of the poor, and sometimes concealed himself in the mansions of tlie Catholic gentry of Ulster. AV^hile the Deputy, Russel, ofiercd re- wards for his arrest, Sfaguire, Lord of Fermanagh, and other Irish chief- tains, invited him to renuiin with themselves, and by this means he eluded his pui-suers. At length recognized by the satellites of the gov- ernnient, while engaged in confessing a dying num, he waa mortally wounded, and died uiur Annagli, A.D. 15!iS. Peter Londjard, succeeded ; was the son rf an opulent merchant in flio city of Waterford, who gave his eon a lil al education, and placed him under Cumden, who had been professor ni AVestminster school. Canidl«n here testimony to the ■••orth of his pupil, calling him "ayoutli of mln.iral.le docility." He soon attor repaired to L.uvain, then, one of tho «i-st literary establishments in Europe. Students fn.n. all parts of the Continent llo-ked thither ; anS. Promoti.m to the episcpacy WU8 then promotion to the gall..ws ; neither dare ho re- turn to his diocese, the administration of which was entrusted to the • are of u viear-g.-neral. H > returned to Rome and wiw nomin.U..d d- mesne .nvlate to rUim.nt VIII. He wrote his eeleb-afed w..rl.- "T ECCLESIASTICAL IIIsloEV OF IRELAOT. regiio Hibemfffi, sanctorum insulse, commentarium." TI,e truths wh.V), > jn a.ed .ere so galling to the pride of the pedamitt Ll^'f that he gave orders for its suppression. It was the precursrr J n production. U. primate, PeL Lombard, died t: Z^l^ Zt Hugh Mac Caghwell, succeeded ; wa« bom in t]ie county of T)!. and receved his education at the univei^ity of Sa aZcT he wJ"' man of sinmilar Iiimi;i:t« ^: . i i J "^ ►^ammanca , tie was a of Sf r!„ °"""I"J'. P'Oty and learning. U„ joined the institute of St France, and ™ i„»trnmcntal in founding at Louvain the 71^ Ira„o,Boan college, which waa dedicated to It. AntZy Vf Pajut ll,e S,,an„h eetahlishmen^ into which Iri.h student. ZLlh'tZ 'anrorrShidr^ '"" "•™'-^""'' evii,„hicrthe ;• s HSp:n>:::u:^r"t;h:«*.r'''T general of his order he ronairnrl fn T? , "^ minister general and „r„fc«.; .^ Z^^^:! 7 eer «l in t „ ch r,^^ Ir^tT , '"'\f '"" '«° ' '''' ""'"""' »»" '"- M«cCtHi''Sz;r:f'Tr' "" "'° '"'"'^'°'" '"""""-f i^^-o' .n»gh. h, i«™-!j;;: ; f :::'i;;:^ '° "■" ""° °^ ^'• faction,, and the ,lrif,.. of 'l ""'" """ "*'' """"'"l 'i.o™o'.a.c,,,!: !:':::::,;;•;; ■'.'•-.■'*.v''» "'-"'^ -• '■» • t«l tnovcn,,.,,,, of the da ,™„°, :""'"" ""'"^ '" «'■» P»li- 'l'« Nuncio. IH„ f„,Wara„ -e „ ""'""-1'-' """'•Ik'.I l,in,Hclf to I-owcrfullv .crvod 1^ 3 " ' "'"'"""">■■ '-'"'l-l" and ,,r„do„t, OLnrd, i,-, ,i .,;,,: "'"':";■'"■ "-''W g-cmed the Iri., ""■ ■'"•«- "f l.a..or in tl,?. ^ ;: ."'I '^'^ ' " "- P™'^'-.. .» ~'lnr of the Iri.!, c„llc„ : ,„, ^l'" ,'"'.'!.'"'."r "■"",'° '""vain, I native 'Hy rvf-flvpd hy (j,t, urchhish,, appointed his vicjir-wncml V <•*' Dublin, and I was fro-iwcutly obligo.1 to visit L ill, :enny, .n ' a* 111 ^ 111 53 ECCLESU8TICAL HISTOEY OF IKELANn. and was one of the most strenuous supportei^ of tl,e Nuncio Rinuecin, archb.hop and pnnce of Fermo. On this account he incurred th ob! EdZ Id "Vr "' "' ^™'^' '"*™^ ^^«^"^' -d tJ- --its of Ji-dmond being duly appreciated at Rome, lie was advanced to the see and consecrated at Brussels, in the year 1057 ; having been before thi^ date obhged to flee and take refuge in Lisle, in consequence of the usun.vt.on of Cromwell. Regardless of danger, he resolved to return to Ins native country; passing through Calais, he received letters from Card.nal Mazanne, and arrived in London during the spring of 1(358 Father Peter Walsh had, it seems, taken up his rrsidencJin 'lis ehrat the same tune; and having become acquainted with the arrival of the pnma e, had him and other ecclesiastics arrested, and sent back to a French coast. Not content with this intamous act' of treacher;, kl Walsh assailed the character of the primate, whom he strove'^ reprl Ta e^?oV Tr T f "'""' ""' ^"^^ ^"^'"^^ -^^^--''- to la" pra^.. ofiered through the province of Armagh for the prosperity of Cromwell ; assertions sup,>orted by anonymous informers only ietrayed h mahce of his pe.ecutor. Tl.is venerable prelate soon arte' returned to his native country, and remained till 1(302, when he was again driven m J exile. On condition of signing a d K-ument tlmt was called the Valesmn remonstrance," he was permitted, by means of Onnond to return, in 1000. To the primate, this remonstrance, when presented «J)poarod ,nadnus..ible ; it. language being equivocal and disrespectful' to the holy se, . He continue.l throughout an unflinching opponent to he remonstrance of Father Walsh, contemning the vioie^ce Ihich ho had reason to anticipate; ho was soon alter arrested and placed under a strong military guard, on the plea of preparing the country ibr an in- vasion, lie object of this ill-digested scheme was easily perceived • • however, the prelate was hurried from Dublin, conveyed to Dover, and thence bamshoar 10(;... Ho conq.leted his course of theoio- Kical studies at Rome, gra.hutted, and became a distinguished professor .u the college of the " Propagan.la," during twelve yea,.. The exem- phiry hfe which he hd, ^ well as Ins learning, recommended him to the notice ot the sovereign pontiif, Clement L\., and was by him pro- mo ed to the vacant Bee, in the year \m. The i.rimnte labored assidu- ously to correct the moral, of the people under his spiritual care, and ECCLFfiUSTICAL mSTOEY OF IRELAND .neot spirit, ,,ej.o. fulfilled ,,;, „,J, Z"ZZth fl™? " 77' "i'J-l vol l.« .«„cei,j and i,m„co„ce wero nj « . ' """■ *«' na„.« of ^ ,i«i: :::;:: rtxtt r°vr ^'^ time Franmcans and ir,„^l, "' ' ""J ", Du%, and Mac Lsan, an.l a .o..iT«: fZt'' ^Z^V-'^T ■''^'T "' ^""'^^ »vo,.,,l,„t .wenlj.,l,„„.„„d mJJZlVT 7rT''''^' •"'■"- Plnnkett wa, to iom tl,™ „i;^ . ' Ou-lmiffori, and that Ncwpttc on tho Ctl, Bo ol *' r, , 'I";""'" "."' '°'^''" ■""' -'" «» r™.oved to i.„„„„n. Te'T;: 1^, n:?:'"''" "■"""■<°. roag t e nation, can W bnt inadcqn.tei; de ibrt",f ■ '~" >-^.ieidin,„„d„twt;np:«::iit,!tx*tr'r' "■"'"' of the prelates liad returned fn f). • , ^'^'i-keley ; many new accontpliec, and n„.v indio," t, tl'f ^ f"™"'™ «»■'"«• ".cnt, he .„,„,K.rate, the ehar,. ' i, ^e, ""T , "' '"' "'""'' "«- l.t. ll,at I have .en. lette^ bv , N .^ r'?' r"""^ -in^l !:,J;.:;r ""■""''" ''"'"•'" ^™ O'^- •o -nel. .,,0 F,.eneh <'f tl,e>n ; „nd to have ,,ive„ ^ZZT 7^""^ '"'" ""^ ''"^« '"-'o '"■ '-• '"'-''-l arul finv men r; 7'/ " ''"'^^' *« """^'« « '-t "' •■ - -J - - —iv \_-viiijiv oi 64 ECCLE8USTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 5tb. To have surrounded all the forts and harbors of L-eland ; and to have fixed upon Carlingford as a fit harbor for the French landing. Cth. To have had several councils and meetings where there waa money allotted for introducing the French. 7th. That there was a meeting in the County of Monaghan, some ten or twelve years past, where there attended three hundred gentlemen of three several c. unties, Armagh, Cavan and Monaghan, whom I did exhort to take up arms and recover their estates. Charges such as these, absurd in themselves and impossible, as if the accused with an annual income of about seventy pounds sterling, and with the slender income of the entire clergy of the country, could amass a sura by which a military organization of seventy thousand men could be maintained, and moreover, found in the necessary munitions of war, ought to have been tried in Ireland where they could be properly tested and weighed. Tlie papers of the Prelate were in Ireland-his witnesses were also in Ireland, and scattered over the kingdom. Five weeks were allowed, on the third of May, to have his papers and t?,e Evidence nec- essary for his defence, but contrary winds and unfavorable circumstances rendered it impossible to effect this object. They had not arrived on the day of trial, as tlie Primate deposed on oath, while he besought the Court to grant a further extension of twelve days for their arrival His application was refus.J. The judges proceeded to the trial, and the conspiratoi^ against his life, in peijury hardened and in malice strong and vigorous, stood before him. lliis good and innocent man became the victim of their i-ancor and of the craft of Shaftsbury, by whom in all likelihood they were suborned. Already this trial has been jud.>-ed and pronounced a mockery of justice, and the execution of this venera- ble ecclesiastic, as a sacrifice to the Moloch of intolerance. Tlie Catho hcs of the empire regarded the sentence with horror, and even with the wo 1-mmded portion of the Protestant community it created a general feelmg ol commiseration. Eachard assures us in his History of En-^land that the Earl of Essex was so sensible of the injustice done, that ho generously applied for a pardon to the king, and told his majesty that the witnesses must have been pe.jured, for the things sNvorn against him cm, d not possibly bo tnie. Up.,n whi,.]. the king in a passion replied, Why did you not attest this at his t.ial 'i it would have done him good then. I dare not pardon any one:' and condu.lod with that kind of answer ho had given another on a similar occasion. 'His blood bo tilH.n your head and not upon mine.' " Ko, the King of England dare not pardon any one, abovo .11, a Catholic prelate unjustly condemned, through lear of English bigotry, nor dare Pontius Pilate liberate the Iteoeemer throuffh fe&r of iho J( igU and tlio dread of forfeiting the TWLESIASnCAL inSTOKY OF IRELAND. 55 friendship uf Ciesar. Tlie good King of England emphatically declares that the self-lauded justice of Britons is regulated bj the standard of intolerance and bigotry whenever persecution is attempted against CatL- olics or their laith. On the 1st of July, 1681, this heroic martyr was placed on a sledge and drawn trom the prison of Newgate to Tyburn and executed in the presence of an immense multitude, calling on Heaven with his last brea h to witness his innocence. After the execution of this holy mar- tyr, us head was severed from his body; bowelled and quartered, his heart and bo^u)ls cast into the lire, the body was interred in the church- yard of St. Giles in the fields, and at the end of two years was raised and conveyed to a monastery of English Benedictines at Lambspring, in Germany, and reburied with groat solemnity. In 1093, the Abbot Corker, caused a magnificent monument to be erected over his remains.' IIis head yet adorned with silvery locks, is still preserved at Dro-^heda. Z^^::T7u 'T ''^""'^■"" ^^^""^' ^''^^'-^ '^ awakens Tnth mnds of ,!,.. beholdei^ he memory of his innocence, detestation of that rohgious mncor to which he was a victim, and emotions of hon.r at the dtv nfl ., T l'^;?"-^^,^"f->»o»^ wretches, who abused the sanc- tity of an oath to satiate the cravings of malice and reven^^e ai-e rZ f';^'"/^""'"^^'" ^^^^ '" '^-' --"^•-- of his priinatial authority aie recorded A contest had ari.on between the Franciscans and Don^ bicans re a ive to the Hmits in which each party could solicit the alms 01 the faithful. On the 11th of October, IGTI, the Primate, to whom he rope referred the cause, decided in favor of the Domii icaris o firming the same l>y the seal of his authority and requiring ob diel ^rj^'ii'^^^rr'' '' '' ^"^"-^^ -''^^ ^■"'•^- 1-- , ,T • " ^ "'""*' '"""^^ '^'^ " J»« rriiiiatiale," or the . nght and preemmencc of Armagh over the other archbishops of Ireland At a meeting ol the Catholic clergy held in Dublin, lOTO for the p^^' l.ose_ of expressing gratitude to Lord Berkeley on his mild and paternal ol Dublm, as to precedence in afiixing their signatures. In order tha^ future meetings might not be disturbed, the matter at issue was refl Cl to Rom., where it was duly considered in a full meeting of Ca h I m d BaldescuB Bishop of Ciesarea, Secretary to the Con^^egat on " dj v7Tt' ^;"""'""' "^ '■^•"^'^^' -^•^ t'- "ri-l..Uion of the rope, that "Armagh was the chief See and metropill of the Jhoi: promoted to the See ul Armagh ; was a native of Fermana-d. and 1.1 -nded of the noble family, the McGuires, Dynasts o. ihat'llliT 56 ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0EY OF IRELAND. He wna a Dominican and an Alumnus of the Monastery of Gaula, Die cese of Clogher. Dominick finished his studies in Andalusia, in Spain repan-ed to London where he became Chanlain to the Ambassador of bpain ; m 1681 he was appointed Archbishop of Armagh by Innocent Al As was his predecessor, so was this Primate, a zealous defender ot the nghts of his see. During his administration, Ireland presented an umnterrupted scene of terror, and the prelates yielding to necessity were obliged to retire from the country. The Primate withdrew to Pans, and in deliberative assemblies of the prelates there, the riHits of the See of Armagh were fully recognized. Dui-ing his exile in France the Prelate bore his sufferings with exemplary patience and fortitude He died at Paris, A.D. 1708, and was interred in the Cemetery of the Irish College, called " of the Lombards." After the decease of the Pri- mate, Doctor Eichard O'lleain was nominated by the Pope, Archbishop of Armagh, but he declined through diffidence and humility. Durin- tlie exile of Dominick McGuire, the management of the See was entrusted to Doctor Donnelly, Vicar-General; and dangerous as this situation was under Elizabeth, it became more perilous in the reign of Queen Anne. Cut imnuHliately after the death of tlie Primate, Hugh MacMahon was promoted to the widowed See by the Pope. He was born in 16G0, and was a lineal descendent of the MacMahons* Dynasts of the County of Monaglian. Soon after his consecration, he,' legardless of danger, returned to Ireland. He has given a valuable Bpecimen of his learning and controversial ability in his "Jus Primati- ale Armacanum," and in whicli he has exhausted the subject. Through his application the Dominican Convent of iVuns at Drogheda w'L founded in 1722 ; the Master of the Order, Augustin Pipia, liavin- issued a precept to that effect, -and Catliorine Plunkett was appointed the firet Prioress. Doctor MacZailion died on the 2d day of Au for the l.i^ native conntry ,„ SalatnZ I '»'; "s ' "' """ '" "«" «<»" :r:-~,''-9f:;.=:rSe^:: c-..foidn,se,fasi;:.^-;rr-:;-;^^^^^^^^ ElJCLESLASTICAL UISTOEY OF lEELAND. directed tlie choice. Thirty yeara of Jiia ]ife were spent in the college, when Spain, once the asylum of peace and religion, became the theatre of anarchy and terror ; his long residence, his knowledge of the Spanish language and of the manners of its people, were of an incalculable be- Deiit to the Duke of Wellington in his difficult operations. Tlie students under his care were employed as interpreters, and distributed among the officers who commanded in the various garrisons ; services such as these ought to be, were acknowledged, and raised him in the estimation of tlie commander-in-chief. Having returned to his native country he was advanced to the metropolitan sec of Armagh, and was consecrated on the 2Sth of October, 1819, His moderation and demeanor rendered him a favorite with all parties ; and the corporation of Drogheda for- getting their bigotry, presented him with the freedom of the city, and with a gold box ; yet on public occasions he never swerved from the path of rectiti'de and duty. The evidence given by the primate in 1825, before a pariiamentary committee, could not fail in making a lasting impression ; and his mild and venerable appearance, as well as the wis- dom and consistency of his observations, commanded attention from men of all parties. The primate Patrick Curtis presided over the me- tropolitan see until June, 1832, in which year ho died, universally beloved and deeply regretted. Tlioinas Kelly, a native of Annagh, an alumnus of Maynooth college nnd bishop of Dromoro, was translated to Armagh as coadjutor to J Patrick Curtis ; his incumbency lasted only a few yeara. lie succeeded to the primacy on the 26th July, 1832, and died on the 13th January, 1835, having been cut off by fever taken in the discharge of his sacred functions. William Crolly was a native of Down, and an alumnus of Maynooth college, in which he proi'essed logic, metaphysics and moral theology. On the Ist of May, 1825, he was consecrated bishop of Down and Con- nor, and resided in Belfast, where his services to religion were duly ai)preciated. On the 8th of May, 1835, Doctor Crolly was translated to the see of Armagh, was invested with the pallium, and died i:i the Easter week of 1849. Doctor Crolly was constituted apostolic delegate of Galway previous to the dissolution of the wardenship in 1831. His prudence and wisdom in adjusting the affaii-s of the church of Galway were highly com- mended !)}■ Cardinal Fransoiii, prefect of the 'Tropaganda" college, in the letters directing him to proceed to the diocese of Killala, in 1S3G, and institute inquiries relative to the contention that arose bntweon the venerable Bishop O'Finan and his clergy, an account of which will bo found when treating of Doctor O'Finan's incumbency. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOBY OF lUKLAND. 59 Paul CuUen, succeeded, and as delegate apostolic of tJie Holy See presided over the national synod, held in the college of Thurles, A D 18.0 ; was consecrated at Rome, 1850 ; since translated to Dublin " ' Joseph DK>^n a native of the diocese, formerly dean of Maynooth and at the penod of his promotion to the see of l.magh, profelr of scripture m that college, now happily presides. CHAPTER Vn. DIOCESE OF MEATH. In this territory were many episcopal sees: Clonard, Duleek K.Il. Tnm, A..db.-accan, Donshaghlin, Slano and Foure. Except Dukek a J Ivells, they were united before the year II50 „,,] ,„. ^ ^^^^^ek and In the '-ear 10 ol' flu. rM„- .• "''^'^f ''^ ^"^^' Ponces, and warrioi-s. ..ou. u. Tat;,: ";r„:iL?r:.:;r :«,■„:'■ „';^r""'-'- -' -T of Meat,, and CI a ''"ir^ 7. Tt^^^^^ '^ "•" '«■* -. «« M,„«,er ...ac. wa, called 'TlX » .to ^ ' T "r"'"" ..as callod " Visiicacl, " „,„1 ,!,„ ,i , ' , "'° C«"naaglit tract to p.oc.a..n tie mjslonoB of rcJoniptio,, at tbo seat of 60 KCCLKSUSTICAL UISTOEY OF IRELAUD. govemment and before tlie princes of tlie nation, giiided by the example of St. Peter, who planted the cross in the imperial city of Rome, then mistress of the nations and the patroness of error and 8ui)ei-stition, as slie is now tho spiritual mistress of Christ's kingdom on earth, and the seat of truth and faith, refreshing the people of the universe with the watere of her apostolic fountain, St. Patrick and his companions having reached the plain in which the palace of Tarah was situated, lodged in the house of a respectable man named Sosgnen, by whom they were hospitably vcceiveJ. In re- ward of his kind treatment ho obtained the grace of convei-sion, with his family and his son Benignus, who accompanied the Saint to Tarah: be- came the companion, disciple and successor of the apostle in tho bee of Armagh. In compliance with an usage which was sanctioned by venerable nndquity, St. Patrick ordered the paschal lire to be enkindled, and thus at once attack in its stronghold the national supei-stition. (This primi- tive custom of lighting the paschal fire was observed in memory of the resun-cction of Christ.) The ancient Irish woi-shiped the sun, and this luminary was con- sidered by them as the principal and supreme Deity ; hence it is, that fire-worahip was the leading dogma of Irish supen^tition. In compli- ance with an annual rite, the king and princes of the country were celebrating i,: festival ; and in conformity with the Druidical woi-ship, the eve 01 uhat festival wjis observed with peculiar religious solenmity. By a standing law, all the fires of the country were on this eve to be ex- tinguished, and no one was permitted under pain of death to kindle a fire, until the -acred one should be fii-st lighted on the hill of Tarah, as u signal for the rest of Ireland. In violation of this law the paschal firo was enkindled on the hill of Shmo, and when seen from the lieigl,.3 of Tarah, the king and his princes became alarmed and enraged, at this opposition, as they sup- posed, to the laws and religion of their -ountry. " Tliis firo which wo see, unless extinguished tJiis very night," .^aid the magi to tho monarch, " will bum for ever : and moreover, will excel all the fires of our rite ; and he v:ho kindles this fire will scatter your kingdom." Leogaire, the monarch, then enquired, who these were, who dared to infringe the law and incur the penalty which the national code enjoined. Tlie king, in company with two of tho nuigi, and attended with a nuuie- rous retinue, proceeded to the place where St. I'atrick had erected a temporary habitation, and having ordon^d the Saint to be brought before him, St. Patrick obeyed, without delay ; and b' fore liis arrival in tho presence of the monarch, it was arranged that no mark of kiudneds or ECCLKSTASTICAr. mSTOKY OF IREr.AJJD. (,-, attention shonld bo paid l.in. ; J.owcvor, when the Saint was nsl.ercd ".to he roya presence, Here, the son of De^o, in disregard o d ' ^ ^^u eons ordnance, arose, and accosted hi.n with a kindly sahulti " n3 holy man, „. return, in^parted his benediction to the nobLlnd .onerous youth, who greeted his approach, nor was it bestowed^ va n s hrougu the Dnano goodness, the grace of Here's n^nedialo con ve"- Ml to the taith was annexed. ^J»iecon\oi- Though the national code enjoinou tlie penalty of death on tl,^« ^^'ho violated the law relative to the observance of the naS re.nZ .t does not appear that the monarch or the nmgi desired ts n Z sll;::. '"'^^' "^' ''""'''^^ ^-^ ^^--^-- towards those On the morning, which calls to our minds the glorious event of Chn.t.s resurrection, St. Patrick, for the first time, proclaimed Zc ! momous strains, the aoh'-evemcnts of their count; ^oT ■ ihc caie of preserving an exact registry of the ^onealo-ic. of r v and the prerogatives of the nobles and of the boumSv,;! n "' J ou the possessions of the chieftains, was confided t e m^^,^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ order; and it was wisely ord' 'led that at «fowi """ '"*' "^ «'^ ^ * ^'"8 Uio acquisition of Bubladi to tlic cause of tmfl. w. to .1,0 force a„.l power of „,e S„|„t, ^^J^^JI: '"" '■""""' poaeo .■ t„e .„,,t"stM ^.t^SlLS'"'' "" """""» '"' "'» St. Patrick, on tlie following day, ronaired tn Toiu i amusements Mxre colphrnr i ,->^ '^V <^ Tadtean, where public Tarnb Tl "^^^^^^"ted, and winch were attended by the court of la.ah. nierealso he multiplied the number of his convert'^td Zon!! u II I ifif 62 ECCLE&iAS'nCAL HISTORY OF IKELAND. tliem was Conall, brother to the knig, wlio believed and was bai^tized. Visiting other parts of Meath, liis preaching was everywhere attended with success. Having erected a church at Druniconrath, in the barony of Shine, and o.io at Dromshallon, near Drogheda, ho directed iiis coni-se to Delvin, and tlience to the liiU of Usneagh, reducing the whole mass of the people to the sweet yoke of the Gospal. St. Finian, the son of Fintan, an eminent philosopher and divine, was the fii-st l)ishop of Clonard ; he was descended of a noble family, and was still more eimoblcd by his piety. He was baptized by St. Abban, and plac>u1, in his youth, under the care of St. Fortkern, bishop '^f Trim, with whom he remained until thirty years of age ; went to Bri- tain, and founded numy churches. Having returned to Ireland and been consecrated bishop, he fixctl his see at Clonard, and there also opened his school about the year 530, which produced many men of eminent sanctity ivu\ learning, among whom are the two Kicrans, two Brendans, the two I'olumbs, Laserian, Gained-, Moveus and lluadan. His usual fdod was bread and herbs, his drink, water; on festival davs he used a lUtle iish and a cup of beer or whey ; he slept on the bare ground, a stone serving him as a pillow. He was in hU last illness attended by St. Columb, of Tirdaglass, and died in the year 552. A doubt exists whether St. Finian or Senachus was the first bishop of Clonard. The memorials relating to the succcssoi-s of the see of Clo- nard, aie but slendiM-, until the arrival of the English. St. Senachus, bishop of Clonurd and discij)le of St. Finian, died on the 21st August, 5 ST. St. Fiacre is recorded among the succr wrs of St. Finian, of whom men- tion will be nuide in its proper pli; , when treating of iho Irisli saints. Colnian, son of Tolduibli, bishop of Clonard, died on the 8th Feb- ruary, 052. Ossenius, the Long, survived his predecessor about three montlis, and died on the 1st of ^fay, (!52. Ultan O'Cmiga, died of the plague which ufllietod England and Ireland, on the 1st July, G(]'>. St. Beean, bishop of Clonard, died nn the ItJth April, 087. Wo Rre told tliat ho used to sing the whole psalter every day, wet and dry, by liie side of n stone cross, in iIk? ojien air, outside tlie monastery. Ho has been remarkable for the austerity of his lil'e, and tiie miracles ho wrought. Cohnim OTFeir, bisliop of Clonard, died on the 0th February, 700. Dubdun O'Fodan, bi>»liop and abbot of (Jlonard, died A.D. 710. Aclcliire, bWiop .»f Clonard, died A.D. 720. \ ':.:: K0Crj:8rASTICAL mSTOET OF mELAND. gg Beglatneu, bishop of Clonard, died in 755 Fulertach, bishop of Clonard, was the son'of Brec, whose fatx,ily in Ulster was aru=,ent. He retired to Offaly, in Leinster and there fvd Algiiied, died 8th Ifarcli, 77S. ^^^Cormac MacSuibuc, Wsl.op and abbot of Clonari, dM in tI.o year Cdinan ]\iac Ailild, abbot of Clonard and Clomnacnois "a n.o,^ wise bishop and doctor," died on the 7th February OU I ordoiiuiach Mac Flanagan, died A.D. 930 ' Moctean or M^buochto, called "the Fountain of religion and wl. dom ' among the Irish, died on the 0th of Scpten.ber, m Miellechin, bisliop of Clonard, died in 1)4" diedt'on''""^"'""' ""''' con,orban,o; successor of St. Finian, Faitlnnan, co.norban of St. Finian, died in lOlo li.athal O-Dunlning, bi.l.op of Clonard, di.d in ioo; CeUaoh O Clerchon, comorban of St. Finian, died i„ W4X J natl d O oiiannunn, successor of St. Finian, died in 1055. .^.unuh LuHvech, called in the mumls of the four nnistors « th« Mnrchertach Mac Longscch, Bucces^or of St. Finian. died in lOOo IMi«dachin,.at in the aecof Clonu.l, and died in 11T4. ECCr.KSIASTICAL HT8TO]{\ OF IRELAND. Eugene, bishop of Meath, succeeded, and sat about twenty years. Before his def'i he assumed tlie stylo which liis successors liave since used. His pr jcessor, Idunan, adopted the same title. He succeeded in 1174, and died 1191-. Simon Rochfort wius the fii-st Englishman who governed this see, and was consecrated about the year 1194, He died in the year 1224, having conducted himself in the government of his see with fidelity, wisdom and integrity. Was of such an humble and meek behavior, that ho acquired the rojxitation* of being a n;ost excellent prelate. Deodatus was elocfed bishop in 1124, and obtained the royal assent on the 29th August following. Some say he died before consecration, and therefore do not reckon him among the bishops of this see. Ue died in the year 122*5. lialj>h le Tetit, succeeded in 1227. Ho was archdeacon of Meath; a man of great gravity and wisdom. He died advanced in yeara, about the fourth year of liis consecration, in 12;](). Richard do la Comer, canon of St. Patrick's, Dublin, succeeded in 12;W; was conlirmed by King Henry IH., and consecrated at Drogheda, in St. IVterV church, in 12.32. He died in the year li'.'iO. Hugh de i'aghmon succeeded in 12.50. He is styled "a man of piety and of venerable life." 'Jo this j.relate, IMaurice Fitz Afaurice, Lord Jus- tice of Ireland, ami John de Sanford, J'lscheator of Ireland, Edward I. itisu'ed a commission to administer the oath of allegiance to the nobility and to the commonalty of Ireland. Having guverneil the See about thirty-one years, ho died in Jamuiry 1281, and was buried at Alnl- lingar. Thonuis St. T.eger succeeded in 12S7— was born of an illustrious fam- ily, and was adorned by his maimers He was Archdeacon of Kells. Not having the assent of his metropolitan he appealed to Rome. An- other being preferred by the Primate, both parties resigned their ch.ii.j9 into the hands of the I'ope, who in the i)lenitude of apostolic power chose Thomas St. Leger. He was not consecrated till the -'id of Noveni- ber, ]2Sl. He was careful of his temporal privileges and eipially so of Iiis spiritual concerns. He enjoyed bad hea.'h before his ileatl: in De- cember, 1320. He ndod over his diocese thirty-eight years. John O'Carroll succeeded in i;!2!— was Dean and llishop of Cork, and was translated by the i'ope to flH> Set* of Meath, in the year 1.321. lie died in London about the beginning of August, I. '129, on his returu from Avignon. William de Paul, a Carmelite Friar, and sojnetimo Provincial f>rhi8 Order in England and Scotland, in token of his singidar piety, ipvat leurm'ng, wisdom and dexterity in numnging nfl'uirs, wjceeeded, as Bishop i ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF niEI.AND. gg llo w,« r^,-,! lji„|, iVoa,„r„r „fT , l'«fc'">mng <,f tlu, yoa., Heo nine vL, "XoL "•'°-;;'°"»f "M '" 1360. IIo », ;„ ,j,, VV illinin Andrew siicceedod Jn 1 "«n t, Doc.o..orDMni,, .,. <::r^2^1;;:;^ f^'': '^"''•^"" -^ tion, A.D. 1885. ^^ ^^' ^'^'^ ^''' ■^'^""'^ ««^'r Jn's ..anslu- Alexandor de Balsoot was siipcessor in l •xao a CLurcl,, 1,0 was ,,ro,„oh.d to the Co7 n i'""" '^^' ^'^"'^^'« "" '''e Hth of ]lc.e„,I.or no rr ^7"'' '''""^'''^"^ ^« ^''«^'' -• " .-d ...op ; d.d :: A^:::: : ,:^;;:- ;;';:• ^"^ r^--- "•"' ;v-l>"n-ed at Trim, i„ St. Mary's Abl.oy ''""""^"•' ^^^^'' M.y, A.]). .(.,13. '" '" •"" J'"»« ""1 " '; ': ''» Pi'^nlcl ovor .ixtoc, Dor„.^ Vieon., of ,V Ki!,':,,, '' ',•;'" "■f^' T'-n-r of ,. ;,„„,, „„„ a,T„ip,„,l l„.|:.ro ,1,0 l',„.li,„" .,„ ■ , . . "" '"''''•'' '™"«"i of lliort «n,l ''■-i-'l ''^ !ni)nn, succeedfd by provision of tho Popo in 1523, and sat about six yeai-s: ho died in 1521). Edward Staples, e. native of Lincolnshire, succeeded by provision of Popo Clement VIH., in the year 1530. Ho was deprived by Queen Mary on the 9th of Juno, 1554, for having joined in the changes of re- ligion, itc. William Walsh. Doctor of Divinity, and a native of Waterford, was, 01 tho 18th of October, 1554, a])poiiite(i to tiio See. In mainlaining tiio purity of faith, William stood forth coiispicuouH ; ho was deprived by (Jueon Elizabetii. He died at Comjdiite, in Spain, and wiw there in- terred in 11 monastery of his own onhr, the Cistercian. His epitaph briefly describoH liis merits: " Here lielli William Walsh, a Cistercian Monk, and Pisliop of Meath, who having suffered imprisonmeiit and inuny other liunisiiipai for tliiileeii yeai'H, at 'iisf died in banishment." wns. 67 EOCmiASTICAL ms-TOKY OF lEELAND. Anthonj Ger.ghejrnn died A.D. 1660. Patrick Plnnkott died A.D. 1671. Patrick Cusack died A.D. 1690. Luke Fagan translated to Dublin Doctor C'lcevei-s, drc. Bishop GeogI.egan died while coadjutor. of St. P„,,,<.k noconlinj,-; ,,,„ 'T „'■ ''' " ''""f "^ »'»"», «Toto a life "■»Kar442; hi, native pact^t";,: -' ''''■'"'' «™ "-n about «n;l is ,ai,, .„ ,„„, ,„,„ i,;2™'X™' ;-_ ;' "" i"™'™„. fa,„i,,, .l.ffiront fro,,, am.(l,er of 1 ,e „a „. n ' '' """ '^"'"''^ • " Duleek, co„l,l „„i ,,„ ,„,,;„ „,„^"™2 "■' -n«ocm..™, ^ ,,. ^^ St. S„arla, Ili„l,op of J- "'! f />■'<•""'■ dW A.D. 489. Marcl,, A.D. r4«, *''" '■i"«°P«'^ Ho died o„ the 87U. St. Erem, Bisliop at Slaoe, is said to l,n tl, « verj- prohahle that „1„„„ 44., ,,„ ",.'•. ' " "''l; '" «"' Joar .130. It «™ e„„.„.,ed „i„, „,„ earo , L row '" '""' ''^*"- ''"'"-*• ""-I hrarrnn. lli, m,(rra„,,,,.l,ip | J,? ' ''''"'''■ "'"'''™"- "»«"« A,,|. n wm 1 |B9 1 " ? 68 ECCLESIASTICAL IHSTOBY OF IBELASD, extensive jurisdiction, wliile the Saint was absent in Munster, looking after the affairs of the Chin-ch. Secundinns died A.D. 448. St. Loman, a Saint of the third class. He was revered on the 17th of February, at Trim, where he was buried with other saints who are called his companions ; was Eishop at Ti'im in the 7th century. CHAPTER Vm. DIOCESE OF OLONMACNOia St. Kikkan founder of Clonmacnois in 548, placed himself under St. Senanus of Juniscathy, an island of the Shannon, into wliicli no fe- male was permitted. Kiertm was much venerated in the Western Isles of Scotland, and his festival was kept on the 9th of September. Tiiia great Saint was a native of Mcatli, but liis parents, Eoean and Darerca, were onginully from Ulster. He is usually called the son of the car])on- ter, as his father was one. The year of his birtli according to the most probable i ccount, is 507. He is said to have received his early educa- tion under St. Justus, by whom he wtis, as some say, baptized. He bo- came a disciple of St. Finnian, at Cloiuird. Having received the l)eno- diction of St, Finnian, he retired to the Monastery of St. Nennidius, which was situated in aii island of Lougli F.rne. Kieran was received here with joy, and wishing to improve liimself in tlie knowledge and ob- servance of monastic di8ci})line, he went to the great Monastery of Arrnn. St. Knda, who governed it, received him very kindly and employed liim seven yeare in threshing corn I'or the use of t)ie community. During this time ho waa considered u model of sanctify and i)iefy. WhiK) in the isle of Inniscatliy he Mas charged with the cure of .itrangers, and bo- cnuse of his liberalify to the j.oor, he incurred the displeasure of some of tjie nionlis. He fiien repaired to an i.sland of the- Shannon, Inisaingani, Lough Kee, where lie founded a nuuiustery. Having given tiie eare of tliis niomistery to Adumnan, u native of J^funster, lie retnoved to tlio western bank ef the Shannon, mid on a pito given l,y King Dormit, founded the celebrnled Abbey of Clcnmacn'^is. Ho did not long sur- I ECCLESUSTICAL mSTOBT OF lEELAND. QQ Vive its fonndahon, as he died in 549 of a plague. In Clonmacnois were nmo churches built h, the kings and prints, a, bur,ing-places St. l.gernach ,s mentioned bj Ware, as bishop of Clonmacnois but he . mustaker, as Tigernacb was bi.hop of Clones in the year 6oT Tie immediate successor of St. Kieran was Oena, who died^ according to the four masters, n 570 ; he is culled Angus or Anea.. 'as to b'hops Bai,an„s Mac C„a„„cl,. He ia called tl,o son „f Canad, Had de- cared according .„ s.. , „„„,,•„„, i„ <•„„, „, ,^, Boman cL™«iot 1 Lf.r::„..v ztr '° "ir " "-^ *""■ ■" «" ^--^ "^ ^r:: iimc 1, county of Galway. lie was eminent in piety and virtn^ • wo= - monk, abbot, and finally bishop. He died in 562 " ^ ' Maildarius died in 886 ; bishop of Clon.nacnois Corprey Crom, or crooked, succeeded; died in March 890 Oh. tamed the character of being "the head ;f religion^ "^^ Z the prmcpal ornament of his age and country ' ^ Colman Mac Aihkl, abbot, and bisliop of Clonard and Clon.nn • «:^:n::rrra„^^z:- "-^^ Tuathall abbot, and bishop of Clonmacnois, died in 969 1 ..nc luu , or Donatus O'Braoin, was elected successor but it ' . certain whether he wa. sorely abbot or bishop Fl^w " crated, a void is fillerl „,. m- , • . • , ^"^i*- " "o were conse- tl'ily ior some yea. ; and luavtg Xr^l he stlf" '/"^^' ^^"^- lil-o, he abdicated, and repaired to i, „I 1^97 „nr:: V"'''"'' a I.igh reputation for sanctity of life T T ' ^ '""" ^''^ ^^'•''' Kctigcrn O'ErgnIn, successor of Kiaran of n Clonard, in .052, while there on a pil^r^ Clonmacnois, died at A.bid O'irarretaigh, Hupreme successor of St h'ieran .f ni noia, du?d at Clonard in 1070 whil« on o -i • ' ""^ ^^onmao- Christian O'lloctigem^di;;!: nTs* '^ ^'"'"^ '''''' DomnuldO'Dublmi, died in 1136 Ti,or„a;„ ...Zlw *;7 t:™' ■*"• "' "''• at Cinnu.aenois. '"• '^^ ""« "'"« wo"ojr was coined I Hi l"...^ i ":) i :* ! TO ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOBT OF IKELA2JD. Mureach O'Muireclian, succeeded; was a man of leanung, and died ill the year 1213. Jidan O'Mailley, bishop of Clonmacnois, was drowned in the yeai 1220, probably in the Shannon. Muh-ony O'Modein, succeeded, 1220. Sat ten years. He died in 1230. Hugli O'Malone, succeeded in 1230; died in 1236, and was buried at Kilbegan, in St. Mary's abbey. Elias, bishop of Clonmacnois, resigned A.D. 1236. Thomas, bishop of Clonmacnois, succeeded, 1230 ; was dean of Clon- macnois. Sat sixteen years, and died A.D. 1252 Thomas O'Quin, a Franciscan friar, was confirmed by the king on the 20th February. He sat twenty-seven years, and died 1279. Gilbert, dean of Clonmacnois, was elected by the Chapter, and con- secrated by Nicholas, archbishop of Armagh. He resigned in 1228. William O'Dufty, a Franciscan friar, succeeded 1290. He fell off his horse, and died thereby, in 1297, William O'Fiudan, abbot of Kilbeggan, succeeded in 1298, and died ,A.D. 1390. Donald O'Bruin, guardian of the Franciscans of Killeigh, was elected, and obtained the royal assent on the 14th of April, 1303. Lewis O'Daly was appointed his successor, and died A.D. 1337. Henry, a Dominif-an, succeeded in 1337 ; he died A.D. 1367. Eichard, a monk, succeeded. Philip, succeeded, and died in 1388. ^ JVIilo Cory, a Franciscan, succeeded, by provision of Pope Boniface IX., in November, 1390 ; was soon after constituted justiciary of Con- jiaught by King Richard H. O'Galchuir, succce/'ed, 1390 ; lie died in 1397. Peter, succeeded, 1398 ; was a Cistercia- and abbot of Granard, and died in 1411. Philip O'Mfcil, succeeded, in 1411, by the provision of the Pope, and died in 1422. David Brendog, a Cistercian monk, was provided by the Pope in September, 1423. Cormac Mac Coughlan, succeeded, by elecUon of the chapter, and was consecrated in 1427. He was dean of Clonmacnois. He is com- mended as a man of liberality, and a patron of learning. Ho died A D 1442. ■ ' John Oldais, a Franciscan, was provided by Pope Eugene IV., on the 18th of September, 1444. John, bishop of Clonmacnois, died in 1480. ECCEESUSTICAL mSTORY OF lEELAND. -J-J Walter Blake, a native of Galwaj, and canon of Euaghdune, sue- ceeded, by provision of Innocent VIII., in March, 1487. He governed the sec twenty-one years, and died in May, 1508. lliomas, succeeded. Quintin, a Franciscan, succeeded, by provision of the Pope, in No- vember, 1516. Sat twenty-two years, and died in 1538. Ricliard Ilogan, was a Franciscan, and from the see of Killaloe was translated in 1538, and died a few days after. Florence Gerawan, a Franci.nan, was promoted to this see by Pope laid III., in December, 1539. lie died about the year 1554. Peter Wall, succeeded ; died in 1568. Stephen Mac Egan, was translated to Meath, in 1729. CHAPTER IX. SEE Oi' CLOGIIER. Bhh>ps, c£r.-St. Afaccartin, let Bishop. This see, it appears, was founded about the year 454 ; its firet pre- ate was Maccartm. He w..s of the noble family of the Arads, in Da- laradm, and one of St. Patrick's oldest disciples. Ho coLtantlv a tenJe on the Saint, and was at xn advanced age promoted to tte^^ Uoghor. Ilavmg erected a cathedral, he also, [y the directions of ! ft rr '. r '"""'"" ^' ^ '"^""^^'•^- e-^^-^' *»- dynast ofthatterntury,yot a pagan, resisted the preaching of S Maccartin salvation. Ho famdy of St. Maccartin has given the Irisli church ^vonty^no sau.ts. The holy bishop of Clogher died on the 24th M c A.D. 506, and was interred in his own cathedral. St. Tigorna(-h his immediate successor, fixed his residence at Clone, in the county ot Monaghan, retaining the government of the church oi Clogher. Hence he is styled FerdAerioch, the man of two dist its As well ^ hH predecessor, he was of princely descent, and is said o liHve had St. Bridget a« Jus godmother, through whose recommendation It. ._ i'2 ECCLESU3T1CAL HISTOET OF IRELAND. ' t Si; » I! he was raised to the episcopacy. He received his education at the mo- nastery of Rosnat, in Britain, under tlie lioly abbot Monnenus, and it seems, founded the monastery at Clones, before his elevation to the dignity of bishop. His death is marked on the 4th of April, A.D, 549. St. Sinell is mentioned as t' <■ successor of Tigernach. Liberius, who died on the i < of November, but the year of Jiis death is not known. St. Fedlimid, to whom a well is dedicated at Clogher, and called after him. Deodiagha Mac Carwail. Arinetiis, whose festival is observed on the 2d of February. Ilermetius, who is mentioned as the predecessor of Feldobar. Tliere is no certain year mentioned for the deaths of those three last-named prelates. St. Ultan, Settine, Earch, Eirglean, Cedach, Criinor-Rodan. Tlie first of these was descended of the same family with Maccartin, and it is said, is buried at Clogher, near the scpulclier of this saint. St. Laserian, who was abbot of Devenish, in Lough Erne ; he died on the 12th September, 571, of wliom notice will be again taken. Attigern, according to the Cloglicr register, next succeeded. St. Enda, the patron of the Isles of Arran, is mentioned as bishop ot Cloglier, of whom notice will be taken in another place. {Monmtery of the Isle of At^cin) Ronan, son of Odiduid, king of Ergall. St. Aodan, Maeelcob, St. Adamnanus, Dianach, Altigren, St. Kiaran, Conall, Airmedac, who is said to have written the life of St. Patrick. Fffildobar, bishop of Clogher, died on the 29th of June, A.D, 731. Artgal, abbot of Clogher. Moral, son of Indract, aI)bot of Clojrher. Ailild, or Elias, scribe, abbot, and bishop of Clogher, died A.D. 867 or according to the annals of Ulster, 897. Kinfail, son of Lorcan, comorban of Clones and Clogher, died A D 929. Conaing O'Domnellan, chief prince of Clogher, died in 959. He ia called also Gonad, and is made the immediate successor of Kenfail. Conaid. Tumultuach or Thomas. Cellach, Murigach, O'Do O'Buigil. Muirednch, Mac Melisa O'Cullen, who was slain in 1126. Christian (^'Morgair, only brother to St. Malachy O'Moore, arch- bishop of Armagh, succeeded in 1126. St. Bernard calls Christian "a good man, full of grace and virtue ; second to his brother in fame, and E0CLE8IATICAL HISTOET OF lEELAOT. /j-g possibly not inferior in sanctity of life and .eal for righteousness" no Anna s of the Four Ma.te. call hin. a paragon in wisdcl and " 1" • a bnlhant lamp, that enlightened the laity and clergy, by preach «: and good deeds; a faithful and diligent servant of thi ClLr a'f ;r;" r, ^ T^^^ are styled " the pilla^ of Xt' and. Chnstmn, dunng the life of St. Malachy, died in 1138 and It T '" ^-abbey of SS. Peter and Paul, at I'nnagh ' ' ''^ Edan O Kelly was elected in 1139, and consecrated by St Malachv He sat about forty-two years, and died A D 1182 and I f f ^' lout], where he founded a monastery ' ' ^"' "*'"^*^ ^* Melissa O'Carroll, succeed 1; died on his way to Rome in 1184 monks a staff; he aJlrcra!^ T^^^rT''-' presence of many of the clergy, and of Chris ^ O'M turara^t "f Clones, who was his successor. Juacturan, abbot of Christian O'Macturan, abbot of Clones, governed the see of C.n l seven years and died A.D 1191 Clogher Bonato OTidabra, mceeeded to the see of Closher iu 12tR „!,■ u le governed nine ,e„., and was translated to A™.!h 11 b J. * op.»eopalpalaee at Clogher, near St. Man.-, abbey °° ^ Jel,e,niah 0-Br„,.a„, suceeeded, iu 1227, and died, it i, .„pp«d, .„ David brother to hi, predecessor, raeceedod in 1240 Ho w„ i oua m defending the temporals of his See. He died in mr/? pan and was baried in the Abbe, of Mellifont, wlt'l^'bt:": It appears that the See of toutb was annexed to that of Clorf.er •„ Z;: """^ ""'"""■■ " -"' "'-^^ ^'"■op' Of c^^?i'i: A.aS '"°'"'"'""' ^™"""^ ^^^°' '"^ "^"-OP of louth, died Bishop and Abbot of Loart" A D g/l ' ° " "" ""°°"'°' "■'«' Ma,lpatri„l: Mac Bron, Bi,b„p of Lonth, died A.D. m. W > * i.t ' l>l IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I ■ 50 '■"^ ^ us. 2.5 SI 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 M 6" — ► y d^kj^ n ^I'*'*' .^ '^# Photographic Sciences Corporation # ^^^ ^ ^ A^ y^% :\ \ w A^- A . .^\ 4^^^^ ^ ^T'^ Iff. n WIST MAIN STRUT WIUTH.N.V I4SW '^ #.^ «^. r J^ \«A ^ pal court and thirty-two houses wore consumed by lire, Tlio bishop diligently applied himself to the rosi! ration of his church and court. He died in August 1432, having mit forty-three years. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOET OF IBELAAD. h. beta LU death, wLi.u ,„ok place taT«9 ™«°'''' " ''"'=. p..v^.!,te?;r:7^r"' '''™?' ^'™""^"' --« ^^ r ui liiL 1 ope, and was consecrated at Armao-h AD iaaq i/ governed the See abo.i*- H.,v>„ <• "^'"lUo") A.u. 1449. jle ma.. «1.„ „,.„i„ed .],„ See o ChT„ U '"." "" "■"' '="«"*- W nine jeam, '^ ^""'°"''°' ^^J-' '""'■'g governed the See of Clog- -0.- ... .a.e, ... .. o. ::r i'r^xrsvt «op Of A„„.„ ., :: .f'lirtrr ™ :;;r l '^ r,.^-';; was l)rned in Lis own cathedral ' ' ^^^^' ""'^ Ca^idy, Arcluloac;,, rf Cl„!l,o " , led ' '° """ ""'"■"* II"-. bw,„„ « a p„.„,. of :o:?d<:: 'k o iiir:,,,-'' v-" '°°; the begumintc of Surino. irm „ 1 '•/«'i<-ciutm. IIo died in CloKhor. ^ ^' ^^^^' ""^ ^"^ '^^""J i" tlio catl.edral of ^^^l..gc.no Ma^^ow, Bishop of Clo.hor, was translated to Dublin, A.D. Kber Mao Mahon, Bishop of Cloffhor Af n . siloncod the factious, oncour«Ln.d f , ^'""'"«^"'^'« "' 1C49, he 1*1 w^gaai ti ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORT OF IBELANtt. Bishop of Clogher, to whom the Marquis had given a commission to ^command them, &c. This bishop was afterwards taken prisoner in an engagement near InnisklUen ; after having received many wounds he was ignominiousi/ put to death by the positive order of Sir Charles Coote. Emenis Mathews, Bishop of Clogher. Martyred 1652. Patrick Tynell, Bishop of Clogher died in 1666. Bernard Mac Mahon, Bishop of Clogher, translated to Arm.tgh. Eoss Mac Mahon, Bishop of Clogher, translated to ^ magh. Daniel Reiley. Hugh Reiley, living in 179x. James Murphey died, A.D. 1824. Edward Keman, consecrated coadjutor, succeeded, A.D. 1805 • died 1843. ' Charles McNally, consecrated November 6th, 1843 ; succeeded Dr. Kernan, February 20, 1844; was prefect of the Dunboyne Establish- ment at Maynooth many years before his consecration, and is considered the safest theologian and canonist in the Irish Church. KTCUMIASTICAL nWTOBT OF IKELAiJD. 7T CHAPTER X CI J SEKS OF DOWN AND CONNCK. Abbot of Antrim. i^reierment in the CLurch, other than Hi. decease i. „,„kod „ ,„e 30,1, of Ma IS I'.'," '"""'" in obscurity ; ],owever it annonir ? ^ ^ foundation is involved of the fifth :onturrCr?a a r ^"f ""^^^ ^^^-^ the close powerful Sept in DLaradi:,' U, ^.r^ tl^rL:: "'^^'""^ '^™''^ ""^^ many districts in Ireland adontoT 1 ^ ? '"^'' P'°""'^^"^ ^" While on his minion 1;;^,;::^^. sl^o: mI: r ^^ ^T especial gui.lance, and 8,)on aft.r placed hi n ^1 T ^•"'" ""'^''" ^"^ Olcan, the learned Abbot an ""' '''^'"'"' ^«'"«l"--^«' Ht. 11.o.uas, ind othe^;: .^j^ ;: ^^^^^ ^^^^^ -'- of silver vessels renuiBito for the L e "'"""'anoo of.old and •■ ^' '^"'- -i^w nutahs, or festival, 7» E0CLESU8TICAL HI8T0ET OF EBELAOT). 18 marked on the 3d of September. By order of Clement XH. a proper mass for his feast and otlier patron saints of Ireland, was edited at Paris, by Nicholas Anthony O'Kenny, Prothonotary Apostolic in 1734. The 6ees of Down and Connor were again united in the 15th century under Eugene IV. Li;gadius, died in 537, Duna, died in 656. Saint Duchonna, the pious, died, 725. Aegedareus died, 886. Mffilbrigid, son of Readan, died 955. _ Fingin, doubted as Bishop of Down, was an eminent anchorite, and Ins memory was rerored on the 5th of March ; he died A.D. 965. Flaherty died, 1043. Samuel, whom Ware omits, assisted at the Irish synod held in 1096, while Domnald Mac Amalgaid held usurped possession of Armao-h, Coencomirach O'Boil acting as bishop. St. Malachy transferred to Armagh. Malachy II.— Mac Inclericeur succeeded 1148, was a learned man, and died at a very advanced age in the year 1175 ; he assisted at the Council of Kells in 1152. Gelasins Mac Cormic succeeded, and died 1175. Malachy III. succeeded 1176, and died about 1201. Ralph, Abbot of Kinloss, and afteru-ards of Melrose in Scotland, was promoted to this see by the influence of John de Salern, Cardinal Priest of St. Stephen, in Damaso, and legate from Innocent III., A.D. 1202 • he died in 1213. Tliomas, succeeded, 1213, and sat in 1237. Ranulph, or l?andal was the next successor, and died in 1253. Reginald, archdeacon of Down, succeeded in 1258 ; he sat in thii see seven years, and was translated to the diocese of Cloyne, in Minister where he died in 127J. , " ' Tliomns Liddell was euxted bishop, in November, 1266 ; he gov emed the sec about ten years, and died A.D. 1276. Nicholas, who was treasurer of Ulster and prior of the cathedral ot Down, succeeded ; he sat about twenty-eight years, and died A.D. 1304. Tliomas Kittol was elected by the prior and convent of Down ; he obtained the temporals in July, 1305. He governed the see eiffht years and died in 1313. '' Tliomas Bright, prior of the pathodral of Down, was elected and consecrated by Roland do .Torse, of Armagh, in the year 1314 ; ho died in 1327, and was buried in his own church. E0CLE8USTICAI, HISTOET OF IRELAOT). ^« popfioh; «^^;l-essan, a Franciscan friar, was, b^ mandate of tho H« 1 !, ' ''""''''^''^ '- Bertran, cardinal bishop of Tuscnlnm He sat m tins see twenty-four years, and died in Ar^ust I35VT Ills time all the possessions of the see of Down wt " '*V^^^: ^"""S Edward III. on tho 24th of Au^st, 4 ""'™'' '^ ^''^^ yea. havin, died on the 20^f:f ole^llar^ ""''''''' ^^^^^^^^ Will.am, succeeded, by provision of Urban V AD ISfi^ • . scarce three years, and died in August, 1368. " ' '"' John Logan, archdeacon of Down supppp,!.^ t Jolm Eos. prior of Down, mcceeded, W provision of ,1,„ P *e ..por* on .„„ .«,H of O^,;, ^n'XZ A oT^s'" '''*-'^ I.»blic and notorious scandnt Aftl" , '"''™'' °'' "'" "". «" .d,„oni.ion, „,,d „s « „„„.„ ::;,':;;: 1: :i:::*" »f «« of excomnum cation should not V,n f n ^^"y sentence In 1434, 1,0 w»w„ml H, lid" "" '' '™""""""' "S'"-™' I"'- >"» «ni„ ..i„.in . «.od or !:,: e 1': LTsI::"'""" "'" """"" "' rensioii, l,nt tlic Rrcatcr one of o, 1 '"' ""' ™'^ <>'»"«• .gainst Inn,. Tl.^t^„° ^ Zo ;""-""™' """''" '" '"'"""■''"'I »4i, in ..„io„ ,..„ „„ „ Civod's; ;'„:;:*•• "'^' ,"'••"■ -" as o„o of l,is |„cdoco,so~ .r.,!„ v„, „ 7 "' ".°' "" P'"""' » favorite Do,vn, wl,„, i,! 13S0, was „„rk d , i," ^'"'°"'""'"' "'"' "'» Prior of •ained tho soc, ,I,o„;i, L ^d to „ ,„ I '""■"' T' "''" '" ''''" <">■ .-.sessions, ,,„,!',,. and" ™Z :: rr •,:;:/<;; "" -"-, . 80 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEY OF IKELAia). Be It observed, for the sake of the character of the Irish Church, that this brace of worthies were not of mere Irish descent, as appear^ from an act of parliament in the ye^r 1380, prohibiting any of this description being professed in the abbey of Down. It sometimes hap- pens, that the Scribes and Pharisees occupy the chair of Moses, and if their lives be not in accordance with their doctrines, we are admonished by the Savior himself, to beware of their pernicious example, as he denounces wee to those by whom scandals come. Tlie promotion of those unworthy men, to the epircopal dignity evinces the predilection which their English extraction ensured them with the government : alike injurious to the interests of religion and of tliose whose rights, civil and ecclesiastical, were disregarded and tram- pled under foot. Tlie Primate recommended William Basset, also a Benedictine, to the notice of the holy See, as a proper person to be promoted to the diocese of Down, vacant by the deprivation of John Sely, but his efforts were umuccessful. Sely and the bishop of Connor had contem- plated an union of those sees, before the sentence of deposition had been pronounced. The Primate had, at this time, opened a correspon- dence with John Stafford, bishop of Bath and Wells, in which he assured him that the union of those sees would be an injrry to Eng- land, and an advantage to the king's Irish enemies, but he was equally unsuccessful, as at Borne. It was therefore agreed to unite the sees when the vacancy of either permitted. Nevertheless, the Primate cited John, bishop of Connor and William StaAvley, prior of Down, and the chapter, to appear and exhibit canonical proof of this an-angement ; but Jo' in the meantime appealed to Rome, was successful, and con- tinued .0 govern the united sees of Down and Connor, until his death wliich occurred in tlie year 1451, ' John, bishop of Down and Connor, succeeded to the see of Down, by provision of Pope Eugene IV., A.D. 1441 ; he died A.D. 1451 The predecessors of John, in the see of Connor to St. Malachy, inclusive of liis incumbency, were — A.D. Patrick O'Baman, 1174. Neliemias, . 1182. Reginald, . 1197. Christian O'Keamey, . 1210. Eustachius, , 1240. Adam, 1244. Isaac, . 1256. xa William, , 1260. William de Hay, 1263. Robert Fleming, 1274. Peter de Nunath, 1292. John, . . . . 1315. Richard, 1321. James de CoupV.th, 1323. John'deE^glesclifFe, James O'Kcmej, William Mercier, Paul, , . , John, EOCLKSIABTICAT, HISTOEr OF lEELAHD. Eugene, Cornelius. John, in whom the sees were united, &,c. 1324. 1351. 13^5. 1376. 1411. 81 1427. Robert Eochford, elected to the see of n. earnestly recommended to. the hoi' eb, John m" ""7"' "" - Armagh, and in his letter he describefthe bil f"^' ""'^'^''^''^ ''' well-skilled, both in the English aTdT -J i ^^ "" '''*!"""* ^"'^ 1451, bnt there is no cStv of, "''^''- ^^ ^"^^^^^^ed in Pope provided KichardC^ ^^ CiroTt"' " '' ^P^'^^' *^« Thomas was consecrated bilhl',, ' ^^'' •^"'^' ^^'^' died about the ,.ear 1468 ^ '" ''^' '"^^^ ^^^ «^ ^-^' 1^56; he nuady succeeded, bj provision of Pope Pa„l tt ^ crated at Rome, in the church of Sf Af c ' *"^ "^^^ ««°se- 10th of September, 1460. On is' etln ho' 7" ''■"™'"' ^ ^'^^ the Primate, and was admitted ote\tTf '"' ^^ '"'"^^ *" 1486. ^^^ ^'® of peace. Tliadj died in Eugene Macgonnia, succeeded, by provision nf T> n , having sworn fealty to the king, recei. e^he t. T '"^ ^^^ ^"'^ October, 1541. He sat in 1550 ^'"■^^' ^'^ ''^« 24th of t.-r^6;n:n' "Xf r^- r- --• -oo. ^ar. Elected bishop for his supe'r ,"4 w/'r T""* ^' ^^^"^^^^• remained a long time in I da. "d - I" " '^ "" ^"^"^^^'' -'^ wealth an. presents, onhTf , f "i^^ ^ ^^'^'^««"-«J rejected the offer, as he prefer ed!! 1 "t? '' *'"'^ *^"^'^^^' ^^^ ^^ things of life. God released hfm 1 1 ''"" '^ ^'" ^^-^-^ faken and put to death ; he !v^Tj .^.^dTe:' '"^ ^ T ''^'^ ;np.eces on the 1st ch.y of Febn.r; 1^;^^'^^^^^ '^"^ "'^ lord justice of Ireland. His drorrlf„l ' ' f"^/'^hur Chichester being >i- of Indiana, „„d .1.0,0 1': ' 'r j:^; »«^;-' »" «- c..„: other in p„e„H„g ,„, ,„„„,,^^ 1' „ 1''''''''",'^'' ""'' ™-='' ^■■tl. fine linen, ,„ „,,i,.^ ,,., ,,, ""« "'^ !''™ •"H'l'oJ tl.omselvc O'Luchaircn atten.lcd ,!,„ W,!,™ Wl ^T ''"'""' «''"l''' P"Wck .U„d be p„. ,0 dea,,., .L' ^ .ilSLl'T^T "" "rr" "'»' ""«' ii- III I ECCLESUBTICAL HISTOET OF lEELAND. illustrious prelate should be without a priest to accompany hfm ; so that he suffered and endured the same treatment with his bishop, for the sake of his soul and the kingdom of heaven. * ' In consequence of the severity of those times, the sees of Down and Connor were administered by Doctor Patrick Byrne, as vicar-general, for forty years. Edmond, in 1627. Bonaventure, of the order of St. Francis, &c. Arthur McGennis, in 1650. In 1674, Daniel Mac Kay was bishop of Down and Connor, and his name frequently occurs in the registration act, as ordaining priests, &c. Bishop Armstrong. Bishop Stuart. Bishop Sheil, 1700. Edmond O'Doran, 1759. Theophilus McCarten, 1788. Hugh McMullen. Patrick McMullen, 1824. "Willinm Crolly, translated, 1835. Cornelius Denvir, November, 1835. Accompanied the Primate iu 1836, and the following year, to Killala, as secretary, while the inves- tigation pended, relative to the dissatisfaction which prevailed between the venerable Dr. O'Finan and the clergy. BOCLESUflTlCAL HI8T0KT OF rSELAOTJ 83 CHAPTER XL SEE OP KILMORB '":r; nor l,a™ wo ,ny c^taiT22ul7f ""*" "" ^'""""^ '»• erected Uicre by 11* saint, or any oZ, "? " """^'^'-J' b'tag apposed .0 ,..ve been L imUr7 s^'^^"^" '* "' ' '^"«- «» » fan, an Mand in longh Eee of the t! T"" '"*°' o' I"ni»cloth. l.onse of t„e Hy-Fia^eh™ tta'^rs' / *"">'*-> '"-Woo, that ri„™„e o'Canacbty, who dTd f 23/ ' ,f "T "^"^ *'>™. more or Breffiny met with ' " ""^ "« ""Wiop of Kil. According to Udaer, the following wet. bi.hop.:_ A.D. 1250. 1286. 13G7. 1314. 1319. 1370. Thomas Rushock, John O'Reillj, Robert Brady, Nidiolas Brady, Donagh, . ■ ConoglacMacEneol, Simon O'Rourke,. . ig^fi. tIZT,;^^"!""^^' ^9 J>iaunce Abbot, MatliewJfcDuibne, Patrick, Kichard O'Reillj, Andrew Mac Brady, archdeacon nf r -u consent of Pope KichoL Y. CZtll «" "\T"'^'^- ^^ '^^ ";;d into a cathedral, and placed in tlh ^'"'^ '^"'''^ ^^ ^*- ^^^li- M. -nfirmsthise4tionVe;e:f^^^w;!r ^^^P^ ^allistus successors Lave taken the tit}: f I f ^' ^^^cefo'-th he and his A.D. 1456. "^' '^'^^ ^^ ^«Wb of Kilmore. Andrew died ^^^^J^^-ete^.^^^ Wconvene^: Uer' ^- D.bn, who succeeded, sat a short time, .nd died A D ^ohn, bishop ofKiWe, succeeded, 1464. Sat in May, 1470 n 84 ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOET OF ntELAND. Tliomas Brady, succeeded ; sat in 1489, and assisted at a provincial council held on the Yth July, 1489, in the church of St. Mary, Atherdee, county of Louth. 'Iliomas died A.D, 1511. Dermod, bishop of Kilmore, a man of learning, succeeded, in 1511. Being a lover of peace and order, he repaired to Swords, in the county o£ Dublin, as tlie times were very tumultuous in Ulsf .i- ; there he offici- ated as vicar, and died in 1529. Edmond Nugent, sat in 1541. He was prior of the convent of tho Blessed Virgin, at Tristemagh. He died in the reign of queen Mary. John Brady, succeeded ; sat in 1576. He was deprived about the year 1585. Of him. Sir John Per/ot, lord deputy of Ireland writes to queen Elizabeth, regarding the advancement of the English in Ireland : " Tliat of late there was a lewd friar come from Eome, as a delegate of the Popes, that usurped the see, dispersinf* abroad seditious bills, and such like trash." Tliat he had dispossessed him of the bee of Kilmoru, and hoped to bring him to submission, or to answer for his lewdness ; and as he judged, it would be ari-'-^crease of her majesty's authority among those barbarous people, to have a bishop placed there by her majesty, so he recommended John Garvey to supply the j^Iace, and to supplant the usurping bishop, and desired a warrant to enthrone him. Of couree the pious shepherdess of the Anglican church complied with the wishes of Sir John Pe^rot, and letters patent, instead of those - ith the fishennan's ring, were granted to John Garvey. The letter of her deputy must have been gratifying to her Majesty, as she had at one time liberally rewarded an author who composed a song, which aimed at bringing the friars an^ nuns of the day into con- tempt and disgrace ; that song has been circulated through the country, and is to be found in Ilardiman's collection of L-ish minstrelsy, vol. 1, p. 254. Eichard Brady, bishop in 1610. Hugh O'Reilly, died in 1627. Eugene Sweeny, 1650. In 1670, Oliver Darcy, a minorite. Michael Mc Donagh, 1737. Lawrence Eichardson, 1753. Andrew Campbell, 1769. Denis McGuire. Charles O'Eeilly, coadjutor, in 1800. James Dillon, translated from Eaphoe, A.D. 1801. Patrick McGuire, 1826. Farrell O'Eeilly, 1329. James Brown, who presses at present, was consecrated in June, 1827, as coadjutor. HccLEsuencAL umour of xeklaut) 85 CHAPTER Xn. DIOCRSK OF ARDAOB- i-is first bishop was S*^. jvffpl a n^* j . .ecrated before W. .rrival tawld A .''"''' '° ''''™ ''■»'' »"- « bi-hop while St. Bridget was vet in h t ""* *" ''"^ '«'» .. -'nmbency of Ardagh, and it seem rt^K • ""^ '""" "f !■» »l...n Kt Patrick w° '„„ hi" Z J' M r™'"''''"^ '"'>'' P'""^ *att of this holy bishop U^ZTrnT,'" "" ^°""- "» then Jeservedly reclioned amon J/,. ''"'°<*° "^ ^fdagh i, labor, and to have wrt.„ fb^rk^ntr ." '™!,''''"'' "-^ '"'?»''' P- Ak, while the apoatle was IWng '""" "'' '"'"«'"» »' St. in ^.leering ia^ nalf^ ^thr L": ZZ^T"' 7^^"^ «« the eonstant and beloved r„m„ ! /„ i ^"""« ''" '""*■ b» and exalted 3.„e.it; rf s TdlT 1r ' "^"'r'*' '" ''-'"''i «- Reared him to all, and oUained for ifn, th'tir''^""" """""« »" He ia ranl:ed among tl,e firet and „ , j."'"'''*"^ "' '«'=«' write,^ Patriek. ^ ™' '"'' """' mary to jt .i« at preset, in':rirLrrr 'T" *"' «^^^-' - imitator of Si. Patrick's virtues anTT ' ^'^'''*^'"' ** ^««^«« labors. The davof his de "'not kn T"'"' '^"'P"^"^" ^^ J"« tl- 6th of February. We hir 1 7 f '"' ''''''"'' ^^ ^t o. ce-o. until the conLg o/tl.e E^^^fa^ "''"'" "^™^'^^« «^ ^^ «"«- I A mm 86 ECCLE8IASTICA1 HISTORY OF IRELAND. i St. Erard, a native of Ireland, and Bishop of Ardagh, flourished about the year 700. With his brother, St. Albert, and nineteen other associates, he forsook his country about the beginning of the 8th century and traveller" into Germany. He joined St. Ilildulph, who was then living retired in the Vosges, and with whom he remained a considerable time ; thence he proceeded to Bavaria to preach the gcspul, without be- ing attached to any see as bishop. Happening to be near the Rhine St. Erard baptized Odilia, the infant daughter of the duke, Atticus, who being born blind, became gifted with sight in the very act of her bap- tism. After this, he returned to Bavaria, and tarried at Ilatisbon, where having led a most holy life, as many miracles attested, he terminated his earthly career on an 8th of January. St. Erard was canonized by Popo Leo IX. in 1052. The death of this saint ought to be placed about the beginning of the 8th century, A.D. 714, as it appears tliat Odilia waa born in 700. Of this saint there are conflicting accounts. Ceili, Bishop of Ardagh, flourished in 1048. Macrait O'Moran died in 1168. lie assisted at the Council of Kclla in 1152, and was then styled Bishop of Conmacne, or Ardagh. Christian O'lleotai, was bishop in 1172, and died in 1179. P'Tirienan, Bishop of Ardagh, died in 1187. O'llislenan was slain A.D. 1189. Adam O'Muredai died A.D. 1217, and is reckoned among the bene- factors of the Abbey of Tristernagh. Besides the confirmation of sev- eral Churches in the diocese, ho granted to it the tithes of Tyrclogher, Clonmellon, Rathowcn and Ardgl»i, reserving his episcopal customs. Robert, an Englishman, a Cistercian Iklonk, and eleventh Abbot of St. Mary's, near Dublin, succeeded in 1217. The annala of Mary's Abbey desc "be him " as a man of holy conversation." Ho was also a benefactor to the Abbey of Tristernagh. He died on 28th of Mav 1224. •^' Simon Magrath, celebrated for the probity of his mannere, virtuo and devotion, succeeded, A. D. 1224, and died in 1230. Joseph Magodaig, Archdeacon of Ardagh, wiw elected bishop of this see ; proceeded to Rome and there obtained the sanction of the Pope, but on his return, died at Ilorenco, in Italy, A.D. 1231. Jocclin O'Tormaig was consecrated in 1233, and confirmed about tlie close of the year: lie died A,U. 1237. Brendan Magodaic succeeded in 1238, and sat seventeen years. He was a large benefactor to the Abbey of TriHternagli. lie died A.D. 1255, and was buried in an abbey of (Janons o^ St. iVter, at Derg. Miles do Dunstaple, so called from a town of thac name in Bedford- diiro, was ohHm\ hblr^ of Anlag!!, and obtained tliu n.yal assent on ECCMSIARTICAL HISTOKT OF IRELAND. 87 Mathew O'Heothy, Canon of Ardagh, was consecrated and was pre- ferred by the king to the temporals on the 28th of January 1289 Ho governed the see tliirtj-two years and died, A.D. 1322. From the pe- nod of h:s death until the ye.r 1331, the temporalities of this see we'e received by the king's escheators. John Mageoi succeeded, A.D. 1331, and died in 1343. After his decease the see was again vacant three years. Tl.e king's escheato,^ must have again managed the temporals and have taken a deep i« m the widowed state of the bishopricks. .nd^rr".^??"' r'''^''''" "^ ^"'"S''' '"''' '^^^^'^^ by the Dean andCh^tor beiore the end of the year 1343, and wa. execrated a 1.47 , he governed the see twenty yeai. afterwards, and died in 1367 He was a prelate much celebrated for the integrity of his life. Wmmn Mac Casac, a secular priest, succeeded in 13G7, and died through the eOccts of a fall from his horse in 1373 Charles O'Ferrall succeeded, A.D. 1373, and died at Home in 1378 1392 ' '' ' """"" "^' ^^"^^'"" '' *^- ^«P« -- bishop hi .^ohn O'Frayn, a friar, succeeded A.D. 1378. Ho died in lSfl4 ih. see being vacant two yeai-s after his decease. ' *^' Gilbert Mac Brady succeeded by provision of Popo Boniface IX and was consecrated in 1390. -uwniiace lA., Adani Lyns or Lyons, a Do.ninican Friar, succeeded by provision of t^^.e Pope, A.D. 1400 : he doparfe.l this life A.D. 141G Cornelius O'Ferrall 8U(ci'(((li.,l !,. Ill S3 . -ii .o,,., s„.„,, „..,,,„, or w ""^ ;;• :z:: "''trr (lepaited life A.D. 1424, ami wan interred in tho tJ ^ ^' V. ' '' Kichurd O'Ferrall Rat in Hot. „ i , «ynoe«r of his death, or of hi I'o T"-^,' "'^^''"^ «*' '^ ^l-«- The but his festival is ^bservedrtirZ, Ju.!!^ ^^'^''^"^^ ^^ ""^--' ^^ Ot the succession of bishops in this see we have no accoun, except tion made of Droniore, or Elphin. ' '*'' " "<* ™«'i- (Jorard. a Cistercian MonW nf fi.„ ah Andrew, Archdeacon of Dronioro w„a TiKernac I. n-.u. Uisho., of [r ' '""««<^''"t«d A.D. 12«. n X. ,v,to uisnop ot Droniore in 1267 '-•ervasc succeodud in 1290. TiKurnuc II., a monk, died in 1309 C hnst<.pher presided over thn .«e ••„ ^Jq,^"'« ^'^'""^'^ ^ Cornelius died about the year 1381. " ' I .ill 90 ECXJLESIASTtCAL HISTORY OF IRELAOT). il' ft 1:1 Juliu O'Lannub, a Franciscan Friar, succeeded by provision of Pope Urban VI., and having sworn allegiance, obtained the temporals on the 10th of November, 1382. John Volcan, bishop of Dromore, was translated to the see of Ossory in the year 1404, and soon after died, leaving a reputation for his virtues and endowments. Eichard Jifessing, a Carmelite, succeeded in 1408 and died in 1409. John succeeded in 1410, and resigned in 1418. It seems this John was retained by the archbishop of Canterbury, as his vicar. Nichok's Warter, a Franciscan Friar, succeeded by provision of Pope Martin V., on the ITtli of March, 1419, in consecjuence of the absence of John. David Chirbury, a Carmelite Friar, succeeded ; wiis a prelate re- nowned for his piety and theological knowledge. lie died A.D. 1427 or 1431, and was, it is said, buried at Ludlow, in a monastery of his own order. Tliomas Scrope, distinguished by his virtue and learning, succeeded in 1434. lie first embraced the Benedictine Order, and afterwards joined the Carmelites, among whom he lived in the practice of almost increilible austerities. An Eremite for twenty years, he was called from his solitude and sent to instruct the people by Pope Eugene IV., by whom he was promoted to this see about the year 1434. His revenues ho expended on the poor, or on pious uses. lie lived to a docrepid old age and died in 1491. He must have re.- buned in the sanetuary of St. Colnniha, esteem d t hi Sn •"„! ~; exemplary virtues and wl,r> ,..o i , leainmg and Beeo/cerry! AD 1158 ^^"^' ^ "^''-^^ "«^'-J> Promoted to the wasamnnnf '"'"'""' «^ *•'« ^«»i- Masters thus describe him : "Jo was a man or j>ui'o eliostifv n •.•>i.-^-! ^ »'"" . jio I U.0 cli.^.t,f;y, a precious stoue, u ge.n, a star, treasury ut 96 ECCLESIASTICAL IIISTORV OF IRELAND, 2J i wisdom, and chief conservator of the canons of the church." He flou- rished from 1152 to 1173, the year of his death. A great miracle, say the annals, was performed on the night of liis death : "it became bri^at from dusk till morning, and it appeared to the inliabitants that the ad- jacent parts of the globe were illuminated, and a large body of fire mo.ed over the town, so that the people rose from their beds, thinking it was day." Amlave O'Coffy, called in the annals of Connaught, bishop of Kinel Eogain, died A.D. 1185, at Duncrutni, whence his body was conveyed to Derry, and buried in St. Columba's abbey, at the feet of his prede- cessor. Florence O'Cherballen, succeeded, A.D. 1185; died A.D. 1230, in the 86th year of his age, and the 46th of his consecration. Gei-man or Gervase O'Cherballen, succeeded, in 1230. He took many things from David O'Brogan, bishop of Clogher, and annexed them to his own see, and also from Carbrac O'Scoba, bishop of T^aphoe. While he presided, an abbey of Dominicans was founded at Deny* A.D. 1274, by John O'Donnel, prince of the country. German died' A.D. 1279. ' Florence O'Cherballen, succeeded, A.D. 1279, and sat fourteen years, having >'"ed in July, 1293. Henry Mac Oreghty, called Henry of Ardagh, was- a Cistercian monk ; lawfully elected by the Dean and Chapter, A.D. 1295. Gov- erned only a short period, having departed this life in 1297. Geofry or Godfrey Maglathin, was consecrated and obtained the temporals A.D. 1297. He presided fourteen years, and died in 1315, Odo or Hugh O'Neal, a secular priest 6f the diocese, was elected' in 1316 ; presided scarce three years, having died in June, 1319. Michael Mc Loghlcn was elected in August, 1319, and was con- finned by Dennis, dean of Armagh, in the absence of primate Rolana Joyce, then beyond sea. He presided in 1324. Simon, a friar, sat in the years 1367 and 1369. John Dongan, a Benedictine monk, was translated from this see to that of Down, A.D. 1395. John, a Cistercian and abl)ot of Moycosquin, or Clarewell, in the barony of Coleraine, was promoted by the Pope to the see of D«rry in the year 1401, and he died A.D. 1410 ' William Quaplod, an English Carmelite, succeeded ; was educated at Oxford. He died A.D. 1422. DonaM or Donagh, sat in this see A.D. 1423, and died ten yebra after. It seems he resigned 'in 1429, as Archbishop Swayne, the pri- mate, was guardian of the see. Tlie Primate, when on his visitation in ECCI.E8IA8TICAL HISTOET OF IBELANB. penance, -Ln „„„,,,e: f,l Jn ^ ll.JV'f f'' '° "^ ' .nate that he had lived in a manned Lf ' T '^ '° '"*'> *» P"" .«„, ..eceeded in »,,, aTd" i d 'C ' a"\T , Primate was issued aeainst W,- <• i . , "'"''™ *»m tie Bartholomew O'Sl ^ c,^ ''"' ""'' °"'" "■'»«■ -vPopeca,iist„si,,;o:;ir; ™;'S'Tr,"*'' '- "' I..oholas Weston, baehelor of the cZntt , '' "•""" '"3. was consecrated l,t im, and he died ilSl " ™"°" '"■^™"«''. - vi^pri'iorrvrrrrr^rT- - »*■»"«<> -..>» 1500. He was conside^d . L^of'Jf ^''^' "^'^ ' ''» '^^ » constant preaehh.g ,l.„„g,, al wldthi^r^' ^ '"■" '"'"'"« ""I James Mae Mahon v,! co„see«ed ^UoVTfT" """'' J^- S:terf.t'srdTr"'r I^edinond O'Gallagher, sat in 1604 SnfT ^ Doctor O'Keillj, in 1751. ^'*- ^^^^red martyrdom. Patrick Bruligan, consecrated in 1751 • -.«: . • Doctor Mac Colgun, sat in 175o ' ^ ^"'^ '"^ ^^'^' Daniel MacDevit, lived in 1775 Charles O'Donnel, in 18^4 Peter Mac Laughlin, consecrated on the 6th D , •rohn McLaughlin, consecrated the 16 ,. ?T"f "' '''"• '« ordinary, in 1840. ^ ^^"' ^^ J^^^' 1837. Succeeded and -antr,. and entitled ,:tt'rd::r;t ''rfence of ,1,0 con,es,i„n„,, i,f „•,, , he ,! ""■* '"'' '"'» ''1'1™<«J B.on the tongues of its seoi™ ,„u ' J"" .""' '" -*»">« and eontU >n.nis.cr of England, and his seomi tt 2'""^ !'""' """^^' ?"»<•■ r«nm of thei,. c„l„m„i.^ as «7r b " ' T* """"' "^ *« <"■• "■'ol^cl V the pen of this hmrted p!^ , •"■'■" "'' '"'"'■ «<> "My ""«;;theiral«,„i„„h,ef„,,,,Jt ,2 ,"'•'"'■'' "'" "'"""'"''"^ '" Francis Kelly snccccded in ,1,!" ' ''"'""' ""titntion. consecrated on ,ho 21st of Oct her Z?*"''"" "'' "'» '"•>■ «"<• was education are ^il,.„-„^_ ' "*"• nnJcr whom m],-™., . 7 Hi I|£. tf8 EOCI.ESUfllTCAI. meXOKY OF DIELAM). CHAPTER XVL I'm :] AKCHIEPISCOPAL SEE OF DUBLIN. Dublin was only an episcopal see, until the palli^un was first con- ferred on Its prelate by John Paparo, cardinal legate at tho council of Kells, in 1152 : at that time the see of Cashell ranked before Dublin as St. Malachy O'Moore sought the pallium for tne sees of Armagh Ld Cashell only, and in the distributxon by the cardinal of the palliuras to the lour dioceses of Ireland, which are now archbishopricks, the see of Dublin was the third in the series. Dublin is now reckoned as the second see of L-eland, and its prelate ie styled primate of Ireland in accordance with the directions of the ho' - see, anxious, as it was,' to terminate the controversy that so often arose between the primates of Armagh and archbishops of Dublin, regarding the right of precedence, aa might be observed in the history of the prelates of Armagh. Dub- lin, the metropolis of Ireland, has two cathedrals. Christ-Church and St. Patrick's, a peculiarity, in which Saragossa alone participates. Jioth have been forcibly seized by those intruders, whom the perse- cutor of England have sent amongst the people of our country to plunder and spoliate, while fhe descendants of the pious founders and the^ steadfast adherents of the ancient faith were obliged to worship their God in the most obscure lanes and alleys of the city Christ- Church was erected about the year 1038, and St. Patrick's in 1190, on the site of an old church, which was said to have been erected by St Patnck; both cathedrals are situated within the city and liberties of Dublin. To the see of Dublin wa*. m^ta^.., that of Olcndalou^^h, in the year 1214, on the death of ^^ ■ " - ' - ^ Ull .Pi- - 0, the 'ast recognized bishop: the union of those sees was ratified by Pope Innocent III., on the 25th of February, 1215, and again Ilonorius III. confirms the acts of h.8 predecessors in this affair. A controversy having arisen betweei tlie chapter of St. Patrick's and Eobert de Bedford, the dean o* GlenJalough, and afterwards bishop of Lismore, the subject was referred by the Poj.e to Felix O'Ruadan, archbishop of Tuam, wh.- t con- icil of lin, as 1 and ins to see of IS the id, in as, to OS of ence, Dub- and •ates. lerse- 7 to I and rsliip nist- ), on ' St. es of )^ear the J5th I of ec oi was . fcy his decree pronounced ic fw.. ^f *t. , l^e archbishops of Duhlm ^.vi . , of Glendalongh, Ltil a . ^at^ It t:^"^ ^^^^^^ «^ «- - St. Patrick, by Dennis White who hJ\ T^' '"^ '''^ ^'-^^hedral of ^ the regal authority. Sin^l-; ^ ^e^ G^ 11'' '" ^^P^^^^ desert; tJ.e mountains, which gird t rv2 " "^"' i« becon.e a «cene, contracting every proHpeef o t fo T- T ' «^^«"^ «^'«^ i^« «ble ruins of the aancLL/o St t '!' "T "'^'^ ^" ^^^« — "Ppearanoe reminds the behoJder H .', ^""^"^ '"^ melancholy ;;daptedforaIifeofp.y:;^^^^^^^^^^^^ - Pa--cular,; lo"gh w.th Dubh-n, the far-famed citv ^ ! " ""'"" ^^ ^'^^^^a- cd «ces, has gone not only to decay b,; "T""' '^^ ^^« ''"'S^^^- rohbers and outlaw's ^' ^"* ''''' ^^^«"^« the receptacle of exigencies of these districts, w J "t lent h nT"' '''" *^^ '^'^^'-^^ and advancing to Xaa, tl.; ZtllT, Z ■' '^ T ^'^ '"^'^ ^--^-- ^«.d to have baptised in a fountain near t) 7-'^ '^''' '"•''^''"^«' ^^ rWnce. Illand and Alihl, t ons o kI" n^f ' '' *'^ *''"•" "'« • became in time sovereigns of Le L'ter If '""?^"' '''^^ '' ^'^"^ «"» officer in the court of Naas w o „n^. "^ '' '"^^ '^ ^"« ^'^-"«". f-'n the «aint, pretended t^e IV";' ^ ""^" '"^*''"^^'- coa«ed. St. Patrick, having direct^ m' . '"'' '^''"'^'' ''«« "<>* district in some part of the cj^^ ! j W 1?" '""'•''" "^-Garchon, a V DHclnV, pHnce of the cZ / D L r^" ""^-'^^-eceiv^ Monarch Leogaire, who bore enmL fnl '"'"''"^'''' *« '''« "7--K, station, most h. i^ '^l^^ i;::;'-/ f ^Ki.lin, a n,an only cow in his pos^essson, that he mi."l 1 1 "' '"^""^ '^'""^l «» 'n-H companions. His ge of >s tv or^^ ' "^ ''""'' '^'' ^'"'' ^'^'""^ «"d W-ingH which the bene, ic I- of"l • T""" "" "•"^'"'^^'^ '>^ ^''^ c»n-ngrorln-„.„„dl,i.tannTy '"' "'"" '"«f™»'ont«I i„Vo- I'Vom fill!', district Sninf P,.f..f i ««" " .■.■.■•v<.™, z,r: :»::;•:;;''''"?■."■''"•■ "° '■"■■• "'- Pl«" al,o,„ „,„ end of ,1, 1 ''''4" 1" "" "';i'>""'""" '"'v,, taken' to death. Ilowovnp tb«,v r-.- i '"^ ""n^risod an.l ,„.f e«^nped without "fidling iLo^ZT^ t" f'?"^^' ""'' P'-id.nfi.di; rf t.,c p.ts. n.o Areh-iHK.t, Dubtuch, of Uy. 100 ECCLE8USTICAL 1II8T0EY OF mELAKD. I ' ■ I Ivinsellag], (County of Carlow) was Lis next host. In their conversation on rehgious affairs, St. Patrick asked if he knew any one in the country v-lio waa worthy of being promoted to lioly orders. Dubtach replied tlmt he had a disciple, Fiech, tlien absent, who was worthy of this ]»onor. liecli had been sent to Connaught by liis preceptor to present some of Jus poetic compositions to the princes of this province, and before the conversation ended, had returned. Fiech, the son of Ere, and of tlio liouse of Ily-Bairclie in Leinster, was descended of an illustrious family; was a Christian, or at least a cateclunnen, when he met St. Patrick, and, it is said, wa- then a wid- cm-er, lus wife having died a little before and leaving an only son called ■ liacre. Tlie saint finding him qualified to be promoted to the ecclesi- astical state, gavo him the tonsure and supplied him with means where- by to prosecute his studies, in which he made great progress, as well as m p.ety and devotion. After some time he was consecrated bishop, tho first m the province of Leinster, who was raised to the episcopacy and at length became the chief bishop of the whole province. His see was fixed at Sletty and he is also said to have presided over a monastery, uhich was called Domnach-Fiech. His name and memory have been heldm great respect and veneration. He must have lived to a great age. for it ,3 said that sixty of his disciples departed this life before him- Belf; his death probably took place about the year 500. St Fiech is deservedly ranked among the Fathers of the Iri^h Church, and his see of Sletty continued to enjoy precedence or preeminence, until the sev- ent 1 century, when it was transferred to Ferns. St. Patrick, it is related me with great encouragement from Crimthan, son of Fnda Kinsella.^h,' H"d king of IJy-lunsella, who, though hostile to Fiech and his connex- ions is ropresentod as a pious prince and founder of churches which he cnlovcl. lie arrived m Ossory and there converted numbei., and foumled churches, some of which are sjiecifitHl. St. Patrick is said to have blesse.l Dublin, and to have foretold if lutun greatness and prosperity. .Saint Livinus, bishop of Dublin was n native of Ireland, aud accord- ing Home, ot royal extraction. He .as b..ni in the reig . of Col , Knnhe who was king of" Ireland, in the beginning of the^eve.ili; ! ^ afte, tl c dea h of h,s master, to have retired into n desert with three con.pan,o„s, Fo.llan, Elias, ami Kilian, where h. nnploved his mo n nu.cr ung books in o.ler to procure sustenance f;Ui...J;r.::n r^or. He passed over into J^ritain and remained live vea,^ under tho ^.vH...n of Aug„.t'no who . rdainod him priest, and 1^^:^^: to h:s native country he was promoted to t!,o dignity of bishop, but hi. ECCLESTASTTCAX mSTORV OF ^"aAND. ^^^ out fro,„ L.e,a„d ^^^ w . '"'" "^^ '''' ^"''^ ^^^' ''-et deacon Sylvanus, 1. ^^.^^^^Z^ I'^^'f''''' ''' *''« ^-^- abbot of two monasteries at GW VT ^'"^'""^^ ^ Floribert. Bavo, who was bun^.^t^e «:;;:; T ""' "" ^^"^^' ^^^^ o^' ^^ tion, and who., epitaph ^'J^^^'Z "" '^' "^ ^^^^^ ^— the tomb of St. Bivo L ceiebnted d I .. '"^"''^ "^ ^^°^'^^'-*- ^n «"-rty days that he ren.d,^d r! '"'^ ^^'V^'^"«^^ «f ^he n.ass during and devotion, hoproee : ^nj ^f ' T' '"-^^ "^^^ ^' «'-"*' bant. Lerna and Crapl r7i iT ^^o'T "'^' ''"^''^'•^ «-' ^- tention, and he there Lsto e l,^ ^J^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ''^^ -^^' .-at at- aildis, which was lost for thirte n ,^1 «^ %>lbe_rt, the son of Craph- • ""'^^1' opposition and vexation of wl t h" . ""T"-^ ^''''' ^''^' P^op'" Floribert, and in which he dedared , '""^ "'^"^ "' ^"'^ ^P'«^'« 'o -.flon-n, martyrdon. Soon We Z 'ZTu''''''''''''''^ ^' ^"'^ fe'"n« at Escha, near Ilauthen, on of M om '" '""^^'^"'^^ ^^ I^- ous in tortnrin. hin,. Walbert 't,t ''"' Pa'-tieularly conspieu- threw it to the do., b,,.; '"' ^""-"« with nippj and beaten and tort.nS ^^rr H^f r^^"^^* ^^^^'^ ^r..;;; ber, 650. Hi, l,,,,,, Crn2-Z- ^^^^« "/ated on the 12th of Novem- t--d by the Saint a o7 ^V'" ;"" "'^ ''•'•^'"«' ^^''^ -- b«i. -.ains of St. Livinns a ^ t^l^^e T' "'" ^'"^ ^^ ''^"•^^''- '1^'- '"■^^■'>'- "^ ''-.then., and n. t "n:^ :!r^^^^^^ /" T^ ^'^^^'^ >'^^ '"« o.y of Livinns i. .i„ „..,„ ,,,,:;; ji'^,^,^:"^"''-^^'- The mem- ^'IV., dated the Int of'j„,y ' 'x n 1' ^■^ '" ^'" ^'^'^'^ '^--'■•^• ^ bishop of Dublin. ^ ' '"^"'^ "'*^"^'«" ••« »'ade of Livinus St Wiro, n native of Ireland f»,„ n /• ,^ -;i to have been of „n ..^t^ ^ P"""l ^''^ -" ^^ ^"^i^, in and of which St. SenanuH of Enni thl" " ""' ^''""^^' ^^'' '-^'"'•o.) rnurn to have .overn.l s ,. s o w I "r""'?'' '""'"^' ' '^ '"'^ '"'Kl't lead a nu,re secluded life ' ' '^7"'""'^ ''^•^•^''^-d, timt ho JCraciousIy received by Pepin I H.J. T ''\ ?"' ^''^'•^ ''« ^^-"^ ^X'" "nd who n.ade his co fi.s ^ 1 T'^'^^f '''"' -'"' -"'u-a. •^ ''"-II'-nK Ht Jlon. JVtri n n , ' ?* ^^'l""" ««%'>'-l bin. ;^'''ore he di.d on the 8tl 'f M , "':';7^'' '" ^'^ '''occso tf Ei.,,, trio,... A- •• '"'^ • '"'t tlie vnii» nf !,:„ j--_ . *' ' 102 ECCLESIASTICAL IIISTOKT OK lEELANP, i II Jiis death later than this year. He was buried in the oratory which ho liad erected, and in consequence of its collegiate church having been transfei-red to Eureniond, a part of the saint's remains were removed hither, and another portion reverentially preserved at Utrecht. He is called bishop of Dublin. It was usual witli foreigner to assign to Dub- lin as it became the capital of L-eland, some bishops who had removed to the Continent. St. Disibod was born in Ireland, of a noble family, and was remark- able for his genius and learning. He was ordained priest in the thirtieth year of his age, and soon after elected bishop ; and though Dublin is assigned jis his see, there is not sufficient authority to sustain the asser- tion. Having governed liis see ten yeai-s, ho was driven from it by the insolence of the people, and having resigned in G75, he abandoned his natist country, and associating with him three learned and devout men. Gisualdus, Clement, and Sallust, travelled into Germany, w':ere he moved about, preaching the Gospel for ten yeara ; at last he came to a high woody mountain, wliich the owner of the country conferred upon lum, and there he settled, and practised the life of a hermit-many of tlie Benedictine order flocked to him,-and on this mountain he erected a monastery, wliich was called Mount Disibod. He lived thirty years in exercises of great austerity, and there died, worn out with age, on the Sth of July, in the eighty-hret year of his existence. Hildegardi's u nun, who was educated at Mount Disibod or Disenburg, under the' abbess Jutta, wrote his life, which was published by Surius. The your tn his death is not known. CJualafer or Gallaglier, is mentioned as bishop of Dublin, of whom flothmg is known except having baptized his successor, St. Kumold St. Iluniold was the son of David, an Irish prince, and was heir to lus lather's principality. By Gualafir ho was instructed in learnin- and virtue ; and tl.rough piety, having f^ken a journey to Rome, he aban- doned his right to his inheritance. He passed lii>,t into Britain, thence into Gaul, preaching, wherever ho went, the (Jo^pel of Ciirist It m •aid, in his life, written by Theodoric, and published by Surius, that be- t.)ro engaging .,u his pilgrimage, that ho was consecrated for the see of Duhlm. He travelled over the Alps, and reached Rome, where he reee.ved the apostolic approbation of his laboi-s. Having made some delay m Rome, ho lell the city, repassed into (Jaul, and came to Mech- lin, where Odo or Ado, count of tlio plate, together with his wife, received h.m with gmit kimlness, and prevailed ,.n him to setflo there Ho assigned him a place called Ulmus, from the numerous elm tre«i growing in it. Hero he foun.ied a monastery. Mechlin being raised into an HniHconnl mu.i Pi. >,%..), i,... ,...._ - > ..,...., * -J. ^jj. ._t J i»MinoiUUa ^tOo laauc its nrbt biohop. E0CLE8IASTIC:AL HISTOKY op IEELANB. IQQ Tlic holy bishop planted the true faith everywhere about W..1 r in the head put an e;dl . "' ""^ ^"""»" ''''''^y "^-^^d him itau, put an end to his existence on the 24th of Tnnp r^r a m order to conceal tlieir crime threw l,k h.A • / ' ^^' ^"** being discovered by a heaven I nX C u! o/ ' "7' '"' ^" ^*« it an honorable interment in t ^^h^r,^^^^^^^^^ "' ^"^ ^^^ afterwards translated to a church iu£ 1 IdLte^t T""" ""' and there preserved in a splendid silvei s lin^ hTs i l" T""^' on the 3d of July -is the l.v nf l • i '^''^''^ '' observed sacred to John the'C't " ""'' " '"'' ^^"^ ^'^ *^^^ '^^ A shrine, constructed in 130f), for hi. reh^cs cost fif? 000 fl • t the wai. of 1580, it was broken up and sold SZ ! '' ^" the English troops, rifled the cat llrl" of M ',•"?"""""' ^"^ shrine, and scuttei-ed the relics of St T? n f '"' '^''''"^^^ '^'^ lected again, deposited hi v hri e o ^^^^ * ^ ^^^'^! ^^ -'" about one-third the cost.of the L. t i t Tr/ T '"'^"' '*"' Of Q 1 ,. *■'• " IS exuibited in the cathedml Iin, OS ilioso wcio svnoiivmous terms Ar., 11 " j."""" <" Dub- tbeir merit wore wonL 1 ,„ ■ ' niH, i, nn . . "'^'^ "'i-ti.-p and ... witbont e,e.„i,:,: ^i^ Jtr^r::;:^:;.'"" r'H 3 ' j !ifr-! ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEV OF IKELANT). In Ireland, the usage of confen-ing consecration on tho^ ecclesi- astics, appears to Imve been generally adopted. In the early annals of tlie kingdom they are represented as persons belonging to the episcopal order ; such an ecclesiastic a. we treat of, is honored with the appella. tion of bishop ; and among the Irish, as there was but one name for bishops and chorepiscopi, it is often difficult to determine whether this class of ecclesiastics were the ordinaries of sees or the subordinates. If we find mention of bishops who discharged episcopal functions in different dioceses or provinces, we are to suppose that they acted in the capacity of assistants, as the discipline of the Church obliged the ordi- nary or each see to exercise the duties of his order within the limits of his own diocese. Cormac was living in 800. When Dublin was besie..] by Gregory, king of Scotland, and the inhabitants wore reduced to extremity Cor- mac, a man of singular virtues and of upright life, M^as deputed 'to lay belore tho king of Scotland the distressed state of the city. The Kin^ absolutelyrefused to extend any hope, until the city was surrendered to us discretion ; and on being given up, he forthwith advanced on foot, .11 he came to the bishop, and falling down on his knees, he reverently ussed the crucifix which the prelate bore, and ratified the wishes of tJie bishop. . Douatus was the fii^t amongst the Ostmen or Danes, who wa. bishop of Dublin. By some he is called Duiian. He built, by the aid o Sitri-^us, the cathedral of the Holy Trinity, in the heart of the city ot Dublin, about the year 1038, to which Sitric gave considerable landed pos.sessions. Donutus lived to an advanced age ; died on the 6th of May 10.4 and was buried in his own cathedral, in the upper part of tho chancel, on the right. Patrick, called in the Annals of the Four Masters, Giolla-Patrici- anus was elected bishop of Dublin at the instance of Gotred, king of tho Lsle-of-Man, who coiupicred Dublin and the adjacont country _ He was sent to England to receive consecration from Lanfranc arch- bishop of CanterVnry, with an epistle to the following eflect • "To Inn franc, the venerable metr.>politan of tho Holy Church of Canterbiirv the clergy, and people of Dublin tender their b..und,.n obedience It is known unto your fatl..,hoo,l, that tl,o Church of Dul,li„, the metropolis of Ireland is bereft of her pastor, and destitute of her ruler Wherefore wo have elected a priest called Patrick, a person wbom we thoroughly know-^one, noble both by birth and morals, well imbued in apostolical and ecclesMistica! discipline-in faith a Catholic, and in the interpreta- tion ot bcnpturo wary-in the tenets of the Church well vemed an.l whom we ile^ire without delay to be orduiued our bishop: that undo. ECCLKSIASTICAL HI8T0BY OF IKKLAKD. jQg God lie may rule over U8 ordei-lv and profit «s nnrl fl,„f Puliick mverned tl„ Z r , . - "^i^h lanfranc, to favorite; l,e «.ve hi, « '^^'"''' ^""'^^"« ^^^ ^ Particular for his ;atlX T iJ iT; V^? ^"' ^^"'^^^^ «'-""-^« reputation amon.his con /' ''"'''' '"' ''''^ ^^^-'"^ « Samuel 0'li:n tZhwof D """''''' '""■"'"^^' '^"^^ ^«^-^'^^'- similar authority u^ a ' 1 7. r "'' '"''"'^"'' ^•^- ^^^»^' V vouchee of his '^^;nrradtn ^'^""^f '"f/ ^^^^"-^ ^-m LanfiJ clew n.,.l rc„,,t o,' D ,7,1 7, , 7- '" ' '"''"' """ "'"' ''">"■ 'l'» 01., l.„t .Lowed Z e ;« a Z ' n '"^ ' '" ""'""' "'' "'"> «"'' «*■ «f tl,e .ee of Can e t I " " * *" ' ™ """" "- J"™lic.ion ,re|.H.i.„„ ^f f. ^' "" """ "■■'•'■'•rated at LamLetl,. 1„. p..i,,,, * h' ■Bn 106 aXJLESIASTICAL mSTOKT OF IRELAND. _ Ilavn.g presided over the see of Dublin thirty-one yeare, tho arcln- episcopal dignity was conferred upon him at the council of Kells held imder John Paparo, legate from the Holy See, in 1152. The distribu- tion of sees has been already noticed in the life of St. Malachy, of Ar- magh, and the names of the bishops who attended are also enumerated Lesides the bishops, there were three thousand ecclesiastics present at this synod; though at this synod were men of acknowledged sanctity and ecclesiastics of unblemished character; though the purity of the na' tive priesthood of Ireland was above reproach ; a fact to which Gerald Bany reluctrntly assents, and one which is particularly avowed in the thirteenth canon of the council held by Archbishop Connyn, in 1186 bearing testimony to the chastity for which Ihe Irish clergy we-e always remarkable, Mooi-e, in his History of Ireland, draws an inference from a canon of this synod enacted against marriages in the prohibited de- grees of kindred, unfavorable to the Irish clergy and that they assim- ilated themselves to many of the clergy on the Continent, who disre- garded the salutary disciplin<, of celibacy. The conduct of the lay usurpei-s of the see of Armagh has left the imputation on this see alone, and it is worthy of notice, that the Irish annals do not record instances of profligacy among the priesthood of Ireland until the adventurers of England introduced their system of morals. The Archbishop Gregory, died on the 8th of October, A D 1161 having sat forty years. "He was a wise man and well-skilled in Ian' guages. St. La;vrence O'Toole was the next archbishop of Dublin ; was the youngest son of the hereditary lord of Imaile, the head of one of the septs eligible to tlie kingdom of I^Mnster, and which also maintained the privilege of electing .he bishops and abbots of Glcndaloch, even after the union of this see with Dublin. TI.e father's principalitv was situa- ted in the district of Wicklow, to which he was also attached in the ma- ternal line, his mother having been of the O'Byrnes, a family revered by the Irish nation. St. ].awrenco received his education in the school of the romantic valley of Glendaloch. At the early ago of ten yeara he was distinguislied beyond his contemporaries, and the ardor of his patriotic disposition soon manifested itself, for on receiving him as » hostage from liis fafher, the crnel tyrant Mac Murrough, who oppressed the most worthy chieftains of Leinstor, was induced to avert the woret inflictions of his abused jx.v r. When under the subjocti..n of tin's tyrant, ho began to endure perse cution in ])erfect consonance with' the cruel character of Mac APnrrough. He was contined in a barren and unsheltered spot, and only allowed « • qmnty of food v hich would preserve his existence for torture and ill. ECCLESUBUCil. HKTOBT OF IBEUnj. J^ treatoent. Having Leard of the satferings to „hi,L Id, .„„ jectod, and f„„^ „„„„ that remon.,m„ce,?r el.*,; „t!u K ;"*" .al, PC, .apa would be responded to with ^ore wlLr ho I't tl .^eat., „„,. ..iln^^ItlJd'rhi lolT'tf r'T'^ '°/"' '» «ud^ and con lenLla fon T °'° '^ '"" ''''™"" '■«""'" '»>• J' «im cuuieuipjation, Lawrence renewed hit Rfnr^j^o j tJ^o clain. of birth and inheritance, dev t d hM^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^r'^^, rehg.on, and gave such preeininen signs of rtl!] ^ '"''' m-ity, that he was, in his twenty-flft]. ^elr , 1 soT ?' ^"'^' '"' and people, chosen to preside over the Ibb' If PI Tr "^ '^''^^ it7 to the poor duringLr successi eA^^^i^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^'^ ^•^- and by his uniform rectitude he confounded the efilrt If" T^""'"' by his firm yet merciful superintendence of hifl ' """^' ""'^ district ft'om being a wicked waster A I '"■^'' ^""^^^ed the tivation. When ^^^^'^^^ ::t:^ri^' ^^'"""^^ ^"'- renee was at once chosen t'o fil, U.e L ", '/^tri ''''' '^-- cnsing liimself on the fewness of l.J= , 7 , ' I-awrence ex- intended. However P,"vid nl ^ '^''"'^' '^'' ^'"^«^ ^^^^'^^ was sphere of action, ; 'of t:t"n'rc""""1 ''" ''' ' '"^^^ -"^^^^ be was elected 1 is succes ^r 1 1. r'^'T' ?' ^'"'^'''"^^'^^ «^"^"1^J'«. dined, w. -e he not i:^l\:^tX:t ' ^'^"f' ^'^ ''"' '^ be might accomplish IT. 1 ^ representations of the good ops, and thns wa, d,W„,in„ed the'cnstom w " , Znan '' T^ ''*■ 01 sending the bishops of their eitie, to O^nT. I '""'o'l-oed, ne A,.chbi.,.op L™ce TZ fh", a ^of tlTT''"'"- of Aroasia, an abbev that uo. f« i ^ • ^ regular canons oigbtyyea^previotV^l's W^^^^^^^^^^ ''^^'''^ «^' ^'^ ^^out in order that he might the mo e off n ' ''"''''^ '""^ ^'«^'P''"e> tbedral to adopt tbe'sam^rur ^ w:2S:^r "' ^'^^^ ^^ "^ - number, son.etimes more, to be fed e errd„v "n' ' """""" ''''' ^" bo entertained with becoming splend r Vetln '''""? ''''' "'^'^ uries of the table. Vrh«n the d.X! ;^ ? '" P"''''*^^ ''^' ^'^« J"^' tired to the scene of hi ea^rtr^nL T ''^'"^ """'^^ P'^™'^ ^- - oou.e, his spirit conununed t^ L"^^^^^^^^^ 'l^'" ^'"^^^^^ -^- inflioted his voluntary chastisZenr ' "'' '" "^^'^^^ «• K-- «lt;:tf^:^^.™- ^f - ^^^f '- a oounci, held i„ the archbishop of Dul.lin tl ptt TnT "' ""' "^^ ^^^'^^"^ ^-^ -ce ..th so.e other IHsi:;^ ^^ :^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ "TO, La.- seccid general council- of Lateran (fnT , "'^' ^'^ ^"^"^ the Ilenr^ exacted fronuhem To2 ^w 7""^ ^ "^"^^^ ^"^^^""d, King or his on,,ire in the prog e of t' '^ "t' "^* P^'^J^^- ^-n rence was appointed llgatTf I Ltd Tuso ^"^^* '^«'"^' ^- of Ireland, with tlie son of Eoder^ O'r ? "'^""* ''"^"^"^^ '^^t J'-tage in ik. hands of I W n ^ ^'""^'•' "''-" ^- PJa-d as a there he w.vs detained by the IvL L " sojourning in Norm.ndy ; tl-gh -.=^al.ingrepreJtl!r^^^^^^^^^^ ^'V'^' ^"^""•'^' Insh government. Seein-. tho 1...1 T? , '^ ^'"'^^^ ""^ cruel Anglo. i"« -cesto. become tl^i,j:l^l": "^ ^f ''^ ^^^^^"^'^^ the evils that Mere porn.tted t ^^ :„7rr^^ '' ^"'""'^ *« --* and to place his country, which ilolnfr 7 r"""' '^ ^"-"''«^' ^'"^e^ ^oft an easy prey to the Jy J^^^^^ '^f-- -akene.d and of the English sovereign, and resc " " f ' J t ^'^"^"' i^^«^«^^'- officials. The restrain,^ hus put rori ' ^"^^"'"^^ «^ ^^^'^'^ solution. Sickness sei.ed h L " T ", ""'""^' ^'"^^«"«^ ^"'^ d- aware of his ^mou^.i^ ^Z^ ^Z^v" T' ■^'^^^'''^ ^ '- -« Bilent cloister, he repaired to ho '^'' "^ '^'^ P^"'^^^"! and and there ox;ired on t le 14 ,, ' V""" "' '' ''^^"'^'^•- ^^^^ ^^ En, '•ed he despatched a m^l o I ^ ":^'^"'i'''• ^^^» ^ ^^'^ ^eatlJ Ireland, and the asse::^^;'^:':;^^^ ^^ '■"^'^" "^--" ^o^ but peace was not the oWt ni '^™'"""'^^^-^ ^«*-o his death, atcly after the burial ol' the ',,'''''''''" of England. Ln^edil •Geoffrey de la Hay, s llir nt 7 ^ ^'' "'^"'^ "" '^"«P'^*^'>-<1 t'- see, which ho r^ainedfor a .'elr ' '' "'" '" "^^""^' '' alta^;^r:::^S!!^.|:-'- -e p^ in a shrine bef.r« the 121S, by Pope IlonoriuB" m U^^ZJT ?" ^''"^'''' ''"' ^'*"''"'^«'l '" UB m., they were translated witli great solen,nitv. 110 ECCLESIASTICAL mSTORT OF IREI,AND. and placed over the high altar, and there preserved in a silver shrine &t. Lawrence is the patron saint of the diocese of Dublin. John Comyn succeeded ; an J the English monarch who persecuted IS ' r • "^r""' ''' ''' "^^^"* '^"-^--^ ^° ^'- -"d o^ at n?' m T " '" Wr'^Priate the revenues of the seo. resolved tha an office of so much importance should not he entrusted tc an ^.shman, who perhaj. might be actuated by the same patriotic motives Z!nfr7-\ "'^'^^ """ openly assume an hostility to the rue of tho British monarch. Accordingly, on the monarch's earnest ecommendation, li.s chaplain, John Comyn, a native of England, aiu a Benedictine monk of Evesham, a man of eloquence and learning 7l elected on the 6th of September, 1181, to the archbishopric of Duir by some of the clergy who had assembled at Evesham, for the pur, o e' John wa« not then a priest, but was in the following year ordained one at Yelletr, and on the 21st of March, 1181, was conLrated by Pol Lucius ir who took under his especial protection the see of Du Z and by bull, dated the 13th of April, 1182, and by virtue and authori^; •of the holy canons, ordered and decreed that "no archbishop or bi.hoj Bhou d, without the assent of the prelate of Dublin, presume to h Z ^tical causes or mattei-s of the same diocese, unless enjoined by the Koman Pontiff and his legate." ^ canns of Canterbury, arose the controversv regardii... the nrimatinl ng . of v^Uation, whicli distracted both pr;viii:;s ^;.lrTt ^va.ds. nie Pi mate of Armagh contended that he had, notwithstand- ing this ^.emption the right of having his cross borne before him'of holdmg appeals and visitations in the whole province of Leinster. Ihough a bishop IS bound to residence by the canons, Jolm waa ab IISI, having been despatched by the King to prepare for the reception send iiri ;"' rM ''"'^"' ^^■'^"'" ^-^ '■^^•^' l--^ ^-^ -olv'd send into Ireland John, a« an English baron, received the Prince at Jocli, wit all Its appurtenances in lands, manors, churches tithes fisheries, liberties, to hold to him and his successors for ever ; . S "n.on was not to take place during the lifo of William Piro t In bshop o Glendaloch. I„ the year 1186, archbishop c"mv I'le Fov.ac.al synod in Dublin, in the church of the Holy Triiy The III 1189, this prelate rebuilt the cathedral of St. Patrick, erected It ver shrine. persecuted lie land o^ 0, resolved stefl «;c an ic motives itj to the 's earnest '■land, and ■ning, was f Dul.lin, ! pur|.ose. lined one by Pojie ' Dublin ; authority or bisliop ) to hold Y ecclesi- 1 by the iinst the )rimatia] es after- ithstand- him — of !r. was ab itembor, iceptiun 'Ived to 'inco at Grlenda- tithes, •ut this ), then held a •. The i Pope cted it Die.., in the counlT of Dublin f" "''°7'' "'» """"OO' of Graco- guetine, whom he removed Zmrt; "^ " "''™'^"« "' S«- Au- In no7, Ilamo do vl I L^ """^Tf '* °™'^"' "^ 1"* finai'.v, «>, recalled fron, the gove.!" iT r'"' '"" '°'' »°'' *" '^= monstrance, in September 1,98 T ■ r'"'"™" "^ » PoP"' ^o- fo' W» ^polia.ion,'^n.ade ;" at. T t""'^ ""■*""" «™« '"' 'or »o,„a tiu,e reeeived t..e «2: :ti;:, :";r'rd r t- '?• "--"^ -"'™^ *re a :,ob,e ntonumen. JSelTtt l:^, "' «'™' '^-''. BlSnoPb CF GLEXDALOCH. Coondog,andhianK>ther'sCo .la^f^^l'^^'r^"? ^'^^^'-'^ -- -- «i»eorb ; both were Christians as R ' ^i""'^ ^ '''""^ "' ^'^ ^'^ a pHest Cronan. At ^ e " ^ J '" "" ^"^^'^«^^' -^--^ " -i^ild, by Petrocus, a learned and hoi; BHton ^r," T"/^' ^^'^ ^''^'^^^'^ »-'- Having now reached his twelS " V l "'"V" """'"'^ ^^^'^ ^--• care of three holy eldei. iCan To) ^'"71 '^ '"""""^^ ^"'^ ^" *''« tl^7 in their school J^rZ^ '^':^2::e T' '' ^' '^'''''-' ^^ ^. lie because a disciple oi" Beonanu a !""f "' ' ^'^>'^^-- b;sh_op Lugidus, who ordained •: I' pH T" ^ " '^""'^ "' ^ advce of this bishoj, he founded 1 ^ " '' ""^' ^''^"^ V the called Cluainduacl J uJ^: ^T^''^'',''' ^-"-'^; ^t a place ^^- own country, and forZh.W. r ^ """''^ ^''"•^' ^'« ^-^P^-d to fme the „.onaster, w^^i d . ""^'' ^^^^nMoch. At what ^eon abbot when L ZT^^'y ' Z '^st ''' ' T' '' ^'- l>ut he did not arrive until three dirl , '"''"'' "^ Clonrnacnois, :;- "e p^ici a visit to the h!;;:£: ?;^ rs -f ^^ ^-''^'-^ 'hen at Lsneach, in Meath. ' -^"'"W, Lonigal, ana Uainnech; ;.L: iittf: * II 112 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORT OF IRELAND. Ilav incr arranged the order and discipline of ]i rlnl,-.,.!. 1 ~ ^- ^ , — 1-""^- "' I'ls institution at Glen- th in n V . \ "^'^" P"^ '' '''' ^'^"^^' ^^-"^ - '-'« from ].e inonastcry and there, in a small place, beset with thick trees and refreshed by rivulets, he led the life of a hermit, four years, practicing he greatest austerities, until his monks ; .ovailed on hinx to retui. with ta to the monastery. When, far advanced in yeai., he intended to nde ake a long pumey, but he was dissuaded from it by Garhban, a hermit. IIis end approaching, he received the holy viaticum from St. Mochuorog, a Bnton, who had a coll to the east of Glendaloch. St Cc^emgen died on the 3d of June, A.D. 618. He is said to have lived 1-0 yeai-s. II.s monastery seems to have been founded about the year oi. n.ough It IS probable that St. Coemgen was not a bishop, Glen- daloch, soon after his death, became an episcopal see St. L.bba or Molibba is said to have been bishop of Glerdaloch, in the early part of the seventh century, and was pro1,abIv its first bishop L.I)ba was the son of Colman, and descended of the' Mes..ncorbs an ancent and powerful family in Leinster. His mother's name Ivas Coe fgerna, of the same fa.iily and sister to St. Kevin. St. Libba died on the Sth of January, but the year of his death is not recouled. St. Aldan, the son of Mannius, was of the Messincorl family- his mothers name was Briga, the daughter of Cobthaig, who was also of the same tr, be. He is expressly styled bi.shop of Glendaloch. He was ha.f brother to Hugh, the ..on of Amnirus or Amirach, king of Ireland x^eltller is the year of his birth or .loath recordtd. Ampadnn is mentiono5, but hi , l"^''"S-'"l'>o „f l„„„„,.. jniy, i..^: and J'^r^r.t .Cm'. :,.;r ;tT? •"- '■•■''"■■"'•"« -^ imoc. m, K„g]U}, p„|„,c „|„„i ' , , ''■ "' '"• '"n'l' 'I'M ia „„ '•■""in. Uavin* ™aln,„; ;"",,: "''""'"' "'"■""' "'• **«-'- l'.y "l.iol, ll„.y Leld ,|,oir |„,„|1 „ '','™ °" "'•■'""nt of ,l,c liil,., « ^— -^ out ]iiH «Ioction If4 ECCLESIASTICAI, HISTOEY OF rKEL.VIfD. iJ 11. had been declared null at Rome ; whereupon he was rce.ected, though not confirmed by tlie Pope until the year 1230, wlieu his patron, the Earl of Kent, incurred the king's displeasure and was cruelly pei-secuted and deserted hy all ids friends. The Archbishop Luke, mindful of the obliga- tions of gratitude, adhered to his interest and obtained by his persever- ance in his cause milder terms from the sovereign than were originally intended. In 1150 the archbishojxs, bishops and clergy of Ireland who were of Irish birth, had in a synod eiuicted a decree that no Englishnum born should be admitted a canon in any of tlieir churcheu. A remon- strance being forwarded to tlie pope, a bull was -directed to tliem in which tlicy were commanded to rescind the said decree Avithin a month. In 1258 a contest arose between the chapters of the two cathedrals con- cerning the election of tlu archbishops. Lidce strove to adjust the mat- ter by prescribing that the place of election should be only in the cliurch of the Holy Trinity, the dean and cluxpter of St. Patrick's by joint votes assisting in the election ; but the latter not content with this adjustment, tlio affair was brought before Innocent IV., as a special in- justice to the chapter of St. Patrick's. The pope empowered l)y bull dated the 20th of ]\r , , the bishop of Enily, the bishop and the dean of Limerick, to settle the controversy. About this time arose also the con- test with IJeyner, archi)ishop of Armagh, concerning the right of visit- ation. In the latter part of his life. Archbishop Luke suffered severely by a malady in his eyes, which brought ..i a total loss of siglit and cvcntu ally hasteneil his death in December, 1225. llo was buried in Ciirisl church, witli his predecessor, John Ciunyn. Fulk de Saiulford succeeded in 125(1. Both chajitera elected Ralph of Norwich, canon of St. Patrick's and treasurer of Ireland, but he was betrayed at Unno by liis agents, as Matthew Paris states : " He was a witty, i)lcasant conij nnion, and oiu> who loved good cheer." Ho wa-^, it seems, too secular and worldly to be consecrated. His election was therefore set aside, and Fulk de Sandford, archdeacon of .Middlesex and treasurer of St. Paid's, London, was by the pope's l)ull declared arcli- bisliop ct' l)id)lin. In 12(11 Fulk de Sandford took a journey to Rouio on business connected with his see, the iiiaiiagement of it dui'ing his al)- sence having been committed by the pope to tlie bi' .ps of l.ismoro and Waterford. On the Oth of May, 1271, Archbishop Fulk died in his nuinor of Finglass; liis body was cojiveycd to St. Patrick's church and deposited in tlie chapel of the Virgin Mary. John .„ • I . , , "" "I""'"™",'- eloctcl by the clinoter of q, 1 atiick s, and be n" oonfirmod l.,r »!.., i ■ i eiinpier ol bt. ch«.h of the iro,;^i::r n:;;:^ :;r r:rx ;•; r came to Ireland as vicar-gencral to h\. bro l.er n,l ^ " the baroness of Naas to The recton^ o M '^^^ ^^"""^"^^ ^^ in .;eat reputation f.r learning, 1,1 ' t^te^t T^"^ October, V2',H, Laving been sei.ed witb a ^rievon. d'XuL llf ,'" ;-■ r """ ™ '"- .- '^'^"u "n;::r:T :,. :,3 - "'"■■'"■ bassador at J{oine from Kin,, V} it, ^^"^'l.intl. As am- B.v„,, „!,„, ,„.;„! ' T, ':"„■; '" °''""'.°" '■'» ^'"■"- "■'* D.nl.m.,. „v„« boon «,„ „„„„„,„ „,. /,„,^,_, ,,,,^.,7;, ' ^ 7 "f no,!.;;',!':::;';'; ;r ::i!;;:;!r:,7;:' ;';•" -^ ".•« i-p-. «-i.o .- ^1 h' r H ! 116 ECCLESIASTICAL UISTOET OF IHELAND. of great spii-it, acute parts, and possessed of a singular dexterity in con- ciliating tlie favor of men." Richard de Ferings, who I ad been archdeacon of Canterbury during fifteen years before, succeeded in 1229, the king objecting to receive his fealty because of some clauses in the lettei-s provisional of the pope, which he considered prejudicial to the royal prerogative. Eichard ob- tained the temporals by renouncing any benefit therefrom. Immediately after his consecration, the prelate applied himself to compose the misundei-standing between the oathedrala of Christ church and St. PatrickV. The agreement w»i reduced to writing and fortified by the conimon seal of each chapter, with a penalty annexed. The heads of it are as follow : That the archbishoiw of Dublin should be consecrated and enthroned in Christ church. Tliat both churches should be called cathedral and metropolitan. Tliat Christ church, as the greater, the mother, and the elder, should have the precedence in all rights and concerns of the see and that the cross, mitre, and ring of every archbishop, wherever he died, should be deposited therein ; and lastly. That each church should have the alternate sepulture, as a right, of the bodies of the archbishops, unless otherwise directed by their wills. Iliiving thus, as he thought, composed the jealousies that existed between the cathedrals, the archbishop resided ibr tiie most ])art abroad, liaving constituted Thomas de Chadsworth his vicar general. Jlis ab- sence having operated injuriously to the aftLirs of his province, he at longih became seiisiblo of the .Icreliction of his duty, and on- his return from Home witli the object of retrieving the detriment, ho was seized with a sudden illness, of which ho died on the IStii of October 1306. ' John Leech succeeded to the hco in 1310 by the influence of King Edward 11., to wIhmu he was chai)lain and almoner. Havering, who was bishop elect, and confirmed without consecration, enjoyed the j)-of its of the see four years, and then voluntarily resigned. On tlie a])pli cation of John Leech, Pope Clement Y. issued his bull for founding an university for scholars in Dublin, but adesigii so creditable to the memo- ry of Leech, was frustrated by the revival of the contest concertiing tlie primafial right. Archbishop Leech was constituted lord treasurer of Ireland in tlio close of the year 1312, and died soon after, on the loth of August, 1313, and was buried in Westminster. In the meantime the usual dispute arose between the Cathedrals regarding the aiijjointment of a successor, one party di.'clarii!^ for Walter Thunihiiry, cliaunter of St. rutiiekV, and EWLESIASTICAL mSTOET OF lEELANn. Jj;. Chancellor Of Ireland ; the other for Alexander de Bioknor, the descend 1 eland Wake., on h.s election, embarked for France Avhere the dodo ^en held h. court, but on the night of his departure a storm area^d Walter with a hundred and fi%-six othei-s perished te,. . '" m" ^" ^'"^"'' '"'^ ' ^'"""^"y '' ^y^-^ -'th the king's let- po d S^ "' '^'••^"-P-^'- - ^^I'iHtual and tem- nZ .n ' -^ ^""^™-tion W.VS postponed, as the soverei-^ re- qnn d h,s personal services. At la«t John XXI. confirmed his apSinl bT'^^id T Tr' ^'"'^'^'^^ '"^ ^'^'^"^^ -- ---'-ted Av Cn by ^.cholas de Prato, cardinal of Ostia, on the 22d of July, 1317 He arrived m Dublin as archl.isliop and lord iustire of Ll "i t R»lit, fum „r t ,0 rav„g«, „„„,,e„, robbefM, and burning of clnTcbc . co,nm„^d by them ,b,™,,.,,„„. „,„ ,,,„g,,„n,. In ,320 h, f™ i d "' XXII. ,,„,,| I „„,,,,,„„ CBtabliBbod, but the deficiency of tbe Z down,o,, ,.™dc,od ,bc ,,„,icc. „bn,.,ive. Tl,c bcrcics of KiLnn, Jo 2 1 , , " ""'' "^ P™""""' f'™" l"-oso«..tion by do Bid.. • , ; r'"' '*"': '" 0""-y. "I" »•- '-I'tin confinc,„ont.cvc,«e™ d»J» by tl,c,o l,e,-cl,« „„„ld have appealed to Rome in snpporl of hi, px..ee„„„n. bn. ],„ „„„„, eon.idenU.le diflienl.y eve,, in X l^^ .6 b„lop „t o»„ry d,d, bowcver, pas, over to Krance, ,vl,ere l,o was dcamed ,y ,!,„ p„„,,r of King Edwar,!. In tbi, exile bo w^ o ed ^ zzziZ' """;;;"" """"" "- '^^^'"*""" "- "^•^■'-*" u op out, ,1 ,1,0 ,00 ,.l ()«,ry „„,i| |„, „,„ eon,,,olle,l by ,l,e none ,o J < ' lay o er b„ diocce of Dnblin, „ntil do Hieknor', je.,1,. In 341. Jo.en do Ibeknor and ti.e primate of Annagl,. On the 14th of Jnlv .™ yc,n., de „ic,„or die.l, having go^n.ed the ijtw t;t »el! ' '"'■' "^ '"'"' "»" '" '""" "•" '"f"'"" <" nny of hi, .;,:,! :r>!:"";:"-, ""■' '.""".'■'"""'" "- '"-""i'. -i- i--ecnt'd ,be,n. Jork an,l',.nn™ 'r v '""""'""-^ "f """nington in the ealbodral of »..rk, and canon of l„,k, ,„, ,,^ „,„ j,„,,„ ,_,,,._^^^,^ ,^ ,,^^ arebbi.h„p- 118 BCCLE8U8TICAL 1II8T0KY OF UtELAND. if^ nek on the 12th of September, 1350. De St. Paul was appointed chan- cellor of Ireland with a salary of £40 per annum, an office which he held six years. In 1351 the pope commissioned him to make inquiry regarding those who were accused of heresy and who fled into the dio- cese of Dublin, and to bring them to pimishraent according to the can- ons. He thereupon restored the jurisdiction of Dublin over the see of Ossory. Having sat in the see about thirteen years, he died on the 0th of September, 13G2, and was buried in Christ church. This prelate much .enlarged and beautified the church of the Holy Trinity, having built tl :• c'i'ir ut his own expense. Ti'.inas Minot, prebendary of Mullaghiddart, treasurer of Ireland, and also for a time escheator of the kingdom, succeeded by the pope's provision, and was consecrated on palm-Sunday in 1363. • In the year 1365 the controversy respecting the primatial right was renewed be- tween him and Miles Sweetraan, archbishop of Armagli. About the year 1370, Minot repaired part of St. Patrick's church, which had been destroyed by fire, and built the Ir ^li steeple of hewn stone. In June, 1385, he died in London, and the care of the temporals of the archbish- oprick was committed to the bishop of Meath. • Robert de Wikeford, archdeacon of Winchester, doctor of the civil and canon laws, and fellow of Merton College, was advanced by Pope Gregory IX. to (ho see on the 12th of October, 1375, and consecrated before the close of the year. In 1377 ho was appointed chancellor of Ireland; again in 1385 he was appointed chancellor. Ho obtained leave of absence in 1390 for one year to visit England, and in Uie inter- val died on the 20th of August, 1300. Robert Waldby, bishop of Ayro in Gascony, was translated to the Bee of Dubhn by the pope in November, 13!)1. In 1305 he was trans- ferred to the see of Chichester, vacant by the translation of Richard Metford to the see of Sarum, and again in 1300 was promoted to the archbishoprick of York. Richard Northall was promoted to the see in 1300 ; was a Carmelite fnar ; the son of a mayor of London, and was born near that city. His reputation for preaching, learning, and other acquirements, attracted the notice of the king, who procure consecrated in 1397. lie filled the office of lord chancellor of Ireland m that year and again in 1401. In 1416 on Lord Furnival's departure tor England, Tliomas was his deputy in the government of Ireland About the end of 1417 he went to England where he died at Faringdon' ful ot yeai-s and honoi-s, on the 25th of May of the sanie year. His body was conveyed to Oxford and interred iii New College, of which he had been the first warden. He was a prolate in high reputation for his wit and pen ; was liberal and fond of ahns-deeds ; an excellent preacher- a great b.nlder and iniprover of sucli places as fell under his care . Richard Talbot, precentor of Hereford, was consecrated archbishop of Dublui m the year 1417. Richard was descended of a noble family and w^ brother to the celebrated warrior, John Talbot, Lord Furnival. r Itfo T ^^'"'^ J"^''^^' and subsequently lord chancellor of Ireland In 1443 on the death of John Prene, he was elected archbi.hop of Ar- mo^, but on declining it, John Mey was promoted to the primatial Ricliard sat in the see almost thirty-two years, and all this time waa of he privycouncil of Ireland. Ho died on the loth of August, 1449 and was buried ,n St. Patrick's churcli before the stops of the altlr ' Michael Tregury, doc'or of divinity in the Univei-sity of Oxford and .ome time fellow of Exeter College there and chaplain to the'kinfr' was consecrated in St. Patrick's church, archbishop of Dublin in 1449 ' was at an earlier period of his life esteemed as a man of en,inence fo^ oarmng and wisdom. In 1451 above fifty pei^ons of liis diocese went to Rome to celebrate the jubilee then promulgated by Pope Nicholas V. 1 hoy who returned sale in 1453, brought thesa.ldening news that Constan- T/a T; ; "'" ?: l^" T'"'^"' ""^ ''" K"'Pcror Michael Palc«ologus slain. T1.0 Archbishop Michael was so alHictod at the news that he proclaimed a fast to be observed strictly throughout his diocese for throe successive finjs, nur Tir..,.5--* it i i» ^-i - aia... or :.,..h?,-ivMi, jibbot of OHiioy, near Oxford, was ad- m 120 ECCLESUSTICAL HISTOKY OF IRELAND. «-.th the pallium in 1472. In 1475, at tlie instance of the Dominicans and other regulars, Pope Sixtus IV. issued his bull, reciting the abun- dance of teachers but the deficiency of scholai-s in Ireland, and sanc- tionmg the establishment of an University in Dublin, for the study of arts and theology, and the conferring the usual degrees therein. In 1484, being blind and infirm, he voluntarily resigned the arch- bishopric, reserving to himself, as a maintenance during life, tlie manor of Swords. On his resignation, Gerald, earl of Kildare, then lord deputy, forcibly entered and took possession of tw.nty-four to^v•nland3 belonging to the see, and retained them to the time of his death; these may have been the lands which archbishops Talbot and Tre^niry alien tted In 1514 they were restored to the see, and in two yea,^ after- wards they were again forcibly seized by the house of Kildare Tn 1521 tlicy were again awarded to the archbishopric, of which undis- turbed possession has since remained in the see. In 1489, five years after his vacating the see, he again .^ oeared in the pulpit of the ca- thedral, and preached at St. Patrick's c.....oh, on the festival of the patron, belore the lord deputy and the nobles, o the admiration of his hearei-s. The precise time of his death is not kmwn. . Walter Fitzsimon succeeded, in 1484 ; was rfficial of the diocese oi Dub , bachelor of the civil and canon laws, a learned divine and plii losopher-precentor of St. Patrick's cliurch. On the 14th of June 1484, Pope Sixtus IV. appointed him to this see, and he wa. consecra' ted m St. latncks catliedral, in the September following In 1487 this prelate was one of those who espoused the cause of Lambert Sim- ?!L"w 7^''' ''"'° "''''""'^ ^"^ ^"' coronation in Christ churcli. In 1488, Walter was permitted to renew his allegiance and receive pardon through Sir Puchard Edgecomb. In 149G he was appointed chancellor of Ireland; m this year he held a provincial synod in the church of the iloly Innity, on which occasion an annual contribution for seven veara was settled^ by the clergy of the province to provide salaries for the lecturei-s of the University, in St. Patrick's cathedral. Friar Denis ^V hyte, in the year following, being old and infirm, surrender^ the see of Glendalocli, in the chapel-liouse of St. Patrick's, and ever since tho archbishops of Dublin have, without interruption, enjoyed that see. Jlav.ng filled tho see twenty-seven years, he died on the 14th of Mav 1.>11, at I.nglass, near Dublin, an.l his body was conveyed to St! latncks church, and there honorably interred in the nave. He is de- Bcnbed as a " prelate of great gravity and learning, and of a graceful appearance." " Willian, Rokeby was a native of England, doctor of canon law, and brother to Sir Kichard Rokeby, lord treasurer of freland. In im was ECCr^SIASTICAr. niSTOET OF lEELANa , 191 constituted lord chancellor of Ireland, and afterwards advanced to the ee of Meath, by Pope Julius II., in 1507, and was, on the 5th If fI brnary, 1511, translated to the arcl.-episco'pal see o Du ^„ l^i'^S he convened a provincial synod, enacted some useful regulations and n the same year confirmed the establishment of a colFe^e of 1,?.'' founded at Maynooth, by Gerald, earl of Kildare ' Archbishop Rokeby died on the 29th of .November, 1521, l^avin^ a few hours before his death, g,vcn to every one belong! g to 1 e pHorv of Chnst church, a piece of silver, in testimony ohlilell Zl .raye. According to the instructions of his wil( his body w" It Enghmd to be bur.ed in his new chapel of Sandal, a fabril of"i:^!i:: Hugh Inge doctor of divinity, succeeded him in his see of Meath .nd m the archbishopric in the vcir 1 noi it, i . ^*^*''^"^' "-^^ m Uxto d, A.D. UU; took his degrees there, and leaving it in 149,]' travelled iMto fore OT countries Tn I.->19 1,«, , "t, " m i4Jb, u'],;oi, 1,. ■, """"''^^- -^'^ ^-^12 he was made bishop of Meath Mh ch he governed ten yea... In 1521, he succeeded to the see l; Dubhn, and the year following obtained the temporals In 1527 ill const tu,ed,.„eellor of Ireland, and w. esteeLc as a m n o ^ proluty and justice. He presided six years, and died in Dublin on tie 3d of August, 1528, and was buried in St. Patrick's church John Allen, doctor of laws and treasurer of St Paul's J nnrUr. oe^>, and „•.« oo,.ec.,.„.„, i„ C.,,.. .,„„.,„„„«: 3 ff 11 leges at Oxford and Ii,„v,cli,-a project, wliich the bishop of Hereford obsorvod, bronghl, liko ,h„ g.M of Tbolouse, either destruc- or !' d™ c„ „„,ity on a„ „•,,„ touched it. Two ol' ,l,e I etrf l... Z," . ""a , raZr :,"' T°' T''' '""'''• » "■"^ <"^^^^ mo a lieu, a lonrth, tlioiigh a noli man, hecanio a beguar Wolarv lo.t .e k.„g.. fav,., and died n.iserahly ; the ,-ope, wl.o ga e I li to the d,s» n„on, .aw Kon.e take,, and plnn'deJed bj. it ilo a uZ ;.n»e . and canbnal, prisoner,, and beoo.ne the sport and ,„ock ' 7' l^en.K.ns nn,l,.„,de, and John Allen, intercepted' on his wa;t^^ L n,l, to av,„d tb„ conso,nences of a rebellion which Lord 1t1 l...ger„ld had excited, wa, hrutall, nn.rtered in th "e of C H2:"r:,.^.r "■"" "'■""''"""^ -" "-■"- «- ""^-' iliigh Ourwen. chospn under Onrm If.-r ' i« ^ . cIuiDtcr of ri„.;«/ I 1 , "^^ ^""^^^^ *'"* ''''« car-general in his absence. As one of the membe. for 1011^ tl « Archbishop Fleming, sat in the council, and on the 20th of J^i^ ogether with the archbisl^op of Tuam, the Jy two amon. the pre lates who d.d so, authorized Nicholas Viscount GLanstown,"s r Jc- s Ddlon, S,r Robert .Talbot, and othei., to treat with the Marc^is of ot -ond, who was obliged to temporise, for the cessation of arm /„ Z ensn.ng month, father Peter Scarampa, an Oratorian, and a m n of c o^ summate prudence and learning, arrived with supples of monev and r:r7 T;'''T ^^^ '^ ^^^^^^^^^^ supreme^Utiff Ur^Ym to .horn the celebrated Luke Wadding made known the .suflerinis of th_ Irish Catholics, and their efforts to preserve themselves andlel fa.th from^^tter extinction. In 1644, the archbishop of Du "lin w 4 ar t:: ™l tr t ^' "^r '■^^' ''''' ^^-^^^ -^^^^^-^^ «'-'^ t! rRoTan C hoi f'T'T '"■ ''' '^'"^^ ^"' ^"^ >'^'— ^"^ --"tain ciees or tne supreme council. Father Sc™mi,a remained to the di,,el,ari;e of his commiasioti «f J..n.e„n,. „„t,l November, ,645, when John Lptis. RinTel arch ot'ir;:::;: °''^™°' -"-' "- "■» -""-- »' -"-"» - In the year 1W8, Edn.ond O'Reill, wa, removed from the station of v,car-goneral, a, it appear l,c had neither prudenee or ,W1 tv to , ^, and the lie. Uwrenoe Arehhoid L I oild ^ .^ ttd" a oeese and a ast ho rank ,nto the grave in the midst of tho=e pene cZv T -7 " ;'"" '''°""^'"' "8"""- »<• «- l—'to. iL'e I v,ataolic laitv mto the coiinfrv ti,« • ^ i >^ " "luvt. uie ij iuio uie country. iJie priests and monks rpii-poIv Hn..^ *ep even in the ho,., of their own pcop.e-thcir li o w^ tarrt ," warfa -e « a martyrdom-they breathed as by stealth »mo„! tl'ohili nd the wood,, and freqnently to the aby. „f\„p, „, maX ., life Ye?t r '",•"•"'' "'° *"'""' »' ^»'"«"" -J *e^"°at creed of tl.e,r faehere, Iramed through the nwuntains and woods, ex- ECCI.ESTA8TICAL TUgTORT OF lEELAND. 125 s!::;^ trn: cw" ^^^'' "^^ -- -^ ^-^^ p— ^ «- It became aln.o.t impossible that the Catholic hierarchy of Ireland could be l.ei,t up in its integ^-ity. At the close of the year 1660 fere were but three prelates of the Catholic church in the kin Tm tl e ar hb,shop o Annagh, the bishops of Meath and Kilmore. "^ s"ee ^ an^ It/'rr '' ''r'''-- -- P^-d -der the jurisdiln Kildare '^ ""^"^' ""' "P^^^^^''^ ^"^ ^«P>t»lar of Peter Talbot succeeded in 1669. Peter was the son of Sir William citatod call of Tyrconn 11 and afterwards ennob] ^ with the title of ; tte -nTre'^'"^ ''T f ^ '''' ''''■ ^^^^ ^ ^^•^«' ^^^ -^^ew ot entenng the e. :„ast.cal state, he repaired to Portugal there became a Jesmt m .., , and afterwards to Eome, where he completed ns stu,hc, and was .vanitt.! to holy orders. From Rome heZln J to Portugal and afterwards removed to Antwerp, where he lectu d on moral theology, and published a treatise on he nature orfaTt'l heres,^the nullity of the Protestant church and its^tr. n • s .p posed o be the pe..on who received, in 1656, Charles tte Secon fo .he Calhohc religion, while he was at Colo-.e,n ,t was ena,.ted an.on.. other things, that ev-.-v i>arish priest .ho Id under pa,n of suspension, on the Lord's-day explain some point 1 gospel"'"" ■'"' " "'" ' '^''"" '^'""'""" '' "'" '-'1''" "'^- J)..ring the residence of King James in tho Irish mofropoll«, Arch, bishop U,,.,, ,„„,,,, ,,, ,,i^,,,^,,„^ ..f porfcnning the boly'rifo of U e Cat o c c ureb in the royal presence. The last rite whie be celeb r^ d before the kmg, was ,be consecration of the Ik-nedicine nunner b. Cluumelrow. On the overthrow of the Stuart dynos.y be fled to i'^r^ ECCLESIASTICAL niSTOUY OF ICELAND. 137 wne.ce he returned to close his days in the land of his lal,. „. At the lose o tae year 1G02 he went the way of all flesh, and wa bx.rtedt the ancient church of Lusk, > "• " «U8 oiirieU m Peter Crcagh succeeded in 1693 ; was bishop of Cork for several yeai-s previous to 16S6. It is nrob-iI)lp fl.n^ l.. V ,1.0 1 /' . 1 """'^'^^^ "'«it Jie was a relative of Sir Mi flight ot James and the surrender of Limerick P^Z loft fl Biirmj tlie iiicimibwicv of Peter tlip Bml,™ „f rekindled • tl„. „,]„ .• / • embers of iwrsociilion were KK Idled the edueat,o„, fore,.,, or d„,„e,„ie, of Catholic. ,„„ ,„.„l,ib. .W : >e„al e„act„,e„t, saeeeeded ia 161,7. All p„,,i,h ,„olat« iel c,c,.ed eecle„as,,c.al j^,,irf;e,i„,, i,, ,,,la,,d, were ordered W,; JC lm,„c.it to dei,art fro. ll,e kiagdon, hefore the ut of Mav irS , caae of return, were .al.jeeted to i».,.ri»„,,,,,e,,t ,«,t Z,, .or H. „„ ™ fo,c.,g,, ,,ar„, whenee if U.e, re,„r„ej, .|,o, were liahle W , LJ « t,.a,t™. , „„d ,t wa. „,o,-eovor enaetcd, that „o„e should ho 1, >,„ a,,, „,„„a.tor,, .U.hoj, or co„ve„, „„t „»d ,y-nii.;h year of his age, and was burie.I in St. Michan's churchyard, Dublin, lie was not a ]MvIate gitk'd with any remarkably sj.lemlid talents ; they were more distinguished for sound jiidgnient, strung meim.ry, uud diligent research. John Thomas Troy succeeded, in 178«{ ; was bor:» near Portoi-stown, in tlie counly of Dublin. At the early age of lllk.eu he went to Ronio to p studi ies ; tlivrc Ojisumcd tlio Doiuiuieaii habit, uud U ECCLESIASTICAL HlSTORr OF lEELAND. vain, «„ .. „, „„.,r„t ; ;;: isx-'Sxttrar two mitred abbots On „rivi„g ta u, diocese oto!! T ^ tl.0 e..clc.iastical coaferccc of tL clor-v ha " 1 f ■^' ' '""''"'^ coiiti.uied. I„Ja„u„,, ,7j„ . , "V: """ »«™ from neceajilv dis- ««."».t all those who we« eo-a^cd "r^!T ., r° •>■ P""«'"°«<' of hi, diocese I„ , -^7 i ■°°, '""^' "™'"e'' »» "»« endangered, as a In 17!I5, was founded .he roval eollem, r.f nr ., .nlende'>■ mm,,yo to give «,eomra„. an,o„n,ed U.f«, ' l,^: "'";'':"'■" '■■■»";;.»..'-...•". heretofore «•"• "".> .1.0 addi,;;::;;,, 'o;';'',;r' :":;;' '■" r ""•™'° ".-c.i.y r.-e,iti ■; ' „ „rr af'';' ;. ■ "■"" •"« -"»=-. nunuKT «ncr.tv I H "• 1 ' ";"'" "^ "" ^^-^i'^'"- ^^ ^'^^'.000, in a Ik..;..... 1. ..,;, , ,':' '"V "' r'"""' ^••'"•^^'^' "f ^''« IriBh cln.r..I,. fii 133 ECCLESIA8TICAI- HISTORY OF IRELAND. wise economy, and by a desire also to add to the comforts of the stu- dents, was enabled to erect the structures that are set apart for the junior students. At the period that this important concession was made to the Catlio* lies of Ireland, intercourse with the Continent was suspended, and con. sequently the means of education were beyond the r^ach of the students who were intended lor the service of tlie Catholic Church. The gov- ernment wisely resolved to provide them a suitable education, as it was debarred them abroad, and as its deprivation was a proscription beyond man's endurance, and one to which no people should submit. It is then to the liberality of an Irish parliament, consisting as it did, exclusively of Protestants and to its judgment, the native talent of Ireland is no longer obliged to search for education in the land of the foreigner. Per- haps, too, the fear of imbibing revolutionary ideas on the Continent, operated powerfully on the Irish senate, as they could not but under- stand the unwise policy of having the priesthood of Ireland educated in countries which cherished interests, passions and prejudices directly hostile to the goverament under which they wero to live, and of having them return home with feelings of gratitude to those people who had offered them an asylum, and avei-se to those who had at homo proscribed their education. TIio college of Maynooth can vie with any similar establishment of Europe in piety, discipline, and talent. In 1814, a contest arose between Doctor Troy and the grand jury of the city of Dublin, relative to the Catholic cluiplaincy of the jail of Xevvgate ; the grand jury liaving appointed one. Doctor Troy, on the plea of incompetence suspended hiui ; the former appealed to the court of kmg's bench, but were informed that if the pei-son they selected was not to be found at his post, they must proceed to nominate another, and to continue until the office was substantiallv tilled. Tlio grand jury, however, adopted a different coui-ao, and sent un order to the prison' that no Catholic clergyman should be admitted, except him whom Doctor Troy had suspended ; a disgraceful and protracted strife ensued, and under the protection of an old penal enactment, the jurors continued ^ maintam a clergyman in an office of importance, who waa disquali- lied by his Icgitunate superior. In April, 1815, Archbishop Troy laid the foundation stone of his metropolitan church, but he lived not to witness its completion. He departed this life on the 11th of May, ISS.^ in the 84th year of his ago, and was buried in the vaults of the temple he was founding. Doctor Troy was a truly learned and zealous pastor— attached to the glory of God uud \m ohurrb, and to the honor of tljc holy see ; soiiciluu. of, and ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0ET OF IRELAND. ' jgo lum with coniidenco and Xta! ° '''°°''° ~"'<' W™°'' Daniel Murray succeeded I'n i aoo . i. J708, at Slteepwai, i„ tW ' I, 'f i!" '"'"T ""> »«* »' April, At tl,e age of rixte™ ve!^ L ™ ""'' ""'""y "^ "^i^'do,.. for some yoa«T„d „?| rr ? T '" «»'''""'"™. "'«« l- «'.l , , r''^- I''' ''««'«"= ""ached ,„ St. ^arf, l™. the latter prefrr^eathX If "^^^ capi,.., i„ ti.,ear,.,,„:;°;r :]'';::;t:r^;" '"^ '™"" the .or,.„.r to the f„„i,„„e„t of „„ ,^, Z^^^X it"; ;„""">' iy than in Ins eennoiis or exliorf'ifion« • fl.„ ■ -i . , Eloquent- ft8 notlnng can oxen.pt from it : not labor or fati.n.o n.,r LJZ ' the chnreh »,„1 the .,«„' r:,'::!"""..":" ''"l;'""""' ""' "'"• "'«' »' tain It wlien if cf>n!?l b jtHto ; laI,or for tbo.n in ^ood „,.d evil report to ob- "»c Uitiiout H ci.inpromiMo of tl or of that .alutao^ .iiHciplino wl.ich .urronnds and iH'ir precious faitli protects it as t! 10 184 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOKT OF IRELAND. walls and ramparts do the city. Turn away from them every insidion.^ wile of the deceiver, and while studying to have peace with all men, for- get not that you are the watchmen on the towers of the city of God to detect the ambuscades of her enemies. Engrave on the tender heart of the little ones the obedience they owe to God, their parents, their prince, and to all in authority over them ; to inspire them with a horror of vice and a love of virtue. Your door is the first at which the cry of distress or of misery is first lieard. Let the poor find in you the sympathy of a father, the bowels of tenderness and of compassion. Eemember, says this instruction, that an ecclesiastic, whether in the sanctuary, or dwelling in the world, should appear a man of superior mind and of exalted virtue ; a man whose example can improve society, whose manners, iirepronchable, can reflect honor on the church and add to the glory and splendor of religion ; a man whose modesty should be apparent to all, as the apostle recommends, and who should be clothed with justice as the prophet exjjresses it. What Dr. Murray inculcated he did not forget to practice in his own life ; hfc stood forth as a tower of strength to his faith when it was as- sailed by the insidious machinations of the British government. Tlie venerable head of the Catholic church, Pius VII., having been a captive in the French capital, Monsignor Quarantoti, vice-prefect ol the propaganda at Rome, charged in his absence with the care of the sacred missions, and furnished with all pontifical powers for that ] r- pose, through the means of Dr. Poynter, vicar-apostolic of the London district, and Mac Phersoii, then rector of the Sec i college at Rome, consented to take a prominent part in the plot of the vetoistical arrange- ment, by which the appointment of the Catholic hierarchy of Ireland would be vested in the sovereign of England, and the sovereign also ol another creed. Quarantoti, then in age and weak-minded, caused an in Btrument in favor of this odious measure to be executed at Rome and had it forwarded to the vicar-apostolic of London, to be by him communi- cated to all the bishops and vicars-ai^ostolic of the British emi)ire. In 1810 the Irish prelates passed a merited vote of thanks to the Right Reverend Doctor Milner, vicar-apostolic of the Midland district of England, for liis uniform and uncompromising firmness in resist- ing the hated question of the veto, and then entered their solemn protest against the reception of official documents coming from Rome, until the supreme pastor of the Christian fold would bo restored to the full exorcise of his liberty. Whatever may have been the motives that prompted the authors of the rescript, wheth- er of involving the hierarchy in new troubles or causing discon tent and confusioa throughout the kiugdoiu ; if buoL was the result EC0LESU8TICAL HISTOBT OP IRELAND. ^35 on ^'hich they ,c.alculated, the experience of a few months sufficiently attested tlie succass of their expectations. The rescript of Quarantoti, immediately on its publication in May 1814, was received by the Catholics of Ireland, lay and clerical, with leelmgs of marked contempt and unmitigated abhorrence. Tlirou<.h every diocese of Ireland it was reprobated ; the archdiocese of Dublin was the first to give expression to its indignation, and at a public meet- ing m Endge-street chapel on the 12th of May, 1814, Dr Blake P P of SS. Michael's and John's, presiding, the rescript was declared "non obligatory;" not only inexpedient, but highly detrimental to the dearest niterests of religion, and in fine, tliey called on the Catholic clergy and people of Ireland to unite with tliem in an earnest entreaty that the pre- lates would remonstrate against this document and lay before the fatlier of the faithful now reinstated, the evils that would inevitably arise from Its adoption. See Appcnrilx the 5ih. „ ^^'!'^ TT'''^ '^ '''" ^'"■'^"''^ ''^'''^' ''^' ^«^^«»« "o ^ Fontana, whom Pius VII. on his departure from Rome brought with him, as Ins private theologian, and Consalvi, then secretary of state were the media by which the rescript was passed into the hands of the British mmister. The letter itself was penned and executed by Fontana but was obtained from the Pontiff at the request and pei.uasive suggest tions of Cardinal Consalvi. It was also a time of danger and of termor when the agency of those individuals was made available by the English cabinet in exerting their extensive influence over the mind of their gen erous, but unsuspecting master. Cardinal Consalvi, born of an ancient family, originally of Urbino. entered when young, into the diocesan seminary of Frascati. Henry cardinal duke of York, and brotlier to Charles Edward Stuart, was then ..mhop of that see. Consalvi in deacon's orders, secured the patronage of the cardmal duke, and soon after obtained the prelate's cloak, and became auditor of tlie rota, or judge, in the court of civil appeal. The father of the faithful, Pius VI., a prisoner in France in 1798, the cardi- nals were dispersed by the immediate orders of the French Directory \Jt\ tins nonnai/i.i r',^.,e.,l.-; e more assumed the exer- cise of his former functions as miTu'ster or secretary of state. It is sup- posed that Consalvi having visited London received there elcmcntaiy lectures on vetoism, and that on his arrival at the Congress of Vienna, he applied to Rome for full powers to settle the point of the veto defin- itively with Lord Castlereagh, the British minister. The delegates of the Irish prelates were now at Rome and rendered the authorities there more wary than the Vice-Prefect Quarantoti, and to the application for definitive powers, Consalvi was instructed to confer merely with the British plenipotcntiaiy, referring to the pontifi' himself any definitive arrangement. His reception at Rome was most flattering. Ho was considered as the liberator of the pontifical states, and in the allocution of the pope before a full consistory of cardinals on the Uth of Septem- ECCLK8IA8TICA1 HISTOET OF lEELAifD. iq>t ber 1S15, Consalvi is emphatically styled "the most meritorious sou that had ever served the holy see." On his retu™ to Rome he assumed the various functions of his office and constituted a new tribunal to which he gave the general title of "a congregation of ecclesiastical affairs," and it was established with the avowed purpose of guiding the secretary of state in those affairs of re- bgion upon which he might have communications from the ambassadors 01 loreign powers Such had been the elevated position of tliis clever statesman, when the destinies of Europe were once more in the balance by tlie escape of JSapoleon from the Lie of Elba. of a Biitish fleet, and from this city was issued a document connected with the question of the veto, dated the 26th of April, 1815, and ad- dressed under the^signature of Cardinal Litta, prefec of the Propa- gan a, to Doctoi. Poynter, of London, Milner, of the midland distrLTof datory, but of a permissive character, and even that expressed under certain conditions, created an unusual ferment througlj the countrl It^uT TT'. '' ^'''''"'^ '^^"^' P^^f^^* «^ the Propagandi It should be remarked, that he had declared against this letter-that he counselled Its non-execution_and that against his own decided opinion be aflixed his signature. See Aj>pendlx the Gt/i. Id the midst of uproar and confusion which pervaded the masses ol he people, a report being spread that the pope had been deceived into ome concessions favorable to the views of the British cabinet, the Ca- st and H "'^i^"^^^^^^^^^ '' ^^•^""' ^" t^- ^^d «^ Angus , Jul ;n?V'^ A "''""' P^"""'^ '^''"'''^''' '^'' ^»*r«PJd and ftith! ful gua dians of their religion. Tlie least interference, direct or indi- rect, in the appomtment of bishops for the Catholic church in Ireland was pronounced "to be essentially injurious and eventually destnictive to the Roman Catholic religion in this country," and decLing them! elves bound, by all canonical and constitutional means in their power to dem-ecate and opjjose it. ^ ^ The decisive reprobation of this odious question enkindled the enthu- siasm ot the people and the clergy, who received it with applaisot d encomiums ; and following up their declaration with effect, an episcopll dc,n.ation, composed of two bishops. Doctor Murray, ' coad^'o Dubhn, and Doctor Murphy, of Cork, with the Very Rev Doctor lilaki arclu eacon of Duolin, were directed to proceed to Rome, with a re monstrance. While the prelates, bv thoir fpirlo"- rA-- •^— .-^ « -i v i j nf fbA ^«f„ • ■ 1 ' , ^^f^riQ^ re=i=.aiii;e to iho hated question of the veto, smcerely espoused the cause of the Irish church and its in- — ^.^u^ m ECCLESIASTICAL niSTORY OF XEELAND. dependence, the Catholics held an aggregate meeting in Clarendon-street chapel, Dublin, Sir Tlionias Esmonde, bart., presiding. Tlie laity, on this occasion renew tlieir expression of esteem and gratitude to their hierarchy, for the manly and energetic manner in which they de- nounced any measure, whereby control in the nomination of the Irish bishops would be vested in the crown of England. It was also deemed prudent, as the prelates had fonnec^ an episcopal deputation, now pre- pared to set out for the eternal city, to adopt a similar mode ./proceed- ing. It consisted of Sir Tliomas Esmonde, bart., Owen O'Connor, esq., and the Rev. Richard TTayes, a man of tried integrity, and who n'as in- timately acquainted with the customs and language of the Roman court, acting as their secretary. In the fourteenth year of his age this disinterested and patriotic man repaired to Rome, filled as he was, with ardor, to embrace the ecclesiastical stale, and having there attached himself to the college of St. Isidore, he made his solemn profession in the chi-rch of that convent, as a member of the Franciscan institute. Having devoted eight year^ to the study of the sacred Scriptures, of church history and c^non law, he resolved to return to his native country, and accordingly in August^ 1811, he undertook his journey homewards, which must have been at the time extremely hazardous. Father Hayes was in Cork, attached to his convent, when he re- ceived a letter from Mr. Hay, inclosing the resolutions of the aggret^ate meeting. Tlie invitation, though flattering, was one of danger'^and ot difficulty, and one also imperilling his health ; still full of zeal for his country and her religion, he responded to the call, and in two days atler arrived in Dublin. In the interim, the lay delegates having declined thejourneytoRome, Daniel O'Connell read to the association, from . .T Thomas Esmonde, a letter, proposing Doctor Dromgoole, then in Italy, as a substitute. Tlie jnoposal being unapproved, the plan of a deputation was nigli abandoned ; but the danger of the veto becomin-. more serious and alarming, the remonstrance to his holiness was drawn up, approved, and ])]accd in the hands of Fatlier Hayes, thereby con- stituting him the authorized delegate of the Irish Catholics to the holy see. Without delay he set out on his journey, observing to his friends that difficulties and dangers he set at defiance, for, said he, « while Ire- land hates the veto she will support me, despite of all intrigue if I serve her with integrity." At London he obtained a passport froni the French ambassador, and after some delav in France which was then occupio ' hy foreign troops, and a journey ,-,f five weeks, he arrived at Rome t.t'o days after the episcopal deputies. The task imposed on the doputies requirua firmness in its execution, ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOBT OF IBEIAND. 189 and a devotedness to the cause of creed and country. A faction in Ro.ne both Irish and English, who .ould fetter the Lh chtciran^ hand .t over m manacles to the British government, had, by their in- tnge and misrepresentation, poisoned the public mind, and produced on the cardmals impressions unfavorable to the ca..e o; the delega^ Calummes were cremated by emissaries and intermeddle., in ecclesia^: tical affan., while the machinery of diplomatic intrigue was artfully kept together by the British cabinet. Furious paragraphs from 2 Lush press .luch advocated the veto, .ere forwarded to'^ome, alii ng «.edelega.onandVemonstranceof th^ d-"bing it as th! work of a junta, both turbulent and hot-headed, in Dublin. However as he assertion was unauthonticated, it was overthrown by the weigh of the genuine documents, which the delegate of the Catholics produced. In the Propaganda it was discredited by the cardinal prefect, and Con- s«lvi, secretary of state, was constrained to admit the credentials the remonstrance of the Irish people, and the authority of their reprosJntl! Tlie episcopal deputies, immediately on their an-ival in Kome deemed It advisable to have an interview with his eminence Cardinai Consalvi ; by him they were received with pocr.liar marks of attei tion, tain^'ll '^'?:^P^''''"^^ «'« object of their mi-vion, and soon after ob^ tamed their introductory audience with his holiness. In this, the first interview, tlie resolutions and remonstrance were submitted to the su- prome Pontiff, and ve, by him directed to refer them for further con- sideration to the minister of state, being h.„, detached from :iie cognizance of the Propaganda, and placed in the hcuds of Consalvi On the 9th of November, 1815, Fat. or Hayes, through the agency of Cardinai Litta, prefect of the propaganda, and the general tf IiL order, was admitted to his fii-st intervie^v with the sovereign pontiff ' Conceiving that the Propaganda was the regular and le,.itimate ti.bunal for the investigation of an eceleshistical cause. Father Hayes was determined not to allow the documents with which he was entrust- ed, to pass into any other channel. His holiness was, \owever, pleased to assure him, that the question should be referred to .. congregation of cardinals ; that the prefect of Propaganda should bo consulted, and that his own care and inspection should not be wanting, and accordingly the papei. ot the lay deputation were referred to the cardinal secretary of For some time tho remonstrances of the bishops and Catholics of Ireland lay m the hanl, of the secretary, without any steps being taken to bring the matter to a discussion, but at l«n ^-op .li-.-ed '- ' •• to the tribunal of « ecclesiastical affaire"; though this tribunal wi«' much m 140 EC!CLESIA8TICAL HISTOEY OF lEELAND. tt' 1 la i"ri3r If r Bwayed by the influence of Consalvi, yet the delegates had confidence, and anticii^uted success, particularly as men of eiscvetion and experi- ence were ro pronounce on this important question. But their hopes of having an immediate decision were marred, as Cardinal Litta was in a few day after sent to Milan, as ambassador extraordinary, on a gratula- tory deputation to the emperor of Austria ; but before his departure he caused explanatory letters to ba addressed to Archbishop Troy of Dub- lin, and to Doctors Poynter and Milner, on the nature and tendency of the document, which M-as issued from Genoa. In the absence of the amiable Cardinal Litta, were found motives of procrastination by Consalvi, secretary of state, with whom were had several conferences, but nothing definitive was attempted. With Fon- tana, the secretary of the tribunal of " ecclesiastical affairs," and the vice prefect, similar efforts were unsuccessful, and the delegates at length resolved on removing the cause of the Irish church to the tribu- nal of the Propaganda, and submitting it to the cognizance of its pre- fect, who was the protector and guardian of her rights. Accordingly Father Hayes, on the 22d of December, obtained an audience with the Pontiff, presenting, on this occasion, a memorial, entreating the removal of the discussion to the Propaganda, and also protesting against the in- terference of state functionaries in a question of a religious nature. His interview -terminated with directions to hold over those papeiu until the return of Cardinal Litta from Milan, to which Father Hayes respectfully Bubmitted, leaving, at the same time, the memorial and the protect against Consalvi, in the hands of his holiness. The episcopal delegates had about the same time their second audi- dience with the holy father. More than three months had elapsed, and no progress whatever had been nuule towai..j u decision, nay, even the project of submitting it to the tribunal of " ecclesiastical affaire" had been apparently aban.ioned. Still intoiit on leaving nothing untried, tlie delegates applied to Canlinal I)..ria, vice-prefect of the Propaganda,' a functionary, who altogether declined interfering, but he recomnu-mled the api.licants to await the return of Cardinal Litta, and pron'ising them his su])p()rt. The episcopal de]uities, on the 5th of .Tanunrv, 181fi, demanded their passports, an.l prepared to return to Ireland." On the following day their h)r(lship8 received from the cardinal secretary of stat*^ an ..Hi- oial instrument, as is supposed, drawn up by Monsignor Masio, the pri- vate secretary of Latin Uu^r. to his holiness; it proved to l.o a dir.-ct justifi.^ation of tho (Genoese production, instead of revkiug it, as the delegates insisted, and it contained some unmerited reimuks on the ge- norui proceodingH .f the cpiscor-al bodj- in Irdand. The prelates, on KCCLESIA8TICAL IIISTOET OF lEELAND. 141 the 8th Of January, returned tlie letter to the minister of state-had ]ie.r final audjcuco of his holiness-repeated their objections to the let terot Lonsalvi, and took their leave. In a third interview with his holiness, Father Hayes enlarged fully on the beanng of the subject. The pontiff seemed deeply affected anJ alarmed, lest the Catholics of Ireland might be subjected once more to persecution. " Holy father," .aid the delegate, "we dread not perse- cution, but we dread your holiness' sanction of a measure which we must resist .03 we would thereby be deprived of the sympathies of the holy see, which have ever consoled us under tlie fierce trials we Lave endured, for our attachment to the centre of unity » On the mind of the pontiff, these and other observations made a deep impression, and t' delegate wa« assured that his business should be reconsidered. Tlie . ope, on his part, had no objection to the mea- sure, as he ^v.shed not to preserve any real or apparent influence in Ire- land-that might give umbrage to any party. And Cardinal Litta, who at this tuno returned from Milan, and who frequently signified thai the congregation of Propaganda entertained no views whatever of patron- age, and sought only tl:e advancement of merit resting on proper re- oomme.Klations with regard to the candidates who would bo put in no- "nnation, tlio.igl, unwilling as he- was to enter on the immediate discussion of the subject, was satisfied to patronise the measure ; and a. Cardinal Con.alvi ba.l fbrwarde.l the letter already alluded to, and which the episcopal delegates returned, he doci.led on leaving the „ues- t.on untouched until its recej-tion witli the Irish prelates wouhl be known ; m the meantime arrived a letter frou. Doctor Coppi„ger, blsl.op of C oyne, in winch was given to the cause of the veto a deadly stroke ami by the special direction of his holiness was placed in the hands of Cardinal Litta. _ Though the cause of vetoisni was tottering at Rn.ne, y,t its advocates Jn Ireland left no nrtiHco untried to prop up its feeble nui<.|,inerv Their meetings were generally held in Kccles-stroet, and in -.ier tJ obtain a lavorablo recepti,.., tWr their resoh.ti<,ns with the publ. J.ey were dulv Heaso-R..! with becoming ol,e.lien<-e and resjurl f-.r the holy see On Good Friday, ISK), Dr. Murray completed the overthrow of vo- toism in 1.18 discourse on the Passion of our Kedeen.er. I lavin- arrived ut that stage of his mifferings where he \n represented as bo.uuAo a pil- lar,h.s grace observed: "Totbis bound «n.l nuffering victim, I would i>nw implore the attention of those mi.gui.l.Ml Catholics who seem will Jng to impose new and disgraceful ban.ls ; not indee.l on his sacre.i per- Hon, but on Ijia ipviifi.."! ho'lv tU-t !- hi- m , » • • s . ~ -H- -"'-» !''^-!) i tlint 13, iU3 Chunrn, wiiieh was over more dear to huu than his personal liberty ; more dear to him than even hi. 142 ECCLESIASTICAL IIISTOEY OF lEELANU. IM S) III e delho n u"' 7 ^'^^''- "• ''' "'-') ''''' ^-- ^'"^ -3'stical bod, VI l,ou ble,m«h ? And could we suppose that it would be more painful to Inm to submit h.s sacred hands to the ignominious cords than to see ins church bound and fettered by restrictions which would render it less capa le of fultillin, the object for which it was formed ; the object for br t in' ^"T; ""' ""' ^'""""^ ^''^' ^ ^"^^^ ^'"^^ -- '"-taken biethie^n would no consent to yield any point which they deem essen- tial, and hat they look not beyond ^vhat they consider safe and honora- ble conc.hafon. But unhappily, it is now too well known that the con- cdiation wluch .s expected, is such as would imply the degradation and cnslavenient of the sacred ministry. And what vi'rtuous Catholic wo consent to purchase the chance of temporal advantages at the price of ch a real spiritual cahunity ? Oh, if the stroke m^st con.e, let it be ftom those who have so long sought the extinction of our reli.^ion • but "; the name of God, let no Catholic press forward to share in tiri'n!;:' nous work ; let no one an,ong us be fouiul to say of his church as "the treacherous d,sc,ple said of its divine founder, MVhat will you give n.o and I will deliver him (it) to you?'" «'vc mo Having depicted the sufferings of his country before the pontiff and .av.ng on bended knees in.plored protection for her invaded rights Dan.el Murray by h.s stunning appeal di.condite.l the wiles of he: e.iel nues and by this heroic blow prostrated the strength of vetoisn., and .I.att red ,ts hopes i.rever ; and to prove and to gi>o the widest po sible -■culat-on to lus word, and to ren.ove ever, -loubt or nu'stake relanlit -rnu-aumg, he hnnself hastene.l to fur,, i. the journals of d.e cit? Mith an authentic report of the sentiments he had uttered m. civ.:!! m''' '"'T' '''" ^'"^-'''''""'''^ •"^'"''"'•« -»• f^athulio enmncipation h ''';;'';f /7"[' '"'^l "'-« -•"^•iH.ul bloody enactn.ents against u^ Konum ( a h.,I,.. nn,h which intolerance, p, .pted l^ rapine and spo- . on. devsed n the days of Qu..n Kli.aheth, were utterlv abolished. In the national enthusuisn, which was evoked l.y Ihe cause ;.f religiou. toleration under the auspic-es of the Catholic AsK.ci.tion soon after its <"";'.''"""": "' f'H" vear lS2.S,the lofty and comnum.ling position of seven -.1 ons of Cathoh-e Irishmen became irresis.ii.le; thc'Lvid a,:^ "w- orlul appeals ol >:s hadei-s reached the most distant ,pnirt,.|^ of Kuropc- they were walh.l across the mighty Atlantic, and were reechoed fro,.; the free shores o, A,„erlca ; rhe national enthusiasm con.hi.u.d in i„ t»vo. ; w<.al.h and indm.m.e stan.ped Importance on its proceedings: el- oc.uence and talent were ar,„ved in its cause, and the basis on which tl.o COUHO of tolermioa re-ted .■ - ' ' • ., "'"^"t"o ii-.-Lta, ...,^ j,.„ siivi,ju mm iimnutable iii-ineij)lo of mcLEsusTioAL msTOKr OF nonAM). 143 JKiico. While the Catholie as,eeialioa had renderecl itself an „1 ■ . , adnmation to the votaiics of reli..i„„, lil,^,,,, ,, " °^'°°' "' verirtg aetion, il.moml,.o,™, „a^ C v t Ihv ' " ' r"«^ <" ■" '>""«>• of it. p,ocee<,h,B„ we..e'„l, c™S S'ocl rri'T''","' ™° faithful s„„ a„.l i„„„ortal patriot W W . ' ''■''"'"'" "™' g..w to ,„.„,,„o„, hecoaC .ml:;; rr^r '.''■■'"'''■" " OKgrcssioa as „ell a, an or.™,i„, 1,-^ '"' '°™' '<" ''"■"""• . m»cl,i„er, again. ..I ah^ ' i!;:t Xl'-f, '71' °"'! '•°"""'"' Catholic Jicland Whll,. 1 ■ '"•'"•■iM the hotly and niinil of pathy with the eatrj , ^ f h "" ' ™'"" " "'''"'"•"' '" ''"'■ ■il-al Protestant is ^Zl^Z'T^'^' '"'"'"• ''"""'»• "'° a»*tanee ; the nohilhy a, C ,"',;' '"f '"''^'.B"™ "» l»-rfnl ...d the ,no,nent whieh was' 1^1 ! aT:" '" "^ .-""H^. P.ovi.,e„ce havin. „t ,e„.t -Hved, , StS tf:',', p;::;?''''" i. e-:;:d:^;o:::!;;;ri:';;:;rj:'' t":-"^ *»- -^'^ '-'-^ «a.ne time, what Catholie , '""""' ''■''•''"'""« "' "' "'» ins the li d,r f f,M I T. l". ' "" '" """" '"'"■' 1'™'' '" "l""* ..!• the , .:; . ' ;,. , V '""■' "■"~ "'■"■'■""""l -'■ "■« leaJhili., o ever, ,,„!„, „.he,^. ,„|va,io„ i, ,„ ,,,. |.,„„„;, „ ' , ' * ;" '"■''"■™ »..e^ 1;: ;:;;, 'h:r:;,;;:,:::r!;ir;;' •"■" r r ■■■° "■■'■'- --''"'""' "-" ' "■" ' .-"-j" 1^ v;o;;h;:r:i;,:::: : 144 ECCLE8USTICAL HISTOEY OF lEELAND. Boon after procured the enactment of a penal measure against tlie title, which Dr. Murray enjoyed as well as the other merabera of the Catholic hierarchy. < i CHAPTER xvn. BISHOPS OF KILDARE AND LEIGnLIN. The see of Kildare seems indebted for its foundation to the celebra- ted nunnery c.tablislicd by St. Bridget in this place. The sanctity of tliis holy virgin, and the excellence of her institute attracted hither vast multitudes, so that it became very extensive, and in time Kildare be- came a large and populous town. Hence arose a Jiecessity for episcopal functions, and thus St. Bridget was induced to make application for the ai)pointment of a bishop. Her request was listened to, and Conlaeth, a pei-son of ret''rcinent and sanctity, was selected. He led for many ycara an ascetic life in a solitary spot on the banks of the Lifi'ey. Conlaeth was consecrated about the year 490, and it would appear tliat this cere- iiiony was coiuliicted with more than usual iwagiiilicence, as it was at- tended by many of the ancient and sainted iatliers of tlie Irish Church. Fiecli, tlie bisliop of Sletty, Ibar of Begerin, Krck of Slane, Macca- leus of Hy-Falgia, in the King's County, and Bron of Caissel-Iorra, in Sligo, and other i)relates, attended on this solemn occasion. St. Coidaeth governed In's see with great wisdom, and during liis in- cuTubency tlie diocese of Kildaro obtained a high rank among the sees of Ireland. It was not, however, the ecclesiastical metroiwlis of the province, nor was its prelate recognized as an urclibishop. Whatever ])reeniineiice existed in the proviiu-e, it pertained, without doubt, to the see of Sletty, Kildare enjoying this dignity at a later jjcriod, when it was transferred from the see of Ferns in the Sth century. The cathedral ol^ Kildare, the most extensive and beautiful in the kingdom, except that of Annagh, belonged cotijointly to the Nunnery of St. Bridget and to the urdinury of tlie diocese. it ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOBY OF IKELAND. j^g Beyond the sanctuary, the great aisle was divided by a partition llie bishop and his c erffv entered t]m oh,,..h ^. ^ parurion. . life of .a. and apos.Cical ,..„„, dfed .he M of k^ T^ t: « of ,« .„cc«s„„ i„ the ,ee of Kildare have been cS:fX' han^ ed down ,„ an „„br„ke„ serie., .mil the year HOO, in w io Aid Q'" Itamon became i.s bishop. St. Conlaeth was baric',, in He 1™ eh of K,lda«,, near the high ahar. His bone,, or relic,, we e AD 80^ »t. Aid, (the black,) who, according to Colgan from beini kinrr of bisirrof'Ktfinla''"^!""?;'';™,'''" f"""'^'"' """"' -^ on,.r.c.ber?f;!:,an::,r:fi:s,rr'''''"''°''"^^''''"''™ K^r °Vii'°:::::^ ^:^;L:r::^;e1-;; -^/'.'■•- "-' - death is mentioned under 694 Of iZ i , """'^'' ""^^ ^'« ..debts regarding the:: c":teer?,i:: rtt':,:r:f:h;™i:r larannan, whose deatli is mentioned in the vonv roY . i • i3 kept on the 15th of January ^ ' ^^^ ' ^"' ""^'"^''y of ^^^^708 ^^^^^^^'^ ''''-' ''''''^' ^' ^''^"-' ^^^^'^ - the 19th Cutlml O-Farannan, nu«ntionod as abbot of Kildare, died, A D 747 Ion, u.l, expressly eallod bi.hop of Kihlare, died, A.D s7 Snedbran, also called bishop of KUdare, died in t .e san. ytar Mnredach VCathaM, abbot of Kihlare, died the same y^' IMU. cusO'loeholia, abbot of Kildare, died in 70.1. ' Lactan O M„ct.gern, expressly c-alled bishop of Kildare del n SIT Mr.rto,d. ()'Ke]la,d, abbot of Kihlaro, diedV>0 '^ Sodnbus, nbbot, died in S2S. Tuadoar, expressly enlle.l bisho,, of Kihlare, die.l A D 833 Orthanae, also bishop of Kildare, die.l in SIO " AodL'eno, siirnamcvj FJritn serihr- Ti.*-?--, ^ieo, A.U 80.., in „„.,,„„. y™; :; hi!'::;,! """""■" " ^■"""'- 146 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND, I Cohbtach O'Muredach, abbot of Kildaro, and a man of singular wisdom, died in 8G8. Colgan says his festival is observed on the 18th of Julv. Moengal, bishop of Kildare, died in 870. Lanigan puts Moengal aa the successor of Aedgen. Eobertac Mac Niserda, bishop of Kildare, scribe, and abbot of Ach- onry, died on the 15th of January, 874. Lasran Mac Moctigern, bishop of Kildare, abbot of Fearna, died the same year. Suibne O'Finacta, died in 880. Seannal died in 884. Largisius was skin in battle by the Danes of Dublin, in 885. Flanagan O'Riagan, called abbot of Kildare, and prince of Leinster, died in the year 920. Crunmoel died on the 11th of December, 929. Malfinan died in 949 or 950. Culian Mac Kellach, abbot, said to be slain by the Danes in 853. Mured Mac Foelan, of the royal blood of Leinster, abbot of Kihlare, was slain by Amlavc, prince of the Danes, and Kerbhal Mac Lorcan, in 965. Anmcaid, bishop of Kildare, died in 981, having spent a holy Ufe to a good old age. Murecluul Mac Flan, comorban or successor of St. Conleath died, A.D. 985. Moel-Martin died in 1028 or 1030. Mailbrigid died in 1042. Fin Mac Gussan Mac Gorman died at Achonry, in 1085. Ferdom- nach, was bishop, and rcsigTied in 1096. Mailbrigid O'Brolcan, bishop of Kildare, died in 1097. He was a man of great fame. Aid O'lleremon, died, A.D. 1100. Ferdomnacli, according to Ware, resumed the see and died in 1101. Mac Dongail died in 1108. Cormac O'Catlisuigh, called bisliop of Leinster, on account of the preeminence of Kildare, died in the year 1146. O'Dubliin died in 1148. Finian Mac Tiarcain 0'()onnan, al)bot of Nowry, succeeded and died at Killeigh in the year 1100, where ho was buried. lie assisted at the council of Kells in 1162. l^falacliy O'Byrn, remarkable for his modesty. When St. Lawrence O'Toole would hiivo «uHt him to dispossess a demoniac, he declined, al- leging that he had nut virtue enough to cast out a devil. This prelate died on the lat uf January, llTu. ECCLESIASTICAL ni8T0KY OF IKELAi,!,. Nehemiali succeeded in 1 1 *"7 i eigi^teen years. " " ' ^' ""' ^^^^^-^^ ^^e -e of Kildare about Cornelius Mac Gelanv recfor of ni dare, was elected, consecrated Lh T""^' ""^ ^^^^^^'««co„ of KH. catljedral. He died abo.tt t '^^^^ ^S^ h^ ^Tf ^"»^ ^'^^ St. Lawrence O'Toole, archbishop of Dubl-n ' ""'''' ^^''^ ^'^' «^ John De Taunton, canon of St Patriot', r. 1 1- Bat twenty-five yours. Died abo t the f ' ' '''''''^'^ '^ 1233 ; was buried in his own chm-ch ^""'""^^ ^'«""^'^«'-' 1258, and S'lnon De Kilkenny was canon nf Tr-i 7 1258. He died at KihL-e in the b/ "''' '"^' ^'^"^^^^ *« ^he see in '^-ase of this pr..,ate tl^'s w^ virt't'" ^'^^""' ''''• ^^^^ «- Kicholas Cusaelc o T^,. ''^'^ J^^a"*^ *or some time. S.o„l,.:n, <,..a„ of Kil,l,„e, !n, WiZ ' T " °"""""'' ""^ *=«»- »' -oc,.„le■"* t™a,er, !.»., „„,,, « .bi ;:^;:*t;'- ^'-/-^ ™ sop. own church. "J jeai-s, and was buried in his Walter le Veel, chancellor of Kihhre «„. i , • consecrated in 1300, in St Pntrick'. Ij i Z '^"^^ "^ 1299. Was oHhirty-twoyea..' He di!d ^^ /Jl: ' ,^:;f "• «« - upward, been buried in his own church. ' ' ''"^ '^ ^^'^ *« I'ave Kichard Ilulot, succeeded in iqq* "''' - ""''■^■lon.hot, ofjl'.™o™"": ""' "'"'*-"" consecration. "■' '"'-> '" tlio lotli j-ear of Jua ' Tl.ommOiffor,l,clnineollorof ICii,l.„.„ „.„ , , fr-;' "' >»--'• ire die.! on ,l.o M, L, s ,f *" "^ «- *™ and '"'™' »' Kf«- i" .1." cl,n„.|, of sl t L ' «"■ ""'' ""'' "- A..K«i„o l,o„ni,, Kloc.e.l i„ Z \Z1 '"'° '" "«"• '»''"» "» ficorgo i, ,aid to liave ,„ceee,lod and ,, !' ' «*. ..0,,„,t„„ ,V.'R:i™'™™ «■■«'■. -« p.o,n„ted in De- --".--onofK^-trirr:-^--^^^^^ 11 148 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOKY OF IRELAND. Pope Eugene IV. Having governed the see fourteen years, he died in April, 1446. GeofFrj Hereford, a Dominican friar, was advanced in 1449, to this see, by Pope Eugene IV., and waj consecrated on Easter Sunday. He died, having sat about fifteen yeai-s, and was buried in liis own church. ^ Pucliard Lang, a man of exemplary gravity and wisdom, succeeded in 1464. He was strongly recommended by the dean and chapter of Armagh to Pope Sixtus IV., for the see of Armagli, but without suc- cess, lie was cited by public edict on the part of the Pope, to appear •and produce his title to the see of Kildare. He died in possession of his see A.D. 1474, David succeeded, and died before lie got possession, in 1474. James AVall, a Franciscan friar, and doctor of divinity, was pro- moted on the 5th of April, 1475. He died on the 2Sth of April, 1494, and was buried in a church of Franciscans, at London. He resigned long before his death. AVilliam Barret succeeded. He must have resigned, as he was vicar to the bishop of Clermont (France), in 1403. Edmund Lane, succeeded in i482, and died about the end of 1522, and was bu-ied in his own church, to which he was a benefactor. Ho founded a college at Kildare, in which the dean and chapter nnght live in a collegiate manner. He sat in this see upwards of foviy years. He was entrapped into the mock coronation of Lambert Simnel. " He after- wards obtained a pardon. In 1494, he assisted at a provincial syn.'l held ill Christ church, by Walter Fitzsiinon, archbishop of Dublin. TJKMiias Dillon, a native of Mcath, and an alumnus of Oxford was promoted to this see in 1523, and died in 1531, having presided about eight years. Peter Stole, a master o:' sacred theology, was provided by Clement VIL, on the 15th March, 1529. Walter Wellesley, a canon regular, prior of Conal, in the county of Kildare, obtained the see in 1531, by provision of Pope Clement VH. He died in 1639, and was buried in his own convent. King Henry \ .A. endeavored to advance him to the see of Limerick, ten years be- fore this, but without avail, as the Pojjo was unwilling. D.inal; "/ """'I Im w "aid to li„vo beenin.truct::ii;iirM:r"'""' ''''-''- — ^« '-« cw, and to huvoreturniri t ;:r :;: j:^ ^"^ to Rome about (WO nrolml.Iu.. 1 '^, ' "/'\''^'''^"^J- Havui;. been sent dew af^er . yZ c^ o '"^r ' ^ ^'^"•^"^"" ^••^'" ^'^ -"^I'-a Po,eIK,nu iu r , "^''''■"' ''° ^^'^ consecrated bi.hnp by iyieiiuiiunuN 1., H„d made estate of Lvlmid Tr„- . , •'^ lun.l he founded tlie see A D oZ J Z '"^' '''''"'''^ '^ ^'^ bee, A.U O.J, and previously to his death, which 150 . ECCLESIASTICAL III8T0KY OF IRELAND. i! '.< occurred on the IStli of April, G39, he was a chief instrument in finally settling the question of the Easter controversy, in the south of Ireland. In the same year died St. Gobhan, founder of the abbey. Manchen, according to Ware, bishop of Leighlin, died ih 865. From St. Laserian to the time of Manchen, the records of the bishops of this see are lost. The Danes, imbued with a hatred to literature, re- solved to suppress the colleges and schools of the island, nor did they permit the Irish people to iiave their children taught any share of scho- lastic knowledge. All the books which came into their possession were destroyed-the churches wore closed— their plate and valuables plun- dered— poets, historians, professors of arts and sciences were banished, imprisoned, or forced into concealment. Condla Mac Donecan, prince and bishop of Leighlin, died in 943. Daniel, bishop of leighlin, died in 969. Cleircc O'Muinic, bishop of Leighlin, died in 1048. Li 1060 the cathedral of Leighlin was destroyed by fire. Condla O'Flmn, the bishop of Leighlin, died in 1113. Sluagad O'Catan, bisliop of Leiglilin, died in 11-14. Dungall O'Cellaic, bishop of LeighHn, died in 1152. He assisted at the council of Kells. Donat, succeeded in 1158, to the see of Leighlin. He rebuilt the cathedral after its destruction by fire. He died at Leighlin, in 1185 and was buried in his own cliurch. ' John, a Cistercian monk, and abbot of Monastereven, was appointed to the see of Leighlin, and was confirmed in 1199, by Mathew Olleney archbishop of Cashel and legate of Ireland, in the absence of John Comin, archbishop of D,.blin. Ilamo de Yalois, anxious to replenish the L-ish exchequer by an invasion of cln.rch pr,.perty, seized the tem- poralities of the canons and the catliedral of Leighlin. Under those circumstances the legate was deterred fi'om consecrating John, who findmg timt he had no other resource, proceeded to Eome, and was immediately consecrated by Pope Lmocent III. Jolin returned to Ireland, having enjoyed his dignity but two years, for he died A.D. Ilorlewin, a Cistercian monk, succeeded in 1201. He died according to the annals of St. Mary's near Dublin, in 1216, and was buried in the ccnventual church of Dunbrothy, a groat part of whicli ho had built. Richard or Robert Fleming was consecrated bishop of the see in tlio year 1217. With the prior of Conal ho had a contest for some lands and tithes bel.mging to his see in Leix, Queen's county. Tha suit was, however, ended by composition, the bisho]) resigning the lands and tithes to the prior, and receiving an annual pension of ten marks paya- ECCLESU8TICAL HISTORY OF IBELAND. l^ I.le to liim and to his successoi^ at Leighlin. ITais prelate governed the «iee about nine years, and died in 1290. govemea the William archdeacon of Leigh in, M-as elected by the chapter with out he king's license, in 1227. The informality wasLused TlZZ the h.gh character of the bishop elect. IJe died in 1251, and wL buried m his own church. Thomas succeeded in 1252, and was consecrated the same year J^icholas Cheevei-s, a Franciscan Friar, and archdeacon of Leighlin ad the Popes nunco at the time, received instructions to inquire into the election, and the ineHts of the elect, and to confirm him if no ob- jection existed Nicholas was immediately confirmed. He died in . very advanced age in July, 1300, luiviug governed the see thirty-tw^ yoai. fn3m the tune ot his restitution to the temporals. After his death Jolin Cheevers, dean, and Ralph lo Brun, chancellor of Leighlin, for.^ed some grants to which they affixed the episcopal seal. Tlie fraui b4i« discovered, they underwent punishment suitable to their misconduct Maurice of Blanch viUc, canon of Leighlin, was lawfull v elected and corhrmed on the 13th of Xovember, 1309. He governed the see durin. a ponod of nearly eleven yeai-s, and .leparted this life, A.D IS^o Miler le Poer, chaunter of Leighlin, was elected on the 5th of No- vember 1320. Miler was descended of a noble family ; was confirmed by de Licknor, archbishop of Dublin, and consecrated at Waterford on pahiv^unday, in 1321. He sat upwards of twenty years in the see. \V 1 liam St. Leger succeedc.l to the see in 1341. He died at Avhnion about the beginning of May, 134S. ® _ Thomas of Brackenbcrg next succeeded, and obtained the temporals m August, 1310. He was a Franciscan Friar, and was provided by Pope Clement VL It is supposed tliat he died in July, 13(J0. Jolm Young, treasurer of Leighlin, succeeded bv provision of the 1 ope, in 1303. Jolin expended a large sum in repairing the episcopal houses in his manoi-s. Fight yeai-s before liis death, in 1370, he was plmidered of all his good, by the L-isli, whom the Englisli then styled rebels, lie died in 13S4. John Griffin, who was chancellor of Limerick, was advanced to the see ot Leighlin in 1385. The see he governed thirteen vears, and wi. then tianslated to the see of Ossory ; was made in 1301 chancellor of the exchequer by King Pidiard H. liichard lioooiab, ur liokmn, a FJominican, was consecrated bishou of Leighhn -I 1300. He is supposed to have resigned in U20. 152 ECCLESIASTICAL HIdTOET OF lEEXAND. J.lm Mulgan, rector of the church of Lin, iu the diocese of Meath uccceded ju 1422 by provision of Pope Martin V. He obtained u!^ SX I *';";"!";^,^'^^'-- ^^« ^^^^-^-'^ fo»r petty canons in his church. John died at Leaghhn in 1431, and was buried in his own church. Thoniu« I leniing, bachelor of divinity, and a Franciscan friar, waa advanced to the see by the pope on the 18th of April, 1432 ^oll'rljT"" '^^'*^ '"'' '" ^"^"^'"^^ ^^"«» «f St. Jolin the Evan- fech^t, a Ivdkenny, and that he died at Leighlin. During his incum- bency, the ancient priory of Leighlin was, by'anthority of lop E ;ene IV dissolved at the instance of Nicholas Cloal, dea^ of Leighlin nd .^ knds annexed to the deanery. He governed the see until the yea. Milo Eoch, or de Eupe, descended of a' noble family, obtained the see b rov..on of the pope in 1458. Milo wa. more lidicted to tl udy ot music and poetry than accorded with his episcopal obligations Between lum and his clergy many contests arose, hi wLh th ' 1 rgt tnumphed. M,Io died in 1489, and was buried in his own cathedrf^ near the image of St. Laserian. ' Nicholas xAIaguire was advanced to the see in 1490. He was born in t^:A^77 "\ '■'". """'^' ''' ^'"■^'^"' "^ '^'' y'^' 1^60 ; was edu- atcd at Oxlord, and is justly ranked among the learned writers of the •fteenth century. On his return to his native country, his talents and acyuirenK-nts being duly appreciated, he was appointed to the prebend ary of bllard in the diocese of Leighlin. liosides his extensive ac- i.Ku ^ celebrated for his elaborate and successful researches into the an- chronologv, and other subjects of national interest had been projected by him, and M-ere advanced to a considerable progress when he was obliged to yield to the wishes of his superior, and undertake the govern! ment of he diocese of Leighlin. He was but thirty yeai-s of age when advanced to the see of Leighlin, in 1490. After his promotion, he devo' ted he greater part of his time to .'us pastoral functions, and being one oi he most elociuent preachers of the day, his discoui^es were attc^ided Mth e.xtraordnia.y success. This excellent prelate died in lol'> A d.rcr..cle of iis has been of great use to succeeding annalists, and par- ticularly to the learned Howling in 1598. Nicholas Halsay, doctor of"the civil and canon laws, a native of tn«land, and the pope's nrothonotory for L-eland, succeeded througli the influence of Christopher Eambridge, cardinal of York, and then resid ani ass^or at Eome by the provision of Pope Juliul H. Niehoi:':. sibted at tJie conned of Laterau in the -vu- IM"^ -,-.1 1-1- -- > ECCLE6IA8TICAI, HISTORY OF IBELAND. ^gg Cavanagh, abbot of Duisk, governing the diocese as vicar-^eneral Ificholas was penitentiary to the English nation at St. Peterl izx Eor o a.a a man of great probity, as his epitaph in the d urclof tl^ t ' Hospital testifies. He died on his reUfron. ^^ttH:Z London. . the year 1521. It appea. that Niehol. iver sinH- Maurice Doran, ?, Dominican friar, was b /a in Le.V 0„n ' .7. and ... di«i„,„,w V ...e proK^ „„„ ;z^^2::z Ota eloquence .^ „ p„„e,,,, aj,,^,, ,„ ..^^ /„ J^P--^ ta c e,gy m order to replace the expenses of hi, e.ecion, he 01X7 ence, and obstinacy, and other misconduct, and threatened hm wUh correction and puninhinent. ^^^^ Tlie murderer was afterwards apprehended, and by comm-nd of f1,« ord deputy, Gerald Fitzgerald, earl of Kildare, .irZlTonl^^ liis bishop. Jlis bowels were taken out and burned Mathew Sanders succeeded in 1527 by provision of the pope He was born near Drogheda. lie rebuilt o choir of the cathedrL of St lasenan erected and gl.ed the south windows. Mathew dt^on , t Itobeit Iravers was deposed becc^use a married man ; described aa Sa:rr:;:':^rii:-^^^^-----^-^ Thomas Field, or O'Fihol, a native of the county of Cork and a Fi«n fi-iar w^ apj,ointed by papal provision, ^hom ^i:;^, 1 Ida. beure palin-Sunday, 1507. He governed the see twelve 1 iV llichard Lalor wi»s vicar-general of Leighlin in 1606 ^ ^^ Eoche Mac Geoghegan, it seems, presided over Kildare and Leighlin peace tole In! r1 "'T '"" "^" ^"' ^''^^^^ ^ ^"-^o-^g peace to the country. Edmond was a Dominican friar; he w,v8 forced o go into exile, and died in Finisterra, in the kingdo a ot G.U da His brother James O'Dempsey was vicai-goneral of Leighlin n 4 J Ldvv.i^ Wesley was bishop of Kildare and Leighhn b G8 Mark Forestal was bishop in 1701. > Edward Murnliv lii^il,,, 1 --.; : — 1..... J H5 1724. James Gallagher, bishop in 1747. li 154: ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TEELAND. Jolin O'Keeffe, bishop, in 1770. Jainns Keeffe, bishop of Kildare and Leighlin, died, 1786. Richard O'Reilly, l^shop of Kildare and Leighlin, or rather coadju- tor, wa.s translated to Armagh, in 1782. Daniel Lslanj, died A.D. 1814. Michael Corcoran, bishop, in 1819. James Doyle, bishop of Kildare and Leighlin, was bom in New Ross, county Wexford, in 1786. He was sent by his parents to the best schools, and liaving, as he grew up, manifested a desire to embrace the priesthood, he repaired to Portugal, where he was trained tor the ecclesiastical state. While yet a student in Coimbra, Portugal was in- vaded by Napoleon, and Doctor Doyle and his fellow students enlisted under the banner of the country, which they temporarily adoi^ted, and were of considerable assistance to the Duke of Wellington, in his wara of the Peninsula. Surrounded by the influences of his college life— the di-ciplos or admirers of Rousseau, D'Alembert, and Voltaire, he was wi'll nigh making a wreck of that laith in which he was born, and of that morality, which is its concomitant; but as he himself admits, when everything conspired to induce him to shake off the swee' yoke of the gospel, the dignity of religion, her majesty and grandeur arrested him in his career towards unbelief, and tilled iiim with awe and venera- tion towards lier prccc-i.ts. Evnywhoro slie jiresidod, her ardent vo- taries, wl'ile a terror to the enemies of revelation, gloi-itied and a■ 1 ommpotent (}od. Tie examined the systems (if religion prevainng in t!ie east— the koran, with atten- tion, the Jewish history, ami tliat of Clirist, his disciples, and of his Church, with interest, nor did he Iiesitatc to continue a,. ached to tlie religion of the Redei-mer, as alone worthy of (rod ; ami being a Chris- tian, he could not fail to be a Catlioljc. Shortly after tlie retreat of the French fro.ii Portugal and Spain, in 1812, Doctor Doyle returned to Ireland, and became professor in flio Ecclesiastical College, in Carlow. In this capacity his acquirements won him tlie admiration of his fellow professors, and his nn'ld manner gaineil him the esteem of the students. As a ]>reaclier he was learned, tluent, argumentative, and persuasive ; every one who listened to his uiscouiws, whoiild admire religion, its ceromotiifs and it« mystories. Having spent five years in the college, he was, at the unauimoim M>quest of the clergy of the diocese, ])roniofed at the age of fhirty-two years by liis holiness the Pope, to the bishopric of Kildare and Leighlin. \ ■:, ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0KY OF IRKLAm J 55 During his episcopacy, his life is delineated by his own pen in ^ following words: "I am a churchman hnf T » ^^'^^ P^"' '^ tho avarice, and I feel no worldly amb Z' an aUa7HT"''' "^^ 8ion, but I love Christianity more than^K 1 Ti 1 '" "'^ ^''^'''^ Catholic from the fullest cTnvTdon b.t f i '' ^PP'^ndages. I am a . la. an Irishman, I W^Z L^ ^^L::; ,:rm;i:^^ llio laivsof tlio Mmire to whirl, " '''".°"' , '""''-'""-ewgnKeil l,y to tl,e voice of St. IVtcr'. ,„ecm,,,r. ^ """ """'"^i"" Doctor Dovic, in n letter lo the Maniiiis W,,ll™l,„. i ■ ,. H.of..i,hofca,;,„,ics,„i,ic,,™,o,ojcr;r ',ri" r'"' baron, of tho , i, !„t ' 1 , f ■"'" ""' ''"''''""■-■ ^^" '!'« i«.i„ frcco,;; :;ri' J,;:;:: t^'r;;- 1,;;;^:':: '"" """■'"' -' Md OxfonI ( Who |,oli.Cl Z , . '■ '''"'■'"' '■'"'""• ''""». ^vi.o uce „ :™™ „ Im ;::'T*"'"'"'*"^'"" ""■'■'■' Were th,.,. „„, ., ,„, „ i" • " '"""""'<• "'"' '■'■ """■" < unlit for her eigonnen ( Woro , I ' "'-■ ''"'''" '""' '"""• J 1 I n .10 men, Ueen.wl even now ,|,„ ii^,|,|, „, I II 'Ifii ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOET OF IRELAND. the world and the benefactors of the human race, the dehided victims of B a..sh superstition ? But what is there in our creed which rendei. usunfi.for roedom? Is it the doctrine of passive obedience ? No- lor the obe.. ^nce we yield to authority is not blind but reasonable. Our religion does not create despotism : it supports every established constitution wlucu is not opposed to the laws of nature. In Poland it supported an elective monarch-in France an hereditary sovereilm-in feimm an absolute or constitutional ki„g-iu England, when the houses ot York and Lancaster contended, it declared, that he who was kin-, de facto, M-as entitled to the obedience of the people. During the reign of the Tudon. there was a faithful adherence of the Catholics to their prince, under trials the most .evere and galling, because the con- stitution required it. The same was exhibited by tiiem to the u, Grate- ful race ot Stuart. But since the expulsion (foolislily called ,.a abdi- cation,) have they not ad..pted with the nation at large, the doctrine of the revolution, that .he crown is held in trust for the benefit of the people and that should the monarch violate his compact, the subject is treed from the bond of his allegiance. lias there been any form of government ever devised by man, to which the religion of Catiiolics has not been accommodated ? Is there any obligation either to a prince or to a constitution, which it does not enforce r The health of Doctor Doyle visibly declining, he was recommended to resign the diocese and travel on the continent, with a view of restor- ii.g .t, but he did not choose to adopt the advice. His end npproachinir and solicitous for the welfare of his flock, lie entreated the holy fathe.^ to provide a coadjutor bishop, and the R^y. Edward Xolan was ■elected Doctcrr Doyle died the If.tli of -luiie, 1834, of consumption. He ro^ fi.gne'' his spirit with fortitude and cahnness, and with that h >„e and contuleiice which the true faith alone inspires. Edward Nolan completed his ecclesijistical stu.lies at I^faynooth • M-iU. ordained priest by Doctor Doyle, in December, l.>ll,, und was con-' secrated IIS successor by Daniel Murray, archbishop of Dublin, on the 28th of October, 1834, in the cathedral of Carlow. The interveninK joai-s of Doctor Nolan's life were spent in the college ..f Carlow, where he successively taught moral and natural philosophy, theoh...v, and eacred scriptures. Doctor Nolan died ah..ut the clixse of ti.; y«u' Francis Ifoaly, who succeeded, was j.arish priest of Kik-ock, at Iho time of his election. \V.i« consecrated on the 26th of March, l«as btill ha]»pily presides. WCCLFSUSTICAi inSTOKY OF mELAND. 367 CHAPTER XVin. W.i DIOCESE OF OSSORT. Its founder St. .. , . Kieran, the son of Lutmeiis n TinM« n.., U^^ .other, was of Coreah.id,he (CarQ V^ "^ t.r d to a lonely spot, ninee culled Sai,.ir, in the territorv of Ely Oerrrol and there erected a n.onastory. In a few years Saigir became a ty of d .t,nct,on, on account of the number of students tL resort d o'^h J S^of t^r-anc t '''''' «^«--3M.ein, attached to the and ni « n;:;^;" 'r^':^' to^ghahocin the Queen's c^mtv, nn.l tinal y to Kilkenny. St. Kieran died about the year 550 and Ids n.e,nory ,s revered on the 5th of >Iarch, the anniversly of is 1 ^ fet.K,eran was buried at Saigir, where his virtues have been re ,!lei and revered. In (^,po Clear are the walls of a rui„e H.o„ for ea< . o.hor, ..' their design „f in.lnlging it being mi .^; frustrated tluy both repented, and on St. VnrL^, .vas^enjoi ed hy K.eran an absence for somo time out of Ireland. H« then went to < ■ hi '/ m ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF lEELAND. in an Gaul and spent some yeai-s in the practice of a penitential life, and he study ot the holy Scriptures. HaVng returned to TreUmd Kiera ecewed hun with joy. It is related that\ little before lu^ Jth L ceededlnu as bi.hop; but it is more probable that he exercised his rS mT: '' 'T^'' "^'^^ ''' '''-' ''^"^- ^'^ ^'-^ — try t hi-s bis op of Lismore. St. Carthagli took him under liis care as i h- vonte discipe, aiid when properly instructed, he ordained i;,;;;; 11.0. year ot St. Cartha^h's deatli is not known; but it can harll be supposed to have been prior to 580. H. name of Carthagh occ . a tlie caleiidai-s on the 5th of March. ces 'ror'Kieit'" f; '"'"^' f ^r'^'"' "'^^ ^""^^' ^''« """-^''^te suc- ces.oi ot Kieian Sedna was the disciple of St. Senanus of Inniscatl,v According to Co gan he w.s tlie son of Eren, and a native of a d c „ Munster, ca led Altraighe Cliach. Sedna presided over a cinirch at ; " Wn by the name of Chiaii, between the mountains Crot and M d . " m Munster, and was buried in Kinsale, where his brother St. (i biru fended a monastery. Another brother of Sedna's w.s St. Mdt o who was revered at Kinsale on the 11th of December. Sedna flourished' about the year 570, and his festival is observed on tlie lOt'i of March ^ . Xdlene Mac Lubney, abbot of Saigir, assisted with forty othe.^ }tai (uKk Ui^ fi'stival is observed on the 12th of April Cormae Kladaeh, called in the ani.als of the Four M.istei^, scribe, abbot, an.l bishop of Saigi- Curmac cHed in 8(57. ' Gcran, abbot died, r SIdgiid O'Kiiithnin, n 885. Cormae, bislmp of ^ died in 007. Forgal Mac Ma'luiorra, abbot, died in 010. Fogartaeh, abltot, died in 041. Kenf.H'hid :\rae Suibno, died at Glendaloch, in 051. I" lathlen, abbot of Saigir, died in 08-1. l''"gartacli, abbot of Saigir, died in 1004. dJluW^. '>"'^^l'«^""--> -'.norban. or succensor of Kiarun, of Saigir, KVlhu.]. K,.,,,., ;. ,, ,„ , ,„„.,,^,,^,^ ^,^ ^..^^^^ ^^ in 10 <0. A ,.ha.m of sovenly-three yoara occurs. Donald O'Fugarty assistcvl at the council of Kdls in 1152, Hi. death took place «f IJa.l.-Kiuran, on the hth ..f M„v 1 1 7S rd illrs^Tl""'^' ' ^"T"''"" """'' ^■""'•' "'''"'^ "^<^-"^' -'^'•-'^ .n ll.h. 11,0 episcopal 9«o of Suigir was rctnoveU to Agubo.., and E0CLE8USTICAL IIISTORT OF IBELAND. 155 was a benefactor and nf .„i • . T^ , ^' '^^'■P*^'"^ to whicli he the year. At tl e loul^^ n ,7.'"^^ '^^n^eerated before the end of ed the abbet o nXc : a' ^"'"' ''"'"" ^'^^ ^^"^'"^^ ^"'-d- -a« buried i' the abb t t ,t"?n '" """" "^ ^^^^^ "^ ''''' -^^ siderable benefaoto. ' ' ^"""""^'^ ^' "'"^^ ^^ ^^'^ ^^^^ ^ cou- Peter Mannesin, canon of Ossory, elected bv t' « ^ was confirmed by the kin,, in Decenfber P S H T "'f ''''^^'"■' .of A,.hh>ng, near Clonn.ore, and e L t adi ■ ^""''fr' '" ""^' death of lluc^h divnofKIll ^'''"""^''' ^'^''^'"^''^ "^''^'' tl»« part; the Z; " f i^^::: Jd^ i'^'-^f"^^ f "^^^-' •''' ^'^ -« Beo eleven yea,., and died in lo'o "'^ "" "^'"•'- "'^ ^'^^ '» ^^- time, as he rosi-n.ed in lo<]9. „,,. ' ' "'' '"^ ^'"^ '^ '^''"''t toi-H nf fl, > r , , prelate is reckoned union- the bencflir. TOI8 ot tlie fanions nbbev of St All>..„' ■ t' i , r- ""- ""-'itnit- 5th of Decen.ber I'M" ' '" ^"°'"'^'- "^' ^"^"'^ ^'^ the tiu. „ni,... ,„■ ,i,.,„,.ii,„ i„ 1,1. „.,„ ,,/;;"""'• "'"' '" '-" ".in.m,.,„«a -'".>, »-.>!, ami in the lollowinj; m.-ntl- wiw n: 160 ECCLESIASTICAL mSTORT OP lEELANB. other necessary ornaments for himself and his successors, at Aghor and expended large sums on the fabric of the cathedral of St. Canice in- somuch that he might he called the founder of it, but an untimely d'eath prevented h„n from finishing the work. He died, it is said, in 1256, and was buried m his own church near St. Mary's chapel. He founded some prebends m that church and endowed them. Ungh, a Dominican friar, succeeded in 1257. He is said to have made many donations to the fria. of his order at Kilkenny, and among the rest, St. Can.ce'8 well and an aqueduct. He sat in this see two years; died m 1259 and was buried in the church of the Dominicans, near the high altar on the left side. f^f'^^y St. Leger, treasurer of St. Canice's church, descended of a noble family, was consecrated bishop of Ossory in 1260. He finished at great expense what de Mapilton had left undone in the cathedral, and thus M-as completed the n.ble structure of St. Canice, second to no^e in the kingdom, after a period of one hundred years from its first founda- tion by lehx O'Delany. Ho expended large sums in repairing and adornmg he episcopal palaces of Aghavoe and Dorogh ; he was also a generous benefactor to the vicai. of the choral college, which he founded, lie governed this diocese twenty-six years and died in January, 1^86 and was buried near Bishop Mapilton. ' Roger de Wexford, dean of Kilkenny, was consecrated bishop of this see on the 3d of .November, 1287, by John Saundford, archblhop of Uubhn. He ,bed on the 28th of June, 1289, and is said to have been buried in his own cathedral. Michael de Exeter, a canon of the cathedral of Kilkenny, was elec od b,s opon the 28th of September, 1281) ; he was consecrat'ed about the close of the year, and was made privy councillor. His liberality to the mTi302 ' '"' """'' ^""""^'"'''^'l- "« di^'l "I'out the 12th of William FitKJohn, canon of Kilkenny, was elected bishop of Ossory and consecrated in 1302. In four years after he was translated to tho archdioccso of Cashell. KiohanI Le,|re,I, a frnnciscnn friar of T.on.lon. was cons,.cratcd at Avignon, in 13..8, by Nicholas, archbishop of O.stia. in 1330 .loctrino of anheret.cal and blasphemou, nature by nomo neans wore partially Hproad m the province of Leinster, as has boon noticed in the life of de hcknor, archbishop of T)„bli„, who protected tho «ufhor« of these doc r.nes ,n ins d.ocese, and .he ci.y of Kilkenny was selected as tho thea- tio tor the dissemmrttion of Hiexo errors. T1.0S0 Masphemers asserted that our divine Redco.ner wa. a mere ECCLESUSXrCAi HISTORY OF IBELAIO). jgj man and a sinner, and had been justly crucified for ir . that the sacrament of the body of CI rirw7f t^^^^gressions ; shiped; that the decretals and Jn,tn , ^ "' "''""^ '" ^« ^^^^ obeyed or respected; an^l t ^11 ^IT.^'^ ^1'\'^^'^^'^- *« ^« the rites of Pagan sects should-be consulted according to that grew and disappeared i„ „riln,l! l , '" »'"'"■"""•■« doctrine, from the preael.in. „f S pLtri' f"'"^"' ■"" "" '"" "' «» W"!' not poiiattd b, Xdo! T rr "7;'"0/»»" "*». ™ misfortune, are loomin,- i^te ri.v Ir * ', m" ^■""- "■'"'""'l con,e.rea.„re„, eseheat^'r,, dertS 'Sltlt '"""' "'*°'« "=- -rid,, p„,„p „„d ,.ra„de„; .,1 «:e tat e rr*:^;":::,:''-^''' °^ tl.e,r people. The ad,ent„ren,, wl,o osten^iMvT .' ' ""^ "' and to eorreet the evil, „f von nl ional °T ^ " '''""' ''""W™. dnee neveit, of doetrine .r:Lr tZpit "tT; '', "f ^° T"- was not accustomed ^*^ ^"'^'i Catholic and defeat tho^ encnie' of reM,^: ll: L''™? "T '? "''""^ men of wealth and influence tl^„ „ "* '"""'"=' »•<»<> lady Aliee Kettle Wil IhT O, 7 °°' """'^ ™- rcolate and e,„l,itte, Tel' i •'' ""'":"'"'" '""' l""""'"'' ""'«• where he re ined tn,,! ,| ''"'' 7;'!"'"' ""■' '« '»'" I'™o„, "7"'. »a» -a. ;;.::,;;;; : irrcf;' "'"•■"'■'""'''.'''''•- nuilevolenci., f,,,- i„ «„,.i. . , " ' ""'' ""^ onomies, full of -«ain.t t„, lii.;,;: ;:;;:;;,; ';„:,■;;'» ■ ••; -.v ..m, p„„ii,i. ,., "'■■T"": "■« "-a. .The;;::";,: ':,::;'■; :;■-■;'• ";■?■ o-io o. Mo,,,hir which heh.,,,,, to ■^.;,;r; :; :';t,, ; 1 . I 1 i ^f I' ; t -i4i^ ^ F * 162 ECCLESIASXrCAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. ^if was accused as a partner in the outrage. In the meantime lette,^ had been despatclied to Pope Benedict XII. by tlie bishop of Ossory, and m clergy g.vmg the supreme pontiff a distinct and faitliful account of those scandalous doctrines and proceedings, and also i.Tiploring advi.e and assistance. On this occasion two epistles, full of tenderness and BO he. ude, becoming the father of the faithful, were addressed to Edward III., kmgot Englanrl I„ the first he recpiire. that the ecclesiastical piopertytaken trom Eichard, bishop of Ossory, should be restored, and strong y impresses on the king the obligation he is under of cooperlting with the prelates of the church in plucking out the seeds of heresy from Wlonnmons. The second, more comprehensive, is presented "to the "Our Lord Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of the true and liv- g God, who by ]„8 ineffable charity enlightens the hearts of the faith- ful, that they may acknowledge his greatness and believe in his mi^^hty power, to the end that they may be saved, and after the exile of'this •fe be adnntted mto the luugdom of the heavenly citizens, has in those a.t ays etectedin your land of Ireland, crafty wolvL in sh';': clot hmg-foxes gomg about and to the ut.nost of their po«^r laying waste the ymeyard of the Lord; wicked men scattering the thistle amc.g the good seed ; pestiferous heretics assu.ning the mask of hypoc- ry, but whose convei-satnons are execrable and deserve to be execmtod l« ■„ consideration of the co„ce,.„ ,,,,ie,, „,„„„ ,„ „,„„i4,7 '<> 1;^ *"«>., and lil^ewise ,„ U,at »<".W wirt,o„. delay ca« le, ct 1 °„d ' TT" °'""' P"!''". V-' J-'-jndiciary i„ „,e af„«aid to "nd ^7 , " """""• "» -" '» const,h«cd „,er ,l,a. realm, H,„ , " t , ^o"' °'l'«' "..-.Atcm P-mp. and i„„„edia,e assi* oti ^^!k7 ""^ °'"'»"''' '° "fo'" other r,.cl«es of Ireland in takinV" I, "' '"''7 "' 0«ry, and aU - heretics and their followed";: I ;■;«•"■''' ^-'-''-S *» atorc- "f the canon, l„ ,,„„ „^,,„,, ,;;,°;^ ''^ '" «'<; ™1« and instrnction, tnde to the Eternal Jlaiesl,- J -u ™ '"'""anst of d„e „ati '° *e ei,„,.h, c„„„„;r,;f ;• i; n:::'r ,^-"""» f-^*. ^^ ':::: oren Ingher the dipn'ty of fh„ ZT °"""°"' ""<• ™treafj-, estol ;™-n, and prospfrit/of t ^rS "o" """ T""''""° '<> "■-»orf and /JX.^Z" " ^'■«"™' "" '"« «'" o Uefore this letter l„d ..t- , , ' ""' Pontiflcato." -^'ti' tl.e bishop of Os.o.y had "e'l " f" " '"'"^" '"''''''- ^t l>e was then rosi.lont in tiL c y T "! '" "^^T" '' ^^''^-'' "^ ^J- -"-cl fhatdeBiekno.., „rchh f^, " D^r^'^' '^'^^^'•^"'•^'' ^-- ":««^onso,. to be despatched to the dl^ ' "'^ ''"^'^ ^^'^^^^ ^-^"^1 l';n arrested and thrust into pri 1 . " '''^'''''^ '" ""I-" to have of Ossorv fonnd .oans of efifX li ?"' ""^- """--^ I^-'I-rd ^e -.nainod an exile for nine ^ ^ In t7' ? •'" ^•"^'"^"^' ^^•'-•« eau^ed his troubles, when resou o .s's and I ! • ''"" '" '"''^'^^^^ -'''^'» «- Bcorn of the people, and bv 1 ,1 " '' '^^ "^" "«"^«' '— « t^*^ luul made, rendered the anc ./fo f 7"""'' "'"'^^^ '^« P'-'"'> and exalted. ""'"^"* ^'^'h of the country more glorious J *'pe Clenierif Vr i -nderdeHic.no::;: ::--':^;',^^^'^I-Hnea,thro^^^ well as decide Tho P .-f^ ^'"""".ssioners with j.oweiN to enn,,- '- -he .inrisdici, ;r: ':^r"1 ''''''''' ^^'^ ^>^ «.o protection of „,„ hoi; : S ^":',;; P« ''"" ■ -liatol, nnd;!^ , ■ *! 164: ECCLE8USTICAL fllSTOET OF IRELAND. which should happen to be instituted, contrary to the exeuii..tion, sliould be and were (by the very fact) null and void. Tlie bull of exemption is singularly illustrative of the conduct of de Bicknor towards the bishop of Ossory, and is wortliy of being set before the reader as an. instance of the rapacity by which ecclesiastical as weU as lay adventurers fro n iilngland were distinguished. " It becometh the j rudence and circumspection of the Eoman Pon- tiff, when consulting the interest of churches, prelates, and ecclesiastical persons, to relieve with paternal solicitude all those who are oppressed, and to make such concessions as may, with God's help, tend to their general tranquillity. Your petition, most truly, has set forth whilst vou, havn.g first consulted us according to the canons, had proceeded against certain heretics discovered by you in your diocese of Ossorv, tlie atbre- said heretics seized your pei-son and for seventeen davs liad detained you, ignominiously bound in chains and in a prison; that afterwards, when you being liberated from prison lund appealed to us from our ven- eral)le brother, Alexander, archbishop of Dublin, who inflicted many and great injuries upon you, on your churcli of Ossory, on vour clergy, and on your subjects, and ^v•hen you had set out for the purpose of pro- ceeding to the apostolic see in prosecution of this appeal, the aforesaid arelibishop had caused his lettei-s to be despatched to all the seaports and otiier places tlirougli which it was necessary for you to pass, caus- ing thereby and procuring to tlie utmost of his power, tliat your peison may be again seized upon and cast into prison. Moreover, when you, through fear of incarceration and death, had been compelled to leave your country and live as an exile for nine yeai-s, your temporals, mova- ble aiid immovable, having been in the meantime seized uixm, tlie said archbisiiop by fraud, extortion, and various otiier ways annoved and op- pressed your church, your clergy, and the laity, who had assisted you in resisting and pulling down tlie aforesaid heretics. And whereas, we, by our letters, have commanded tlie said arclibislK)p to be cited before us, and tliat witliin a given time peremptorily specitied, ami that you in the meantime may have reason to fear lest he should proceed with more se- verity against you, your clergy, and iieoj.le, and by this means be pre- vented from governing yo..r church in the manner which l)ehoveth you; wc therefore, anxious to protect thy person, as also to relieve your cler- gy and people from oppression, and yielding to the jirayer of your peti- tion, do, by our apostolical authority, and by special favor, altogether exomi.t you, your church, your city, your diocese of Ossory, your cler- gy, laity, and all persons therein, as long as you preside over the see, and that the aforesaid persecution continues, from all jurisdiction, domin- ECCXESUSncAL HISTORY OF IKELAND. jg- Osscy «; a„ai° n ' ,1 ''"^"'"■•, "^?» ^'^ "'"P'ed, and tl.o see of •..0 o,.iso„p., p,u.e ."S?^:; tv :nr„; lix,. r r-- mission to demolKl. fl.-^^ i i . . ooiainecl the king's per- .na,e,.Ia,s i„rc , TjZ JuT' '".« T'"' »"^ ™>.*'/.l.e «.«l,al, and patt „.|v 1^! , " '"'""""' ""^ '"'"'■■"'d the ea- Join of Tatenale, an An. ^- ^ -. doctor of ccedod to the continent to acc.uire that eccleJas L 1 !\ t ^'"^ '"" sary in the minister of the alar h« .u r. ^^"^^^vled^^ neces- «ecularcoIlem.ofI)owa f "^^ '"' ^^^^""''« '» ^''^ ^sh the close of ?:iiz b ^r^i. ■' r T"'"' '" ''' ""^'"' ^-"^^^^' «>'out in the diocese oTc^^Z"^ ;,;:''"''"'""•' ^ ''-'--'"^ o 01 i/ssory, with firmness and al)ilifv U;- 11 leaminp: M-ere .non appreciated and „ u ! "^""' '*"'* marks of esteem bv the c«r 1 "' ^"""'*'^'' ^••^'' P^<^<'''r From the death of llnnas it I i ['V''"""?"^ ^'" ^"""^^''• vaoant dnrin, a ,erlod of sev t^; l^ ' t ^ • ''''"'' '"""•"'""^^ I'aul v., it was determined t)J ^ , oonsistory, held under "-7. " ■•'™i'-.* :;-.:::::;:"::: ™: ':;";'" r '^" - -^ of the Irish church David 1? Ji ^'''^''""' Vera lio, protector po«,„o„ of ,he „,.,. J „2t:; V rrrKi':"- """", """ i" 168 ECCLE8USTICAL HISTOET OF lEEL/ND. dieted tho city of Kilkenny, because the supreme coancil had agreed to the peace, contrary to the commands of the nuncio. However it is certaui, that the treaty of 16i8 received his approbation, and that he then dec ined put^.ng th. sentence of interdict into execution, a circum- Btance which evoked the interference of lliomas Fleming, archbishop of Dublin. In his ofecial cop^munication the archbishop exhorts, nay, commands lun to cause the censure to be observed, both in his ow-n ca^ tiiedral and in all the churches of his diocese. • Tlie character of David has been deservedly eulogised by everal eminent M-ritors. Usher acknowledges himself indebted to the bLshop ot Ussory, lor information on various eabjects, and styles him "a most ddigent enquirer into the antiquities of his country; and Messingham declares, that ho was versed in all sorts of leaming-an eloquent orato, a subtle philosopher, a profound divine, an eminent historian, and a 8har]) reprover of vice. > ^ *« « This venerable prelate did not survive the overthrow of the supreme council. He died in the year 1650, and in the 87th of his age. David has written se\eral works. James Phelan succeeded David Eoth ; was bishop in 1.389, when dames H. arrived there. Is mentioned in the registry act. James Daton or Dalton succeeded; was bishop in 1711. Malachy Delany succeeded. ..„Jt;"'"f'f'''° T;f'!^''^- ^" '^'' "'tervening yeai-s, from 1711 to 1 <30_, Malaohy and Patrick have presided, but the terms of their respec- tive mcumbencios are not known. Cohnan O'Shanghnessy, of the most noble family of Gort, and a Dominican friar, succeeded in 1730. He was a native of Gal way oounty, and an inmate of the abbey of Athenry. He completed his f^tudies at Lou vain, and there became professor in the year 1 70(i IJeinir Avoll qualified f„r the mission of Ireland, he returned to his native country, and preached with great effect in many part« of the province <»t Connaught. Ho was declared bishop of Ossory by Clement XH aiuU'as consecraled at Dublin, in a convent of nuns of his own order' by John IJnegnr, archbishop of Dublin, assisted by Stephen MacEgan! bishop of Meat!., and Michael MacDonagh, bishop of Kihnore As tho family of ()'Klm,.glmessy a.Ihere.I to the fortunes of James II., the prince of Orange conferml the patrimonial estat.vs r,n Thomas J rcndergast, during tlio lives of Koger and William O'Shau-dmessv On the death of the latter, Cohnan, though a bishop, institute^l a si.U at law, as the rightful heir to the property in the court of common pleas. I he suit was continueo afb-r the death of the bishop, against I'rendergast Who, being a senator and u Protestant, continued in pcmsession to tho ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0EY OF IKELAND. Jgg injury of the Catholic heir. Colman died at Gowran, a town of his di Thomas de Burgo, a doininican friar, n.aster of sacred theoloc^y and ZTTT C'«"^ent'8, m Rome ; being only in tlie 16th year of liis Sett wZr r; "" ;'r"'"^'- "^ «^"^'^^ ^^^^-P^^^ -^er John year n 74 ^'^ ^^"' ''""" "^ '^''' "'^ ^'•^^^-'^^'^ ^''^"^ ^^ ^ve I'l , ! ''"''"" '■^""™^^ *« 1'-^^^^"^' h« was appointed a mission- tZr of Min " n "' ^"'""- ^"'^^"^'^ '^ ^"^^-' *'^^ -'«^-ted au The apostoh-cal letto,-s to this effect having been expcllted, T^.omas de Burgo was consecrated in the chapel of the Do.ninicLnunsat D o^ ^:^X:'''ft^ '^'•^''''^p "^'^'--^'^ assisted by ilttf; to nrovido Vn. ^ ' -^^ *^'^ ''""« •>'««'• the pontiff, to p.oMde for Ins con,pctont maintenance, bestowed upon him St t^'iTS ;: 1 -^ ^^^^^^'^^'''-'T -• ^»-- of ossork and ::hic ^ also held by h,s predecessor, James Dunne, a n.ode of provision winch has been s.nce hand.d down as a custom in the dioceses of Irdand ot no eff ct, because James Dunne, the pre.lecessor of Thouuts de Burgo .ad conter,.d on him the said parish of St. Mary. The affair m1 laS before the congregation of the propaganda by Pairick MuUov, an raft r ome n>on hs .t was decided that the collation n.ade by James dZo l>..l.op of Ossory, was of no effect, and that Thon.as de Burgo Ma^^ by npostohcal authority, the incun.bent or possessor of the p^risl No^ -t,sfied with this decision, Mulloy appealc^d U. the pontiff'! ,f,b he W.S agam to, ed, and the ,„..tion set at rest by a pontitical dip fa ulty of col atn,g a par.sh to a clergynuvn, which has been prlvionsly corrferred on Imnself by the holy see. The reader will find s eh a oa<; occurnng „. the .hoccse of Ki„ala. between Dr. O'Finau and tl o Z John Binrett, of Crossmolina. In irt).3 the "Ilibernia Donn-nica" procee.led from the press and tbougl. Cologne waa the city in which it w.. set forth as prl,;::,; 7l 170 ECCLESIASnOAL mSTOKY OK IKELAUD. honor belongs to Kilkeniij. Such a work must have excited the bigotiy • of those in the ascendency, and an outcry was raised against it because it exhibited a fearless outline of the sufferings which the heretics of England inflicted on the Catholic church of Ireland. At length the bishops of the province prompted by prudential motives, intended to hold a meeting at Kilkenny with a view of purging the work, but the firmness of de Burgo himself rendered the meeting impracticable, as he protested against it on the ground of its being an invasion of his ca- nonical rights. Tlie project was therefore abandoned ; some refused to attend. The bishop of Ferns, on his way to Kilkenny being made ac- quainted at Eoss with the resolve of ITiomas de Burgo, changed his in- tention and retraced his steps. The prelates of Munster, however, as- sembled at Thurles, and expunged a small portion of the work, merely an extract from Porter's Ecclesiastical Annals, relative to the proceed- ings of James II. To the incessant research of this bishop the literature of Ireland is deeply indebted, and to his firm resolve against the timid proceedings, which the bishops of Leiuster intended to adopt with regard to the " Ili- bernia Dominica," are the terrific records of the pei-secntion of the Irish church preserved from destruction ; of a persecution without parallel in the annals of crime anu oppression ; in duration the longest that any country has suffered; in violence the most unrelenting; in its conse- quences the most awfully appaling ever inflicted on a portion of God's church. The learned Tliomas de Burgo govenied his diocese with honor to himself and benefit to religion, until the year 177(5, in which he died, lie was interred in the ancient cemetery attached to the parish chapel of St. John, in Madlin-street. John Thomas Troy succeeded the venerable de Burgo ; was transla- ted to Dublin in 1786. John Dunne succeeded to th« see in 1787. James Lanignn succeeded i 811. Kyran Marum succeeded — died in 1828. William KinscUa, who had been professor in the college of Carlow, was consecrated on the 2f5th of July, 1829 ; was distingm'shed as an em' inent ju-eacher. He died in 1S4(). Edward Walsh, the present bishop of Ossory, was consecrated in July 1840 ; is remarkable for his unwearied attention in the sacred-tri. bunal of penance. ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOBT OF lEELAOT. xn CHAPTER XIX. SEE OF FERx\S-ITS FOUNDER. wasX^Tr::;r'l,r^;^' ^^f °^' - ^-^- ^^^^ ^-^ name ing of the race of Aulai in Tyrawlev 2! T' ' '"''^^^ ^«- without having issue Thev fiCl nH ' "^ '' ' ^""« '''"« «^«™'«d ten to their myo:\r^^::'iy'^'' *'^^ ^.'--^'^t, to hs- visiting the n^onastery of Dn„„^^ hH^j ' "^ "^" !" ^'^ ^^^'^ of At length their pious prayers we e W V TT '^"'^'"' "^""• Maidoc was bon. on a sn/all s tl f ^ ''''"'^ '"' "'^'^ «"^- S^^^t Cavan. (The terrL;rw W '^"c^^^^^^^^^^^ ^» ^'\« --y of naught called Bretfny Oreilly.) ' ^'''^'" "^' ^•^^- Tlie time of liis birtli was about tlie vpnr ^rn fact that when a small boy he was! o T ' f '^i''^'-" ^'^m the the chiefs of the tather'sl^ ^^ t ^j e^'-^'^^ ^>-^'^^- -^-n Ireland, and whose reign'be.an in 5^8 ' ^'ve Ann.irac«s,ldngof When he returned to his pa?e ts 1. ' '^ "^ ''''^^ y^'' '*'■ some holy men f,.r hV ]„". ' 7, ''"''^"'^ ^"'" '' '^^ ^^^e of piety as iell as in L" 1 r ;^;,:"tt « ^^^" ^^ ^ P^^^'-t ia tity became so conspicuou. ha^s^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^"^ ^^^"^"^'- ^--nc join him in his exercises of devo Ln Lj ''"'r. "T" '"'"^^ "^ Saint, too lunnble to accent ofsuTl^t- . "' ^"' ^'^"■^''«^- ^he portunity arisl„. fron. the de i^ 1 ft 1 " ""' "'"^ '' ""'"''^ ^^ "- Menevia, in W^l., the I;^:;:^^^ ^^^ ^^^ -^ -Pai'^d to t ity became celebrated. About the ye r 5sf L I ?; "' ^"^ ^"" vid's, and having landed in the county of Wo f ? *''"" ^'^ ^''■ nt Ardlathnm, i„ the southern .^Uato^;'' T ""'^"' "^ ^''""^ ed another at Clonumre in tie ba n/or Zt "7,"" "'^" "^^^■ Atthere,uest...n.S:::^rrrZt^^^^ llll 172 ECCLEBUSTTCAt IIKTOBY OP IRELAND. to the cl,g„ ty of an archb..l,opnc-not such as now canonically exists but so.eth>„g „a the shape of preeo^inence arising from the dignitrrnd uctuy, and the cWter of the individual (such as St. FicdC of'siet. of T ^ rr ^f'^/'^"^"^ ^^^''^'P^ «-"«d metropolitans of Connaught. of Lomster, hough it is certain neither province enjoyed the t-'tle uU the synod held at Kells in 1152, under Cardinal PapaJo. The title wl priLr '''''"^'' "" '' """" ''■''" ''"^'"^'^ ''^••^"S^^ *'- ^•— of Tl.e memory of St. Maidoc or Aidan is highly revered in Wes and r;"^^ ''-' ''-'' ^"^^^"^^^ '^ ''-■ ''^ ^^-» on the 3i:of Dachua or Mochua Luachra, a native of Munster, abbot, and ite of St. Ma.doc ,t .s stated, that being about to cross a certain ford l>e Ba.d to his charioteer, that the person who would open for them the' entrance to it, would sit in his see after hiu.elf. A number of 1 1 's who were there amusing themselves near the ford, and amon! d2 was Mochua, who ran and opened the passage to the ford, as soo^ L tl" samt came up He then said with great humility to the saint : " O hdy njanof God I w.^h to go with you and live under your discipline" The samt a.kn,g h,m whence he was, and what his name, he replied I am from Muuster and of the people who inhabit Luachra, and my name :s Cronan. The saint then said, "henceforth you sluUl Le caS Mochua Luachra; come, then, and follow me." Accordingly Mochua went with the saint, and remained with him until his deatlf^ His p <^ gress m p,ety a.id learning was so great, that St. Maidoc appointed him as l„s succeeso in the see of Ferns. Mochua died in the year 65^ His festival is -. ..served on the 22d of June. Tu.^noc succeeded as abbot and ],ishop of Ferns, and died in 6S2 Maldogar, bishop of Fonis, died in 677. Dirath succeeded, and died about 691, Saint Molingus or Dairchill, was a native of Hy-Kinsellagh, and his descent has been traced to the royal house of Leinster. lfa;ing em! braced a monastic life, he founded a monastery, called after hi.n Wh- Moling, near the Barrow, in the county of Carlow. He governed ^ e rtilto? 7^'^'",' '""' "'' ^""'^"""^' ^«J""™-^ Ht Glendaloch tint 691, when he was consecrated bishop of Ferns He was .tyled archbishop m virtue of the precedence which King Ih-andubh conferred on the see of Ferns. He succeeded in induciu-rFinacta, monarch o Ireland, to remit the tribute of oxen, which had so hcuvilv pre sod on the province of Lemster for a considerable time. It is also stated thu^ EOCLraiASnCAL MTOHT »r DKLATO JJg land. ^ ''"^ ''^ *^^ ^^^i"- prophets of Ire- Killen, his successor iu the see, died A D 714 Arectacius Mac Cuana^h, bishop of Ferns, died in 7^7 A -a I^Mgme, comorban of Ferns, died A.D 973 Demod 0'B„di„„„, by,„p „f p„„,^ „^, ,__-j Mail: d;:d?„'ro"r '""' ''■■*°" °^ ^^™' -^ --•'- -^ a Melisa O'Cathan. f, 8'" OCatl.lan, called successor of Maidoc died in i.™ n .nus. have ,.si«„ed long Mbre hi, death. Tl,e Jl „f » ,f t ^', hsbops are s„,„e.i,„o s,„„n,,„o„. in .he annals of Id Ihl however, an ureertaintv nni^^o *i ^ . "t-i'Uia, ihere is, Tl,o nan,;, of U e Xt J tls ITf '"" " f '"^ "' '^^"'^■ abbey. ""' "'" '"' B'"™ "!'«" "■eating of the is eatrtisr>ro?;si;':L"7 °'!t r-' "■"'^ ^•-- ^^^ B"..;.von. u-is ^c..:.:riT.i:;:,rrro:^::di:'r,:r-'- tooblam a surrender of the castle of Oarri- in 1171 or ,r T," W,ng, by n,.anifest ,,e,J„ry. 1„. a,e charge ^a „e ^i eT, 1185, and ,va, buried, it is said, in Wexford. "'' '" Albinus 0"fiil]ov, succefMlpfl in ne^ j predecessor, styled bi hop of Wel^^ "^J someti.nes, as his Bolveatthotimetochanietl.eLe tolto^^^ 'a^ ''"' '""' ''■ Baltinglass. After tl,e dea of St T ^^ ,'"""' ^^''"^^ "^'^«* «^ confon^d on an En-. L. n Jo I! P T'' *'" '''^ '' ^"^''» ^^^ Join, Cun,irae"'™,lTer "'"■"■" ""»'""-■'»<> ™ this -veral yea.', son.e sii, , t^Z:;:^T T """ "1 """"' '" 174 ECCLEfiUSTICAL mSTOKT OF mELAND. Ill n on the decease of La^vrence, seized on and collected the episcopal revenues. ^ John Cumin, the first Englislunan wlio ever sat in an Irish see, and representing tlmt class of Britons who were so zealous of reform in the Irish church, resolved to signalize his episcopacy by some memorable act of pastoral care and solicitude. "A provincial synod afforded hina Buch a facdity, and it was accordingly held about the middle of Lent H85, in the cathedral of Christ church. The decrees of which were of a disciplinary character, and most of them had been al- ready sanctioned by long usage or ratified by positive enactments in former synods, of the Irish prelates. On the fii-st day of meeting the archbishop himself preached on the sacraments, as is usually the case to open the business by a sermon. On the second day Albinus O'Mulloy, then abbot of Baltinglass, delivered a powerfiU and impressive discourse on the subject of clerical continence ; in the course ot his observations the learned preacher dwelt on the unsullied charac- ter of the Irish priesthood, and in terms of grief and indignation in- veighed most bitterly against the English and Welsh clergy who had come over to Ireland: upbraided them with having polluted the altars of his country by their filthy and abominable crimes, and in tear« of anguish assured them, that crying scandals of this sort wore unlieard in the Irish church, until aliens and adventurei-s had been authorized to come amongst them. Albinus, by his just censures, produced the desired effect. Scarcely had he descended from his pulpit, when those English ecclesiastics began to recriminate and accuse eacli other each one asserting more criminality in the other, and thus publicly exposina themselves to the contempt and scorn of the Irish clergy. Kumbers o^f' them were convicted, and suspended by the archbishop, from ecclesias- tical functions, and from the enjoyment of their benefices. Good and gracious God I why allo^^ this profanation of a sanctuary so pure and unsullied ? lliough impiety may, in its momentary career, tarnish the beauty of religion, it is not to be screened from public censure. Ilonco it is, that the inspired penmen in recording the crime, in b,)d relief, place before the reader the punishment thereof, in order to guard us against its dan- gerous and pernicious influence,-if then the scribes and pluirisoes sit in the chair of Moses, we are exhorted by the Eedeemer himself not to imitate their vicious example. God himself obeys with equal promptitude, tlie voice of the bad as of tne good priest, because the power is the same— the burden and the dignity similar. If some among the dispensers of God's mysteries have been dissolute, their excesses are more than recompensed by the virtues KCCLKSUSnCAL HI8TOKY OF IREI,AND. 175 and merits of others wlio lead an exerrmlarv Hfo T., .w lue V/liurcli, moreover, o-nidprl Uxr th^ • ,. "'^iHuon, vtae winch endearlrLv^^T'' f"'™'^ '■'■"'""■•-'■' « '1"" Btanda-d amidst tl.e conflicts of life «nrl l i ' '''"'-y ^"' Moo,,, e..e„a .,.e <.o„,.ti;'t';w:^:;; i:-::- ^'t,.-'' tl.e Ull,e, of ,I,e „,.,,|,a„, |„e piotoctor of the opprosgcti mi , . tatoo. ,1.0 poor a„d ,1,0 i„,,ijo,.,-,o,K,o„ l,"/rtrn;-t!f M^e and dcvoM to Ihei,. „„„„ „,„, „oeo.i,le. ":,::' Of 1,„ „„e, 01 k„ talo,,,,, of „,„,„ .;',1, ,, V a.ci.,e Of h. a^r crrir^^^^^^^^^^ -'I-'- ins brow adorned with tho io ""'' avertible. L. his umneanin, dis.la,, 0::;fl^:Z:::^ I i^l ire ECCLESiASnCAL HISTORY OP IBELAND. as well as hus ignorance of the ecclesiastical antiquities, manners and customs of the Irish people. With all his prejudices, the force of truth elicited the acknowledgment tiiat the "clergy of Ireland were very commendable for religion ; among other virtues, which distinguish them they excelled and were preeminent in the prerogative of continence, and likewise, said he, they attend regularly and vigilantly to the psalms and hoiu-s, to reading and prayer, and remainin- within the y jcincta of their cuurehes, do not absent themselves from the divine offices to the cf • bration of which they have been appointed. They also " continued Gerald, " pay great attention to abstinence and sparin-meig of food, so that the greatest part of them fast almost every day until dusk, and until the/ have completed all the canonical oiMces." Tlie chastisement which St. Lawrence O'Toole had been obhVed to mflict on the English clergy for their incontinence and scandalous deport- ment with no unsparing liand, was not calculated to check the evil • they still poured into Ireland, and each party, as they landed, seemed to vie and outrival the preceding one in open profligacy and debauchery. If such scandalous demeanor pervadeu generallv tlie clergy of En^'and in the beginning of the sixteenth century, we "ca. easilv account°for the universal defection from the foitli that took place, and for the little re- sistance to the schismatical proceedings of Ileiiiy VIII. The unsuccessful debut of Gerald Barry on this impoiLant occasion contributed to check the haughty and domineering temper of this sacer- dotal reviler of a nation. Though anxious to decorate his brow with a mitre, he refused the vacant see of Ferns, which his patron. Prince John had oftered, and soon after returned to his own country— inoniiied by tlie_ disgraceful conduct of his countrymen, and the public exposure of their crimes. A strong hand being necessary to extirpate such an evil; and as several of the English ecclesiastics became located in the diocese of Ferns, it was the anxious wish of the native clergy and of Archbishop Cumin, to select an Irishman of zeal and firmness to preside over it Albinus having already exhibited proof of his ability in grappling with such a difficulty, was chosen, and having been accordingly consecrated commenced that salutary reform, by which the English priests were taught the practice of Irish discipline and Irish morality. Having had to institute proceedings against William, earl of Pem- broke and earl man,hal of England, who seized on certain manoi-s, which belonged to the see of Ferns from time immemorial, and which were set apart for the maintenance of the poor, and who added them to his already extensive est:..es. Against such an us-vpation of the pro- perty the bishop remonstrated; his su' was a fa .are, as no tribunal ECCLESUSTICAI, msrOKY OF KELAOT). flT 177 buildings he erected, and of the privileges which he procXd for hi! reserving a ,oarI, rent of ten sUL.g. p.^rj ^^^t t tf Zl cessors. Having governed his see about twenty-one years withll. credit and integrity, he died in the year 1243 ^ ' ^ '^' Ppr^''^'"'^ f :, f "^"' *' ^'°*''^^ «^' ^^'^ predecessor and official of i^ems, su. 'eeded him in the vear 1040. . i,« , „ . , , ^^ '^^ the cfltl.Prlr I .f T- • , . ' "^^ ^^^'^ ^^e» treasurer of the cathedral of Lnner-ck, and escheator ot Ireland before his promr tion to the .ee. Before his death he petitioned Pope Alex^nderTv agamst Fulk,. archbishop of Dublin, for burdening 1 i n wUl tllrLt retmue in his visitations, which was not warranted\y t lo:/cfl: Lateran council and through which he was obliged l incur W e" penses h. . the income of his diocese would permit ; the Pope '^ nt' d . u a hcense not to receive the archbishop Jth grelter nunir: i^ nail ,lian rtie ciinons allowed, Hugh (le Lampert, treasurer of Ferns, ivas elected in low .„j eoase.,ated the s„„,e ,ear. Ho i, reckoUd a™ g ae" kel"?! the^abbe, of St. Alban's. i„ a„a„d. He died ^i, .he aSd of MaJ; ceedrfttg: ^;::"'™'>'"". '--of *» eatWral of K ,„e, ,„„. I year ms ' »"d ""'r^"*'' «'= f»"»w">« j™.'. He d ed i„ -He^a:r4rt,:j;:rj-^^^^^^^ — - - - died''iritlf™'"''S' ""'"''''"' '° ""*•""'' '"»-"»« to June- «iea m tlie loUowmg September, ' Robert Walrand, succeeded in ISOi). Governed the .o« „i , • yea. and died at Ferns, on the 17th of J^ovenXT! Hn '''"^ ^" bishtp Tf Lt;n\lt\^"T'n^^ ''''^ ^'^ —ted MaclL to th?d ^""^;^ .^""^^'^>'- I^« api-ropriated tho church of ^agass to the deanery ot his cathedral on the 2t)th of October 134H Wlnlo .darn sat, Ferns and its castle were plundered, and sett fire b. 178 ECCLESIASTICAL IIISTOEY OF IBELAND. ¥ tiie Irisli, who nre called by English writers rebels. He adhered to Edward Bruce, on his arrival in those parts, and to Robert his brother lor which he was called to account for his treason in furnishin-. provi- sions, men and arms, to the invaders. ° • Hugh de Saltu, so called from the place of his birth, at Leixlip, near the Salmon-leap, on the Li%, prebendary of St. Patrick's, Dubhn, was consecrated in that city on Passion Sunday, 1347- 1- was deprived before the end of the year by the Pope, who alleged that he had reserved to himself the provision to ihe see of Ferns. Geoffrey Grosseld, doctor of divinity, and an Augustin hennit, sue- ceeded by provision of Pope Clement VI., and was consecrated at Avignon, 1347, and died in the following year, October the 22d, of the plague, which was very fatal both in England and Ireland. John Esmonfl, was consecrated about the end of 1349, and was soon after deprived by the Pope. John determined ro hold the bishopric by force, or hinder his successor from the possession of it. In his resistance .18 was supported by William Furlong, and twenty-six othe.^, who pre- vented the sheriff from enforcing the writ, connnanding him to remove all force from the church uid diocese of Ferns. Soon afYor, John Estnond was arrested, and obliged to give bail for keeping the peace and to abide the jud.ument of the king's bench, on an indictment pre-' f erred against him. William Charnells, a monk, was provided to the see by the Pope, in 1350, a.Hl obtained the temporals. When the Qjistle of iVrns was taken by the Irish rebels, he, in pors..n. headed a jiarty ..f his servants and de- pendents, and putting the assailants to flight, recovered his castle. lie mt about twelv: yeai-s, and was a short ti.ne treasurer of Ireland. Ho died in July, 1362. aiiotnas Den, archdeacon of Ferns, was consecrated on Trinity Sun- day, 13(!3, and sat upwards of thirty-seven yeai-s. He died in u very advanced age, in August, 1400. Patrick Barrett, an Augustin canon of Kells in Ossory, succeeded, A.D. 1400. Ho was, by command of the Pope, consecrated nt Rome! lie was f..r a time chancellor of Ireland, and exercised that ollico with ;,reat ability. He appropriate.! the church of Ardc.len to the aooev of Saints Peter and Paul, at Selsker, near ^^^.xford. Patrick died in IXo- venilier, Ulrt, and was buried in iho abbey of Kells. Robert Wliittey, chanter of l-Vrns, was promoted to the sop by Pope Martin V., in 141(1. Ho aj.propriatod the church of Ardkevin to the ttbbey at Selsker, and «lie.l in \4:,H. He was be.iridden almost ten years before hi« death. He ha<'1'»1"»« bora i„ ,|,„ ,„„ rc!tiuiK.d to I,i, nativo ritv l,n „,,. , ■'^ ,""""'• ^oon after having ■"olecl to tl,i, i,„p„„„„, „|, ' i, i '.™ '•"T' "'"' "■'"■" I'™- l.« wo. far „dva„o,.,, ,•„ „fX2^ JT'"""^ ''"" "' '"''*■• '■'" «.«„ of w,.,bt,,, wi„K, Ji,i„7o :„':::•,•,: ;; ';,"*"' -' ""■ """'"•'!» »'"' -Ji.0.1. tl,at were „„„■,.,,; '"' l""''"""' "•■■•"« '1.™ in ti,e pri,„„ of ,™;z ,,':;■'';!■',;''". '""""■'■■« j-™™- never ,l,r„„k fro.n an,- proper I, l,!r ' "' ""'•"" ''"l"'. I« i"— .e.lne., „„„ lean i:^ , a Th 7,-:' 't""™' "" ' ' ''»■ i 180 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF JEEI.AND. board. It is a mistake to suppose that the nuncio Rimiccini was tlie deliberative head of the assembly. His office, as nuncio, gave him pre- cedence, but in reality he suggested no plans to the supreme council. In January, 1643, the synod of the Irish clergy was held in Dublin. On the 10th of that month, Nicliolas impeached the conduct of General Preston, who then shared the command of the Catliolic forces with Owen Hoe O'Neil, and moved his suspension from the command, but the motion was not put, and the meeting was broken up in confusion. Tlie ishop of Ferns sav in Preston a traitor, vvhom the clamor of his friends liad unfortunately rescued from disgrace. As the councils of the Catliolics were lamentably deficient in that unity of sentiment and of action, which alone are f alculated to ensure success in national movements, the great genius of Nicholas French and the other patriots, who were animated witli a love of country and of creed, could accomplish but little, while Preston and his interested associates were playing off their treacliery against the real interests of the kingdom. In 1047, Nicholas French and Sir Nicliolas Plunket were despatched to the friendly com ts of the Continent, in order to explain to them the designs, means, and the relative positions of the Catliolics of Ireland, and the cause of tlie non-agreement existing between them and Charles. When again it was resolved to hold a synod at Jamestown, in August, 1C4S, Nicluilas attended, not only as bishop of Ferns, but also na proxy to Archliishop Fleming, of Dublin, who was then ill. Again, when anotiier eftbrt was made to save the country, Nicholas French puts to sea, in prosecution of his own })hm, to treat with any Catholic prince, state, republic, or person, tor the preservation of the Catholic religion and nation. The terms of the commission with which Bishop French was then entrusted, were kept secret ; it liore the signatures of the leading confi'deri'tes— lay and clerical — who were siill in tho country. A Catholic prince, the duke of Lorrain, was the person with whotn this negotiation was carried on, at liis court of Brussels. Tlio fii-st net of his embassy was to interest the inter-nimcio Arnold!, then at Brussels, by whom Ni(;holas was well received, and through him recon- ciled to the court of Homo, which had been ofi'ended by tho circular on- forcing the peace of ir»48. The negotiation with tho Catholic ]»rinco having failed, and the work of destruction going on as jirosperonsly as its most ardent votaries could desire— the Catholics roi)bod, pluiHiered, massacred, and all those wliose blood tho sword of Cmmwell could not drink, driven to jjcrish or linger in tho wilds and morasses of Coiinaught : it would have boon imiirudent in Doctor Fn^nch to rottirn to tho jiiMd for which he lalMirt>d. As actior in the field or in the council was already iuellectually tried. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEt OF lEELAND. Jgl ^^ichola. French betook liiinself to his cabihet ih Brussels, there to di. gcst the woes of his country and to startle the ears of Europe with her songs of sorrow. He now resumed his pen, more cutting than the two edged sword, to punish Hia traitoi-s to his beloved Ireland, to refute the slanders of England, and to vindicate the cause of Catholic Ireland be- fore the world. A work, entitled "Hie unkind Deserter of Loyal Men and Tfue Friends " was published at Brussels, in which he attributes the defeat of his last mission thither, to the duke of Ormond, and the ruin of Ire- land by his proposing treaties to distract the councils of the confede- rates, and foment divisions amongst them, lest, in the event of their arms being successful, ho would be obliged to disgorge his plunder and badly-acquired wealth. The effect which the publication of this work produced on the public mind, and particularly on the Duke of Ormond, and his a.lmirers, may be inferred from the fact that the earl of Claren- don, then at Brussels witli Cliarlos IT. and Ormond, undertook to pub- lish a book in his own name, an.l to have it industriously circulated, with a view of preserving men's minds from being agitated by those in- fusions, and corrupted by misrepresentation ; but Clarendon evaded tho charges which wore directly made against the Duke of Ormond, by Ni- cholas Frcncli. lie was still at Loiivain, when the reply of Clarendon appeared. Tlie bishop had already commenced a work on the same subject, the preface of which lo.ie was printed, and also published at Louvain ; it is called the " Bleeding I{)higenia." Paris was tho next destination of our bishop, and there ho was ap- pointed coadjutor to tho archbishop of the Frcncii capital. Charles Stuart reached there soon after, on whom Nicholas waited, but was refused admission to the presence of liis majesty, for whose throne, as M'oll as tlie altai-8 of his own fuith, ho had labored so much, until the hopes of Ireland wore bl»stoi.)iKi and against the word of God to main- tain, that any private subject may kill or murder the anointed of God. 184 ECXJLESUSTICAL HIBTOEY OF IRELAND. [P his prince, though of a different belief or religion from his. And we abhor and detest the practice thereof, as damnable and wicked. « Tliese being tlie tenets of our religion, in point of loyalty and sub- mission to your majesty's commands, and our dependence on the see of Eome no way intrenching upon that perfect obedience, which by our birth and by all laws, human and divine, we are bound to pay to your majesty, our natural and lawful sovereign. We humbly beg, prostrate . at your majesty's feet, that you would be pleased to protect us from f ho severe persecution we suffer, merely for our profession in religion: leaving tliose that are or hereafter shall be guilty of other crimes (and there have been such in all times, as well by their writings as by their actions) to the punishment prescribed by the law." In his letter of June, 1662, to Cusack, Doctor French expressed himselt ready to make any honorable terms with the viceroy, but goes no farther. In his second epistle to Walsh, from Santiago, dated Sep- tember, 1665, Doctor French enclosed one to the viceroy, in which he , proceeds to say : " A great fortune betits a great mind, and great cle- mency befits both," and quotes from Seneca, "That many punishments are as disgraceful to a statesman as many funerals to a physician." He hopes, that « with Cjesar's power, Ormond possesses Ciesar's generosity." " I do not say this to tickle or flatter your grace's ears, for this is not my custom, who have (as is well known) offended more by speakiii<^ truth than by flattering." He concludes by observing tlmt he il afflicted witli many bodily complaints, and intends drawing nearer to Ireland to wait his grace's reply, A letter from Peter Walsh, on his part, and that of the Duke, dated March, 1666, mtbrms the bishop, among other things, that ho should write a more submissive letter, relative to the affaire of Jamestown, and other public transactions, and intimate a " total change of iudg. rnent in all these matters." And tlio false friar insolently adds : " And I must tell yon, there is no command of God on you in the case, nor any necessity incumbent on yoa of preaching or teaching here person- ally to your flock;" and consoles tiie bishop with the assurance, that the duke of Ormond thinks him "a good man, a good priest, and a good bishop, without guile and witlwut cheat." The bishop rejoins from the seaport of San Sebastian, May the 10th, 1666. Tiiat he had moved hither from Santiago, " much to the grief of the archbishop," confident in the result of his letter to Ormond. IIo refu8e4 to write a more submissive letter, and promised to write more lully from Paris. The letter he sent in a little Spanish vessel, in which he would have " ventured," were ho not deterred by the humiliatini? prouoaal that had been made. BCCLESIASTICAL HI8T0EY OF ISELAND. 185 Li his letter from Paris, according to promise, dated July, 1G66, he ^ays to Peter Walsh : "Do me the favor and the right to show this letter to his grace." « It appearing to me that I cannot satisfy my con- science and ^he duke together, nor become profitable to my flock at heme, noi- live quietly and secure-his aug^r not being appeased— you may know hereby, that I am resolved after dog-days, to go to Louvain and there end my days, where I began my studies." ' Thus was terminated the correspondence of Nicholas French In fulfillment of his word, he repaired to the cloister of St. Anthony, at Louyam. Within a year were scattered over the continent his tracts : Ihirty sheets of Reasons against the Remonstrance,"—" The due Obe- dience of Catholics,"-and a "Dissertation justifying the late War." He next directs his attention to the conduct of the Stuart dynasty, and lays bare their iniquity towards Ireland, in his book of the "Sale and Settlement of Ireland." While the framei-s of the bill, from the hum- blest to the highest, are made to feel the lash, he then deals with the then occupant of the throne : " It will be difficult to pei-suade tliose who were not witnesses of the fact, that the royal authority of a Christian king, which in one part of his dominions maintained the peer in his dignity, the commoner in his birthright and liberty,-which protected the weak iro.n the oppression of the mighty, and secured the nobility from the influence of the people~and by which equal and impartial justice was distributed to all, should at the same time be made use of m another part of his dominions to condemn innocents before they were heard, to confirm unlawful and usurped possessions, to violate the public luith, to punish virtue and countenance vice, to hold loyalty a crime and treason worthy of reward ; in a word, to exempt so many thousands of faithful and deserving subjects from a general pardon, which by a mercy altogether extraordbiury, was extended to some of the murderei-s of Ins royal parent." While at Louvain, Bishop French filled some of the most important of the college offices; he also established a bourse for his diocese of J^erns, which he endowed in per|,etuity with the sum of one hundred and eiglity florins per annum. Some time after, desiring to return to the sphere for whidi he had been consecrated, he was, either at the sug- gestion of a friend <.r the court of Rome, appointed coadjutor to the archbishop of Ghent, where he continued till his death, A D 1G78 August the 2.3d. ■ ' > Tlius ended the career of an exiled Irish patriot, who liad been em- bassador to four different court^-who had ruled with episcopal power m four different countfics— who ^ . -- the iifo and soul of the Catliol 10 186 ECCLE8IAPTICAI. HI8T0BY OF IKELAOT), confederacy of his country, and one of the best among the Christian bisliops of his age. As an author he must have been formidable, as a Clarendon entered the lists with him ; and as at a time when Europe was engaged in the greatest affairs, and when her greatest men of the age were actively em- ployed on the theater of war or peace, he forced on the general atten- tion, by the strength of his writings, the fortunes of Ireland. Yet no writer has been dealt with more unmercifully than Nicholas French. By one writer he is called " a waspish prelate," by another, " an incen- diary," another declares him " seditious," and Harris, otherwise impar- tial and candi i, is still more offensive to his character. His epitaph supplies an answer to his adversaries : — II i D. 0. M. SISTE, VIATOR, AUDI, LEO^', LtTOE, JACET HIC ILLUSTEISSIMUS AC PHSSIMUS PaESUL, NICOLAUS FRENCH, FEBNENSICM IN HIBERNIA EPISCOPUS HUJIILIS. SACE^ PONTIFICIiE CAPELL^ COMES ASSISTEN8 8UPEEMI CONCILn HIBEENI^ CONSILIARIUS, AB EODEM AD INNOCENTIUM X. PAPAM, CUM AUCTOEITATE DEPUTATU8 ILLUSTKISSIMOEUM AC E. E. EPI8C0P0EUM IN OALLICIA, PAEISIEN6IS IN GALLIA AC DEMUM OANDAVEN8IS IN FLANDEIA COADJUTOE mpEli^SSUSj HEEESIAECHAEUM AC IlEEETICOEUM TAM VEItnO QUAM CAI-AMO PEOFLIOATOE ACEBEIMUS. COLLEOn PASTOEALIS HIBEBNOEUM LOVANH ALUMNUS, MAGI8TEE, PEASES, BENEFACTOB FUNDAIA IBIDEM BUE8A 180 FLOBENOEUM ANNUATIM IN PERPITTUUM PEO CAPACI0BIBU8 INGENHS. TANDEM EXULTATU8 8UI A DILECTIS, PATEIA, EP18COPATU ET GBEOE OB FmiCM ANNOsJS, PBJiSUL EMERITUS. '\^ EMEN8I8 I'RO ECCLE81A DEI INNUMEEI8 PEBICULI8 AC PEBSECUTIONIBUS, OUNCTie SEMPER OBATUS, OMNIBUS SPECTABILIS NON SINK MAGNO PATBTJ5 8U^ PBiEJUUICTO BONOaUMQUE 8U8PIR1I8 / J LACBYMI8, ECCLESU8TICAL HISTORY OF lEELAlO). Jg^ HOC MAKMOEE TEOITTTR, QUI VEKE FUTT ANIMO PONTIFKX, VEKBO ANQELTJ8, VITA 8ACERD08, OBOT GANDAVI IN METEOPOLI FLANDKUE, .ETATI8 ANNO 74, EPMCOPATUfl 3^ Luke Wadding, bishop of Ferns, in 1687. Michael Rossiter, bishop of Fenis, 1709. Bishop Verdon succeeded. Bishop Callaghan succeeded, 1729. Nicholas Sweetman, bishop of Ferns, died 1780. James Caulfield, bishop of Ferns, 1810. Patrick Ryan succeeded, died in 1819, James Keating, coadjutor to bishop Ryan, in 1818. Succeeded the 21st of March, 1819. Died univei^ally regretted about the close of 1849 or begmnmg of 1850. J^ his death the diocese of Ferns sustained the loss of an exceUent prelate-Ireland and her faith, a champion and Milesius Murphy, who was parish priest of Wexford and vicar- TTn .'Vt' "^'T'"' ""'^ ""^'^ ^^"PP^^^ P^««^^«^' ^^ consecrated on the 10th of March, 1850. 188 BCCLESIASTICAL HlflTOBT OF IBELAIOH CHAPTER XX. PROVINCE OF MtJNSTEB— ARCHDIOCESK OF CASHEL. St. Patrick having finished his mission at Ossory, proceeded with- out delay to Cashel, where tlie kings of the province usually resided. On approaching the city, it is related, that the king came to greet him, and having given him a welcome salutation, conducted the apostle to his court. Tne period assigned to the transactions of St. Patrick in Muuster is about the beginning of the year 445. The king, who tliuB cordially received the saint, is said to have been Aengus, the son of Natfraich, a prince, who has been for his zeal and piety highly com- mended by many ancient writers. Although his conversion cannot be controverted, yet his accession to the throne seems to belong to a later period, as tlie king Aengus was killed in the battle of Carlow, which was fought, according to the Four Mastei-s, A.D. 489, Aengus must have been then very young ; and it is probable that the prince or king of Cashel, who paid attention to St. Patrick, was Natfraich himself. Hiough he is not spoken of as a convert to the Christian faith, 'yet he might have shown this courtesy to the apostle, as a stranger of rank and one who was so particularly favored with the protection of Ilea /en, and have permitted him to preach the gospel to his subjects, as well as instruct his own children. However this be, Aengus was instructed in the faith, and on his accession to the throne, which he occupied thirty- six years, became highly instrumental in spreading the faith throughout Munster. Tlie celebrated anecdote of the prince's foot having been pierced by the staff of St. Patrick, it seems, did not occur in the^act of baptism, as the sacred rite was then administered by immei-sjn ; but rather when the saint was imparting his blessing to Aengus, who ap- proached too closely to the apostle in his desire to obtain such a favor. Tlie prince, when asked by St. Patrick, why he hiul not given some in- dication of the pain he had felt, replied, that he submitted to the pierc- ing of his toot as a part of the ceremony, and accordingly bore it with patience. EOCLE8U8TICAL HI8T0KY OF IRELAOTJl. 180 St. Patrick, it is said, converted several other persona of distinction at Cashel, and after this prosperous beginning at head qnartere, set out for other regions of the province, pret^ching the gospel, baptizing new converts, reviving the faith of those who were ab-eady Christians, erect- ing churches, and appointing pastors. Hence we can legitimately infer, that St. Patrick had some precuraors in the southern parts, as there were Christians in Ireland before the arrival of St. Palladius, the predecessor of St. Patrick. It is said that a synod was then held at Cashel, and that certain re ^ Tlie first district which St. Patrick visited after his departure from Cashel, was seemingly the extensive and flat country between Cashel and Limerick. Here ha is said to have founded several churches, and to have left some of his disciples to preside at one of them, called Kill- fhcacla. Thence he went to the terr-'tory of Ava-Cliach (in the now counties of Tipperary and Limerick,) in a part of which, the barony of Coonagh, he was at first violently opposed by the dynast Olild, but in consequence of a miracle, which was in accordance with St. Patrick's orders to his disciples Ailbe and Ibar, obtained through their prayei-s, the dynast, his family and subjects arc s^id to have been converted and baptized. While the apostle remained in the territory of Ara-Cliach he foretold, we are assured in the Trepartite, various circumstancec rela- tive to future transactions in the country, and among others, the foun- dation of a monastery at Kill-ratl.a, and of a church at Kill-Teidhil. We next find the apostle in a tract lying to the east of Limerick, and where he was hospitably entertained by a chieftain of the name of Lonan, and there met the young Nessan, who is well known in the annak of the Irish church. Some of the inhabitants of North Mun ' i.....!.n^ f>i ,_.,. _, auicks vwir lo tneir viciiuly, crossed tho bhannon for the purpose of seeing him, and who, when instructed in the 190 BOCLE8U8TICAL HI8T0KT OF IRELAND. Christian religion, were baptized in the field of Tirglass. He was also waued on by Carthen, son of Blod, the prince of Lth Munr nd S:: ^' *«-^^f"-« of Thomond. Having ascended Mount bllT'-r''.^'"'"? "''''' """^ "'^'"^ '^' 'country of Thomond, ho bles ed ,t, and foretola the birth of St. Senanns, of Lmiscatha. Aker-" wards the samt went to Luachra, and while in that district he is said to We propheced, that the "great patriarch of n.onks and star of the Tw H Ir"''.'' ''™ - ^^-* ^"-ter, viz. St, Brendan, of the ru,o of Hua-Alta, and that his birth would be several years (twenty^ after Ins own death." It seems that he did not continue his course To any other part of West Munster, and turning back from Luach.: he directed h.s steps towards Desmond, or South Munster. CoPcerninj^ his ransactxons in this region we have nothing, even on which to found con- (wT::^ ^ '\ ^"^ ^^""^ ^'''^^^ '^'^ ««"tJ'«™ part of the Desii ivvaterfoi-d), and with the assistance of the chieftair, Fergar and his Tffai-^'of r': °«* ^^«-"* -"«J^ trouble, arranged tlie eccles-'astical kndly received by the inhabitants, and continuing tlience his jouiney through the now county of Tipperary, proceeded to lower Ormond, Munech and Meachair-their eldest brother, Fui.ch, remaining an ob- Btinate inhdel. Having now spent seven years in the southern province and people m multitudes, from all parts of the country, who wished to obtain his benediction, and which, from an eminence, he cheerfully bestowed on them, and on all Munster. ^ About the year 452, the apostle took his departure from Munster. ^roml7pT r, ?; ;:' '^ ^'^ ro-^astei. call him, Secundinus, whom St. Patrick had left to watch over the churches of Meath and fhe northern parts, was already dead, having departed this life on the 27th ot JVovemliPr Ad.fi o«ri ;„ ii.. i-^,i ,. , . of November, 448, and in the 75th of his age. He was a very wise and prudent prelate, and the first that died in Ireland. Having it is said, expressed disapprobation of the 'disinterestedness which St Pa- trick observed, in refusing donations or grant, of land, by which according to the views of Securdinn., h. rright support a large numbe; of holy persons; the saint havin;. .xplui.,d the ren.n. of his not ac- cepting of presents or grants ofl (...,,. f.v.,f,, .1 ,. . . «""'"« u. 8ter Tl.o «Po nf p" 1 1 ^"' ■.'•"^"•'"^' ^"^ "'•clnepi.eupai chair 0/ Mun- Btc. Ihe see of Cashel was founded in the tenth century, by Cormac 193 ECCLESIASJIOAI. HISTOKT OP IKELAWW. If MacCuHnan, in whose person the mitre and sceptre were united. Before the time of this prelate, Casliel, tliough tlie residence of the kings of Munster, was subject to tlie jurisdiction of the see of Emly. In the council of Kells, held in 1152, under Cardinal Pamro, Cashel was raised to the archiepiscopal dignity, and its prelate invested with the pallium ; it then ranked next to Armagh, and St. Malachy desired to have this mark of distinction, which the pallium conferred, bescowed on this see as well as Armagh. Cormac erected a cathedral in Cashel, which, according to the annals of the island of All Saints, was aftemards rebuilt, and conse- crated with great solemnity. Between the founder Cormac auj the council of Kells, only four of his successors are menciuned ; their acts and those of other eminent ecclesiastics having been completely de- stjt)yed. Cormac Mac Carthy was the refounder. Cormac MacC-linan was born in the year 8,17, and waa of the Eugenian branch, being lineally de cended from Aengus, who had been baptized by St. Patrick. Having received an ecclesiastical education under Snegdus, the erudite abbot of Castle Dermot, he was admitted to holy orders, and it seems, was after a certain period raised to the episco- pacy, on account of his extraordinary merit, as it was customary in tho Irish Church to promote persons who were distitiguii(/2, when Feongaine, son of Gorman, king of Cashel, was slain in a contest by hia own i.e.)ple, Cormac, the year aftiT, obtained tho thnme withoui oj^po- sitioii— and thus the si)iritual and tem])oral aiifhoritv were united in tho person of Cormac ; nor was such an union unkrl.".^^,. in his days, as Olehobair , who died in Sf.l, and Cinfel.Hl, who departed life in 872, were kings of iMuiister and bishojjs of Kndy. In the very commenoement of his ivign, and while Cormac wm ruling his kingdom in p-ace and tran.iuility, the monarch of all Iro- lun, Flan Sionua, together with Cearbhull, king of Leinster, marched with a powerful army into the dominions of CorniMc, and laid wasto the whole iemtorj- betweun Guwrun and Limerick. Ik'ing at the Cn.o ECCLKSIASTICAI- HISTORY OP lEKLAND. 193 obliged tic po" r„f ,,!'*'. "'"""T' "'™* C.,nn„„gl„r and ft ui^ pcopio ot tlmt province and somo nf fl,« a- n / . liostan^cs, after wl.ich tliey plundered to n \ Ir '' *^ ^'^^ fleet tlmt lay there and on fl n r T^" ''^ I^o„g],-Ree, and a Of Ireland ^L J; •^^Cr:::;:^ '■'"'"' ''- --^^-^ '■- king of Leinster C^ r kjJ " f"' ''' ' "'^'' *''« «■'» ^^ C^>-bhalI. wl.ieh he ha.l si-nied and ,,,/, ' / "^"^'^7 ^ -"''^'"^^^ ■ii^ucu, and riio liostaires lie lunJ fi<.i:.r„. i i =::ri;::ri:trri:: s:i:HP country, was constrained to l.ad hi. iW,o. toward. In ""'" meet the enemy, and give iIkmu battle Til T '," ""^''' '" within view of each other at Mn ■' , ^''""•'"^"'^' I'nnt. met n>.-oe« of Mnnster'::!;r;;l ^^^^^^^^ Th„ vari,.ii« ciiicfi. niid nU„ 1,, „ 7 , . "'■''' '""'"■ "n* !■■ ,.,„„.i, i» : ; I ;;:f "' "'° >"■""•'!■»' ""''■'".- n.. «bM P«nu.d ,1,; f„ J . ^:>,,: : "^- r^ '";''" '■'■■-«i ™-i-. "00,.,,,. .i«l -pirit „o,v„l„,, .; ' ,'"?■ '"''."l'l"I.V. "t tl". ponod,,. „,»^ 1 u,,a.„ore, It ,ir,gi,i„t,.d i„ ,1,„ ,,,„„,,, „,|,|, ,|^^, I, IH ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOKY OF IKELAND. Dane, and in wl.ich tlie clergy were of necessity involved as thev their es abhslunents agamst tliose savage and ruthless invaders. iiefore the engagement Cormac made his confession to Tn^ l it S;i!*^r, '■""'•"' ™™"' ='""■«'"»• »" ..( and Tuain are said to I, and archdeacons. On tho 196 Ecclesiastical histoky of ibeland. part of Henry were Ralpli, archdeacon of LandaflP, his chaplain, Ni- cholas, and some other ecclesiastics. Fii-st decree for the reformation of the abuses prevalent in the Irish church, and which the emissaries of England were so intent on reform- ing, " that cliildren should be brought to the church and baptized there in clean water, with the triple immersion, and that this act should be performed by the priests, unless in cases of imminent danger of death, and tlien by any one without distinction of sex or order." 2d. It was ordered that tithes should be paid to the churches out of every sort of property. 3d. Tliat all laymen who wish to take wives, should take them according to the canon law, which prohibited marriages within certain degrees of consanguinity or affinity. 4th. Tliat all ecclesiastical lands and property connected witli them should be exempt from the exactions of laymen. 5th. Tliat in case of murder by laymen, and of composition on their part with their enemies, clergymen, the relations of such, are not to pay part of the fine, &c. 6th. That all the faithful, lying in sickness, do in the presence of tliM' • confessor and neighbors, nuike their will with due solemnity. 7th. That due respect be paid to those who die after a good confes- sion, by means of masses, vigils, and decent burial, and likewise, that all divine matters be hencetbrth conducted agreeably to the practices of the holy Anglican Church. These decrees— the only ones that emanated fr ,m the synou— were confirmed by the king and subscribed by its tr embers. Such an important reform in the abuses of the Irish Church must have l)ce!i highly gratifying to the royal zeal of Henry, who was some- time before accessory to the deatli of St. Thomas a liecket, because that I'-ily prelate would not allow him to invade the sanctuary of the church, which he was bound to protect and deiend. In the transactions of the synod his stipulation with Pope Adrian concerning the payment of Pe- tcr-pence is entirely lost sight of; but the crafty nionarch, in order to gain them over to his views, paid great attention to the i)rivileges and imunmities of the clergy, tho igh he had been laboring at home to cir- cumscribe the righte of their ')rethron in England. The canons of this council— f he ones relative to b.'tkm, it was conferred in the chu ches vvhen Chnstiaaity was well established. Hms it is mentioned du^ h of Roscur to be there baptized by the bishop, Forchern, and h t they were met by a St. Abban, who stopped those females and bap- tized Iinnian in the water of two united rivei-s. St. Patrick used to St. Senan, that li.s parents took him to the church. Some neglL^ence may have crept in with regard to the conferring of baptism out o'f the c urches. which the synod wished to redress. Another abuse whicli is alleged, was that of baptizing the children of the rich in milk, instead ot water. St. Adamnan in his life of Columbkille, relates that when lie was traveling through the country of the Pict., an infant was pre- sented by his parents for baptism, and that as there was no water in the neighborhood, the Saint prayed for a while upon a rock and blessed a pai^ of It, whence water immediately flowed in abundance, with which he baptized the infant. Had the practice of baptizing wi h milk pre vailed among the Irish, how has it escaped St. Bernard, Lanfranc or Anselm, and, above all, the searching eye of Gerald Barry ? _ St. Jerome observes, that milk and wine, the former denoting their mnocenco, used to be given to newly-baptized infants in the Western churches ; m some churches honey was given, instead of wine. A sim- ilar custom m Ireland could be mistaken or misrepresented ; nor is it rue that the Insh people were careless in having their children baptized by cergymen. St. Fu.ey wa., three days after his birth, baptized by S. Brendan, of Clonfert. St. Fintan, of Cluain-edneach, ^n the Sghth day of his b.rth w. s baptized by a holy man who lived in a place called Chmm-nncvtreoin. St. Lawrence O'Toole was baptized by the bishop o S iX A '*'; T' '' '' ^""^"^ ^*' ^''« ^y'^< -"-I that ot- St. tize or offer the holy mysteries without the permission of the bishop King llen|y «ent to the Popo certain letters, it is said, of all the arch- bishops and bishops of Ireland, the s,nod having terminated its labon,. Winaf^if l'" '"'^'^T;"' ''''^ "'"'""• We have already seen that the 1 innate (idasius and his suffragans, did not attend the synod of Cashel. IDS EecLESIASTICAL HISTOEY OF IBELAKD. He may have at a later period forwarded letters containing copies of those admimhh decrees and an account of certain practices which nii-ht induce the pontiff to sanction his views. Be this as it may, the decrees produced no effect in Ireland, and wei-e disregarded by the L-ish cler<^y as if tlie synod had never been convoked. ' The Archbisliop Donald in whose incumbency those transactions took place, died in the year 1182. Tliree years before his death Cashel was destroyed by fire. Maurice succeeded in 1182 and died in 1191 ; was a man of learnin.. and wisdom, according to Cambrensis. Gerald, having taunted the Irish Church with having wo martyrs, the archbishop replied: "Thoucrh" says he, "our country be looked upon as barbarous, uncultivated, "and cruel, yet they always have paid reverence and liouor to ecclesiastics and never could stretch out their hands against the saints of God But now there is come a people who know how, and are accustomed to make martyi-s. Henceforth Ireland, like other countries, shall have hen^." Mathew O'lleney succeeded in 1192, and was appointed legate apos- tolic of Ireland by Pope Celestine III. JMatliew was a Cistercian monk. He convened a synod at Dublin in the year of his appointment, and at which the best men of Ireland attended. Mathew was the autlior of the life of St. ^uthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, whom Englisli writere claim as a native of England. lie was born at Ivells, in the county of Meath, according to the annals of St. Mary's Abbey, near Dublin. But It IS more jn-obable that he was born in the king.loin of Xorthumbria. Benedict XIV., in his decree regarding the offices of Irish saints, enu- merates St. Cuthbert among the national ones of Ireland. In the annals (Four Mastei^) is recorded the following eulogy of the illustrious Mathew OMIency, in the year 12O0 : "Matliew, arch- bishop of Cashel, and legato of Ireland, the wisest and most relLnous man of the natives of that country, having founded many churchoa, having triumphed over the old enemy of mankind by workin- many miracles, voluntarily abandoning all woridly pomp, happily went to rest m tlie Abbey of tlie Holy-cross, in the county of Tipperary." Doiiagh O'Lonergan H., a Cistercian monk, suceeded in 1206 Pope Innocent III. gave him the pallium and confirmed the possessions of tlio see of Cashel on the Cth of April, 1210. In the Pope's letters, Donatus receives instructions as to his beliavior in so holy a clothing^ and the pontiff points out the festivals on which he should wear thia badge of dignity and jurisdiction ; , i.l moreover, desires when ho or uny of liis auff.-agans should die, that tlioir pastoral staff and ring should remain in it. proi)er church under a faithful gi ardian for the us^o of the successor. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOET OF lEELAND. IQQ Who should take care, the churchyards and ecclesiastical benefices Bhould not be possessed by hereditary right, and should any attempt of this sort be made, to have them restrained by ecclesiastical censures. n^e annals of Ulster affirm that this archbishop assisted at the coun- cil ot Lateran m Rome, A.D. 1215, and died there ; yet, it is said that he was buned m the conventual church of Cisteaux, in Burgundy, on the gospel side of the great altar. Donat O'Lonargan III. succeeded in 1216. He is said to have erect- ed Cashel into a borough, and to have given burgage lioldings to the burgesses. Donatus with the consent of tlie Pope resigned L arch- bishopric in 1223. Some time before his resignation he interdicted the Kingstenaiits and lands within his diocese; upon which the king ap- pealed to Pope Ilonori us UI. who enjoined Donatus to relax the Lter- dict in fittoen days, and in case of refusal, authorized the bishops of Kil dare, Meath, and Ossory to do so. He sui-vived his abdication nine yeai-8 and Md in 1232. Itarian O'Brien, bishop of Cork, was translatod to the see of Cashel m 1224, and at the Pope's request procured the royal assent to tlie trans- ation. Soon after, in May, 1224, Pope Honorius HI. confirmed by bull the number of twelve canons in the Cathedral of G^hel. King Henry HI. remised to Marian and his successoi-s the new town of Cushel and granted it to be held of him and liis heirs in free, pure, and peip^tual alms, discharged of all exactions and secular sei-vices. The charter ia witnessed by Jocelin, bishop of Bath, Tliomas, bishop of Norwich, and Walter, bislu, of Carlisle, and bears date the 15th of November. Marian soon after granted or confirmed this town to a provost and twelve burgesses, reserving some small pensions to his see. By license from tins prelato. Sir David le Latimer, his seneschal, founded a lazar- house, or hospital for lepe,-s, at Cashel, .„d in it shut up his daughtor, who was atH.cted witli that distemper. David MacCai will afterward annexed and united this hospital to an abbey of his foundation. In 1.31, on a journey he made towards Rome, he was seized with a most gnevous fit ot sickness, and fearing that his death was approaching, he took on „m the habit of a n.onk in a Cistorcian monastiry ; but b ing ostored to healtl,, and having dispatched liis business at iLno, he re^ Surl 1 rr-T ^""! ''^' '^^^ ^^^ ^"^^ '^^'^'•' •» *'^« -"^^^^tery of hi 1238 ^""'''''"""«^*' '""^ ^*" '^''^ ^^-^-^- His death is maiked David MacKelly, dean of Cashel, wa« promoted to the see of ^lovne. and wiw tmnaiof,^,] t^ ii,„ i v .. -^ , . . W-r-i 1 ..^~,"," ■■■ "rehdiocese oi Uashel, in 1288. While dean ot Cashel, he was wholly devoted to the society of the Do- i't ' < !r L. 200 KCCLESIASnOAL HI8T0EY OF lEKLAKI). con,iMcl^ ,„ xiol he CM Eotat of Emly, elect of Limerick to at! l.ca,- m h. ccun at,a receive co„li„„„i„„, 5 ea,.o„ically eleottl-S t idr;:f-: riff "'"'i'"'^'"'' "'■ "- --^--cVa", ui iu.ait.li, i^oj It IS said he was buried in tl.^ iiffi . chapei of tLe apostles, where formerly was placed tfL^l^^ bishop, engraved on a iiioiiunient of stone. ^^^';i ^'icCarwill, dean of Cashel, was elected in 1253 Tlie kin.. Sr t.fr^-1'^^ chapter, provided the bishop ;iec?w,^ >vitiim a hxed period, appear in person and swear fealty David « the chantry of St. Nicholas, at Cashel, and also h Cist^- [ ' a be, of Hore, and the abbey of the rock of Cash.], which he e d ^ d ^vl^htlIe revenues of the lienedictines, wlioni he lad displaced He supplied this House with monks from the abbey of MelliZ n; • f Ale.a„Jer IV, recommended Keran, dean of C,«hel, attd lllato to the prop.„„ „„d ,, „,.p,,„,, ^,„.„_.j_ ,^^__ , J of IrelL ™ '" ...opofHa.V>:,.o;:;rerr:fi^^^^^^^^^^ I ope Gregorj. X. to Ki„g Edward, recom,„e„ »- -.-Xf r,; l«XI.F.8U8TrCAL HIGTORY OF IKELAm Aft T-- 201 virgin of Konlfa taoI,J ™''° '° "'" ™n««y of tl.o blessed vi^;. no die?ra„":Zor.;"f;i''';ir " ''^ ^-^^ '- "■» Pope, a„.l obtained ,be te,„„pj , ,V1 ,',™' """"""' ^' "'" ll.e sec above eleven yea« fnd ,1 ' , ^ °""'«- ""> «''™'«'J »02, an , ,vas buHod in S o",™ ,tilf """ "" -^«'-"'^'« °' ^"^'«. notified L tl e Poo" ' I 1 ,. "f T, 7 "" '''"S' """^ -'"'='' «"> W"g «ad invested witr,i,e pal hnn 1'°,''°™' """ ""' """o «a.e3 J^^^^ hv,„g, l,.s see was not safflciem to sustain bis He was present at a nailiarnent lield m vui- tliose prelates who falmina.ed ,„„.l I^'"-onny, and was one of statntes enacted i. Z^^':::f'Z:'T '''° '■"■""»"» »' "- .1.0 presenee and by tl^ „ r;f J ' ,, w "'"'^ ■™°°"''-'' '" Kiidaro, Join, l:; mISI: E ;?orts°''r"*°"' -^ number of tlie nobility. ^ ^iochfort, and a veiy great and°o:.l:t,:;'::r.ti,,X'!;Ln;"°"' r'r,"'"^° " ""•"■■" p™-- «n,o„ia, on bis b:.;:,'^:' Ill iz.o ^ ^ e^. 'li' rr °:r loyal to the kinr. and kin<.,lon, .f t i , ^'^^^'°" 5 ^liat he would bo oiont seonHt, ev ' tXT'tlflt:: Z t t-rit f ^ assured y t litliful to liisi nmn.; .„ i ■ , ^ ' "® ^''^ l»een .ingfo..ifavo;;tsC;:;::::;r^:t^^^^^^^^^^ j'^ngii.. .ettie. a::;\t^:;r,::t;;:: ™j- :;';;-; •!■" ;i:i"r rz" :!:r:r"' "''^"'-'- ^™"-o'^o!: r; «.: p,o„c,..v of r 1,'^ ° " " r "■■.'••""1*"«'. ".o con,isca,iL of taats. IbcaltarandtC bistrl """™' '''«'S"'T of its inbabi- 11,0 cl„,sto, beeame a monopoly in ,bo l,„„ds „, I ri II 203 ECCLESIASTICAL IflSTOBY OF IRKLAND. British pluiulcroi-s. Tlic Banctuiirics oflrcliuKl, wliicli Irishmen opened, unci in whicli shelter unil education were .'u-e afforded to the youths ot Britain, are chised against lier own chHdron hy laws, nitlicting penalties for no crime, but that of being mere Irishmen. In this parliament, the following statutes, infamous as unjust, and never yet attempted to be justified, were piu^sed and strengthened by the anatliema of tiie degenerate MacCarwill : — ',' It was enacted, that intennarriages with the natives, or any con- nection Avifh them, as fosterci-s, or in the way of gossiprcd, should be punislied as high treason." " lluit the use of tlieir nar>ic, language, apparel, or customs, should be punished with the forfeiture of lands and tenements." "That any submission to the Brehon laws of Ireland was treason." "That the English should not permit the Irish to graze upon their lands." " Tiuit to compel English subjects to pay or maintain soldiers was felony." " Tiiat no mere Irishman should be permitted to obtain any benefice in the church, or be allowed to enjoy the privileges of religious in- stitutes." In i;Ul, tliis archbishop, together with the prelates of Killaloe, Lis- more, Emly and Cloyne, were cited to appear pei-sonally at the council of Vienne, in France, convened by Pope Clement V., but neither of them api>eared in person, or by competent proxy. Ho died about the 25th of March, l.*n(5, in the l-'ith year of his consecration. "William Fitzjohn, bis' ^p of Ossory, being earnestly recommended by the king to the Pope ; the elections of John Mac'^'-rwill, bishop of Cork, andof Thomas O'Lonchy, archdeacm of Cashel, were aimulled, and ■\Villiam confirmed as bishop of Cashel, on tlie 1st of April, 1317. In Aitril, i:il8, the king conveyed to him and his chapter, for ever, the advowson of the eliurch of Dungarvin, with all the appendant chapels, in retni-n for a piece of groimd in Cashel. given by them for the erec- tion of a i>rison. While he sat the city of Cash.'l was encompassed with a stone w«'.. He died on the 20th of September, 132G. John O'Caroll or T^raeCarwell, dean of the cathedral of St. Ban-, of Cork, was unanimously elected by the dean and chapter, bishop of this SCO of Cork, in the year i:302. He succeeded to the sec of Meath, and theucc was promoted to the see of Cashel in J uly, 1327. The king sent a writ to the justice, treasurer, and chancellor of Ireland, to receive his fealty, without subjecting him to the trouble of a jour le;- to England, ordering them at the same time to examine his provisional lettei-s, to oblige him, before a notary public, o])enly and expressly to renomice ECCLKSIASTICAt, HISTOEY OF IRELAND. 203 m any projndicial clauses tlierein, nnd to lay a fine on him for accepting a papal provision. In 1329, about tlio feast of St. Peter's chains, he died in Loudon, on his return from the court of Rome. After his death eleven manoi-s belonging to tlie archbishopric were seized into the king's hands, the far greater part of wiiich were subsequently alienated from the fhurcli, and snuill ainual pensions reserved to the see. Walter lo llede or Ilufus, at first a canon, and afterwards bishop of Cork, was translated to the see of Cashol, in 1330, by the Pope, who declared, that for this turn, wliile John O'Carrol was yet living, he had reserved the provision to the see of Cashel, to be disposed of by himself and the apostolic see, when it should hiippen to become vacant. On the l!»t I of August I'ollowing his translation, he was restored to the temporals and died in February, 1331. A little before his death, he granted some tithes to his vicai-s choral. John O'Grady, some time rector of Ogussin, in Killaloe, and treasu- rer of Cashel, elected l)y the dean and chajiter, was confirmed by the Pope in 1332. John made many donations to his churcli, and gave it a largo pastoral staff. He dieiUt Limerick on the 18th of July, 1345, in a Dominican habit, and was buried there in a moiuistery of that order. Ho was, according to the annals of Nenagh, a "man of great wisdom and industry." Ealph Kelley, born at Drogheda, was educated in a convent of Car- melites, at Kildare, and 1: acamo a member of that brotherhood. In 1336 he was made prolocutor and advocate general of his order, under Peter de Casa, the master-general. In 1345 he was promoted to the see of Cashel by Pope Clement VII. In 134G a parliament was held at Kilkenny, which granted a subsidy to the king for the exigencies of the state. Ralph opposed the levying of it within his province, and for that end convened an assembly of his BuftVagans at Tipperary, Maurice, bisliop of Limerick, Richard", bishop of Emly, and John, bishop of Lismore, attending thereat; {.nd by them it was decreed that all beneficed clergj'inen contributing thereto \ould be " by the very fact" deprived of their benefices and rendered incai)a- ble of obtaining any other promotion within that province. That tlie laity who were their tenants, and contributing, should be "by the very fact" excommunicated, and their children to the third generation ren- dered incai)able of holding any church living within that province. In consequence of those decrees the archbishop and other prelates came to Clonmol, and in pontificals, in the middle of the street openly excomniunicated ail those Mho granted or advised the said subsidy, and every one levying the same and particularly William Epworth,'clerk, the king's connnissioner, in the county of Tipperary, for gathering the 204: ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. Baid subsidy from the several collectors : for this offence he was sued a thousand pounds for the king's damage. Ralph died at Cashel in Xovember, 1361, and was buried in St. Patrick's church of that city. lie has written a l)ook of the canon law, and other works not now extant. Ralph was a 2)relate of great learning and approved virtue, and it can be added, of patriotism. ueorge Roc' o or de Rupe, is said to have been the next successor, according to the Franciscan annals of Nenagh, written at that very time. " In 1362, Master George Roche, archbishop of Cashel, was drowned." Thomas O'Carroll, after a vacancy of two or three years, and who waa archbishop of Tuam, was translated in 1365, or the previous year, to the see'of Cashel by papal provision. lie is recorded as a prelate of great learning and wisdom. He died at Cashel on the 8th of February, 1373, and was buried in his own cathedral. Phillip de Torrington, doctor of divinity, a Franciscan friar and conservator of the privileges of the order in Ireland, was promoted to the see of Cashel by provision of the l]ppe in 1374. Having sworn fealty to the king he obtained the temporals ; in a short time after he was cent as embassat founded by Donald O'lhion, king of Limerick, a great builder and repairer of churches and al)beys. A i)arliament met 'h\ Dublin, A.D. 1421, in which this jjrelato was impoaclied by John Gese, bishop of Wuterford and Lismore, on thirty articles, the j)rincipal ones being as follow : That lie made very nuich oi tlio h'iali (an awi'iil crime) and loved none of the Engliab. ECCLKSIASTTCAL IIISTOnY OF IKKLAND. m Tliat he gave no benefice to any Englishman and advised other bish- ops to the like practice. Tliat he counterfeited the king of England's seal and his Icttera patent. Tliat he made himself king of Munster. That he took a ring from the image of St. Patrick, of which the eari of Desmond made an oblation, and gave it to his whore ; besides many other enormities which John Gese exhibited against him in writing, and at which the Lords and Commons were much troubled. In the days of this splendid prelate patriotism was a crime. Tlie rule of British plunderers and monopolizers of church and state in the ascendent, sym])athy with the wrongs of the nation, or a duo apprecia- tion of individual merit in preference to those Anglo-Normans who im- ported the criuios of their country, was sure to be a treason to be de- nounced before the public tribunals. The valu£.Me services of the Arch- bishop O'lledian to religion were not sufficient to secure him that es- teem which his good works merited; they rather brought upon him odi- ous cahunnies that were so ludicrously extravagant that no one pretend ing to common sense could for a moment entertain them. The archprelate was honorably acquitted by the parliament to which this singular proceeding gave much uneasiness, especially among tho poors of the realm, and the writers of those days deli-lit in dwelling on the unbending firmness, integrity, and good qualities of the archhiSiop of Coshel, while to those of modern date it furnishes an instance of per- secution to which Irishmen were subjected, if they dare manifest any regard for the land of their birth. Though tlie parliamont was not the proper tribunal to decide on questions purely or relatively ecclesiastical— an insufficiency which this very parliament acknowledged-it is strange that the bishop of Water- ford should arraign hia metropolitan before a secular tribunal. To recur to the tribunal ..f Rome would be the proper mode of dealing with tho transgressions wlii<-h healk-ged against the archbishop ; but in tJio Roman court, where justice and cjuity preside, it would have been unsafe to prefer false accusations against a superior or an e<]ual. Tlichard, by an instrument dated the 22d of Sei)tember, 1420, and with tli«> consent of the chapter appropriated the church of Ik-laghcahail to the monastery of Jlolv-cross. Ho died f.dl of yeai-s, on tho'^Slst of July, U40, and was buried in In's own church. Afk'r his death t^io'seo wi8 vacant ten years, and tho temporals all that tin.o funned to Jame« Jhitler, earl of Ormond. .lohn Cantwell, bachelor of hiM-s, was promoted in 14.^0 by provision of the Pope; was consecrate.! in the year 14;-.2, and in tins year granted 208 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOBT OF IKELAND. the vicaivige of the church of Rathkellan to tlie monastery of ffoly- cross. He heUI a provincial synod at Limerick in 1453 ; in July, 14S0, he celebrated another at Feathard, Mathew, bishop of Killaloe, Thomas, Limerick, John, Ardfort, William, of Cork and Cloyne, assisting. Thia prelate obtained many privileges from King Edward IV. lie repaired the monastery of the Dominicans at his own charge, which had been destroyed by fire. John Fitzrery, vicar-general of the order, together with the prior and convent, in gratitude to the prelate; constituted him their patron and founder, and granted him the full benefit of all the masses, prayei-s, vi- gils, and the fruits of the good works of the Dominicans tliroiigli L-e- land. Two years before his death he endowed the college of vicars-cho- ral of the cathedral at Cashe', witli some jiossessions in the town ot Clonmel. He died in 1482, and was buried at Cashel. David Creagh, a native of Limerick, and bachelor of the civil and canon laws, was consecrated archbislioi) o^' bushel in 148,'!, and in two yeai-8 after granted the vicarage of the parish church of Glanicyne to tlie monastery of Holy-cross. Gerald Fitz Gerald, earl of Kildare, in- flicted injuries on this pi ate wiiich remained without redress on the part of Henry VH., king of England. David died on the 5th of September, 1503, having presided twenty years in the see. Maurice Fitz Gerald was promoted by Pope Julius H. in 1504. ile lield a synod at Limerick in the year 1511, the decrees of win'cli were inserted in the registry of Thomas Purcell, bishop of Lisni<.i-e and Wat- erford, and were destroyed l>y an aceidental lire. He convened another synod in 1514, four canons of whieli relate to the dress and clothing ot the Waterford dergv. Ho died A.D. 1523. Ednnmd Ihitler -as consecrated archbishop of Cashel in 1527; ho was elect of Ciwhol in 15::", the Pope having earnestly rcedinmonded him to the favor of King Henry VIII. in the October of that year, to whom he was privy councillor after his consecration. Ho was prior of the abbey of Athassol in the county of Tipperary. He lield a provin- cial synod at Limerick in June, 152!), fho sufliagans of Lismorp and Waterford, Limerick and Killaloe, assisting, in this synod power was given to the mayor .,f Limerick to imprison debtoix among i cler-'v, until they m;ide satisfaction to creditors, without incurring the censure of t.ccoinmunication, against which fho clergy remonstrated as an infringe- ment ami violation of their ecejesiastical jirivileges. Ho died on fho fifli of March, about the end of the year 1550, and was bm-ied in his own chnrch. IJoland IJaron or Fitz Gerald was appointed to fiucceed, iti 1553, by ECCLESIASTICAL inSTOKY OF lEELAND. 207 Queen Mary, the dean and chapter having elected Mm by her com- mand, lie was descended of tlie Cxefaldines ; was consecrated in the sanae year. He died on the 28th of October, 1561. See of Emly, Saint Ailbe, its founder, already noticed. Conamail MucCarthy, successor of St. Ailbe, died A.D. 707 Cellacli, succosj^or of Ailbe, died A.D. 718. Senchair, successor of Ailbe, died in 778. * Cuan died in 784 or 786. Seetabrat died in 819. Flan MacFaincliellaic died in 825. ^^^^Olchobar MacKinede, king of Cashel and bishop of Emly, died in Maneus MacTluargusa died in 857. Caenfelad, king of Cashel and bishop of Emly died in 872 Kudgall MacFingail died in 882. Concenmathair died in 887. ^^^Owen MaeCenfeolad, called prince of Imleach-Ibair, was slain in died1.r8!^^'"'' '"" '^ ^''^''*' ' '"^^ '"""' ""^ "''^'^''^'''^ of Mun3ter, Miscelus died in 898. Flan JracConail died in 903. die.nn'912.^"'^^"''^""' ^""'" "^ I'"''"« J»Wmir, and bishop of Emly, Edchada JlaeScanlain died in 941. Iluarach died in 953. IVri'IKellach died in 957. Feolaii l\racl\elhiid died in 981. Caenfada died in !I!H». ColuMiI) MacLagenan died in 1003. Connac O'J. m the mo.t learned bishop of Munater, died A.D. 1020 N'rbrelliac died in 1027. Maeltinan died in IO40. O'Flanehn: died in 1047. Clofhna Jluinmech died in 1040. Maelmorda died in 1076. Md'lisa O'lfaraehtain died in 1093. » (/J.igbai died in 1122. Mrahnnnia Afuc-Tnclodnai succeede.I. Whilo ho gnvornod tho «0P Kmly w.« plundered in the year 1123, and the mitre^^" St. Aill'cM' 208 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OP IRBXANB. wrvod Avith great care, was burned by the robbers. Tlie bishop Mael- morda escaped by flight. Deicohi, or Gilla an Comdeh O'Ardmail assisted at the council of Kells, held under Cardinal Paparo in 1152. Maelisa O'Lagenan, abbot of Emly and Bellagh-Conglais, Bisliop of tliis sec died in 11(53. O'Meicstia or O'Meicselbe, comorban or successor of Ailbe, died in 1172. Charles O'Bnacalla, abbot of Mcllifont, succeeded in 1177 and died at Emly in loss than a month. Isaac O'llamcry succeeded. Nothing more is known of this prelate. Reginuld OTluncea sat in 1192 and died in 1197. About this time the cathedral of Emly was destroyed by fire. William, a canon of Em ly, was elected A.D. 1210; his election was annulled by the Pope, as he had by false suggestions obtained three orders in one day from the bish- oj) of Rt)S3 under color of a comma,nd from tlie metropolitan of Cashel. The archbishop having denied the matter, AVillium was suspended from the ordei-s of deaconship and tha priesthood, and the bishop of Ross was deprived of the power of ordaining. Henry, an English Cistercian monk and abbot of Eindon, in Dorset- shire, was conscrnitcd in 1212. King John granted this prelate and hi successors the privilege of holding fairs and markets at Kmly. He diet, in 1227 having governed the see upwards of fourteen years. John Colliiigliam was elected by the dean ami chapter; ratified by the Pope ii: 1228. The king refused hi« ap])i(>l)ati..n and withhold tlia temporalities because he was chosen without the king's previous license. As the archbishop of Cashell on this account refused to consecrate him, John ajipoaled to Poi)e Gregorv IX., who appointed delegates to hear the cause. The king instriicti'd his proctor to defend the rights of his crown bol'ore those dologates. The Pojio issued a bull to the archbish- ops of Armagh and Dulilin, and to the bishoj) of Forns, lo examine into the merits of the pei-son and the election, anle amends for his contemptuous proceeding.. Chnstmn ,s said to have been a great benefactor to his churcli of Emly ILs motto was : " O Lord, show me thy ways." Christian died in 1249." Gilbert O Doverty, dean of Emly, was elected by the general voice of the chapter m tlie year 1249, and waa consecrated in 1251. He als.) obtained the temporals in t]»at year. Gilbert died in October, 1205 Florence of Emly, so called because borr there; wa. canon of' the cathedral of Emly ; succeeded, and was consecrated about Whitsuntide, ; i '''!;?? "^ ^"^'•■'^^"^^ «^ ^""'^^«' ^^''^"'^^'""r of Emly, being rejected. Hie Bishop Florence died about the end of the vear 1271 and was buried in his own cathedral " ' Mathew MacGorman, archdeacon of Emly, was elected in June, 1272 and consecrated the year following. He sat two years and a few months, liavmg died in 1275. David O'Cussey, a Cistercian and abbot of Holy-cross, in Tipperary succeeded m June, 1275, and obtained the temporals. He died in June William de Clifford, escheator of England, succeeded in 1'>S2 and was consecrated in this year. In the year 1299 the tem,K>rals of the see were sequestrated for debts which he contracted while escheator Tlio custody of the see was granted hereupon to John Cantock ; but John did not account either to the king or to the bishop. Tliey were then, bv the justice, treasurer, and barons of the exchequer, committed to tli'e custody of Bartholomew de Sutton, in trust for the king and tl>o urchbish- op, and who was made responsible to the exchecpier. Barthol.unew do biitt-m . .s as bad a trustee as John Cantock. The bishop died in 1306. Thomas Cantock, a native of England, and a cImn<.,.llor of Ireland canon ol Emly, wai, elected in im',, obtained the temporals in th* Bame year. He sti'l retained the cIiancellon.lup-w,. consecrated in Uirist churcli, Dublin, in presence of great numbore of the nobility dergy, and otbors, all of whom he feasted with unusual magnilieence! While he was chancellor, some records of the clumcorv wlnVh were de- posited in Mary's Abbey, near Dublin, were destroyed bv fii-e. n.omas Bat but a short time, having died on the 3d of Febrnarv; 130S. William Rogencd, dean of Emly succeeded, in 13U9. William lived nntd the year 13.35, and was buried in his own church. Kichard Wui«h was electecl, and couHccratiMl bishop of Eirly in the year 1335. Ho sat^about twenty yeaiv, and died in October, 1355. Ho If ' 210 ECCI.E8U8TICAL UISTOEY OF IKKLAND. Ml joined Ralph Kelly, archbishop of Cashel, in opposing the subsidv to the k,n^., for which they were indicted. ^ ^ *•" John Psn^ond, archdeacon of Ferns, succeeded, by provision of the Pope, and obtained the temporals on the 27th of ipril, 1356 Ue at "X years, and died in April, 13(32. William, archdeacon ofEmly, succeeded in 1363 J>y provision of the Pope, and was restored to the temporals. It seems that the se becle vacant by the death of one David, who was not restored to the telra or . consecrated, lived but a very short time. William gove^edre s J «:'''""\:'f'^^ '- -^' '-'^^ - l^«^- "e was finrioo De mo r- '^""^"^'^^ '! '^ P-^'--»t J-'^l A.D. 1377, in Castle- uermot. . am was vicar-general to Philip de Torrington arch- b.shop of C...el, during his absence in foreign parts ' Nicholas bishop of Endy, died in 1422. John Rishberry an An gustm hermit, was declared his successor by Pope Martin V Xtll" ^edm^ped^tinghis provisio^nd lette., .Lipon RobJ;';!:,:^ E bu .e T"' "■' '' "" ^'"^""*'" "•^"""' ^^- «l-^^d bishop of Lmly, but he also was slow in expediting his letters. Robert Portbmd a Franciscan fnar, was appointed to the see by the Pone's ,n^^o„ nor^does it appear that he was consecrated o'r ever sl^ ti: ;::;. Thomas bishop of Endy, was at length consecrated in the year 143 . Perhaps he was Ihomas de Eurgli, already mentioned lie 2 -Ive yea., and died in 1443. During the wid;whood o tl.'e see the temporals were returned into the king's exche,n,er Uc tobe., 1444. ^\ hen consecrated, he was sent as nuncio to Ireland to collect^aid against the Turks. Cornelius w. translated toth:::e'lf Cornelius O'Mulledy, a Franciscan friar, bisliop of Clonfert was ^•aaslated to the sec ofEmly by Pope Nicholas V., on the Cth ApnT 1W8, or in the August of this year ^ ' year H59":nd'!nl46V"""'^"'' '^^""•"'^" '' ^''« '''^^'^' «^'-* *^'« year i4oj, and in 1468, was apjiointed prior commendatory of tii.. ron vent the blessed virgin of Kenlis, in Ossory ; an appo i m „t w • u excited contests between him and prior Nichcdas. ^^ '"'"""' ^'"'^^^ PInlip, bishop of Endy, died in 1494. Charles MacBrien, canon of Emly, was advance,! to the see in April 498; the year of Ins deatii is unknown. Donatus O'lhien, who w s ■ ' ' " ^' ^"^ '^ ^^'^ «'^''^i' """"lied or he was not consecrated. ECCLE8U8TICAL inSTORY OF lEEXAND. ' gjj erected . college t sZl^C' ""' "" "' °" "''™'- =« co™t:r.°.:si:re;e:Ji:s^^ .•- *» died A.D. 1553. ' ^""^ *'''''"* ^^^^ years, having Casiiel and Emly united, in 15G9 Quee„ EliznlK-th-rbi hop ^e ,7 "'° "* "' MacCaglnvell, «.e ci., of c,p„..„,,,, e„i;ri 'I :ir„;';;:f '''''"• °"'' "'"' - year 1578. aonnnion of that country, about the -pec a. „,,-cc. of ,„o Ute and v,„ge„„c "f .^1^1:1 "" "■"' his studies were finished and thom) i "«retic8. At Louvani P.O.W of ca„o„ ,a„, Ltt ;;';i,^:r.',:a: j;;""""' -^ " '-^" com|>ici,o„s. lie wn. i„,r,,,l„„n,l "" °"I"".'="'">'» ""on rendcicd l,i,„ after p™„o,cd to ,h ; c ; t : cI :, "T •'"'" ''™''''' ""^ -" ■.e .e..nd .l,e pe.cc„,i„„ ,.^X^t ^T^VT"", '• "'""•' ITOceoded .l,„„g,, ,,i. dieter .ra^c 1 ! frl' d'i ri^T ■ ""'"'"'"^ nltiiiiaedy from co„„fv to co„n.,. .• , '° '''»"'='' »"<• j«-ice of t„e .,..ec,,':uJt : 'o 3 " witZrjT' "f "'° '='""'• 212 ECCLESUSTICAt HISTORY OF IRELAND. to Shake the constancy of tlie holy prelate. Tlie chancellor engast^d to reconcile Inm to Elizabeth, and that he might waive other doctrinal pcnts, provK ed he would recognise Ixer s„pre,nacy,-a proposition ^vh ch he instantly rejected. Another offer was made : he would bo restored to favor and reinstalled in the see of Cashel, if he would reject the t.tle w „ch the Pope had conferred upon him, and accept his right to the see by etters patent from the queen; but those insidious terns ne m.medmtely spurned, and he was thereon remanded to prison, and bound in heavy irons. Thii.ting as they were tor his blood, his enemies hastened to the dungeon, and commenced tl.e work of torture Firet bound to a stake, his arms and legs covered over with pitch, salt, oil, and sulphur, hre was then slowly applied, and managed with such bar- barous dexterity, that their victim was kept in torture for several hours. The n.ght thus spent in a melancholy scene of insults and suf- ferings, he was led out at the dawn of day-conveyed to Stepheu's-greeu —put upon the rack, and at last strangled, A.D. 1583. _ Ilis body was removed in the evening by the faithful, and deposited m the ne.ghbonng oratory of St. Kevin, then almost in ruins. This church was some years after repaired ; and several miracles are said to have been wrought at the tomb of this holy and illustrious martyr, for the faith of ^ Ast. Tluirlough O'Neil succeeded the martyred Dermod, in 1583 Moriarth O'Brien, bishop of Emly, died in a prison at Dublin, in l5oo. ' David Kearney, bishop in 1625. James O'llurley, a Dominican friar, elected prior provincial at loug^.al, of Ireland in October, 1G38. Appointed to the see of Emly m im, by Pope Lrban VIII. James was a prelate remarkably reli- gious and learned. '' Terence Albert O'Brien was promoted to the see of Emly on the death of his predecessor, in 1G44 ; was nuvster of theology, and alumnus of the Donumcan convent of Kilmallock, and was elected at Kilkenny m 1643, prior provincial of the order in Ireland. When Ireton stormed the city of Limerick, he caused the venerable prelate, Terence Albert, to be brought before him. Threats and bribes wei-e tried without success, and tlie prelate continuing inflexible, Ireton, with a vievv of overcoming his resolution, gave ordei-s to have him bound and thrust into prison ; but it had no terrore for him, as his con- stancy and confidence in God rendered him superior to his suffering At last, sentenced to undergo death, he was brought forth to the place of execution. ^ When ho arrived at the .pot, the ser-cnity and cheerfulness of his KCLKSUmcjI. HMTOBT OT mULAW). Jig countenance o,ciled se„ti,„c„„ of fUy on the part of hi, execalione,,. Weep not f„ ,„e,. ,ays the holy prelate, « hu, rather prav that I may reeetve stm.gth from the throne of tncrey, and that I nfay W ,„"m - ^nrslf L 'i::::™ "" — ^--. -^ '"- «i you po. ^.^;:=^:,:f:rti=r:^i':-f:-^^ . n. end woud be ,„i»raWe. Soon after, the predietion w^TI^^ia Ji" r:^ r:;: j'l" ?"°' '"'™r°-'"^- ■"» '—ncetf go>.er„„,e„.. dieT;::!;;,::?.:^^:;^ '"™ '"' ^"* "'■ '^" ".the pnhhe place of exeeution. Ilh head wa, .evered fron, the bju- onJJZ"" ^f ''' ^"'^'P '^ ^''^''^ ''^ 1^^*^- "aving a Ion. time es caped hev,p:,lance of hL pursuers by concealin.. himself i„% 11 V William Burgott died in the year 1671 John Bremmn, translated from Waterford in 1676, died in tgg^ His name occni-s in the Ilegist.j Act. Edward Comerford died in 1711 on,:::toi::i:r:ir::s\::i:^^^^^^^^^^^^ , "^"^y^'^"^!'^'. J»aving sat near forty veiiH, Chtfr^ :i d" :;;':ea'°"'"° ?." "■'«"-•'"■' "^^O "«.e clone v^mrcn, a.u. 1800, became coad utor of Cashel in ITin (^ /r 7 x James Biule, of «allyra,,at,;ishop of Ca^i ?;;'i ^''' '''''^ Thomas Bray, bishop of Ca.hel, died in 1821. I a r,ck tverard, coadjutor of Q^hel in 1815, died A D 1822 Robert Laffan succeeded, died in 1833. * Alichael Slatterv. presidon*- of \f-vr^-fJ, ^ ^^ ^ tliat year, was elected bishon of r1 ? ^^^ ^'"""^ * P"'*^'"" .^ , OS eiectea bisliop of Cashel, and consecrated on the 24t.Ii i\ 214 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOBY OF mKLAND. Id :: s^.:r;:;r '"* '°*"«" °="^™' "» ^''^ '5'--^' CHAPTER XXL I SEE OF CORK. Its founder, St. Barr or Finbarr, is supposed to have been raised to the episcopacy about tlie beginning of the Tth centurj. He was a na- tive of Jonnaught, of the sept Ily-Bruin-Ratlia, a district lyin.. co the northeast of Galway, and in the barony of Atlienry. As Lochan was the nai„e_ of the family, Finbarr was only his surname, and it means white-haired. This eminent saint was educated imder Mac Corb a disciple of St. Gregory the Great. Having travelled through Brita'in, Ixaul, and Italy, in quest of knowledge, ne returned to Ireland and erec- ed a monastery and school near Loch-eire at the south side of the river i^ee on a site granted him by a chieftain named Odo. _ Barr was a great favorite with St. Aidan, bishop of Ferns, and is said to have been the companion of his journeys to Britain, and thence to Kome. _ It appears that on his return to Ireland, he had been a bishop Of his successors in the see, the list is very hicomplote, until the year 1152 When Gillu-Aeda-0'Mugin, bishop of Cork, attended the synod of Kells' bmce tliat period the succession is complete. St. Finbar " ^ n Clovne' on the 25tli of September, about the year 622, and was i - ^n Cork liaving presided seventeen years. ' The reputation of St. Finbarr for sanctity and knowl, dge soon spread over Ireland and reached the Continent. Multitudes of scholai-s, native and foreign, repaired to his establishment, and in a few years it contain- ed several lundred monks, many of whom became professore in various schools both in Ireland and in foreign countries. The celebrated Gar- van, trom whom Dungarvan is supposed to have taken its name, was a tlisciple of the saint, and also the learned Nessan. whose char.".ctor as a irCLESUSTIOAL HISTORY OF IBELAND. 21[ professor of sacred literature attracted still greater numbei-s to the school ot bt. Barr. Cork thus became a populous and extensive city, and sub- sequer tly was enlarged and improved by the Danes who settled there but to whom Its origin is to be by no means ascribed. ' St. Finbarr, the founder of the see in 606, died about 623 St. Nessan, the disciple of St. Barr, probably not a bishop. Tliia Nessan is difterent from Nessan of Mungret, who died in 550 » ^mn. bers of disciples from all parts flocked hither under St. Nessan as to the habitation of wisdom and to the sanctuary of all Christian virtues" according to the biographer of St. Barr. ' The festival of St. Nessan is observed at Cork on the 17tli of March and on the 1st of December. Tlie year of his death is unknown. Ilussin, son of Lappin, comorbau of St. Barr, and bishop of Cork, died on the 7th of April, 685. Selbac died in 773. Cathmogan died in 961. Columb MacCiarucain, called comorban of St. Barr, died in 990 ^ Cellach O'Selbac, who died on a pilgrimage in 1026; he is called bishop, successor of Barr, and chief of the wise-men of Munster Neil O'Mailduib died in 1027. Airtri Sairt,' died in 1028. Cathal died in 103i. Mugron O'Mutan, comorban of Barr, and bishop of Cork, was inlm- manly murdered by robbers of Cork, in 1057. Clerech O'Selbac died in 1086. Mac Lothod O'llailgenen died in 1107. Patrick O'Selbaic died in 1111. The see being vacant in 1140, St. Malachy, of Armagh, nominated a foreigner uuu . ..an of sanctity and learning to the see with the ap- probation and applause of the clergy and people, but the name is un- known : however the following Bishop Gilla is supposed to have been the person whom St. Malachy named. Gilla Aeda O'Mugin, a native of Connanght, and of the family of he monastery of Errew, of Loughcon, sat in tlie see of Cork in the year 1152, and assisted at the council of Kells. He died in the year 1172 and was highly celebrated for his virtues by the Irish historians, who call him the "chief prelate for devotion, wisdom, and chastity in all Ireland. ' Others of them say that he was sanctified by God and a man full of God s b essing. lliis bishop is reckoned among the principal beneftic ors to the church of Cork. The abbey of Augustin Canons of St. IinbarrsCave, commonly called Gille-Abboy, took it. name from this bishop, and of which he had been abbot. I , *i« ECCLEaiASTICAL mSTORY OF lEJ-XAND. cour^T'^^n n- "^f "' "^'' ^^ ^'-^"^^^ *« th« «bbcy of Tnomas- court near Dubhn, the clun-ch of St. .^essan, at Cork. Gregory Znl presided about Iburteen years, died A.D 1186 ^ Iteginald, tlje time of whose consecration or death, is unknown wit 'k:!^.'''^^^'^^ '' '-'^ '^' ^^ ^^-- «"PP-^ to be idenlal andhonestman. It does no^t appe^ar^^l^t^ "1:4 ^^ ^^^^^^^ Manau O'Erien, bishop of Cork i„ 12.4, was transited : he Zf Cashel ,n this year, by provision of the Pope 12.«^'^^r; "•■?'. '^''7"^ «^ ^^--k' ^^--^ consecrated in 1225, and died in 1238 Before his death, this prelate, with tiie consent of his cWe" granted in tee-farm to Michael de Dn.elle, one plow-hu d par of tie possessions of his see, lying between Kilmahanock and t L'd of Duf Lawrence, who succeeded, died in 1264 time. ^ '^^"'' ^'^ '^t but a very short ^ Eeginald or Rej-„oId, treasnm- of C.«l,ol, obtained tl,o tempo™]. „f In see ,„ A,„«, ,,„, ,„ ,„„ j^. ,_,._^ EdwarftC ted 1 e: :: z ttvi '*, '""^"; ^-""'"^ '° •"■■' •'-"•^ »"» < W A t * Pal'-onase and advo«-so„s of tW elnn-el,08 of tl.e i aer, at Co k. Bnt lie reclaimed tl.ose advowsong to the eio vn wlien ho a(,e™.a,.d..,eendedtl,e throne. Reginald died atCork,i De „" hor, 1276, and wa, buried in the ehnreh of St Ban- in lo?; tf 'f:"ff''.' ^«f «-■»" '""'"--."f groat learning, sneeeeded m 1.7, and also obtamed the temporal,. Tl,e advowsons .-.-anted to uiea m Maich, :30:, havni!- sat tiventy-fonr years. John MaeCarwill, dean of Cork, was nnanimonsly eleetod bv the obapter .„ J„„e, J.«, , „^,„i„,., ,„, J wroonm-med W re^ttr; ^-''^ ■"/■"3'<--l"«-ing. He „„, trans, Philip of Slane was a Dominican frior, appointed br the Pone and obtained the to.nporals in Jnly, 1321. Iliroe ye.™ atterwlVhS' 1 -n.an emh.ss,ador to the Pope by Kin, EdLd IF., and iLt;" :eoclesustical histoey of ieeland. 217 Ijls commission with si.ch address, that he wa«, on his retnrn, called to the privy council of Ireland. ' The Pope armed this prelate, the archbishops of Dublin and Cashei Mith a commission to inform themselves of what things were wantint and expedient for the peace and tranquility of Ireland."^ On his ret n! to Ireland a counci was called, at which a lar^e number of the nob 1 t and gentry attended, and at which it was resolved, as necessary for Z welfare and quiet of the realm— ^«fei>«iry lor tiie 1st. That the uisturbers of the peace and u. ,.ders of the kin..'s rights should be excommunicated.by the archbishops and bishops, tyySZ oi the apostolic authority. l^s, uy vucue 2d That the small and poor bishoprics, not exceedhiir twenty forty or sixty pounds a-year, and which were governed by mt ^ IH^h '« n be united to the more er . eat sees. ^ '^' '^'''"^^ 3d That the Irish , ' , and priors should be enjoined by apostol'-c authority to admit the . ,iish into a lay brotherho ,d in their mol tt^e:;^"^ establish a brotherly love and concord betwerX When the council concluded its business, Philip bislion of Pnrl- despatched to the king, who forwarded thos; resol^lioi^T L P t'eT be by him sanctioned with the weight of his authority. ' Ihe Pope thought proper to annex the three cathedrals of En.ch dune, Achonry, and Kilmacduuch, to the see of Tuam. Tlii affiU t kept a secret from the king, nor was it notified to the respect veb 1^^^^^^^ and chapters. The king, Edward III afteru-n-rl. n P ! ^ veariq^n f . fi r> , V, ^^^-J ^"ei wards complained, in the year 1330, to the Pope, when Malachy MacAeda, archbishop of Tuam seized he bishopric of Enaghdnne, by virtue of this union. Th ml of Cork, now dead, escaped the king's . resentment The junct^n o' Achonry and Kilmacduach was not attempted ^ ve J'f r !"tT^ 1 ^"'■^' '^'''^ ^" ''-'' "»*^ ^^fo^« the end of that year, John le Blond, canon of Cork, was elected to succeed. Ho ihe sat a short tune or was never consecrated John de Baliconingham, rector of Ardwinhin, in the clocese of Pown, was appointed to the see of Cork in the year 1330 • fhn Tf Pope anmilled his eleccion to the see of Down a tt e olj'^^^^^^^^^^^^ setntr ;:r "^^ -' ^^^' "^^' ^---^ ~ ^^« ^^ John Boche, canon of the cathedral of Cork, and a man descended 218 ECCLK8U8TICAL HISTORY OF lEELAOT). i i of a noble family, elected by the dean and chapter in 1347, was consecrated by Ralpli Kelley, archbishop of Cashel, about the Christ- mas of that year, lie sat ten years and six months, having died on the 4th of July, 1358. Gerald de Barry, a pereon descended of a noble and ancient family of the Barrys, and dean of Cork, was consecrated bishop of Cork in 1359, and sat upwards of thirty-four years, lie died worn out with sickness, in the 90th year of his age, on the 4th of January, 1393, and was buried in his own cathedral. Roger Ellesmere, a friar, succeeded, by provision of Pope Boniface IX., and having sworn ftalty to the king, obtained tlie temporals in March, 1396. lie sat in this see ten years, and died in 1406. Gerald succeeded in the year 1406. Nothing more known of him. Patrick Ragged succeeded, and was translated to the see of Ossory, A.D. 1417. In the years 1415 and 1416, he attended the council of Constance, and wliile there, acquired a vast reputation for his learning and otlier endowments. Miles Fitz-John, dean of Cork, succeeded in 1418 ; consecrated in the same year, and died in the year 1430. During his incumbency, Adam Pay, bishop of Cloyne, strove to unite the see of Cork to that of Cloync. Tlie parliament not deeming tlie afiair witliin its cognizance, the cause was referrod to the court of Rome ; and those sees, on the deatli of Miles, wen ccordingly united by Pope Martin V. Jordan succeedei. m both sees, i-i 1431. Jordan was chancellor of Limerick, atid was promoted by provision of Pope Martin V. In 1465, attempts were made to deprive him of his see. William Roche, arch- deacon of Cloyne, by false suggestions to the Pope, representing that the Bishop Jordan was so worn out with age, and deprived of strength and sight, and therefore unable to discharge the pasforal otlices, obtained his appointi»ient as coadjutor of Cork and Cloyne, and by virtue there- of, seized all the rents and revenues of the see. To tjive effect to the jilot, Gerald, a clergyman of Cloyne, and be- fore then, the domestic of the prelate Jordan, caused some instruuu'iits t(t be forged, in which it was sol forth, that the aged bishop constituted this (ierald and John O'lledian, archdeacon of Cashel, his proctors, to make a resignation of his bishopric. O'lledian employed the bishop elect of Ardagh, who was then at Rome, as his substitute, to nuiko this resignation into Jho hands of Pojie fins II. On t/iis being done, tlie archdeacon of C^ashel obtaineil a provision for him to the sees. Bishop Jordan api)liod to the king and to the Pope; the latter sent n conmiis. slon to the archbishop of Cashel, and to the bishops of Exeter and Li- niericlc, authorizing them to nuiko a Bt " " inquiry the case oj' ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0BT OB' lEELANT*. 219 bishop Jordan, and if found, as Jordan represented, to remove the co- adjutor, and also compel him to return an account of the revenues of the sees. Bisliop Jordan succeeded, and was restored to his riglits ; he after- wards continued quiet in the possession of his see during life. The year of us death is unkno%vn. His incumbency continued over thirty years. Gerald Fitz-Eichard, who was so active in invading the rights of Bishop Jordan, succeeded. He appropriated the vicarages of Clonmolt, Danigin, Donilbane, and Bally-espillany, to the abbey of de Chore Le^ nedicti (Middleton), and died in the year 1479. William Eoche, who by false suggestions, was appointed coadjutor to Bishop Jordan, succeeded in 1479, and resigned in the year 1490. Six years uftorwards he procured a pardon from Henry VH., for being implicated in the rebellion of Perkin Warbeck. Tliady MacCarthy, called by some Mechar, succeeded in 1490, by provision of Pope Innocent VHI. Died in 1498. Gerald, bisliop of Cloyne and Cork, resigned in 1499. John Fitz-Edmond descended of the Geraldincs, succeeded by pro- vision of the Pope, on the 26th June, 1499. The year of his death is not ascertained. John Bennct or Ferret, died in 1530. Lewis MacNaniara, a Franciscan friar, was appointed to the sees of Cork and Cloyne, by the Pope, but did not obtain possession of the temporals, as Henry VHI. thrust a schismatic, Doniinick Tirrey into occupation, which he held about twenty years. Lewis, died a few days after his appointment at Eonio. John Iloyodon, canon of Elphin, was appointed by a papal provi- sion also, in Novemljcr, 1540. Edmund Tanner was bishop of those sees in 1580. Was grievously persecuted in Elizabotirs reign. William Tlierry, bishop oi' those sees in 1020. Eichard Barry, bishop of those sees in 1C4(} ; was a doctor of sacred theology. IliH name is ai.ponde.l to the sentence of excommunication which the nuncio Einuccini issued in 1348 ; subscribed the resolutions of Jamestown, and again signed the commission of the celebrated Ki- cholas Frenclr bi.Iu.p ol' Ferns, and of Sir James Preston, to the Duko of Lorrain. Norbort or Eobort tiled ii. 1007. Peter Creagh succeeded, and was translated to Dublin. John Baptist Skynno, succeeded in 1701 ; died in 1709. Denis MacCai I liy su ^coode.l. Year of his death is not recorded. Timothy Ma(«('iirtliv, hiul.r... in irin - - - r ••• ' '■•■ Tlie 800 of Cloyno is again reconstituted by Benedict XIV . in the yenr 1748. ili It 1 I 220 ECCLESIASTICAL lUSTGKr OF IRELAND. Richard Walsh, bishop of Cork, appointed by the illiistrioua pontiff Benedict XIV. Richard, it seems, was living when Thomas de Burgo, bishop of Ossory published his " Ilibernia Dominicana." Honorable James Butler, afterwards Lord Dunboyne, succeeded. Was translated to Cashel. In the year 1787, James Butler, in order to gain possession of his family estate, lenounced his religion in the parish church of Clonmel. Faith is a precious gift, which does not depend on man's strength-it is the boon of heaven, more precious and more valu- able than all the perishable goods of life, to which man is so attached ; and as those things require care and economy, and a faithful dispensa- tion in their use and application, lest they be wasted and consumed, so It 18 Avith this holy gift. In order to retain possession of it, humility, prayer, and grateful acknowledgments to the Father of mercies, who abundantly showers his graces and benedictions on his children, are ne- cessary. The best and first of Christians have lost their faith. Ue who stands should beware lest he fall. Lord Dunboyne persevered in this wretched course, until May, 1800, when sickness reminded him of his defection from the Catholic church, and of tlio imperative obligation of quickly returning to the fold which he deserted. In that month, the archbishop of Dublin, Doctor Troy, received two letters from Lord Dunboyne, with which his physi- cian. Dr. Purcell, had been entrusted ; one of which. Lord Dunboyne desired to be addressed to the Pope, expressing contrition for the rash act he had committed, and soliciting his reception into the bosom of the Catholic church. The letter to Rome was accordingly forwarded by the archbishop of Dul)lin. But his illness becoming too serious to admit of delay, Dr IVoy directed the Rev. Dr. Galian, for whom Lord Dunboyne entor- taiued the highest esteem, to proceed to the castle of Dunboyne, and comply with the wishes of the dying prelate. During this illness. Lord Dunboyne bo(iuoathed to the trustoea of Maynooth college, an estate, which he possessed in the county of Meath ^•orth £1000 per annum ; however, this legacy was contested by Lady Dunboyne, with whom, in virtue of an act of parliament made specially lor thia occasion, a compromise was efioctcd, and half of the ..riginal Bum has, in consequence, become the i)erma,ient property of the college. This annuity, together with a sum of £700, which the parliament granted in tJie year IHla, through the influence of Vesey FitxGerald, member for the county of Clare and chancellor of tlie Irish excluMjuer,' 18 applied to the maintenance of twenty atiidentx, selected from the most distinguished members, who have completed the umml r.o.,i,n nf studies m the college. Tlieir time is devoted to the study of occlesiw- H'^ E0CLK8MSTICAL HTSTOBT OF IBELANB. ^21 tica history, canon law, the Hebrew language, and to the composition ot dissertations on various theological subjects. This important estab- lishment, "since called the Dnnboyne," was placed under the superin- tendence of the Rev. Charles MacNally, now bishop of Clogher in the year 1828, and is at present ably and efficiently conducted by the Verv liev, John O'llanlon, D.D. ^ During the trial of the suit, which Lady Dunboyne instituted, at Trim, Dr. Gahan, who attended the dying prelate, was one of those who underwent six painful examinations in the chancery office, on previous occasions, and wns directed to answer various questions, to which he could not concc. lously respond. "His refusal" was declared by Lord Kilwarden, wlio presided at the trial, as a "contempt of court '' and the venerable Gahan was sentenced to undergo a week's confine- ment in the prison of Trim. To his sentence he submitted with forti- tude and Christian resignation, affirming and assuring his lordship, that like _ Eleazar of old, he would sooner lay his head on a block and for- feit Ins life, than reveal the secrets which had been disclosed to him in the ministerial discharge of his duty." Ho was soon after, as he had acted from principio, discharged by the decision of the court. Francis Moylan was translated from Kerry in 1786. Died nniver sally regretted in the year 1815. Florence MacCarthy, coadjutor to Doctor Moylan, in 1800: died 5n 1810. John Murphy, consecrated in April, 1815; accompanied Daniel Murray, the archbishop of Dublin, on his journey to Rome, as the repre- sentatives of the L-isli bishops, when the vetoistical arrangements were m contemplation for the Irish church. During an incumbency of thirty yean,. Doctor Muq^hy accumulated the largest private librar. in Ire- and. He died in 1847. William Dchvny succeeded. Was consecrntod in August, 1847 and now liappily presides.* ' ' 223 ECCLESUSnCAL HISTOKY OF ffiELAND. CHAPTER XXU. h li'ii DIOCESE OF KILLALOB. Called after Saint Lua or Molua; the prefix Mo being a tern, of endearment, which the Irish frequently used in speaki..g or wrltin" o Among tJie benefactors to the church of Killaloe, are reckoned Monertaeh O'Brien, king of Ireland, who died in March lioo, andwl o was bur.od here, according to his o.n desire; and Donald O'Brie" kmg of Lnnenck of the sa.no Ounily, and mucli celebrated by Irish h^tonans for l„s bounty and liberality to this, and numy other churche. About the end of the twelfth century, the ancient see of Roscrea 2-"exed to that of Killaloe, so that the united se^s contained at that t,me one hundred and sixteen chapels. The church of Killaloe was much frequented by pilgrims. i^'"aioe Saint Flannan, the first bishop of this see, was the son of King Tlieo- dor,c or Turlougl, of Thou.ond, who retired fron. his throne, ar.d Z .mned the monastic habit fron. St. Cohnan, at Lisn.ore. It is said that St. Colman afterwar.ls ponnitted bin. to return to his kin^do,,,, for the I>«rpose of repairing the ravages which it endured. Ilavh.g diLl some t e after, tins p.ous prince was buried in the church of Killaloe, to ^^luch he luul been a generous benefactor. Tbe bh-th of St. Flannan it -ms, took p ace between 0.0 and im J,o is .tyled tbe disci,X'o M.I in to., t volunttinly rosmu'd in tim vonr 10/.7 , i"-^"i(i m ]i,,.']. Isaac This Lisliop di :,' ; ;'^ 7:i;"^1 '"Z '""•>« -^'> Kin, Echvanl I. vent of DUinicar. ' ' ^' "'"' ^^'"^ ''"'•'^"^ '^^ ^-'''^'-i^k^ i" a con- Maun.0 0',ro,an, HncccHod in 1281 j .. el.antor of the soo when if^ ECCLESUSTICAI, HI8T0BT OF IRELAOT). ■ 'm elected, and obtained the temporals the year following. Having sat sixteen jea:^, he died A.D. 1298, and was buried in his own church David MacMahon, dean of Killaloe, was elected bj the chapter, and obtamed the temporals in April, 1299; consecrated by Stephen O'Bro- gan, archbishop of Cashel. He died in 1316, having presided seventeen Tliomas O'Cormacan, archdeacon of Killaloe, succeeded in 1316 He died about July, 1321, and was buried in the church of Killaloe .. ^^"^'^',^* O'Cc^cry, dean of Killaloe, wa« elected and consecrated in the year 1322. He sat only three years. David of Emly-MacBrien-succeeded by papal provision, in 1326. He died in December, 1342. Tliomas O'Hogan, canon of Killaloe, was consecrated in 1343 He church ^'''^''' ^'^^' '""^ '""" ^""""^ '' ^''"'^^•' '"^ '^' Franciscan Thomas O'Cormacan, archdeacon of Killaloe, was appointed bv the provision of the Pope, and received the rite of consecration in ^355 Tliomas died m 1387, and was buried with his predecessors in the churcb ot Ivillaloe. Mathew MacCragh, dean of Killaloe, was advanced to the see br provision of Pope Nicholas IV., in 13S(», and obtaine<^ the temporals in 1391. He sat m 1400. Robert do Mulfield, a native of England, and a Cistercian monk, of Melsa in Yorkshire, succeeded, by provision of Pope Alexander V.. on the 9th of September, 1409. ' Donagh MacCragh wa« the next successor. He sat in 1428, and died the year after. ' Eugene O'Felan succeeded, and died in 1430. Thady MacCragh succeeded, by provision of Pope Martin V in 1430 ; obtained the temporals in the year 1431. '' Frederick O'Lonergan is said to have succeeded. James O'Ghonclan was bishop in 1441. Terence O'Brien I. succeeded, by provision of the Pope, and was barbarously murdered by Brien O'Brien, at Clonniada, in the year Thady is said to have succeeded, in 14(50. I„ the following year ho renewed and exemplified the foundation charter of the abbey of Kil money, within his own diocese, and in the county of Clare. Some omit • this prelate in the succession of the bishops in this see. John MacCragh, Maurice O'Canasa, Demod MacCragh, of whom nothing is known, except the names. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOKT OF IBELANP. 225 Mathew or Mahoiin O'Griffa, bishop of Killaloe, died jn 1482. Terence O'Brien II. succeeded ; was a prelate of great account among liis people, for his liberality and hospitality. Was more addicted to martial pursuits than became his sacred character. This prelate died in 1525. Eichard Plogan, a Franciscan friar, succeeded in 1525, and was translated to Clonmacnois by Pope Paul lU., on the 16th of June, 1538. He died in a few days after. ^ James O'Corrin succeeded, and through love of retirement resigned nis see in 1546. Cornelius Ryan was bishop in 1558. Terence O'Brien III. obtained the see in the reign of Queen Mary and sat in the year 1566. He died A. D. 1569. John O'Molony succeeded, was livino- in 1648. Tliomaa O'Molony, doctor of sacred theology, lived in 1650. ' John O'Molony was living in 1674. Patrick MacDonagh, in 1741. William O'Meara, translated from Ardfert or Kerry, in 1747 • dion in 1762. ^ ' Michael Peter MacMahon, consecrated in 1765 ; died in 1807. James O'Sliaiighnessy, consecrated coadjutor in 1799 ; died ki 1819. Patrick MacMahon, who succeeded, died in 1835. Patrick Kenedy, consecrated in January, 1836. Supported the English government in their Catholic bequests bill ; accepted a commis- Bionerslnp under same, but yielded to the remonstrance of his cler^ry Daniel Vaughan, consecrated in 1851, now happily presides. " 15 •f-:i ! I 226 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAOT). CirAPTER xxin. 111 SEE OF ARDFERT OR KERRY. M«g«h O'ltoan, bishop of Ardfo«.-Bre„J„„ JioJ i„ ,o„9 . _ M„cRo„„,, ea„„U bis,,„p of Ko„,v, .sis.cj a. .„„ ,„„„,/;; k„,„ Giolla'MucAiblon O'iranmada, died in IIGC Donald O'Conarchy. called l.i.hop of West Munstor, died in 11^3 muan or West Minister, died in 1207 n 1,0 „.p,trj. „f ,l,a. abbey i, i, „,,,.«, ebat Jo ,„ b III „, ArdU,r,, b„,„l« ,„„„y valuable book, „„„ „,,„„„„ „, Lb 'be «to%raI, gave to it also n noble la,w sf„„p „f „ l.l,,,- i witu w,,i.e,.o„n„o„,,e„iio. .1.0 se,;:,::::: :::,:; ;:;:c^^ to luvp Treat vi-fiio ,-.. iM„„t.'„ .i? i . - - i_ le^if.nta vp rreat virtue in lunatic disoidei-s : it ; It was bound witli a sil vei BC3CLE8U8TrCAL HI8TOEY OF IBFXAND. 227 hoop, in which were enclosed many relics TT» oi.^ xi ;«™ .... .„ w Of ,«. :r iLiiz: r: „:r*:' same year. Gilbert resigned the see in 1237 x^ovemuer, ij,^(. Erendan having crovernpd th^ =-.„ a Philip, who succeeded, died in 1963 4o'2rrtr:;'ATTT f • 't ''■■*°'" -* ""'^-^ «>» if.cl.ol •, succeeded, in 1285. S„t only ,„„ yeare. JMcnolaii,aci8torcianmonkandaMmf nfn.i„ • , Kerry, „ae consecrated in 1288. Nicho i di ^ ^^' '" *' """"^ »' ■'" «» J-ear .386, havin, sa. ibrty-^lS..^; ' " '"" °''™""'' °"'»- Sir John Woo-an i„«tlco of . ^ 'f "' ^* ^''« ^'""-^h of Ardfert, before of Bri.o,, and ^C'^lI^^'t^lJ^t^^'^ ^^7/^'""""" «»ay the corpse of Jol.n de Cantelnoe L , ' "''''-' '"■""« for beating and ill-n™,. .l,e , " ° '^;',,!"'! ^"''''"^'^ *««•'"=■■«. ""-1 "".nication, f„rl,i.ldin''' l-late'died'io Geo%, bisliop of Limerick, sat in 1217. Ednunid, bishop of Limerick, died in 1222 Hubert de Burgo, a prelate, descended of a noble fixrail-^ and prior of the monastei-y of Athiissel, in the countv of Tu... •"°"- a"^* P"or 122" and obtninori th. , , , "^ I'Pperruy, succeeded in ii-_, ami outamec; the temporals in t iif vnn>. u i., factor to the the .1, to tL canorTd^.:. '^SJ^'"' ""^ A httle belore the death of this prelate, the bishops of Wand had ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF treLAND. 231 formed a project to deprive the king of ti:e custody of the temporalities of sees wlnle vacant, and also to obstruct their tenants from suing in the kmg's courts, without the Pope's assent. Hubert de Burgo was se- lected by the Irish bishops, to arrange this affair at Eome. Tliis attempt alarmed the king, wlio instructed his agents at the court of Eome to resist and oppose any such effort, with all their might. Hie death of de Burgo, in 1250, prevented his journey, and put an end to the design ot the prelates. ° Eobert of Emly was elected by the dean end chapter in the year 1251. In the year 1253, Robert granted to Thomas of Woodford, dean ot Limerick, and to his successoi-s, the benefices of Carnarthj and Rath wward. Robert died on the 8th of September, 1272. Gerald de Mareschall, archdeacon of Limerick, succeeded in 1272 and was consecrated by the archbishop of Cashel ; he obtained the tern' poral8,-the kmg reserving for one year to himself, knight's fees, advow- sons, wards, reliefs, and escheats. Robert recovered a great many possessions of his see which otliers had unjustly nsurped. In 1297 he obtained ludgment against Richard Myatli, for one messuage, one plow- , and, and four hundred acres of wood, with their appurton.nces, in the knds of Lisredy, which his predecessor Robert hud granted to said Richard, without the consent of the chapter of Lir.ierick. He governed tins see twenty-nine yeai-s, and died on the 10th of Februarv isoi Tlie constitutions of this preL-e are extant in the registry of the'iishopi of Limenck, ^ Robert of Dondonyl, canon of the cathedral of x-unerick, succeeded by election of the chapter, and was consecrated in 1302. T^e obt-ined the temporals in the September of that year. Je sat almost nine yeai. and was buried in his own church. Eustace del Ewe or Watei-s, dean of Limerick, was consecrated before the close of the year 1.311. He expended large sums of money in adorning and repairing his clinrch, and having finished it, dedicated his cathedral in July, 1327. He died on the 3d of May, 1336. having enjoyed the see upwards of tw....y-four years, and was buried in hk own church. Maurice Rochfort or de Rape, was consecrated at Limerick, on the otli of April, 1337. An information was exhibited against him for pro- venting the subsidy from being levied, whicli the parliament granted to the kmg. He was some time deputy to Sir Thomas Rokeby, justice of Ireland. He died on the 9th of June, or in Apiil, 1353 Tlie annals of Nenagh style him a "man of a good life and honest convoiNation. Stephen Lawless, chancellor of the cathedral of Limerick, succeeded It I ii S83 ECCLESIASnCAL UISTOKT OF IRELAND. I II «! \i ! I j in 1354, and obtained the temporals from the king. Stephen died on the feast of the holy Innocents, 1359. Stephen de Valle or Wall, dean of Limerick, succeeded in 1360, by provision of the Pope. He presided nine years, and was treasurer of Ireland. Was translated to the see of Meath, where ho sat ten years and having died at Oxford, in November, 1379, was buried there in a monastery of Dominicans. While he was bishop of Limerick he trans- lated the bones of Richard Fitz Ralph, archbishop of Armagh, com- monly called Saint Richard, of Dundalk, from Avignon to Dundalk, the bn-th-place of that archbishop, and deposited them in a mounment in the parish church of St. Nicholas, in that town. In a parliament held at Trnn, in June, 1485, a chantry was coiitirmed in this church of St Nicholas, at Dundalk, "in Iwnor of God, the blessed Virgin, St. Nicho^ las, and St. Richard, of Dundalk." Tlie virtues of Fitz Ralph, archbishop of Annagh, were so great, and the miracles ascribed to him were so many, tliut Pope Boniface IX issued a bull to John Cotton, arch' ''shop of Armagh, Richard Youn.. bishop elect of Bangor, and to the abbot of Osiicy, near Oxford, to hofd an enquiry concorning the truth of those miracles,— the result of the commission vanished in silence. On account of Lis opposition to the Regulars, some have treated him and his writings with indiifereiice. Jkllarmine think, his writings orght to be read with caution : othere allowing him to have been a man of great accomplishmenlP. rank him among the heretics ; but the celebrated Luke Wadding, though not in- clined to favor him, vindicates him of such a ibul asj)ersion,"and adiis, that Ralph never departed from the unity of the church, having sub- mitted all his writings to her correction and decision. Peter Curnigh or Creath, a native of the county of Dublin, wa» elected in 13(39, and having sworn fealty to King Edward III., obtained the temporals. Iji Luko Wadding's works is recorded a bull of Pope Gregory XI dated at Avignon, the 20th of August, 137«, in which are enumera'.d tlie charges against Poter, blsliop c.f Limerick, by the archbishop of Caslio , wl ) was c<.iiservator of tlio privileges of the Franoiscan friars in Ireland. Ihc whole matter was referred to Simon Sudbury, arch- bishop of Canterbury, who was armed with authority to en"""""'i«J '« «1'0W all .nd pco,„e of wi:;:' :^^^^^^ H. derg, June, 1210, the Pope, Innocent III, co Zlj j "'"V"""- I» den,, and canons of the c„.l,cd,„l of C* E , T""'"'","' "'' Angnst, 12i7. ' """ *"'"'' ""'"'P »' Walerfo,.d in Stephen I. lat in 123S n,ul in 10411 ...o";',i',"ot;:;;,:i ;;;r::;:r;:rt :, ""t" "',"'° "^- -" w.ter „. ... „,„i h;rde:!,°:;:;i:r,:."r..:ix, ,. o onj,„n,ng „ cont,o„, tl,ut „„ precedent should 1,„ 1 I ■h IP 1. ilip .1 ^i II "'ii 288 ECCLESIASTICAL HIBTOKT OK lEELAND. established thereby, on the part of the dean and chapter. Walter was, in consequence, consecrated in 1255. This prelate died A.D. 1272. Stephen de Fulbum, an hospitaller, was consecrated bishop of Wa- terford in 1273, and obtained the temporals in January, 1274. While he was bishop of this see, he made, with the consent of his dean and chapter, an exchange of the manor of Ballyderniot for that of Money- muntre, with Henry Fitz-John Fitz-Philip. In the year 1280, Stephen was translated to the see of Tuam, and obtained its temporals in the Sep- tember of that year. Walter de Fulbum, a Franciscan friar and chancellnr of Ireland, succeeded his brother Stephen, in 1286. He died in 1307, and wa^j the lirst Franciscan who sat in the see of Waterford. Mathew, chancellor of the cathedral of Waterford, was elected on the 14th of December, 1307. Mathew died in December, 1322, and was buried in his own church. Nicholas Welifed, dean of Waterford, was consecrated on Palm Sunday, m 1323. He presided fourteen yeai^, having died in 1337. Richard Francis, succeeded in the year 1338, and obtained tho temporals in the April of that year. He died A.D. 1348. Robert Elyot succeeded in 1349, and was deprived by the Pope in the following year. The ause is not known. Roger Cradock, a Franciscan friar, was advanced to the see of Wa- terford by Pope Clement VI., in February, 1350. While this prelate sat in the see of W«torford, a contest arose between him and Ralph Kelley, archbishop of Cashel. The cause of this contest is related to have been, " Because two Irishmen of the Clankellans were convicted of hereby before the bishop, at the castle of Bunratty, in the diocese of Killaloe, and v-ere burned." According to Wadding, their cri.no was a cont.miely ottered to the Virgin Mary. It is also affirmod, that " the archbishop, a httlo before midnight, entered privately into tlie churchyard of tho Blessed Trinity, at Waterford, by tho little door of Saint Katharine, and accompanied by a troop of armed men, assaulted the bishop in his lodguigs, wounded him and nuuiy others, who were in hia company, and robbed him of hi. goods." And all this was done, it is said, by the advice of Walter Reve, who pretended to bo dean of Waterford, and ot Willmm Sendall, mayor of that city. Roger mxs translated to the seo of Landatr, in Wales, A.D. 1302, whore he sat twenty years. Luko Wadding asserts, that in acconlance with tho petition of Ralph, arch- bishop of Cashel, the sees oMIsmore and Waterford were united in the year 1363. laMBIASTIcjii. BBTOItV OF ffiELAJH). MSUOKK— ITS FOUNDATION. 2S> ^ Saint Carthag (bunded the aee of LUmore i„ the year „f^ T, ■ P«t,s,„,,ea.e. a.teKt, ..d of heeo„,-„, *^ Jl"- ff -";^ftrr;:;;:ir.hts.Se7 °' ^"*-^' '° "■» — * • pies, and regain,-,,, here fo, van'^atTn",'; " '"'' '"^ '"' "'="'• Though his g,.e.t sancHty, „ d t at' f" , o„! ' 'Hr'"^ '"*<"' protection against orucltj, thej. were c Z, "d t '° T""'" *""' nastcry „t liathenv hv R ,,1,,; """'.'^'""1"="°'' '" relinquish tlieir mo- after tiir expJCL \h: , . Si'::;: 1,: LT't'T ^ ""°" ^»'"*' fci, an,l obtaining the tract of hi^d in I ^'°° °"''""'''. 1'""™ of N.n- -..e;i there, andi-oundedi,:' !*:::;'';: 'irrof^rrtTra''^ "T soon bee an PTiUnnnpi c„^ j '""»^^V or tiiat place. It Of ,.roh.tc,:unt;;rz:;nr;:r. d"::r;;:;:'f:^r:-'"""-*" Its Jk.1j founder, Imving retired to . .nl n ' *''' ^■'^'' l^^^' town, spent tl.e a.st yeL o s lif ' ' '^ '' '^'^ ^"^' «"^ «^ ^''« a«eci,r::d;r:'ir„-:,-s --■-- . e„„sider. ""O f™ Scotla, d Dr'i,:, Tnd th ^Z""',"' "■" °"""''«' dVs of Wand's s|,lcndor, and ii tl^so JL " '° ""™ '" "'" -ore, returned to their \»,::wr::^^"^Z ;>'7" """■ country that ati-orded then, education and L;:;!!;' «'"""* '" "" ofliteratl ..»„„:,:,'";';;;:"' "f "■;."■ »'-l. .ho geni™ St. Carthag, t?,e schools of it ''"""' °' "'» '""j' foun.ler, .1.0 lo«™orCa,h : : ,';S :™7 '"" ■■;- oeh.br„ted nnde^ ^■a,* succeeded to the hi o.^i t . ' """'""' "'"' """"^ .«Ki, foretold the des,;:.;;:,,:? ^.^di'"""""' '- "•'^. "■"' ^o. i. » into tllfl roliirl.^iio «..J..l.l: 1 - _ - ch was more genial with his earlier habits of grayer and conte plu tion t us holy prelate resigned the see of Lismore in the year im ' of T ; '' fu-' ^"""''' ''"" ""'"^' '" ^^'^5 assisted at the co'nncil of Lateran held m that year. II. gave the church of St John a T more,to the abbey of Thomas-court, near Dublin. Th t „e of h s" :? rn W t? '"''""'' "•^'" ''' ^^^'^""^^" of Christian,!;^ ot J s dci h from the appomtment of his successor. Harris hinks hi^ death ought to be placed in 120C, and consider this prela to i mo re ^|e one who waa so grievously injured by Robert, bislop of Wo 1 The contest began in the year 1201), when David WaLh wis it^n „ , renewed by his successor, Rol-ort. If the prchite F iv .1 ' thujiHiured, 1. ..hi not be put down as ^t^LT^^^^^" Odanufi or O'lleda, a Cistercian monk, an.I a discinlo of Sf \r ^ chy. while that holy prelate sat in the clu ir of Do ' „ „ 'f ^"^'t esteem for his learning, sanctity and knowledge, 'i ". 1?"^^ cee e christian O'Conarchy in the see of Li™- ' i^ ^ Z Oll^a be. e.. the same, his incumbency mu.^ iiMbert of Bedford, so called from the place of his birth in r, i i i ' ! i ^43 ECC'LESUSTiCAL JII8T0KY OF IKKI^ND. J! If III llf:' m 1218. His election, on that account, was voided bv tbe kin-^'s council Ihe proctors of the chapter, Macrobius and David^ at onco renonncin.^ the iii-st election, produced authority li-om tlie canons of lismore en- abhng them to elect : whereupon, licence being given, they recilited Eobert ot Ledford, whom the king conlirmcd, giving him also the tem- porals the same year,-lie waa consecrated in London. Kobert of Waterford, who claimed the see of Lismore as united to his own sug- gested a fraud in the proceedings of the canons at Lismore, and sup- poi-ted his pretensions by exhibiting the lette,^ of John, cardinal priest oi fet. bteplien, on the Co^lian Mount, the Pope's legate for the orderin-. and unitmg of those bislioprics. ** Upon this petition tlie king annulled the election of Robert de Bedford, and directed that restitution of the temporals should be made m favor of Robert, bisliop of Waterford, but Robert, de Bedford ap- pealed from the king's order to the Pope, wlio referred the investigation ot the cause to his legate, Pandulph de Masca, bishop elect of Norwich Stephen Langton, archbisliop of Canterbury, and Benedict, bishop of Rochester. Having enquired into the matter, a definitive sentence wa^ given against the bishop of Waterford, and it was declared, that the union nuide by the former legate was void, and the election of de Bed- ford good and valid. The bishop of Waterford wivs moreover con- demned m the sum of three hundred .narks to the bishop of Lismore ior past profits and costs of suit. ' Robert de Bedford died soon after the tennination of the contest with the bishop of Waterford, A.D. 1222. Griffin Christopher, chancellor of Lismore, wa« elected to this see in the year 1223, but was not cor.ecrafed until 1227, as it appears he had not received the confirmation of his metropolitan. This prelate was the first wlio instituted vicars choral in the cathedral of Lismore Before his death he granted away eighty acres of land, two of mea- dow, eighty of wood, belonging to this see, to Philip Fit;:-A(lam Chris- topher, senior, without the consent of his chapter. Griffin died in 1246. Alan O'SulIivan, a Dominican friar, was translated to the ^co of Lismore from the diocese of Cloyne, in 1248, and died in 12.52 Thomas, Treasurer of Lismore, Wiis elected by the dean an 2r„/: twe 'tl°?l''''*''' '"'°'" ^""^ ph.n to the ,« of Tuam h^T°'. ' f "" "-""'""ion of Ste- i'n.bu™, Stephen. s:ccCrr.r:; w fr." '? "" ^*- composed in ,|,e year 1888 Waterford. It ,™ at laat Ti<^'^^°^ i^ °f »''^ ". «.e post .ga.-,.. Phi„p ta ..ut. He died a little before the C„f ill's T.— *' '- was baried i„ hi, own ehurch "' '" ""3, and «.eSro?rTiii^r;:f;z.r^^^^^^ «.f «„T:?;'.lr'-,„73r;T -*-«»<" - ^-aLnSanaa,, 8nb,id3,wl,:eh the parliament grant 'l ttrt ' ''°"? f""- "posing the John died a little before ChrilT 35V a,, ' T' '"^ T '"""" «""'^- cesMr, for reoo.ering the p».s« o„! „M '''''""•''=''«» of bi, »„e- *» prelate the « wl kept'^Tarr: ''I^ ^"'^ '"' "-"^ »' '-. - dti!!:;;,:::::-- ^ Awgno, >„ Reve died a ve^ old man AD 13 S / 7. ''"'^""-" ^I'ornas i: of Ireland for some time * ' '"^ ^''^ ^^^"' ^« ^^67, chancellor ^f the disputes between LpTel^:'^^^^^ T ""' '"" '"^" *''^ — --OUS to lite and to th. int'e^^^f ^ Trf ^^^^^ «-t were to record such quarrels between tho « 1 " ^^'^'^ntable to have and enforce virtue and J a^a .t,'" T!''''''' ^^ ^"^"^-^« propensity to acquire wealth and e to v'wi ' f ^ "i™ "^ '^ ^"^ -- in the laic, stimulates them to"^';; 1?^^^ T"'' '^ ^^"''^^ ^ It 18 worthy of remark that no such chCLf f . '" ""^ ''' ''"I''^^- the Irish church, until her «n.e.n" J _ ?'''°^"I ^^"d"*'* «^ok place in her sanctuary, and disgraced tho'v^rTZrof ''7^'^ ''*' P*"'"'"^^^ "* and excesses. "^^ """"^ "^ '-oligion by th6ir crimea ft«^ m ^p III III I; 2U ECCLK8IA8TICAI. HI8T0RY OF IRELAND. Eobert Eead, a Dominican friar, succeeded, in 1394. In two yeers after he was translated to the see of Carlisle, in England. Tliomas Sparkford, a secular priest, of the diocese of Bath and Wells, succeeded to those united sees, in 1396. Thomas died intestate, in 1397. John Deping, a Dominican triar, was consecrated in 1397 A pre- late of the name of Colby is said to liuve enjoyed the bishopric a very • short time, between the death of John Deping and the appointment of Thomas Snell, in 1399, the year in which Deping died. Thomas Snell, archdeacon of Glendaloch, having renounced all clauses in the Pope's provision, prejudicial to the king, and hpving sworn fealty, obtained the temporals in 1899; he sat about six j^^. and was translated to the see of Ossory in 1405. Eoger succeeded in 1405 ; sat three years and some months. John Geese, a Carmelite friar, succeeded in August, 1409, by provi- sion of Pope Alexander V. John died in December, 1425. He was a doctor of divinity in the univereity of Oxford, and a preiate greatly celebrated for his piety and learning. Whatever may be said of his learning, the impeachment of Eichard O'lledian, archbishop of Cashel, before the pariiament, does little credit to his piety. Eichard, archdeacon of Lismore, succeeded, by the provision of the Pope Martin V., in 1426. He died on the 7th day of May, 1446, and was buried at Waterford, in a monument fixed in the wall of his cathtd-al. A report of his death having been circulated, Thomas Eird, a Dominican friar, was consecrated in 1436, to preside ovor the sees of Waterford and Lismore, who died in 1446. Eobert Poor, dean of Limerick, succeeded in 1446. He obtained n licence from :iving Edward IV. to purchase lands in mortmain, for him- self and his successors, to the yearly value of forty pounds. Eobert died about the year 1471, greatly esteemed .r his charity and hospitality. Eichard Martin, a Franciscan friar and professor of divinity, was ap- pointed by the Pope to succeed, in Ma-ch, 1472. John Bolcomp, succeeded in 1475 ; was consecrated in this or the following year, and died in 1479. Nicliolas O'llenisa, a Cistercian monk and abbot of St. Mary's, of Fermoy, succeeded in 1480, by provision of Pope Sixtus IV. He sat but a short time. John, rector of Baudrip, in the diocese of Bath and Wells, was bishop of Waterford in 1482. Thomas Purcell, succeeded in 148(!. Tlie same year Tliomas took care to have the ancient charter of the church of Lismore. amons; it.^ other antiquities, transcribed into a registry, by his amanuensis, John BOCLE8IA8TICAL HI8T0BT OF IHELiND. ^45 E«s.sel. economist of that church ; it wa« afterwards destroyed by aa accideiita: fire, in 1617. j "j au Tliomas Purcell, died A.D. 1517. Nicholas Comyn, a native of Limerick, bishop of Ferns was tran<, aS L';: --^^^^t-^-d and Lismore,'in 1519. wZZ'Z Nicholas Fagan, abbot of Inislaunacht, was presided by the Pope Uied and was buried in this abbey, A..D. 1617. ' Patrick Comerford, of the order of St. Augustin, succeeded. Died an exile, at Nantz, in France. Was living in 1649. John Brennan was translated to Cashel, in 1676 Edward Connery wa. bishop of Waterford and Lismore, in 1685 Kichard Pierce, succeeded in 1701. Was in exile A D 1735 — Stretch, bishop of Waterford and Lismore, succeeded in '1736 • f; "'^^ ^I'^Sh or Crowe, succeeded in 1770 ; died in 1775 William Egan, elected in 1772, coadjutor, succeeded in 1775 i homas Hussey, elected in 1796 ; died in 1803 John Power, e'ected in 1804 ; died in 1816. Eobert Walsh, deposed ; died in Rome, 1822. Patrick Kelly, translated from Richmond, North America to Water ford and Lismore ; died on the 8th of October ' 829 ^^JVilham Abraham, consecrated in 1830; ced in the beginning of Aug'Iit 1 W.'^""' ''" ''""' '"''"' ''°""'*^' °° *^« 24th of iOB mJLpSI^TJpAL HISTOET OF IEE;,Ain). CHAPTER XXYI. PJOCESB 01' CLOYNE AND ROSa i> n Thk first of theso sees was founded by Saint Colman, about tho year 580. Colman was of roy^l extraction by his father's side, whose name was Lenine or Lenin, Pnd brother to one of tlie Saints Bridget. lie is sor-etimes syrjiamed Mitine, wlience it is to be inferred that he was a native of the district called Muskerry, in tlie count;- of Coik. llie time ox his birth is not knowr, but it was probably abrut the year 522. He seems to have devoted his early yeai-s to the study of poetry, and we are as? ired that he was domestic poet to the prince Aodh Caomh, who .vas raisea to the throne of Cashcl about tho middle of the si.vth century, and that he was present, together witli Brendyn of Clonfert, at his inau- guration in Maghfemyn, between Cashel and Clcninel. Colman, soon after, in accordance with the advice of Saint Brendan, renounced hia worldly pursuits, and is said to have repaired to tho Bcnool of St. larlath, at Tuam. Some say that he was the disciple of St. linbarr, of Cork, but it is not lihAy, as Colman must have been much older. Colman died, according to some, in the year GOt, or to others, in 604 ; ,18 festival is marked at the 24t]i of Xovember. It appean., that bt Colman became an eminent scholar, as he iias left a life of St. Senan of Inniscathy, written in Irinh metre, and in an elegant style. Ho was also a gre-it ')roficient in the scionco of the saints. The see of Ross was founded by St. Faelman, about the year 570 He IS also reckoned among the discij.lesof St. lMnl,arr, but he was prior to ti.at saint. He was Mirnamod Mongach, t. e. hairy, or accordiuK to r nother mter,,rotatiou, MacMongach, son of Mi.ngach. Before ho ostabh-shed himseltat Ross, Fuehnan was abbot of Darinis, (Maclania.dh,) now Molona, a small iniaud in tho river Blaekwafer county of Waterfoid. Tho school which he founded at I{.>hs wa. one of the most celebrated and frcjuented in the south of Ireland. St Fach- uan died at tho close of the sixth nentury, and his natalis, or tho day of his death IS marked on tho liih of August, lliis see has obtained the year iiamo le ia i^as a time He e are tvas tury, nau- dan, tho leof )eon i, in that nan >vaa 170. rior :to 118, or, of L'h- of he h '1 ECCLE8IA8TIOAL HI8T0RT OF lEELAND. 247 \ X u Q b) 3 b» name of Eoss. Alithre, because of the number of pilgrims who resorted thitlier. The see of Ross became annexed to that of Cloyne, in the eig.. aenth century, and has been again reconstituted by the present illustrious Pontiff Pius IX. St. Colman, first bishop of Cloyne, as already noticed. Of hia suc- cessors in the see, only five are recorded, until the coming of the Eng- iish. ^ Rechtaidh, the learned bishop of Cloyne, died A. D. b8i. O'Malvain, bishop of Cloyne, died in lO'Ji. ■ ii.n '^T^'^' O'Moriertach, flourished in the year 1140, and died about IHJ. llo IS called " a plain and modest man, excelling all othera in wipdom and chastity." O'Dubery or O'Dubrein, called abbot of Cluainvama, died in 1169. O Flanagan, died in 1167. Mathew .a. in 1171, and died about the year 1192-^upposed to have been O Mongagh,-if so, ho w.ts legato of Ireland, whose legatino authority devolved on Mnthew O'lleney, archbishop of Ca^l.p' Lawrence O'Snllivan, who succeeded, died at Lismore, iu 1204 Daniel, r'ied in 1222. Florence, archdeacon of Rolloghac, was elected bishop of Cloyne and at the Pope's request obtained the temporals on the 25th of Angnst! U2i In the February of the following year, the custody of the teiu! p<«ra!s was granted to Marian, archbishop of Cashel. Patrick, a Cistoirian monk, and who was prior of the abbey of Fer- moy, was confirnuMl by the royal assent in the year I22G Da^id Mackelley, dean of Casliel, succeeded, and w,L. translated to the see ot Cashel in 1238. Alan ()\S,dlivan, succeeded in 1240, was translated to the see of J^isinore in 124S. Daniel according to Luke Wadding, a Franciscan friar, was oonso- crafc.1 b.shop of this s.o in 1240. Upon his elecrioi. the doan and chapter refused to present him to the king for \m approbation; btit bv apostolic mandate directed to th , archbishop oi' C.v.,.e, and to tho bishops of Ivllaloe an.l Lismoro, procee.le,! to havJ fa consecrated The king became so offond.-d at this c.M.lncf, ti.,-' " ^ v.rt.He.l to restore him to the temporals, until U wa« prevailed uj > . Iv the .ngtat Hup,,],- onfions of some g land religious m >n ; (he chapter giving sieuHtv '.y patent, that they would not in future p.oceed to elect without the kings licence, «ud that the person elected shoi.I.i ,...«ont himself to tl,« king for hm npprobation, befo.o ..e would bo -.uns^^crated. Daniel died •n tho beginning of tlie year 1204, ami had beon a urelate much esteomed for his virtues, devotion, and wisdom. ^y^^Ktmam 248 In VI Reginald, wl !lO ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEY OF IBELAND, Down, obtained 1265. He died about the close of the year 1273. the see of Cloyne in in ifsT ^'^^""''^'"' ^ ^'^''^^^^^ friar, succeeded in 1274; he died ^ Nicholas de Effingham, an Englishman, succeeded in 1284, and ob- tained the temporals in September of that year. He died i; a vet adva,.ced age, A.D. 1320, having presided upwards of thirt'six Maurice Osolehan, archdeacon of Cloyhe, succeeded in 1320, and died „i 1 33, m the thirteenth year after his consecration. In con id^ ut,on of t e poverty of the sees of Cloyne and Cork, King Edward IH 10 rn-ed a dcs.gn to unite them, and with that view wrote to the Pone' M'ho agi-cod w.th the king in the propriety of the measure, and accord Wje, then bishop of Cloyne, applied to Pope Gregory XI. to remedv he loss, and obtained an exemplification of the buU which John XXI f Juki be ore granted; but the project of the union was not accompli hed •■> t'l the year 1430, when Jordan, bi.l.p of Cork, was promot d to ^di sees o„ the death of Adam Pay, bi.liop of Cloyne, who used eve ; ellort to bring this union about. ^ wickt"^' Cumba a Cistercian monk, of tlie abbey of Combe, in War- ^^r:::::T '" ^■^■'^•^"^'^P--- ^^ «- pope, and 'obtained ijic itm])oiais m tlie same 3'ear. John Brid abbot of the CIsiercian abbey of Louth Park, in Lincoln- slnre, England, succeeded. Nothing ...ore known of this prelate to the see , was cr,ufi„.KH , Popo, and obtained the temoorab, irom he k.ng, having renou .1, d.-.uses in the bull of the P t.^ prejud.eut to the royal interest. Jolm died in February, 13.11 ' John do Swafham, a Carmelite f.-iar of the abbey of Ivn in tl,n county of Norfolk, and doctor of divinity of the univeLuy of C, h^. go, was c..,.ecrated bish.>p of Cloyne in 1303. John was'..:..U ItVxr '"' "' '''"'"' "" '"' '' "'•^•"^' ''''^ ^- Pope liffite" " ''"'"^""" '"' ^"^ ^"'^"^ ^'^'^ ««"'»«^ tl'^ Wick- Kiohard Wyo, n Carmelite friar, was a.lvanced to the see of Cloyne by prov.s.on of Pope Gregory X 1., and obtained the temporal, in the ^r L s'ho r'r."""'r '",' "•"' "-•>—•'-. 1-^ -as excom..,unieatod n 13H0 he tied mto England, anJJ lus dep, vati.., he took uj.n him.elf to act as bishop ; „ . ' '; iollowmg, lv.UK Itichunl H, who was then at Waterford ordered H.n to EOCLESUSTICAI, HISTORY OF IRELAND. ' 349 cLi^r^"^' """^ ^^'" '"^ ""'^"^^ *« ^«t«^ K««kett, aicLbisliop of _ Gerald Canton, an Augnstin hermit, and vicar-general of that order m L-eland was promoted to the see of Cloyne by provision of Pope Boniface IX., and was restored to the temporals in November, 1394 lierald was sittmg on the 14th of May, 1407. Ada^nPayor Pye succeeded. Was sitdng in 1421, and in that year had disputes with the bishop of Cork in a parliament, assembled at Dubhu, about the union of Cork witli the diocese of Cloyne ; the parlia- ment took no cognizance of the nuvtter, as it properly belonged to the 1 ope. Ihis prelate died in the year 1430. i^.n''''r '^"?'''"^ ''' '^'' ''' "^' ^'^"^'"^' ""^^^-i t« «'*t of Cork, in 1430 feee Cork and Cloyne for the catalogue of the bishops who .^ov- erned both sees, until the year 1748. gacli, already noticed. Do„eg„l MacFol»ct, „-l,„m O'Hahcrty ,„Aos tl,e hventj^ovenft " Dongahis, ft Fachtna, ter nonus cpiscopus, extat, Liigftdia de Uc^iitc, dedit cui Rossia mitrani. This disticli has been translated by the Rev. Mr. Dunkin— " Hail, happy Ro8>, ! tl.at could produce thrico nine All iiiitrod Nugos ot" Lugadia's lino, From Faclinaii, crownd with everlasting praise, Down to the date of pious Dungal'a dajs." Benedict was bishni) of Koss in 117'^ nn,! ....f ni * • i. jj,.f^,p i "' ^^"«8 in iii.., and sat about eighteen years Maurice, wlio succeeded, 1100 ; died in 1190. Daniel, a Hcculttr priest, who obtained the see by forged letters to the Po,.eto'c\f'''''1 •''"'■"! ^'"''"' ^'•""' ^"'^''''l'^' '""' tl'us deluded the Pope confirm him ,„ the «eo of Koss. Florence and another monk of Koss, liavmg repaired to IJonie, each of ,hcm asserting his claim to the -" "'-m-'-' -• »• - $ , - SffO KCCLESIASTICAL HISTOBY OF lEELAND. ot the two monks, and declare the one chosen according to the canons, the bi«hop of Eoss. Having proceeded to enquire, the delegates cited Daniel to appear, on three occasions, to which Daniel paid no attention Tliey then enquired into the claims of the other parties, and finding that the opponent of Florence waa not even put in nomination : and it ap- pearing that Florence was canonically elected, who had the concurrent testimonials of the clergy and people of Eoss, of the king of Cork, and moreover, the prelates of the province, they confirmed the said Florence by apostolic authority. During those proceedings. Pope Celostine died, and Innocent III was advanced to the papal chair, and Daniel again repaired to Eome,' where he endeavored to support his cause, as he began it, by fraud and falsehood. He was at length ousted, and his competitor Florence established in his see. Florence succeeded; was sitting in 1210, in which year he was sus- pended by the Pope from the power of ordaining, for having conferred three ordei-s in one day, on William, bishop elect of Emly. Florence died in the year 1222. Eobert or Eioliard, who succeeded Florence, was sitting in 1225. Florence O'CIoglicna, resigned in 1252. Maurice, a niinorite, and chantor of Cloyne, succeeded in 1253 Maurice obtained licence from the Pope to resign, and in 1'>C9 the archbishop of Cashel was empowered to receive his cession of' the aiocese by Pope Clement IV., and absolve him from all obligations to the church of Eoss ; the Pontiff in his letter, added, that Maurice was incompetent to govern the see of Eoss, both from his want of learning and the weakness of his constitution. " Walter O'Mitchaiii, a Franciscan friar, succeeded in 120!). Sat five years, and died in 1274. Peter O'lliillican, a Cistercian nwmk, was consecrated in 1275, and ftlso obtained the ti iiiporals. Peter died in 1200. I^wrence, a canon of Eoss, was elected in 1290. He sat nineteen yeai-s ; died in l.-JO!), and was buried in his own church. Mathew (J'Fin, wl,o was an abbut, was ch.-sen by tlie dean and chapter on the 8th of March, i;iol>. Mathew recovered saveral p««. sessions of his see, which liad been unjustly usurped by Thomas liar- ret and Philip >.> PhotogTdphic Sciences Corporation ^Q'^ ^V^ 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WMSTMN Y )4SS0 (716) •73-4303 ^^' ^ A % ^\- tB6 J!CCT,K8IA3TI0AL HISTOKY OF rRKLASTD. I T--i and within five miles of Westport ; it has been, and is still visited by pilgrims, particularly on the last Sunday in summer.) Having finished his retreat on the mountain, St. Patrick repaired to a district, not far distant, and is said to have baptized some thousands of people— the name of this place was Corcothemne. In the tract, called Finmagh, a superstition of revering a fountain, which the people considered as containing soinething divine, attraoted his attention, and against which he directed his zeal. The worship of water was a preva- lent superstition, and some, who adored water as a propitious deity, re- garded fire as a bad one. Tlie Tripartite relates, that the well of which we treat, was called by tliose foolish people the " King of the waters," and who worehiped it as a god ; and this superstition was much enhanced by the fact that a certain magus, who was an ardent votary of this practice, got himself buried under a stone in that fountain. Proceeding northwards, he arrived in the martial territory, now called Tyrawley, where the seven sons of king Amalgaidh were dispufr- ing the succession to the principality, which liad been recently decided by the monarch Leogaire, in favor of Enda Crom. T\ie princes and people were assembled at Fiurach Mac Amhailgaidh, now Mnllifarry, and hither the Saint directed his steps, preaclied to the assembly, gained over to his heavenly doctrines the king, the seven princes, and twelve thousand of the people, all of whom he baptized in a fountain, called the well of Enadharc. (This well is still to be seen on the eastern side of the ancient cattle of Mulifarry, and on the vercro of the lake. It is well known to tlio people around, and its water is used with comi)lete success in cases of diseai^ed stomachs, by those who know its properties.) It is said that he founded the church of Doninachmorc, over which he placed St. Muekin, as bishop, bvit we cannot ascertain the time in which this Saint lived, and it is more likely that lie hiv< been buried in this church ; its ruins (modern) are still pointed out on the town-land of Tawnaghmore, which is adjacent to the scene of the ajjostle's preaching to tlie a.s8cml)ly. Tiio festival of this Saint Muekin is observed on the 4th of March. I'he extraordinary progress wliich St. Patrick had made in the work of salvation, brought upon him the hostility and the luitreti of the Pa- gan priesthood of the territory. To oppose by argument the doctrines which Heaven 'had so plainly sanctioned, couhl only add to their morti- fication and give iVe-sh vigor to the cause of tnith. To recur to human agency in order to arrest the jjrogress of St. ;'atrick, would be equally •jseless, as by liis prayers tlie idol which was most venerated througli the country, lunibled into dust. A consi)iracy M-as then formed against B0CLKSIA8TICAL HI8T0KY OF IBELAITO. 257 his life, and his death regarded as the only means by which the with- drawal of the people from their ancient superstition could be prevented or retarded ; but Enda, one of the princes, who was converted, became cognizant of the conspiracy, and by his remonstrance and exertions de- feated the malice of those unhappy men. Nor did the crime they in- tended to perpetrate, pass unpunished. Recraid, the . liief conspirator, 800U experienced the anger of Heaven in his sudden death, and the ac- complices, warned by the fate of the chief, underetood the danger of mo- lesting f. man who was so visibly protected by the Almighty. According to the tradition of the country, and which is strengthened by the preceding narrative, this conspiracy was planned at Downpatrick, where St. Patrick held a disputation with the chief Druid, whosa altar he overturned, casting the fire of sacrifice into a cavern, which comma, mcatcs with the sea beneath, called to this day, "T 3 Pool, or Cavern of the Ancient Firo." On the first Sunday of August (Crom Dubh) the memory of this victory over the false worehip of the Druids is celebra- ted at Downpatrick. On an isolated rock of this promontory the ruins of the Pagan temple are still visible. Near Eallina, at Kilmoremoy, St. Patrick converted a prince, or no- bleman, Eochad, son of the former Monarch Dathey, whom he baptized in the well of that place, to which the people resort in memory of thi* event. Already haa been noticed the vision with which the saint was favored before he -engaged in the work of converting the Irish people. In that vision a letter seemed to be presented to him from the inhabitants of Fo- rlut, in which they entreated him to come and dwell among them. Tlii» Tillage is situated in the parish of Lacken, within three miles of IvJUala, and on a neighboring eminence where was a Pagan altar, lie erected a cross, the name of which still i)ori)etuate3 an event which brought joy to the people and delight to the saint. Tlmt eminence is called the " mount of the cross." Having crossed the Moy near its moni the apostle entered Ily-Fi achra (now the Barony of Tirorngh) and proceeded along tlio coast, bap- tized the seven sons of Drogon, one of whom he selected for tho ecclesi- astical state, and when duly instructed, was placed over tho Church of Kilroe, near Killala, of which this Mac Erca is tho patron saint. From tho river Sligeach (Siigo) ho proceeded onntward, and was op- posed by some of the inhabitants of Calrigia, who on his addressing them, became tranquil and sund for pardon. Desirous to become ac- quainted with tho churches he had already cstal)lislied in Bjscoramon. lie was badly received by tho family of Micorca, for whom Manons is stated to have interceded, thus averting the divine vengeance which was 5;58 EC0LESTA8TICAL HISTORY OF lEELAKD. to befall tliat family. Tlie saint returned to Calrigia, and at Droinaliare baptized Maccn then, of wliom we have no further account. He went along the maritime parts of North Connaught, through West Cashcl, and Drumcliffo. Every where by his prt-^ching and miracles, the cause of truth pro- vails and the gospel becomes triumphant. Though we cannot ascertain the number of churches which he foui.ded in this province, one thing ia agi-eed: that the reign of idolatry had ceased, and this brav and mar- tial people having embraced the gospel, its flame still burns in tlio brefists of their descendants, and tliose descendants ground down by persecution and driven into exile by necessity, or rather by the all-wise dispensations of Providence, continue to nourish that fire of faith wt.ich burns in the bosom of the Catholic Church, shooting its flames over the universe, parching error, consuming iniquity, illmnining every people with truth and justice, converting and sanctifying souls, according to the immutable decrees of Heaven. During the seven years which St. Patrick devoted to the province of Connaught, the name of Christ was made known in its remotest districts; however, as the temporary aimouncement of the gospel would confer only a transient benefit, St. Patrick guarded against so serious an omis- sion by selecting, as he progressed through the country, candidates whose piety and intelligence pointed them out for the all-important functions of the ministry. Many of tlioao the saint himself instructed, and tiie same important duty was discharged by the missionaries who accompanied St. Patrick. Tlius he was enabled to provide zealous pas- tors for the numerous congregations which he had established. IIavi!ig provided for the welfare of religion in every portion of Con naught, St. Patrick hastened to Ulster where, as yet, though the gospel was preached, few converts were made. Anxious to deliver them from the bondage of superstition, the Saint travelled through each district of that province, every where proclaiming the mystery of num's redemp- tion, and every where his labors were rewarded with abundant fruit, and to perfect the good work, he revisited the churches which were Ibundod m the beginning of his mission. In accordance with our plan let us now hasten to the records of the bishops who have presided in the sees of Connaught, that province to which St. Patrick so ardently devoted his ai")stolic labo.-g. I BOCJLKSIASTrOAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 259 BCCLESIASTICAL PROVINCE OK TUAM. Its first bishop, St. Jarlath, the son of Loga, of the noble house of Coamaicne, was probably bom about the begi ining of the 6th cen- tury St Brendan is said to liave received lectures on theology under bt. Jarlath. The first establishment of Jarlath is supposed to have been at Cluanfois, where he founded a monastery and a school which was resorted to by several students, among whom is reckoned Colman, 8on of Lenme. Tl.cnce he removed by the advice of St. Brendan, of Clonfert, to Tuam, where, being a b.'shop he established his see. Tliouxrh we know not the date of his consecration, it is certain that he was the fcrst Inshop of Inam; his memory is there highly venerated, and the cathedral .s dedicated m his name, ll.e year of his death is not known Ills festival ,s observed in the diocese of Tuam on th. (Jth of June tho,,gh the day of his death is marked in several calendar as the 26th of December He was buried at Tuam ; not in the cathedral, but in a chapel, ^ led that of Tl.e Shnne. Certain prophecies regarding hi. successor, m the see of Tuam are attributed to this saint, but the°y du not seem to be sufficiently authenticated Colgan has his doubt/con- cemmg them. Tl.is see was erected into an archiepiscopal one at tl,. Counc.l of Tvells, at which the Cardinal Paparo distributed the palliums As the See of Mayo was armexed to Ti.am, probably in 1210 or 1576 the followmg are the names of the bishops who governed this see : ' • 1 , ^r? \f fT '' '""''^ ^'^'^^P' ''"* '^'^ «^^* «f >»« consecration 18 doubtful. He shall be noticed again. See Monastery of Mayo St Muredach, the son of Tndrect, bishop of Mayo, died A.D 1'->r. Aidanus, bishop of Mnyo, died in 768. A blank of nearl y 400 veani occu,. m the nx^ords of his successors, O'Dunan, O'CnaiU, and O'Du^flty ^ele () Dubhaire, bishop of Mayo, died in 1209 _^^ Jtephen O'Braoin, archenach or chief governor of Mayo, died in .f M '"'? ^''""^'ir'' " ^''•""^'«^«" Friar, was advanced to the see of Mayo by Pope Martin v., on the 16th of July, 1428, and was de- prived m 14.10 for not expediting his provisional k«en,. Nicholas Wogomai, a Franciscan Friar, was promoted to the see, ra- cant by the deprivation of William. O'lliggin, bisliop of Mayo, died in 1478. Hugh, bishop of Mayo, died in 1403. John Bill, a Franciscan friar, was advanced to this see on the 5th of November, 1403. 260 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IKELAND Patrick O'llely, bishop of Mayo, consecrated at Rome in 15/8, lie ■was a native of the province, and a^ an early age he retired to Spain, where he carried on his studies with great applause, and joined the Se- raphic Order of St. Francis. His martyrdom will be noticed in its proper place. Eugene Mac Brehoun was the last bishop of Mayo. Among the successors of St. Jarlath, is reckoned Ferdonmach, who died A.D. 781. • Eugene Mac Clerig, called bishop of Connaught, died A.D. 969. Murchad O'Nioc, called Comorban, or successor of Jarlath, died, A.D. 1033. Aidanus O'lleisin died in 1085. He is called in the Annals of the Four Masters, " Comorban of Jarlath, and archbishop of Con- naught," Ercad O'Maelomair died in 1086. Connac O'Carrol died in 1091. Catasach O'Conuil died in 1117. Murgchius O'Nioc, called Comorban of St. Jarlatli, died in 1128 in the island called Inisan-Ghoill (Lougli Corrib.) Donald O'Dubhaig, archbishop of Connaught, died at Clonfert, A.D. 1130, and was buried on St. Patrick's day. Maurice O'Dubhai died on St. Brendan's day, 1150, in the 75tli year of liis age, and was buried in tlio Abbey of Cong. He was esteemed highly for his wisdom and liberality. In 1144 he convened a synod of twelve bishops and five hundred priests to devise moans for the ran- BOin of Ilory O'Connor, who was a prisoner in the hands of Tiernan O'Ronrke. Aidanus O'lloissoin succeeded in 1150; was invested with the pal- lium in 1152 by Cardinal Pajjuro. Tliis prelate convened a synod at Roscommon in 1158, in wl.'icli ?\n\ canons are said to have been made. He died in 1161, and was In i,od in his own cathedral under a monu- ment with an Irish epitaj)!!, giving him the title of Comorban to St. Jar- lath. His piety, learning, and liberality are celebrated in tlio Irish An- nals. In the year of his death, Roderick O'Connor, King of Connaught, built a castle of stone at Tuam. During the troubled reign of this mon- arch, the fine arts were not neglected by him, and he seems to have i.'ivon them all the encouragement which his means allowed. This edi- fice, called the "Wonderful Castle," on account of its constniction and strength, M-as a specimen of his skill and architectural judgment. Tlio cross of Tuam, whicli tin's j)rolate and Roderick O'Connor erected, is described as the finest of the kind to be found in Ireland. The shaft, the head, and base, are detached from each other and kept in different ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOBT OP lEELAOT). 261 localities. The base of this splendid monument of Irish art is before the portico of the Catholic cathedral, ihe head and shaft are thrown in the Protestant church-yard; though the langua„^e of Protestantism evinces a contempt for such relics, still they are forcibly retained. Their anti- quity may remind them of that loss which novelty stamps on the brow of their law Church; still to the mind of the beholder is brought the glory of the Irish Church, when Protestantism had no existence, and when the soil of Ireland was untrodden by English feet and unpolluted by English crime. Catholicus O'Dubhai, succeeded in 1161; he was a man of great weight and learning. He was sent to Englarid as ambassador to Rode- rick O Connor, monarch of Ireland, to arrange a treaty of peace be- tween the king of England and Roderick. He afterwards, in 1179 was sent to the second general council of Lateran, accompanied by othei prelates ; on their passage through England, they were ob'-ged to take an oath not to do anything prejudicial to the king or his kingdom. Cathohcus died at Cong, in a very advanced Age, A.D. 1201, havin.. governed the archiepiscopal see of Tuam forty yeare " Felix O'Ruadan, a Cist.rcian monk, and uncle to the monarch Roderick, succeeded A.D. 1201, and sat in 1235 ; when weary of his diarge, he resigned, and closed his days in the abbey of St. Mary, near Dublm, in 1238. He covered the church and bclfrey of St Mary's abbey, with lead. He was magnificently interred in the chancel of that^ cliurch. The annals of the abbey call liim « a man of pious mem- _ Marian O'Loghnan, succeeded in 1235. Ho was an eminent canon- ist and dean of Tuam, and on his election hastened to Rome to obtain the Popes conhrmation. He was approved, and invested with the pallmm, by Gregory IX. He undertook a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Tr l-"/; 7,? I^nockmoyhe appropriated the church of Kilfelge. He died at Athlone, before the Christmas of 1249 Florence Mac Flynne, chancellor of Tuam, and called in the public cords " subdeacon of the Pope," was elected archbishop of Tuam He undertook a journey to Rome, and was confirmed by the Pope, and on his return was consecrated at Tuam, on Christmas day, 1250 Tlio ee of Enaghdune being vacant by the death of Tl.omas O'Malley, its • There is extant a petition of this prelate to King Henry HI in wine tie arc bishop allege, that the church of EnaghduL wi parish church belonging to Tuam : that ho procured a bull from tho Fope to reduce it to a parish church, lis before: and as U was made a lI! 1! ! ;i ■ I i i! 262 ECCLESIASnCAL HISTOET OF IBELAjnj. see by the King's presenting two bishops to it, he besought the King's confirmation of tlie Pope's bull. The King assented on condition, but controversied were carried on for seventy-six years after, regarding the see of Enaghdune. Having taken a journey to England, accompanied by the bishop of Killala, to make complaints of certain grievances by which the Church v as oppressed, and to seek a remedy, before hia return Florence died in Bristol, A.D. 125G, leaving a great reputation for his learning and knowledge in the laws. He is said to have founded or built a house for scholars in the Dominican abbey of Athenry, and to have left excellent rules for the friaid. Welter de Salem, dean of St. Paul's, London, was advanced to this see by the Pope's provision. He died in London, on his return from Ptome, about the middle of April, 1258, without entering on his see. ITiomas O'Connor, bishop of Elphin, was elected archbishop of Tuam ; rook a journey to Eome ; was contirmed by the Pope, and in- vested with the pallii'm. He died at Tuam, in June, 1271), having gov- erned tliia see and that of Enaghdune twenty yeare. His learning and endowments rendered him worthy of his office. The see was kept va- cant for some time, during which the temporaid were returned into the excliequer. Stephen de Fulbum, bishop of Waterford, was translated to Tuam, by provision of the Pope, on the 12tli of July, 128G ; he wo^ of the order of knights hospitalei-s, and a native of Fulburn, in Cambridge- shire. With John de ITtford, who was elected to the see of Enagliduno, 'he had a contest regarding his right, in which John was doieated. Ho died in Dub^ , on the 3d of July, 1288, and was buried in Christ church. William de Bcrmiiigham, rector of the church of Ardinorwin, suc- ceeded, A.D. 1289. This prelate was the son of Myler Bermingham, dynast of Athenry. As soon as he was consecrated he annexed the church of Enaghdune to his see of Tuam, and by his directions Pliilip do Blound, archdeacon of Tuam took away the mitre, tlie staff, and other pontificals of the see of Enaghdune, and deposited them in a convent of Friars at Clare, for safe-keeping. In the year 130G, Gilbert, a Fran- ciscan friar, was consecrated bishop of Enaghdune, against the will of the archbishop, wlio complained to the Pope of the injury done him, but Gilbert succeeded, as his election was confirmed by the sentence of Reginald TaaflVi, vicar-general of Arnuigh, on an appeal to the pri- matinl court. AVilliam de Bermingham, died in January, 1311, in the 22d year of his consecration, and wjis buried at Athenry, in the Dominican abbey. Malachy Mac Aeda sat in the see of Eli)hin, and was elected aroh^ KCXJLE8IA8TICAI- HISTORY OF ntELAND. 2^3 bisht/p of Tuara by the canons; was approved by the Pope, and obtained the temporals on tlie 1st of April, 1313. He recovered the see of Enaghdune, and governed it twenty years before his death, though held by Gilbert and three of his immediate successors, viz. : James O'Kemey, who was translated to the see of Comior, in 1324,— Eobert Petit, a Iranciscan friar, late bishop of Clonfert, of which he had been deprived,— and by Thomas O'Malley, who died at Avignon, in 1328. Tliough the King interceded with the Pope, in behalf of Tliomas, bishop of Enaghdune, yet Malachy possessed this see of Enagh- dune. Malachy, archbishop of Tuam, died in a very advanced age, on the festival of St. Lawrence, the martyr, A.D. 1348, and was bui-ied at Tuam, in the cathedral of the Blessed Virgin. Tliomas O'Carroll, who is called by the annals of Nenagh, a man of gi-eat sufficiency and learning, was promoted to this see by the Pope, who voided the election of Eobert Birmingham, Thomas was conse- crated at Avignon, in 1349, and in 1364 was translated to the see of Cashel. John O'Grady, archdeacon of Cashel, was this year elected arch- bishop of Tuam ; consecrated at Avignon. The King restored him the temporals on the 19th of July, 1365. He governed the see six years. He died at 'Limerick, in September, 1371, and was there buried. He was a prelate much esteemed for his liberality and wisdom. Gregory, bishop of Eli)hin, was translated to this see in 1372. Ho was fined £100 sterling, for non-appearance in a parliament held at Castledermot, in 1377. He died in 1384, and the temporals were seized by the King's escheator, who made no return into the exchequer, as the rents could not be collected on account of the troubles between the Irish and English. Gregory O'Moghan, promoted in 1385, by the Antipope Clement VH. ; was deprived by Urban VL Gregory was, according to the an- nals of Loughkee, a man of great devotion and sanctity. His depriva- tion bore heavily on his mind, and was, it is said, the cause of his death, in 1392. William O'Cormacain, succeeded, in 1386, and obtained the tempo- rals on the 15th of March, of that year. He was, in 1394 translated by Pope Boniface IX. to Clonfert ; but neglecting to accept of the bull of translation, and unable to bear up, he fell into sickness, which ter- minated his life in the same year. Maurice O'Kelley, bishop of Clonfert, was translated to this see in 1394, and died on the 29th September, 1407. While Maurice was sit- ting, John Brett, a Franciscan friar was transferred to the see of Enngh- duno, on the death of Henry Twillow, bishop thereof, on the 24th of pi m S64 ECCLE8USTICAL HISTOST OF IKELAND. January, 1402. On the death of Maurice, the see of Tuam remained Bonie time vacant. Maurice O'Kelley was eminent for piety, hospi- tality and wisdom. John Babynge, a Dominican friar, was promoted to the see of Tuam by the Pope, A.D. 1409 ; resigned the year following. Pope Martin V. granted him permission to ciioose one of his order to attend him, as domestic chaplain. He died about 1427. Cornelius, a minorite or Franciscan, was advanced to the see by the Pope, on the 18th of September, 1411. John Camere, a Franciscan also, was advanced to the see of Enagh- dune, on the death of Matthew, in the November of 1421. John Batterly or Barley, a Dominican, and doctor of divinity, was advanced to this see by the Pope, in 1427 ; was c man of great learn- ing, and eminent for his assiduity and elegance of preaching. He died about 1437. He most happily governed his diocese. He was buried in the abbatial church of Tuam, where his statue, adorned witli the pall, was erected. He has written many works, which have perished. Tliomas O'Kelly, bishop of Clonfert, was translated to the see of Tuam, by the Pope, in 1438 ; was a Dominican, and eminent for piety and liberality. He died A.D. 1441. John de Burgo was consecrated about the close of the year 1441 and died in Galway, A.D. 1450. ' Redmond Bcrmingham, provided by the Pope, but got no possession of the see, as he died in 1451, on his return from Rome, having obtained the bishopric of Tuam. Donatus O'Murray, an Augustinian, succeeded, by the Pope's pro- vision, about the year 1458. John Bole, primate of all Ireland, signified to this prelate and his suffragans, tliat he intended visitmg th- province. Donatus founded a college, consisting of a warden and vicars, in St. .Nicholas' cliurch, Galway. He died on the 17th of January, 1484. William Joyce was advanced to this see by the Pope, on tlie 17th of May, 1485. He sat sixteen years and some months, and died on the 28th of December, 1501. Tliero must be a mistake as to the year of William's succession, or deatli, for in the pontificate of Innocent VIH., Peter Burgund, a Dominican friar, was archbisliop of Tuam, A D 1486. ^ » • • Philip Pinson, an English Franciscan, professor of divinity and suf- fragan to Hadrian de Castello, cardinal of St. Crysogonus, and tlien bishop of Hereford, and afterwards of Bath and Wells, was at the soli- citation of Henry VII., advanced to the archdiocese of Tuam, at Rome, in December, 1503, and died there of the plague. Tlie see remained vacant two and a half years. ECCLESIASTIC/ L HISTOKT OF IRELAND. 265 Maurice de Portii, or O'Fihely, a Franciscan, was advanced to the see of Tuam by Pope Julius II. He was a native of the county of Cork, and got tlie name of de Portu from the fine harbor of Baltimore, the ancient seat of O'Fihely. He was educated at Padua, in Italy, and be- came doctor of divinity. He was a man of extraordinary acquirements, and adorned with sanctity of manners, and obtained the name of " Flos mundi," the flower of the world. Maurice assisted at two ses- sions of the Lateran council, in 1512. Tlie year following he returned to his own country, havng obtained from the Pope the faculty of grant- ing indulgences to those who should hear his first mass at Tuam. At Galway be wa, seized with a fatal distemper, of which he died on the 25th of May, 1513, scarce fifty years of age, and was buried in the Franciscan church, where his monument is shown on the south side of the choir. lie is classed among the writera of Ireland. Thomas Mullaly was appointed to succeed, A.D. 1513. He presided at a synod held in Galway in 1623 ; the canons of this synod are lost. Archbishop Thomas died on the 28th of April, 1536, and was buried in the Franciscan church of Galway, under the same monument with his predecessor. Eichard Nangle, an eremite of St. Augustine, succeeded, at whose request the pious Margaret Athy built the Augustinian convent at Galway. Christopher Bodkin was consecrated at Marseilles, in F • --.i , j of Kilmacduagh, on the 4th of November, 1533, and wai r, Tuam on the 15th of February, 153C. He died at Tuam thirty-sixth year after his translation ; his remains w^ie Galway, and there buried. Nicholas Skerrett, archbishop of Tuam, died in 1583, at Lipoo was buried in the churcli of St. Roch : whither, after having endured im- prisonment for the fiiith, he was obliged to fiy. James O'llealy, archbishop of Tuam, was living in 1594; was sent by O'Donnel as ambassador to Philip H. of Spain, and was a man of learning and innocence of life. Florence O'Mulconry, a Franciscan, the illustrious archbishop of Tuam, from 1608 to 1629, was far-lamed for his erudition. His piety and munificence in founding the Irish Franciscan convent of Louvain in which many eminent ecclesiastics were trained, , ntitlo his memory to the gratitude of the insh church. He was consecrated by Urban VIH. before his elevation to the tiara. In his absence from his see on account of the awful persecution which the government carried' on agamst die prelates and pastors of the people, ho appointed Francis Larwan, aiterwards bishop of Killak, as vicar-general. li I 266 Ea:LE8U8TIOAI, mSTOBT OF IBELAND. ■I f I Malaoliy O'Qiieely or O'Kealy, was descended of O'Cadhla, of Con- maciie-mam. It is written in the book of Irish Genealogies, that a body of troops nnder Oarnon, their chief, joined the standard of Brian Bo- nmiha, and fought at tlie battle of Clontarf. The Four Masters relate, that ir 1139, Hugh O'Cadhla was lord of Conuncne-mara ; ad also it IS said by O'Dugan, tliat O'Cadhla was dynast at the time of the Angle ., orinan invasion. Driven from tlieir possessions by the Norman settlers, tins family possessed themselves of Conmacne-mara. They lost their authority, but the name is still to be found in the barony of Eoss, county Gal way. Archbishop Malacliy also employed Francis Kirwan as his T.'car- general, an office wliich he held seven years. This prelate, in the uni- versity of Paris, obtained the degree of doctor, and to his profound leammg joined consummate piety, and by his eloquence attracted pas- tors and people to the practice of virtue ; his prudence won him the esteem of all men, and his probity made Iv-n an object of veneration, not only in private aftairs, but also in the general assemblies of tlie kingdom. This venerable prelate, who held a distinguished command m the Irish confederate army, mider Owen Eoe O'Neil, wcs slain at SHgo, by the Puritan rebels, in 1645, a short time before the arrival of the nuncio Rinuccini, who celebrated tlie obsequies of Malachy in the church of St. Mary, Limerick. After the capture of Sligo he was sent to besiege it, but being surprised, two friars were killed by his side and he himself received a pistol sliot in the loins. This prelate was slain iu actual defence of his country and his faith ; and St. Thoma3 calls those "martyrs" who are killed while defending the Christian commonwealth and the Catholic religion. Malachy sat in the chair of Jarlath fifteen yeai's. Johannes de Burgo was translated to Tuam in lGi7 ; was living in 1670. John was of the house of Clanrickard, and the appointment "was not pleasing to the nuncio Rinuccini. The nuncio cited him to Rome for the opposition which he gave him in Galway. John de Burgo and Walter Lynch entered the collegiate church of Galway by the roof, and celebrated mass, despite the interdict of tlie nuncio. Rinuccini repre- sented John de Burgo to his Holiness as a most impracticable person, and, whenever occasion offered, as inilexible to his authority. A cessa- tion of arms being concluded with Lord Inchiquin, president of Mun- ster, the nuncio publislied a declaration against it: the abettoi-s of the cessation were placed under censure, the chur '^es of Galway were closed, and thd divine offices interd :ted. In l.iis state of things de Burgo found the city, and, on disapproving those measures, desired to see the nuncio's commiiision for assuming such authority. "Non osten l!X;CLF.8'A.8TICAL HIETORT OF IBELAND. 2or daii," I will not sliow it, was the reply of Rinuccini,— whereupon the arclibisliop immediately miswered: "nee ego obediam," I shall not obey. De Bnrgo was doctor of theology , was imprisoned aad driven into exile, and afterwards returned to Ireland. Jp.mes lynch, arc.ibisliop of Tnam from 1674 to 1691. His name occurs in the registry of 1704, performing his episcopal functions in tha ordaining of priests, at his residence, Cluanbar, county of Galway ; was, it appears, living in 1701, an exile, and died in 1715. Bernard O'Gara. was bishop of Tuam in 1726, and in 1732 a con- troversy arose between this archbishop and tiie people of Galway ; the cause was referred to the sacrtd congregation " de Propagande fide," at Home, and in the following year the congregation issued a decree, by which the affiiir wiis compromised. A'ichael O'Gara, brother tj Bernard, was archbiahop in 1742 and 1750. Mark Skerrett was archbishop of Tuam in 1756 and 1775. Phili;^ Philips was bishop of Achonry, and was translated to Tuarn about 17dO. Boetius Egan died in 1798. Edward Dillon died in 1809. Oliver Kelly, the lamented predecessor of the present illustrious oc- cupant of St. Jariath's chair, died at Albano, near Pome, m April, 1834. He repaired to the Eternal City, in order to provide an altar tor hia cathedral. Dean Burke, of Westport, has erected a mommient to his memory, in the church of the Propaganda. Jolm Macliale wjis consecrated bishop of Maronia in "partibnsin- fidelium," and appointed coadjutor bishop of Killala on the 12th of June, 1825 ; succeeded to the see of Killala on the decease of Dr. Waldron, in May, 1834, and was translated to the archiepiscopal see of Tuam on the 8th of August, 1834. Is a native of the diocese of Kil- lala, and was born in the parish of Adrigool, at the foot of Nephin, one of the most n ajestic mountains of Ireland. Having completed hia classical studies, he was sent to the college of Maynooth, by the ordi- nary of tlie diocese, and there manifested those talents which were duly appreciated by Dr. Delahogue, professor of dogmatic theology, to whom he was appointed lecturer, and ultimately hia successor in the professorship. Doctor Machale, during nine years as professor, cave evident proofs to the board of the college, the superioi-s, as well as to those who were placed under his instructic a, that in selecting him to this important oflice, their judgment vas not misdirected ; his time and talents were f V, it u 3i; !! ri ij 268 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IKELAND, ardently devoted to the interests of the students; and on being chosen to occupy his place among the hierarchy of Ireland, and about to depart towards the scene of his future laboi-s, in his native diocese, the regard, the veneration as ..ell as regret, then so signally manifested, is btill re- membered in the college as an event accompanied with emotions of pair and pleasure, because of his separation from this nureery of his talents and lus fame, and of his elevation to the dignity of bishop ; thongu his tune was thus profitably employed in the service of the college, yet in the solitude of that establishment his intuitive glances were'' directed towards that tortuous policy which the British government betrays towards our oppressed country, and particularly towards those insidious plans, couched under the ill-digested systems of education, by which efforts are being continually renewed, in order to seduce the people of Ireland from the ancient faith which St. Patrick planted, and which is Bt.ll our only glory and the only rallying point of Irish nationality. As yet a member of the college, he saw the danger of silence, and in his fearless advocacy of the Catholic religion, shot from his retreat well- directed volleys, full of learning and sarcasm, by which the nefarious plans of the government were exiwsed to the scorn and contempt of the nation. Those letters appeared in the Dublin Freenum's Journal ; and as the statutes of the college prohibited its professors engngiTig in po- lemics. Dr. Machale assumed the name of " llierophilos." They were thirty-two in number, and wore not co.ifined to the subject of education alone, but ranged over the whole ground of Irish grievances. Of the various talents and research which the writer displayed in these compr^ Bitions, an exalted opinion was imi)reHsed on the public mind, and at once convinced the government that i:; the Insh church there had been an ecclesiasti whose pen would be as destructive to the strongholds of tyranny as would be the artillery of an invading host. In his new sphere of coadjutor bishop to the venerable Dr. Waldron, his zeal in preaching and attending to the wants of the sulfering poor of the diocese were unceasing and indefatigable. In visiting the .lii.ceso he was surroun.led by tlie pcple, who regarded with affection the strenu- ous advocate of their rights, and by the clergy, who venerated him ,u, their i)arent. To every project calculated to ameliorate the condition of his flock, and to advance the cause of religion, John Machale gave hiH powerful support, and, among other pressing exigences, the erection of a cathedral was as8ed tiieir means— ttcps were taken to ECCLESIASTICAL IlISTOKT OF rilKLAND. 269 commence tliis important work. In the beginning of tlio year 1828, t'^e foundation stone of tlie cathedral was hxid by Oliver Kelly, the arch- bisho2J of Tuam, assisted by Dr. Macliale and the neighboring prelates. Tlie sacred i-dilice is now complete, with the exception of its tower, it is in the Gothic style of architecdre, and now stands as a monument of the zeal of John Machale, and the piety of the faithful of his diocese. Tliongh plundered of their rights, and robbed as our national church is, by a band of alien intrudei-s, the poverty of our faithl'ul, sup- ported by an ardent faith and prompted by a burning zeal, has enabled them, despite their privations, to erect this splendid temple to the living God. It is situated on the right bank of the Moy, and almost adjoins the venerable ruins of the abbey church of Ardnaree, which was founded for the eremites of 3t. Augustine, by the family of O'Dowda. Colonel Knox Gore was the donor of its site, and is at present representative of a portion of church property, which was so profusely lavished on the Kingston family by the sacrilegious spoliatore of the day. • Tliougli the health of the venerable Dr. "Waldron did not permit him to take an active part in tlio administration of the diocese, still he was not inattentive to its interests ; to his counsel and advice the coadjutor bis}\op paid filial respect and deference, and by^iis attention and re^-ard was, as It were, the staff of the declintrig yeai-s of the ordinary. As the incumbency of Dr. AValdron more properly bolon'^ to another place, wo now come to tlio period of John Macliale's transla- tion to the archiepiscopal chair of the province. The clergy of Tuam having assembled to proceed to the election of a successor to the la- mented Dr. Kelly, Doan Bourke, P.P. of Westporf, was placed first on the list of candidates, and John, bisliop of Killala, was voted as second ; but at Rome, when the merits of the i)artie8 were discussed. Dr. Mac- hale was advanced to the metropoi:*au see of the province, by the fathei of the faithful. Knowing Dr. Machale to be tlie intrepid advocate of his country's riglits, and the chami)ion of that faith whicli has baHIed the treachery of the pagan, the nmlice of the heretic, the sword of the pewecutor, and which is at present eonte.iding with, nay, contenming the seductive charnis of the British treasury, those timid ones, who admire in the pro- late a cahn and tranquil demeanor, while the foo is insidiously approacli- ing the ramparts ol t'le church, were not slow in laying belbre the lioly eee their diploTnatic misgi,-i-nga regarding the welfare of religion, should John of Killala be promoted to tliis important station. Tiie holy father, (Jrogory X VI., with a firmness charactoriHtlc of that universal solicitude which belongs to iho see of Ht. J'eter, defeated this vilo attempt to interfero with his judgment and his right to promote 870 ECCI.ESUSTICAL HISTOEY OP lEKLAXD. ly tliose who are the most worthy and the most proper to be phiced on tl,e ..•atch-towera ot Israeh The fiat of the pontifical will being soon after made known the account of his removal spread nniveml joy amon«? the people and by their exultation manifested their sense of an event traught with interest to the national church of Ireland Though every lover of his creed and of his country admits the recti- tude of the appointment, it has left a void in the diocese of his birth wh.oh future generations will and must deplore, as by his removal the hne order, which he and his venerable predecessor had established, wa« soon after, tlirown into chaotic confusion. Let British diplomacy strive to undermine, and a vile London press endeavor to hani^s and deter. Joiin Machale sits in the chair of Saint Jarlath, ever ready to perform his sacred duties to his flock; he is there enthroned as the guardian of their faith and of their liberties-ready to repel, by his remonstrance, any aggression on either by the govermncnf indepen.lent of its trammels, as another Ambrose, he reproves the h-xrd' heartedness of British misrule, which consigns to hunger and exile the dear ones entrusted to his spiritual care ; and when the callous minister of proud England, alike insensible to romcnstrance, tliough deafened with the wailing of Irish misery, listens not with pitv or symi.athy to hm appeals, he hesitates not to proclaim, to majesty hei-^elt; the distresses and privations of his people. There he sits, " the lion of the fold » tlio intellectual sovereign of myriads, over whom he exercises that iin- bounded sway, which religion alone can impart, and which pa.ental care and affection alone deserve. Such is a brief and an imperfect outline of the career of this ilhis- trious prohite. In private life his character is as admirable n", his public one is bnlluint, He is meekness with his clergy-charity itself with his people-hospitality to ail ; that virtue which St, Paul commends in the bishop. Though incessant in preaching and exhorting his flock and attending to his other pastoral duties, tlie cultivation of Irish literature and the revival of the ancient language of his country are amongst the objects of his cjustant study and puixuit. AVhen the present Board of Education, boasting Und Stanley as its projector, wilily attempted to tamper witli the faith of Irish cliildren and with the rights of the guardians of those sclumls, John Machale op- posed the system, and has been mainly instrumwita^ in ].urifving it And again, when Sir K>,bcrt Feel endeavored, while ()'C.,nn"oll fl.o champion of civil and religio^is liberty, was immured within the 'pre- cincts of a dungeon, to which ho was consigntHl by a vilo government ~ '■•'""'-> ••• '••'"• •-•» '"^ •iri?" nation a system xji coiiogiato odif cation, whicii the Irish bishops decriod as dangerous to faith ond moralB, E«'LJi8IA8TICAL HISTOKY OF IHELAND. 871 and which was designated even by the bigots of England as odious nay, godless, John Macliale, by his lucid exposure of its lurking poison, drew upon it the odium of the nation and the withering anathema of the sovereign Pontiff. And that he may not be vilified as the opponent of education, under his auspices, and those of his faithful cooperators in the hierarchy, a Catholic university is being organised with the sanction of the ^ holy see, in which the blessings of an enlightened educa- tion, civil and religious, will be extended to the middle classes ot Ireland. Unsparing in his denunciation of the Protestant church of Ireland, the monster grievance of our down-trodden country, the ministers ot this alien establishment strive, by all means, to withdraw the poorer members of his flock from the one true fold, in order that they may, as if ineffectuate the impressions which his faithful pen makes upon the public mind. His be the glory of crushing it, as his i*. the merit of ex posing its ruthless oppression and robbery of the poor II S7S ECCLESIASTICAL raSTORT OF lEELAim. '' i CHAPTER XXVHL T)I00K3E OP KILLALA, # i ! "Was founded by Saint Muredach, son of Eocliaid, who is erron* ously suppoaed to have been contemporary with St. Patrick. Ita founder was descended of tlie royal house of Leogaire. In tracing hia genealogy, Colgan shows that he raust have lived much later than St. Patrick's time. St. Muredach was contemporary with St. Columba, and was one of those who assembled at Ballysadarc, in the county ol Sligo, to pay their respects to tlie apostle of the Hebrides, after tlie meeting at Drumceat ; he was then bishop of Ivillala. No account of his pjomotinn or nf his death remains. The 12th of August is assigned to his festival, and may have been the day of his death. It is recorded among the people of the diocese, tlmt his remains were deposited in tho island of Innismurray, which Ijoloiiged to tlie parisli of Aughris, but it is now attached to the diocese of Eli)hin. The ussc>mbly of Drumceat was held in the year 590, and consequently tho sec of Killula must luivo been founded in that century. In the liie of St. Cormac we road that St. Patrick, St. Bridget, St. Columba, St. Canneeh, and St. Muredach, bislioj), blessed the iJort of Killala. In the town of Killalr is to bo seen one of the ronnd towers, con- cerning which there has been so much confrovei-sy or conjecture. Hie erection of tliis tower, the most pi'rfet't of its kind at present in Ireland and of the tii-st church of Killala, is attributed to (Joblian, an architect and divine of tho sixth and seventh centuries. The pii.us buiUk-rawloy, before the time of St. Muredadi who met St. Co .,nba at Ballvsadnre, in the year .500. Muredacl l-^ not tl.en the hrst of tins see who attended there as bisl.on ; „or can it bo supposed that adistrictsoimportant as Tyrawley, and one V. which St Pat nek . a. attentive, would be without a local bishop to provide for the spi- ritual wants of the people, while in places of lesser noti we read of his ni po.n ,ng bishops as nt Caisseal-Joni, in Sligo. If Murodach had been Z |.t bishop, the c^strict of Killala must have been without a bishop fr,: he departure of St. Patrick, in 441, until the middle of the sixth ccLury It .s mo,-e reasonable to suppose that it was not erected into a regular Jo^. until the t.me of St. Mmvdach. Ware assorts that St. Miux-dl ^ coa.ecmtod by St. Patrick, abo„t 410. I„ the tripartite life of S Pat nc , ,t IS said that ho made Muredaoh, one of hi.s di.ciplos, tho" fi't 1. .hop o, K.lla a. But as St. Muredach is to be found in'the s.x.h " O'Miiolfogamair, called bishop of Tyrawley and OTi..ichra, died in 1151. We have, in tho records ..f tho bishoj,s of Kill.!, L awfnl chasm : the Dunes having done '.heir work of destrucr, ' linar O'R.mdan, bishop of O'Fiachrn, died in IITT _ Donatus O'Heoda, bishop of Kilh.la, o„ the .^Oth of Mn..h tioq ODtamed from Popo innooent III. the, conlirn.ation oftho ;"o«h;„,|.;xu; bolongmg to this see. Donatus died in 1«>07 Vommu^rm 18 -f- 274 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IHELAND. Seven MacCeles, bishops of Killala, are mentioned in the book of of Leacan, compiled by MacFirbis. Leacan is situated in the parish of Kilghiss, Tireragli. The ruins of the castle of MacFirbis are scarcely- more than traceable. Cormac OTarpaid, bishop of Killala, succeeded, and died in 1226. John O'Melfogaraair, called bishop of O'Fiachra-Mui, died in 1234. Gilla-Kelly O'Ruadhin, bishop of Killala, died in 1253. He accom- panied Florence MacFlyn, archbishop of Tuani, to England, to seek redress of grievances. O'Laideg, bishop of Killala, died in 1275. John O'Laidig or O'Loyn, a Dominican friar, died in October, 1280. Donatus O'Flaherty was elected bishop of Killala, and obtained the royal assent on the 16tli of April, 1281. He n-as the most eminent of the Irish in piety. lie fell sick on his way to Dublin, and died at Dun- boyne, in 1306, He was honorably interred in the house of the Virgin Mary, at Mullingar. John Tankard, archdeacon of Killala, was elected on the 13th of June, 1306, and wo", confirmed by the archbishop of Tuam. John O'Laitin, bishop of Killala, died in 1343. The soe was vacant almost three years. William O'Dowda succeeded ; swore fealty to the king, and obtained the temporals on the 25th of March, 1347, and sat three yeare. He was the founder of churches and sanctuaries, and eminent for his piety, alms-giving, and humanity. Robert, a native of Watcrford, succeeded, A.D. 1350. Brian FitzDonagh O'Dowda was elected in 1381, but In's consecra- tion is doubtful. Thomas Lodowis, a Dominican friar, was advanced to the see by Pope Urban VI., on the 9Mi of August, 1381. This bishop died about the close of the year 1388. Tliomas Orwell succeeded in 1389 ; was a Franciscan friar. Trans- lated, in 1400, to a diocese not known. Tiiomas, archdeacon of Killala, succeeded by the provision of Pope Boniface IX., in March, 1400, but he sat only a very short time. Muredach Cleragh succeeded, and died in 1403. O'llanik, dean of Killala, was promoted to the see in 1416, and died this year. Connor O'Connell succeeded, and died in 1423. Martin succeeded, and died in 1431. Mnnt)s FitzFnltagli O'Dowda, archdeacon of Killala, wad udvanwd lo the 8oe, and died in 1436. BXXXESIASnCAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. g^g Jolm 0'«,in, bW,op of Killala, roaigned about tho year 1490 M,Jad,y O'Olowan succeeded i„ 1505, by provWon of Pope J,„i„, S'o, a^ He :r"™ T"."^ ""' ""«"«'°" °f "" P-'i~ prlnla^: "'™"'' '" ""«■ '^ '»'='"■''■' <•» P«l«lio, the Tt^r^ *; "•°--" """ «»»«--;H:nbe?::,; r: : Burke T? .,"*"' "'"'■"''"' "*>'"'"" "'« 'oP' of Eicbard Duke The people „f u.e country fled before tbcm, with their ra bWo '''.\Z"T'"'' "•• T-nau (Errew Crosaulalina), b 't ' ^ Redmond Gallagher sat in the see A D 1519 .et^^:rzr^rt;:::d'rz::5r!ft Propaganda, at Rome. See Al,bey of Moyne Francis Kirwan, bishop of Kilhila, was a native of Gahvav „n,1 born n, 15S9. His parents ^.ere Mathew Kirwan and lul an T ' T , T Of ..K^^e descended of the most disting:r Sl^^fS H ' V\ Inle a boy, Fiancis was j.hiced under the tuitio,, nf i • ! , -mcie, Ar..,„r Lynch, . veneLbie prict, wll^'de:^ 4';::";™ v , , . country, he was orda nod priest bv D.lv.m Kearney, archbishop of Cashel, in tho year 16U ^ III tiie following year he repaired to Frnnoo f« n„ • amount of knowledge, and hav^.g JoinS ^X^^Zl^'ZZ tory he taught philosophy at Dieppe, in the year Um "" I'rancis was appointed vicar-general of Tuam bv H.„ ;ii . • wi«:^'rr:;,:ji:v:; r ~ " «.^' t.'"c;: ».iper,br,„ed::'f:t/e:::^:rr-/:-^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^tO ECCLE8IA8TICAI. HISTORY OF IBEI.ANIX ing the people in the knowledge of virtue. Francis Kirwan was a dis- tinguished preacher, and employed able and efficient cooperatore in in- structing tlie people who were entrusted to his care. The candidates for holy orders he did not permit to be invested with the sacred charac- ter, until they had spent a year in his own society. Tlie Pope api)ointed Francis, abbot in commendam, of the abbey ot Knockinoy • in him orjjhans found a father and the poor and indigenl a protector . Tiie illiitrious archbishop of Tuam having died in the year 1629, Francis ceased to be vicar-general. His friends at Eome were anxious to have him promoted to tlie see of Tuam, and tliose at home were pre- pared to (l(^fi-ay all the necessary expenses, but Francis shrunk from the responsibility. Malachy O'Queely succeeded to the vacant see, and appreciating the valuable services of Francis, appointed him also his vicar-general. Francis set his heart on training a band of young men, to be brought up for the benefit of the missions. Having selected those, he resolved to repair to France to procure them instruction ; and having journeyed to Dover, he refused to affirm on oath the suprenuicy of the king, and thereon returned to London, with the hope of procuring an exemption for the Catliolics from this oatli ; but his exertion proved unsuccessful, whereupon he sailed from Dover, and arrived safely at Diepjw in France. Soon after, he proceeded irom Caen, in Nonnandy, to Paiis, where he became acquainted with St. Vincent de Paul, Geotfry, and the Baron de Renty. Tlie Archbisliop Malachy constantly impressed on Francis the propri- ety of Ills receiving consecration, and urged Fdmond O'Dwycr, then his agent at Rome, to entreat of liis lioliness to coni'er the see of Killala on Francis, without delay ; and Boetius Egan, tlie lea.-ned and pious bishop of Eli)hin, likewise strove to have the bishopric of Killala con- ferred on him. At lengtii, lost he shoi;ld resist the divine will by his perseverance in refusing, Francis assented to his promotion, and was consecrated on Sunday, the 7tli of May, 1645, -n the cliurch of St. Lazarus, at Paris, and on this solemn occasion thirteen bishops, fifteen abbots, and tliirty doctors of the Sorbonne were present. Having collected a considerable sui)ply of books, and apparel for the altar, which ho intended for his native laH('., and having put them on sliipboard, he embarked in another vessel, and reached tiie shores of Ireland in safety— but they were lost, an the ship was plundered by pirates, W iiiio he stai'a at Kilkenny, lie vvas warnily rccoivod by the supi'eine council, and l>ccanie iiitunato witli Rinuccini, archbishop and prince of EOCLESIAgriCAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 277 Firmc, and nuncio extra(^rdinary from tlie court of Rome to the Irish people. From Kilkenny he proceeded to Galway, and soon after to his diocese, whicli was then harassed and wasteected elevation of a rival could be viewed but ruin and lo.ss irroi)arable to religion, the vicar capitular hastened to Tunm to make known the result of tliis interview to the illustrious metropolitan. When St. Paul announced the glad tidings of redemption to the in- habitants of Ephosns, fortliwith the votaries of folly and of error are loud in their i)raiH. s of thegod.less ; and the silversmiths, who could not perceive that in the utensils of the altar a more honorable source of gain and traffic wruld be opened, are the most zealous in sustaining the reli- gion of Diana. Similar was tlio confusion, nay, greater was the alarm, as it arose from scllisliiiess and aml)itioii, tliut artificial tyrant of the human breast, by which it upiieavos and becotnos agitated "jis the foam- ing billow, of those who censured the promotion of John Lyons. In this dreadful position of affairs, in this alarming uncertainty, the safety of religion and disei|.lino must bo uj)l».|d, and while a shadow (.f autliority vet remained, the vicar capitular repnirs to Halliiui, and aniu)unceH to the clergy the changed posture of the diocese, and skil- fully i>lays off (it is not known whether tnily or otherwise) the name of the illuslrions nietropojitan as the advisor of a protest agninst the quali- ticutions of Lvons. Having wrought on the inflammable material before him, by dilating on the want of those (puilities in Lvons which I I J il 286 ECXXESUSnCAX HISTORY OF nttXAND. ato necessary in the humblest minister of the altar, the agitation pro- ceeded prosperously, as a large majority of the clergy concurred in the Honriments of the vicar capitular. John Lyons, P.P. of Kilmore-Erris, was a native of the archdiocese of Tna:n, and became attached to the see of Killala at the desire of Doctor Waldron, who discerned in him talents of a superior order. His acts and his manly bearing, his hospitality, and his efforts in mitigating the periodical distress of his parish, gained him friends and admirers ; and his abilities as a writer, well known and appreciated by Lavelle of the Freeman's Journal, then tarrying at Rome for the improvement of his health, were mainly conducive to the elevation of Lyons. Dean Burke, the amiable and respected P.P. of Westport, then at Kome, arranging some private business, was supposed to be another ad- vocate in Lyons' cause, and to have formed in Dr. O'Finan's mind an impression which tended to strengthen the bishop in the resolution of constituting Lyons his dean and vicar-general. It was moreover ob- served, that opposition to tlie arclihishop of Tuain might liave dictated such advocacy, as Lyons was not in good odour with his grace. To have imputed such an unworthy motive to Dean Burke, in the absence of positive information, was improper and unjust. Such, however, were the surmises current in Kilhila, as certain. Dean P,urke assured the writer of these observations, that he never conversed with Doctor O'Fi vn, till they met in tlie French capital. Lyons was then dean. Be this interference as it may, i he appointment of Lyons was, mo believe, reluctantly obtained from the Pontif}", as ho was avenge to any such stop being taken until Doctor O'Finan could, by pei-sonal observa- tion, pronounce on the relative merits of his clergy, lint the bislinp ot Killala, satisfied with tlie roi>orts of the worth and talents of Lyons, urged on the Holy Father, through (.'iirdinal Gregorio, then ponitcn' tiary, the rectitude of nn appointment, premature indeed, and unfortu- nate, as it exiled the venerable prelate from the cliair of his nutivo diocer,e. The Rev. Mr. Flannelly, of Easkey, was nssnredly adverse to the movement of Costollo and his adherents, until tiie remonstrance of tlio vicar capitular reminded him of the insult to botli, whicli tiic promotion of Lyons conveyed. The protest, to which allusion lias be(-n already made, was then prepared, as nn affair to unsettle the pretensions of the newly created dean; and tlie nuirringe fee, which the clergy viewe I as a grievance, woa remonstrated against, as a sort of diversion for Doctor O'Finan. With re-^rd to the cnnfcdorateH in thig o<»nie«t, they were conscien- tlonsly impressed, that danger might accrue to religion in the aj.point- E0CLEPTA8TICAL HISTORY OP IRKLaND. *c» nient of Lyors, and that their rights were not respected in tJie continu- ation of the e.vcessive banns money. Thus it is, that those admirable proficients in mischief, Flannelly and Costello, under the mask of zeal for the religion of the diocese, earned on a crusade, utterly subversive of the object it contemplated to effect artfully keeping before the eyes of the clergy the overthrow of Lyons, as necessary to promote so desirable a consummation, and thereby re- move the grand obstacle in the way of their own selfishness and aggran- dizenient. Hie fine order, the discipline and the harmony which Dr. Waldron liad the happiness of introducing, and to wlfich the illustrious John Machule gave testimony in his farewell address to the clergy, was inter- rupted, and thrown into unspeakable confusion. Let the fault rest where it may, a worse state of things could not possibly happen under the gove-nment of Doctor O'Finan and Lyons, as religion mourns under his successor and tho successful rivals of his dean, John Lyons The decay of religion ha« been since patent to tha most careless observer, for authority could not be wielded with the brae' ig vigor whi-h t»- force of example imparts. The favorite virtue of even Pa^mn Italy naa been scoffed ttt,-tho existence of that bright jewel in the minister of the altar treated as romance,-and, though the public thoroud.fares reechoed the scathing denunciations that were directed a-ainst tlie beana that shot forth scandal from the eye of religion, still it was not plucked out until the vengeance of the Roman see was demanded llie resistance, then, to the dignities conferred on Dean Lyons, aa the rival of his opponents, and far, far their superior in acqui;emem.s. must have been based in the leaven of ambition and hypocrisy, that homage which vice pays to virtue, in order that lurking passion for pre- terment might be the more securely concealed. Under the regime which was established on the downfall of Doctor O I'lnan and Lyons, the children of Killula could only, like the ,,rophet Jeremy bewail the desolation of their beloved diocese ; her fair face was sadly di«figured,-hcr lofYy hil|«, the green and lovely vallies. the iioly islands tro.l.len. and the venerable ruins inhabited and 8Hnctifi(«I by the stei.s of her saints and solitaries, may weij,. over the calamitv that l.as belullon the lan.l of their labors, and the ancient homesteads ^f an- cient piety and devotion. Under this regime vice was enthroned and virtue trampled in tho (Inst. In 1847, Rome w.is hold forth m tho terror of tvrants, as the Bccmrge of delin.iuents. In 1M8, formal notice was .riven thnt th« nilaus of kiilaia would be laid before tho eovotMgn" judge of ta« li S8S ECCLESIASTICAL IHSTORY OF IBET.AND. m I church ; and again, in 1849, the seven-hilled city was pointed ont in the vista, and yet the vigilance of authority so signally abused, was more intent on its own preservation than on the safety of religion and morals ; for every effort that could stifle the expression of censure, and nip in the bud tire inchoate shoots of disaffection or of disinterestedness in the sacred cause of religion, was recurred to, in order that an admin- istration, which in its very infancy earned the scorn and the contemot 01 the public, might be at least externally supported and respected. The arrival of the venerable Doctor O'Finan was hourly expected, and in order to greet hira on his safety, as well as his promotion to the episcopacy, many of the Clergy remained in Ballina, till the close of the week. About the middle of October he reached Ardnan , accompa- nied by John Lyons ; a few of the clergy being presented, the writer of these pages among the first. The news of his safe arrival quickly spread over the diocese, and on the following Tuesday, having reached two or three days before, the clergy collected from all quarters, in order to meet their bishop, and ob- tain confirmation of the jurisdiction necessary to each one in the dis- charge of his sacred functions. After the usual salutations, the llev. Patrick Flannelly, P.P. of Easky, who was on tliis occasion constituted the exponent of the feelings of the clergy, with a firmness not always characteristic of him, acquitted himself in a manner that gave satisfac- tion to those whose censure and dissatisfaction he had so enero'cticallv expressed. The protest was read, in which were enumerated the charges against Lyons ; they were five in number, and impeached him with avarice, contention with his parisliioners, an irascibility of tempo.- that unsuited him to govern othei-s, exaction unwarranted by the pro. vincial statutes, and neglect in complying with an obligation which ho voluntarily undertonk, of supporting a priest who was worn ont with age and infirmity. While these things were being unfolded, the ])relato listened with attention, and restrained the impetuous temper of the dean ; bnt at the ccnclusion of the protest, pronounced it as a calumny, the clergy as lovellors and destructives— ignorant of canon law, no-dl- gent of discipline and order, and adding, that rebollion to authority en- gendered evils and scandals a hundred fold. Words, such as these, were not of peace, but they were full of prophetic import ; and assuredly, the long and varied experience of Doctor O'Fimm in ecclesiastical affair?, taught him that insubordination becomes disastrous to reli'dnn and dis- cipline : however, he intimated his intention of issuing citations withiti a month, in order to give them an opportunity of proving the charges ■Wiiicii tiipy fillegcd against the dean. As the least delay might produce wavering in the counsels of tha ECCLESIASTICAL HI8TOET OF IBELAin). 2S9 clergy, and diminution in their ranks, the leaders forthwith a-ljourned to the hotel to consider the propriety of ulterior measures ; wliereupon the prosecution of this affair was resolved on, and an apueal was for- warded to the archbishop of Tuam. An unwise threat of invalidating the collations which Dr. Machale had granted before his departure to Tuam, strengthened tlie views of the leaders. This imprudent disclosure, then, which Lyons deemed sufficient to shake the firmness of those whom it might. affect, was sin- gularl}- effective in cementing the league against himself,— for, if such a threat could be successfully tried, tlie ranks of the appellants would be thinned, and the illustrious archbishop of Tuam would be placed in the condition of defendant, as he should maintain the validity of his own acts. John Barrett, of Crossmolina, who was considered one of the most determined opponents of Lyons, was the lirst against whom the hostility of the dean was directed. He was the administrator of this parish during the coadjutorship of Dr. Macliale ; and as it was the mensal one of the bishop of Maronia, it was matter of doubt whether the validity of its collation could be maintained. Hence it was, that John Barrett was not secured in the possession of Crossmolina. An application mado soon after to the court of Rome, by the arclibisliop of Tuam, for autho- rity to collate the Rev. Jolm Barrett to this parish, was rejected, as it would interfere with the rights of Doctor O'Finan, who luid'at this time been consecrated. The fiery disposition of Lyons prompted him to adopt that fi" '"' rapool d„e to tl,o ,„cn.' « ■""ment tlia the v™™w.„e» of LLCrd^'ZtniV"'- •'"*"'•"• "-^ ji ars anu sanctihod appearance, threw i ri ^92 ECCLKSIASTICAL HISTORT OF HtELAOT). i: herself on bended knees to obtain his benediction. Tlie simple and aposstolio jjrelate, not wishing to repel the humblest of his flock, and un- willing, 'ike unto the Eedeemer, to condemn another Magdalene, re- turned her salute, and iu^parted the episcopal benediction. Little did the prelate suspect that he was thus affording an opponent the opportu- nity of impugning his motives — that he was supplying the material of an epistle to Rome, wliich the writer thereof deemed creditable to his own zeal, while inflicting a blow on the aged prelate. Could the Sacred Congregation of the Propaganda for a moment entertain such a hemous opinion as wt.s that of Costello regarding Doctor O'Finan, that in im- parting liis benediction to an unfortunate female his object was one ■which would be particularly criminal in his advanced age — in him whose life and training under the very eye of Home gained him tho reputation of perfection and sanctity ? His long seclusion from tho world and a life spent in the cloister could not protect him from the vile malignity of a priest, who was, under the pressure of circumstances, constituted the vicar capitular of the diocese in its widowhood. In this pilgrimage of life as there is no Jacob without an Esau, no David without a Semei, no Redeemer without Scribes and Pharisees : there has been no O'Finan without a Costello to misrepresent even an net of religion. Accoiding to arrangement, the joint visitors of the diocese met in the cathedral at Ardnaree on the 22d of August, 1836, Doctor Denvir, bishop of Down and Connor, acting as secretary. As Lyons was still at Rome, and, besides, the most prominent char- acter of the cause, it was mutually agreed to postpone the proceedings for two montl.'s, in order to give him time to return, and to remove, as far as possible, any suspicion of partiality or advantage to either party. It is also important to observe, tliat Lyons had information of this in- quiry to be held on the charges of the protest, as Cardinal Fransoni distinctly referred him to it. Doctor O'Finan also undertook to give him notice of this inquiry. His absence, then, must have been the result of design, and his subsequent complaints on this hejid must bo viewed as factious and ill-founded. Tiie day fixed for the resumption of business having arrived, Dr. O'Finan assumed tho defence of the dean, admitting that his absence could not be justified. Indeed, to postpone the investigation one moment longer would be protracting tho evils of the diocese, and putting off the remedy that was every day Liore and more necessary to calm the irritation that prevailed. During this interval of two months the leaders of the opposition were actively employed in procuring evidence against Lyons. Wiles, caresses, promises, were lavished on those who could HU])ply it — nay, a WX7LESU8TICAL mSTOKT OF TEELAOT). 293 written instrnment, promising ir .mnity to eveiy one who would Buffer tnths glorious cause, was producible as a guarantee of their since"->,y • and fly„,g about ,n every direction, as tJ>e swallows whose nests are . impenled by the clefts in the tottering fabric, the defeat of O'Finan o^ee secured con.^brt and hapoiness would be the lot of those who would a.dmt,,e noble deed Their i. lendship and patronage promisedrbe 2 endunng as the:r 1 ves ; but it became, in the time^of victory, simila to tha o the bee to the flower until it extracts the sweetest jj e, or to tha of the vme to the stately elm, to obtain a loftier height. Basking m the sunshme of success, they have diverted themselves, and playef the part ot those who, during the oppressive heat of summer repo!e under the shade of the beech-tree, but who, on the approach of w Lte" apply the axe and shiver it to pieces. ' It is true, that in the onset. Rev. John Barrett, who in his own T)er son ore the heat of the contest, received some re;on.pense r ^e \Z of h>s pansh ; but at a more advanced period of those proceeding when hscal distress embittered his sorrows, the leade. of the o" osS could not be mduced to rescue him from difliculty. To the Kev Tn thony Corcoran, pansh priest of Killala, the merit of this generous act ot sympathy .solely due, for his purse and residence were ever a the onirlr '''^ ^""^ "''^'^"*' ^^''^""^'y ^^- ^ffl-t^d minist: adio^nli^t! r"^ "''r' '"'' ''! ""''^ '' *^^ P^'^^^^*' «- -^hbishops adjourned to Crossmolma, m order to give the people there an opportl mtyof accountmg for the extraordinary confusioi already alluded to and ofexcupatmg John Barrett from any share in the tumult. HeTe' «ie proceedings were interrupted by a formal protest, on the part of Doctor O'Iman directed against the primate, as a partizan, and a dis posed to prejudge the whole case, though there wal no jus ground for the assumpt,on; for throughout this lengthened enquiry th! pHmate evmced a desn-e to know the truth and bearingof the L<;^-and 1 isT thence and fatigue from dreary win.or journey: through the m st mout" tamous region of Ireland, won the admiration of the clergy; tlep I mate cbterred to th.s remonstrance until new instructions were receiv d from Ron.e, winch gave Lyons the benefit of being present when he proceedmgs A-ere resumed in January, 18.S7. After the annual meeting of the prelates in the metropolis, the apostohc delegates reinvested with authority from Rome to con in e the ..qmry and bnng it to a close, with all possible despatch, arriv d m Balln.. Doctor O'Finan, laboring under illness, was u.^UuZ a rcnd,-Deau Lyons was his representative; he insisted on a reopenin"^ of the evidence-described the proceedings as partial,-.that iLj I L ■ .1! J ■ I t i , 294 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOBY OF OBELAin). was admitted as testimony, and assertion as proof. In this, his first in- terview with the primate, impressions by no means favorable to cho dean were made on the mind of the delegate apostolic. As the protest of Dr. O'Finan debarred Barrett from a full and en- tire vindication of his conduct, this part of the enquiry was reopened, as any participation in the tumult would enable the bishop to disqualify liim for the parisli of Crossmolina, and consequently vitiate the appeal which Barrett was prosecuting. As Barrett's case became the cardinal point of the controversy, no eftbrt was left untried, however base or vile, to mar his prospects, nay, damage his reputation, but the venerable Francis Joseph O'Finan had no knowledge of the plot,— on the con- trary, the spirit of charity, wliich ever emanated from his lijis, and which inspired his actions, would recoil from such a deed. A mass of evidence being procured, and deemed sufficient to convince the most dispassionate, that the charges of the protest were well founded ; the apostolic delegates departed, leaving priests and jjeople in a ferment. As already seen, Doctor O'Finan, before his wearied limbs could have enjoyed a little repose after an October journey, discovered that the dignity to which he had been promoted, would be one requiring the practice of patience and resignation. The local prints were at once em- ployed by his subtle adversaries, venting the bitterest efiusions against Lyons, and acrimoniously impugning the acts of the prelate, and those of the clergy, who were disposed to bo calm spectatoi-s of the conflict rather than disturb tliat peace of mind and tranquillity so desirable lu the ilischarge of sacerdotal functions. Though Lyons wa disposed to engage his pen in his own defence, and in that of his prelate. Doctor O'Finan invariably witliheld his assent. Every act of his was criticized, — his njotives were impugned, — his life was declared a series of omissions, not only against the present v.-elfare, but the future, of religion, and was particularly in- culpated with neglect in not providing candidates for the missions, though he had sent one of his subjects, the Rev. James MacDonagh, D.D., to the college of the Proj^aganda, and othei-s, whom ho called hia first-br ii, in due season, to the royal college of Maynooth Because unnoticed by the Bishop or Dean Lyons, these publications became every day more oft'ensive and libellous. One in particular is worthy of notice, as it became the subject of a civil prosecution against tlie honorable proprietor of the Telegraph newspaper, llie author as- aumed the name of " Alladensis," and time has disclosed him to bo Patrick Flannellj P.P. of Easkey. On the morning; o." its publication, general as was tho voice of th'^ people against the ecclesiastical govern- ment of the diocese, a feeling of indignation against tlie writer, and of ECCLEBIASTICAL niSTORY OF IRELAIO). 2D5 Bympathy with Dr. O'Finan, pervaded them. Several of the parishion- ers of BrtUina had an immediate interview with the prelate, whose feelings were unmercifully lacerated, and urged upon him the necessity of recurring to an action at law. As ye^ adverae to such a step and imdecided, in deference to tlie advice of some of his clergy and pa- rishioners, instructions were given a solicitor to proceed against the proprietor of the journal in which the libel was publislied. Sligo jurors were those selected, as most likely to award important damages. In the spring assizes of 1837, tliis important case was tried before Judge Perryn, by a special jury. As soon as the list of jurors was returned, the Rev. Eart'iolomew Costello waited on some of them, with whom ho Had been acquainted, and on whom influence by otliers could be exer- cised, in order to impress on their minds opinions unfavorable to the cause of Dr. O'Finan. Sir James Crofton, now dead, who arrived too late lor the trial ; Captain Moore, of Templeboy, now also dead, Samuel Barrett, of Knocknarey, and Bernard Fury, whose property is in the parish of Skrecne, and of which Costello wi>s then pastor, were those of tlie jurors, who, he thought, were likely to be predisposed, either through motives of friendship towards himself or to others of his relatives, in the cause of which tliey would be sworn, to form an unbiased and impar- tial judgment. Tlie Rev. P. Flannelly declared himself as the autlior of the publica- tion. Tliough its consequences were foreseen. Cavendish inserted it in his journal, but the author promised an indemnity in case of legal pro- ceedings. An utter 'disregard to his engagement has thrown the whole wciglit of the burden on tlie journalist, who confided in his promi«e or compact. Tlie primate of all Ireland, the archbishop of Tuam. the bishop of Elphin, and Catliolic jurors of Sh'go and Roscommon, before the trial, had an interview with Dr. O'Finan, urging on him the propri- ety of abandoning the jn'oceclings, but without success. Tlie cle.-gy of the diocese being cited to Sligo, the parishes were left witliout f)' cele- bration of the divine mysteries, on tlie Sunday intervening ; an incident rendered available against Dr. O'Finan, though it happened contrary to his intention, and had been a manosuvro of his advemries. The trial occupied the greater part of the week, and damages to the amount of £500 sterling were obtained against the publisher. Doctor O'Finan, at a later period, generously remitted the damages, as such were not 'hia object in instituting proceedings. It is to be hoped, that in future, proprietors of journals will acquire a profitable lesson by tlie experience of Cavendish, ere they publish efl^usions which religion could not die- tate, as iu this instance, between Dr. O'Finan and liis clergy. Tlie leader of the opposition, as Flannelly assuredly was and the 296 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOET OF IRELAND. prominent assertcr of the rights of the clergj^, it may be matter of sur- prise why an effort was not made to liberate Cavendish from the em barrassing position in which the cause of the diocese placed him ? The clergy did not sanction or even know the autli r of this epistle. It was merely an adventure, wliich was prompted by a desire to injure the prelate with iiis flock. It was an admirable specimen of composition and of talent, with which the writer is gifted. It was, moreover, con- trary to tlie forms by which ecclesiastical controversies are regulated, and it was even by tlio judge on the bench reprobated as derogatory to tlie cliaracter of tlie priest who wrote, and to the dignity of Home, the tribunal to which the cause had been referred. Against the venerable prelate the current of opinion ran high, because he pei-sisted in going to trial, contrary to the remonstrance of the primate, and the archbishop of Tuam, and the other membci-s of the dopulation. As ere this, the reports of the apostolical delegates had reached the autliorities at Komc, tlie affairs of Doctor O'Finan were hastenin" to a crisis. His recall to Rome was determined on, and in the May of 1837, letters arrived from Cardiiud Fransoni, the prefect of the Propaganda, in M-hich lie was advised to Jiasteii towards tlie Eternal City, as notliing could be dune tliere in his absence. Immediately jireparations for hia journey were iiuule, in obedience to the voice of the Sujireme Pontiff. After a k;ngtliened stay in the Eteriml City, he gave his assent to resign his clwirgo of a diocese over which ho could not jiresido with advantage to iviii,''ioii, or peace and calm to liis own mind. A little before his (]ei)arture, positive instructions had arrived rehilive to the suspension whicli was . njiistly iiiilicted on the Kev. John Barrett, and forthwith the prelate gave him notice that his unmerited punisliment had cciused. nie letter on this occasion itespoke a reluctance on the part of Dr. O'Finan, which was utterly at variance wit!; tiiat grace and ph'asuro which should ever accompany an act of mercy or of justice, Ihirrett did not long survive to enjoy a victory so dearly punihasod, as an un- timely death, with which it ]>Uased Providence to remove him from the conflict, left Ills antagonist soh- possessor of tlie field. Free and familiar, sincere in friendship, of very distinguished talent at Maynootli, zealous of God's glory and tlio beauty of religion, kind and attentive to his curates, hospitaltle to all, in Barrett, Killala deplores the loss of an excellent prit^t and patriot. Doctor O'Finan having resigned, the archbishop of Dublin was con- stituted apostolical aclministrntor of Ivillala, and in liini was also vested authfirjty in pi-nvid" fni thp vacant so?", The apostolical sdministrutof of Killala in his letter to the Rev. Patrick Gildea, tho vicar-gcneral, ECXXE8IASTICAL HISTOET OF IBELAND. 297 liberating hini from tlie responsibilty of office, observed, that lie had no reason ty regret once more entering oil a less arduous spliere of action, aa tlie affaii-s of Killala did not promise either ease or comfort to its future chief j)astor. As the nomination of a chief pastor was not left to the clergy of the diocese, because of the disorder prevailing among themselves, the arch- bishop and bisliops of tlie province met to recommend the choice of a successor to the Holy See. It is certain that the Itev. Martin Loftus, P.P. of Dunmore, and the representative of his Grace of Tuam at the Court of Rome while the merits of the national system of education for the children of Ireland were submitted to the judgment of the Sovereign Pontiff, was the favorite candidate of the archbishop. Dean Durk'in of Achonry, and Thomas Foeny, the P.P. of Kiltolla, in the archdiocese, were the other candidates. Tiie choice bein- m:uh by ballot, Feeny was declared tlie object of their selection, and Doctor Murray, the apos- tolical adiiiii.i.strator, having sanctioned the proceedings, he repaired to liiiUma in order to enter on tiie administration of the diocese Doctor Feeny was utterly unknown to the clergy, and his appearance amongst them was regarded as a well-merited censure on that disastrous liti-^a- tion through which the riglitful heir was ,t for preferment had hurried him. Dean Lyons, weary of that lite which was, it must bo admitted, of essential service to his Hock in periods of distress, and the loss ol which was so sensibly felt during the awtul piivatK.iH of the late famine, seized bv illness, whicii had been neglected in it« onset, departed this life in March, 184.^ HiH fervent appeal to a crucifiy the example of those to whom tiie helm of Killala had been entrusted. ^ It is now time to record the death of the venerable Francis Joseph O'Finan. Having attained his 77th year, and seized by his last illness, the rites of the church were -.dministered, which he received with the most lively and perfect sentiments of recollection and piety, and his death-bed was attended by Lord Clifford, his long and devoted friend, Doctor Mullock, ihe bishop of Newfoundiard, and by the superiors of the Irish College. Ho departed this life on the 27th of November 1847. * .Francis Joseph O'Fi' .,, venerable in your misfortune, too late have wo known you-too late have we loved yoxu The bitterness of the closing years of your life was not alleviated by the sweet and pleasing reflection, that your injieritance had been cultivated with that care and tenderness which would have recompensed you for tlie sacrilice. Alas ! we now know the evil tendency of the urtowa-d event by which your exile has been accomplished, and of its unfortunate result to religion and tl,.. character of the priesthood. Peace to your spirit-your meek- ness, charity, and piety in life, anlit. Ardgal O'Conor, of the rojal family of the O'Connore, died A.D. 1214. Denis O'Mulkeran, bishop of Ardcarn, died in 1224. Denis O'Morda, who succeeded, resigned in 1229, and died in 1231. Alan, of whom nothing is known. Donat O'Connor sat twelve years, and died in 1244, John O'Huglu'oin, archdeacon of Elpliin, was elected on the 12th of June, 1244. The archbishop of Tuam refused to consecrate him until he obtained the royal assent, but the Pope giving a laudable testimony of John to the king, assent was given for his consecration, and a writ issued to the lord justice to restore hiin to the temporals. John died A.D. 1246, at liahugli mic Brec, county Westmeath. Cornelius Ilufus, son to the successor of St. Molua, was bishop of Elphin in 1246, but he survived a sliort time. Thomas O'Connor, dean of Aclionry, was consecrated bishop of El- phin in J246, and translated to the arcliiopiscopal see of Tuam in 1259; he sat there twenty years. "While m tlie chair of Elphin ho conse- crated the church of the Dominican abbey at Rosconum. Milo O'Connor, archdeacon of Clonuuicnois, was consecrated at Dun- dalk, by the arclibishop of Aimagh, in 1260, and died in 1262 ; hia right to the see was cassated or miulo void on appeal to Rome, and lliomas MacFari-cll MacDermott succeeded in 12G2. Tiionuis wna abbot of Boyle ; was twice elected, before iind after Milo's death. lie only sat a short time, and died in 1265. Ai'ter the death of this prelate, Hugh O'Connor, by force, usurped the episcopal revenues. Maurice O'Connor, a Dominican friar, succeeded on the 23d of April, 1266. lie was a witness to a deed of exchange on the 28th of November, 1282, between King Ec^ward I. and the prior of St. Coman'a convent, at Roscoman, of the lands of llostrenin for the lantls of Lisno- nerny. lie died in 1284. Auliffo O'TumuIiy hucceeedud, but died 800U afler. Gelasius MacJulianaid, abbot of Loughkee, was restored to the toiii pcrals on tlie 4th of Ma 1296. aivu. lie sat clcVCii ycUFs, sUiu diCCi ill ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOET OF IRELAND. 301 Malachy Mac Brian, abl ot of Boyle, succeeded in 1296, and died at Eomo about the close of the year 1302. Donatus O'FIanigan, abbot of Boyle, who to the abbacy, as well as to the bishopric, succeeded in September, 1303 ; died in June, 1308, worn out by a tedious distemper, Doiiatus was much esteemed for his wisdom, hospitality, and other virtues. Charles MacJulianaig, abbot of Loughkee, elected by a portion ot the canons, bishop of Elphin, and consecrated at Armagh, in 1308, was deprived by the Pope, Charles returned to the abbacy, where he died at an advanced age, A.D. 1343, and Malachy MacAcda canon of Elphin, succeeded by provision ot Pope Clement 7., and obtained the royal assent on the 7th of Decem- ber, 1310 ; was tniiislated to Tuam, in 1313. Laure-ice O'Luglituan, some time official of Tuam, .\ canon of EI- pl>in, was consecrated bisiiop of this see in 1313, being advanced by Pope Clement V, He died in 1325. John O'Finsey or O'FinacIita, canon of Elphin, was elected by the dean and chapter, and consecrated by his metropolitan in 1320. IIo died in 1351, and was buried at Elphin, in the cathedral of the Virgin Mary, Gregory, provost of Killala, was consecrated bishop of Down— snp posed then vacant,— promoted to tlio see of Elphin by Pope Innocent VI., in February, 1350 ; thence in 1372, translated to Tuam. Tiiomaa Barrett, archdeacon of Enaglidune, was consecrated bishop of Elphin in 1372. lie governed this see thirty-two yeai-s. Wm the most eminent man in Ireland for wisdom, and a superior knowledge of divinity, lie died at Errew, of Lough-Con, and was buried there. John O'Grady succeeded in 1405, and died in 1417. Robert Foster, a Franciscan friar and doctor of divinity, sncceedod by provision of Pope Martin V., in Febr\iary, 1418. William O'Etegan, (acconliiig to the annals of MacFirbisso,) bishop of Elpliin, and ma.iy of the clergy of Connaught, ^^jnt to Rome in the year 1444 ; most of them died there. Cornelius O'MuIlaghlin, bishop of Elpln'n, built a Franciscan monas- tery at Elphin, about the year 1450. The canons and inliabitants of Elphin were donora also of this church. Cornelius died A.D. 1408 • it seems that he resigned some time before his death, as his successor, Nicholas O'FIanigan, *a Dominican friar, was bishop of Elphin in 1458. Ilie effect!, of old ngo and a dimness of sight caused him to re- sign in 1494. Nicholas roquested of the Pope to trans! ats Geii--^ Jirnnn, bishop of Dromoro, to the see of Elphin,' but it appeart 802 KCCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF mEI.AOT>. In i 1 Correlius was the successor in the see for some time, nml after Jiia death, Richard MacBrien, a Dominican friar, succeeded in 1496, and died in 1409. George Bran, Bishop of Dromore, was translated by the Pope to the see of Elphin, on the 18th of April, 1499. George died in 1523. Christopher Fisher is said to have been bishop of Elphin, and to have died in 1511. George Brann must have resigned. .Toh' '.: hop of Elphin, sat in 1535, and died the next year. Con. ! )'Siagail, a canon regular, abbot of Assadara, and chaplain to Manus u Donnell, was advanced to the see by Henry VIII. in 1544. Bernard O'lliggin, a Dominican friar, provided by tlie Pope. Pre- fiided in 1552. Andreas Xerea, a Dominican friar, was bishop of Elphin, A.D 1562, in the pontificate of Pius IV. Boetius MacEgan was blsiiop of Elphin in 1646. Dominick Burke, a Dominican friar of Atheiuy, was promoted to the see of Elphin by Pope Clement X., A.D. 1671 ; was born in Ire- land about tlie year 1629, of parent, steadfastly attached to the ancient faith, and illustrious by their birth. Sighing after spiritual perfection, he joined the order of preachei-s, and having embarked for Spain, he was aiTested by the English heretics, who imprisuned him in Kins'ale, having robbed him of his garments and his traveling expenses! Through the mercy of Christ he effected his escape, by leaphig from the window of his cell into the slime, which was left by the receding tide; he was concealed two days in a neighboring wood, without"^ being washed, as he was afraid to approach tiie river. All this time he had neither food nor drink, until with difficnlty he reached the numsion of Roche, a nobleman, by whom he was humanely treated, while re- cruiting his strength, and by whom ho was dismissed witli ])ecoming apparel, and a suitable viatic. He was now enabled to reach his pa- ternal roof, to the great surprise of his mother, who earnestly entreated In'm not to expose hiniself to the danger of a second voyage ; but liia piety prevailed, and having obtained from her anotlier Viatic, he em- barked at Galway, and safely landed in a Spanish port. lia\ing(.ntered a convent of the Dominicans, ho devoted six years to the ecmpletion ot his studies, but the pei-secution of Cromwell still raging in Ireland, he set out tor Italy, where he spent sixteen years,«iHpine,s8 of enjoying his convemvtion. He became' master of no- vices at Venice, in the convent of St. Dominic-at Milan, in the magw nifieent and dacal convent of St. Marv. of thanks igi^ the city of Boschum, distinguished by the biilh of Sal lul! v, ti. nt Pius v., ho ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOKY OF IRELAND. 808 performed this office for ten years, with credit and advantage. In the general chapter of the order held at Rome, in the year 1670, he repre sented his province and the college of Louvain. In 1671 he was pro- moted to the see of Elphin, by Clement X., unexpectedly, and without solicitation on his part. Being forty-one years of age when consecrated, he set out for Ii-eland, and for thirty-three years continued the good and vigilant jjastor. His sufferings are indescribable, wliile the persecution of 1680, raged against „ae Catholics of England and Ireland. For four months he was concealed in a solitary house, and on the approach of Easter- week, in order to have an opportunity of consecrating the oils, he was obliged to travel forty miles at night. Wlien Oliver Plunket, primate of all Ireland was arrested, and confined in Dublin, the bishoi) of Elphin received from him timely information, bv which he was enabled to bailie his pui-suers. • Though poor, and without revenues, except the voluntary oblations of the taithhil, he had an avei-sion towards receiving gifts or presenta from any, particularly from ecclesiastics ; and in order that he mi'««^'"^al and literarv education >Ader Nathy. Our saint is always mentioned with great respect, ,d ins festival is observed in the diocese of Achonry, on the Dth of Aug.st The bishops of this see are frequently called after the barony of Lyney, in the annals of Ireland. The catalogue of its prelates is in- complete, until the yf vr 1170. _ Meh^an O'Ruadan is the next bishop of Achonry met with. He died m 11,0 having presided upwards of eightoen years. Was at the synod of kells in 1152, and esteemed a man of wisdom, and of con- Biderablc reputation in the country. Oelaay O'Ruadan died in 1214. Clement O'Sinadaig died in 1219, having sat five voars Cams or_ Cormac O'Tarpa, a Cistercian and albot of Hellifont, bishop of Luigney, died in the said abbey on the 15th of January. 122G and was buried there. ' Gelasy O'Clery, who succeeded, is called bishop of Luigney, in the annals of Connaugbt, and his death is placed A.D. 1230. 1 1 f : i M 806 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF n{!':LAND. M Tliomas O'Ruadan succeeded, died in 1237, and was buried in hia own catliedi-al. Aengus O'Cluman succeeded in 1238, and voluntarily resigned in the year 1250. Having embraced a monastic life, he died in the abbey of IBo.>le,«A.D. 1263, Avorn out with age and infirmities. Tlioinas O'Miachan succeeded in June, 1251, and died about tlie year 1265. The see was at this time worth no more than twenty marks in rent. Denis O'Miachan, archdeacon of Achonry, was elected in 1266. IIo sat nineteen yeai-s ; died in November, 1285, and was buried in his own church. Benedict, elect of Achonry, was restored to the temporals on the 27th of Sei)teinber, 1286. Henry MacOreghty, a Cistercian monk, succeeded, and died A.D. 1297. • Benedict O'Bragan, bishop of Luigney, died about the close of the year 1311. David de Kilkenny was chosen his successor in 1312. Murchard O'llara, abbot of Boyle, bishop of Achonry, died A.D. 1344. David, bishop of Achonry, died in 1348. Nicholas O'lledram, a Cistercian monk of tlie abbey of Easroe or do Samario (Ballysha.inon), succeeded by provision of Pope Clement VI. Ue sat twenty-five years, and died in 1373. William Andrew, a Dominican friar and a native of England, doctor of divinity, succeeded by provision of Pope Gregory XI., in August, 1374 ; ruled the see six yeai-s, and was translated to Meath, and having sat there five years, he died on tlie eve of St. IMicliael, Arcliangel, A.D, 1385. He was a prelate of great M-isdoni and learning, and like Socrates, he could never consent to publish any of his writings, though much was expected from him. Thomas MacDonough, bishop of Achonry, dievl 398. In 1409, Brian O'Hara, bishop of Achonry died. Lawrence Peter Jacopini, a Dominican friar, aas bishop of Achonry in 1414, and died in 1442. It seems that Lawrence resigned, as Richard Belmer, bachelor of Theology, a Dominican also, was bishop in 1424, by provision of Pope Martin V. In 1435, the " lied " bishop O'Hara, of Achonry, died. Tliady, bishop of Achonry, died A.D. 1448. Cornelius, a Cistercian, and abbot of Boyle, succeeded, A.D. 1449. James Blakedon, a Dominican, bishop of Achonry, iu 1453, was translated to the see of Bangor. K0CLK8IABTICAL niSTORY OF IRELAND. 30* Cornelius next succeeded, and died in 1472. IV.!t! Jul7l473 ^ '"'"''"''' '"'"'''^''^ ''^ ^'■^^'''"" ^^ ^""^^ ^^^^^ Bernard, bishop of Aclionrj, died in 1488. tharme at loledo, of tl.e order of the Blessed Virgin for the redemption IreHlsr""'''' '' P^«^'^'-«^-^«P« Innocent Vni., in'sep- Richard next successor. Presided a short time, as he died in 1492 U92, but tlie time of his death is unknown. Cormac was bishop of Achonry, in 152,3. Eugene O'Flanagan, a Dominican friar and bachelor of divinity wa., b. Pope Juhus U. appointed to the see of Achonr,, in DecemW; Eugene O'Hart, a Dominican of Sligo abbey, was promoted to the r 1 fZ' " '''' ' "" ^"^ '' '''' *'^^'-- «^ the council of Trent m lived 100 years, and died in 1603 venfnTi"f ""'""f ^' '""'" '' *^"^^"""^ *"^ * P'-^^^-t of the con- vent of Athenry ; he completed his studies at St. Clement's and paX attheMmervam Rome. Having returned to his native countrThe dd,gently performed the duties of missionary apostolic. He attZuded he chapter of his order held at Rome, in 172l' aud was at 1^ 1 lid ' by Pope Benedict XIII. to the see of Achonrv A D l r^ T consecrated at Brussels by Cardinal Jose^^^^^^^Z f^^^l'^^m^^'^- ^^« ^-^ piously, A.D. 1735, 'and was buHed L PliiHp Phillips was translated to Tuam, from 1759 to 1780 Boetms Egan translated to Tuam, 1791 ; died in 1798. * 1 nomas U Connor was living in 1800. John Lynagh. John O'Plynne, died A.D. 1817. Patrick MacNicholu. was some time professor of the collo-^e of llrd 'r " 'r,;'^^'-^^^''""'-^ ^'^•-^' consecrat d n C 1 e I'ecl on oVl"""' "'' ''' !" ^^''"'"^^' ''''■ '^ ^arch follow^^g,' reen h.s grace of Tuam p.-a^iding. Dean Durkan, of Achonrv and -ecr..ed. He was a great ben-^factor to the church of the Dominicar., at Athenry, where he is interred, havinir died in January, 1263. . "^f "' ""^ ^.^ ^"^ ^*^ ■•- ^"'J tt« Pope's nuncio, succeeded to the see of Clonfert, in 1266, ai j wa. consecrated at Athenry ; in the follow- ingyear he went to Rome. lie presided many years, and was tran^ lated to the see of Benavento, in Italy. He is classed among the prin- cipal benefactors to the church of Clonfert. In 1296, William O'Duffr bishop of Clonfert, fell from his horse, and died in consequence Egbert succeeded in 1296 ; was a monk of Christ church, Canter- bury. He sat eleven years, and died A.D. 1307. Gregory O'Brogy was unanimously elected' by the chapter; was dean of the cathedral. He sat eleven years, and died ia 1319 .. ^^nT I'^f *' ^ "'"''"*^' ^^' ^^"'^'^ ^y *^^« ^««" «nd chapter on the 10th of February,. 1319; was deprived in two yeai. at^er; waa afterwards promoted .o the see of Enaghdune, by provision of the Pope, on the 18th of November, 1325, and obtained the temporals in June, 1326. ^ John O'Lean, archdeacon of Tuam, succeeded in 1322, by provision of the Pope. He died on the 7th of April, 1336. The see of Clonfert was kept vacant, and the temporals of this see and that of EnaL^idune given m custody to John de Exeter and Elia? Tullesan, on the death o< III AD m"'^' ^""^ '''"*'""'^ '"* """'" *^' ^^'^ ^'^' ""^ ^°« E^^«^^ T-uomas O'Kelley, a secular priest, was bishop of Clonfert in Octo- bei, 1347, and died in 1377. Maurice O'Kelley, also a secular priest, was consecrated in 1378. and wa. translated to the see of Tuam by Pope Boniface IX., in 1394 .f ^'' I ^Zl' *Jr''''""' ^''^ P''""''^^'^ ^y *'^« P«P« on the 20^ ttS'^ ' ^;>"r .^:^~«'n. -chblshop of Tuam, .aving B.5l..t^ .„ cxpcdim nia Duii of translation, it is said, thmngh grief ■•i I; i i if KCCLEBIA8TICAL fflSTOKT OF IRELAND. Thomas O'Kelley, a Dominican, remarkable for his piety and libe- rality, was bishop of Clonfert in 1415 ; was transited to Tuara in 1438. He erected the parisli church of Cloonkeen into a convent of Fran- ciscans of the third order, at the instance of David and John luiulkerill, professors of the order. He died in 1441. John O'lleyne, a minorite and provincial of the order in Ireland, succeeded by provision of Pope Eugene IV. on the 19th of July, 1438 ; he sat about four years. Tliomas de Burgo, bishop of Clonfert, sat in 1444, and with the con- sent of his chapter granted the chapel of the Blessed Virgin at Kilcor- bain, to the friars of St, Dominick, at the request of John Fitzrery. Pope Eugene IV. confirmed the grant on the 12th of March, 1444. This prelate died in 1446, and was buried at Athenry Cornelius O'Mulledy or Mulluly, a Franciscan friar, was promoted to the see by Pope Nicliolas V., on the 22d of May, 1447, and inunedi- ately after was translated to the see of Endy. It seems that John With was bishop of Clonfert, as the bull of Pope Nicholas V. expressly calls him so, when Cornelius was promoted, but he resigned voluntarily, through his proctor, Cornelius O'Mulledy, Cornelius O'Cunlis, a Franciscan friar and bishop of Emly, was, by the Pope, translated to this see in September, 1448. He lived after- wards in Rome, A.D. 1469, Mathew MacC ih was bishop of Clonfert in 1482 ; he died at the Franciscan convi Kilbought, in the county of Galway, and was buried in Kilcomaing, A.U. 1507. Ho ^vas a man in high esteem for his many virtues. David do Burgo, a secular priest, provided by Pope Julius II., died in 1508, the year after his promotion, Denis O'Moore, called by Ware and Harris a Franciscan, w»w of the Dominican family, and was provided by Pope Jidius 11. in 1509, as ap- pears from the pontifical bull ; he was a bachelor of divinity. "Ware and Harris afiirm that ho ^as living in July, 1518, but it is probable that he lived until the year '* ^34, according to de Burgo, bishop of Ossory. Richard Nanglo was advanced by King Henry VIII., but wiw Buporeedcd by Clement VII. Roland do Bi-rgo was promoted by the bull of this Pontiff in October, 1534, and Roland died in 1580, worn out with age and in- firmity. Tliaddeus O'Forrall, a Dominican, was promoted in 1587 to this see, in the pontificate of Sixtus V. In his old age he was as anxious, as in the spring of life, to propagate the Catholic fiiith, for whioli he un- dertook much labor. lie died at Kinsalo, in the year 1602. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 811 Walter Lynch acting John Burke, translated to Tuam, A.D. 1646. as vicar Apostolic. Walter Lynch, the vicar Apostolic of Tuam, was bishop of Clonfert ; a doctor of both laws, civil and canon. He died in exile at Raab, in Hur ary. Tliadeus MacKeogh was bishop of Clonfert in 1671 ; was a Domini- can of the abbey of Roscommon. Having finished his studies in Spain, at Pampeluna, and having preached in his native country during a scrips of years, with great spiritual profit, he went to London during tlie per- secution of Cromwell, and remained some months with Ulick de Burgo, marquis of Clanrickard. When promoted to the see of Clonfert, he immediately returned, and governed his flock sixteen years, as a most vigilant pastor, and died A.D. 1687, and was buried at Kilcoj-ban. Maurice Donnellan, bishop in 1698. Ambrose O'Madden, in 1701. * Peter Donnellan, bishop in 1742. Andrew O'Donnellan, coadjutor in 1776. Succeeded in 1777 • died in 1780. ' Philip O'Reily, bisliop in 1780. William Coyle, Coadjutor in 1780. Succeeded 1781 ; died in 1787. Tliomaa Costello, consecrated in 1787 ; died in 1831. Tliomas Coen, a dean of Maynooth, was bishop of Milevi, and coad- jutor bishop of Clonfert in 1816. Succeeded in 1831, and died in tho 8umm> r of 1847. John Derry, having finished his studies at Maynooth, as a firstrate student, being under age for ordination, was appointed junior dean of the college. Subsequently joined the mission of his native diocese, and was promoted to tho see, and consecrated on the 2l8t of September 1847. • ' ^M 'I I "4- ''Ul . "A,. SIS BCXXLBfi'AfiTIOAL HISTOBT OT JBJSULKV, CHAPTER XXXn. SEES OF KILMACDUAGH AND KILFENORA. Saint Colman, the son of Duach, is the founder of tin's see. Ho was descended of the noble family of the Ily Fiachra, in Connanght, and was nearly related to Guuire, king of the country ; and of this hranch there were two monarchs of Ireland, and about thirteen kings of Connaught. He was very fond of an ascetic life, ami lived as a hermit in the forest of Eurren (county of Clare), seven years, with a young clerk, a disciple of his : their food consisted of water-cresses and wild herbs ; their drink was water, and deer ukins served them as garments. Having constructed an oratory and a small dwelling suiTounded with trees, they remained without conversation with any person. Tlio repu- tation of Colman becoming very great, the king of the country, Guaire, who was a prince of eminent piety and liberality, offered him as much land us ho should wish, for the establishment of a religious connnunity. The saint refused to accept of nuire than a small spot, on which he erected a monastery, and where ho became bishop. It was not far from his former hal)itation, and is called Kilmacduugh, i.e., the church ol Colman, son of Duach. Tlio foundation of this church took place in the early part of the reign of Guaire, and probal>ly before the year C20. St. Colman died on the 3d of February— the year is unknown. His memory is higlily revered in the diocase, and his festival is kept there on the 2Uth of Oc- tober. Indred, bishop of Kilmacdnngli, died in 814. Kugnnd O'Kuadun, the sou of (!ellaig, died in 1178. O'Kelly, bishop of lly-Fiuchra Aidhno (Kilmacduagh), died in 1214. Mullmurry O'Conmaie, bishop of Kibnacduagh, died A.D. 1224. Odo or Hugh, chantor of Kilmacdua|/li, wum elected bishon o!< th© 12th of May, 1227. E0ULBSIA6TICAL HI8T0HT OF XBELAND, ai3 Conor O'Murray, bishop of Kilinacdnagh, died at Bristol, A D J247. Gelasius MacCellaigai, bishop of Kilmacduagh, died in 1249. Maurice Ileyan, died in 1283, and was buried in the Dominican convent at Athenry. David O'Sedaghan succeeded on the 13th of July, 1284. He died in 1290, and M'as buried at Athenry. Lawrence O'Lachnan succeeded, was a Cistercian monk,— abbot of Easroe (Uallyshanuon), of Boyle, and finally of Knockmoy, and bishop of the see in 1290. lie died A.D, 1306. Luke, bishop c lilmacduach succeeded ; died in 1325, having sat eighteen years. John, dean of Kilmacduach, was elected by the dean and chapter ; obtained the temporals on the Uth of May, 1326, and was consecrated the same year by the archbishop of Tuam. John was living in tlie year 1347, and was brouglit into trouble by the wicked couree of Gillinew, his bastard son ; was fined twenty shillings, and obliged to obtain a' charter of pardon for receiving and entertaining him. " The enemies ol man are his own domestics." Nicholas, bishop of Kilmacduach was consecrated A.D. 1360, and was sitting in 1371, or perhaps 1377. Gregory Ileyan, bishop of Kilmacduacli, took the oath of fealty to King Richard IL, at Drogheda, on the 10th of Marcli, 1394; died the year following, and was buried in the Dominican convent at Ros- Goman. Nicholas Beyan, a Dominican friar, succeeded. Died in 1399 and was buried at Athenry. ' John Icomaid, bishop of this see, succeeded. Ilia death ia placed in 1401, and he was buried at Athein-y. John, abbot of Corcumroe, was elected by Pope Martin IIL on the 23d of October, 1418. Cornelius, bishop of this see, sat in 1493, and resigned 1602. Mathew, archdeacon of Killaloo succeeded, by provision of Uio Pope, on the 8th of March, 1503; was sitting in 1523. Christopher Bodkin, bishop of this see, vas ti-anslated to Tuam in 1536, and hold "ilmacduagh by disi)en8tttion. The Bishops of Kilfenora:-tho smallest boo of Ireland As the cathe by his deed all the former grants and privileges of the collegiate m ^^1 i 1 j' ECCLK8U8TICAL mSTOET OF IBELAin). 317 church, wardens and vicars, and soon after united to it the churches of Furanmore, Moycullen, and Skryne. Tlie people of Galway were remarkable for their urbanity and e}e- gai.ce of marnere, equalling those of the most refined community John Lynch, bishop of KiUala, in his life of Francis Kirwan, his prede- cessor, says, that the city of Galway was adorned with green marble walls, flanked by numerous towers, and that within the precincts of these walls were edifices of the same material; its noble squares arid fai. proportions, elegant and symmetrical, gladdened the vision, and tliat It appeared to him as Jerusalem did to the prophet Jeremias, a city of most perfect beauty. (r'llway, far-fiimed for its beauty, has been equally so for its piety and devotion, as well as its attention, to the splendor of Catholic cere- monial in public woi-ship,- as Galway appeared to Rinuccini, the nun- cio extraordinary from the court of Rome to the people of Ireland to be nearest his ideal of a Christian church. ' llie following verses taken from Ilardiman's History of Galway will illustrate the ancient piety and devotion of the fourteen principal fami- hea of Galway, as well as the splendor of their city :— Rome boasts seven hills, the Nile its seven-fold stream; Around the pole seven radiant planets gleam : Galway, Conncian Rome, twice equals these, * She boasts twice seven illustrious families. Twice seven high towers defend her lofty walla, And polished marble decks her splendid halls ; Twice seven hor massive gates, o'er which arise Twice seven strong castles, towering to the skieg. Twice seven her bridges, through whoso arches flow The silvery tides majestically slow. Her ample church with twice seven altars flames— An heavenly patron every altar claims ; While twice seven convents pious anthems raise ; Seven for each sex, to sound Jehovah's praise." Tlic warden of Galway, sometimes styled qupliod to the Irisli prelates to send him a bishop, through whom his kingdom would be brought to the knowledge of the true (Jod. Our Saint Aidan was consocnited in Ireland ; he was a monk of the abbey of Ily ; a num of great meekness, and well adapted for the mission to which he was destined. Hie early ])art of this saint's life is involved in obscurity : one thing is certain, tliat lio was a native of the green isle, as all the moidvs of Ily were snjiplicd from Ireland, a fact to which the annals of lloscrea, the calendara of Cashel, Donegal and Tallagh bear testinu)ny. On his arrival aiimngthe Northumbrians, king Oswald assigned him, nrcording to his desire, t!ie island of Lisdisfarne (now calU-il Holy I(?li.nd), as a phut' in which ho was to constitute his see. The pious missionary lost no time in (roiiunetu'ing his holy labors, ami as Aidnn did not thoroughly understand the langiuige of the North llritons, tho king himself, who was master of the Irish language, acted as iuterpro- tor. Sooji after, auxiliaries, chiefly m(>Mks, arrived from Ireland, llio gopj)el was preadied with great zeal and abundant iVuit throughout the ■whole cm^ntry ; chnrchea were erected, — tho {.'O'jjjIg hastened with joy to hoar tho word of God ; lands and property wore granted for tho ureo EOCLESUSTICAL HISTOBT OF IRELAOT). tion of monasteries and schools, in which Enir!;,}, „i,;i^ he wa, Me,a,«.,I,le. He noW., J ' .• „„^ t' 'l''!; .°^'«f T world; wl.atever was nresental 1,. „ ■ , """'" "' "'» aU.H.aM .0 „.e ^JZZ H^rSZ^^^Il ^:""^' !«" travelled on foot, unless in on... i- ' ^"^ journeya he good Lu. " "'■»'-«"■'"« -"l the p,ac.ico of From the exampJe which Iip o-nvo -^r • adopted „. practice' „r fJJlTl:'!Z,Tr "V""'" ^"^""" ever,. Wedncsda. ,„i F„-,i„;,.„ „,. ^'^/'''^V "'". "<>e™»on, „„ aad w„i.„„Hdc; He nevc/oitzr'.i ^ i ::..:r://""°' «,,«.,, „,c „,,.,a™f„„, „f,|,c Hcl,, and ,ovc4 r^ k a ,1 c„ 'dr He adhered, with pertinacity, to the Irish mn,1« f , , E-tcr, b„, l,i, „,,„n.a„ce cf „,„■ f„a„, 'I I ™t ,,1 sf ''""'« as the Jews kept it JTonrc^ .> Ja .1 . i ^ ^ Sunday, not tice which lJ2or'r^C2T "" "7 '""'■'"^' '" ^''^' I'- conld not k..enlC;rltra vTm "^"' ^"'" *''"* '^'^'-"«'' '- 1.0 di,i,ent„ kiHii!:::::"^,! : ri::^^^'"-- ^'^'"' those who differed from hin. nn J • "^ '*^''*''" '"'"^*^' ""^l iWn,. ..„,. „, ca,„cr„„r,. .J^,,^ ^y" '^ Aidan was succeeded in the see of Lisdisf.u-r.n h,, t.- n,a„, and „:.„ . ,„„„„„, „f „,„ e„l„„d,„ t ^ , f, r;"' "" '"'\ '« e,a.c„p„c,, Ki„„„ c,„„.„,,cd ... ,„c fai.l, !• a, i, „ rM^ni ™^ Alcl,n«la, .l,„ daughter „r ki„„ , „,,;, T *."' "'""'" ,"" """- m l» accepted ,„„.. ,„'„ ■„ ™,5„ 1' :, Id r^,, ,,,'':?; "' 1 01 li.,«vi„K innt,,, scendod of an illustrious family of Lein- ster; his father, Majiius Kcceas, and his mother, Uriga, being both collaterally tlescended from Niath-corb, the anct»tor of all the kings of >'hic6 ; and it is said Columba having arrived near tlie church P of St. Ktchin, en(piirod for the bishop, and was told, " there ho is bdow, ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0KY OF lEELAND. 327 plowing in a field." Tlie ordination of Columba is supposed to have taken place, A.D. 551, and in the 30th of his age. Coluinba is charged with being the cause of a war between tlie king of Ireland and his relatives, in which the troops of the monarch were put to flight, and three thousand of them slain, while the relatives of the saint lost only one sold-'er. Tlie monarch of Ireland thi-eatened to extirpate the wliole race of Tirconnel, and with that intent marched to- wards their territoiy. Thus was the monarch the aggressor, and against him the saint threatened the vengeance of Heaven,— the only part he seems to have taken in this melancholy transaction. Tlie battle in which tlie relatives of St. Columba were so signally successful was fought at Culdremni, not far f.'om Sligo to the north, in the year 561 ; the saint praying, in tlie mean time, to the God of battles, to bestow the victory on those whom the monarch would have anniiiilated. Columba, inflamed with zeal for the conversion of the northern Picts, and of his countrymen who were settled in Argyle and in other adjacent tracts, resolved to go and preach to them tlie trutlis of salva- tion. Before his departure for tliat country, a grant of the island of Hy was made to }iim by his relative Conall, king of the Albanian Scots Accompanied with twelve disciples— Baithen, thesuccessor of Columba; Cobtach, tlio brother of Baithen ; Ernaan, the uncle of holy Columba; Dermoil, 'lis steward or overseer; Bus and Fethuo, the sons of Rodan ; Scandal, ■.-on of Bresail, the son of Endeus, the son of Neil ; Luguid Mocutheimne; Echoid ; Tliorannu Mocuflr; Cetea ; Cairnaan, son of Branduib, the son of Me'lgi Grillaan,— he sot sail for the island, where he arrived after a short passage, in the year 5(33. He then proceeded to the erection of his monastery and church, and soon after undertook the con- version of the northern Picts, who inhabited the whole of Scotland, north of the great range of the Grampian mountains. The saint was the first Christian missionary who jireaehed in this wild region ; and having re- paired to the residence of King Ludius, whose gates were shut against him,by order of that prince, but on advancing with his comiianions, and making thereon the sign of the cross, the liai-s were inimediately unloosed. Tlie king, as well as his coimcil, struck with terror at the prodigy, went forth to meet Columba, wluun ho welcomed in the most respectful man- ner, and treated with every mark of attention. Tito king received the word of life, and the Magi, still anxious to f^dstaiu their ancient erroi-s, exerted themselves in preventing the missionaries from preaching to the people. The Almighty was, however, pleased to confirm the mission of Columba by various miracles. A boy having died, .vhoee parent- wcrft converted and baptized ; the magi hoping to profit by the event, liegan to jeer and insult tl»o parents, and to boaut that their deities wore i 328 ECCLESU8T1CAL mSTORT OF IRELAjn). I stronger than the God of tlie Christians. Columba apprised of the in- solence of the magi, went to the house of the parents, and exhorting tlieni to liave confidence in the mercy of God, was shown into the apartment where the body of tlie boy Wiva stretched. Ordering the per- sons who were present to retire, Columba fervently prayed for some time, and then directing his eyes to the body of the deceased, he said : " In the name of the Lord Jesus Christ arise and stand ui)on thy feet." Immediately the boy returned to life; and the saint taking him by the hand, bro\ight him to his parents, whose sorrow was thus suddenly changed into joy and exultation, — and glory was thus given to that God who confounds the scoffer, by exalting his saints, and rendering their cause triumphant. Tlie exertions of the saint were attended with great success — churches and religious houses were erected in that country during the time of his fii-st preaching there. lie also left persons to in- struct the converts and to propagate the faith of Christ during his tera- jiorary absence. It is said that he penetrated into the Orkney islands, and formed cells in tliem. His proceedings in the western isles are bet- ter known. With indefatigable zeal he visited them frequently, preach- ing the gospel — supplying them with religious instructors — erecting churches, and founding pious communities. Ilymba, one of those iisles, is particularly mentioned as a favorite retreat of St. Columba. Here he erected a monastery, over which he placed, some years after, his maternal uncle, Einan, and in which he was visited by four found el's of monasteries in Ireland : Comgall, Cainnech, Brendan of Clonfert, and Cormac Una Liathain ; and there, while celebrating the divine mysteries, at their request, and in the presence of these holy men, St. Brendan saw a very bright flame, like a burning pillar, as if ascending from his head, which continued from the moment of consecration until the sacrifice was completed. It was also in this island that he had some exti'aordimiry visions from heaven, which lasted for three days, and as many nights. lie founded several monasteries in another island called Ethicn, over one of which ])resided Baithen, who afterwards became his successor in the al)bcy of Ily. A disciple of his and a priest Finachan, with whom the saint was disjileased for concurring in having promoted to the priest- hood Aldus (the black), of the royal blood of the Irish Picts, a san- guinary man-, who had killed, beside othei's, Diermit, monarch of Ire- land, founded another monastery in the island of Ethica. While St. Columlta "as engaged in visiting the adjacent islands, converting and civilizing the inhabitants, he was frequently obliged to Btruggio in their dof* nee, oa was 8t. Patrick, in Ireland, against oer tain depredators, professedly Christians, who tratHckod in the plundui w-m^ BOCLE8U8TICAL HISTORY OF IREI-ANB. 329 Which those islands afforded. One of tliose spoliatore, Jolin, of the royaJ family of Ganran, who waa coasting along the islands, St. Colrmba warned to desist from his u,i awful pursuit, and to return the l)ooty wh.oh lie acquired, lest the vengeance of Heaven should overtake him Despising the admonition of Columba, he set sail, hut he was soon overtaken by a violent blast from the north, which sank the vessel, so that he and h,s companions miserably perished, as St. Columba foretold Having excommunicated some of the ringleaders, who were of the royaltam, y o the British Scots, one of their adlierents, Lamdess, re- Bolved on his destruction, rushed against him with a spear, but the saint l.rovKlenfally escaped intact, as the assassin, notwithstanding all his m,ght, was n.,t able to drive his weapon through the garment of the saint, whH.b Inudulgan a monk of Ilymba, who threw iLself between Columba and Ins intended murderer, had put on St. Columba superintended also the aftairs of the British Scots, and formed some rebg.ous establishments in their lingdom; one of ij near Logh iwe, in Argylo, was governed by one of" his Lnks, n med Sell"" ^f 'Tl •"-^^^^'■"^-*J-> .■cclesiastical concerns of 1^ Scott., mst.tut.ons, Columba did not neglect the care of those which he had fonned .n Ireland. Thither he sent messengers to transact tl e business relative to their management, and repaired himself TpeL „ when mattei-s ot importance required that he should appear. I L 2 frequently v.s.ted by persons from Ireland, who were either his friend or others who were desb^us of consulting him on religious ul ct S.,cli he always rece ved, whether of high or low concbtion, w f ho greatest kindness, and entertained with becoming hospitality Among those Irish visitoi. was an Aldus, a very religious man, who had hved twelve years with St. Brendan, of Clonfert. On the day b fore Ins arrival, Columba said to his brethren, " We intend t Z tl n orrow, as usual, because it will be Wednesday, but on account of t stranger who will be with us, the fast will be lu-oL-n." Su 1 was the d,screfon of Coh.mba, that he did not scn.ple to give necess ^Tl^! .ncnt to a weaned traveller, without obliging hin! to wait f/the ^1^- nary hour of tak.ng food on a fast day. Cronan, a bishop of M^ns e was another v.s.tor who did not through hun.ility wish th t his .1 "n ity' as a lushop, should bo known to Colu.nba. B..t in the celebration oJ ".ass the .shop having called on the saint to join him as a p st ia break.ng the Lord » b,-ea.l, Colu.nba can.o up to the aha.-, an. loli, g J""' -" the face, sa.d, " Christ bless yon, brother, do you alone break t nccorCng to the episcopal rite, for now we knoJ thuf vou .re . t ' ^Vhy have you hitherto en.ieavored to conceal yourself,7o as not t^o It* «a pay that veneration due to you by us ?" 380 ECCLESIASTICAL HISIDBY OF lEKLAOT). Columba was held in the highest veneration by clergy and people, as well as the sovereigns of Ireland and those of Britain ; an instance of which occurs in his having been the person selected for inaiigxirating, or as his biographers express it, " ordaining Aidan as king of the British Scots," after the death of Conal. Tlie saint, unwilling to inaugurate Aidan, as he Avas more inclined to have Eugene, Aidan's brother, raised to tlie throne ; but having been repeatedly warned by nocturnal visions to ordain Aidan as king, he consented to do so ; and the prince having an'ived at his monastery of Ily, Columba performed the ceremony. Cumineus and Adauman relate, that when Columba was in the island of Ilymba, an angel 'appeared, holding a book, which the heavenly mes- senger* ordered him to read, and to ordain Aidan king, as that book commanded. The saint refusing to obey the order, we are assured, was struck with a whip, and a mark was left, which remained during his life. The angel then assured him that he was sent by the Almighty, and threatened to repeat the former chastisement if he would persist in his disobedience. Henceforth Columba became much attached to Aidan, for whom the predilection of IToaven was so signally manifested, and afterwards evinced his anxiety for the welfare and prosperity of this king, whose inauguration was blessed by his own hand. When Aidan was after- wards commencing a battle against tlie enemies of his kingdom, Co- lumba, then in the moiuistery of lly, ordered his attendant Diermit to strike the bell, upon which the monks hastened to the church, to Avhom he aimounced, having tii-st devoted some time to prayer, that the barba- rians were defeated, and that Aidan had gained a victory, yet not with- out great loss on his side. In the year 590, St. Colum* .; paid a visit to Ireland — an assembly being at that time held at Drumceat, in the county of Derry. Aidus was then monarch of Ireland, and Columba was invited in the most pressing manner to assist at this national convention. It appeara, that one of its objects was the suppression of the Bardic institute, against which '.as raised a cry of general dissatisfaction throughout the country. Various were the charges whicli the enemies of the order preferred ; and to destruction would the whole order have been doomed, had not Columba interjiosed his good offices. Upon liis advice it was arranged that tlieir number sJiould bo limited, and that certain rules should bo adopted, by which anjioyance to the public would be re- ni'ved. From Drumceat St. Columba repaired to his favorite monas- teries of Derry and Dnrrow ; he afterwards visited Clonnuicnoiso, wliero he was received with gi-eat marks of attention and kindness. At this time he also visited the abbey of Ballysadare, whither St. Muridach, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOKT OF IRELAND. 83] Lisliop of Killala, and St. Dervhail, a holy nun of Erris, came to pay lain tlieir respects, with whom he must liave tarried for some time, as he is enumerated among th ,• saints who blessed the port of Killala.' Ilia next visit Mils to St. Comgall, of Bangor; thence he went to Coleraine, to which place the inhabitants of the country came in multitudes to see lura and obtain his benediction. St. Columba returned to his monas- tery of Ily, and though now far advanced in years, continued to govern both it and his other religious establishments. The happy day of his release from toil approaching, Columba, attend- ed by Diermit went to bless the barn which belonged to the monastery, and having acquainted his faithful attendant that the last of his daysha.l arrived, he ascended an eminence, and with up-raised hands gave Jm benediction to the monastery. On his return to the abbev he sat down in an adjoining hut, and copied a part of the Psalter ; and having corao to a passage in the 33d Psalm : "Inquirentes autem Dominum, non de- ficient omni bono," he stopped, and said, "Let Baithen write the remainder.'' Tlie saint afterwards attended vespers in choir, and then retired to his cell, where he reclined on his bed of stone, and gave instructions which were to be at a future time delivered to the brethren of his establishments. The hour for midnight prayei-s having arrived, Colum- ba hastened to the church ; his attendant soon after entered, and found him in a reclining posture before the altar, anc' at the point of death. Immediately the monks were assembled, who were expressing their sor- row with teai-s, but tlie saint raising his eyes, viewed them with a bright and clieerful countenance, and with the assistance of Diermit, who raised his right hand, Columba gave a final benediction to the co'inmu- nity, and resigned his soul into the hands of his Saviour, whom he faith- fully served, on the morning of Sunday, the S)th of Juno, A.D. 597, and in the seventy -sixth year of his age. The memory of this great and extraordinary saint is, and ever will be held in the highest veneration, not only in Ireland, but also in Scot- land,, the Hebrides, and over the western church. Tliough only a priest St. Columba exercised ecclesiastical jurisdiction even over the bishop^ of those countries, and this singular privilege was reserved to his suc- cessors a considerable time after his death, as a mark of respect to his memory. St. Columba drew up a monastic nile, which was strictly and faithfully observed in all the houses of his institute, lie composed Beveral tracts in prose and verse, abounding with scriptural knowled-ro and theological research. Three of his Latin hymns have been pub- lished,— the fii'st c.MumoncingMith the eternity, unity and trinity of God. embraces other sacred subjects, and concludes with a description ti 332 F0Ca:.ESIA8TICAL HISTOBT OF IREI.AND. of the day of judgment, the general resurrection, and the rewards )f the just and the impious. lie has also left a beautiful tract in honor of St. Kieran, of Clonmacnoise. His last composition was the life of St. I'rtLrick, written in the Irish language. With respect to the prophecies which are commonly ascribed to St. Columba, there is no settled opinion among the antiquarians of our island ; some receive them as genuine, and others reject them as not authentic. The monastery of Hy waa governed by his successor, Baithen, and the institute of Columba hav- ing long contributed to the salvation of souls, was preeminently the glory and the ornament of the western church. Saint Columbanns was a native of Leinster, and born about the year 559. When a youth, he was placed under the care of the venerable Senile, who was at that time eminent in sanctity as weU as in know- ledge of the holy Scriptures. Under the guidance of such a preceptor, Columbanns formed the resolution of engaging in the monastic state, and under the influence of this pious resolve repaired to Bangor, where he remained for many years under the discipline of its holy abbot, St. Comgall. Superior talents, a powerful mind, a happy disposition, and an ardent desire to please God and to dedicate his days to the service of religion were strongly exhibited in the life of Ct)lumbanus, while at Bangor. With this object in view he fixed his mind on retiring to some foreign country, and having notified to the holy abbot of Bangor his resolve, twelve of the brethren were chosen to become the companions of his spiritual laboi-s. Having proceeded to Britain, the missionaries embarked for Gaul, and arrived about the year 500, on the frontiei-s of Burgundy. Tlie neighboring v rritory of tlie Vosges was that which they selected, and having penetrated into this wild and desolate region, they fixed their abode in a deserted fort called Anagrates ; in such a place they must have endured some privations, living on a limited supply of wild herbs, and a kiiid of apples which the wilderness produced. Tlie fame of their'sanctity spreading far and near, numbers of people ap- proached to hear the words of salvation from the lips of Columbanus ; many of them presenting themselves, and requesting admission into his community. It was therefore found necessary to erect a monastery. A site was fixed ujjon, named Luxen, in the centre of the forest, about eight miles distant from the fort, that first afibrded Columbanus and his companions a temporary retreat. Tlie number of jiostulants daily augmenting, a second monastery was founded, which obtained, from the number of its springs, the lanie of " Fontaines." St. Columbanus drew up a rule for the guidance of his institute, which was afterwards observed in France before that of St. Benedict was introduced, and the Gallican bishops in the council of ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0ET OF IRELAND. 833 Macon, A.D. 027, commended tlie constitutions of Columbaniis, which, for many years, having been tlie rule in several monasteries of France', Italy, Germany, and Switzerland, were at length modified and engrafted witli those of St. Benedict. As the trials of this life are the ordinary . portion of zealous and holy men, Columbanus was obliged to endure trouble, which Tlieodoric, king of Burgundy, or rather tiie queen dow- ager Bnmchant set in operation. For some time the king behaved with kindness-was wont to visit the saint in his solitude, and listened with attention to the instructions which Columbanus imparted ; but the haughty and irreligious woman, Brunchant, who had Ion- held the reins of government, soon contrived to remove the impressions which the councils of the saint tended to make. The queen dowa-er frus- trated the arrangement of the king's marriage, as she could not endure a rival :n the court ; and in order to prevent a possibility of such an event, she employed every means to corrupt the morals of the prince and lead inm into the most debasing excesses. Perfectly successful m her mfamous design, the court became a den of prostitution; order, rehgion, decency disregarded, vicious example soon produced Its baneful effects, and began t- corrode the heart of society in all its grades as a cancer. Columbanus, apprized of its ravages, remonstrated witii II .odonc, who unheeded his admonitions. He repaired to Spissia, where the court was held, but he could ii„t be induced to put up at the palace, or in any of the royal mansions. The king having heard of his arrival, resolved to receive tiie saint with becoming respect; tlie ser- va Its of his houselmld were in attendance, and a sumptuous repast pre- pared tor h.m, whose food consisted of the wild herls which the wilder- J..S- afforded; but sumptuous and delicious as they were, the royal repast had no attraction for the saint. MVhat meaneth this munifi- cence?' asked Columbanus ; " why tliose costly presents, which to us must be unacceptable ? It is written, ' The Most iligh rejects the gifts ot t he impious,' nor is it meet that the servants of God should be dehied with such viands." To the remonstrance and to the advice of Columbanus, the king and Brunchant replied, promising a reform. Scarcely, however, had the saint departed, when the irregularities of the court were renewed, and scenes ot more refined vice and profligacy introduced. Again the .eal of Columbanus is directed against the contagious example of the court. Ho ad.lrosses a letter to the king, denouncing his depravity, and reject- ing communion with him, until he would have shewn abundant signs of repentance. Brunchant, still intent on maintainiuL. her «vil influence even at the expense of religion and the character of the king, once' more inflamed the pas.ions of nieodoric, which the strong remonstrance SS4 EXX3LE8UBTICAL HI8TOEY OF IRELAND. of Coltimbanus was calculated to tranquilize ; and acconipaiiied by his courtiers and guards, tiie king set out for Luxen, determined on expel- ing Columbanus and his community from his kingdom. The cloister was entered by the king ; an armed soldiery was stationed in the abode of prayer and meditation, while Columbanus remained in the sanctuary, and addressed the king in language becoming a man who was resolved to lay down his life in the cause of religion and morals. " If," he ex- claims, " thou art come, sire, to violate the disciplire already estab- lished, or to destroy the dwellings of God's servants, know, that in heaven there is a just and avenging power: thy kingdom shall be trkea from thee, and both thou and thy royal race sliall be cut off and destroyed f;n the earth." The king, alarmed and struck with remorse, withdrew to his palace ; however, soon after, a body of troops were ordered to proceed, and expel Columbanus and his Irish associates from the king's dominions ; those who were natives of France were permitted to remain ; and our saint, on his departure, amidst the teai-s and lamen- tations of his disciples, besought them to be of good heart, that the Lord of heaven and earth would be their father, and reword them in those mansions of bliss, into which the perpotratoi-s of sacrilege can never expect to enter. St. Columbanus departed from the Vosges, having resid<^d about twenty years in that country. Ilagamund, the captain of t la guard, had orders to escort those holy men to the sea- board, — an office which he performed with the greatest ci-uelty, as tho minion of abused authority almost invariably is wont to do. The jour- ney was continued without interruption, day and night ; and having at length readied Nevei-s, they were compelled to embark in boats, then plying on the Loire. Passing by Tours, they, with great difficulty ar- rived at Nantz, where they remained a few days, awaiting a ])assage to Ireland. A vessel being ready to put t>. sea, they embarked, and on hav- ing reached the ocean, a violent storm arose, which drove baok the ship, and cast her on the shore, where she ^ay during the night. Tlio cap- tain and his crew, imder the impressioii tliat his mishap arose from having the saint and liis co?npanions on board, refused to bring them further, .;:;d accordingly they were left on the shore. The storm imme- diately abated, and the sliip put to sea. Columbanus acknowledging the will of heaven in the event, and reflecting on the important services which he could render to the ignorant inhabitants of the district, di- rected liis steps to Kantz, and thence to Auctrasia, over which Theodo- bcrt, the brother of hia persecutor, ruled. His ulterior aim was to form a settlement in some part of Italy, near the Alps. During his journey thither, he was kindly received by several bishops, and experienced great hospitality from Clotlmrius, the relative of Tlieodoric, and king of ECCLE9U8TIOAL IIISTOrvY OF IBKLAND, gog the Soissons. Wlien he entered the dominions of Tlieodobert, he was introduced to the king, and wa8 received with every mark of respect and attention. Having in a few days embarked on the liiune he con- tmued hiH ro.,te to Mentz, and preached there at the request of the bisliop, who wislied to detain Jum, but liis zeal for the conversion of those who were stiil in the darkness of error and S'peretition outweigh- ing every other consideration, he was allowed to proceed on his journey At tlie desire of the good king Thoodobert, of Austrasia, he travelled along the lake Zurich, in Switzerland, and converted in the canton of Zug, a great number of people to the faith of Christ. Thence he de parted for Arbona, near the lake of Constance ; but this district having been tolerably well sr^pplied with missionaries, he directed his course towards the ancient Bregentz, which an idolatrous people inhabited, and from whom he met witii an immediate repulse. Deemin-. it more prudent to begin his labors with the Swiss, who dwelt in the "adjoining lands, he removed amongst them, and by numerous miracles, incessant preachmg, and the good exa-.nple of his connnunity, he succeeded in convertmg the entire population of tin's hitherto unfrequented territory Eeturnmg ro Bregentz with his brethren and a number of the Swi^' Columbamis entered their Pagan temple on a solemn festiva],-address- ed the people—invuked the name of Christ .nd forthwith the tlu-ee great brazen statues which they worshipped were prostrated, and the leading men and principal portion of the inhabitants were converted to the faith. At their request, Columbanus erected a monastery in tlieir neighborhood, and according to the custom of I.-land, annexed a school to It, which became, in . er ages, much celebrated. St. Columbanus feeling an impulse to go and preach the gospel to the Venetu or Sclavi, but warned from lieaven that the period for their conve:-sion Iiad .lot yet come, proceeded on liis journev to Italv, and ar- rived in Milan about the year CI 2. The Arian heresv, though ably refuted by different writers, and solemnly condennuKr by the general council of Nice, was still upheld by a considerable portion of the Eastern church. Against those heretics Columbanus published a very learned tract, demonstrating the divinity of the Son of God, from the authority of the sacred scrii)tures, as well as the uniform tradition of all ages. At this time, likewise, the celebrated question of the three chapters had caused an unusual sensation all over Italy. The pro- duction called the " three chaptei-s " was condemned in the second council of Constantinople, the iifth general one of the church held in the year MS, and yet the controvei-sy which they raised, was still agi- tated at Milan ; and though their condemnation put an effectual stop to the progress of Nestorianism, still there were many in the East and 336 ECCLK8IAST1CAL ni8TOK\ OF IKELAWD. West who endeavored to uphold that impious heresy. It was this cir- cumstance that caused St. Columbanus to address his famous epistle to Pope Boniface IV, " To the most lovely of all Europe — ^to the head of all the churches — to the beloved father — to the exalted prelate — to the pastor of pas- tors," &c. In the body of the letter, Columbanus proceeds to say : " For we, Irish, are disciples of SS. Peter and Paul, and of all the di'inely inspired canonical writei-s, adherin,": constantl}' to the evangeli- cal and apostolica^ doctrine. Amongst us, neither Jew, heretic, or schis- matic can be found, bnt the Catholic faith unaltered, unshaken, precisely as we have ' received it from you,' who are the successors of the apos- tles. For as I have already said, we are attached to the chair of Peter; and although ricnie is great and renowned, yet with ns it is great and illustrions, only on account of that apostolic cliair. Through the two apostles of Christ, you are almost celestial, and ' Home is the head of the churches of the world.' " In the year 613, St. Columbanus, at the earnest request of the king Arnulf, founded the monastery of IJobbio, in a romantic part of the Apennines ; in the mean time, Theodoric was cut otf, when on the point of waging war ag'iinst Clotharius, who was hi, relative ; two of his sons were slain, and the third was expelled the kingdom. Tlie infamous T'w-unci.ant was put to death by Clotharius, who ascended the throne, and became monarch of all Franco. A.D. (il.'l. Columbanus, thus tried in the furnace of pei-.tecntion under Tlieodo- ric, spent the remainder of his days ir his holy retreat of IJobbio, and died on the 2l8t of November, (JIT). !>■ ^ in the seventy-second year of his age. The pen of this great saint ])ro(liicod many essavs on various 8ul>- jects pertaining to a spiritinil life. His monastic rnlf consisted of ten cliapters: — of obedience, silence, regimen, the sliiimiiug of cupidity, contempr o.' vanity, on chastity, ihe divine otlice, discretion, niorfitica- tion, and the perfection of the monk. Tiie memory of Columbanus will be ever revered in the western church , and whiio in Ireland his name is luinded down with admiration, the pages of Gallicnn history will supply a splendid record of the services done to that nation by the zeal, labors iind writings of St. OilumbaMns. Saint (iaili's or Oall was one of the principal disci jtli's who had ac- companied St. ('oluiMbaniis on his missinn from Irtland. Having removed from IJregentz to Milan, in th« year 613, Columi)anus entrust- ed his favorite comjianion, (Jallns, wifli the caro of the infant congrega- tions, which liad l)een formed in that torrii>)ry. Zeaio\H for the convor- siun of this country, Gallus entered the deserts, with wiiicli it ubuiinded, ECCLESIASTICAL UISTOEV OF IRELAND. 337 tery on the s:te, -.vhere the town and abbey of St. Gall now stand. Tho fame of Ins sanctity soon became celebrated throughout the country Tlie see of Constance being vacant, and the prelates and clergy having assembled to elect a chief pastor, Gallus was invited by T Duke Giinzo to attend. As soon as he entered the assembly, the iel arose, and castmg their eyes on the holy Gallus, declared with one vo.ce, that he was the person best suited to fill the vacant cliair. The duke h.mself, ,n the interim, addressed Gallus in the following words • Do you hear what they say of you ?" " I wish," replied Galh^ '< thai what they have said had been the fact; but do they not know, t at 1^ canons w not, unless in so„,e very urgent case, allow pe. i to be ordamed b,shops of districts, of which thoy are not nativl I have a deacon, John a native of this country, to whom everything that ha! been stated o me n.ay be justly applied ; and as I think'lmn d til I" the du.ne judgn.ont, I propose him to you as your bishop." John, who was both a learned at Macerias on the Kith of January, A.I), ti.'ift; liis remains wore al\er- wards tran.-latod to Pe"omie in I'icardy and interred on tlie east side of the high nitar. The Ulster annals and other authorities state, that Fui-sey was a bisliop. Among his disciples, who were natives of Ire- land, and whose services art; ftill reeonled in various parts of the Continent, may be mentioned the Abiiofs Khiiiuius, Adaigisuii, Mal- guil, Lactan, Mombiilus, Fredegand, and liertuiii, bishoji of Maeonia, in the territory of Lioge, and Ktto bishop and aoostlo of the Avernos. See iiathinat, {'ounty (lalway. Saint Kylian, the illustrious apostle of Franconin, was raided to itie opiscojiacy in Ireland ; withdrew from his native country in the year 686 to the Continent, accompanied by a number of iniHsionaries, among whom were Cnhnan, a priest, and Totnan, a deacon. Among the iii- habitants of Wurl/.burg, in FVanconia, tlie ern^rs of Paganism (still jircvailed. And thither Kilian procieeded, having fli-st obtained tho B00UMU8TICAL HISTORY OK IRELAND. 339 Gozbert, the ruling prince, embraced tbe faith oChwlr,?^ labo. of the hoi, ™.ionary were ever, da/ tile" 2 Ihe marnage of Go.bert with Geilana, the wife of 1^ 1 tl a Bome time called forth the admonitions of St k! . l '' ^^' to the king the impronrietv of JT ^ ""' ^' '"eP'-esented in— te^eparatLr:lS; rraZn'ter tr'V'^'' quainted with the king's resolution J T ''"''' '"^'^^ ^'^■ the church at night .'2x1' ."'. *''' '''^'•'"■"^' ^''« ''"^^^'^^ cheerfull, subnutted to the will of heaven and ! « f ^ ""««>onaries Jul,, A.D.«89; their remains were "led ,," ""- ''' ^' burg, wWe St. K,lian is revered as i^l o^ e Id 'p^tT ' '' "^"^^ feun.t iMacre was of an illustrious fanulv in Irelanf W' , • , a solitar, lite, he withdrew to France wifh ' r • , """^ '" ''"^ to St. Faro, who was attentive title HI " '''''' ""' "^^P''^^' nu. whon, .is father Chan r e e L , ir""'?' '' ^'^'"'"' - which he could retire from the tro b^o 1 : 2" ^'"^^^""7^; ^« immediately gave him one onf nf l "'^'^"''^■ TI"s good bishop B.-euii, whL/^waa zzsn 'z.c:::f ^ ' f r ^'^"^^ a«ter, in honor of the blesse•y ilhistno-is family, who,,, he had instructed in IroIan.I J , H. on th. expediH..... U.y arrived «t Uol'^^ r:;!;:":; I^owm the P.ous; having ren.ained there for 8<,u,e tinu. ,.,I '^"'"""-V"r.'"T""^'^ " ••'<> -vereign ponti;;!;'!: :^ ^T^ • ny and v.s.ted .une churches of ,!,at ,.Iu..e. ()„ arrivi, 1 , r ' ^.«tus was received by the der.y „,.d eople of tl.: ^ ^i H:^ -I'-'tivble one, with great honor, and as the see happ<.ne.i o lov".cuf Dona us was rcp.csted to undo-tako thogovernn.en of it. Ho t ," h co..pl>ed w.,b their re,,ue.st, and .cU.l, fo.. . bu.g ti.ne, t le; ^ f^ Jjood p-isto, unM. the A.n.ig-..y w. phased to n;;ovo hbu to T ^ >V"'I'!. llm losl.val ,« observed on tlio SJW of October. The .J]!f 11 i '!! 842 ECCLK8IA8TICAL HISTOEY OF IBELAND. his death is not known ; it must have been subsequent to 861. The time of his accepting the see of Fiesole could not be in the year 816, as Grusolplius was bishop there in that year, and attended at a Synod held at Rome. Donatus was bishop of Fiesole before 844, in which year he was pre- sent at the coronation of Lewis, the son of Lotharius, as king of Italy. He was its bishop in 861, being present at a Lateran Council that sat in this year under Pope Nicholas I., against John, archbishop of Raven- na. Donatus, according to the most correct account, died in 863. A sister of his disciple Andrew (by name Brigid), a ve y saintly virgin, whom he was anxious to see before his death, left Ireland to pay lier brother a visit, and arrived in tnne to find him still alive, though near his end. On his death, she resolved to remain in Italy, and retired to a forest above Fiesole at the foot of the mountains, where, in the practice of great austerity, she led a solitary life and lived to a great age, esteemed by the people of the neighborhood. She died about 880. The disciple Andrew became a deacon of Fiesole and remained there several years, \intil by the direction of Donatus he re-established the church of St. Martin near the river Mensola, which washes the feet of the Fiesole hills, and founded there a nionastery, in which he piously spent the remainder of his days. Donatus is said to have written some tracts, which are not now extant, except his own epitaph and a poem which is preiixed as a pro- logue to a poetical life of St. Bridget. The prologue begins thus : Finibus occiduis dcRcribitur optima toUiis Nomine ct iinticjuis Scotia diotii libris, Insula dives (jpum, gemmarum, vcstis et aurl; Commoda corpnribus, uore, sole, solo. Mi'llo Unit pulohris ot luotois Hcotia ciunpi* Vt'Htibus ntqiie nrmif, frugilius, arto, viris Ursonim rabios nulla est ibi : wnva leonum Nomina neo nun<|uam f^cotioa torra tulit. Nulla vcnena noccnt, nco Kcrpcns corpit in horba Nee conijuocta canit Kirrubi nina lauu. Inqiia Sfiitoruin uMitcs bnbitnro nifvontur In ulyta t;ens hominum niilito, pace, fide. Having thus doHcribod Ireland, the poem is continued as a preface to th'j life of St. Bridget. The following is a translation of those linos: Far westward lies an i^H of ancient fiime, Wy nutiire blewcd. and Sootla is hor name: An island rich, exhaus'.lcss is hr- ature Uf Teinj silver »nu uf golden or*, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEY OF lEELAND. 848 Her fruitful soil forever teems with wealth, With gems her waters and her air with health. Her verdant fields with milk and honey flow, Her woolly fleeces vie with virgin snow ; i Her waving furrows float with bearded corn. And arras and arts her envied sons adorn. ^o savage bear with lawless fury roves, No rav'ning lion through her sacred groves, No pi jon there infects, no scaly snake Creeps through the grass, nor frog annojs the lake. An island worthy of its pious race, In war triamphant, and unmatched in peace. Saint Vlrgilius or Feargall was a celebrated Irish missionary in Ger- many, together with St. Boniface. The tanuly or the district to which tins Insli saint belonged, is not known ; it is however said, that he was of noble extraction. Having very mnch distinguished himself by his piety and great learning, he was ordained priest, and soon alter set out lor the Continent, as a missionary. He arri^ ed in France before the year 74t} and was graciously received by Pepin, son of Charles Murtel and as yet only mayor of the palace, but who was afterwards raised to the throne. He remained two years with Pepin, who w,ts greatly attached to him, «t Cansiacum, a princely residence near Compiegne, on the Oise, and thence proceeded to Bavaria, which was then governed by the Duke Ot.lo, and to whom he was strongly recommended by Pepin Virgiiius was in Bavaria when the disputes with St. Boniface be-an whose jurisdiction extended then over that comitrv and other parte of Germany. They occurred on a theological question, to wliicli the i-mo- rance ol a priest gave rise. Not understanding the Latin, the priest in admunstenng baptism, was wont to say, "Patria et Filia et Suiritua bancta, instead of terminating these words with the consonant 8 Lomface, mformed of it, directed Virgilius and Sidonius or Sedna a companion of his, to re-baptize such pei-sons as had received t'le rite from this priest: tlu-y however refused, rightly maintaining that the baptisms administered by him were v.;:-!, and in order to protect them- selves agninst the exercise of any aufhcrity „n the part of Boniface, gavo u lull account of the transaction to Pope Zachary. Astonished at the conduct of Boniface, tlje pontiff immediately wrote to him, expressing the pain he had felt at his having given an order for the re-baptizing of those pei-sons, and put him on his iruard against a re,)etit>o„ of such an order, as the bai-tisms were valid and could not bo aifeetod by the mis.,,ron„Mciution of (he priest. It seems that Bon,faco, hurt hy the reproof fron: Kome, treated Virgilius with harHhnt*s and denounced him fo the j.ope. Various are said to l;av« 844 ECCLBSIASTICAI, HISTORY OF IBKLAND. n i •; been the cluuges which he preferred on this occasion. Tliey are too frivolous to be recounted ; but as Virgilins maintained some astronomi- cal doctrines, to which Boniface was a stranger, it was represented tc the supreme pontiff, that Virgilius held " that thei'e was another world and other men under the earth." The pope, under the impression that such was really the doctrine imputed to Virgilius, wrote to his opponent, that a synod should be convened, and Virgilius expelled from the Church, should he persist in maintaining such opinions. lie also informed Loniface that he was about sending a letter to the Duke Otilo concerning Virgilius, for the purpose of citing him to appear before himself, and if convicted of error, of condenming him according to the canons. It is now generally admitted that the oi)inion, which Virgilins main- tained, was no other than that relative to the antipodes ; an opinion which is founded on the sphericity of the earth. It was new to Boni- face, and hence arose the mistake, which he made in representing the doctrine of Virgilius on the subject to the p.mtiff. That Virgilius main- tained no such extravagant notion as tliat which Boniface attributed to him, is clearly to be undei-stood from the abandonment of all further proceeding's in the matter. Virgilius was abbot of St. Peter's mouiis- tery at Saltzburg betbre the death of Duke Otilo, A.D. 748, and seems to have continued in that situation, until he was promoted to the bisli- oju-ic of that city by Pope Stephen II. and the king Pepin in 756. It is said that Virgilius, though named to this see and exercising episcopal jurisdiction, deferred his consecration for two yeai-s, until at length he submitted to it, when urged by the other bishoj)s of the pro- vince and the clergy and people of his diocese ; and that in the interim, Dobda, a bishop, who accompanied him from Ireland, performed the necessary episcopal functions in his stead. According to some accounts Dobda was jjlacod as bisho}) at Clr.cm, in Upjior Bavaria, by the Duke Otilo, and established there a school, which was much Irequented by students. Aimther eminent Irishman, St. Alto, is said to have been tlie com- panion of Virgilius. Alto was descended of an illustrious family and is Bjild to have arrived in Bavaria, A.D. 7'^3] he lived some years as a hermit in a forest midway between Augsbiirg arid Munich. The fame of his sanctity reached the king Pepin, to whom that country was enb- ject, ami iuduci'd him to nuike a grant of a portion of tl;e forest for the j)urjiose of erecting thereon a church and monastery. Alto imme- diately began to clear the ground, and the good people of the neighbor- hood assisting, micce^led in com)iIeting tlio monastery and church, whicli Bt. Boniface dedicated. I'Vom him it was called Alt-Mun- iSCOLESIASTICAl. HISTORY OF IKELAJJD. 345 Bter. n.e memory of this holy man was revered on the 9th of Feb- ruary. Among other Iriah missionaries at this period in Bavaria is reckoned Dijchrn, who is said to have died at Frisengen, on, it seems, tlie Ist of December. Saint Virgilius, soon after his consecration, dedicated a church in Saltzbiirg, to St. Steplicn, in'wliicli lie placed an abbot and monks' taken from the monastery and ^'.. ch of St. Peter, which was still considered the cathedral. Some time after he repaired this moiiasterv, of which he had been abbot, and enlarged the cell built by St. Eupert, the first bishop of Saltzburg. He established another cell at Ottinga, which count Gunther endowed, and at whose expense it was also erected. His chief work was the great basilica, which ho constructed and dedicated in the name of St. Rupert, and having removed thesainL's remains to it, constituted it the cathedral. While attending to the erection of tern' pies to the living God, Virgilius, as a vigilant and assiduous pastor, con- tinually preaclied, instructed, and propagated the sublime doctrines of the gospel. Karastus, a son of Boruth, the Sclavonian duke of Carinthia, and Chetimar, nephew of the latter, (Boruth), being detained as hostages in Bavaria, they were baptized and educated at the recpiest of Virgilius, as Christians. On the death of Boruth, Karastus became duke of that country, but having died in the third year of his reign, ho was succeed- ed by Ciietimar, wlio was very religious, and had with him, as instruc- tor, Mnjoranus, a priest, whom St. Virgilius had ordained. Some timo after his accession to the dukedom, Ghetiinar requested Virgilius. then bishop of Saltzburg, to visit his territories, and confirm hissuly'ects in the faith. Compliance with the pious wish of the duke, not being within big power, Virgilius sent to that country Modostus, a bishop, some priests, a deacon, and other inferior clerics, authorizing Modestus to perform' tlic ordination of priests and the consecration of cliurclies. This bishop spent the reinainder of his life in Carinthia, and at his deatii the duko again requested the bishoj) of Salt/burg to proceed to his donn-nions ; but the duchy being distracted with intestine troubles, Virgilius was prevented from visiting it, and sent in his stead Latinus, a priest, who was soon after ..bliged to withdraw. Jfowever, Virgilius did not loso Bight of the interests of tlie church of Carinthia, and during the ad- ministratK)n of Chetimar atul his successor Watune, 8uj)plied it with priests. Tims was the church of Carinthia established, and St. Virgi- lius has been justly caHod the apostle of tliat country. Towanh the end of his life, Virgilius umlertook the visitation of his va^t dioceso, in order tliat ho might oradicato the remnants of idolatry. r . ■ ■jj . i| | w 346 ECCLE8IABTICAL HIBTORY OF IRKLAND. If Ji .( li nnd strengthen hia flock in the belief of the Christian religion. He waa everywhere received with attention by multitudes of all descriptions, and during his progress cojisecratea churches and ordained priests ; neither did he omit to visi Jarinthia, through which he proceeded aa fur as the frontiera of the xluns, where the Drave joins the Danube. Perceiving that his dissolution was approaching, Virgilius returned to Saltzburg, where, having celebrated the divine mysteries, and seized •with a light illness, he departed this life on the 27th of November, A.D. 785. It is stated, that many miracles have been performed at his tomb, in Saltzburg. Saint Mailduf, from whom Malrnesbury, in England, is called. Its former name was Ingeborn. Here our holy countryman became emi- nent as a teacher. Pleased with his situation, he lived at the foot of a hill, as a hermit, but afterwards, in order to supply his necessary wants, opened a school, which was not long after changed into a monastery. Tlie celebrated Aldhelm, the most distinguished of his scholai-s, became abbot of this establishment, in the year 675. He had received the habit and tonsure from Mailduf, and greatly enlarged the monastery. St. Mailduf died in the year 675, or a little prior to it. SS. Caidoc and Fricor, two Irish jjriests, who were much distin- gnished by their sanctity in the territory of Pontliieu, in Picardy. Being badly received by the peiisants of th.at country, they were on the point of being forced to quit, when a young nobleman, Richarius, who lived at Centule, in Pontliieu, took them under his protection, and in- viting them to iiis house, treated them witii attention and respect. He listened to their instructions, and in sorrow for the past transgressions of his life, made a confession of his sins, and became sincerely penitent. Henceforth they preached with freedom and with great success through- out various parts of Picardj'. Fricor assumed the name of Adrian, as more agreeable to his auditoi-s. Meanwhile, liicliarius, their patron, was advancing in sanctity ; and at length, in obedience to the advice of his holy directors, resolved to retire from the world. Having distri- buted a great part of his pu.perty to the poor, he founded the monas- tery of Centule, about the year 625. He is said to have visited Rome, in company with Caidoc. On their return, Caidoc embraced the mo- nastic state, in that abbey, and continuing there until his death, was buried within the precincts of that monastery. Fricor or Adrian also became a monk, and was buried in the monastery of Centule. Two other Irish missionaries, Rantic and Quilian, are said to have assisted St. Vulganius or Holcan, in preaching to the Morini, the inha- bitants of that tract in which Boulogne is situated. Vulganias was also an Irishman and a bishop, became distinguished aa a zealous mis- EC!CLE8IA8TICAL HI8T0BT OF IRELAND. 347 BioDRry in Bclgic Gaul, during a part of tlie seventh century, where his memory is still higli'.y revered ; tlie 2d of November is hia festival. The remains of St. Vulganius are preserved in the collegiate church of Lens, in tlie diocese of Arras. Saint Tressan, who was, it seems, an illiterate person, but a very good Christian, and wishing to lead the life of a pilgrim, went to France, taking with him six brothers, Gibrian, Ilelan, German, Veran, Abran, Petran; and three sisters, Fracta, Promptia,and Posenma, all of whom were very devout. He tarried in the territory of Eheims, near the Marne, when Remigius was bishop there, and who baptized Clovis I. Having acquired sufficieni learning, he was ordained a priest by Remi- gius, to whom he was recommended by Genebaldus, bishop of Laon. Tressan finished liis days in the diocese of Rheims, near the Jifarne, and was distinguished by his great piety, as well as by miracles. His remains were deposited at Avenay, in Ciiampagne. llie 7th of Febru- ary is dedicated to liis memory. The year of his death is unknown. Saint Albinus or Witta, the apostle of Thuringia, was a native of Ireland, and flourished in the eighth century. It is affirmed by Trithe- mins, tliat Albinus embraced the monastic state in L-eland, and after- wards repaired to Germany, where he converted numbera to the faith, and became a bishop about the year 741. He entered on the same mis! sion with St. Boniface, and was appointed hy him bishop of Buraburg, near Fritzlar, in Hesse. Albuin was in great esteem for his knowledge of the sacred writings ; and through his preaching and missionary labors has been venerated as the apostle and patron saint of that ex- tensive country. Tliougli honorable mention is made of this holy and apostolic man, by Arnold Wion and others, yet the particulars of his eventful life have not been handed down to us. Several works have been attributed to him ; the only one extant is a book of meditations addressed to the people of Duringen. His festival is observed on the 26th of October. Helias or Elill, an Irishman, and a disciple of Tlieodulf, bishop of Orleans, distinguished himself in France during the reign of Chavhjs the Bald, and afterwards became bishop of Angouleme. Tliis eminent prelate ranked among the learned men of the age, and for many ycare presided in the scliools of Franco, as professor of the sacred scriptures. Among his scholai-s was the celebrated Eric, bishop of Auxerre. When bishopofAngouleme, Ilelijis assisted, in 862, at the synod of Pistes, and in 866, at that of Soissons. This holy man died on the J>2d of September, A.D. 876. Moengal or Marcellus flourished about the middle of the ninth cen- tury. Ho travelled to Rome in 841, accompanied by his nephew, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 If 1^ 1^ 12.2 ti liZO U 111.6 ?|r '/ ///j Photpgraphic Sciences Corporation «• '\ V ^4 ■^ '#x V ^ ^A n WIST MAIN STRUT WHSTMNY 14580 (716) irs^sos k O" 4^ mp ^ ^ I. us ! ! I .1 lit BCCLE8USTI0AL HISTORY OF IRELAND. Marcus, an Irisli bishop, and afterwards visited the \ncient mon.'istery of St. Galhis, in Switzerhmd. Becoming known to l^ie fathers of the house, wlio appreciated his learning, they requested him to remain. Here he delivered theological lectures for many years, and among hia disciples are reckoned Notker, Balbulus, Ratpert," and Tutilo. He has written a commentary on tlie scriptures, and homilies on the leesons of the gospel. Moengal died there on the .'iOth of September ; the year of his death is not recorded. Patrick, who was an abbot, may be ranked among the number of those ecclesiastics, who, about the year 850, fled from the fury of the Danes, and r-tired to England. It is most probable that he had been a bishop before his retiring from Ireland, and is supposed to have been the Mael-Patrick styled bishop, anchorite, and abbot elect of Armagh. On his arrival in England, Patrick repaired to the abbey of Glastonbury, where he remained until his death. This circumstance gave rise to the glaring absurdity of some writers, who attempted to maintain that our apostle and patron died in England, and had been buried in (llaston- bury. The abbot Patrick has published a book of homilies, several religious tracts, and some letters to his countrymen. St. Anatolius, the patron of the chief collegiate church of Salins, in the diocese of Besaufon. Anatolius was a native of Ireland, and in the beginning of the tenth century repaired to the Continent. He was a bii^hop in his own country before his departure, but not attached to any Bee. Having travelled to Rome lie remained there some yeai-s, and at length his extensive knowledge of the scriptures and the fathers of the church, brought him into notice, and he was appoiiited lecturer in some of the principal schools. Desirous of leading a retired life, Anatolius left that city, and travelled into Fran^je. While he stayed in Burgundy, his labors in preaching were incessant ; and atlcr having traversed the greater part of those extensive districts, ho at length arrived at the city of Salins. At a small distance from the city and at the foot of a dreary moun- tain stood an oratory, dedicated to St. Syrnphorian, martyr ; thither he repaired, and kiu)wing it to bo the place which Providence !md nuirked out for him, as a retreat, .'.o prayed for a time in the oratory, a!id re- solved on fixing his abode in this lom'ly hermitage. Ho soon af^er closed his mortal career, but his sanctity had becji recognized by the faithful in Salins and tlio surrounding country. Several churches in the diocese of Besanjon have been dedical. d to hia name, and especi- ally one of the four churches of Salins, situated on the mountain, on the south Bide ' '■ which is the hermitage of St. Anatolius. Tlio body of the saint was in the eleventh century removed to tiie principal diurch of ilk 1 1 EJ ECCLESIASTICAL niBTORT OF IBELAND. 3iy Saliaa, and in the year 1229, NichoLia, bishop of that see, had it j[looed in a silver shrine, and deposited in tlie same clnirch. Saint Maimbodus, another eccleaiastic of Ireland, retired from hia native country early in the tenth century, and travelled many parts of the continent, preaching the gospel. His labors had been particularly directed to the northern districts of Italy and Gaul, and having at length arrived in Burgundy, he was hospitably entertained by a pious noble- man, who earnestly besought him to fix his abode in that territory. Thinking that his services were more necessary in other places, Maim- bodus resumed his journey, stopped at the small village of Donmipetra, eight miles distant from Besanyon. On his departure, anl at a small distance from the village, the holy man was met by robbers, who, on being disappointed in their expectation of money, wounded him so severely, that he died on the spot. The body of the «aint was buried by the faithful, in tlic church of St. Peter, in that village, but was afterwards translated with great solemnity to Montbelliard, by the order of Berenger, bishop of Besan(;on. The same prelate decreed that the memory of St. Maimbodua should be celebrated in the diocese of Besan- jon, on the 23d of January, the anniversary of his death. Marianus Scotus was a native of the north of Ireland, and in the year 1068, retired to (Jeritmny, bringing with him two comi)anion8, John and Candid;:s ; they remained for some time at llatisbon, and Bfterwaids became Benedictine monks, in St. Michael's jnonastery, near BaJiiberg. Marianus, who was as saintly as eloquent, and learned, ob- tained, Sjoon ai^er for himself and his companions, a grant of the church of St. Peter, near Ratihbon, which was conlinned by Henry IV., then king of (lernuiny. From the great number of Irishmen who had re- paired to it, this monastery becaiue so celebrated, and at the same time BO well supplied, that in the beginning of the twolrth century, another W.18 erected in the city of Katisbon, and which Avas dedicated to St. James. In this numiier (he ancient foundati'>ii of St. Poter became the parent of numberless religious retreats, 1- .Jilch piety and literatuiv bad been nourished for ages, in that, as well as in the adjacent territo- ries. This monastery was also famous for the number of worLj which the monks transo-ibed ; hero, also, Adrian IV., the pontiff who granted IriOand to the king of England, rt>ceived his education under unothor Marianus, who belonged to this establishment. The founder, Marianus Scotus continued to govern the monastery of St. Peter, nt llatisbon, until his Heath, which occurix-d itt 1088. These monasteries of Katisbon, with thmo of Wurtzburg, Nuremberg, Vienna, and numy others, continued in the hands of Irish ecclesiastics, until they wero dispoaaoasod by Scotchmen. AAer the death of the founder, I't r I: I !• i I 950 BCCLEBIASnCAL mSTOBY OP mELANT). M''i U I I i n several applicants from Scotland had been kindly received by tho Jiionks, and adtuitiod into their German monasteries. The number gra- dnally increased, so tiiav in the thirteenth century, when the term *' Scotia " ceased to be used as a name to denote Ireland, tlie Scotch availed themselves of the exj -ession (Scotorum~> contained in tho origi- nal grants, and thus became, in a shore time, the possessors of all those religious foundations. The Irish nioniid were, before the close of that century, compelled to withdraw from tliose establishments wl' h their countrymen had founded, and which they both governed and adorned for so long a period. Marianus Scotus, the chronographer, a native of Ireland, was born n tlie year 1018. Being anxious to retire from the world and to dev to himself to prayer and etudy, he entered the monastery of Clonard in 1052, and continued in that famous establishtnent four years. Ma'ri- anus, influenced by the example of many other Irishmen, formed tho design of retiring forever from his native country. In accordance with liis resolution, he arrived at Cologne in 1056, and toon after joined the Irish monks of St. Martin, in that city. Here he remained two year;*, and having been ordained priest at Wurtzburg, he removed to Pader- born, and tlience to Fulda. It is irtost probable that in this place he had collected and arranged the materials for his chronicle ; a work far surpassing anything of the kind which the middle ages have produced. In order to complete it, he became a recluse for ten years, and though confined to study and debarred from all human intercourse, still tho fame of his virtues and of his extraordinary learning procuroil its way beyond the silence of his cell, and among his admirers were many ot the most distinguished prelates of that country. At length this extraordinary man was brought from his favorite re- tirement, by order of the bishop of Mentz and the abbot of Fulda, and in 1069 he removed to Mentz, where ho was again shut up, as he him- self says, on the 10th of July, in that year. Here he remained until 1086, the year in which he died, and was b\iried in the church of Saint Martin, beyond the walls of that city. Our distinguished countryman, besides his chronicle, lias %vrittcn "The Harmony of tho Evangelists ;" Of the univei-sal account ; On tho great Tasclial Cycle ; Amendments to Dionysius ; A Breviary on St. Luke; Annotations on the Scriptures; Let (ers of Exhortation ; Com- mentaries on tho Psalms ; Annotations on all the epistles of St. Paul, together with a copy of said epistles, Irunscribod by himself, and which ifl extant in tho imperial library of Vienna. IIcHhs, the saintly and lonrncd abbot of St. Martin's, at Cologne, was an Irishman, and flourished in the eleventh century. About tlie yiiaj ECCLKSIA8TICAL UISTORY OF IBELAND. 351 year 1022, St. Ilelias had been at Rome, and was the first who had brought from that city the Roman note or church music to Colo-ne. Before lils journey to the Continent he spent some yeare in tlie monas- tery of Monaghan ; the rigid discipline of which he punctually ob- served and enforced. The value which this saint placed on the virtue of obedience was sucii, that when a member of the community at Co- logne Jiad, without asking permission, transcribed a leat copy of the missal, for the use of the mona.stery, Helias consigned it to the flames lest othei-s, imitating hh example, should presume to infringe on the an- cient discipline of the institute. Ilelias was also a learned man, and to tins lit;atf 'jra moJitatus aulam Mente fideque. AuBtrioo terras egitnbat anuna Tunc furor ; fortes Moravos, UohemoSi Pannones, bello simul impiicabat Inferus hostis. Ergo dum sanctum hospitio rooepit, Oppidum DUBtro Stockerau vucatum Patric ritu. A translation is unnecessary, as it would be repeating the incldonta already narrated. In this manner the church of Ireland sent forth her missionaries to distant countries ; meanwhile a good and cracious Providence suDulied ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0KY OF IRELAND. Bta her with an abundance of holy and learned pastoi-s, who, both in the cloister and in the troubled scenes of life, were leading myriads tc heaven, and shedding new lustre around the rross of tlie Redeemer Tlie church of Ireland shone with peculiar brilliancy during those ages, in which the sanctity of her missionaries fully illustrated the excellence of these institutions, which she had from the days of her glorious apostle so ardently cherished and sustained— which prepared those holy ecclesiastics to engage in the work of conversion, disregarding the ties of kindred and of countrj',— encountering perils of sea and land,— contemning every danger and every comfort, in order that they might announce the glad tidings of redemption, and erect the standard of the Christian dispensation in the land of the savage and the bar- barian, and of which it now becomes a pleasing duty to lay a record before the public. 33 8&i SCCLESIASTICAIi HI8T0BT OF IKEUlSD. CHAPTER XXXV. MONASTERIES OF IRELAND.— COUNTY OP ANTRIM. Ill AcHADHDTJBTHUiGH. In Magli-Li, a small territory near the river Bann. Saint Goar, the son of Colman the Big, was abbot of this an- cient monastery, iu the seventh century, and is still the patron saint of it. His festival is observed on the 22d of January. It is now un- known. Achadcinn, over which Saint Cathub, the son of Fergus was abbot. Archdall informs us that St; Patrick founded tliis abbey. The apostle of L'eland could not have erected all the monasteries which are attri- buted to him in the county of Antrim. In the first place he could not have found pereons qualified to govern them, unless he appointed his own disciples. The first care of an apostolic missionary would be to provide parochial churches, and pastors to administer the sacraments. The memory of St. Cathub is revered on the 6th of April. He died A.D. 555. ? ! is said to have lived 150 yeara. The site of this monas- tery is now unknown. Antrim. — Monastery of. St. Patrick met here a youth, called Mochoc, whom, after having instructed, he baptized, and gave him the tonsure, dedicating him to the ecclesiastical state ; he also gave him the book of the gospels, and some sacred utensils. Mochua governed tho church of Antrim, as bishop or abbot. This saint died ou the 23d of June, A.D. 497. Durdract is named in some calendars. Tlie time in which he lived is not known. A.D. 638. Cridan died at Indroim or Antrim. Saint Cronan, bishop of Antrim, whose name is mentioned in the letter of the Pope elect, John, and the Roman clergy, to Thomian, archbishop of Armagh, on the paschal computation, in the year 640. Tliis saint died on the 6th of January, 042. Saint Cuniineus, bishop of Acndrum, died on the 1st J July, C58. A.D. 070. Manov the abbot died. I til ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOBT OF ntELAND. 355 Ardmacnasca— Monasterj of. Saint Laisrean was the founder of this abbey, and governed it as abbot. Ho died on Uie 25th of October, about the year r.50, and ia patron of the place. Archdall sets down this monastery as belonging to the county Antrim, but it should be in the county Down. It was situated near Loghloedh, or Calf's Pool, near Downpatrick. Ballycastle, in the barony of Carye, and to the east of the castle is an ancient building, called the abbey, of which there is no fUrthor account. In a chapel of this abbey is the following inscription :— "In Dei Deiparseque virginis honorem, illustrissimus ac nobilissi- mus Eandolphus MacDonnell, Comes de Antrim, hoc saccellum fieri curavit A.D. 1612." " In honor of God and his virgin mother, the most illustrious and most noble Eandal MacDonnell, earl of Antrim, caused this chapel to be erected, A.D. 1612." Boithbolcain, a chrrch near Conner, founded by Saint Bolcain. Tliis saint was bishop of Rathmuighi, County Antrim. Bonaraargy. Tlie convent of Bonamargy was erected for Francis- cans of the third order, by the family of MacDonnell, in 1498. This family settled in the county of Antrim in the fifteenth century and, were afterwards raised to the Peerage. At the time of the suppression of religious houses, this monastery and its possessions were granted to the founder's family. Carrickfergus was founded by Hugh de Lacy, Earl of Ulster, A.D. 1231, for Franciscan friars. Neil MacCaine Oneill reformed this abbey to the strict observance in 1497. A.D. 1510. A general chapter of the order was held here. At the supi^ossion of abbeys by Henry VIII. and his daughter Queen Elizabeth, this monastery and its possessions were granted to Sir Edmund Fitzgerald, who assigned it lo Sir Arthur Chichester, ancestor to the Earl of Donegal. This nobleman, who was several times Lord Deputy of Ireland, erected a noble castle on tlie site of this monastery about tlie year 1610. Connor. The Bishop, MacNessa, died on the 3d of September, 506 or 513. Saint Mainend of Connor. His festival is observed on the 16th of September. A.D. 537. Lugadius, the bishop, died. Saint Dima Dubh (the black), bishop of Connor, died in 658. Ilis festival is observed on the 6th of January. A.D. 771. Anfceully, the abbot of Connor, died. 856 EOOLESUSTICAL HISTOKf OF IKELAND. AD. 8G5. Aidhecar, abbot of Connor and Lynnealla, died. He was a bidliop and a learned chponologer. A.D. Qi9. Flanagan MacAlchon, the abbot of, &c., died. A.D. 954. Malbrigid, son of Eedan and successor of St. MacNeaea, died. Dornnacli-Brain, Domnach-Coinre, Domnacli-Combuir, Domnach- Fothairbe, Domnadh-Libeir, Domnach-Moelain, Domnach-Mor, Dom- naeh-Riascaigh, Domnach-Rigliduin, Domnach-Faini-e, Glean-Indeachta, Gluaire, Imleac-Cluan, Kilglais, Lanavach, Eath-easpoc-Innic, Rath- sighthe, &c. According to Archdall, those establishments were founded by 8t, Patrick. Tlie names of many of them refer to founders different from our apostle. At Gluaire, St. Molassius is said to have been buried. Of this saint's name two or three eminent persons are known to have flourished in the sixth or" seventh century and at Imleac-Cluan, St. Colman is said to have been presiding or living. They cannot be sliewn to owe their origin to St. Patrick or to have been monasteries. Glenarm, from which the barony is called. A monastery for Fran- ciscan friars of the third ordgr, was built here in the year 1465 by Robert Bissett, a Scotchman. Tliere are still remains of the abbey on the bay of Glenarm. The monastery and lands belonging to it were granted to Alexander MacDonnell, ancestor to the Earls of Antrim. Good or Wood-born, near Carrickfergug. A priory, dedicpted to the Holy CrosSj was founded here for White Canons, supposed to be the same as Druin la Croix, and which was a daughter to the abbey of Drieburgh in Scotland. Tlie Bissets, a powerful fomily of Scotland, who were obliged to fly, being principally concerned in the murder of thp earl of Athol in the year 1242, are supposed to have founded this monastery in expiation of their crime. King Henry the Third assigned them lands in that part of the country. Gillerath MacCouragh, the last abbot, resigned into the hands of tho commissioners, on the 1st of March, 1542, and in the 34th year of lung Henry VHI., the property of this abbey. The abbot was then seized of a certain parcel of land around the monastery, and of the rectory of Entroia, and the tithes of sixteen town- lands belonging to the rectory of Killaboy, in the Rents, the rectories of Cnolille and Cormony, in the same country, and the tithes of two town- lands ijj Island Magee, viz. Ballypor magna and Baliypor parva. Kells or Diseart Kellach, so called because an anchoret Kellach diod there about the year 828. A priory of regular canons was erected on the site of this ancient cell, under the invocation of the Blessed Virgin, before the arrival of the English by O'Briun Carrog. It is foiir miles .i.ji KOCLESIASTICAL HISTOBT OT IBKLAND. 857 north of Antrim, and close to Connor. Tlie last prior, Murtagh Mac- Annullowe or MacMiller, surrendered it on the l^t of February, 1542, being then in possession of the temporalities aa well as the spirituals of eight townlands circumjacent to the priory, of five rectories, and the tithes of Templemotragh, near Glenann, and of Kildoran, in Island Magee. Killeaspuicbolcain, in the Reuts, called the church of the bishop Olcan. *^ Lambeg,nearLisburn. MacDonnel built a small monastery here for Franciscan friars, of the third order, in the fifteenth century. Linnella, an ancient abbey. The abbot Anfceally, who was also the abbot of Connor, died A.D. 771. A.D. 861, Aidhecar, abbot, a bishop, and a celebrated chronologer Massarene, from, which the barony takes its name. A small mo- nastery was founded in the fifteenth century for Franciscans of the third order, by O'Neil. On the 20th of November, 1621,' it was granted to Sir A. Chichester, baron of Belfast. Muckaraorc, two miles from Antrim. In the year 550 a noble mo- nastery was built by Colman-elo, otherwise called Colnraban, son of Boegnai, under the invocation of the Blessed Virgin Mary. St. C&l- man was a native of Meath, and spent many years of his life in the diocese of Connor. Having returned to his own country, h- ^ .1 King Aidus, son of Anmirech, and several others, assemblec- whom .vere saints Columkille and Cannech. This event m been after the synod of Drnmceat, in the year 690, when Et '. visited his monastery of Durrow: Tt was proposed to the as^en Columbkille, that a spot of ground should be granted to their relai Colinan, where he might establish a monastery. Aidus Flann cr Slani pnnce of Meath, and afterwards' king of Ireland, who was present,.said! that there was a large forest called " Fidhela, in the district of Feroall in the southern part of his principality, where he might settle, if ho pleased." Colman, in accepting of the ofier, said: "Tliere shall be my resurrection, and henceforth I shall be named from that place " lie was thence surna.ned "Elo;" and to the monastery which he founded there, and which became very famous, was given the name of Land-elo, now Linaliy, in the King's County. Colnian-o1 ,, while ctill a pnest, visited St. Columbkille, .t lly, in the year 597, a little prior to that saint's death. Afterwards Colman-elo became a bishop, but the date of Ins consecrati-n is not known. St. Colman-glo has enjoyed a great reputation, and died on the 26th of September, and in the fifty sixth year of Jiis age, A.D. 610. il; fi 'i 'ii ill I 868 B0CLE8IA8TIOAL HISTORY OP mKULND. -A .D. 949, Flanagan MacAlchoHj comorb or successor of Colman- elo, j*nd of Mac Nessy, died. A.D. 954, Maelbrigid, son of Redan, abbot of Connor and Mucka- more, died. Thib monastery, on its new foundation, iiras endowed after the English invasion by "William Maitland, Stephen de Sandall and Gilbert de Croic. Bryan Doyomahallon was the last abbot, and surrendered it to the king, being then seized of eight townlands adjacent to the monastery. On the 3d of December, 1564, and the 7th of Queen Elizabeth, a return was made, that the superior and all his monks were dead. This religious house was granted to the family of Langfoi'd, and Sir Roger Langford was in possession of it in the year 1639. Rachlin, an island in the great Atlantic ocean, two miles north of Fuirhead po'nt, on the coast of Antrim. The anns^ls of Ulster and Ti- gernach assign the ibundation oi this abbey *o Segenius, abbot of Ily, and to whom it is also attributed by the Four Masters. The abbot Se- genius was much displeased with St, Cummian, for adopting the paschal computation of the Roman see. lie governed the ab'^cy of Ily twenty-nine yeai-s, and died A.D. 652. * A.D. 734, St. Flann, bishop, died. A.D. 738, St. Cumineus Hua Kieran, abbot, died. A.D. 743, Cobtach, the abbot, died. A.D. 764, Murgaile MacNinned, the abbot, died on the 29th of September. A.D. 768, St. Aid, the son of Corbreus, died. A.D, 790. A fleet of Danish pirates ravaged this island, with fire and 3word ; the shrines and holy altars perislied in the general de- struction. This was the first descent of the barbarians on the coast of Irela«d. A.D. 794, the blessed Feradach, abbot, died. A.D. 848, the blessed Tua'.lial, the abbot of Rachlin and Durrow, died. A.D. 973, Saint Feradach, the abbot of Rachlin was crowned with martyrdom by the Danes. Rathaige is reckoned by Archdall among the monasteries of Antrim, and he mentions a St. Foilan, as abbot or bishop. Tiiere was a St. Foilan, brother of St. Furseus, wlio accompanied him on his mission to Brabant. Foillan, his brotliei Ultan, and thre disciples wee put to deatli in that country by robbers. Ratheaspuic-innic was, according to Archdall, founded by St. Patrick, who placed this bisliop Vinnoc here. Tliere is no authority to BC0LE8U8TICAL mSTOKY OF IBELAND. Q^r ^tabli8l; the assertion. Vinnoc seems to be no other thai. Finnian, who hved in die sixth century, bnt who is Pot to be .ontbunded with the great St. Finian of Clonard. Tins Finniau was a native of Ulster : «nd bt. Columba was placed under a bishoo Finian, in Maghbile -'n the county of Down. Finan and Vinan are the same in Irish, ind are likewise dmnnutives of Fin or Vin. Vinan or Vinoc have been indifl ferently used as appellatives, in the same manner as Coeman, Coemoc, Aedan, Aedoc. Finian was bom not far from Ratheaspuic-innic, in this county. ' Rathmoane, according to Archdall, was founded by St. Patrick where Erclacius, a disciple of his, precided. ' Rathmnighe, where St. Olcan ^ Eolcan pres^'ded as the first bishop. Archdall places St. Brngacius, surnamed the Hospitable, Jis the suc- cessor of Olcan. There was a bishop Brugacius consecrated by St latru^k at a place called Rath-Mugeavnaich, which seems to be con' foundea "ith Rathmuighe. The feast of St. Brugacius is observed on the 1st 0. November. The abbey of R..>xmuighe was destroyed by Hre, m 61... Tlie ecclesiastical structures in the early days of the Irish church were constructed of oak and covered with reeds. ^ A.D. 725, St. Adamnan, bishop and abbot of Rathmuighe died ; he ' IS different from the biographer of St. Columkille. A.D. ^^79, St. Kieran, abbot of Rathmuighe, died on the 8th of • 'ctober. The abbey was plundered and destroyed in 831; was gain simi- larly treated in the year 969. Rathmurbuilg, in Dalaradia. Archdall mentions St. Domangarl, from whom Sheve Donard is called, as bishop of this place, but it seems It IS a mistake. Slieve Donard is situated in the county of Down and tms samt is said to have erected a great monastery at the foot of this T^'olT'. 11'" l"''*"'^ '' ''"''^ '•^'''"'■"- "'^^ *«^^'^'^1 ^'«« observed on the 24th of March, m two churches at Slieve Donard. Tlie ancient Dalaradia comprehended the south and south-esstem parf« of the county of Antrim, and the greatest portion, if not all, of the county of Down ; i„ extended from Nevry to the mountain " Mis » in the barony of Antrim. Dalrieda comprehended the north, north-west, and part of the south of Antrim. It has also been called Reuta Rath-sithe, according to Archdall, built by St. Patrick, now un- kiiown. Tulach, according to the same authority, founded by the national Patrick ^'^^""^ *^'^'"'' "" ^'"''''^' ^*' ^°'''^™''^' appointed by St. 800 ECCLESIASTICAL HI3T0BT OF XHELAND. CHAPTER XXXVI. OOUNTY OF ARMAGH. -? i'- Saint Patrick, the great apostle of Ireland, founded tlie abbey of Armagh, in the year 457, for canons of the order of St. Augnsitin, and dedicated it to the apostles SS. Peter and Paul. It continned, for many ages, one of the most celebrated ecclesiastical foundations in tlie world. Saint Duach or Dubtach, the abbot, succeeded Cormac in the see of Armagh, A.D. 407, and died in the year 513. He i)resided over the abbey thirteen years, in a laudable manner, and was succeeded by one of the same name and family. A.D. 535, TMild or Helias, the abbot of Armagh, died. Another St. Duach succeeded, who died A.D. 548, A.D. 578, St. Fethlin, fiumamcd tlio "White, abl)ot of Armagh, died. A.D. 59s, Saint Eochad, abbot of Armagh, and bishop of that see, died. A.D. filO, Sa' t Penach, abbot and bishop of Armagh, died. A.D. 623, Saint MacLasrc succeeded as abbot, and died. Was also bishop of the see. A.D. fi57, Comyn, the abbot, died. Tliomian was abbot and bishop. Wrote to Homo in order to have the Paschal controversy decided ; died A.D. fiill, and on the lOth of Ja- nuary. All accidental fire destroyed the town of Arnlagh in CTO. Another happened in 087. A.D. 703, (\>ngussn, the abbot, died. A.D. 715, Flan or Florence, abbot and bishop of Armagh, died on the 24th of April. Ferdacrioch, the «on of Suibhne, was chosen abbot ; he died in tlio year 7(;8. TIio town of Armagh wa.s totally consumed by lightning on tlie 2(1 of August, 778. A.D. 701, CuUuniscns, abbot of Armagh, tho son of Conasiic, died. U:, R • ECCI-ESIA.8TICAL HI8T0EY OF IBELAND. 301 A.D. 793, Dnbdalethe, the son of Senach, abbot of, &c., died A.D. 794, Arectach Hua Foelain, abbot, &c., died. A.D. 795, Fendaloech, son of Moenacli, the abbot, died. St Fothad a most learned lecturer and writer, of Armagh, and celebrated for his . knowledge of the canons, flourished at this time. Fothad, along with Conmach, the archbishop of Armagh, accompanied Aidus Y. on his ex- pedition agamst the people of Leinster. Having arrived at the frontiers ot Lems erand Meath, the clergy complained of being forced to per- form military service, and applied to the king for an exemption. ITie sovereign rephed, that he would agree to the decision of Fothad, who accordingly drew up a statement, in which he maintained that the clergy ought not to be charged with a service so unbecoming their holy profession. The judgment of Fothad produced the desired effect A.D. 805, Gormgal, the abbot of Armagh died. » A.D. 806, Conmac, the abbot, died suddenly. oy.:^^' !T-\'^'''^T ^'^^^^''••'"'*"' '•^^^'er of divinity, a leai-ned scribe, abbot and bishop of Armagh, died on the 16th of July Toctech Ilua Tigernach, the abbot, died the same year. A.D. 812 Nuad, son of Sagone, anchorite of Loch Vamba, abbot and bishop of .irmagh, died on tlie 19th of February. ^_^ A.D. 822, Flangns MacLoinglo or Loingseach, abbot of Armagh, A.D. 826, Eogan, who succcodod as abbot, died .•n,-^!"!,'-'T-Tcn ^^'' '"'^ '''' '"'"'^'^ ' ^"^ ^''"''^'''^y '^^^ot of Da- rmia ; died m 829. A.D. 832, Artrigius, the abbot of Armagh, died. Farnnnan became his successor ,„ the ab],acy. In that year the Danes plundered Armagh throe tunes ,„ one month ; they carried away the relics and all the other ^oasures and obliged the abbot to seek an asylum in Munster. A.U. a.U, Logan the abbot died. Farannan, the abbot of Armagh, happening to be at Kildare with .18 at ending c orgy, Fothlim, the son of Crimthan, violently entered tl.a abbey, and seizing „„ Farannan, oarriod him and his clergy into captivity Tlie Danes buniod Armagh and all its sacred Y^dilices to tlio cii ft '"n^'" "'"r '"'•""""" ^'"« -^'^ ^"1--- "^ ^^^^-1!:: I ooks, to tho.r ships, at I.nnerick. Diormit, called fho wisest of all the doctors ,n Kumpc, was oh.^on to s,.<..ood him. The crptive abbot Fa- rannan, aa well as Inn successor, died A.D. 8.V> Amlave, at the head of his Danes, entered' Armagh, pl„„dored th. town and reduced it fn nul.,«- „„,j ,i .. , . ' ^^^ i"j - ' "•'•' ^tnrpcriwvij wounded ahd inuBwcrod above a thousand of the unarmed clergy and people. 362 ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0RT OF IKEIAND. A.D. 879, the abbot Anmire died. A.D. 883, Moe?cova succeeded — died. Again, in 890, the Danes of Dublin, nnder Ghmiarm, despoiled Armagh, partly destroying the great chnrch, and leveiiing other edifices, and carrying away captive seven hundred and ten of the inhabitants. A.D. 896, the abbot Cassach died. A.D. 920, the abbot St, Maelbrigid died, A.D. 986, Moyle Patrick, abbot only five months, and one of the eages of Ireland, died. The abbot Muredach was deposed in 955, and Dubdaleth the Second chosen in his place. In 989, the people of Uriel pillaged the town, and burned the houses, church and steeple. Armagh became at this time the most melancholy spectacle in the kingdom. In 995, the town, churches, and towers having been rebuilt, were destroyed by lightning. King Bryan Borombh remained a week in Armagh, and on his departure, A.D. 1004, left a collar of gold, weighing twenty ounces, as an alniH, on the great altar of the church. Bryan was interred in the church of Armagh, on the north side, in a stone coffin, having lost his life at the battle of ("lontarf. Malachy, the monarch of Ireland, was interred at Armagh, in the yenr 1022, with great funeral solemnity. A.D. 1000, Cumuscah O'Korcdan siicceeded Dubdaleth the Third in the abbacy. Again in 1092, ihe churches, with the citadel, wore burned on the 29th of August. Another fire occurred in the following year, A.D, 1100, Imar, the preceptor of St, Malachy, archbishop of Ar- magh, was abbot. In 1112, the citadel, with the churches, two streets in Trian-Massain, and a third in Trinn-mor, were destroyed by fire. The town was formerly divided into foiir parts; fii-st, Hath-Patrick, i.e. the citadel, Trian-mor, Trian-Ifas-ain, Trian-Saxon, i.f. the third por- tion of the Saxons, This part was allotted to the English students. In 1116, the abbey was consumed by fire. Imar, the abbot, havinfj under- taken a i)ilgrimage to IJome, died there in ll.'U. Iinar introduced tho canons regular of St. Augnstin, about 1120, A.D. 1137, Gilda Macabeus succeeded, as abbot. In this year the town was destroyed by lightning. In 1178, Sir John de Courcey, an Knglish adventurer, plundered Armagh, and Thomas O'Corcoran, arch- deacon of the abbey, wiw barbariui«ily mi'.rdered. Again, de Courcey plundered Armagh in 1189, and repented his visit in 1199, ravaged the town, and set on fire every church and house therein. A.D. 1203, Moelisa O'Dorigh, of Tyrcoimell, the abbot, died, Hugh de Lncov, tlie vdunffer, for ten days and nijrhtfi nliindorod tho town and abbey, f(tr which he soon felt the vengeance of the saints of BC50LE8USTICAL HISTOBT OF IRELAND. 3(53 Ireland; and agoiu tl.is English harpy, on the vigil of St Bridget, plundered the town, A.D. 1208. Tkis mode of ref^i^ tk. Zl granted to Ja.nes Bellen, part of the possessions of this abbey, because the abbot and convent being mere Irish, spent their rents and profits for he support and entertainment of the natives of Ireland ; bat those lands were restored when an inquisition found that the abbot and the monks were good and faithful subjects. A.D. 1397, the abbot Nicholas O'Luchecan died A.i>. 1539, Patrick O'Hagan was abbot. James O'Donnelly was the last abbot. He surrendered, or was forced to surrender i„ the year 1557, the ti«t year of Elizabeth's reign. It was then seized of the site thereof, on which was built a large church, some stone chambers, a dormitory with cella™, a hall, sto^ house, a great court, a cemetery, garden and orchard Sir Sbv'p '^«" u '" '? """' "^^^^^-^^ were granted in May, 1612, to Si Toby Canlheld, at the rent of five pounds Irish. Tims perished he celebrate establishment of St. Patrick's, the glory and tre p^ of Ireland, the seat of literature and genius, and of sanctity, during eleven centunes, until English heretics spread desolation over the land Culdees, or secular Canons, llie officiating clergy of the cathedral of A magh were so called. They sung in the church, lived in com- munity, had a superior called prior, who acted a. precentor, and who .as elected by themselves, but was confirmed by the archbishop. Danes o Dublin, he is said to have spared the churches and L Cul- luL r"^ ""' ?"^''f "^ '" ''•" "•■"^'' ''""'"''y- T'>ere were Culdees a «o at Clones ; and in the island of Devenish (county of Fermanagh) there was another institution of this sort. Although the Irish Culdees were generally considered clergymen, yet the name seems to hav" been sometimes given to communities comprising also some pious un- married laymen inasmuch as thoy lived together. As to mariL on " ^.ere is not the least vestige of any such ever having been in IrelTnd' Culdee IS a corruption of Keledei, being so written in the Latin ; it means the servant or companion of God ;" ceile, in Irish, U servant and Dhia or Dhe, in the same language, signifying God. ' A.D. 982, the prior Miiredach, son of Muregan, died. A.D. 1001, the prior Trotier diod. A.D. 1052, (Jiolla Patrick, son o' Domnald, prior, died. A.D. 1063, the prior Madagan Una Kelechain, died .r,ir.^ 'U'~\ 7" '"'"' """""* '''''"'"^ ^^"" *^«Jechain, died. Py .n mquisition taken m U.e thirty-third year of Uenry YIU, the prior i f I I- su KOCLESIASTICAL niSTORT 07 IBKLAITD. il! f ■ I sit was then seized of seven townlancls in the county, viz., Cannadisse, Lieleagh, Ennogsegnrt, Aghaviliie, Lesronnowe, Killenure, and Magho- carrell. By another inquisition taken in March, 1625, it appeared that the prior, with his brethren, li».d totally forsaken their ostablifchment, and were all dead twenty-five years before the holding of the inq«e»t. That Sir Toby Caulfield, the ancestor of Lord Charlemont, had, abont th« year 1620, received as seneschal to Henry, then the parliamentary bishop of Armagh, the rents of tlie said townlands, and that John Symons, clerk, had, from the feast of All Saints, 1623, to the taking of tlie said inqui- sition, received the profits of the eaid townlands, and of the tenements in the town of Armagh. Temple Brigid. — ^Tlie church of Bridget, according to Archdall, is eaid to have been founded by St. Patrick ; not likely, as Bridget wa« bom in the year 453, and had not taken the veil until two years after the death of St. Patrick. Temple Fearta. Chtirch of the Miracles. — Tliis, it seems, was the nunnery of Saint Lupita, supposed to have been the eldest sister of St. Patrick. In the beginning of the seventeenth century her body is said to have been found under the rubbish, in a standing posture ; two crosses were also discovered before and behind the body. In January, 1618, King James granted the monasteries of Temple Feartagh and Temple Brigid to Francis Anncsley, Esq. Dominican Friary. — Porter, in his annals, assures us, that a house of this onler existed at Armagli. Tlie Primate Scanlan, who wa*a Do- minican, would not, it is likely, have founded a monastery for Friars minors, as charity well regulated would dictate the propriety of con- sulting for the extension of his own fraternity. Franciscan Friary of Armagh was founded by the Primate Scanlan, in the year 1263, and became reformed in the year 1518, by the Ob- servants. A.D. 1303, Michael, the lecturer of divinity, was elected arch- bishop of Arnuigh. In J 580, Walter MiicCuard was guardian; and in 1683, Solomon MacConny performed tiie duties of tiiat office, in whoso time the de- struction of the abbey was completed. Clonfeaklo. — Saint Lugaid, tlie s^n of Failchan, was abbot of Cluaen- fiacnil, i.t'. Church of the Tooth, so called because a tooth of St. Patrick was preserved there. Saint Lugaid was a very old man in the year 680. Kilmore.— Saint Mocthens is said to have founded Kilmore, in the" tAM»!«-^H*- ^C TTk-mA^ffekjifK 1 T iia vtoivtn aliitll rvnm^t* 111 l.f~t1lfM tri J :t' •! y vi ±x MtT*tiitr'ttii ...-..-* ^...^ Killslere or Killare, according to Wadding, was the principal mo- BOCLESIASTICAL HISTORT OF IBELAim. fjff^ SoZ'oZ"V' the Franciscans of the third order, in Ireland. lhoma« Oiney ...as made perpetual commissary of it in the year Killslieve-Cuilin, in which Darerca. who has been called a sister of bt. ratnck, 18 said to havp liVnH ti.j v retreate fnr l,.i '' '' ^^®'"'' ^^8 one of the pious retreats lor holy v:rgms and widows prior to those of St Brimd dI Samt Conclienna, who was eitUer abbess or a member of KilUie™ died, according to the four Mastcts in au u JiHUieve, 0.1 the 13th of March ' '''"' '"""""^ ""^ '"""i .er of .ho Order waa ho.d .he^M^ u" ^tntu: " ^"™'" '^"^ 366 ECXn,ESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TBELASTk CHAPTER XXXVTL COUNTY OF CARLOW. AcuAi>-FmoLA88. This abbey was f'tuated near Leighlln, on the east of the river Barrow, in the district of Idrone ; tlie precise time of its erection is not known. St. Fintan of Clonenagh may have been the founder. Tliis abbey was one of note in the year 864, as the Danes then pillaged it. St. Aidus was abbot of this monastery. The festival of this saint is observed on the 11th of April. St. Fintan, having been at Achad-Finglass, advised a bishop Brandubh, who applied for admis- sion into the monastery of Clonenagh, to remain where he was, as the rule was less severe. Athaddy. About the year 1151, an abbey was founded at this place, for nuns of the order of St. Augustin, by Dermod, son of Mur- chad, king of Leinster. He appointed it to be a cell to the nunnery of St. Mary de Ilogges, in the city of Dublin. Ballymoon. About the year 1300, a preceptory was built here by the knights Templars, which they did not long enjoy. Killarge. In the reign of king John, Gilbert de Borard founded a preceptory in this place under the invocation of St. John the Baptist for knights Templars, ))ut on the extinction of that order it was granted to the knights o+'St. John of Jerusalem. In the year 1308, the king Edward II., having received the com- mands of the Pope, caused all the knights Tomplara in Great Britain and Ireland to be made prisoners and their property to be sequestered. Being a formidable body of men, it was necessary that much caution should be observed in the management of this aflair. There was a writ directed to John Wogan, Lord Justice of Ireland, informing him of the proceedings adopted in England for the apprehen- sion of the Templars and seizure of their goods, and commanding him to proceed in a similar manner against .iiose in Ireland; but the time and place fi?r the assembling of the sheritls and their followers was left to the discretion of the said lord justice and the treasurer of the exchequer EOCLESUSTICAI, HI8T0BT OF IBELAND. 357 It was however ordered, that the writ should be executed before the ^ ZXd P'-o'^eedings against the members of the order In pursuance of those commands the establishments of Killarge and Ballymoon were suppressed. The instructions given to the English « were, that they should arrest all the Templai. within their dis- .icts, to seue all their lands, cattle and goods and to cause an inven- tory of the same to bo made in presence of the warden of the place, whether Templar or not, and of respectable pei.ons in the neighbor! hood; to place smd goods and chattels in safe keeping; to keep the lemplars >n safe custody in some convenient place, without subjecting them pnson or to irons, and to preserve the charge of the goods anS chapels t,l they received instructions as to their final disposal The m.htary order of the Ten.plars was instituted about the year 1113. Some noblemen, who had followed Godfrey de Bouillon to the holy wars agamst the Turks, were the founders of this military inetitute Ihey were nine in nu.nber, and the principals were Hugh de Paganis and Godfrey de Sacro Amoro. They associated for the purpose of pre- serving the holy places and defending the pilgrims fron. the outrages of the lurks, w.,le on their way to the Holy Land. To the three vo?vs of winch tlK^y made profession before the patriarch of Jerusalem, they added a fourth-tlmt of perpetual warfare with the Turks They ob tamed the name of Templai-s, because, at the desire of Baldwin the Second, kmg of Jerusalem, they inhabited a house that was adjacent to the temple of Solomon. They afterwards, in the year 1128, became a rol.gious order, were confirmed as such by Pope Ilonorius II., and St Bernard compiled a rule whicli they were to observe The order of knights Ten.pla,^ being accused of various crimes, Pope Clement V. called a council at Vienna, with a view, as he hnnselt declared, of ascertaining the truth of those allegations. This council was held in the year 1311, and is tl:e fifteenth cBcumenical one of the Church. The second reason was to deliberate on the rescue or relief of the Holy Land; and tlie third motive was to provide for the main- tenance of morals and discipline. The decree of extinction, which was only however provisional, not definitive, mxs passed on the sixth of the nones of May, A.D. 1312. It appears they were justly condemned, though the contrary is as- serted. Ihe ponfiflP, Clen.ent V., after due exa.nination, which he insti- tuted, wrote to Philip the Fair of France, that the crimes of the Te.n- plars were acknowledged by seventy-four member of their ho.lv that they had freely and without any coercion whatever affirmed on^ath the truth of their guilt, and among other things confessed, that it waa 868 EOCLESIASTICAL HI8T0BT OF UOLLASV, ( r f I i nsnal in the admission of members to abjure the Redeemer and spit npon the Gross, tliat they committed horrible and disgusting crimes, which he could not mention. It is moreover absurd to suppose that all the cai'dinals, bishops, inquisitors, officials, magistrates and others, could be so unmindful of their obligations and of public justice, as to be influ- enced in their judgment, in order to gratify the cupidity or the resent- ment of Philip the Fair of France. Whether guilty or not, as the order became suspected, it became useless, as no honest or well-disposed per- son would embrace its institute. Queen Elizabeth granted the commandery of Killarge to Mary, wife of Gerald Aylmer, on the 12th of Deccimber, 1590. Killfortkern, a noble monastery in the territory of Idrone, said to have been founded by St. Fortkern. There was another saint of thia name at Trim. Old Leighlin. Saint Gobhan founded this abbey for canons of St. Augustine, in the year 616. In the year 632, St. Gobhan surrendered his abbey to St. Laserian, the son of Cairel and Blitha. Laserian is said to have had fifteen hundred monks un<: '• his jurisdiction. Ltiserian was made bishop of TiCighlin. ITe died in the year 638, and on the 18th of April. A.D. 639. Delasse MaoWinge, the abbot, died. A.D. 725. Saint Manchcn, bishop of Leighlin, died. A.D. 767. Ernagh MacEliyn, the abbot, died. A.D. 863. Manchen, the abbot, died. A.D. 876. Dungall, the abbot, died. In the year 916 Leighlin waa plundered. Saint Stephen's priory, founded by Burchard, a Norwegian captain, about the year 1060. The founder was buried in the choir of the ca- thedral. Felix was prior. Philip was prior after him, in the year 1304-. In the following year, one John was prior. Tliis priory was dissolved in the year 1432, by authority of Pope Eugene IV., and the lands belong- ing to it were annexed to the deanery of Leighlin. Leighlin Bridge, two miles distant from Old Leighlin. About the end of the reign of king Henry the Third, th.% convent was founded for Carmelites by one of the Carews. Edward the Third and Richard the Second were among its most liberal benefactors. In the thirfy-fifth year of Henry VIII., thv convent of Leigldin- bridge was annexed to the Crown, and was afterwards converted into a fort, in which a regular garrison had been stationed. Saint Mullins, a smali village ou the river Barrow. St. Moling, who EOCLESIAOnOAL HISTOBT OF IKELANP. 86» was bom In Ily-Kinsellaeli, founded this abbey. He became bishop ot Ferns, and died on the 17th of June, 697. This abbey was plundered in 951, and waa, in 1138, destroyed by iSre. TuUach, a village in the barony of Eavilly, on the river Slaney. In tlie sixth year of the reign of king Edward II., Simon Lombard and Hugh Tallon granted to the Eremites of St. Augustin, a house and three acres of land in *,he village of St. John, near this place, Tullagh. John de Kell was prior in 1331, and in that year king Edward IH. confirmed their grant. Tullagh was a strong place in the time of Crom- well, who took it with great slaughter of the Irish. Queen Elizabeth granted this monastery in 1557 to Thomas, earl of Ormond. 24 ■'*! 370 EOCLESIASTIOAL HISTOBT OF IBELAin>. CHAPTER XXXVm. COUNTY OF OAVAN. BALLTLiNcn. Tliere was an hospital here, but neither history nor tradition informs us who was the founder. It shared the fate of other pious foundations. King James granted a lease of it for 21 years to Sir Edward Moore at the yearly rent of three pence. A reversion of the same, together with the hospitals of Dromlom.nan and Motmterconnaght with other lauds, was granted to him for 6 years from the 23d of April, 1605. Cavan monastery of the Virgin Mary was founded in the year 1300, by Giolla Euadh O'Eeilly, dynast of BrefFny, for friars of the Domini- can order. The same sept of the O'Keillys, about the year 1393, expelled the Dominicans and gave the house to the conventual Franciscans. It seems that such violence was not peculiar to Ireland. The friars of the celebrated Dominican convent of St. Maik, at Florence, were similarly expelled, and their house given n the Eremites of St. Augustin without the knowledge or consent of the Holy See. Tliis monastery, in 1468, was birned, as well as the mansion of O'Reilly, by the English under the lord deputy John Tiptoft, earl of Worcester. Tlie friars of the strict observance reformed this monastery before the year 1499. Provincial chapters of the order were held in the years 1521, 1539 and 1556. John, son of Cathal O'Bsj'lly, reformed this home in 1602. Under James the First, assizes were lieid ia tliis ab^^y. Tlie gallant Owen Roe O'Neill, commander of the Irish confederate army, dying of poison through his boots at Cloughouter, in this county, Nov. 16, 1649, was buried in this abbey. Domnachmore, in Maghlugh.at, is now unknown. Dromlomman, an hospital, leased to Sir Edward Moore at 28. 6d. by K\ncr .Tames, in 1605. _ -^ -- . , Drumlahan, in the barony of Belturbet. There was a celebrated KOCLESIASTICAL HIBTOBT OF nSELAM). g^J , monastery here, which was dedicated to tlie Virgin Mary. If waa founded before the year 550, in which St. Maidoc of Ferns was born and who was a native of Breffny. ' Dubensius Ilua Forchelluigh was abbot of this abbey, and died in the 3'ear 1025. TT ^l *]^7.^'n' ^T f ^"''" ^^^'^^^t^, this monastery was granted to Hugh 0'Re.lly of the Breffny and her.d of his sept for the term of twenty-one yea.^ at the rent of £8 14s. 8d. Irish. An inquisition being taken in the 27th year of the virgin ^ueen, Hugh O'Reilly was in arrear eleven years and a half. Killachad, an abbey founded for ce^ions of St. Augustine. A.D. 800, the monastery was destroyed by fire. Saint Tigernach, who is supposed to be the founder, died on the 4th of November, 805. See Doire-nielle, County Leitrim. A..D. 826, the abbot Abner died. A.D^843, Nuad, son of Segen, one of the religious, was put to death by the Danes of Dublin, who plundered this abbey. A.D. Q19, the abbot Cellach, son of Congal, died _ In the year 937, the abbey was again plundered by the Danes, and in two yeai^ after by Ceallachan, king of Cashell, accompanied by the Danes; and again after the departure of King Henry II., the En..Ush plundered this abbey, and many other religious houses. * Lough-outer, in the barony of Loughtee.-About Christmas, in tho year 1237 or 1249, Clarus M'Moylin O'Maoilchonry, archdeacon of El- phm, brought white canons from Trinity Island in Lough-kee, county of Roscommon, to Lough-outer in the Breff.y, having obtained a grant of land from Cathal O'Reilly. Tlie abbey waa dedicated to the Holy Tnmty. -^ Q'^en Elizabeth, on the 1st of February, 1570, granted the abbey with all ite possessions, to Hugh O'Reilly, head of his sept, for the term of twenty-one ye.rs, at the rent of forty-five shillings and eight pence, Irish money ; he was afterwards in arrear eleven and a half years Mounter-connaght, in the barony of Castlereghen ; an h,«pital founded here,-granted to Sir Edward Moore, at the rent of fifteen pence. I \' Btk BOCLESUSTICAI. HISTORY OF IRELAIO). CIIAITER XXXIX. COUNTY OF CLARE. ? t ; Beaoh, in the barony of Bnrren. A monastery for the third order of Franciscans was founded he.e. Tlie abbey and the townland of Abbey Beghan are mentioned in tlie records. Cean-indis. — See life of Saint Ita (Cluain-creadhuil, county of Limerick.) Clare, on the river Fergns, where it falls into the river Shannon, in the barony of Islands. An abbey was founded near this tovrn, under t^e invocation of SS. Peter and Paul, for canons of St. Augustine, by Donald O'Brien, king of Limerick, the celebrated builder of chnrclics and sanctuaries. He appointed Donatus abbot, and riclil)^ endowed the abbey. The charter of the al)bcy was dated at Limerick, in 1195, and was witnessed by the archbishop of Cashell, the bishops of Killaloo, Kilfenora, and Limerick. In 1543, King Henry VIII. granted the abbey to Donagli O'Bryan, baron of Ibracban, together with a moiety of the rectiriesof Kilchriest, Kilmoyle, Kilmacdevan, Kilberverragli, Ballinregdan, Ballyloglieran, and Ballylegford. The abbey was granted in fee to Donough, earl of Thomond, on the 19th of January, 1020, and a new grant was made on the Ist of September, 1601, to Henry, carl of Tliomond. Corcumroc or Do Petra fertili, in the baron of Hurrin. It was thrice plundered by lioderick O'Connor and Dcrmot O'Brien, in the year 1088. A.D. 1194, Donald, king of Limerick, founded a sjdendid monastery here, for Cistercian monks. Others say, that his son Carbrac was tho founder, in 1200. Tais abbey " of tho fruitful rock," was a daugliter of that of Suire. The cell of Kilwhanny wiw aruiexed to tliis iiouse. A.D. 1418, tho abbot John was made bishop of Kilmacduach. Tliis abtK'y, with eleven quarters of land in Corcnmree and Olan- inanagh, was granted to Sir Richard Harding. EOCLESUSTIOAl, inSTORT OF IKELAWD. 873 Ennis, on the river Fergus, in the barony of Iskncla. Donagh Car- brae O'Brien built a very noble and beautiful monastery for conventual Franciscans, in this place, A.D. 1240. Dorniod and Mathew O'Bryan, princes of Thoinond, had been muniticent benefactoi-s to this abbey, which continued for centuries the usual cemetery of theTliomond family. This friary received the reform of the strict observance. In a rental of the crown, A.D. 1577, in tlie office of the auditor general, the cro\Hrn was then in possession of the site of this monastery, a mill on the river Fergus, an eel and a salmon wier, witl» some houses and gardens in the village. On the 1st of June, 1(521, it was granted to William Dongan, Esq. Many of the ancient ornaments of this building still renuiin, which, with many other siinilar instances, says Archdall, must argue the re- fined taste of our ancestors, of course the Irish, who built it. Under the miserable pedant, James I., when the judges made their regular circuits, the assizes were held in the monastery of Ennia. Enniskorry,— an island in the territory of Ilybroccan, in Thomond. St. Senan, of Inniscathy, built an oratory, over which he placed souje of his disciples, before he founded his establishment in Scattery Island. Innisfidhe, an island in the Shannon, where it receives the river Fergus. According to Arclidall, a St. Brigid presided over a nunnery in this island, in the time of St. Senan. She was, he says, of the family of Mactalius, and dnughter of C^onchraid. ]Vlactalius, who then was a pagan, opposed the St. Semin in forming his settlement in Inniscathy, about the year 540. A Saint Hrigid left Ireland in the ninth century, to visit her brother Andrew, d aeon of Fiesole, in Tuscany, and the disciple of St. Donatus, an Irishman, who was bishop of that see. The festival of St. Brigid, of Fic^ole, is observed on the Ist of February, oa well as that of the celebrated i)atroue8!j of Ireland.— See life of St. Senan, Inniscathy. Inchycronano, an island in the river Shannon. Donald O'Brien, king of Limerick, foutuled an abbey in this island for regular canons, about the year 11!)0. This abbey, and a moiety of the tithes of the parish of Inclicnmane, were granted to Donough, earl of Tlu.mond, January lOth, Um, and again given in fee to lk>nry, earl of Thomond, on the Ist of Seutem bor, 1 (]()!. Inchmorc, an island of Loughreo, in thrt Sliannnn. St.yenan built a monastery in this island, which ho governed for some lime, nnd then, aliout to rotir.<. placed over it St. Liberius, whose memory in still revered in tlio islunu.— See Inchmoro, in L of what occurred, the superior, sliulit as wa< the tran^^gression, ordered him $o leave Irelmul. Anunchad obeyed, and went to Fulda,— became there a recluse until his death, on the 30th of January, A.I). 1043. Mirianns further re- lates, that ii^ltfH Were seen and paimody heard over Amnicliad's tomb, in the monastery of Fulda, and that while there a monk, ho himself BOCLKSUSnCAL UIBTOBY OF IRELAND. 875 celebrated mass over it every day, for ten years. The reputation of this saint has been very great, and his name occure in divers calendai-s, at January 30th. Tliere yet remains in this island a fine round tower, with seven small churclies, wliich bespeak an elegance of taste. Inisluingl.e or Inislua, an island between Limerick and Inniscathy Here Saint Senan erected a church, and gave the veil to some daughtew of Brendan, the dynast of Ilyfiginte. ^ Inis, na-Gananagh-Island of the Canons. A priory founded by Do- na! 1 O'Bryan, king of Limerick, at the close of the tweltlh century, for canons regular, following the rule of St. Augustine. Tlie lands of this abbey and the tithes of its demesne were granted in fee to Don(.ugh, earl of ThomomI, June20tli, 1005. Tliey were again granted in fee to Konry, earl of Tliomond, September Ist, 1G61. The mode of making adherents to Protestantism by granting them the lands of the Church, was an adniirable one, in the absence of truth and miracles. Inniscatha, now Scattery island, a ricii and beautiful little island, in the mouth of the river Shannon. St. Senan, the founder of this monastery, was a native of Corco- baskind, a district in the western jiart of Thomond ; his parents were noble and Christians. Ercan, his father, is said to have been of the royal blood of Conary L, formerly monarch of Ireland ; his mother, Coemgalla, was also of nn illustrious family in Munster. TI.o place of his birth is mentioned, viz. : Magh-lacha, where his father had one of Lis residences. It is related, tliat St. Patrick being near the Shannon, about the year 448, foretold tlie birtii and future greatness of thi.- illustrious saint, forty years before the auspicious event. When arrived at a certain age, ho was forced, bv the dynnst of Corco-baskind, to join in an expedition which ho had undertaken against the territ..ry of Corcomroo, for the purpose of carrying off j.bm- der. As such an oxcun*ion did not accord witii the pious" disposition of the young Senan, he contrived to have no share in devastating that tor- ..tory. CJod, the searcher of hearts, rowanled Senan for his Christian behavior: for, wlien his party was routed, with great loss, and when fallen into the hands .,f his opponents, Senan was allowed to depart without injury, and to go wherever ho j.leased. This, with other cir- cumstances which afU.rwards occurred, imluced him to resolve on rfi- nouncing the world ; he therefore placed himself under the abbot Cassi- danus, ami having received from him the monastic habit, became a pro- fieient in j.iety and ecclesiastical learning. He next repaired to tho monastery of tho most Ix^ly and learned Nafalis or Naal, where ho spent some years. In tho scho.d of St. Natalis he became very distin- m ECCLESIASTICAL inSTOBT OF mELAND. t guished ; liis superior talents and sanctity being the subject of universal recognition. The loss which the Irish southern church sustained in the deaths of St. Ailbe, of Einly, and of St. Dcclan, was soon repaired by the exer- tions of Senan, and others, who were distinguished by their sanctity, zeal, and the example of penance and mortification. It is said that Senan, aflter leaving tlie monastery of St. Natalis, went to foreign parts, and visited Rome and Tours, spent on his return towards Ireland some time with St. David of Menevia, and with whom he continued an inti macy until his death. The fli-st ebtablishment of Senan was at Innis- ( arra, where lie erected a church. While in this place a vessel arrived in the harbor of Cork, bringing fifty persons, as passengei-s, from the Continent, who came to Ireland either for the purpose of leading a life of stricter discipline or of improving themselves in the study of th3 sacred 8crij)tures. Senan received them with the greatest civility and kindness, retained ten of them with himself, the others he distributed in various establishments. lie was not long in Inniscarra wlien Lugadius, prince of the country, insisted on his submitting to certain exactions, with wliich St. Senan refused to comply. The dispute was arranged th''ong]i the interference of two young noblemen, who were then at the court of Lugadius. Having left eight of his disciples at Inniscarra, ho proceeded to Innisluinge, thence he set out by water for Innismore, but bv'ing 'riven by adverse winds to an island culled Innis-tuaisceart, and looking on the event as the will of Heaven, he erectod a church, which lie left to the care of some of his disciples. He next erected the churcli of Innismore, where he remained some time. Inniscaorach, now called Mutton Island, was his next destination ; and at length we find him in the island of Inniscatha. This csfablishini'iit existed about the year 540, and tn its erection much opposition was given by Mactalius, dynast of lly-flginte, M:ho claimed the islaiul as a j)art of his territory ; and being moreover a pagan, endeavored, witii his " Magus," to expel the saint. Through the interposition of the Almighty, ho Burmoniited the difticulty, and erected his monastery, which l)ecame highly celebrated by the strictness of its discipline. Senan was probably for some time before a bishop, when lie founded this establishment ; but when conse- crated, or by whom, is not on record. One of the rules wliich was observed at Inniscatha was, that females should not be admitted, — even with regard to the most holy virgins fliia regulation was observed. Saint Cannera, a mm from I?aiitry, wished to receive the holy viaticum from the hands of Senan, and to be buried in Inniseathy. She accorningiy set out for llmr, isluiKl, and whon urrivcri near to it, was met by St. Senan. who sternly refused to allow her to BCCLE8IA8TICAJ. HI8T0KY OF IBFLAND. sn land, and requested of her to go to the house of his mother, who lived not far distant, and wlio was related to St. Cannera. At length, under standing that she Avas near her end, and that she wished to receive the holy eucharist, he complied with her desire. As she died soon after, her wish to be interred in the island was also complied with. Tliis St Cannera was of a distinguished family of the ancient Carberry, and her memory was revered in some churches, particularly m that ter- ritory. It is read in the second life of Senan, that St. Brigid, daughter of Concraid, who had her cell in Cluanfidhe, on the bank of the Sliannon, had prepared a vestment which she wished to send to Iimiscathy, for St. Senan ; finding no mode of conveyance, she folded it in hay, and put It into a basket, directed it, having written thereon the address of the saint, and that it arrived safely, wafted along by the current of the river. St. Senan perceiving that his dissolution was "not far distant, resolved on going to the monastery of his first master, Cassidus or Cassidanus, and to the nunnery of St. Scota. his paternal aunt, who was the daugliter of Cobhtach, in order that he might apply h .iself more fer- vently to prayer in those retreats, and prepare for his departure. On his way thither, he turned off a little towards the church of Kill- eochaille, for the purpose of visiting ccHaiu holy virgins, the daughters of one Naereus, who had received the veil from him. Having per- formed his devotions in the monastery of his first master, and on his returning to Inniscatliy, when in a field near the cliurcli of Kill- eochaille, he heard a voice, announcing to him that he was to be re- moved to heaven witliout delay. St. Senan died on that very day, and his body remained at Kill-coclmille until the next, when several of the principal members of his monastery arrived, and conveyed it to Innis- catliy. Notice of his death was then sent to the prelates, clergy, and the principal persons of the neighboring churches, and the obtoquies were celebrated during a week. On the eighth day, the remains of St. Senan were deposited in his own church. His fiwtival is olwervod on the 8th of March, but the precise year of his death is not r(>c.>rded. It must be later than 544. The fame of this saint has not been confined to Ireland, it spread over the Continent, and his acts have been pub- lished among those of the saints of Ih-itanny, andofher cnntrios. Yet Ledwich, an Irish renegade to the aucient faith of ln>laud, has ha«'^ of religious houses to ^^Killfobrick, in the barony of Ibracan. Tins monastery was founded A.D. 837, the scribe and bishop of Killfobrick, Cormac died Kdfenora, in the barony of Corcumroe. The /oundation oflus mo- nastery cannot be ascertained; it is attributed to a St Fa In „ of Koss ; but .t would appear the Fachnan of Kilfenora and of Ir'see are different persons. The saint of Ross flourished in the sixth n urt abbey of Kiltenora, and slew many people therein, A.D. 1055 the «: ^'""^' ^° ''' '-''''- ''-'^ ^' ^^« river Shannon, near Saint Molua (the same as Lugeus), was of a distinguished family of Hy-fagmte, m Munster. His father was Carthar, surntmed Coct and his mother, Sochla, was a native of Ossory. Had he been at St fTu n.an s schoo at Clonard, his birth must have occurred several ye ^ previous to the middle of the sixth century. It seems that Moh.be 1 .s celebrated master he remained a considerable time, and having be ^omo a rehg,ous he was distinguished by his abilities and virtue 'a^Td Comgall perce.vmg h.m qualified to govern othe.,, gave him in trTc- ^ns to form an establishment for himself, and to no'ish the se™ , Chnst. Havng returned to Munster, and attended by his di p Mo ua re,.a.red to Mount-Luachra, in the present county of Lim S' Hnd winch was adjacent to the territory of Ily-figinte, in'.hid ! wa^' hon,. Desjrous to establish himself in that distrFct, he w,ts adv Led no to remam there, by the Dynast Foelan, who was a worthy pi" He on refred f om that district and wont to Mount I31adhma,'no7siievl bloom, near the place where his mother's relatives resided, and erected a monastery, s.nce called Clonfert.nuIIoe. Hither a vast nuu.b of monks resorted, from various parts, who were all received by Mol.m J.fh great kindness. He afterwards returned to Hy-figin'e wl.e,^ L founded several c.-Us and monasteries. He is said to r U ,. d ns many religions bmiana a. «„« i...j,j-_j tj ., . ««"*o"8"ea „ , - . r .M.n.licd. xIg compilfil a rule for In'a monks, wlncl, we are told, was approved by Pope Gregory tl'e Greal 380 EOCLE8U8TICAI. mSTOBT OF IRBXAND. Ill J One of his regulations was, the paqjetual exclnsion of women from the monastery of Cloiifiert-Mohia. The chuHi of Kilhiloe is supposed to dorive its name from this saint, either from his living there, or its being dedicated in his name. A short time before his deatli he visited Dagan, the bishop of Achad, in order to consult him as to the appointment of a successor to his monastery. Dagan told him that he would be succeeded by Lactan, with whom he was satisfied. St. Molua departed this life on the 4th of August — the year is not known — but it seems tliat his death occurred not long after the begin- ning of the seventh century. Molua was reckoned among the fathers of the Irish church. It appeal's that this saint is different from another Molua, the leper ; the latter is called the son of Conall, the grandson of Carthan Fion, who had been baptized by St. Patrick. Molua the leper was brother to Aombh-Caomh, king of Munster. Those saints M-ere contemporaries. In the collectanea of Vallancey, referring to the histories of Munster, Molua the leper is called the first bislioj) of Kilialoe. The prefix "Mo" was a term of aft'ection or endearment which the Irisli gave to their saints, in either speaking or writing of their transactions. Killnacallach or Kill-eochaile, two miles and a half north-west ot Inniscatliy, wliere St. Senan died on his return home to his own monas- tery, in this island. St. Senan gave the veil to the daughtera of Nae- reus, in Kill-eochaille. Killoen, in the barony of Islands. About the year 1190, Donald O'Brien, king of Limerick, founded this nunnery, for t»;e order of St. Augustine, and dedicated it to St. John the Baptist. Slaney, the daughter of Donogh Carbreagh, king of Tliomond, was abbess of this house ; she died A.l). 12(10. Slio was preemi- nent above the women of Munster in devotion, alms-deeds, and lioa- pitality. Kilshanny alias Kilsonna, in the barony of Corcumroe. This cell was annexed to the abbey of Corcumroe. Killshanny, with all its appurte.iances, mills and fisheries, was ^'ranted at tlie dissolution of mo- nasteries, to Robert Hickman. Quin, in the barony of Bunratty, five miles east of Ennis. An abbey founded here wiva c> usumed by fire, A.D. 1278. An abbey for Franciscan friars was i'ounded in Quin by Siodu Cam MacNamara, A.D. 1350. It was the first convent of the order in Ireland in which tlie strict observants had settled, Tope Eugene IV. having granted a licenje to that eii'ect in 1433. The same year Macon ECCLBSIA8TICAL HISTORY OK lEKLAND. 881 Dall MacNamarK, lord of Clancoilean, reOrected this monastery, the material being beautiful black marble— his tomb is still remaining. The venerable establishment of Quin, even still in its ruins mag- nificent, was involved in the general destruction of the sixteenth cen- turj'. Its manors, advovvsons, and all its hereditaments were granted to Sir Turlogh O'Brien, of Inishdyman, in fee, December Uth, 1583. The Roman Catholics repaired this abbey in the year 1604. ^^ Tlie state of this abbey about sixty years ago is thus described: * Quin is one of the finest and most entire monasteries that I have seen ki Ireland. It is situated on a fine stream, with an ascent of several steps to the church. At the eiiJmncc, one is surprised with a view of the high altar, entire, and of an altar on each side of the arch of the chancel. To the south is a chapel, with three or four altare in it, and a gothic figure in relief, of some saint. On the north side of the chancel is a fine monument of the family of the MacNamaras, erected by the founder. In the middle, between the body and the chancel, is a fine tower, built on tlie two gable ends. The cloister is in the usual form, with couplets of pillars, but is particular in having buttresses around it as ornaments. There are apartments on three sides of it,— the refec- tory, the dormitory, and another grand room to the north of the chan- cel, with a vaulted room under each. To the north of the large room is a closet, which leads through a private way to a very strong round tower, whose walls are near ten feet thick. In the front of the monas- tery is a building, which seems to liave been an apartment for strangers, and to the south-west are two other buildings." Instead of the momistic ap;irtments for the stranger and the wearied traveller, English reformers ha. e given us the hotel of the present day ; and instead of those houses (biataghs), in which maintenance was pro^ vided for tlie poor and the destitute and the traveller, without the bur- den of taxation to the public, English legislators have enacted a poor law, by which the rich nian is ground down, the farmer is harassed and oppressed, the indigent are starved, poverty is made a crime, and the si)oliation of the country is rendered permanent, lest justice be done in restoring the property of the Catholic church to its original pur- poses ; and lest the j)arlianth of Septcml)er. The abbey was *()unded A.D. 006. St. Xessan, who is dist-net from the great Nessan of Muiigret, died Marcli 17th. St. Aengus, the Culdee, invokes in his litany seventeen bishops (pniliably cliorepiscopi), and seven hundred monks, whose re- mains lie at Cork, with St. IJarr ami St. Nessan. A.D. 685, the abbot Russin died April 7th. A.D. 773, died Selbac, the successor of St. liarr. A.D. 822 to 830, tiio Danes ]ilundered and burned the city. A.D. 008, Ailill M'Eogan, llie abbot of Cork lost his lile in the same battle in which (\)rmac MacCidknan, bishop of Ciwhell and king of Munstor met his melancholy fate. A.D. 910 to 1)60, the Danes renewed their depre'^^>'^ Oray Friar's abbey. Dermot MacCarthy Reflgh founded thi, n,^ naste^ fj,r con..„t„al Franciscans, A.D. 1514, andMe!^^ ttl ul Z 1 g-n Mary. The founder dying i„ the year 1210, his son Fin an c^ t.nue««'««nd have been in terred m this monastery. ^1^!:: !!!^'!'' "';:'^''"^«^''' ^''"" «'''-y' -"> -^ npp„rtcn*roes. fo^ 8c._^ an.. ^.,„ ganjcns, wa« granted to Andrew Skydie and hi. !,„{- •n captte, at the annual rent of £2 m. 8d. ' i;s8 KOXE8IASTICAL ni8T0BY OP IBKLAND. m ' i 4H t I llill jll i I ■ ;i|! I Tliis building, which waa situate in the north side of the city, is now entirely demolished. Dominican Friary, called the abbey of St. Mary of the Island, be- cause erected on an island (Cross-green,) at the south side of the city, by Philip Barry, in the year 1229. A.D. 1340, John le Blound was prior. A.D. 1484, license was given to Maurice Moral, prior provincial, to reform this convent, by the general chapter of the order held at Kome. The i!Oth of December, and the thirty-fifth of King Henry YIII., a grant waft made to William Boureman of this monastery, and its appur- tenances, to hold the same in capite, for ever, at the annual rent of 6a. 9d. sterling. A.D. 1578, in October, Mathew Sheyn, Elizabeth's bishop of Cork, did publicly bum, to the great grief of the Irish inhabitants, at the high cross in the town, the image of St. Dominick, which had belonged to this monastery. In tliis sealaus hiaJwp the Protestant church of Ireland, which English law and German ' ^onets strove to establish, was blessed with an Iconoclast heretic. A picture of a saint, martyr, or confessor, or an image of Christ crucified, whereby we may bo reminded of the heroic virtues of the one, the fortitude and tlio patience with wliicii the martyr shed his blood for his fuitli, tlie austerity and the calmness with which the confessor bore his chains and confessed his faith before the perse- cutor, the dolors and tlie ignominy which the only begotten Son of God endured, and whom the pure and inmiaculate Virgin Mary conceived and brought forth for the redemption of liis own sinful creatures, cannot be tolerated by those wretches, wlio would rob that virgin motlierof her glory and dignity, lie saints of tliat respect and veneration which is their due, as the sincere an^ faithful servants of the Most High, and the Catliolic people of Ireland of that precious torch of faith by wliich the devoted Catholic is taught to despise worldly goods, and in despising them, to sigh after heavenly treivsuros, wliich are imperishable, in which he finds solid comfort to sustain him in all the afHictions and trials of life, and in which alone the sincere Christian can work out hia salvation by rendering them conformable with the life and gufferii i of hia haviour. While the Protestants of England and Ireland do not blush to retain representations of cats and dogs, and other vile animals, they ought at least not to molest the Catholic people of Ireland in cherish- ing the memoriBls of the saints, tlie roinombrance of whoso virtues and tvliruiA ■•tfMii<»«iaf «r\n ii nrlofi f i*ia1« n4f Hfvnfra an#1 «n« it mam I* am «iAv»^4«hw«^ aKm BOCLESUSnCAl HISTOET OF miOAOT). 535 duced theCahph Jezz:d to commence a cl, tractive war aLinst tho «acred .mages in the Christian churches, promising a long rdfa to e cahph, as his reward. He accordingly published In edicf, orderi g the rem.val of all , nages. H.c Christians, however, refused to ob"y and m 8>x months afterwards God reu>oved th. caliphU death ^' Constantius, the bishop of Nacolia, in Phrygia, introduced this Jew.sh doctrine among his flock, and was expelled from hL see in punash.nent of his perfidy, by his own diocesans Ho at len! . nU Ltrrct;:;: d t •^•"^•^'■^^' r ^-^-^^^ ""- ^^ ^^^^^ images of Christ and Ins sanity. In the early pari of ^he veai^730 f1>« emperor convoked a council, in which he enac'te'd a decree agis sac d mages wanted the patriarch St. Germanus of Constantino.le^o .ubscriJo He threw of! h.s palhum, and said : " It is impossible, my lord that^I c in «.nct.on any novelty against the faith ; I can do nothing without a gee^d counc.1," and the patriarch left the assembly. The emperor, enrr'd I he m rep.d conduct of the patriarch, sent armed officials t; eject him from the arclnep.scopal palace; they execufod their duty wih bio v" and outrages, not even respecting the veneraule age of eighty y Z St. (.ermanus repa.red to the house of his family, a.td lived there Ja monk, havmg left in consequence of the violent proceedings of till rr:; : 7f ^-^-^ -^P^^S -•-■. he had governed foi:rtee; yel^ n a tate of the greatest desolation. (Jernmnus died a holy deatk and the church venerates his memory or. the 12th of May I3o .t then a co.|soIation to the Irish Catholic to know, that a Jewish captamand aMohanunedan governor originated this unholy ire aga.ns Mje Cathoic practice of venerating and respecting the ml rials of Christ and his saints. '"tmo- Boufh Bule of the city, in the reign of King Edward I A grant was made of this abbey in the reign of Elizabeth, to Cor- mac Macliege M.-Carthy, with its appurtenances, at the annmi! ren^ Of this buihling. the steeple, which is .ixty-four feet high, and the walls of the church, still renuun. Tl.e east window, the only one " the choir, was truly magnificent, and measured thfrt; feet in beid t and half that nun.ber in breadth. The whole struck i Tl ," „ .,S iuu> a Bugar-houso. ' ^^"^ ii 890 EOCLESIAS'nCAL niSXOBY OF IBELAJiD, Carmelite Friary was founded in Cork. De Burgo mentions it. Nunnery of St. Jolm the Baptist. William de Barry and Jolin da Barry, in the year 1327, di:l, together with John Fitzgilbeil and Philip Fitz-Robert, grant several quarters and parcels of land, tithes, and ad- vowsons of churched to Agnes de Hereford, and other women, to serve God in the habit of nuns, in the house of St. John the Baptist, in St. John's street, within the suburbs of Cork. This nunnery, of which there arc now no remains, was situated near the present market house, and the site of it was accidentally discovered in digging up some old tombs. Queen Elizabeth, according to a tradition amongst the people, did liberally reward the composer of an Irish song, which is found in llar- diman's collections, for the purpose of bringing contempt and derision on the friai-s and nuns of Ireland ; that song is called " Roisin dhub, i.e. Black Rose," and the words of it seem to corroboiate the assertion of the natives of L-eland. If it failed in producing that des-irable o/Jed among the Catholics of oppressed Ireland, the hatred and malignity to the religious orders which then did and does still pervade the masses of England, has been shamelessly reechoed in tlie senate of proud Eng^ land, and which would again recur to tho torch and the faggot, if pru- dential considerations did not restrain tlie bigotry of her people. Preceptory of Knights Templar. William lo Chaplain was master of Cork about the year 1292. All tho foundations of the templars were abolished cr suppressed, and their poeset-sions given to the knights of St. John of Jerusalem, (uilled Hospital lei-s. Priory of St. Stephen. A house for tho support of lepers was founded in tlie south suburbs of tho city, of which Edward Henry wa« keeper, A.D. 121)5. This priory, when suppressed, was granted to the city of Cork, about tho year 1G74. Doiuigh-more, in tho barony of Muskcrry. Fingen, a disciple of St. Finnbar, was abbot of Donmach-mor-mitine. Fermoy, in tlio barony of Clangibbon, and on tlie river Blackwater. An abbey was founded in Fermoy, under the invocation of tho Virgin Mary, for Cistercian monks, A.D. 1171, who were brougljt hitlier from an abbey on the Suire, in the county «)f Ti])perary. A.D. 1248, tho abbot was iinod in the sum of £10, for divers oifences. A.D. 1200, Maurice le Flenung made a considerable grant to tliia Hbboy, A.D. ioOl, the abbot, "Mfturioe Garton, fell from his horse into th« river Funcheon, and was drowned. if ECCLESUSTICAI, HISTOHT OF IBELANP. 8D1 A.D. 1311, Dionj'sius was abbot. A.D. 1355, David Rawyr O'Kyffe was abbot. AD. 1367, Henry was abbot. In the same year William Fleming was elected. ° A.D. 1480, the abbot Nicholas O'llenesa was made bishop of Waterford. ^ Elizabeth granted to Sir Richard GrenviHe, knight, and his heire this monastery, with eighteen townlands, containing, according to esti- mate, five hundred and fifty acres, at the rent of £15 ISs. 4d. Irish money. Glandy, said to have been a daughter to the Cistercian abbey of Jerpomt, in the county of Kilkenny. Was called the abbey of the Vale of God. Glanore, in the barony of Fermoy. The family of Rochi founded this abbey in t.'ie year 1227, for the order of St. Doniinick. It was de- dicated to the holy cross. DeBurgo, bishop of Ossory, thinks it was built at a later period. ^ Grange or Gmney, in the barony of Muskerry, and a mile east of Ivilcrea. Saint Cera, or Cliior, is said to have been the daughter of Duibhre, and of an illustrious family of Muskerry, in the present county of Cork.' It is supposed that she was the St. Chier, who, together with five other virgins, applied to St. Fintan Munnu, when he was residing in Ely O'Carroll, for a situation on which she could establish a nunnery, and to whom Fintan is said to have assigned the place where he had lived himself, afterwards called Toch-telle, in the King's county. It obtained tin's name from St. Telle, the son of Segen, who was contemporary with Untan Mi> mu, and whose memory is revered on the 25tli of Jime. Roturniiig tlionoe to her own country, she founded a tninnery, called from her name, Kiiciea, a few miles south-west from tlie city of Cork, which she governed until her death, in the year (i8() ; her reputatioii was very great, and her festival was ..bsorved at Kilcrea, not only on the f)t]i of Jamiary, the annivei-sary of her decease, but also on the 16tli of October, as a (hiy of commemoration. Besides this saint of Kilcrea, thi-eo other holy virgins of the same name are mentioned in the Irish cahndars. Tlie foundation of this lunmery is said to be, according to the records, at (J range, or Grutiy. Inchrie, a Cistercian abbey built here, was dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It was a cell to the abbey of Mauro, and ;» .mw UHknnu'! , Inniscarra, in the barony of Barretts, and on the river Lee. Saiot I ill 392 ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOET OF IBELA^a>. Senan, of Iniscathy, founded this establishment, and left there eight of his disciples. Innishircan, or Inis-Kieran, an island between Cape Clear and the main land. In the year 14fi0, Florence or Dermot O'Driscol founded a small monastery for Franciscan friars of the strict observance, in this island. In 1537, the citizens of Waterford destroyed all the villages of this island, with the mill, castle, and friary. Inispi' i( he barony of Carberry, and near Innishircan. Saint c . :> g-mochuda, having visited Munster about the year 620, erected the monastery of Inispict, and left there three brothers, Gobban, Sraphan and Lasren, sons of Nescain, with the bishop Saint Domangen and twelve disciples. Tlie monastery of Innispict was for a long period held in high' repute. The anniversary of Gobban was held on the 17th of March. 6t. Domangen's memory was revered on the 29th of April, at Tuaim Huscraighe. Killbeacan. St. Abban built an extensive monastery in this place, and set over it St. Beacan, or Mobecoe. There Avere several saints of this name. Killbeacan is situated on the north side of Mount Crotte, in Muscry-ciure. See Rossmic triaii, county of Wexford. Kiichuilin, supposed to be in the barony of l?aiitry. A nunnery existed here, of which St. Cannera was abbess, and who died in tho island of Inniscathy. Kilcrea. — See Grange, or Graney. St. Cera was the foundress. Franciscan Monastery. Corniac MatCarthy, the great, prince of Desmond, founded this convent in tlie year 1465, under tlie invocation jf St. Brigid. The founder and Thomas O'llerlihy, bisliop of Ross, were interred in this abbey. When James I. ascended the throne of England, the Catholics, vainly supposing that the calm of toleration had set in, undertook to repair tho al)bey of Kilcrea, but tlio king surpassed, if possible, his pre- decessors in intolerance ; and tho splendid abbey of Kilcrea, permitted to moulder in its ruins, affords an instance of the arcliitectural taste and grandeur with which the Catholic religion is associated. This abbey was first gi-anted to Lord ^fuskerry. In IfiSO, it was taken by Cromwell, and soon after transferred to his favorite. Lord Broghill. A great part of this Duilding still remains, with tho nave and choir of the church ; on the south side of the nave is a handsome arcade of ti'irf-e Goi'iie urdics, Fupportcu by mnrblo columns ; tno arcade con- tinues to form one side of a chapel, being a cross aisle. Tho steeple, a ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEY OF IBELANU. S93 light building, about eighty feet high, and placed between the nave and choir, is still perfect, and supported by Gothic ai'ches. Killcruimther. Colgan is of opinion that a priest Fraech, whose memory is there revered, founded this house. Tliis place waS situated in the modern barony of Barrymore, and is unknown. Killna-marhban— Church of the Dead ; attributed by some to St. Abban ; was near the town of Brigoone. The tradition of the ])lace attributes the erection of the church of Brigoon to a St. Finachan or Finchu, who was, according to Colgan, in the sixth century, a bishop at a place called Druimenaich, without telling where it lay. Several places in the now county of Cork are named Drumanagh. Kinsale. A corporate town ; well known for its excellent harbor, and its strong fortifications. Priory of Regular Canons. St, Gobban, a disciple of St. Ailbe, of Emly, was patron of this monastery of Kinsale. St. Sedna, who presided over Cluan, between the mountains Crotte and Marige, in Munster, was buried in this monastery. White Friai-9. This abbey M-as founded by Carmelites, in the year 1350, by Robert Fitz-Richard Balrayno. Part of its ruins still remain in the north end of the town. In ;he thirty-fifth of ^lenry VIIL, it was confiscated to the crown. Legan. Jolm de Compton was prior of this monastery in 1301, and at the suppression of religious houses the prior of St. John's, in Water- ford, was found to be seized of this priory. Lueim, was situated near the city of Cork, and David de Cogan was patron in the year 1318. Maur. See Curigiiiky. :^[iddlcton. Pleasantly situated in the barony of Tmokilly, and is a market and borough. The Fitzgeralds or the Barrys founded a Cistercian abbey in this town, A.D. 1180, and supi)lied it with monks from the abbey of Nenay or Magio, in tlie county of Limerick ; it was called the abbey of Saint Mary de (Hioro, or of the choir of St. Benedict. Donald, the abbot, was 8uccf>eded by Robert, who presided A.D. 1309. A.D. 1476. Gerald, bishop of Cloyno, appropriated several vicarages to til is abbey. The 2(ith of July, thirty -firet of Henry VIIL, tho abbot was seized of tho abbey, dormitory, cloister, chapter-house, a hall witliin tho pre- cincts, containing one acre, of the anniuil value of five shillings, besides reprises ; also one hundred and twenty-three acres of land in tho town of Chore, a salnjon-weir in said town, a wuter-iaill, one hundred and rff iip g 394 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOBT OF IRELAND. if i' twenty acres of land in Killynemaraghe and Ballygibbon, and the reo- tories Downbolloge, Kylowane, St. Katharine's, and Moygyelle, with their reprises, all situate in the county. Tlie 17th of September and seventeenth of Elizabeth, this abbey, with two hundred and eighty acres in the town and lands of Chore, one hundred and twenty acres in Kilinanagh, Downmacmore, and Ballygib- bin ; a messuage and garden in Carrigh ; a parcel of land containing fifteen acres ; ths rectories of Chore, Donbolloge, St. Katharine's, near Cork ; Kilrowan, Kilcollehy and Moygelly, and the vicarage of Balline- chore, all belonging to the abbey of Middleton, were granted in capite, to John Fitzgerald and his heirs. Mourne, in the barony of Barretts. A preceptory for knights tem- plars was founded in the reign of King John, by Alexander de Sancta Helena, or he was a principal benefactor to it. At the suppression of this order it was granted to the Hospitallers. Tl)omas Fitzgerald was comniendator in the years 1326, '27 and '30. John Fitzllichard was comniendator in the years 1334, '35, '37, and '39. The r .r of Kilmainhan' appointed the said John to this cora- mandery, and the act was dated .at the commandery of Tully, in the county of Kiklare, A.D. 1335 : " "We have granted unto friar John i^'itzri chard, the whole govern- ment and custody of our house of Mora or Mourne, with the appurte- nances thereunto belonging, both in temporals and spirituals ; he paying the dues usually paid by that house. And we require, that within the space of the next ten years, he shall, at his own cost and charge, erect a castle there, completely finished, both aa to size, workmanship, and materials." The body of the church, 180 feet in length, yet remains. Tlie foun- dation walls of the commandery inclosed several acres. It was de- fended on the south by a strong castle, a^id by two on the west. The possessions were granted to Teige MacCarthy, whose descendants for- feited them in the year 1041. Omolaggie. A grant was made the twentieth of Queen Elizabeth, to the provost and fellows of the Holy Trinity, near Dublin, of twenty acres of knd contiguous to a cross and parcel of the possessions of the abbey of the Corbe of Omolaggie. Tliis house was tributary to the abbey of Cong, in Mayo. Tliero is at present no vestige of Omolaggie. Eo88, in the barony of Carbcrry ; an episcopal see. St. Fachnan was the founder. A city grew up in this place, in which there was a large scmiitary. In the year 1131, the peojdo of Connaught, under the command of ECCLESIASTICAL HlflTOEY OF IBELAin}. 395 Donoigh MacCartliy, plundered this asylum of religion and learning; they Asere soon after justly defeated, and Hugi> O'Connor, the son of Constantine, and O'Cachy, the chief poet of Connaught, were killed. A.D. 1353, Cornelius was prior. i A.D. 1378, Odo was prior. This monastery has been generally given to the regular canons of St. Augustine. It professed, afterwards, obedience to the Benedictine abbey of '^ James without the walls of the city of Wurtzburgh, in the province ot Mentz, in Germany. The ruins still remain. Timoleague, in the barony of Ibawn and Barryroe. This abbey was founded by William Barry, lord of Ibawn, about the year 1370, for the order of St. Francis. In 1400, the rule of the strict observance was received. Provincial chaptei-s of the order were held in this house in 1536 and in 1563. At the suppression of the religious establishments, this convent, with four acres of Ian ', were granted to Lord Inchiquin. De Cource^, a minorite, bishop of Ross, and John Imurily, a Cis- tercian, bishop of that see also, were buried in this convent. The Roman Catholics repaired this monastery, A.D. 1604 ; the walla are yet entire, but unroofed. They enclose a large choir, with an aisle, formed by arcades on the south, leading to a lateral wing. Tliere is a handsome Gothic tower, about seventy feot high, between the choir and aisle, and on one side of the aisle is a square cloister, arcaded with a platform in tlie centre ; the arcade leads to several large rooms, the chapel, the chapter-house, refectory, a hall, dormitory, and a spacious ajjartment for the father guardian. Tracton, in the barony of Kinalea. Maurice Mac Carthy founded this abbey A.D. 1224, for Cistercians. A.D. 1231, tlio abbot was indicted for protecting his nephew, Mau- rice Russell, who had committed a rape on an Englishwoman ; wag found guilty, and fined tb i sum of forty pounds. "Ilad she been a mer€ Irwhwoina7i the offence would be overlooked." A.D. 1311, Owen was abbot. A.D. 1380, i)arliament enacted that no mere Irishman should be suffered to profess himself in tliis abbey. The abbot of Tracton sat as a baron in jjarliament. Queen Elizabeth granted this abbey to Henry Guilford and Sir James Craig, on their paying a fine of £7 15s. ster- lii.g. Sir James Craig assigned it to Ricnard, earl of Cork, who passed a patent for the same in the seventh of James I. Tuaim-Musgraidgo, now unknown. Saint Domangen, whom St. Carthag lol^ at Inispict, with twelve disciples, was venerated here. B0CLE8IASTICAI. HISTOBT OF mELAJO). r I l! 1 Tulacli-Mhin, in the barony of Ferraoj. St. Molagga, ono of the Irish saints who survived the great pestilence of 665, was bom in this barony, of poor but pious parents, and is said to have been baptized by St. Cummin Fada. St. Molagga received his education in his own country, and having distinguished himself by his piety and learning, established his monastery and school at Tulach-Mhin. He is said to have afterwards visited other parts of Ireland, particularly Connor, in Ulster, and to have passed over to North Britain. Molaga seems to have had some establishment in Fingall, near Dublin, where his me- mory has been revered, and where he is said to have placed a swarm of bees, thence called Lann-beach. At length he returned to Tulach-Mhin, where he died, on a twentieth of January. His festival was celebrated on the anniversary of that day, at Tulach-Mhin and Lan-beach-aire. There were other saints of this name. TuUelash, in the barony of Duhallow. Mathew MacGriffin founded this priory for canons regular of St. Augustine. It became afterwards united to that of Kells, in the county of Kilkenny. "Weeme, near Cork. An abbey of canons regular was here founded, and was dedicated to St. John the Evangelist. A.D. 1311, Thomas was abbot. Being deposed, Altan O'Nulla- nagaly was elected. Gilbert was abbot. David was abbot in 1339. Thomas succeeded. Richard OTenewir was abbot. Youghal, a seaport and borough. The Franciscan friary on the south side of the town was founded in the year 1224, by Maurice Fitz- Gerald. In 1232, Maurice, the founder, was lord justice of Ireland ; after which he retired to this convent, and embrace ' nstitute of St. Francis. He died in 1257, and was buried in L n convent of Youghal. This convent was the parent of the order in Ireland. Thomas, the second son of tho founder, comploted tho building at his own expense, and having died on the 26th of May, 1260, was also interred in this abbey, which continued for centuries the cemetery of the Desmond family. Several provincial chapters were held in tin's convent, and it received the reform of the order in 1460. During the terrors of Elizabeth's reign, this extensive convent had been pillaged and so completely demolished, that not even a vestige of its rums remains. Such of tho friars as had escaped tho storm, took refuge in tho mountains of the county Waterft^rd, where they were pro- EOCLESIABTICAL HTSTORT OF IRELAITO. 397: tected, and finally settled in a retired and picturesque spot called Cur- ragheen, under the patronage of the henevolent family of Dromanagh. The Dominican Friary of Youghal, called of St. Mary of Thanks, at the north end, was founded by Thomas, Lord Offaley, in the year 1268. A.D. 1303, Robert Percival, an eminent benefactor to this abbey, was interred here on the 22d of October. A.D. 1281 and 1304, general chapters of the order were held in this abbey. A.D. 1493, this house was reformed by Bartholomew de Comatio, general of the order. A statue of the Virgin Mary was preserved in this monastery, which is mentioned in the acts of the general chapter held at Rome A.D. 1644. In the twenty-third of Elizabeth, this convent and eleven houses in the town of Youghal were graated to "William Walsh, at the yearly rent of 28. Irish, ^ ^' it 899 KOQLEfJiASTICAL HlflTOE? : ' IBELAITD. CHAPTER XLI. COUNTY OF DKRRT. AERAGFxr, Badonet and Boith-meahbha arc mentioned in Arclidall as religious bouses founded by St. Patrick and St. Colunibkille, but ap- parently thout any authority. Camus or Cambos, in the barony of Coleraine, and on the river Bann. The aboey of Camus was subordinate to that of St. Conigall, of Benchor, as it was founded by that saint. St. Colman, contemporary with the St. Colman o^ Lismore, was abbot of this once celebrated monastery of Camus. Column was a native of Ily Guala, or Galltin, a part of Ulster and perhaps the Gallen hills in the county of Tyrone. He governed three churches, viz : Camus, Lunn-Mocholmoc, either in the diocese of Down or of Dromore, and lin-Huachaille, apparently in the latter diocese. St. Colman died on the 30th of March, 699, i.e. 700. Coleraine, on the river Bann and the ancient territory of O'Cahane, is a market town and parliamentary borough. Priory of Canons of St. Augustine. St. Curprens, bishop of Cole- raine, is said to have flourished about the year 540, and to have been contemporary with Tigernach, of Clones, whose schoolfellow he had been in Britain, under the abbot Nonnio. Corpreus was the son of Degill, and grandson of Nad-Sluagh, a dynast of the country about Coleraine, and who became a Christian in St. Patrick's time, and who received the ap 'lo of Ireland with great respect and veneration. The Bishop Brugacuis whom St. Patrick raised to the episcopacy, conse- crated St. Corpreus. The year in which this holy bishop died is not on record, but his feast ia observed on the 11th of November. Though he fixed his see at Coleraine, it does not appear that he established a mo- nastery at that place. ' Saint Conall was the immediate successor of St. Corpreus. Aftet the .lasembly at Drumceat, in the year 590, St. Columbkillo having visited Coleraine, the bishop Conall having collect' d almost innumera- EOCLKSIASTICAL HISTORY OF ICELAND. J^Q ble presents from the people, prepared an entertain. nent for him Such presents were usually made on or at the arrival of distinguished persons to the monasteries, in order that they might be well entertained by the religious, whose means would otherwise have been inadequate to that purpose, as at that time the monastic establishments were not lar^^cly endowed. Adamnan assures us, that those presents were spread in\ie court-yard of the monaster, that they might be blessed by St. Columba belore use would be mado of them. Saint Conall is apparently the founder of this monastery, instead of his predecessor. A.D. 930, Ardmedius, abbot nf Coleraine, was put to death by the Danes. •* A.D. 1171, Manus MacDun -e plundered this and other churches : the vengeance of Heaven soon .., u. ked his career. A.D. 1213, Thomas MaclTch> and the Galls, i.e. English, of Ulster, bu.lt a castle, for which they raised uil the pavements, and destroyed every part of the abbey, the church alone excepted. 10.?^ ^^f^'^'^" fria'-y was founded by the MacEvelyns, in the year 1244, and dedicated to the Virgin Mary, A.D. 1 •84, a general chapter of the order being held at Rome ..cense was granted to Maurice Moral, prior provincial, to reform this monastery. In Porter's annals it is related that Iiislu>p Bahlngton having at. empted m vain, to hum an ima.je of tU Virgin Mary, which belom^ed to this abbey, was suddenly seized with illness, which ended his life" in beptember, 1611, ' Shane O'Boyle was the last prior. He surrendered the monastery into the hands of the royal commissioners, which, along with its pro- perty, became confiscated to the crown. Derry, the capital of the county and a parliamentary borou-^h im ^'''*' ""'^ '"^'""'•'^^'^ •'^ it« «^«g« V the L-ish forces, A J). llie abbey of this ancient town was founded by St. Columbkille.- bee Ins lite. The monks were not canons of St. Augustino, but of St. Columba 8 order. > . «u old by Ireine juriitUiciion over all tlio abbeys of the Columbian order in tho kingdom. A rcg dar succession of its superiors continued, until 'lie gonural sup- ECCT^SIASTICAI, mSTOET OF EBELAOT*. 40I pression of monasteues ; and ita property, of which there is no account, became involved in the common ruin. Dominican friary was founded in the year 1274, hv O'Donnell junior, prince of Tirconnell. The number of monks in this abbey wa^ generally ne hundred and fifty. A.D 1397 Nicholas Loch-Lynnagh was prior. Tliere is not a trace of tb-s abbey left since the siege of Derry, under King James II The possessions of this abbey were granted to the corporation of London Uerry, and those of Coleraine, were subsequently given to them Dizertoghill, Domnach-dola, Dunboe, are attributed to St Patrick and St. Columbkille. Dunboe, supposed to be the same as Duncruthen, uver which a Bishop Beatus presided. Dunboe is situated in the barony of Coleraine Dungiven, in the barony of Kenaght. O'Cahane, prince of the country, founded, A.D 1100, a rriory for canons of St. Augustine A.D. 1206, died the prior O'Lathvertagh. A.D. 1215, died the prior Paul O'Murrey. A.D. 1253, died the prior Maelpeter O'Murrey. A.D. 1397, on the 16th of October, the archbishop of Armagh at tlie entreaty of the prior and convent, solemnly restored the church md cemetery of Dungiven, which liad been polluted by the effusion of Clinstian blood. A if ?ol'r,"' 'V^'^ ^"'*'"^' ^^ ^^''"'^^'''*- ^"^ ''^^'y ^«« plundered A.D. 1203, by Diennit Una Lochluin, who attempted to ravage the country and who was, with many of his foreigners, slain by the lord* of Kinel-Loguin, who pui-sued them. Tlio foundation of this monastery is attributed to St. Columbkille. Mo^cosquin, in tho barony of Coleraine. This abbey, called de Clarofonte, t.e, the Clear Spring, dedicated to tho Virgin Mary, waa founded for Ci.tercians, A.D 1172. A.D. 1401, the abbot, John, wa. appointed bishop of Derry, by the Pope. 26 wm mm 408 E0CLK6IAhXlCAL llIS'TOHt OF TEtKLAKD. f CHAPTER XLn. COUNTY OF DONKGAL. li! '' f! ' si' i Abstrath-Abhroe, or de Samario, on tlie river Erne, near the town of Ballyslianaon. Roderick O'Caimnan, prince of Tyrconnell, founded this monastery for Cistercians, A.D. 1178. This abbey was daughter to that of Boyle, in Roscommon. A.D. 1241, Donnell O'Donncll, kincf of Tirconncil and Fermanagh, having retired from the troubles of this life, died, and was interred in this abbey. A.D. 1280, Lawrence O'Lachtnan, the abbot, was translated to that of Boyle. A.D. 1319, Thomas MacCormac O'Donnell, abbot of Ashroe, a man eminent for learning, hospitality, and every virtiie, was promoted to the see of Raphoe. A.D. 1348, Nicholas O'lledrivm, a monk of Ashroe, was promoted to the see of Achonry. A.D. 1377, the abbey was consnmod by flro. A.D. 13!)8, Niall oge O'Noile plundered the abbey. In the thirty-iiint of Elizabeth, the posKcssions of this abbey, amount- ing to fit>y-threo quarters of land, and the tithes of eleven townlaniht, wore merged in the general jilunder of the church jiroperty. Baile-negrahbartaich, in Iiiisowen, and aiiDther of the same name in Tir-IIugh, in which the celebrated relic of St. Cohnubkille is said to have been preserved. Both are, if they huvo been monasteries, now unknown. Tlie relic of Cdlumbkillo wan called the " Cathach," booanso borne to their battles by the ()'I)onnells, princes of Tircounell. It is a brass box, nine inches aiul a half long, eight in breadth and two in thickness ; it is divided into three arches, supported and sepa- Pfttod by clustered coiumns ; in the cc-ntrai ooiupnrtnienr or arch is a sitting figure of St. Colutnba, with his luiir flowing over his shouldere, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 4^3 third .„d fonrth fl,„e« fol a ., ° "'' '"' "»'" '"""'■ *« .he third '^.«v^n,r^:::'^X'z-z\r'°' "''" '"' ''"^- '» ™.nd ,1,0 l«ad; a„d . fe J,,d ; ^ ,1 ' hfZ^ ' " ''"°'^ each ,ide of llic ctov Ov.r ,l,. ''"■/"''■""• "'e two Marys, one on bW^ a,,,»re„,i;d™ L , t/r ""T "" '"«"»'<«' '"» the n>ht arch i, a ti™ r ' T f '? '" "'"^ "' ""'f- Over . ba*et or incense 4. .«d aJveia/i:^:;:^^^^^^^ :'"" •' ~"«i « «7vcr„, in hcraUlrv. 0.c c i»,> f ? "*".''",'« but -vi,h a ln„„.„ face, and hclo; grifh R nn^;,""' Tr';"'"'? a clioscd boi-der of al,o„. .1,„ T , "'" "'">'" b»» " J ) lilt, roHgii. Afhxed to the r -^Iit ni(Jp nf fl.„ i w iich rc'DrosentH n «!...;«„ i> h '^^niy gilt. Un tlie right, ri,,ri«, t8 a Hlinne, are four oon.jmrtnu.nt., and on th., Inft • chHK.1. The back is also divi 1 |^, t ! ' "'? ''''' ^'^'^^ ""^ the ten Interior were al n .: . """''"' '^^•"PH'-fmenta ; . '"« oi two m gone, and m four others niueh ini..r.>d n *• <"-tor c.npartn.ents were Hated with silver an T\ """ 1-nded rivets. The'twrend T7T'"'': "™ '*"*'« ""^"^ '^""J- --...n.r.^,::L-r'r:.r-t:=ri;: 111^ 404 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOKT OF tRELAND. ill ill hollow pillar, by which the top of the box was fixed to the body with four thick pins with silver heads, which were t.o contrived as to be movable at pleasure. The contents of this box, when opened, were found to be a rude wooden one, very much decayed, inclosing a manuscript, on vellum, — a copy of the ancient vulgate translation of the psalms, in Latin, of fifty- eight membranes. On one side was a thin piece of board, covered with red leather. It was so much injured by damp, as to appear almost a solid mass. Tlie manuscript was originally about nine inches by six wide -, it haa been most injured at the beginning. All the membranes before the 31st Psalm are gone, and the first few of those which remain, are much decayed. Tlie last membrane contains the first thirteen verses of the lOGtli Psalm. " I have collated several of the Psalms, with the Vene- tian vulgate, before mentioned, and find tliera to agree, nearly word for word." — (Sir William Betham, Ulster king at arms.) It is now the property of Sir El* iiard O'Donnell, of Newport, Mayo, and is deposited, for security, in the Royal Iiisli Academy. Bally Mac Sweeny, in the barony ot Kibnacienan. A monastery was founded here for Franciscan friars, by Mac Sweeny. Some of its ruins still remain. i!u(h-conais, in Innisowen. St. Comgal, abbot of this once-cele- brated abbey, was the brother of St. Cele-Christus or Christicola. The memory of St. Comgal, wiio is difierent from the abbot of Bangor, was revered on the 4th of September. Ilioy were natives of Ulster, iind arc said to have belonged to a branch of the Nialls. Cliristici)la, having lofl his own province, went to a M'cstern part of Lcinater, called Ilydoncluullm, wliere he erected an oratory, which, from his nnmo has Iteen desigiuUed Kill-cell-Chriost. lie is said to luwe travelled to Rome witli some companions. In sevcnil Irish calendai"b his name occui"a on the Hd of March. Christi- cola died A.D. 722. A.D. 987, died the Archdeacon Dididaboirean. Tlicre were preserved in the irrnds of the religious in that neighbor- hood, many books which formerly belonged to the abbey, written h / the hand of Altulisa, who was educated in this abbey, and who died the ICth of January, A.D. 1080. Cloideigh, in the barony of Raphoo, to the west of Loughfoylo, and about two miles from l.ilford. St. Carnoch was abbot ai\d bishop of this place, lie was of the princely house of Orgiel, and grandson (maternal) to l,o(irii, tlio flret chief of tho Irish settlers in North Britain. Aa his mother was siator E0CI.ESU8TICAL HISTORY OF lEELAND. m to Erca, he ^,Bs fii-st cousin to the then king of Ireland, Murchertach. According to Cclgan, he died about the year 530. The memory of St Carnech has been held in high veneration, and two brothei-s of hk, Ronan and Brecan, are also reckoned among the Irish saints. Carnech was succeeded by Cassan, and the latter was succeeded by Masean. ^ Conwall, or Conbhail, in the barony of Kilmacrenan. St. Fiachra was abbot of this monastery, and afterwards of Clonard. From St Fiachra, the abbot of Bangor, St. Comgal received the viatic. In the second life of St. Comgall, Fiachra is said to have been from Idrone, near the river Barrow. St. Fiachra died on the 8th of February. Q)!- gan places him between the years 587 and 652. Sitric O'Trutle, archdeacon of Conwall, died, A.D. 1204. Cnodain, in the barony .r Boylagh and Bannagh, near Ashroe. St. Conan-"dhil" (the beloved), was of the Tirconnell line of tlie Nialls, being the son of Tigernacli, who was the great grandson of Conal Gulb- han ; hence he was the distant relative of St. CohiinbkiU. Conan gov- erned the monastery of Cnodain, which he probably founded. Accord- ing to some accounts he became bishop of Easroe, where his festival was celebrated on the 8th of March, the anniversary of his death. Conan died about tiie close of the sixth century. Donegall, in the barony -f Tir-IIugh, and situated on the bay, to which it gives its name. Hugh Iloe O'Donncll, prince of Tirconnell, founded, A.D. 1474, this monastery for Franciscans of the strict observance ; his wife, Peno^ lope, the daughter of Connor O'Brien, prince of Thomond, shared also in the merit of this good work. A.D. 1515, Menelaus MacCarmacan, bishop of Rnphoe, died in the habit of this order, and was interred in this abbey, A.D. 1551, Iloderic O'Donnell,* bishop of Dorry, died in tho sama liabit, and was interred liore. There had been in this abbey a well-sclocted library. At a small distance from the town, the ruins are still to be seen. The cloister cou- BiHts of small arches, supported by couplets of pillars on a basement. In one part are two narrow passages, one over the other, about four feet wide, ten in length, and seven high ; they seem to have been j.laces for depositing valuables in time of danger. The upper one ia covered with stones tluit are laid on tho iiea.ns of others that cross it, and tho lower one with stones laid across on the walls. Each of them ai-e exactly aUer the Egyptian manner of building. In a structure over it are plain marks of a regular nonuui pe«limont. The annals of the Four Moetore wore comj)ilod in the Franciscan It i iOd i» a m> I 1 KccLnaiAaricAL rasTOEv of iublako. ■bbej of Donegal. The monastery and the library, then the best of my in the kingdom, became a prey to the rapacity of the brutal Henry VUI. Drumthuoma, in the barony of Tir-hugh. This had been a cele- brated monastery; was probably founded by St. Adau.iian. Ernene died a very old man in this house. Tliere is no reason to affirm that he was abbot, as Archdall calls him. Adamnan saw him, when very old, and speaks of him as having been a strong working man when Columba died. Flahertach O'Maeldory, king of Tir-connell, died, and was buried in this abbey, A.D. 1197. Fathen-Mura, now Fahan, in Innisowen, and on Loughswilly. St. Mura is tlie patron of this monastery, — he was probably tlie founder, Mura was a descendant of ;Niull Niageillach, by his son Eugene, and the great grandson of another Eugene who died in 6G5. His father's name was Feradach, his mother's Deriuilla. Ho flourished in the first half of the seventh century. His memory, which is revered on the 12th of March, has been held in great veneration by the O'Neil family, who regarded him as their patron saint. His stati", called Bachul-nmra, was preserved as a relic. St. Mura wrote a metrical life, in Irish, of Columbkille. His monastery, which is sa^d to have belonged to the Co- lumbati order, flourished for many centuries. Mura died, it seems SJiiiotime before the year GoS. St. Kellach, the son of Saran, succeeded. This noble monastery was riclily endowed, and for many ages was held in the highest veneration. Many monumonts of antiquity were here preserved, until tlicy were destroyed by tlie j'eformei-s. Amongst those which have been preserved are, a book of the acts of St. Columb, written by Mura— a large and ancient chronicle,— the pastoral staft'of at. Mura, richly ornamented with jewels, still preserved by the O'Keils md by which many miracles are said to have been wrought. Gartoii, according to Arclidall, was a monastery founded by Saint Columbkille. Gartan was his birthplace. Hillfothuir was a Cistercian abbey, founded A.D. 1194, by O'Dogh- erty. It professed obedience to that of Ashroc, ond became united to it. Inver-naile, in the barony of Boylagh and Banmigh, and oast of Kil- lybegs. St. Kataiis, or Naal, pronounced to havo been the son of Aengus, king of Ca«hel, and to wiioso abbey St. Sonan was directed by the abbot Casnidus. He is sniiposed to be the Naal of Inver and of Killrniillo. in Brcflnev • wiw ulari fiwnroil nf 1\':iii>..r.,!..!. ht.,. j,...i.i. . i Naal of Inver Nual is assigned to the year A.D. 5G-4. Tlie memnry of EC0LE8USTICAI, HISTORY OF IBELAND. 40^ this saint waa i-evered at Kilmanagh, on tlie Slst of July. St. Natalia is also said to have been the abbot of Devenish. A small monastery for Franciscans of the third order was founded in this place, in the fifteenth century. It was granted by Kfng James I. to James, Viscount Clandeboy, and by him assigned to Arthur, Lord Chichester, wliose family lias become very prosperous, as adventurers hostile to the people and the religion of Ireland. Iniscael, an island in the bay of Boylagh and Bannagh. A Saint Conal is honored hero on the 12th of May. It was attacked by pirates about the year 590. There is in this island a celebrated well, which, with the church, is dedicated to Conal, and yearly visited by a great number of pilgrims. Inis-Samer, an island in the bay of Donegal, and at the mouth of the river Erne. Flaherty O'Maoldora, king of Tirconnel, having re- nounced the cares of the world, and having devoted himself to the ser- vice of Heaven, died in this island, A.D. 1197. Kilbarron, anciently called Kilbharind. A St. Earrindus is men- tioned in the voyages of St. Brendan. His name shall occur again. Killybegs, a seaport ; the safest on the Irish coasts, and in the ba- rony of Boylagh and Bannagh. MacSweeny-banuig founded a monas- tery in this town for Franciscans of the third order. Kill-0'Donnell, near Katlimellan, in the barony of Kilmacrenan. In the beginning of the si.xteentli century O'Donnell founded this mo- nastery for Franciscans of the third order. Longhdearg, in the barony of Tir-IIugh, and parish of Templocarn. In this island there was a priory of canons regular. Its foundation waa attributed to St. Patrick, but in his days there was no such order. Othere attri!)ute it to an abbot Patrick, who was the superior about the year 850. Neither were they in existence during his time, as they were introduced by Iniar, the procc'[)t<»r of St. Malachy. Tlie far-famed purgatory of this island is also attril)nted to St. Pa-.» trick. Tlie purgatory is not mentioned in any of his lives, nor was it heard of until the eleventh century, the period in wiiich the canons regular of St. AugiiNfino appeared. By the authority of Pope Alex- ander VI., it Wivs demolished on St. Patrick's day, 1497, by the father guardian of the Franciscans of Donegal, and others, who were deputed for this purpose by the bishop. A canon of the priory of St. Davoc, in the same lake, usually resided on the island, for the service of the church and pilgrims. It has been since, in some degree restored, Moville, on Loughfoyle, in Innisowen. Seems tn have hoan onn^ fnnniled with the Magh-bilo of the county Down. Magheribeg, near the town of Donegal. About the middle of the 408 ECCLESUSTICAT. HISTOKY OF IRELAND. fifteen til centni-y O'DonnoU founded this monastery for Franciscans of tlie third order. Raplioe, in the barony to which it gives name, is a bishop's seat. St. Adamnan, abbot of Ily, patron and restorer of this monastery, died tlie 23d of September, A.D. 703 or 704. It belonged to the order of St. Coluniba. Eathcunga, in the barony of Tir-IIugh, A very old establishment. St. Asicus, of Elphin, and Baithen, are interred here. St. Patrick is said to have erected this chm'ch. Rathenc, monastery of, — See Kill- finan, in Ma^'o. Rathmullen, on Long-Swilly, and in the barony of Kilmacrenan. MacSweeny Fannid founded this house for Carmelites, or white friars. Sathreginden, in Tyrconnell, founded by St. Baithan, who lived in Columba's time, and became one of his monks. Baithan, having many yeai"s presided over this establishment, and having applied to Columba for his blessing, died at Derry. Torre or Torey Island, eight miles from the main land of the barony of Kilmacrenan, is extremely fertile. The erection of a monastery on this island is attributed to St. Co- lumbkille. Here also is a round tower, whose erection the islanders and the inhabitants of the opposite coasts, by common tradition, attri- bute to that saint. Ernan, who is called the son of Colman, -vas abbot of Torey Island. He is different from the Eman of Drom<^huoma. The abbot of Torey Island is revered on the 11th of January . It is sup- posed that Ernan died about G50. TulacU-dubglaise, in tiie barony of Kilmacrenan. Tlie church in which ■*?<;. Columba was baptized by the priest Cruthnecan. calls i< »n abbey founded by the saint himself. Archdall KX7LE8IA6TICAI. HISTOBT OF IBEIAND. i09< CHAPTER XLIII. COUNTY OF DOWIT. Ahadcaoil, in the barony of Dundrum. Arahdall mentions a Saint Kiileen as abbot of this house, in the fiftli century. Ardicnige, now unknown, was a Franciscan friary. Bangor, or Ben-chor, in the barony of Ardes, anciently called tho Vale of Angels. It is a seaport, market, and borough town. St. Comgall was bom A.D. 516, and was of a distinguished military family of Dalaradia, tho very country in which he founded the famous abbey of Bangoi. Ilia father's name was Sedna, his mother's Briga. When having attained a certain age, he wished to engage in the reli gious state ; and having left his father's roof, placed himself under a master, capable of instructing him in ecclesiastical learning. After some time he repaired towards the more southern parts of Ireland, with a view of improving himself in knowledge and monastic discipline. Having arrived in Leinster, he went to the monastery of Clonenagh, over which St. Finnan presided, and by whom Comgall was kindly received, and admitted as a member of his community. As the dis- cipline of this monastery was very austere, ho felt a strong temptation to leave tho establishment, and return to his relatives and country. Fintan, to whom he disclosed his uneasiness, having prayed to God in his favor, ho was soon relieved from his anxiety ; and while in the act of praying himself, he perceived his heart, all on a sudden, overflowing with spiritual comfort. Becoming fully satisfied with his state, he re- mained several years under tho direction of St. Fintan, who, on finding him fully (puililied, advised liim to return to his own country, and form there some religious establishments. On his arrival in Ulster ho preached in various parts of that pro- vince, and spent some time in solitude on an island of Lough Erno. In- tending to leave Ireland, and to finish his earthly career in Britain, ho was induced, by tho ur^'cnt solicitations of Bishop Lugidus, who ordained him, and of other holy men, to remain in his own country. I 410 BOCLESIASTICAL HIOTOKY OF IRELAND. Comgall then founded the abbey of Benchor, near the bay of Carrick- fergus, about the year 559. For the direction of his disciples, Comgall drew up a particular rule, which was reckoned among the principal ones observed in Ireland. The number of pei-sons who placed them- selves under this holy abbot Wiis so great, that it became necessary to establish various cells and monasteries, in which, it is said, three thou- sand monks were superintended by him. Among them is mentioned Cormac, king of south Leinster, who, in his old age, repaired to Bangor, and there closed his days. The reputation of this monastery was very much enhanced by the fame of some eminent men, who were educated under the holy abbot of Bangor, particularly Columbanus, one of the greatest men of his age, and the celebrity of whose virtues spread throughout Europe. St. Comgall observed and followed the liturgy, which St. Patrick intro- duced into Ireland, and which was called the " Cursus Scotorura." It is related that in the seventh year after the foundation of Bangor, he went to Britain, wishing to visit some saints, and to remain there some time, and that he established a monastery in that country, called Ileth. Comgall visited St. Coluraba, in one of the western islands. lie is said to have contributed to the convereion of Brideus, king of the northern Picts. Having returned to Ireland, he continued to govern his monas- tery, and its dependencies, until his death, which occurred on the 10th of May, A.D. 601, after having received the holy viaticuii; from St. Fiachra, abbot of Conbhail, and afterwards of Clonard. This eminent Baint has been justly placed among the fathers of the Irish church. A.D. 605, died the holy abbot Beogna. In the same year died hia successor, Syllan. A.D. 674, the abbey was destroyed by fire. A.D. 812, the Dunes burned the town and abbey. A.D. 818, they again plundered it, putting the abbot and his monks to death, and breaking open the rich shrine of St. Comgall. A.D. 919, died the abbot Mainach, esteemed the most learned writer of the Irish. A.D. 1120, Malacliy O'Moore, in the twonty-tifth year of his age was placed over this abbey. St. Malachy built an oratory of wood at Bangor. On being pro- moted to the see of Connor, he appointed Malachy, brother to Christian, the abbot of Mellifont, to succeed him in the government of Bangor abbey. A.D. 1380. In a parliament held this year, it was enacted that no mere rriHl-n.".!! should bo suffered to make his profoosiou in this abbey SXXJLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. m "William O'Dorman was the last abbot. Its possessions were very extensive ; somcj of which were granted to Gerald, earl of Kildare. The Fianciscans of the third order obtained possession of the abbey of Bangor, in the year 1469, according to the direction of Pope Paul II. Tlie Black Abbey, called the abbey of St. Andrew de Stokea, two miles north of Ballyhalbert, in the great Ardes. Sir John de Courcey founded, A.D. 1180, this abbey for Benedictines. King David was not permitted to build the temple of Jerusalem be- cause he was a man of blood. The guilt of sacrilege did not stain the breast of the pious psalmist, and yet the Almighty would not accept the erection of a temple to his honor, at his hands, but reserved it to the reign of Solomon, whose hands were not polluted with human gore. By the enactments of 1380, no mere Irishman was permitted to make his profession in this abbey. In the sixteenth century, this priory and its possessions, consisting of eleven carucates of land, were seized by the O'Neils, on whose rebel- lion, as the English call it, the abbey, «tc., became vested in the crown, and King James I. granted them to Viscount Clandeboys ; they were afterwards assigned to the Lord Ardes, and eventually to the see of Armagh. Ciistle-Buy, in the Ardes, near the Lough of Strangford. Hugh de Lacie founded this commander/ for the knights Templar, in the twelfth century ; the building is now a heap of ruins. Tlie family of Echliu possess several townlands in freehold, and a manor court, which belonged to this establishment. Thus we find the plunderers of England expiating, or strivin'^ to atone the huge robberies which they committed, not only on the native proprietors, but also on the clergy of Ireland. Theii-s has been the merit, as reformci-s of the Irish church, to invent this aristocratic mode of redeeming sins and obtaining forgiveness from Heaven. It u no wonder that the Almighty avenger has permitted their destruction in the sixteenth century, as they were the oblations of men, whose hands and hearts were reeking in blood. Cluain-daimli, according to Archdall, had for its abbot a St. Mochoe- moe. Among the disciples of St. Carthag, of Lismoro, there are three of that name mentioned : one, the son of Vairt, another the sou of Cuaith, and a third, who after-t-ards became a bishop. Cumber, in the barony of Oastlereagh. Bryan Catha Dun, from whom the O'Noila of Clandeboys, are descended, built this abbey in honor of the Virgin Mary, and supplied it with juouka of tiie Cistercian order, from the abbey of Alba-landa, in Wales. The founder was 4ia SCCT-ESrASTICAL HISTORY OF lEELAUD. Blaiu about the year 1201, by Sir John de Courcey, who signalized Lim- 8elf by alternate acts of* piety, revenge, and reparation. Jolin O'Mulligan was the last abbot, and he voluntarily resigned, i.e. forced to resign, A.D. 1543. Down-Patrick, a market and borough town. Founded by Saint Patrick. A.D. 584; died the bisliop Fergus, ^n the 30th of March. A.D. 785, died the abbot Dimgal, the son of Lasgair. A.D. 940, the Danes plundered and burned the town. A.D. 1111, the Danes repeated their attacks. A.D. 1183, the secular canons were removed by Sir John de Courcey, who placed therein Benedictines from the abbey of Chester. Sir John, in the midst of victory and plunder, made several grants to this abbey, for the spiritual benefit of liis deceased relatives, his own, and of his faithful servants, who should die in his wars of plunder an'' massacre. A.D. 1185, the bodies of Saints Patrick, Columbkille, and Brisrid were discovered in this abbey, with the following epitapli written over them : — " Hi tres in Duno tumulo tumulantur in uno, Brigida, Patricias, atque Columba pius." A.D. 1186, the translation of tliose relics took place. A portion of St. Patrick's were brought to Armagh. St. Columba had been buried in Ily, but tlie shrine in which In's relics were preserved Avas brought to Ireland, Feradach, the son of Cormiic, being then abbot of Ily, lest they should fall into the hands of tlie Danes, and were deposited in Down, about tlie year 876 or 878, and whither also were those of Saint Bridget ..onveyed from Kildare, by, it is supposed, the abbot Kellach, who died, A.D. 8G5. As it was generally believed that the bodies of the three saints were in Down, Malacliy, its bishop, and the second of that name, was in the habit of praying frequently to God, that he would vouchsafe to point out the particular place in which they were deposited. At length, while praying on a certain night in the cathedral of Down, he saw a light, like unto a sun-beain, travei-sing the church, and stopping at the spot where the bodies were entombed. Imme- diately procuring the necessary implements, he dug, and found the bones of the three bodies, which he then put into distinct coffins, and replaced them in their former positions. Having in' rmed John de Courcey, then lord of Down, of the event, they determined on sending messengers to Pope Urban III., in order that their removal to a more respectable part of the church would be ai)proved. The Pontiff acceded to the wishes of the bishoo and d» ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORT OF IRELAND. 413 Courccy, sent as his legate, Vivian, cardinal priest of St. Stephen on the Celian Mount, who had been nine years previously at Down, and who was well acquainted with the bishop of Down and de Courcey. On his arrival, the relics were removed, with the usual solemnities, to a more distinguished part of the church, on the 9th of June, the festival of St. Cohunba, and deposited in one monument. At the translation, besides :he cardinal legate, there were present fifteen oishops, together with abbots, provosts, dea'is, archdeacons, prioi-s, &c., and it was resolved that the anniversary of the translation should be celebrated as a festival on the day of its occurrence, and that the feast of Saint Cnlumba should be in future observed on the 17th of June. A.D. 1316, Edward Bruce, with his Scotch troops, destroyed the abbey. A.D, 1380, no mere Irishman was allowed to profess in this abbey. John Koss was prior; he was succeeded by John Cely, Tlioir acta noticed in the bishops of Down. A.D. 1538, the lord deputy Groy burned tlie church, defaced the monuments of SS. Patrick, Columbkille, and Brigid, and was guilty of many other sacrilegious acts. The prior of this house sat as a baron in parliament, (xerald, earl of Kildare, obtained a grant of its vast possessions. The prior;y stood near tlie towi,, on the ascent of a hill, and though in ruins, is still venerable. The roof was supported by .'Ive handsome arches, which composed a centre aisle of twenty-six feet in bread <^h, two lateral or side ones of thirteen feet each, and in length one hundred. Tlie heads of the pillars and arches, tops of the windows, and many niches in the walls, were adorned with a variety of sculptures. At the east end is a very lofty and magnificent window, and over it are three niches, in which were placed the statues ol SS. Patrick, Columba, and Brigid. Adjoining the east end of the church are two squr • ■ columns, in one of which was a winding stairf'.:je leading to the roof. Priory of Regular Canons, called that of the Irish, was founded by St. Malachy O'Moore, in the year 1138. William was prior. Martin succeeded, and was prior in 12G0. A.D. 1270, William Rede, the prior, resigned. The site and precincts, with its possessions, were granted to Gerald, earl of Kildare. Crossbearers, the priory of John the Baptist, called that of the Eng lish, was founded by Sir John de Courcey, in the twelfth century-, for the order of Ci'ossbearers. A.D. J 210, W illiara was prior, and a subscribing witness to Sir John 414 B0CLE8IA8TICAL HISTOEr OF IRELAND. ill Ik do Coureey'H cliarter to the Black Abbey. Sir John himself surren- dered life in this year. The prior, William Rufus, was deposed in the year 1293. AD. 1380, John was prior before this year. ^ This priory, witli all its possessions, was granted to Gerald, earl of Kildare, who must certainly have been a special favorite with the sacri- legiona plunderers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. An abbey «f Cistercians was founded by a member of the Bagnal family, in the twelfth century, of which nothing more is known. Franciscan Friary, founded, according to some accounts, by Hugh de Lacey, in the year 1240, and to others, by Africa, wife to Sir John de Courcey. It passed into the hands of the Strict Observants in the time of Thomaa MacCominde, the warden, and Patrick Keavin, the minister provincial. A provincial chapter of the order was held in this abbey A.D. 1318. This monastery, with its possess? is, wsis granted to Gerald, earl of Kildare. Tlie Leper's Hospital was dedicated to St. Nicholas, and was, with that of St. Peter, at Kilclief, on the 20th of April, U13, granted, in custody-, to John Young, John Molyn, and Walter Celey, with all tiioir lands, tenementa, and appurtciiancos : to hold the same as long as they would continue in his majesty's possession, being then in the hands of the king, for certain causes. Dromore, a bishop's seat. A market town and manor, in the barony of Iveagh. Saint Colman, the founder.— (See diocese of, &c.) A.D. 841, died tlw abbot Kellacli, son of Caitginus. A.D. 903, died the abbot Connac. A.D. 972, died the abbot Maelbrigid. Drumboe, in the burony of Castle reagh. St. Mochnmma is said to have been the abbot of this house about the beginning of the seventh century. A.D. lUO, Connor, eon of Artgal MacLoghlin, plundered this obbey. Its few remains show it to linve been forty-five feet in length and twenty broad. Here 8t.ind« an ancient routul tower, thirty-five feet in height, forty-seven in circumference, and nine in the diatiieter. Dundnim, in the barony of Lecalo. Sir John do Courcey erected this castle for knights Tom[tIar. Tlie reversion of this liouse and manor was granted to (Jorald earl of Kildare. This ciwtle was granted to the family of the Magennia, and on fhoir forfeiture thereof, it became the property of the oarl of Ardglass, und EOOLE8U9TICAL HISTORy OF IRELAND 415 afterwards of Lord Vi8Count Blundell. Tlie niina are ot m irregular multangular form, with a fine round tower, thirty-iive feet diameter in the interior. Ervnach-Carrig. Here is a Well, dedicated to St. Finnian. It is situated in the barony of Liecale. Near the well, Magnell Makenlefe, king of Ulster, founded, on th« 8th of September, A.D. 112(5, an abbey for Benedictines, and called it " Carrig," because built on a rock. Evodius was the first abbot. On the day of his decease ho is said to have ordered that his corpse should le interred in tiie peninsula of Ennis, predicting that the abbey ot Can-ig would be destroyed. Odo, De Vinci us, and John, : .ceded in the government of this abbey ; but iu the incumbency o( John it was given to the Cister- cians, and made filial to the abbey of Furness, in Lancashire. At the conquest of Ulster, John de Courcey totally demolished this house, it havi.ig been conv cd into a fortification against him. Iu expiation of his sacrilege, he toundeil an abbey at Iniscourcey. In 1187, John de Courcey, returning from an expedition in Con- nauglit, was oi)posed by Connor Maenmoigi, the eldest son of Roils. The statue of Africa, the foundress, was carved in stone, - tho gospel side of the high altar. The building was large and magn ..ent ; the east window of tho church is a noble (Juthic design, of Uiroo cojn' parfiiients, each being six feet wide ami upwards of twenty in height. On the north and south walls ..ii each side of the altar is a large win- dow of free-stone, neatly carved, and of (he same breadth v, Hii tho eastern window. The cells, dormitory, &c., are all in niius. Hollywood, on the bay of Carrickfergus. Tho Franciscans of tho third order dwelt in this abbey. The fonnril, 1014. On that day the piou^ monarch of Ireland would luivo avoided fighting, but left no alternative, as the Danes insisted, he resolved ou '■w^m-' ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 421 the defence of the rights of his country and religion. Holding a cru- cifix in his left hand, and a sword in his right, the monarch rode through the ranks, with his son M ragh, encouraging his army to ter- minate forev.r the oppressions of those tyrants and usurpei-s who had comniiLted so many cruelties and sacrileges in Irelan<1, so that the me- morable day on which Clirist shed his blood on the altar of the cross, in expiation of our sins, should be the last of their power in the kingdom, and declaring his readiness to sacrifice his life in so holy and righteous a cause. As soon as the engagement began, Maelseachlin, with his men • of Month withdrew, and continued as mere spectatore of the battle. Notwitlistanding their inactivity and defection, Brian and his faithful trooi)s, who heroically fought from sunrise until the close of the day, gained a complete victory, which shall be ever memorable in the annals of Ireland. According to one account, the Ostmen or Danes, between killed and wounded, h.f thirteen thousand men, and the .people of Leinster, who joined the Danes, three thousand. The thousand Danes who wore coats of mail, are ' to have been cut to pieces, witl. their leaders, Charles and Henry, xJolat and Conmaol. Among the slain were also Brodar, and two Danish princes of Dublin, with Maelmurry, king of Leinster! The victory, however, was' dearly purchased : for besides a great num- ber of the Irish forces, Brian, the monarch, Morogh, his son, and Tur- logh, his grandson, fell in this memorable contest, together with many chieltains of Munster and Con naught. The monarch was slain in the 8Sth year of his age, and Morogh in the 63d. Dublin. Abbey of the Virgin Mary. The foundation of this cele- brated monastery is attributed to the Danes, on their conversion to Christianity, about 948 ; by others it is ascribed to the Irish princes. It was inhabited at first by Benedictines. The fii^t abbot, James, died on the nth of March ; the year of his death is not recorded. The year of the foundation, 948, which some assert to have been the date thereof can scarcely be admitted. It was assuredly in existence in the eleventh century. A.D. 1113, died the abbot Michael, on the 19th of February. A.D. 1131, died the abbot Evcrard, who was a Dane. A.D. 1139, this abbey was granted to the Cistercians, through the influence of St. Malachy O'Mooro, who was the personal friend and ad- mirer of St. Bernard, under whose care Malachy placed some Irish youths, to be instructed in the discipline, whicli was observed at Clair '-*-*—- ■ *,; ^ ^ »»-?tift»*i. On the ITtli of June, 1540, an annual pension of £50 Irish was granted to William Laundy, the lost abbot, at which period one thou- tfW Ui 423 K0CLE8IA8TI0AL HISTOB/ OF XBELAOT). Si : « i « n f H i' 1 1 1 sand nine hundred and forty-eight acres, parcel of its property situated in the counties of Dublin and Meath, had boen confiscated. A con- siderable part of its possessions had been granted to Maurice, earl of Thoraond, and to James, earl of Desmond. In 1543, the abbey was granted to James, earl of Kildare, on con- dition and under pain of forfeiture, should he or his heirs attempt at any time to confederate with the Irish. How fortunate for the Irish that the keys of heaven have been entrusted to the disinterested keep- ing of St. Peter ? The abbey was, however, in the twenty-fourth of Elizabeth, pre- sented to Thomas, earl of Ormond, in common soccage, at the annual rent of five shillings Irish. Tlie abbot of St. Mary's sat as a baron in parliament. Princes, pre- lates and nobles enriched it with their bequests. Not a vestige of this once magnificent abbey remains ; the site of which is at present covered over with the habitations of traders and artizans. Tliere was a beautiful image of the Virgin and Child in her arms, in tliis abbey. Priory of the Holy Trinity, commonly called Christ church. Sitric, the Danish prince of Dublin, is said to have given Donatus, the bishop of that see, a site on wliicli to erect a church in honor of the blessed Trinity. Tlie year of the grant is marked in the " black book" of Christ church as taking place, A.D. 1033. On the advancement of St. Lawrence O'Toole ti the see of Dublin, A.D. 1103, he instituted the canons regular of the order of Arras, in- stead of the secular canons. A.D. 1176 died Richard, earl of Pembroke, called Strongbow, of a cancerous sore in his leg, and war interred in the church of the Holy Trinity, within sight of the holy cross. A.D. 15-16, the tomb of a bishop wlio had been many centuries in- terred, was this year opened ; the body was found whole and uncor- ruptcd, witli a gold chalice, rings, and episcopal vestments. Relit- religiously preserved in tliis chin-ch : — A crucifix, said to have spoken ; the staiF of Jesus ; St. Patrick's altar ; a tliorn of our Sa- viour's crown ; part of tlie Virgin Mary's girdle ; some of the bones of SS. Peter and Andrew ; a few of those of tlie holy martyrs — St. Clement, St. Oswald, St. Faith, the abbot P>rendan, St. Tliomas a Becket, St. Wool- stan, bishop of Worcester, and St. Lawrence O'Toole, all of which have been destroyed by the English reformers of the sixteenth and seven- teenth centuries, in detestation of popery and idolatry. Tlio cl.iistere and otlier buildings, attached to this magnificent church, have been removed ; the church alone remains, reminding the ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0EY OF IBELAND. 42B pre- epectator of the splendor of ancient days, and of the piety and faith of the Catholic church, as exemplified in works of art and architectural taste. The court-yard and the aisles of Christ church are at present no- thing more than the promenade of the idle and the curious. Nunnery of St. Mary de Hogges. In the year 1146, Dermot Mac Murchard, king of Leinster, founded thip convent for Augustinian nuns, in a village called " Ilogges," adjoining the east end of the city of Dublin. Gregory, of Dublin, and Malachy, primate of Ireland, were directoi-s of the building, and generous benefactora to it. In the year 1 151, the royal founder subjected the cell of Kilclehin, in the county of Kilkenny, and that of Athaddy, in Carlow, to this house. "Oighe," in the Irish language, means a virgin, and hence it is likely the village took its name from the nunnery. Into this con- vent no lady was admitted until she completed her thirtieth year of age. After the arrival of the English in Ireland, a plot was formed by the natives against them, and many of the English having repaired to this convent, the nuns secreted them. King John, so pleased with their ex- emplary humanity, on coming to Ireland, rebuilt their nunnery, and annexed thereto many chapels and livings. The lady abbess, Matilda, died the 20th of March ; the year of her decease is not recorded. The lady Rossia was abbess. On her death license was granted^ April 9th, 1277, to tlie nuns to proceed to an election. Tlic lady Mary Guidon, was the last abbess. December Ist, sixth of King Edward VI., this abbey, with its ap- purtenances, was granted forever to James Sedgi-ave, at the annua, rent of eleven shillings and eight pence. St. Sepulchre. It is supposed that the knigiits Templar had a priory in a place called Casgot, in the south suburbs of the city, and tlmt Walter de Fernsficld was a great benefactor to it : it was probably where the palace of the arclibislinp now stands in St. Kevin's street. Nunnery of St. Mary los Dames, without the east gate of the city, which was thence called the gate of St. Mary, and the avenue leading from the castle to the univei-sity, obtained tlic name of Dame-street. In 1487, Lambert Sininell, supported by many of the nobles, was crowned king in the priory of the Holy Trinity, by the name of Ed- ward. The crown used on this occasion was borrowed from the statuo of the blessed Virgin, whicli stood in this nunnery. vxeorge i^-rowne, ".vlio '.vaa tae sertismatjcul and horotical bishop of Duldin, united this church to that of St. Werburgh. The abbey of St. Oluvo. King Henry II. having granted the city ,.s 424 ECCLESIASTICAL IIISTOBY OF IKELAXD. of Dublin to a colony from Bristol, this monastery was built by tliem for such of their countrymen as would be inclined to embrace the order of St. Augustine, and called it from the abbey of the same order ui.d na-me in their native town. It stood in Castle-street, where was erected die house of Sir James Ware. Part of the possessions of this monastery was granted to Edmond Darcey, of Jordanstown, to hold the same for the term of thirty years, at the annual rent of one pound five shillings, Irish money. Monastery of Witeschan, of which there is but slight mention made ii ',v:i9 ^.icuate .in the west part of Dublin, passing from the cathedral of St, Patrick through the Coombe, to the pool of the house of St, Thomas the martyr. There was an order of friars de penitentia,' who were also called the sac I'riars, Tiielr origin was in the year 1245, and their arrival in Ire- land took place in 1268, Tlie order did not long survive; it was con- demned in England in 1307, and its houses passed into other hands ; and in 1311, the council of Vienne condemned the order everywhere. This monastery of Witeschan may have been of that order. Priory of AH- Hallows, or All-Saints, founded A.D. 1166, for canons of the order of Aroasia, by Diarmod MacMurchard, king of Leinster, now called College-green. Stroiigbow, the ravager of other shrines and monasteries, was a great benefactor to this abbey. A.D. 1174, died Milo de Cogan, another benefactor. A.D. 1380, it was enacted by parliament that no mere Irishman should be jiermitted to make his profession in this house. A.D. 15-48, died Walter llandcock, the last prior. The prior of this moniistery sat as a lord in parliament. Tlie prior was seized of a castle and divers edifices within the pre- cincts thereof, and eight acres of arable land, and all its appurtenances, near Wingates, and adjacent to the lands belonging to the college of Maynooth, in the county of Kildare ; and of divers messuages and one thousand acres of arable land, seven hundred of pasture, one hundred of wood, and two hundred of moor, with their appurtenances, &c., all of whichwere granted to the city of Dublin, at tiie yearly rent of £4 48. Ojd. Irish money. The univei-sity of Dublin is erected on the site of this monastery ; the city of Dublin having granted the priory for this purpose, at the persuasion of Loflus, the queen's bishop of that see. Tlie abbey of St. Thomas was founded in the part of Dublin (tailed Tliomas-court) for canons of St. Victor, by William Fitz Adebn, butlor to King Henry II. A.D. 1174. About this time Simon was abbot. EC0LE8USTICAI. mSTOBT OF rRKLAND. 425 A.D. 1200, Walter de Lacy, son of Hugh, the conqueror of Meath, confirmed his father's benefoctions to this abbey. A.D. 1205, the contest which arose between this abbey and that of BectifF, in the counly of Meath, concerning the right to the body of Hugh do Lacy, was determined in favor of St. Thomas's. A.D. 1326, Stephen Tyrrel was abbot. A.D. 1354, John Walsh was abbot. A.D. 1 380, the parliament of the English pale enacted, that no mere Irishman should make profession in this abbey. A.D. 1505, Walter Walsh was abbot. A.D. 1529, James Cotterell was abbot. A.D. 1534, Henry Dutfe was abbot. In July, 1538, he made a sur- render of the abbey and its possessions. On tlie 10th of September an annual pension of forty-two pounds was granted to him, and to his pre- decessor, James Cotterell, a pension of £10. The abbot of this house was a baron of parliament. Henry VHI. granted a portion of the possessions of this abbey to William Brabazon, Esq., forever, at the annual rent of 18s. 6d. sterling. This ancestor of the earl of l\[eat!. obtained more grants of those possessions from King Henry, at the yearly rent of £i 4s. lid. In the 2 , th of Queen Elizabeth, a grant was made to Anthony Deeringe, of large possessions belonging to tlIi^ abbey,— one at IGs. 8d., Irish money, another at 20s. Irish, and a third at £4 148. 4d., all in the county of Meath, to be held by him and his heirs forever. By an inquisition taken the 16th of January, 1625, it was found that Henry Harrington, knight, was seized of some of its possessions, at the viilua of Ts., besides reprizes. Priory of St. John the Baptist, was situated without the west gate of the city. Ailreil le Palmer, about the end of the twelfth century, founded this hospital for the sick. Jolm Comyn, the first English archbishop of Dublin, Leonard, rUibot of St. Macy Simon, prior of St. Thomas, and Duvenald, prior of All Saints, wore the witnesses of the act. The founder assumed the oflico of prior. A.D. 1216, Pope Innocent HI. granted to Henry, the archbishop, the patronage of this priory. A.D. 1308, John Docer, mayor of Dublin, built the chapel of St. Mary, in this hos])itaI. A.D. 1322. .John Walsh wns prior. A.D. 1323, John ^^nextifi'o was prior. A.D. 1331, Prijr William was appointed lord chancellor of Ireland. 426 ECCLE8U8TICA1 mSTOBT OF IR£LAin>. ft 'ft (.11 { 8 ' 1542, a pension was granted to Sir Thomas Everard, the late prior, of fifteen pounds annually. In this house was an infirmary, which contained fifty beds for the sick. Tlie hoiises, site and possessions, together with the priory of St. John the Baptist, near Drogheda, were granted to James Sedgrave, merchant of Dublin, at the yearly rent of 2s. 6d., who advanced tlie sum of £1078 15s. 8d. to the plunderers. In the 35th of King Henry VIII., tliis religious houre was granted to Maurice, earl of Thomond, at the tine of £14: ISs. 8d., Irish ; and in the sixth of Edward VI. it was granted, with houses and lands, &•;., to James Sedgrave, forever, at the annual rent of fifteen shillings. The friary of St. Saviour, on the north bank of the river Liflfey, near the old bridge, and now called " king's mns." Tliis house was founded between the years 1202 and 1218, by "Wil- liam Marcschall, the elder, earl of Pembroke, for the health of Ids soul, and that of his wife, Albinus, bishop of Ferns, who exposed the infa- mies of English ecclesiastics, at the synod held in Christ church \inder John Comyn, and Hugh, bishop of Ossory, being the witnesses of the charter. This house was founded for Cistercians. But tlie Dominicans coming into Ireland, A.D. 1224, the monks of St. Mary's gave it to accom- modate them o') condition that they should yearly, on the feast of the na- tivity oflfer a iiglited taper at the abbey of St. Mary, as an acknowledge ment, that this monastery did originally belong to the Cistercian order. A.D. 1238, this church was dedicated to St. Saviour. A.D. 1264, Friar John was appointed master of tlie order. A.D. 1281, .eneral chaptei-s of the order were held here. A.D. 1304, the church was consumed by an accidental fire. A.D. 1308, John le Decer was mayor of Dublin in this year ; he was remarkably liberal to this monastery . On the sixth day in every week he entertained the trial's of this house at his own table. A.D. 1300, Richard Balbyn, who ha.l been some time minister of this order in Ireland, Philip de Slane, lecturer of the order, and Friar Hugh were appointed commissioners on the trial of the knights Tem- plar. A.D. nifi, on the approach of Edward Bruce, with his army, the citizens of Dublin destroyed the church of this friary, converting its materials to tlie building of the city walls, towards the quay. Tlie king, Edward II. commanded the mayor and citizens of Dublin to re- store tlie cliurch to its former state. A.D. 1328, the lord Arnold Poer, who was accused of heresy, died this year, in the castle of Dublin, and lay a long time unburiod in this monastery. ECCSUE8USTICAL HI8T0ET OF IBELAITD. 43T A.D. 1361, on St. Maur'a day, the steeple of this church was do- etroyecl by a violent tempest. -. ^ last priov, Patrick Hay, surrendered to the royal commissioners, aur' quitted the monastery. Sir Thomas Cusack was granted its possessions in the county of M* ',h, consisting ol one hundred and twenty acres, with s' . messuages; a.ic'. again, in the twentieth of Elizabeth, the convent, with divers pro- jerMes in the city of Dublin, was given to Gerald, earl of Ormond, for- ever, in free soccage, at the yearly rent of 20s. Irish money. The friars of this house were eminent promoters of literature, in those days, and in the year 1421 established a school of philosophy and divinity on TIsher's-island ; on this occasion it was, that they succeeded in erecting a bridge over the Lifte^', since known as the " Old Bridge." The Dominicans of Dublin are now engaged in erecting a new and splendid monastery. Monastery of St. Francis was erected in the year 1235, Ealph le Porter having given the site in that part of the city now called Francis ptreet, and King Henry HI. patronizing the building. A.D. 1293, King Edward I. granted a pension of thirty five marcs yearly to the Franciscans of Dublin, Waterford, Cf-rk, Limerick, and Drogheda. A.D. 1308, John le Decer, mayor of Dublin, built a chapel in this monastery, in honor of the Virgin Mary. A.D. 1309, Roger do Heton, guardian of the order in Dublin, and Walter de Prendergast, lecturer of the same, wtre witnesses against the knights Templar. A proviiica. chapter was held in this year in the monaiitery of St. Francis. A.D. 1332, died their generous benefactor John lo Decer, and was in- terred in this monastery. In the twenty-fourth of Henry VIII., tlie convent, with its appurtenances, four houses in Francis-street, and six acres of meadow near Clondalkin, was granted to Thomas Stcpliens, to be held, in capite, forever, at the anTiual rent of 2s. Irish. Tlie Franciscans are again established in Dublin, and have erected a Bplendid church on Merchant's-quay. Monastery of tlie Holy Trinity was founded about the year 1259, for Augustinian friars, by a member of the Talbot family, and on the site of the street now called Crow-street. This convent was a general col- lege ^or the brethren of that institute in Ireland. A.D. 1309, Roger was prior; and a witness agoinst the knights Templar. A.D. 1359, John Babe was prior and vicar-general of his order. In tlie thirty-fourth of Henry VIU. it was granted together witli ten 438 EC!CLE8IaSTICAL HISTORY CF IRELANI. houses, three orclmrds and ten gardens in the parish ')f St. Andrew, four acres and a park of six acres near College-gi-een, two houses and gar- dens in Patrick-strfet, three houses and three gardens in tlie parish of St. Michan, and ninety-three acres in Tobberboyne, to Walter Tyrrel forever, at the annual rent of six shillings Irish. Tlie abbey of Carmelite or Whire friare. In the year 1^78, the Car- melite friars represented to King Edward I., tlu-t, by several grants of Eog->r Owen, James de Berminghan-, and Fich.^las Bacuir, they had procured a habitation for themselves with certain tenements and other possessions within the city of Dublin, and tliat they pi-oposed to erect thereon a churcli ; the king by writ, dated the 6th of November, com- manded the bailiffs and citizens of Dublin to permit the friara to inhabit the said place and Vuild Jieir ciiurch without let or hindrance. Tiie citizens obsstinately opposed the friai-s, shewing the many incon- veniences, that would arise iiom their petition. Be'.ng thus defeated, the Carmelites applied Witii more success to Sir Rubert Eagot, kniglit, chief justice of the king's bench, wlio built a monastery for them in tlie parish of St. Peter, in the south suburbs of the city, on a site which ae purchased from the abbey of Baltinglass, in tlie county of Wicklow. A.D. 1320, John Sugdacus, provincial of tlie Carmelite friara in Ire- land, held a chapter of the order. .£i..D. a833, tlie parliament sat in a liall of this monastery. Among its benefactors were liiclwnd IT., Henry IV. and Henry VI., from whom this house obtained a griuit of 100«. annually, to bo paid out of the customs of the city of Dublin, William Kelly was the last prior, nv ; ,„ ti,e thirty-fourth of Henry VIII. this convent with eleven acres, nine houses, gardens and orchards, was granted to Nicholas Stanehiirst, at the annual rent of 2.h. (hi. It was afterwards conceded by Elizabeth to Francis Amigicr, created baron of Longford, in Juno, 1021. The Carmelites have again et^tabiished themselves in the motropolii of Ireland. Hospital of St. Stephen was situated in the south suburlis of the city, and Mercer's charitable hospital has been erected on the site thereof January 8»)th, 1344, a license was granted to Geoffrey de St. Michael, guardinn of S^ Stephen's, ]>eri>iittiiig him to go to foreign countries for the space of two years. Nothing more known of the e^'HliIishment. Steyne Hospital. Henry de Loundres, arclil»isliop ol Dublin, about the year 1220, founded this hospital in lion(u- of Uod and St. .lames, in this ))lacc BO called, near the city of Diililin, He endowed it with the lands of Kilmachurry, Kilmnlmahnock, Slcwardach and the church of Delgeny. I ECCLE81A8TIOAI, HISTORY OF IBBLAND. 429 Allen's Hospital. Walter, archbishop of Dublin, about the year 1500, granted a space of ground, on which to build a stone house for ten poor men. June 8tli, 1504, John Allen, then dean of St. Patrick's cathedral, founded this liospital for sick poor to be chosen from the families of Allen, Barret, Begge, Hill, Dillon, and Kodier, in the diocese of Dublin and Meath ; and to be good and faithful catholics of good fame and honest conversation; the dean assigned lands for their support and maintenance, and further endowed tlie hospital with a messuage in the town of Duleek, county of Meath. The ibunder died Januaiy the 2d, 1505. Finglass, ir the barony of Castlekuock, two miles north of Dublin. According to Arohdall, this monastery was founded in the early ages ot the Irish Ciuireh, and probably by St. Patrick himself. One would 8uj)pose, that the disciples of St. Patrick were required for the wants of the mission, nor cau it be imagined wliere postulants for admission to all those establishments could bo procured all ut once. Saint Kenicus is called abbot of Fingla.ss ; his festival was observed here on the liith of October. Saint Florentius, who^e feast is observed on tlie 2l8t of January, according to Arclidall, is buried in Pinglass. There is a St. Ficrentius wlio was contem})orary with St. Germain of Paris, who died in 570. Florence wts a priest and an Irishman of great reputation, and whose memory is reveied at Aniboise in France. Dagobert, son of Sigebert, king of Austrasia, had been sent wlien a child, to a monastery in Ireland after his father's death, A.D. 055, by Grimoald, mayor of tlie i)alace. Tlio monastery in which he was placed, is said to luive been that of Slano. D.-.gobert remained in Ireland until about the year <;7!), wIumi he was recalled to his own country and re- ceived a part of Austrasia from C'hil.K ric II. On the death of Chil- deric, ho became sovereign in 074 of all Austrasia, by the name of D>i gobert U., and ruled over that country until lie was assassinated in 679. After his retu.n to Austruhia, we find some distinguished natives of Ire- laud, parliculaily St Argnbast and St. Flnrontius, and who is ditterent, it seems, from the saint of that name revered in Amboise. Argobast was living in a retired numuer at Suraburg, when Jio w.uj raised to the l)ishoprle of Strasburgh about the year fi7;5, by king Diigo- iKjrl. At Suraburgh a thoniwtery wis erwtcd in honor of St. Argobii^t. Being a very holy man, he is mUl to have p..,-w.ssed a considerab!.. Hharo of learning and to have written m..ne ecclesiastical tnicts. St. Argobast died on the 2Ut of July, (57U, and was succooded in the same year by Ills friend and companion St. Florontius. I 480 KOCLE8IA8TIOAL BISTORT OF lEELAND. Florentius took up his abode in the forest of Hasle in Alsace near the place where t' river Bruscha flows from the Vosges. Here was fr.uujed a monastery either by himself or for him by Dagobert, by whom he was greatly esteemed. It is said that he re- stored her sight and speech tr *he daughter of that king. While bishop of Strasburgh, he founded, according to some accounts, the monastery of St. Thomas in that city for Scots or Irish. Having governed the see of Strasburgh eight years, St. Florentius died on the 7th of November, A.D. 687. A.D. 795, died the abbot Dubhlitter, A.D. 865, died Robertach, bishop and chronographer of Finglass. If Dublin had been a see as early as some pretend it to have been it would be absurd to have a bishop at Clondalkin and another us Finglass. Tliere is a remarknMe well at Finglass dedicated to St. Patrick; tradition afflnns that it was formerly celebrated tlirough the miracles wrought there. Glassmore. Saint Mochua is said to have presided over this monas- tery, but without sufficient authority. Grace Dieu, in the barony of Balruddery and tl-ree miles north of Swords. About the year 1190, John Comyn, archbishop of Dublin, removed thither the nunnery of Lusk and dedicated it to the Virgin Mary. He filled it with regiilar canoncsses of St. Augustine, and granted it an endowment. Henry de Loundrea, archbishop of Dublin, added to it the parisli church of Ballyniaddon with tiie chapel thereunto belonging instead of the parish church of St. Audeon given by archbishoj) Con; n. Felicia, anchoritess of liallynmddon, ciainjed an annual rent charge payable by the prioress of Grace Dieu. A.D, 1531, tills nunnery paid £3 6s. 8rf. proxies to the archbishop of Dublin. The extensive possessions of this nunnery were granted forever to Patrick Hnnnvcll, Esq., at the aimual rent of ?4 8#. M. Irish money. The grant was renewed on the 8tli of January, the first of Kdwartl VI. In October, 1577, the prioress was seized of a messuage and eighteen acres of land with divers buildings. Towards the south of said build- ings, the priorcHH and nuns with the chaplain had e small dwelling, and celebrated the divine ofHcen in the parish church of Portrane, all of which were held by Isabella Walsh by a demise from the prioro8« hofon the dis-solution. Many Catholics obtjiined grants of pn)])erty belonging to the mona* terie3, which they religiously reserved for the use of their inmatai. ECCLESIASTICAL mSTORY OF IRELAND. 4^1 Ilolmpatrick. Sitrick, the son of Murchard, founded a pnory for canons regular in Innis Patrick. Tlie blessed Maelfinan, son of Flannagan, prince of the Bregii, -v signing his tlirone, became a monk in this abbey ; was afterwards abbot, and died in 898. A.D. 1148, Gelasius, archbishop of Armagh, and Malachy, apostolic legate, held a synod in this abbey, at which fifteen bishops, two hun- dred priests, and several others of the clergy were present. Its insular situation being very inconvenient, Henry de Loundres, archbishop of Dublin, removed it to Holm-Patrick, on the sea-side, four- teen miles north of Dublin. Its ruins are still visible ou the island. A.D. 1280, Adam was prior. A.D. 1360, Stephen was prior. A.D. 1383, the prior, Stephen Drake, being dead, the temporals were seized by the king. Proof being furnished by John Randolph, the newly-elected prior, that the founder was Sitric MacMurchard, they were restored. A.D. 1531, the priory paid to the archbishop of Dublin, the sum of two pounds, thi.teen shillings and fourpence aa proxies. Peter Munne was the last prior. Tlie extensive possessions of this monastery were granted, on the IGth of October, twentieth of Queen Elizabeth, to n»omus FitzWilliams. Innis-Patrick— same as Ilolmpatrick— now called Ireland's eye. Innis MacNessain, the Micient name, is a small rocky island to tho north of the hill of Ilowth. The book of the four Gospels, called tho (tarland of Ilowth, was preserved in this island, of which archbishop Alien of Dublin, says, " Tluxt book is held in so much esteem and vene- ration, that good men scarcely dare to take an oath on it, for fear ot the judgments of God being immediately snev u on !»o»»« who would ftvnswenr themselves." Tlie ruina of the church of tho sons of Ncdsan still rt.uain on the south side < fthe island. See Mungret, county limerick. KilmaiMliam, iMijc.iuiiig tho city of Dublin, ou the south jido, ii,i'!iontIy called Kill-Magiu'iid. St. Magnendus was aLbr- of this mo- niiBfory, in the oarly part of the seventh rentury ; ' !- i jid to bo the son of Aldus, prince of Orgiel who died A.D. ('"( .lie nana ol" St. Magneiid occtirn in the Irish calondai-s at tho !8th o«' December. Priory of Kilnuiinham, undjr tlia invocatioi, of St. John the baptist, was founded about tlie year 11-4, for knights Tts.:,,iiir, by Kiclmrd Strofigbow, earl of Poinbroko, or btrigul. liiv; Henry H. confiriuaU ills act. Hugh do Cloghall was tho fiiut prior. nil i 432 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORT OF IRELAND. A.D. 1205, Maurice de Prendergast was prior. A.D. 1231, John de Callan was prior, A.D. 1274, the prior, WiUiam Fitz Roger was made a prisoner, with eeveral others, by the Irish at Glendelory, when many of the friars were slain. A.D. 1301, William de Rosse was prior. lie was also lord deputy of Ireland. In 1302, William was chief justice. A.D. 1307, Walter de Aqua was prior. In this year the Templars were everywhs^re seized. Gerald, fourth son of Maurice, lord of Kerry, was the last grand prior of that order in Ireland. In the space of one hundred and twenty-six years, during their in- stitution, to the time in which the order was suppressed, the knights Templar were in possession of 16,000 lordsliii)s. Their lands and pos- Bessions of every kind were bestowed on the knights of St. John of Je- rusalem, by the Pope, the king confirming the grant. In England, many of the knights Templar were committed to monasteries, with a daily allowance to each of four pence, and to the grand master of two shillings, daily ; the chiii)lain3 were allowed three pence daily, and to their servants the sum of two pence were given ; and for this allowance they were to i)ort(>rm the former services they had before done for the Temi>lars, while their lands were in their pos- BOssion. It is probable tliat the same mode of treatment was adopted in Ire- land by the minisfci-a of the c v This priory, which was to the knights of the order of St. John, became an hos])ital : reception of guests and strangers, totally excluding the sick and ...linn, who had admission before this change. It became exomi)t from all ordinary jiirisdictinn. A.D. 13 IT), William do Ross was probably the lii>it prior. A.D. 131(5, Roger Outlaw was prior. A.D. 1321, Roger Outlaw, the prior, was lord chancellor of Ireland. A.D. 1327, Roger continued prior and lord cliai.ccllor. A.D. 1328, Roger was accused of heresy by Richard Ledred, bishop of Oss.try. On onciuiry made ho was honorably acijuitted. A.D. 1333, Roger was prior. A.D. Io40, Hoger was prior and chancellor; ho died this year;— Is H'corded as an upright and prudent num., who by care and the especial favor and license i)f the king, had procniod many htnds, churches, and rentK for hin order. A.D. 1340, J(»hn Marshall succeeded, iw prior. A.D. 1341, John le Archer was prior und lord chancellor '>f Ireland. EOCLE8IA8TICAI- H18T0EY OF IRKLAND. 433 A.D. 1349, John continued in his offices. A.p. 1479, James Keating was prior. In consequence of mal- administration he was deprived by tlie grand master of Rhodes, Peter Daubussen, who appointed Marmaduke Lomley, an Englishman, of a noble family, to succeed. Having landed at ClontarF, a commandery of the order, Keatinge, hastened thither with a body of armed men, took Lomley prisoner, and detained him in close confinement until he had resigned all the instruments of his election and confirmation. Lonj- ley protesting against the violence that was offered to his person. An account of those violent proceedings being forwarded to the king, and to the grand master at Rhodes, Keating, enraged at the sentence of excommunication which was pronounced against himself, expelled Lomley from the commandery of Kilsaran, which he liad be- fore assigned him, and threw him into prison, accusing the unfortunato Lomley as the cause of those troubles. The archbishop of Armagh strenuously, but in vain, strove to liberate him. Lomley died, as ap- pears in an act of the tenth of Henry VIL, of a broken heart. Keating was at length dislodged, having kept f.ircible possession of the hospital u!itil 1491, and ended his factious life, as is supposed, in the most abject poverty and contempt. Keating having alienated the property of the hospital, it was en- acted, in 1494, that all persons who ^^liould have in their custody any relic of the holy cross, jewel, or ornament belonging to the priory of Kilm.iiuham, pUdged by Keating, should be restored to the present prior, James Wall, who was directed to pay the money for which the said relics were sold or pledged. A.D. 1496, Sir Richard Talbot was prior; was displaced in the year 1498, by the grand master. A.D. 1498, Robert Evera was prior; removed in 1591, by the same authority. A.D. 1535, Sir John Rawson, the prior, surrendered to the roval robber. King Uenry VI IL Sir John was created viscount of Clomarf, with a pension of five hundred marcs from the estate of the hospital. A.D. 1557, the prior r.f the hospital was, by autliority of Canlinal Pole, the Pope's legate, whose mother, the countess of Snlis^bury, King Henry VIH. sent to the block, restored to his former ])o.se.wions^ Queen Mary having confirirtcd the act under the givat Real, on the Sth of March. Sir Oswald ALissingherd was nuido prior, who, on the aceos- uion of Queen Klizabefh, wiflulrew from the kingdom. The priory of Kilmainliam, at the disj-olmion, was one of (he moot jpacioim and elegant structures in t! e kingdom. Py an inquisition taken the thirty-second of Henty VIH., the "hosj.ital had three ganlons 434 ECCLESIASTICAL III8T0KY OF IRELAND. ik : 1 . . <4 and an orchard within the wallft, four towers erected on those walls, three other gardens, and an orchard, and two hundred and sixty acres of arable land. Parcels of its possessions were granted to the burgesses and com- monalty of the town of Athenry, in the county of Galway ; another to Anthony Deering, the twentieth of Queen Elizabeth, to hold forever, at the annual rent of I63. Irish money ; and again, in the thirty-sixth of that good Protestant queen, a grant was made to William Browne, to hold to him, and to his heii-s forever, in free soccage, at the annual rent of £57 10s. Kilnais, near Swords, where St. Cumanea is honored. She Is men- tioned as the daughter of Aidus, king of Leinster. The daughtere of this prince were distinguished by their piety, and lived in a nunnery ; their names are given as Ethnea, Sodelbia, and Cumanea. The name of Cumanea does not appear in the calendars. Killsaghlin, in the barony of Castleknock. In the twenty-eighth of Henry VIII., an inquisition was taken in the county of Dublin, of the lands belonging to this monastery. No more account of it is on record. Liisk, in the barony of Balruddory, twelve miles north of Dublin. A.D. 407, St. Culineus or Macciiliuc, was abliot and bishop of Lusk, his feast is there observed on the 6th of Sei)tembcr. A.D. 498, died the bishop Cuynea MacCathmoa. A.D. CIO, died the bishop Potramis. A.D. (lii,), (lied Cassan, tlio loanicd scribe of Lusk. In this year a synod was h ;ld at Lusk. St. AdainnaTius wiis prosent ; it was also at- tended by the principal prelates of the kingdom. There are extant certain decrees, usually called the canons of Adamnan, and which are chiefly relative to some moats improi)er for food, together with a prohi- bition of eating such of them as contain blood, Colga, the son of Moenach, abbot of Lusk, attended the synod. A.D. 734, died the Abbot Conmaole MacColgan. A.D. 781, died tiio abbot Conel or Colgan. A.D. 825, the Diuios destroyeil nnd ravaged this abbey. A.D. 8;iS, died Ferbassach, bishop of Lusk. A.D. 854, the abb(>y and town wore destroyed by firo. A.D. 874, died the bishop Honacta. A.D. 882, died the bishop ^lutran. A.D. 0(»1, died Huadan, bii^hop of Lusk. A.D. 00(1, died flio bishop Cobmin. A.D. 024, Tuathttl MacOcnagan, bishop of Duleeke and Lusk, died. EOCLKSIASTICAL HISTORY OF IBELAin). 435 A.D. 965, died the blessed Ailild, son of Moenach, bishop of Swords and Lusk. Many of the ancient monasteries having been totally demolished and wrecked by the Danes, tlie succession of bishops has been lost and those mmor sees became merged in the greater bishoprics. Many of those ancient monasteries have not been rebuilt, as persons desirous to embrace the monastic state, could enter the establishments of canons regular as well as those o:^ the Benedictine and Cistercian order, which were mtroduced by St. Malachy. The church of Lusk consists of two long aisles di^ided by seven arches ; adjoining the west end, stands a handsome square steeple, three anges of winch are supported by round towers and near to the fourth angle is one of tliose ancient round towera so peculiar to Ireland it is m good preservation, and rises several feet above the battlements of the steeple. Nunnery. Tliis house, which was originally founded for nuns of the order of Aroasia, was afterwards appropriated to the priory of All Saints Dublin, and in the year 1190, it was translated to Grace Dieu by Johr' archbishop of Dublin. The walls, said to have been those of this an-^ cient nunnery, are still to be seen at Lusk. Moortown, considered the same as Glassmore, Mountown, a grange belonging to the priory of tlie Holy Trinity Dublin, •" ralinerstown, in the barony of Newcastle, on the river Liffev and tliree miles west of Dublin. ' ' Itichard, prior of the house of St. Lawrence, near Dublin, sued Regi- nald do Barnovalle and his mother Joan for a freehold in Tyrnower which they held contrary to law. ' A.D. U27, Henry VI. granted the custody of the leper-house, near I almei-stown, to John Waile, to hold the same with all the messua-cs lands and tenements, thereunto belonging at the yearly rent of tlfree fih.lhngs, so long as the same would cmtinuc in his the king's hands Saggard, in the barony of Newcastle, . -d six miles south of Dublui Tins monastery was founded by St. Mosncra, from whom it got the name oi Icglnacra, /. ,. the house of Sacra, the original name of the saint. It W.US afterwards called Tassagaid, and has been still more contracted into '* Saggard." Tl.o^ founder is said to have been of an illustrioue lumilv, and tlie son of Senan; he also governed the monastery of Fi.magh in'Fotharta for Homo time. IIo was one of those abbots, who attended tlio svnod of bt. Adamnan and Flann Febhia, archbishoj- of Armagh, in 695 Tlio 436 ECCLE8IASTICAI< HISTORY OF IREXAND. hi 'I year of his death is not known. The day thereof is marked at the 3d of March. A.D. 1311, Saggard was invaded by the tribes of 0'J3yrne and O'Tuathal. A.D. 1387, a gold ring Avorth forty pounds sterling -,vas found in a field between Rathcoole and Saggard, by John Lawless and his servant John Browne. St. Catherine's, in the barony of ^Newcastle, and near the river LifFey. A priory of canons of the congregation of St. Victor was founded here. Warrisius de Peclie, about the year 1220, for the welfare of his soul and that of Alard FitzWilliam, and also tiiose of his anceatoi-s and suc- cessors, granted to the church of St. Cathariue, near the salmon-leap, the land in Incherathyn, on which the priory was built, and several parcels of land adjacent, with liberty to said canons to build a mill on the river and to make a mill-dam, whenever they should find it conve- nient, lie further granted to them tiie church of Lucan with all its appurtenances. Witnesses whereof Henry, archbitihop of Dublin, Simon, bitiliop of Meath, Peter, bishop of Ossory, and Simon, abbot of St. Tlumia'*, Dublin. John Warrisius was prior, and the lord of Lucan, who was their patron, cnfeoftcd John with lands to enable him to find six chaplains to celebrate divine offices forever in the priory of St. Catharine, for the souls of all his progenitors. Adam de Ilerelbrd, knight and lord of Leixlip, also enfeotl'ed tlie prior John with lauds wherewith to find six chaplains in the said priory to celebrate as the former ones for the same spiritual purpose. A.D. 1323, llichard Turner wjis prior. Li his time the priory became 80 poor and opj)ressed with debts, that the canons were not able to sup- port themselves. Tlie king, therel'ore, granted license to the said prior, enabling him to assign to Stephen Tyrrell, aljbot of St. Tlionuis, in Dub- lin, the said priory with all its lauds and possessions. And William de Ilastend, descended from the first founder, confirmed the assigmuent. Witnesses Alexander, arciibishopof Dublin, William Kodier, dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, William pear8 from his bull, that there were thirty friars in Athenry. Many i)eraon8 of distinction have been interred in the monastery. In the reign of Elizabeth, the convent, witii thirty acres of land in Athenry, and twelve in Ballidaiui, was granted to the portrievo and bnrgc es of the town of Athenry, at the yearly rent of 2(Js. 4d., Irish money. In the year 129(5, a sanguinary battle was fought at Athenry, by tlie English and Irish troops. Feidiilim O'Connor, the last of his name who a-ssumcd the sovereignty of Cnnnaught, with a jiowerful army, met Sir William Leigh de Murgh, and Kichard de IJormiiigham, the fourth baron of Athenry, who were sent against him ; and one of the most bloody battles on record was fought, near the town of Athenry. in which the native troops were signally defeated. O'Connor fell in the battle, and 8000 of his troops are said to have been slain. The walls of Athenry are said to have been built from the spoils of tlie van(|uislied; and the power of the O'(/0iinor.s wliicli in this bloody struggle received its final blow, was totally destroyed. T!!« v.sij'.s of ihU monastery shew it to M.Hve been a nm^'iiiilcenfc building ; part of it was taken down to erect the present barracks in its If Et»LE8IA8TtC\L HT8T0HT OF mELAND. 451 Bfead. Tlie great east window is hold and of good workmansliip. Tlie tombs of tlie many distinguished persons huried in the cuurch luive been defaced by the soldiers and their fragments scattered over the church. Franciscan Friary of Athenry, was founded A.D. 1464, under the invocation of Saint M.cliael, by Thomas, earl of Kildare. His wife Margaret Gibbon, erected the first chapel ; the second was built by an earl ot Desmond, and the third by O'Tnlly. Ballynahinch gives name to the barony, A monastery for carmelites, or white friars, was founded by O'Fla- herty, in the year 1356. No more is known of this house. ^ I3eagh. A monastery for Franciscans of the third order was founded m this place about the year 1441. In an inquisition, the 28th of Elizabeth, it is called the mined church of Beagh, in the barony of Clare ; its possessions were half a quarter of land, pasture, arable, &c., with its appurtenances and tithes, which were long concealed, and were of the yearly value of Gs. 8d. Irish money. Boilean-Clair, in the diocese of Tuam. A monastery was founded here fcr Franciscans, in the year lOQl Wadding affirms that this house was very rich, and had considerable possessions. Clare Galway, in the barony of Clare, five miles north-east of Gal- way, on a small river which falls into Lough Corrib. About the year 12!»(), John de (\,gan built this monastery for ' Franciscan friai-s, in a very elegant and expensive style. On the 7th of March, 1368, Thomas, lord Athenry, granted the hinds of Cloy-melayn, which were contiguous to the town of Clare, for the ])urposc of purduwing bread, wine and wa.x, for the celebrating of mass in this friary. Tl)9 high tower in the centre of the church, and erected on arches, 18 a curious piece <.f architecture. De Burgo erected a strong castlo at this monastery. Clochin (^antunhiig. O'Afadden founded a monastery for the Fran- ciscans, about the beginning of the If.th century. It is supposed that tins abbey was in the bamny of Longford, the territory of that family. Clonfert, in the barony of Longford, and near tlio river Shannon, and a l)islii.p's sec. Saint Brendau of Clonfert, had been, according to some authoritioa, a native of Connaugl.t, but the nuu-e ancient and consistent accounts sr=iii=e \m that ho was horn ht Kerry. His father was diBtiiiguishcd family of llua Alta. L'rry, doga, of the mam I ■'■•iWi: 453 ECCLESTiSTICAL mSTOBT OF IRELAND. Brendan was born in the year 484, and is said to have received his education under a bishop P:rcu8. We are also assured that he studied theology under Saint Jarlafh of Tuam, wlio was then old and infirm, or rather conferred witli tlie bi.ho], of Tuam on those religious subjects; ho is also said to have attended lectures in tlie great school of Clonard, under Finnian, who was then probably as old as Brendan himself. To atone for tlie death of a person who liad been drowneJ, and to which melanclioly event Brendan feared l,o had involuntarily contributed, ho is said to nave gone to IJrittany, througli the advice of Saint Ita, who, It seems, was a relative of his. It is said that when he was a year old, the bishop Ercus placed him under the care of tiiis celebrated virgin, and that lie was reared by her during the sjiace of five yeai^. IIa^^ng paid a visit to Gildas, who was then living in that country, and a(.lvanced in yeai-s, and who retired to nrittany also between tlie ycare 620 and 530, he went to another part of^Brittany, where he formed a monastery or school, at Ailech (the ancient Alectum, and at present St. Malo). Jt is also added, tliat he erected a cliurch in a place called Ileth, somewhere in the same province. Acconling to some aecount.s, the fumous voyages of this saint took place af>er his arrival in Brittany ; but according to the Irish authori- ties, tliey were undortakcMi from a j)ort in Kerry. (Brendan's hill,) and luid been terminated before his dej)arturo from Iivhmd to that country. With regard to those voyages, it can be admitted that Saint Brendan sailed in company witli some other pci-sons towards the west, in search of soim. isbiiul or country, the existence of which had been known. St. Harrinthus and Mernoc, a discij.le of bis, are said to have been in that country ; and, it is added, that tlie account given of it by Saint Barrinthus. induced Brendan to undertake his voyage. In that account it is rej.ix- sented as a western country or island, but yet so large, that althougli they traversed it for filh'i'U days, ihey could not reach the end of it. Tlio direclioiM.f Brenchm's voyage is said to l.ave been "contra solstitium ifstivale," by which is probalily meant (ho north-west point, all;iding to the setting of the sun in summer. After ^th'en days' sailing, the wind ceased, and the mivigators, though there was wind" now and tlien, lef^ the vessel to itself, wifh..ut knowing its .-ourse. It could liave thus arrived in America ; and an idea, one would suppose, existe.I, that thcro Imd been n western country far distant from Ireland. Another native of Minister, who will be noticed in his proper jiiaco, wt out from his home, resolved to undertake a similar v.yage in cpiost of an unknown inland. It is said, tha> Saint Brendan laid in i.rovisions for firtv davs. wblch proves tliat liis voyage was cot.sidered u long ono. Ilin voyages are tecCLESUSTICAL HISTORY OF IRKLAND. 453 paid to have continued for seven yeai-s. Soon after his return from Britanny, lie founded the monastery of Cloiifcrt. For this monastery, and otliei-8 connected Avltli it, I'.rcndan drew up a particular rule, wliicll was observed for many centuries by his successors, having been particu- larly esteemed, jis an angel is said to have been the dictator of it to Brendan. lie presided over three thousand monks, partly at Clonfert and in other houses of his institution, in different parts of Ireland, all of whom maintained themselves like St. Paul, by the labor of their own hands. He established a nunnery at Enachdune, over which hia eister Briga presided as abbess. Another cell was erected by him ia Innisquin, an island of Lougli Corrib. At a late period of his life, he paid a visit to St. Columbkille in one of the western isles of Scotland. St. Brendan died at Enaghdune in his sister's nunnery, on the l(5th of May, A.U. 677, and in the 94th year of his age. From that place his remains were conveyed to Clonfert, and there interred. This groat saint is usually styled abbot. St. Patrick, when in the south of Ireland, foretold that the great Brendan would be born in West Munster (Kerry). The church of Ardfert was dedicated under his name. * A.D. 570, died Moena, who was intended as the successor of Brendan. A.D. 690, Fintan Conich was abbot and bishop. A.D. 744, Clonfert was destroyed by firo. A.D. 801, (lied the abbot Murdoch. A.I). S3i», the Danes burnon from the DaiU's. AD. 1170, tlied Cormac Una l-onduin, the divinity lecturer of this ttbboy, und the most learned Irishman of his time. A.D. 1201, the abbey and town were pillaged by Willi".m do Burgo, who again in 12(»4 plundered it. Ileiirv O'liorniociiin whm flii> nMu.f nf ♦!■« ♦!..,/. „r *.l a tcanMa^ -.i.^ - — ••• 1 •.■•iS gensfni nijp' prossion ; ho iievi'r suirendered, but kept possession of the totuporalities until his dofttli, though the king united them to tho bishoi.ric' Immo- 11 P ! ! ; i 464 ECCLESIASTICAL HI3T0RY OF IBELAND. diately on the decease of Henry, William O'CJormacain supported by the O'Maddens, procured the abbey from the Pope, and retained pos- session thereof till the year 1567, in which the temporals were divided between the bishop and abbot. This abbey paid the bishop 20s. procu- rations for the rectoi-y of Clonfert. Clonkeen. About the year 1435, Thomas O'Kelly, bishop of Clonfert and afterwards archbishop of Tuam, converted the parish church of Clonkeen into a monastery of Franciscans of the third order, at the in- stance of David and John Mulkerrill, professors of the said order. Pope Eugene IV. conlirmed the donation in 1441. The property of this abbey wjis seized by the crown. Clontuskert, in the barony of Clonmacowen, and six miles northwest of Cloniert. Boadan or Eroadon, founded this monastery for Augustine canons— was the iii^it abbot. He died about the year 801). This abbey paid proxies to the bishop of Clonfert. It was granted, with its possessions, to Richard, earl of Clanrickard. Cloonyvornogc, a cell of the third order of Franciscans: was built about the year 1442. By an inquisition held in the 2Sth year of queen Elizabeth, this chapel was found in possession of half a quarter of land, arable and pasture, i^;c., and the tithes of the same, all of the yearly value of 6s. 8d. J J ^ "1 Cluaui-fois. An abbey of tliis name was founded by St. Jarlal'a of Tuam. Here was a celebrated school about the vear 5.->0. Crevebawn, a friary of Carmelites which it" is supposed, owes its foundatum to an earl of Clanrickard in the 14th century.' This monastc.ry, with a (juarter of la.ul, sixteen acres of arable and twelve of pasture in the t..un a.ul lands ..f Crevagl.bawn, was granted to the burgesses and commoiuilty of the town of Athonry. Dumlrynan. Thomas was abbot of this monastery in the year 1374 and in the 2nth year of king Edward III. it was dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Of this house no more is known. Dunmore fives .uimo t.. the barouy, und is six miles north of Tuam. Tins place was called Domnach-patruic either because St. ]>atrick l-.unded this church or it was dedicated to him. Archdall places hero a bishop Fulartach, whose memory is revered on the 29tli of March See Clonard. A friary for Augustine Eremites was iounded here I)y Walter do Berminghmn, lord Athenry, in the year 1425. A portion of this build- n.g now forms the market-place; the renniiring uart was levelled, whilo ! , „„„ ., |,.jj.j„^j, j;injrc}j, Enaghdune, in the barony of Clare and on Lough Corrib. ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOET OF EKELAND. 455 The nunnerj'-, was founded by St. Brendan for his sister Briga under the invocation of the Virgin Mary. Pope Celestine II., by a bull, dated the 26th of February, A.D. 1195, did continn this church, together with the town of Kelgel ^o the nuna of the order of Aroasia. The steeple or round tower of this nunnery was erected in the year 1238. At the suppression it was granted to Richard, earl of Clanrickard. Saint Mary's Abbey de portu patruin, was founded for white canons of the order of Prenionstre. Kicliolas was abbot in the year 1311. Gilbert, bishop of ^naghdune, recovered i'roin him, in riglit of his eliurch, a messuage, twenty acres of arable land, six of meadow, forty of wood, twenty of moor and sixty of pasture, all in Shaiithill. Franciscan iViary, of Ennghdune was considerable, having had a custody to which the Franciscan monasteries of Connaught and Ulster were subordinate. College of Saint Hrendan, in which four priests were supported. It was long concealed from the royal inqnisitoi-s of Elizabeth. Twenty- three quartei-s of titlies belonged to tiiis college. While it was con- cealed, it wiis in the hands of Clement Skcrrett and Thady Maclnyllis, both of wliom were ])rie.sts. Fallig, the name of the founder, who was according to Wadding, an Ifishnmn. Tills house was erected for gray friars in the year 1390. It is now 4 vicarage, of course a Protestant one, in the barony of Longford. Fidhard. St. Patrick is said to have built this abbey, and to have ])laoed St. Justus over it. A St. Justus is said to have baptized as well as instructed Saint Kicran of Clotimacnois. (Jalway is a remarkable seai)ort, and sends representatives to Parlia- ment. Franciscan friary, A.D. 1290, Sir William do Biirgli (tiio gray) founded this monastery for Franciscans, in St. Stei)hen's island, without tlie north gate of the town. The founder died A.D. 1324, and was in- terred in the abbey. A.D. 1404, died Edward Philbin, wlio built the dormitory of this house. A.D. 1D13, died the cili^briitcvl archbishop of Tuam, Maurice O'Fihcly, known as " Flos mundi," the flower of the world, and was interred in this monastery. J lis aumblj monument is still shewn. A.D. 1520, Wiiham do Burgli granted tliis abbey the lishory of tho river of Gal way. itm KOCI^UeTICAL HI8T0KY OF tBELAND. ,»-i A.D. 1536, the archbishop of Tuarn died, and was buried in the same tomb with liis predecessor Maurice. ^ Provincial chaptei-s of the order were held in this abbey in the years 1470, 1522, and 15C2. ^ ^ _ Marcli the 9th, 1570, Queen Elizabeth granted part of the posses- Bions of tins abbey to the corporation and their successors, which erant was renewed in September, 157S, for forty years. A.D. U!03, James I granted the entire possessions of this house to bir George Carew, his heirs and assigns, forever. AD. 1057, all the buildings of the abbey were demolished, except tJie churchy in which assizes were held. A.B. 1698, the several members of this and the other religious houses of the town were banished ; they afterwards gradually returned and lor many years suftbred the uiost severe persecutions, having been Irequently in.prisoned, tried, transported, and often in danger o"" their Galway was, until the mitigation of the penal laws, one of the prmcpal places in Ireland, which aftbrded refuge to the prescribed ec clesiastics ot tlie religious orders. ; Do.ninican friary is situated on an elevated spot, near the sea-shore m the west suburbs of the town. It stands on the site of an aucienJ convent ot St. Mary of the lliil, a daughter of the Holy Trinity of the 1 remonstnitcnses of Tuam, which was founded by the O'llallerans On the nuns forsaking it, the secular clergy entered, and retained possession a considerable tune The inhabitants of the town having petitioned AD. I'^r'"' '' ''"" ^"'"'''^ '" '^'" Dominicans of Athenry. The Dominican order being thus established in Galway, the convent was r.c dy endowe.l by many individuals of the town, and several con- mderable additions were made to the church and monastery. Ja.no. l.ynch Intzstephoh, who was mayor (,f CJahvay, in 1403, and celebrated or nnn.olat.ng his only son, because that son stained his hands in tho b oud ot a young Spaniard, at tho shrine of public justice, erected the choir ot this church. A.D. 1570, March 0th, Queen Elizabeth granted to the corporation and their successors, part of the possessions of this monastery, then lately dissolved. "^ A.D. 1.J42 Lord Forbes, hnuling at Galway, took possession of this houso, winch ho converted into a battery, with the intent to reduce the own Having failed in his design, he defaced the church, and in his brutal rage dug up the grave., and burned tho cofHns and bones of th« dead. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 467 • A.D. 1652, the friars surrendered the church and monastery to the corporation, whicli were soon after razed to the ground, lest they should be converted by Cromwell's troops into a fortification against the town. Henceforth ihe friars of this house suffered in common with their brethren of the other orders, all the persecutions, to which they were subjected. Augustinian friary was situated on an eminence near the sea, in the south suburbs of the town, and witliin a few hundred yards of the walls. It was founded in 1508, by Margaret Athy, wife of Stephen Lynch FitzDominick, at the instance of Richard Nangle, an Augus- tinian hermit, who afterwards became archbishop of Tuam. This mo- nastery was commenced by tliis pious lady during the absence of ler husband in Spain. Tlie church and the. steeple having been finished on his return, he was surprised at beholding from the bay a building so Stately, erected in a place where there was not a single stone laid at the time of his departure. When, on landing, he discovered that it had been erected by his own wife, in honor of St. Augustine, his surprise was converted into joy ; and the good man, falling down on his knees on the si'u-shore, returned thanks to Heaven for inspiring her with that pious resolution. This lady afterwards made a pilgrimage to Saint James's tomb, in Gallicia (Sj)aiii). A.D. 1517, Richard Edmund de Burgo made grants to this monas- tery for the souls of himself, his parents and successors. A.D. 1570, Queen Elizabeth granted to the corporation, and their BUCcessoi-8, part of the possessions of this monastery, then lately dis- Bolved, and which grant she al'terwards renewed for forty years. James I., -A.D. 1G0;3, granted all its possessions to Sir George Carevv, his heirs end assigns, for ever. Gn ilie suppression of tlu^ monastery, the friars removed to a large house witliin the town, in which they resided for many years. The church, however, renuiined standing, and on the building of St. Augus- tine's fort, in 1(102, it was converted into a store for the use ot the sol- diery. When this fort was demolished, in l(J4o, the moimstery was spared, and delivered up to the friai-s, by whom it wiw repaired ; but in 1052, being again surrendorud to the corporation, it was pulled down, lest it should be fortified against the town. Since that tinjo not a ves- tige of it remains. Gilrmelite friary is said to have been founded by tlio de Rurgo fami- ly, but \\\Hm what authority or at wliat period, is not recorded. In lti47, those friars opposed the I'ope's nuncio, Ilinuccini, and his treatment of them on the occasion formed one of the principal articles of m m ik m mt Hj ll 458 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. accusation against him by the supreme council. Tlie friars having sliewn resistance to the wishes of the nuncio, their dwelling was assault- ed by night and their persons abused. In a fit of rage he ordered their bell to be pulled down, and placed two priests at the entiy to their chapel, to keep the people from resorting tliere to prayers. These friara were soon after banished with the other religious and clergy, and have never since been reinstated in the town. Capuchin friars. On the restoration of the Catholics, in 1689, the Capuchins petitioned the corporation for leave to return and be estab- I.shed in as full and ample maimer within the town as their predecessors formerly had been. The request was granted, but they soon shared the fate of the other religious, and have not since revived in Galway. Knights Templar were established beyond the east gate. The order being suppressed in 1312, its possessions were given to the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem. Franciscan nunnery of Saint Clare. In 1511, Walter Lynch Fitz Tliomas, who was mayor of Galway in 1504, and again in 1513, bestowed on his daughter a dwelling-house near St. Nicholas' church, which was afterwards known as " the house of the poor nuns of the third order of St. Francis." Tliese nuns having presented a memorial to the corporation, in 1649, praying a grant of as much ground in island Attonagh at the west end of the town, as would be sutticient for erecting a monastery and other necessary buildings ; their petition being acceded to, they erected a handsome convent on that island ; but they enjoyed it only for a short period, as they were, on tlie surrender of Galway in 1G52 to the troops of the Parliamentarians, obliged to d'spei-so and retreat to foreign parts, where those pei-secutod and defenceless females endured all the miseries of a long and comfortless exile. After a lapse of many years, and on the change of political circumstances, which took place during the short reigTi of James IL, the few who survived, returned to Galway, and have ever since continued. During tiie persecution of 1698, all the convents of the town were, on the 1st of May, broken into by the military; tlio chapels torn down and every religious emblem destroyed. Tiie nuns were at the same time, forced out, ol)]iged to cliaiige tiieir habits and take shelter with tlieir friends in the country. The heat of the pei-secution somewhat relaxing, they reassembled and came back to tlieir former dwellings. Tliey re- mained uninolofitod until the mayor of Galway, Edward Eyre, was directed, in 1712, to siij)press tlie "nunneries." Tliose defenceless ser- Yjii S....1 -.if,.!, .. , -<.. o,Uj \'ntni;e ^^.n.T tlit; cniiKi-cranon oi tlioir lives to solitude and prayer, wore again turned out of dooi-s and obliged EOCLE8U8TICAL HISTOET OF mELAND. 4m to have refuge with their friends. In the height of their distress, John Bourke, tlie tlien provincial of tlieir order in Ireland, obtained permis- sion from Edmund Byrne, the archbishop of Dublin, to admit them into his diocese, hoping tliey would be less noticed in the capital than in Gahvay, as the government watched the latter so closely. A few of those ladies were sent to Dublin ; but scarcely had they reached there, wlien the lords justices received information of the fact and immediately ordoi-s were issued for their apprehension ; as if the arrival of a few weak and lielpless females was calculated to overtlirow tlie government or endanger tlie stronghold of the Protestant Church. In consefiuence of tlie alarm which this event caused, these ladies were arrested in the habits of their order. A proclamation then issued, dated the 20th of September, 1712, to apprehend the aforesaid John Bourke, the archbishop of Dublin, and doctor Nary, popish priests, who presumed to exercise ecclesiastical jurisdiction contrary to the laws of the realm, and laws wliich German bayonets mainly established ; and it was ordered, that all the laws in force against the Papists should be strictly carried into execution. In tlie meantime, the convents of Gahvay were converted into bar- racks. The storm again subsiding, tlie nuns again came fortli from tlieir retreats, and at lengtli succeeded in regaining their ibrmer habitations. Tliey were visited again in 1731, and have continued since without mo- lestation, Dominican nunnery. The inhabitants of Galway founded this nun- nery by tlie consent of the general and provincial chapter, about the year 1G44. Father Gregory French, a learned and virtuous Dominican, who was afterwards banished from his native country, and who died an exile in Italy, was appointed the first superior. Wlien Galway was taken, in 1052, by Cromwcirs forces, the nmis, with their then vicar, father Gregory O'Ferrall, went to Spain. Two only of the number survived, Julia Nowlan and Maria Lynch, who returned to Galway in IGSO, by direction of John Browne, provincial of the order in Iri'land. On tlieir arrival, Julia Nowlan was appointed prioress, and tlie companion of her exile subprioress ; a house beinw provided for them in the town, the community soon increased, and became, before the end of two yeare, completely established. In 1(508, they were again dispei-sed. It was most deplorable, saya O'lleyne, the histoi-ian of those distressing scenes, to witness the cries and tears of those oppressed females, by wliich their very pei-secutora were moved to compassion. The convent was converted into a barrack : however, the nuns remained secretly in town amongst their friends, under the direction of Julia Nowlan, the prioress, who was released by 460 ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOBT OP IRELAND, . death from all her sufferings, in 1701, at the age of ninety years, and was succeeded by the sub-prioress, Maria Lynch. They were soon after obliged to depart trom the town altogether, and disperse among their relatives in the country, without tlie most distant hope of returning. In this forlorn condition, Hugh O'Callanan, the provincial of the order, having obtained pemiission from doctor Byi-ne, the archbishop of Dublin, to admit them into his diocese, eight of the nuns repaired to the capital, wliore they arrived in March, 1717, and dwelt together in a house in Fisher's-lane, on the north side 'of the river. In September following, they removed to Channel-row, after- wards Brunswick-street, where they originated the convent of Jesus, Mary and Joseph, of Dublin. In the meantime, the ladies who remained near Galway returned to the town, and having obtained pos- session of their former abode, have ever since continued. The names of the sisters who founded the convent of Dv.blin, are— Maria Bellew, Eli/.abeth Weever, Julia Browne, Honoria Vaiighan, Alicia Rice, Helena Keaung, Catharine Plunkett, and Maria riunkett! Maria Bellew was constituted the prioress of the now convent. Catharine Plunkett, having obtained the i^ermission of her sup^-iors, repaired t.. Brussels, where she remained until recalled for the pui-jwse of establishing a convent at Droglieda. In the year 1756, there were thirty-one nuns in the convent ot Galway ; their names are— Anastasia Lynch, prioress ; Maria Lynch, eubprioress ; Maria Lynch, Mai-garet Darcy, Christina Darcy, Juliana Bodkin, Elizabeth Lynch, Margaret Browne, Brigid Kirwan, Rosa Kelly, Cecilia Kelly, Brigid Gerakiine, Marcella French, Catharine Lynch, Elizabeth Browne, Brigid Browne, Barbara Blake, Maria Browne, Thereyia Browne, Catharine Nowlan, Elizabeth Bodkin, Mar- cella Darcy, Anna Frencli, Monica Bodkin, Elizabeth Vauglum, Maria Bodkin, Anna Bodkin, Marcella Blake, Anastasia Blake, Monica Joyce, and Maria Joyce. May the constancy of those faithful souls, and their heroic example under trial and persecution for the sake of their holy foitli, tend to Btrengthen and support tliose of tlieir sex who are scattered over tin's vast country, under every atHiotion and under every danger to which their morals, as well as their faith, n.ay be exposed. /.ugustinian nunnery was establisliod in Middle-street, eai-ly in the last century. In 1731, the mayor reported that he had searched the house, and that none were found but servants therein ; but that he discovered in it seven rooms, ten beds in wliicli, it was apprehended, the reputed nuns lay heforc thoir dispersion. JS^unnery, to the west of the town, was situated in an island ot ECCLESIASTICAL mSTORT OF IRELAIfD. 46^ Longli Corrib, but of its history notlnng is recorded. With regard to this nunnery being situated in tlie ishmd, Archdall must be under a mistake. Tliere is an ishind called Liisnagoile, on which there are extensive ruins. Tliis nunnery, according to the tradition of the natives, was situated near the shore of the lake, where tliey still point out an artificial stone path leading from the building. See Inis an Ghoil, &c. Imay, an island on the coast of Galway county. Saint Fochin founded the monastery of tl is island. Tlie annals of the Four ^Rxasters record the death of Fergus, vicar of lomaith. It appears that this island was one of the last retreats of Paganism in Ire- land. The account of the erection of this monastery is as follows, from the latin of Colgan : " On a certain night, the holy man (Fecbin) being in the monastery of Ballysadare, (county of Sligo,) was by an angel admonished in his sleep, that it was the divine will that he should go to a certain island of the ocean (Imay), situated in the western district of Connaught. Saint Fechin obeys the warning of the angel, and with the intention of gaining many souls to God and increasing tlie monastic institute, accompanied by some disciples, he sought the island, where he proposed .0 dwell and build a church. But the inhabitants, at the suggestion of the devil, endeavoured by all means to exclude him : hence, at night they several times cast into the sea the spades, axes, iron tools, and other instru- ments, which the monks used in the work of building ; but as often as they were thus cast, so often being thrown back on shore, they were found by the monks in the morning. But when the man of God and his monks, thus meeting with the opposition of the people, pei-sisted in continual laboui-s, watchings and fastings, and the people hardened in malice, denied them all nourishment, at length two of the brethren perished, being exhausted through want. But Saint Fechin, having poured forth for his servants a prayer to the Lord, in complying with whose will, those who wei'e thus exhausted had perished, merited that they sho\ild be recalled to life. And when the reports of the occurrence had reached the ears of the king, Guarius, son of Colnian, he took care that fiuflicient nourishment in meat and drink should be broufiit to Saint Fochin. lie added also his royal phial, which even to this day is called ' Cruach Fechin.' Afterwards, all the islanders being converted to Christ, were baptized by Saint Fechin, and they consigned themselves and their island to the use and service of the saint and his successors." The king mentioned in this account was the generous and hospitable Guaire of Connaught, who died A.D. 663. Iiiis tin Glioil Craibiitiiigh, the island of the devouL foreigner. Tliis island has two chapels— the one dedicated to Saint Patrick, the 462 EOCLESIASTICAL HISTOKr OF IBELAim. i * - li other to tlie saint from whom it is named, and in which, it seems, no one is buried. Murgesius O'Nioc, archbishop ofTuam, died in this island A.D. 1128. ' The first cliapel is called Temple-Patrick, and undoubtedly bears marks of a very high antiquity, and is, perhaps, as the tradition of the country asserts, of the same age with the apostle. It is not easy to determine who the devout stranger is, froia whom the island has derived its name. A monumental slab or pillar, about four feet high, situated at a" little distance from Temple-Patrick, serves to throw light on the history of the devout foreigner. The letters on this tan, a bishop ; Dabonna, a saint ; Mogornan, a sain*-; Darioc, a saint; Auxilius, a bishop; Luglmat, a saint. The ancient martyrologies state, that the mother of these sons of the Lombard was Liemania, the daughter of Calphurnius, and sister of Saint Patrick. It does not appear that Restitutus, called the Lombard, was ever in Ireland. Liemania has been buried in Finnuair-abha, on the banks of the Boyne. See iviMloglur, county T^uth. Other sistei-s of Saint Patrick are also rp..;.); . :: .,ich as Li- "ta and Darerca ; and though there may be rooui li. question tne authorities respecting the latter there seems to be no just ground to call in question the history of the Lombard and Liemania ; the constant tradition of the country, >roover records those seven sons, and also reference is frequently mat. to the ' fie^en churches of those seven brothers. Inisquin, an island of Lough Corrib, and in the barony of Clare. St. Brendan founded the monastery of Inisquin, and having resi<'ned tlio ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF tBELAND. 463 government of Clonfert, he spent tlie latter part of his life in tJiis retreat, preparing himself for the way of all flesh. Saint Meldan was the successor of the founder, and was of the Sept Ilua-cuin from whicli the island took its name, and which posse'-sed the country about Lough Orbsen (the ancient name of Lough Coirib). St. Meldan was abbot of Inis-luia-cuin, about the beginning of the 7th century, and was also probably a bishop. The memory of St. Meidan was universally respected. In this island the great St. Fursey, whose mother was a native of lly-brun in Coimaught, rejmired to the monas- tery of Meldan and spent some years under his guidance. St. Meldan died some time belore the year 6'2G, and his festival is observed on the Tth of Fobruaiy. Kilbought, in the barony of Aiiienry, and four miles east of Lough- rea. The family of Waley founded this monastery, and in the inquisi- tion, the 6th of Elizabeth, express mention is made, that the Franciscans of tlie third order were possessed of this friary, A.D. 1507, Mathew Macreogli, bishop of Clonfert, <1!.(1 here. Kilbrenan. The monastery of Kilbrenan with its appurtenances, containing one acre, six small cottages in the town of Kilbrenan, thirty acres of arable land and iifteen of pasture in the said town, were granted, together with the abbey of Mayo, to the burgesses and commonalty of Atheniy, Kilcorban. The church of this monastery was dedicated to St. Cor- ban. This saint is suppossd to be the Cerban, of Kilcerban, near Tarah in Meath, who died, A.D. 500. This church was afterwards dedicated to the V!i'gin Mary. A.D. nH), Thomas de Burgo, bishop of Clonfert, with the consent of his chapter, granted this chapel with some land adjoining, to the friars of the third order of St. Dominick, at the earnest entreaty of John Fitzrery, vicar general of that order and his brethren. Pope Eugene IV. confirmed the donation, by bull directed to the abbot of Vianova or abbey Gormogan, in the diocese of Clonfert. The bishop died the same year Li this church of the Roi^ary of the blessed Virgin, there was a statue of the immaculate mother of our Redeemer, of which John O'lleyne thus speaks, "The froipient miracles which God performs through that statue, daily contirm the Catholics in the true faith and in tiie veneration of the Queen of Heaven." Killcolgan, in tlie baron of Doonkillen, and diocese of Kilmacduacli. St. Colgan or Colga was the brother of St. Foila, a holy virgin of the house of If V Fiachra in Sontli (^mmniiatrick, in Mayo, which is said to lune bo- ■ T. , John was prior. JdIiu de Hlohely was prior, and a third John succeeded, who sued John de L'urgh for a townhuid in Tullagh M'Rnskyn, of which John O'Leyn, bishop of Cloiifert, had unlawfidly disseized the former prior. A Franciscan friary witS foniidiHl hero bef^ire the year 1325. A.D. 13:>y, Hugh Bernard was provincial of the Franciscans in Ireland. A.D. 1438, John O'lloyn, the provincial, was made bishoj) of Clon- fcrt. A.D. 1447, John With, minister of the order, was elected bishop, but was not consecrated. Loughreagh, a market town in the barony of Doonkillen. Carmelite frinry. liiehard do Burgo, earl of Ulster, foindcd this monasteiv in the year 1300, for the Carmelites, under the invocation ot the Virgin Mary. This abbey wiw granted to Richard, earl of Cianrickard. A leper-hoHso was also founded in this town. Mnghelc. St. Abban, who died A.D. 030, built throe churches in this jdain. ^!ei*liek, iv. the biironv rif T-*i"-*riird ""i1 ir inhCS rjjnt (»1 Clotifcrt. O'Maddeii, lord of the country founded this ubboy for conventual 1' run- ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0ET OF treLAND. '^Qf ciscans. Tlie situation of it was deligl.tful, and the building itself sna- cious and beautiful. During the winter n^onths, the friary was ^ur- rounded by the inundations of the river Shannon In the year 1203, Willium de Burgo, the conqueror of Connaught marched at the head of a great ar.ny into that proJince, and on to Meo lick ; profanely converted the church into a stable, round which he erected a castle, of a circular for.n, wherein he was seen to eat flesh during the whole time of lent. The n.onastery of Meelick was granted to Sir John King, who assigned it to the earl of Clanrickard. Muclc-enis, in Lough-doarg, and bordering on the county of Gal- way. The festival of St. Regulus is held here on the 16th of October Ivar, a northinan or Dane, having arrived at Limerick, proceeded a7 '!'! ^'r";"' '''"' ^"' '""'^■''^' '^"^ ''' «'•« '^ t^''« establishment, tVfV J" ? r"" ?'? ''"■' '^'''''''"^ ^'y ^«"'«"" "•' «"d again, in 948 his king defeated them in another battle, in which the Danish king, J>lacar, and a thousand of his men, lost their lives Pallice, eleven miles north-west of Portumna. A friary for Curme- l.tes under the invocation of the Virgin Mary, was founded at Kal- tragh na I all ice, by Lermingham, lord of Athenry, in th.e fourteenth century. August 2rth, thirty-first of Elizabeth, a grant was made to John Rawson, of this monastery, with a church and chapel in ruins, a quar- ter „ ami, sixty acres of arable and sundry other lands in the county to hold the same forever, in free soccage, at the annual rent of £8 12s' Yd., Irish money. Portumna, a town on the river Shannon, in the barony of Longford llieCistorciansof Dunbrody having foi^aken this cell, O'Maddon the dynast of tho country, gave it, with the approbation of the former'pos- Bessors, to the Dominicans, who erected a convent and church dedicated to the blessed Virgin, and to SS. Peter and Paul ; they also erected a stoeple, cemetery, and all other necessary buildings. r.)pe Martin V. co„firmetion. And those saints added, — it is not enough to chastise the body, unless the soul be cured of malice and iniquity. " {charity," said they, " is the root and source of all good works." St. Fui-sey is said to have had those visions in the year Ol'7, having proba- bly founded Ilathimit two or tlireo years previously. It seems lie re- signed the administration of this house, as wo tind him annonncingover Ireland, what he saw and lieard in those visions, and for ton years, preaching aiul exhorting the peoplo to ropontanco. There are no traces of this monastery. Ross, a monastery for conventual Fianciscans, was founded in this place, which is in the diocese of Tuam, A.D. HllL It is a yory soli- tary place, surrounded on all sides liy water. KCCI-E8IA8TICAL FI8T0RV OF mELAND. 469 A.D. UTO, the reform of the strict observance was introduced. Rosserel.ly, in tlie barony of Clare, situated on the river of Ross. The Lord Granard founded this monastery for the strict observants A.D. 1498. A.D. 1509, a chapter of the Franciscan order was held here. At the suppression of religious houses, this monastery was granted to the earl of Clanrickard. A.D. 1604, the Roman Catholics repaired the abbey of Rosserelly ; its ruins, which still remain, show it to have been a very extensive building ; it has been lately purchased by the archbishop of Tuam. Sleushancogh, a monastery of conventual Franciscans, which was, at the supi)ression of religious houses, granted to Sir Francis Sammes, or Symes. Teagh-Saxon, two miles west of Athenry. This ancient establish- ment was burned by lightning, in the year 1177. Its name tells its i)urpose, and shews that Ireland was at one time the mart of literature and the homo of the Saxon strancer. A fruvry of snuiU d. mentions was erected in the reign of Henry VII. of England, by a member of the Bourke amily, for Franciscans of the third order. It was, with its appurtenances, granted to the burgesses and com- monalty of Athenry. Temple-Moyle, another friary of the third order of St. Francis, founded after the year 1441. It was granted to Edmond Barrett. Toiiibcola, in the barony of Ballynahiuch, a monastery of Domini- cans, founded by O'Flahc-rfy, about 1427, assisted by tiie friars of Athenry. There were usually eight membei-s in this house. Though the building was wholly demolished in the begiiming of Queen Eliza- beth's reign, and the stones even of the church were made use of towards building a castle in the noighbouriiood, the friars renuiined till they were expelled by the ('romwellians. Richard Martin, of Dangan, luid been the possessor of its property, when De Burgo wrote. Tuam, in the barony of Tuam, is a market town and borough, and the archii'piscopal see of Cotinaught. Saint Jurlath is the patron saint. Three abbots of Tuam are ox pressly mentioned. A.D. 808, died the abbot Cellach, son of Eochad. A.D. 877, died in October, Nuadat llua Bolcain, abbot and an- cLoiiiv. ^ ■- * liii 470 ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0EY OF UiKLASU. \l I ! A.D. 879, died Cormac, son of Kieran, abbot of Tuam, and prior of Clonfert. Priorj^ of St. John the Baptist. Tirdelvac O'Connor, king of Ire- land, founded this priory about the year 1140, the order of which is not known. TJie property of this abbey was granted to Richard, earl of Clanrickard. Abbey of the Holy Trinity was founded by a member of the i)e Burgo family, about the beginning of the reign of Henry HI. of England, for Premonstre canons. A.D. 1204, William Bourke burned the churches of Tuam. His death has been noticed at Kiiockmoy. The posterity and followers of this man have supplanted the O'Connors, O'Flali rties, and the Celtic tribes of Connaught ; and their Celtic descendants have been, with some " few exceptions, reduced to the condition of " hewei-s of wood and draw- ers of water." Such has been the bitter fruit of those unnatural dissensions, which have prostrated the energies of the kingdom, and rendered triumphant the adventures of the Anglo-Norman invadei-s. Giolla Chriost O'Laghtnan, abbot of this house, was drowned in the Irish sea, A.D. 1251. Augiist 20tli, twentieth of Elizabeth, this monastery and its posses- sions, half an acre of land, and two quartei-s, containing eighty acres of arable and twenty of pasture, with the tithes of corn, were granted to the burgesses and commonalty of Athenry. A.D. 1134, the town of Tuam was stormed, and the cathedral burned by the Dalcassians. A.D. 11G4, the cathedral was again burned. Tlie catliedral was, it sci'ins, erected between the yeara 1130 and 1150, when Aod O'lloissin became bishop of Tuam. In this ])iou8 undertaking he was assisted by Turlogh O'Connor, king of Ireland. Of this church, the chancel only remains ; and tliat portion of it makes US acquainted with the general stylo of its architecture, and shews that it wivs not only a larger, but a more splendid structure, than Cormac's church at Cusholl, and fully worthy of the monarch by whom it was chiefly erected. The clumcel is a 8(iuaro of twenty-six rect, in external measurement, and the walls four feet in thickness. Its east end is porfoiated by three circular-headed windows, each five feet in height and eighteen inches in width externally, but sphiyed on the inside to the width of live feet. These windows are ornamented with zig-zag and other moiddings, both within and without, and are connected witli each otlior by string- co'.irse mouldings, of which thu external one is ornamented with pttLcru}. . ECCLESU8TICAL HISTOBT OF IRELAND. 471 In the south wall there is a window similarly decorated, but of smaller size. Tlie great feature of this chancel is its triumphal arch, which is considered the most magnificent specimen of its kind remaining in Ireland It is composed externally of six semicircular, concentric and recessed arches, of which the outer is twenty feet six inches wide at its base, and nineteen feet five inches in height; and the inner, fifteen feet eight inches in width, and sixteen in height. The shafts of the columns which with the exception of the outermost at each side, are semicircu- lar and unornamented; but their capitals, which arc rectangular, on a semicircular torus, are very richly sculptured, chiefly witli a variety ot interlaced tracery, and in two instances with grotesque human heads. Ihe imposts are, at one side, very richly sculptured with a scroll and other ornaments, and at the other side present a kind of inverted ogive • and tliese imposts are carried along the face of the wall, as tablets' The bases are unadorned, and consist of a torus and double plinth The arch mouldings consist of the nebule, diamond frette, and varieties of the chevron, the execution of wliich is remarkable for its beauty Tlie cross of Tuam, which justly ranks as the finest monument of its class and age remaining in Ireland, has been noticed elsewhere. (See the transactions of Aod O'lloissin, archbishop of Tuam.) I ' ;ii 472 ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0EY OF IEELAND. CHAPTER XLVII. COUNTY OP KERRY Agiiadoe. Aodh, son of Connor, son of Auliffe mor O'Donoghue, king of Eoganacht Loclialein, died in the year 1231, and was buried in his old abbey at Aghadoe. Nothing more is on record regarding this abbey. Aghamore is situated on a small island, called Abbey isle, near the mouth of the river Kenmare. This small abbey was founded by the monks of St. Flnbharr, in the 7th century, for canons of St. Augustine. The walls of thi« ancient monastery are washed by the waters of the sea. At low water the Isle of the Abbey joins the main land. Ardfcrt— Mount of the miracles, in tlio barony of Clanmaurice. St. Brendan, of Clonfort, wlio was a native of Kerry, is said to have erected the monastery of Ardfert, or it was dedicated to liiui. A.D. lOSJ), the abbey and town were destroyed by fire. A.D. 1151, ic was again destroyed by Cornuic O'Cullen. In the your 1253, Thou.as, lord of Kerry, founded a Franciscan monastery at Ardfert. A.D. 12S0, died the founder, and was interred here. A.D. 1309, William de 13ri:^t..l was prior. A.D. 1354, died Desideria, daugliter of Gerald Fitzmaurice, who Wiis a liberal l)onefactress to tliis house. Tiiis monastery was the bury- ing place of tlie lords of Kerry. Tliis priflry was in high estiiL.ition on account of the numerous mira-'les wrought there. "Ardfert means the mount of nu'racles." The ruins of this .,ul,le structure arc a little t.o tl.o east of the town. The walls of tiie stci'i^lo, the choir with some of the cloisters, the (' u- mitory and the chapel I'or morning prayer renuiin entire. In the churcli is a lino figure of St. Brcndrn in relief. Adjoining was the round tower, one hundred and twenty feet in height, and esteemed the finest in Ireland. Being neglected, i', fell to the ground in the year 1771. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 473 In tlie 35th of Henry VIII.,' Ardfert became p. ruin. Ballinaskeligs or St. Michael's Mount, in the barony of Ivereagh. An abbey of regular canons of St. Augustine, under the invocation"of St. Michael, was founded in the island of the great Skelig ; but the time of its erection is uncertain. This ancient abbey appeara to have been a very noble and extensive edifice. The sea is continually den)olishing its ruins. Here is a well dedicated to St. Michael the archangel, which is an. nually visited on the 29th of September. Nov. 24th, twenty-eighth of queen Elizabeth, h lease of this abbey was granted to John Blake for tlie term of twenty-one years p.t the yearly rent of £6 13s. '4d. Innisfallen, an island containing twelve acres in the lake of Kil- larney. St. Finan, surnamed the leper, founded the monastery of Innisfullen. A.D. C40, St. Dichul was abbot. There was a Dichull abbot of Louth. A.D. 1180, this abbey, ever esteemed a paradise and a sanctuary, in which the treasure and valuable effects of the whole country were de- posited in the hands of its clei-gy, was plundered by Maolduin O'Do- naghui. Many of the clergy were «hun, even in their cemeteries by the MacCarthy. God soon punished their acts of impiety and sacrilege with untimely deaths. ...D. 1197, died the abbct O'llaurehan. In this year died also Giolla Patrick O'lluiliair, in the 79th year of his age. He was superior of this convent and the founder of many religious houses, to all of which he presented books and vestments. He was a celebrated poet and was greatly esteemed for his chaste life, piety, wisdom and universal charity. A.D. 1215, flourished the author of the annals of Innisfallen: a work which forms one of the most valuable remnants of the ancient and national literature of Irehuul. The annalist, whose name is not known, begins with the history of the creation, and in a brief and clear manner brings the reader to the year 430 of the Christian era. From that period he contlnes his researches to the annals of Ireland, taking of them an accurate, though comprelieiisivo \iew dowi. to the period in which ho wrote. The annals of Innisfallen were continued by another writer, whose name is also concealed, to the year 1320. August ISth, thirty-seventh of queen Elizabeth, this abbey with ifa possessions was granted to llobert Callan. The ruins of this abbey are very extensive, and the situation ex- tremely picturesque. A small chapel at somo distance from the abbey, I > 474 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. has been converted into a banquetting bouse for tbe reception of visitors to the scenes of Killarnej. Irrela<,li, cr Muckruss, in the barony of Magunihy, and en the borders of Lougli-Iene. Donald, son of Thady MacCarthy, founded, A.D. 1440, this friary for Conventual Franciscans, under the in vocal ion of the holy Trinity. He also repaired it in 1468, a few months before his decease. A.D. 1603, this abbey was rebuilt ; but it went soon after to ruin. The choir, nave and steeple are yet entire as well as the cloi tere, which consist of several Gothic arches, all of solid marble, enclosing a small square, in the centre of which stands a tall yew tree, overshadowing and throwing a brown shade over the niches of the whole cloister. The steeple of this extensive building, large enough for a single bell, is sup- ported by a Gothic or pointed arch. A miraculous image of the Virgin Mary has been preserved here. The abbey with its possessions Elizabeth granted to Kobert Callan. Killachad-Conchen, is attributed to St. Abban ; but it would seem that St. Finan was the founder, and who was called of Kinnitch (Kin- uity in the King's county). A holy virgin, Conclienna, is said by some writers to have given name to this monastery. This saint died A.D. 739, and her memory is said to have been revered here on the 28th of April. She is said to have been the daughter of Kellagh Chuallan. Nothing more of her is known. IvilLigh, in the barony of Truckanackmy. A priory of regular canons, under the invocation of the Virgin Mary, was founded by Geof- frey de Mariscis, in the reign of king John, the prior of which was a lord of parliament. The walls of this church are of great length and strong in propor- tion. These and a noble window in the pointed style, are yet entire. This house possessed a large property in different parts of the country, which was granted for the term of twenty-one years to Thomas Clinton,' at the annual rent of £17. Lislaghtin, in the barony of Iraghticonnor. O'Connor, prince of Kerry, founded this monastery in the year 1464, for Franciscans of the strict observance. The steeple, choir and many other parts of the building are still to be seen. At the suppression, the abbey was granted to James Scolls. It was afterwards granted ibr the term of twenty-one years to Sir Edward Denny, at the annual rent of 7l8. Monaster ni Oriel, in the b.-vrony of Glanerought. Smith, in his his- :J ECCLE8U8TICA1 inSTOET OF IBELAlrt). 475 lory of Kerry, mentions ^' at a religious house was situated in this place Ihere are traces of an ancient building. Melchedor's church, or Killmelchedor, an ancient hermitage at Gar lerus near Snierwick, where the Spaniards landed in 1579. Tliis cell is worth describing. The door is live feet high and two and a half broad, plac> 1 in one end of the building, and at the other end IS a small neat window, the sides and bottom of which consist only of one stone, extren^ely well cut, with scarcely any mark of the chisel upon It. The room is about twenty feet long by ten broad and twenty hig], on the outside to the top of the arch, an^l the walls are about four teot thick. The whole is so neatly jointed within, that it would be very dithcult to msert the point of a knife between any of the stones, which are dovetailed, for the most part, into each other, and set without the least particle of any kind of mortar. The side-walls incline together from the bottom to the top, forming a kind of parabolic curve. Odorney, or Kyrie elcison, in tbe barony of Clanmaurice. This abbey was founded in the year 1154, under the invocation of the Virgin Mary, and was supplied with monks from the Cistercian abbey of Ma-io m the county of Limerick. ° ' A.D. 118G, Cliristian O'Conarchy, bishop of Lismore aud le-ate apostolic of IrehuKl, having retii^ed from the world, died in this abbey and was there interred. A.D. 1188, the abbot Nicholas was appointed bishop of Ardfert (Kerry.) " ' A.D. 1537. This being a very rich abbey, Edmond, Lord Kerry was created baron of Odorney and Viscount Kill-maule. In the same year a grant was made to him of several religious houses, among which was this abbey, with its appurtenances, to him and to his male issue • in deiault tliereof they reverted to the crown, (a very wise provision, m a good 1 rotestaiit substitute could be found to accept them.-) I'he abbot of Odorney was a lord of parliament. In the thirty-ninth of Flizabeth, a portion of its property was granted to the provost and lellows of the Protestant college of the Uoly Trinity near Dublin. *' •" It is now a shapeless ruin. Tiattoo, in the barony of Clanmaurice, said to have seven churches and the residence of a bishop. A high round tower stands in the pre- sent churchyard. The architecture of this ancient church h of the Cyclopean character. A bishop Lughach, one of the earliest propagators of Christianitv in iverry, IS supposed to be tiie founder, of whom nothing more is preserVed than his name and festival, the Gth of October. n i M ^ .! jtl 176 EOCLK8U8TICAL IflSTORT OF IRELAOT). A brother William is said to have erected a commandery for knights hospitallers here. David, bishop of Ajdfert, who was consecrated in 1193^ and who died in 1207, was witness to the chaiter tliere')f. It was afterwards convei'^ed into a monastery of canons regular, of the order of Aroasia, and dedicated to SS. Peter and Paul, A.D. 1281, the abbot John resigned. The abbot of Rattoo was a lord of parliament. A.D. 1600, the rebels, as English writers are pleased to term the Irish, who took up arms in defence of their religion, dearer than life, fortified this abbey ; but on the approach of Sir Charles Willmot, they set fire to it, and destroyed the fortifications. In the twenty-third of Elizabeth, a lease was granted fo John Zouche, of this abbey, for the term cf twenty-one years, at the yearly rent of seventy-nine pence, Irish money. Skellig, an island about ten miles from the main land, of the bai-ony of Iveragh. Founded by St. Finan. A.D. 812, the Danes plundered and destroyed the abbey ; kept tho monks in close confinement until they perished from huno'er. A.D. 860, the abbey was rebuilt. A.D. 885, died the abbot Flan MacCellach. The situation of the abbey being too mucJi exposed, and the ingress and egress extremely hazardous, it was removed to the main land, (Bal- lynaskeltg.) Tralee, in the barony of Trughanackmy— a parliamentary borough. Tlio Dominican convent of Tralee, under the invocation of the Holy Cro33, was fo'-ided by Lord John Fitzthomas, A.D. 1213. In 1261 the founder and his son Maurice were slain at Oallin, in the principality of Desmond, and were interred in this abbey. The celebrated Daniel O'Daly, alias Dominicus de Rosario, Avas a native of Kerry, born in the year 1595, and an alumnus of the convent of Tralee. He retired at an early age to the Dominican convent of Lugo, in Gallicia, where he made his solemn profession, and afterwards completed his ecclesiastical studic? at Burgos, in old Castile ; he soon after returned to his native convent of Trulee. About the year 1624, the Irish Dominican college at Louvain had been founded. Students, in large numbers from Ireland, repaired thither, aiul in a few years it be- came an establishment of importance. In comi)]iance with the instruc- tions of the provincial, Ni(!holas Lyncli, O'Daly {.rocceded to Louvain, where he was constituted lecturer in divinity. His learning and his vir- tues rendered him a general favorite; and bc'-ig moreover a man of consummate prudence and address, he w-ns regarded with peculiar esteem by Philip IV., then king of Spain and Portugal. Daniel O'Dalv ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORT OF IRELANH. 477 long contemplated tlie design of establisliing an Irish Dominican col- lege at Lisbon, and having repaired thitlier, with three other eminent Irish Dominicans, and having procured the assistance of the Portuguese provincial and the patronage of the arclibishop of Lisbon, he obtained possession of a small hospital in the street " Rua nova de Almada," near tlie king's palace, and was appointed its rector, A.D. 1634. On the elevation of the duke of Braganza (John IV.), to the throne of Portugal, O'Daly was nominated one of the queen's confessors, and ■was so highly esteemed by the king, that in 1665, he was sent as am- bassador to the court of Lewis IV., in order to treat of a league and affinity between the two crowns ; in tlie meantime his iii-st establisli- ment became celebrated, and it produced several missionaries, eminent for virtue and learning, and who heroically sealed their faith with their blood, during the pei-secution of Cromwell. Under the auspices of tiie Queen Lucia, and at the instance of O'Daly, the college of Corpo Santo was founded, on tlie -ith of May, A.D. 165D. Through the in- strumentality of this zealous ecclesiastic, a convent was also erected for Irish Domim'can nuns, at Balem, t. considerable fortress situated at the north of the Tagus, and about three miles west of Lisbon. Ilavinw been appointed to the archbishoprics of Braga and Goa, he declined ac- cepting of tliose dignitie.4 ; but at length yielding to the entreaties of his friends, and with a view of advancing the interests of Corpo Santo, he gave his consent to undertake the government of the diocese of Co- imbra ; but before his consecration could have taken place he died in his own convent of Corpo Santo, on the 30th of June, A.D. 1662, and in the sixty-seventh of his age, having governed tliut college and tin former one with great applause, twenty-eight years. The twenty-sixth of Elizabeth this friary was found to be in posses- sion of a considerable property, which has been granted to Sir Thomas Denny, by whom the building has been repaired and modernized. I ' I # 478 EOOLKSIASTICAL HI8T0BY OF lEELAND 1 CHAPTER XLYin. COUNTY OF KILDARE. ^ Arnr, in the barony of Noragli and Rhcban. A friary for crouched friars was erected under the invocation of St. Thomas, by Richard le' St. Michael, in tlie reign of King John. A.D. 1347, John was prior. A.D. 1531, the pri )ry paid proxies to the arclibisliop of Diihlin. A.D. 1575, August the 8th, a lease of this priory was granted to Anthony Fewer, which, having reverted to the crowtT, was conferred by act of parliament, in the eighteenth of Charles II., on dame Marv Meredith. ^ Dominican friary, on the east side of the bridge, wivs founded by the famdies of Boiseles and Ilogana, A.D. 12.-)3. (i' Moral chapters of the order had been held in this convent in 1288 1295 and 13C5. ' It was gi-antcd, in the thirty-fifth of king Henry VIII., to Martin Pelles, at an annual rent of 28. 8d. Castledermot. Saint Diermot is supposed to have been the founder m the fith contury, wliose memory was celebrated on the 8th of July. Tliis saint al,s<. foundod the nmnastery of (Jloan-ussen, i)r..bably in tlio Quecn'8 county. He is dilierent from the St. Diermit of Innisclothran, in I/)iigh Ree. The latter Diermit was contemporary with St. Senan, and u particu- lar friend of his. He- is sai.l t.. have descended of the illustrious house of Hy-lMachra (Tirerngh), of (\.m.aught, and is supposed to have founded hm monastery of Innisdothran, in Lough Ree (Longford), about the year 540. He 18 usually styled j.riest and abbot. The year of his death is unknown. Tiie day marked as such is the lOth of January. St. Fed- Iimid of Kilinoro is said to have been his brother. A.D. 842 0-- 844, tlie Danes sacked the abbey. The learruul and pious al.b..t Snedgus, of Castledermot, was the pre- ceptor of Cormac mac Cullenan, bishop and king of Minister. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OK IRELAND. 479 A.D. 919, died the abbot Carpreus, justly venerated for his years and exemplary life. He was a holy anchorite, and in his time, head of reli- gion in Ireland. A.D. 1040, the abbey was pillaged. Abbey of Crouclied Friars. In the reign of king John this estab- lishment was founded by Walter de Riddlesford, lord of the town. It was situated without the town walls and adjoining the road which leads to Dublin. According to the tradition of the place, its erection is due to the knights Templar. A.D. 1264, Richard de Rnpella, lord justice of Ireland, with tiie lord Tlieobald Eutler, and the lord John de Cogan, were taken pri- soners by Maurice Fitzgerald and Maurice Fitimaurice of Tristledermot, alias Castledermot. A.D. 1531, this priory paid proxies to the archbishop of Dublin. In the 8th of Elizabotli, Ilicharu Keating wjis granted a part of the possessions of this hospital. In the 20th of queen Klizabeth, another portion was given to tiie burgesses and commonalty of Athenry ; and Sir Henry Harrington, knight, died, in 1612, seized of this hospital and its possessions. The castle of this hosjjital still remains. Franciscan friary. This house was founded for Conventual Francis- cans, in the year 1302, by Tliomas, lord Olfaley, to which the family of De la Iloyde were great benefactoi-s. A.D. 1316, the Scotch, under Bruce, destroyed this convent, took away its books, vestments, and ormuuents. They were soon after de- feated by the lord Ednumd Butler, near the town. A.D. i;i2S, Thomas, the second earl of Kildare, who built the chapel of St. Mary in this convent, died. A.I), 1499, on the 26th of August, a parliament was held here, in whicli an act was passed, imposing a penalty on any lady who did not use a saddle, when she rode out. Clane gives its name to the barony. Saint Ailbe of Kmly is said to liavo presented St. Sinell, senior, with n cell, In which ho had lived himself for some time, at Clane. Sinell was the son of Kiufinnain and grandson of Imchad, of the royal blood of Leinster. It is not known how long Sinell renuiined at Clane, nor is the year of the do!iati.)n by Ailbe of Emiy ascertained. It may have been about the year 500. As Clane wtis not then a j.onnanent establishment, Sinell moved to Kil- leigh, wlioro he eNtablished a monastery, which in coni-so of time became !t. Sinell, the friend of the trreat Ailbe. im Htvl.wl m fed I'ory Bcuior to distinguish him from Sinell. wl 10 wiis a relative of his, and . ji 480 ECJCLKSIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. priest, and who lived with him at his monastciy of Killeigh. IIavinitants contiguous to it were exempt froin the usual burdens of the country. In the centre of a circle there was a stone vvn.s and two yew-trees, from one of which hung a bell. The iioiise of Cloonagh existed about the year L'JUlJ, for at that time tlio priests thereof procured lands in perpetuity, cmitrarv to the statute of mortmain, and without tlio king's license. Jo|,„ J.ye, of liathbride seized of certain lands in the townland of Cloonagh, k-velled the liniitl «nhom she spent a considerable t.me, and who lived near the soa. In those early duy« of St. liriDjtt, {Idtroniu o( Jttlanb. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 485 . the church of Ireland, before the erection of nunneries, virgins conse- crated to God were wont to liv« with their friends and relatives, and could, as often as duty required, appear in public, their virtue and sanctity being, as Fleury observe., their cloister. We next find her in the plain of Chach, in the county of Limerick, where she obtained, it is said, from a chieftam, liberty for a man whom he held in chains. From that country she went to the territory of Labrathi, (Ily Kinsellagh) in south Lemster,and tarried there for some time: having not seen her father for several years, she theuoc proceeded to his residence to pay him a . visit, and after a short stay, set out for Connaught and fixed lier resi- dence, together with some ladies of her institution, in (he plain of Magh-ai or Hai, in the level country of Roscommon. While in this territory, she was occupied in forming various establishments for per- sons ot her own sex according to the rule she had drawn up As the great reputation of St. Brigid and the supernatural gifts with M-lnch she was endowed, atfacted persons from all parts of Ireland to the p ace ot her residence, the people of Leinster thought that thev were best entitled to her services as being of a Leinster family they accordingly sent a deputation to the part of Conuaught where she then was, consisting of several respectable persons and friends of hers to request that she .vould come and fix her residence among her own people : she acceded to their wishes, and having arrived in that district was received with the greatest joy-she was immediately provided with a residence for hei-self and the pious companions of. her journeys, and to which was annexed some land as a help towards the mainten- anceof her establishment; this place obtained the name of Kildare there being a large oak tree near her habitation. St. E-ifrid and her nuns were poor and frequently alms were brought to I 'nunnery- Btill, whatever she possessed she liberally shared with the poor, and it is ea.d, that in order to find relief for the destitute she gave in charity some very valuable vestments, the bishops used to wear on solemn ft>st,vals: to strangei-s, and particularly bishops and religious persons she wiis particularly hospitable; her humility was so great, that she occasionally tended the cattle on her land. The establishment at Kildare being resorted to from all quartei-s it became necessary to enlarge the buildings in proportion to the number of her nuns and postulants ; as well m jirovido for the spiritual direc- tion and assistance, both for the institution itself and its frequent visitors. And knowing that such an advantage could not bo efficiently supi.hod without a bishop, she applied and procured the appointment ol a holy man to preside over the nascent church of Kihlare and the othera belonging to her institute. Sonu; priml^ge of this sort existed in the daya i'H •- ti \ 486 EOCLESIASTICAL HiSTOKY OF lEELAND. I I of Cogitosus, as Kildare was the ecclesiastical metropolis of leinster. This is perhaps one of the earliest instances of religious being exempted from the jurisdiction of the ordiniiry or tiie bishop of the district in which such houses were situated— Coulaeth was the person whom St. Brigid recommended as worthy of being raised to the exalted dignity of bishop. In his transit to the other life St. Conlaeth, bishop of Kildare, preceded the holy foundress, having died on tlie 3d of May, 519. Tlie nunnery of Kildare was founded about the year 487. St. Brigid died on the Ist of February, 525, as St. Columbkille is said to have been born four years prior to the death of our national patroness, A.D. 521. A monastery for canons of St. Augustine was founded at Kildare, of which St. Natfroich is said to have been the first abbot— he was the priest who attended the institution of St. Brigid before the appointment of its first bishop— he is spoken of as the spiritual companion of St. Brigid, and to have remained with her all his life, notwithstanding the superintendence of Conlaeth, and it is also stated, tliat he was wont to read in tlie refectory Avhile the nuns were at their meals. St. Derlugdacha, who is said to have been a great ikvorite with St. Brigid, succeeded as abbess and survived her only a year, llie least of this saint is observed also on the 1st February. A.D. 694, died tlie abbot Loclicn " the wise and the silent." A.D. 72G, died tlie abbess St. Sebdana, daughter of Corcius. A.D. 738, died the abbess St. AfFrica. A.D. 747, died tlie abbot Catliald Mac Frivilege of u sanctuary. Abban was of a Leinster family. This monastery is supposed to lia^' taken" Hrwt:^"l,r^'""' " ' ^-^-"^^■^-- ^« ^^- -er IJarrow. the iiisli wo)(l Aljhan " meaning a river. i* X 1178, Derinod O'Dempsey, prince of Offaley, founded the Cis- ^rcian abbey of Monasterevin (de Kosea valle), under the inv a^I ot the Virgin Mary, and richly endowed it. A.D. UUd, the abbot John was appointed bishop of leic^hlin A.D 1297, the al>bot, accused of harboring Mrish felons", plundere,^ and robbers" of Oiialey into his house, appeared and pleaded, "at ,1 mona^tory wa. situated in the marches and out ..r the ^aie, an t a never, knowingly, received any persons " this stamp. The jury how! ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 489 ever, adiiiitting that he iiad not voluntarily harbored such men nor had the power of resisting or detaining them, fined him half a marc, because he did not raise the " hue and cry." The abbot of Monasteverin sat as a baron in parliament. At the general suppression, this abbey was granted to George, lord Audley, who assigned it to Adam Loftus, viscount Ely. It has finally fallen into the hands of the earl of Drogheda, by wliom it has been moderni-cd, still retaining its veneru i monastic appearance, and is at present known as Moore abbey. Moone, formerly a Franciscan monastery. Tliere is still a large church in ruins. An old cross still remains, with several Irish inscrip- tions. It has been iisual to erect crosses near 'lo entrances to monas- teries, by whic] 'le sanctity of the place was brought to the mind of the beholder, r ly which ladies were reminded, that tlieir presencs within the preci. s or enclosures of these retreats was not permitted. Kaas, formerly a place of importance, as the kings of Leinster re- sided at Naas. It is a market town and borough. Tlie baron of Naas founded the priory of canons regular of St. Augus- tine, in the 12th century. A.D. 1317, Tliomas was prior In the reign of Elizabeth it was discovered that part of the posses- sions of this liouse was concealed by Edward Misset, of Dowdington. Richard Manneriiig obtained by patent, A.D. 1553, the possessions of this house, value yearly £35 18s. 2d. The Domim'eau abbey, in the centre of the town, was erected by the family of Eustace, for this order, inider tlie invocation of St. Eustachius, martyr, A.D. 13r)5, from whose family they were descended. At the dissolution of monasteries, the property of this house was granted to Sir Tlionuis Luttrell, who assigned them to John Travers, kniglit. A public inn has been erected on the site of this monastery. Tlie Augiistinian abbey of Eremites was founded in the year 1484. Its ruins are still to be seen at the foot of the mount, which lies at the farther end of the town. June Gth, twenty-sixth of queen Elizabeth, a lease of this abbey, for the term of fifty years, was granted to Nicholas Ayhner. New Abbey, on tlie river Lilfey, and near Kilciillen bridge. Sir Rowland Eustace founded this abbey, for the strict observants ot the Franciscan order, in the year 14G0. A.D. 1470, the founder died and. was interred in the chancel. August 24th, 1.582, a iesise of tliis abbey was granted to Edmond Spenser at the yearly n xt of £3 Irish money. 490 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF mELAND. Sir Henry irarrington was seized of its proi)erty in May, 1012. A great part of the church still remains. The steeple fell to the ■ ground about tlie year 1764. Saint Woolstan's, in the barony of Salt, near Leixlip, and on the river Liffey. Adam de Hereford founded this priory, for canons of St Victor, A.D. 1202, in honor of St. Woolstan, the bishop of Worcester' then placed on the calendar. William was the firet prior to whom de Hereford granted lands on the river Liffey. A.D. 1308, John lo Decor, Mayor of Dublin, erected tho bridge near this j>riory, at his own expense, over the Liffey. A.D. 1300, died Maurice, earl of Kildare, a munificent benefactor to this abbey. A.D. 1530, Richard Weston was the 'last prior. Henry VIH. granted this abbey, with its extensive possessions, to Allan, of Norfolk" master of the rolls, in 153S, and afterwards lord cliancellor, in whoso fa.udy It continued until the year 1752, when, by order of tlie court oi exche.iuer it was sold,-purchfised by the parliamentary bishop of Clogher, llobort Clayton, who bequeathed it to his niece, Anne, tho wife of Thoniiis Bernard, bishop by royal i)atent, of Ivilialoe ; and wo are now consoled by the fact, that the right reverend purchaser has made extensive alterations and additions, whereby St. Woolstan's has become an elegant edifice, in which ((^f coui^e) the pro])erty of tho church ;, the poor of Ciirist is liberally spent on my lord's sons and daughf( Li Ireland, tho appr .priation of the church property to the support of an alien establishment, and to such purposes as tlie history of Saint Woolstan's develops, is tlie monste- evil of that unforU.nato country. In Kngland it is quite otherwise, because tho masses of the people have embraced the state religion ; and wliere, if it has not ])roduced tho heart-burnings and the massacres which peculiarly belong to it in Ire- land, it lias engendered evil of anotlier and a worse desn-ipti )n : gene- ral depravity, iiMlifferei.ce to revealed truths, infidelity, blasphemy against ('rod and his saints. It is a tact, and a melancholy one, and which cannot bo contro- verted, that the fnmilies of Protestant clergymen, who decry tlie salu- tary diseij-line of celibacy in the Catholic priesthood, chiJtly supply that staff of unfortunate females who infest the streets of London. Of the ancient priory of St. Wool-tan's, which was of considerable extent, two towei-s and two largo gateways, tliat have been arched remain, ' Timolin, in the barony of iVorah and Rheban. Of an oneient abbey founded hero, wo have no account, except tliut it was plundered bv (he KCCLE8USTICAL HISTORY OF ntKLAlTO. 491 Danes in 835, and that Doulih MacScalvoy, -wlio was abbot of Timolin and lector of Glendalogb, died in the year 927. Robert, lora of Norah, about the beginning of tlio reign of king John, founded tliis abbey for nuns of the order of Aroasia under the in- vocation of the IHrgin Mary, and placed therein his daughter, Leoelina. William Piro, bishop of Glendalogh, was a benefactor to this convent. A.D. 1220, Henry, archbishop of Dublin confirmed tlie prioress and nuns in their possessions. This house paid proxies to the s j of Dublin. May 6tli, twenty-third of Elizabeth, this nuimery, with its posses- sions, was granted to Henry Harrington, and his heirs, in capite, at the annual rent of £21 10s., Irish money. TuUy, about a mile south of Kildare. A commandery of knighta hospitallers. A.D. 129.T. Tliomas was prior. A.D. 1320, a chapter of tiie order was held here. A.D. 1337, Richard do Bran was preceptor. A cliapter held hero. Four others held. Sir Henry Harrington and his heirs obtained a grant of its posses- sions, three hundred acres of land, at the annual rent of £21 6s. 8d. The commandery is now always hold by the bishop of Ivildare, in commend am. i«j 192 EOC'LESIAB'ilOAL HISTOBY OF IRELAND. CHAPTER XLIX. COUNTY OF KILKENNY. Callan, in the barony of Kclls, formerly a walled town, and of great note. James, carl of Orraond founded the Augustinian friary of Eremites about tlie year 1487. ' William O'Fogarty was the last prior. On the 13th of December 1557, this convent, with a portion of its appurtenances, was granted' for ever, to Thoma^i, earl of Orinond. * The tower and walls still reniiiin. Chantry. In the parish church of Callan, were two chantries under the invocation of the Holy Trinity and St. Catharine. The nave of this church, with its fine lateral aisles, still remains in g„od j.rescrva- tion. The tomb of the founder's family, now ivy-clad, adjoins the choir. Diarniagh, now Durrow, formerly part of the Queen's county. St Fintan Maehhibh, who succeeded St. Fintan, abbot of Cloncnagh, is paid to have been the founder of Dermagh, in the north of Ossory but nothing satisfactory is known of it. Ferfagh. The family of 151anchlicld founded this priorv, uni ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0ET OF XKELAND. 493 BODS of Conar II., formerly king of Ireland ; he is called by some the Bon of Torben, and by others of Corpre, the son of Nuachar. He founded this extensive monastery of Freshford. In the life of St. Car- thag, of Lisinore, it is related, that while he was at Rathen, before his expulsion from that place, Lactean, moved by pity for the distressed state of Carthag's community, brought him a present of thirty cows, a bull, two herdsmen, and some utensils. He is called in various martyrologies a bishop. He died on the 19th of March, A.D. C23. Graigiiemanach — Vale of St. Saviour. A.D. 1204, was founded this abbey r Cistercians, under the invocation of the Mother of God, by Williaiu Mareschal earl of Pembroke. A.D. 1225, William, junior, confirmed the donations in land of his father to this abbey. A.D. 1330, Richard O'Nolan was besieged in the steeple of this abbey, and was compelled to deliver his son as a hostage for his future good conduct. A.I). 1380, It was enacted by parliament, that no mere Irishman should make profession in this abbey. A.D. 1524, Charles O'Cavanagh, the abbot, made a present to the abbey of a beautiful cross of silver, richly gilt, and adorned with pre- cious Htont's ; ho also purchased for the moiuistery several rich vest- ments, and attended the Lateran council held in 1515 and 151G, an vicar-general to the bishop of Leighlin. A.D. 1537, a pension of £10 annually was granted to the last abbot, Charles Mac Murrough ( )'Cavcnagh. By an iiKiuisition hehl in the ninth year of Elizabeth, this abbey was found to possess six Imiulred and twenty acres of arable and pas- ture land, eight townlands, and eleven recto'-ies, with the tithes and alterages of the sanu'. The properties of this abbey were granted by patent to Sir Kdwanl liiitler, of Lowgrange, and to James Butler, junior, at tiie annual rent of £11 Irish. Jerpoint, in the barony of Knoctophor. This abbey was founded for Cistercians, in 1 1 SO, by Donahl, prince of Ossory, and was richly endowed by the fojiiider. A.D. 1202, died the bishop of Ossory, Felix O'DuUuny. Many miracles were wrought at his tomb, on tlio north side of tlio altar. A.D. 1380. Though this house wns founded by an Irish prince, the infamous niuxctment of excluding mere Irishmen was onforcet« of .leruoint were lords of parliament. Oliver Grace was the last abbot. By an inquisition tukon in the thirty-firet of king Henry VIII. tho • 1 I 1 1 1 ; ^B f ^w ? ^Ml r ' ii4^ 1 k T^ JpTj^Mfc i ^i^^mK 7f HnH t M I ^H 1 r 1 494 BCX!LE8U8TICAI, HI8T0BY OF IRELAOT). possessions of Jerpoint consisted of fifteen messuages and 220 acres of and m Jerpoint ; four water-.uiUs, .arty-three messuages, 1320 acres or , iund m various parts of tiie country, togetlier witli rectories, all of which rt'oSls!"/""''' '"' '' ""'"'"'' '" ''''' '^ ^^^P^*^' '' *'^ "'""'^l Inistioge, in the barony of Gowran, on the river Nore. Thomas, the eon of Anthony, seneschal of Loinster, founded tliis house, A.D. 1206 for Z^Zt^Z^^''-''^'''''''''''^'' ' '' ''' VirginMotherof A.D. 1324, died David the prior, who was venerated as an honorable and exemplary man. Milo Barron, alhis FitzGerald, was the last prior. At a great ex- pense he built a new steeple to this priory, and a cloister adjoinia.. it He obtained an annual pension of £20 Irish money, when the monas- tery was suppressed. Milo died, A.D. 1551, and was interred in this priory. By an inquisition in the thirtyfii-st of Henry VIII., its possessions consisted ot nine hundred and fifty acres situated in the counties of Kil- kenny, Carlow, and Wexford, nine rectories, eighteen burgages, and thirty-mne messuages, all of win,!,, with the exception of the rectories were granted, in the tenth of Elizabeth, to Edmund Butler and his heirs' at the yearly rent of £28 12s. Irish. . ' Kells, an ancient walled town, gives its name to the barony Geoffrey FitzKubert, founded this abbey, for canons regular of St Augustine, A.D. 1103, which was dedicated to the Vir.nn Marv h was supplied with monks from the monastery of Bodmin, in Cornwall btrongbow earl of Strigul, wi;s the advisor of this pious act and the patron ot the iou.uler, to whom he assigned the barony of Kells as his share ot the spods. While some of the English settle., were founding monastic e.tah ishments, others were engaged m destroying them and the towns in which they were situated. A.D. 1252, the lord William de Ber.ningham burned Kells. towf'^' ^^'^^' '''^ ^^^•'''"'"«'""" "''*! the Eitz(Jerald8 burned tha Tlie fcnmdation of this -tablishment was coidinned by Fdix o'DuI- any, bishop of Ossory and by various charters during the reigns f liu-hard II. and Henry IV. The prior of Kells sat as a baron in pa h' ment. r« ast prior was Philip Hoh-gau, who surre„v CoI„,an Mac" Fon^d "e pnnce of Ossojy, founded, it is said, son.e otl^.. establish m:t^ country Wuh the saints Colnn.ba, Brendan, Co.ngail, Fi 1" J u^d.enus, he was connected with ties of mutua'l attachn. nt. S.. was occasionally endowo.l with supernatural gifts. Knowin-^ bv • J^velation, that St Co.un>.>a, to wL>n. he wa^vcy "irZ ^ '3 ns co„,pan,ons to have been in a perilous sitnati,; at sea in t o! d "f safety. He ,vas eq.ndly versed in the art of composing b.uks, rs a bio- grnpher and poet, a life of (..|„„.,,, „,„, ,,,,„„/,, ^^.^^ ;; "^ - dnarch bo.ng attri.u.ted to hi„.. Having govern.Vhis n.on cry o Aghaboe as abbot and priest, St. Cainnech died in the 84th yen 7l.l! age, on the 11th of October, A.U. 599. ^ "^^ '"' A.D. 1084, the town was consumed by firo A.D. 117.S, Donald O'Hrien, King of n.omond, retracted his homage to k.ng Henry 11., and at the head of his troops o m1 demol.shcd the castle of Kilkenny, and destroyed al the / Lh Bettlements in that country. J'^ngiisH St. John's abbey was founded in the beginning of the 13th century, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 497 about the year 1212, by William Maresclial, the elder, Earl of Pem- broke, on the east side of the town and near the head of the small bridge, for tlie relief of the indigent poor, to which ho made large and extensive grants. A.D. 1308, Robert was prior. ' A.D. 1500, James Shortliall was prior. Richard Cantwell was the last prior ; in the thirty-first of Henry VIII,, he was forced to surrender the monastery, being then seized of the same, a church, belfry, and cemetery, hall, dormitory, six chambera, a kitchen, store, granary, two orchards, three gardens and sundry other closes, containing four acres within the precincts of the al)bey. The ruins of this building still remain in Jolm street. The prior paid £4 proxies to the bishop. Tiiis monastery was granted to the mayor and citizens of Kilkenny, with 102 acres of land and forty gardens ; a water-mill, a wood ami 200 acres of land adjoining, with ten messuages and 200 acres in Drakeland in the county, and one other messuaoe in Kilkenny, to hold tlie same for ever in mortmain. The Black Abbey in Irishtown was founded for Dominicans in the year 1225, by William Mareschal, junior, earl of Pembroke, in honor of the lioly Trinity. A.D. 125i), Hugh, bishop of Ossory, made many donations to this liODse — a chief rent arising from two messuages in Friar street and the wel. :f St. Canice with an aquediict. General diapters of the order were held in the yeare 1281, 1302, 1300, and 134(1. I'eter Cantwell was tlie last ])rior. Was found seized by the royal inquisitors of tlia saiil priory, containing within the precincts a cinircli and belfry, a small castle near the cliurcli, a dormitory, and beneath it the chapter-house, a cliaiuber, called the king's chamber, an«l adjoining it a small turret, a castle over the gate and three small giii.l 'iis Ac. In the thirtv tiftli of Henry VIH., this monastery with its property was granted to Waller Archer, tin- sovereign and to the i)urgesses and commonalty of Kilkenny for ever, at the yearly rent of 12s. 4d. Irish. This noble structure was situated in that ^mrt of the Irisli-town, called the Huts. These Ihits or im\rks were erected for archers trying .their skill, before the material of gunpowder was discovered. 1'he friars continuecf until the year 1744, that in which they were aUt)gether re- Tiioved from the convent through the bigotry of local and inferior magis- trates. This ancient and beautiful edifice had been entirely demolished with the excepfioii of the tower and the principal r-niitli ai-!e of the clinrch. About the year ISIO, the abbey was repairt-i and adorned in a style of 3Si M : !4| 498 KCCLKSIASTICAL HISTORY OF TRELAND. Bupei'ior elegance. Its immense window of stained glsvss, and tlie inter- nal decorations, contrasted witli the ivy-mantled tower and the massive pile of ruins which surround it, have coTitributed to render the black abbey of Kilkenny one of the most venerable and magnificent remains of monastic antiquity in the kingdom. The air of Kilkenny is the most salubrious of Ireland ; its coal being of the antliracrite description, burns without flame, and does not pro- duce smoke. The Franciscan friary, situated on the banks of the river Eyre, im- properly called Nore, was founded f)r conventu.al Franciscans, by liichard Mareschal, earl of Pembroke. A.D. 1244, King Henry III. granted £20 annually to the Fran- ciscans of Kilkenny, Dublin, "Waterford, Cork, and Athlone, for the purpose of buying them tunicks. A.D. 1277, a provincial chapter of the order was held here. A.D. 1347, died Elizabctli Palmer, who built, at her own expense, the forepart of the choir. It is said that slie died a virgin at the age of seventy years, though married very young, and to several husbands. Tliis is not an extraordinary instance in Ireland, remarkable as it is above any other country for tlie purity and virtue of its mothoi's and daughters. The most embittered enemies of Ireland and of the faith, which the masses of her j)eople profess, are coerced into the n luiission of this fact so creditable to the character of the Irish female. Even in the British senate, the lords and commoner i the empire bear testi- mony to the truth of their virtue. And on a recent occasion, a tourist, Sir Francis Head, who was desirous to obtain "particular inforiiiation on this particular point," acknowledges this extraordinary characteristic of Irish women. In country j)arishes, with a population of several thousands, the pa- rochial registry seldom attests an illegitimate birth ; but this is the case in parislies wliere the membere of (he Protestant church are not lo- cated. A.D. 1350, this year a great and nnivej-sal pestilence raged through- out the kim^'dom, of which vast luuubers died, and amongst the rest the celeljrated annalist and friar .lohn C'lynne. John Clynno was the tii-st guardian of the Franciscan convent o^ Carrick-on-Suir, in 1336. Soon aflter he rojiaired to the abbey of Kil- kenny, in which he is said to have written the greater ])art of his an- nals ; they commence with the Christian era, and in a concise but ]»er- sj)icnous manner, are brought in chronological order to the year 1313. From this period tlie annalist becomes more circumstantial, and con- tinues his chronicle to the close of the year 1350. During the time BOCLK8IA8TICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 499 that he was compiling his annals, in 1349, this dreadful pestilence raged all over the country, so that it was almost depopulated, and our annalist, as is supposed, became a victiiu to this frightful visitation. At the conclusion of his annals, in 1349, giving an account of this merci- less visitor, he says : " But I, brother John Clynne, a Franciscan friar of the convent of Kilkenny, have, in this book, written the memorable things occurring in my time, of which I was either an eye witness or learned them from the relation of such as were worthy of credit. Moreover, that these notable transactions might not perish by time, and vanish out of the memory of our successoi-s, seeing the many evils that encompass us, and every symptom placed, aa it were, under an evil influence, expecting death among the dead, until it comes. Such things as I have delivered with veracity, and liave strictly examined, I have reduced into writing ; and lest tlie writing should perish with the writer, and the work should fail with the workman, I leave behind me parchment for continuing it, if any man should have the good fortune to survive tliis calamity, or any one of the race of Adam should escape tliis pestilence, and live to continue what I have begun." These annals remained in the possession of the Franciscans of Kil- Innny until about the time of Cromwell ; they w^e afterwards faith- fully transcribed through the means of Sir James Lee, earl of Marl- biirg, on wiiicli occasion the copy was carefully deposited in the hands of Henry, earl of Bath, on condition tluit it should be printed. The last guardian of this abbey was Patrick Delanj"^ ; and in the thirteenth of Henry VIII. it was, with its appurtenances, nine town- lands, granted to the sovereign, burgesses, and commonalty of Kil- kenny. The building, with its offices, occupied the entire site, from the river to the street of Irishtown. Tlie gr*^at chancel of the church -still re- mains, with its tower, wliicli is both light and lofty. Its halls of philo- sophy and divinity were frequented during a long series of years ; and tlie venerable ruins, still remaining, clearly evince its former grandeur and magnificence. Near the infirmary of this abbey is a well, which was sacred to St. Francis, and which was formerly celebrated for tlie miracles said to have been performed there. Kilhnanagh. in the barony of Crannagh, and eight miles west of Kilkenny. St. Natalis is said to have been the founder. He was the eon of King Aongus, of Ciu^hel, and is much spoken of in the transac- tions of St, SenHius, of Inniscathv, His nieinnry is colobnited at Kill- managh, on the 31st of July. As his father, Aongus, was slain in 490, •we can form an idea of the time in which this saint flourished. There i '?* £ '-L ffll ill 4J ■■■■II 500 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OP mELAND. < 18 mention of another St. Natalia, of Breffrny and Devenish, whose fes- tival is observed on the 27th of January, and who is said to have been abbot of the latter monastery, St. Molaisse having died A.D. 564- or 671. These saints are considered to be distinct pereons (Lanigan is of this opinion). St. Natalia, son of Aengus, if young at the time of his father's death, could have lived to succeed St. Molaisse, as his imme- diate representative. AVliether they be different or otherwise, the Irish saints seem to have been of a migratory disposition, and were, many of them, fond of solitude and retirement, in places wiiere they were not known. A.D. 842, died the abbot Breasall MacAngne. Others place him as abbot of Killmanagh, in the county of Sligo. Knoctopher gives its name to the barony, formerly the territory in which tlie Walshes were located. A.D. 1356, James, second earl of Ormond, founded a Carmelite friary in the town of Knocktopher, under the invocation of the Virgin Mary. • A.D. 1396, Henry Brown was prior. AVilliam was the last prior. The priory, with its appurtenances, was granted in the fliirty-fourth of Ileiny VIIL, to Patrick Barnewall, for ever, at tlie animal rent of 4s., Irisli money. Koisborcan, in the barony of Iborcon, on tlie river Barrow. Tlie families of Grace and Walsh founded the iibhey of Rossbercoi., for Do- minicans, under the invocation of tlie Virgin Mary, in September, 1267. At tlie period of the foundation of this ecclesiastical ediiice, the family of Walsii enjoyed vast possessions in tliis county. The baron of Courtstown, Grace, married Ilonoria, the dowager of Walter Walsh, of Castle Hoel, Baron Shanaclier and lord of Walsli's country, aiul by the • marriage of his descendant with Elizabeth Walsli, and of John Brvan, of IJawmnore, with Ursula AValsli, whoso only surviving cliild, I'^liza- beth Bryan, married Oliver Grace, of Gracefield, the two (laughters and eveiiMial co-iieirs of Walter Walsli and of JMagdalen Shetiield ; the Graces of Courtstown and of Gracetield, became the representatives of tlie Walsh of Castlehoel, or the elder branch. From the yourigor branches sprung the Walshes, lords of Brabant and counts of Serant in France. Count Walsh, the last survivor of the Irish brigade, died in France, In the month of December, 1852. ACathew Fleming was the last prior of this house, which ho surren- dered, i. e., forced to, in the thirty-first of King Henry VIII. Tho ECCLKSIASriCAL HISTORY OF IKELAHD. 501 royal spoliation was conferred, by patent, on John Parker, and after- wards on Jtiliii Blake. From the ruins of this monastery, it can be inferred, that it was not an ignoble structure. Tibruch-Fachtna, a town of ancient repute, and on the banks of tha Suir. St. Douiiioc, or Modoninoc, i.e., my Dominick, as the "Mo" was a prcK.x, expressing affection, or endearment — a disciple of Saint David ; was of the princely house of tlie Nialls, son of Saranus, and fourth in descent from Eugene, one of the sons of Nidi Neigilliuch. Scarcely an_y thing is known of the earlier part of his life, except that, on returning to Ireland from St. David's, after having conqjleted his etudies, he brought with him swarms of bees to Ireland, which are strangely said to have been the fii-st in the island. This assertion is a mistake, as St. Patrick makes mention of wild honey, as well-known in Ireland, and as the rule of St. Ailbe of Emly orders that a portion ot honeycomb should be allowed the monks at their meals. St. Donmoc settled in this place of Tipraid ; but it is not known whether it was a monastery or a simple church. The year of his death is not on record ; the day for his festival was observed at this church on the 13th of February. St. Domangart is mentioned as a brother of his, Avho is different from the saint of that name who foimded his monastery at the foot ot Slicve Donard, and from whom that mountain has taken its appel- Lition. 503 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. CHAPTEE L. KING'S COUNTY. BffiR, in the barony ot Fercail. St. Brendan, senior, of " Biorra, or Birr," to distinguish him from Brendan, junior, of Clonfert, was the son of Liiaigene, and is stated to liave been of an ilhist-ious family of Munster. He is reckoned among the relatives of St. Src, of Slane, and the de- scendant of prince Corb, who resided in the Decies. Clonard was the school in which he received his education, and among the principal disci})les of St. Finnian he was highly esteemed for his sa -.ity and supernatural gifts as a prophet. He was intimate with the Kierans, Brendan of Clonfert, and chiefly with Columbkille, to whom he ren- dered an important service. St. Adamnan relates, that a certain synod, supjwsed to have been lield in Geashill, in the lung's county, had issued a sentence of excom- munication, not a just one, however, against Columba, on account of some ven.al and excusable proceeding. On the arrival of Columba at the synod, Brendan, who saw him at a distance, rose up, saluted him with great respect, and embraced him. Some of the assistants or prin- cipals at the synod, taking Brendan apart, remonstrated with him for having shewn such attention to a pei-son wliom they had so severely censured. Brendan replied, " If you had seen what the Lord has been pleased to make manifest to me this day concerning this elect of his whom you are dishonouring, you would never have passed that sen- tence : whereas the Lord does not in suiy manner excommunicate him in virtue of your wrong sentence, but rather exalts him still more and more." They, then asking how this could liave been, were assured by Brendan, that he saw a luminous pillar a.lvancing before this man of God, when on his way, and holy angel- accompanying him through the pla.n. Therefore, added Brendan, I da,-e not treat with contempt, him V m I see preordained by God, as a guide of nations unto life. Upon which the whole proceedings were withdrawn, and the whole synod paid Columba the greatest respect and veneration. ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOBY OF IRELAND. 608 At what precise period St. L/endan founded the monastery of Birr is not recorded. It must liavo beei) founded before the year 563, tliat in which St. Cohunba repaired to the north of Scotland. Brendan died on tlie 29th of November, A.D. 571. The exit of Brendan to the other life was revealed to St. Columba, then in Hy, the very moment it hap- pened. In one of the lives of Columba it is said, that Brendan had composed sr-me verses concernini^ tlie virtues and exemplary conduct of St. Columba, who was much esteemed by the abbot of Birr.' During the administration of the abbot St. Kilian, in the seventh century, the reputation of the school of Birr had been so high, and ihe influx of foreigners so great, that numbers of the native students generally ^-ielded to the strangers, and proceeded toother monasteries, in which they completed their studies ; and so unbounded was the hospitality of this abbot, thai the monks themselves v,ere frequently sent out by St. Kilian, through the surrounding country, to discover if there was any person in distress. This good abbot died A.D. 690. A.D. 780, died tlie abbot Joseph O'Foilan, "the Wise." A.D. 84-2, the abbey was jjlunderod by the Danes. The last superior was Sioda ]\IacNamara, who died in the year 1311, after which this venerable establishment iViis permitted to moulder ; nor does it appear that any eilbrt ^\•as mad'.; to restore it to its former splendor. Clonfert-Mullo'^ in the ancient diocese of Eoscrea, now Killaloe. St. Molua was the founder. See Killaloe. A.D. 022, St. Lactoan, who educate ' St. Laidgen, a monk c" extra- ordinary sanctity, and whose memory has been highly respected, died A.D. 661. A.D. 792, died the abbot Momagh. A.D. 858, died the abbot Acngus. Was held in high > .-timati )n, and was surnameil " the AVHse." A.D. OiS, the Danes devastated this monastery. Clomnacnoisc. St. Kieran was the founl'^r. Sec diocese of. Saini Tigernach succeeded lie holy founder. A.D. 504, died St. Alither, who was abbot of Clomnacnoisc when St. Cohunba visited 't. A.D. 663, died of the plague, the abbot Baothaii Ilua Cormac. A.D. 665, died of tlie plague, the abl)ot Colman Casse. A.D. 751, Clonmacnoi>e was consumed by an accidental lire. A.D. 784-, died the eminent abbot Murgall. A.D. 83-4, the Danes plundered this aobcy. The monastery waa repeatedly ravaged by the Danes. 501 KCCLKSIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. A.D. OST, on the KTMi of Jannat-j, the sa.ntly Dunchad O'Bvaoin departed tins life in liis lu'i"iiita<^e, at Annagli. This saint Mas of the illustrious family ot' the Nialls, and was born in a district of the county of Westmeatit, now called the barony ol Brawny. At an early a^rc he repaired to the monastery of Clonmac- noise, where he eudjraeed the monastic state, and made great progress in learning and piety. In the school.^ of this celebrated establishment, Dunchad gave lectures on the sacred Scriptures, and was considered tlio most cndnent among the divines of the Irisii church, in the tenth cen- tury. The applause which his learning procured him, became so "-reat that he formed the resolve of retiring Ibr ever from public life. Urtery, but his love of retirement ■would not permit him to remain l.mg in the exalted situation of abbot. He accordingly withdrew to a disiani part of the island, where he ' wou'd be altogether secluded from the intercourse of the world. Having clic^en Armagh, iu Mil, he expected to iind a retreat which M-ould suit his disposition; but iu this expectati-r, he was disappointed, as his reputation for learning aiul holiness soon spread throughout the ncighbourlKK.d, and the- respect M-ith which his virtues were regarded, again pi'.im]iled him to seek el>ewheri a solitude more congenial with his love of retircnu'ut. His (k'terminatioii becoming known to the in- habitants, a deputation, c.mpo.'d ..I" the ])rincipal ]iersons of the coimlry, waited on the saint, re(iuestiiig of hiin to renuun another year in their \icinity — a re(pie>t to which he acceded with much nluctance. ])unchad is said to have performed uumy miracles, and to have restored to life tlie infant child of a widnw. Tigernaeh, authoi of the annals of ("loiinnicnoi.se, allirms, that Dunchad was the last of ih(> Irish t-) his time, I()8S, througli whose intercession (iod restored n dead peivon to life. Tlu' year iiaving elai)sed, the saint was prepari- g to depart, when the inhubitants of .\rnnigh renewed their rei^uest, which they reiieated year iil>er year, until his death. A.I), loss, (lii-d at ('l(»nnnicnoisp, the abbot and annalist Tigeriuich O'Hraoiii, who by his talents a;.d research east muv light on the ancient records of IiIm country. Iliis umiiient miui hfinngcd to ;i a^pt that In- habited an eastern part of ('omuiiight, probably Rosponiinon, havin-f been the alilmt of lio.conunon beforo hit) flection to that of Clounmc KCCLE8IA8TICAL HISTOKY OF IKKLANP. 505 noise. In tliis latter one he compiled his celebrated annals of Ireland, wliich he l)rouf,'ht down to the year of his death. It is observed, that in this invaluable work there are fi'equeiit quotations from Latiu and Greek anthoi-s, such as Horace, Virgil, Tliny, Eusebius, Origen, Saint Jerome, Julius, Africanus, Anatolius, B'^de, &c., and not only quoted from with accuracy, hut frecpently contrasted, weighing their autliority with much critical acumen, A.I). li;?0, the jewels stolen from this abbey in 1108, were this vear found in the possession of U ill e Comdhan, a Dane of Limerick, 'ulio was taken by Conor O'Urien, kiiigof Limerick, and delivered to the community of Chmii'acnoise, At the time of his execution he openly confes.><'Hl that h- was at the ports of Cork, Lismore and Waterlbrd, in expectation o. a passage thence to another kingdom : that all the other tliips left their harbours with fair winds ; but as soon as any ves- sel he entered into set sail, he saw 8t. Kieran with his stall" return it bn<\-, and that the saint continued to do so till he was taken, A.I). 1170, money was coineil at Clonmacnoise, A.I), 11U8, Roderick O'Connor, monarch of Ireland, was uiterred in this abbey, on the north side of the high altar. A.D. I'iol. As king Ilonry II. undertook to reform the " r\ule and barbarous church of Ireland," the following instance of llie improvement, which his vassals were intent on effecting, is recorded. In this year tho English of Mclick, on the Shannon, did rob, prty and pillage the church of Clonnuicnoise on the feast of St. CUvgory ; and th(.ugii tlicy seized a very rich spoil, the same company from tho abbey of iMelick wiiich they also pillaged, came the s\icceiMliug day ami forcibly carried off every article which remained, plundering the church of tho holy vestments, books and clialices, fhi' abbot and monks of all their provisions, llesli, corn, Arc, and to complete the d thu Rl.'bov of Cluniaucnoiso, un act which the aniuds of the four niBKiorH record of those pi'otm vforinira in the wi^n of Edward VI. in tho following words, '» they took tho largo bells out of the cloicteaoh 506 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. I < I] (the steeple or l)eltrj) and left neitlier large nor small bell, image, altar, book, gem nor even glass in a window in the church, that they did not carry away with them, and that truly was a lamentable deed to plun- der the church of Ciaran, the patron saint." The situation of this monastery on the right bank of the Shannon and within ten miles of Athlone, is delightful and picturesque. There were two round towers, elegantly built of hewn stone. The larger one, called O'Kourke's, wants the roof, is sixty-two feet in height and fifty- Bix in circumference. The erection of this tower has been ascribed to Fergal O'llourke, wlio was king of Connaught, about tlie middle of the 10th century. The faun'ly of O'Rourko had their cemetery near it and as the annals of the four masters record an injury done this tower by lightning in tlio year 1135, the family of O'llourke may have only re- paired it. The other tower, called ]\IacCarthy's, is seven feet ii diame- ter, the walls arc three feet in thickness and tifty six in height, includ- ing the conical sluipe of tlie top. The next considerable building is the cathedral of the ancient abbey, the doors of which are richly carved. This monastery, which belonged to the canons regular of St. Augus- tine, was peculiarly and universally esteemed. It was uncommonly extensive and woiulerfully enriched by kings and princes; hence the cause of the savage depredations which tlie Danes, the English (really v,-..rse than the former, as they were pagans), and even some Irish princes, committed on this noble sanctuary. Its landed property was so great, and the number of t-olls and moruistcries subject to it so numerous, that almost half of Ireland wjis said • be within the bounds of Clon- niacnoise. Lynch, in his life vf bishop Kirwan of Killala, sums up the numbers of monks in some of the ancient establishments of Ireland, which were usually called can,.ns of St. Augustine. They afterwards obtained the iiame of raiioiis regular, and were introduced by L.uir the holy prccep- tor of St. JIalachy of Armagh, when the church of -Irelan.l enjoyed re- pose from the nwful devastations of the Danes, wlioso Tagan Vury was ohiclly •Uvvi-Wi] against the Asyla of religl.,:. and literature. He also asserts that St. i'atrick, being u member of the first order, n.uiuled Arniagh and Saul for those canons. As St. Patrick has been instructed by St. Martin of Tours, it is supposed that he embraced the institute of this celebrated bishop, and henco ii in that tlic name and festival of St. Martin are s(. much revered in Ireland. Kildare, founded by St. Hrigid, of the same class. Dnrrow, Derry and Kells, by St. Cobnuba. (^loiuird,' with its three thoinaiul monks, by St. Finian. Four.., Conir. Malv-ukn., which contained three Iiundreil monks, by St. Kechin. Imay, Termon' fechin, Bilo, by the sumo Saint. Devonish, with Hnoen hundred, by BCCLESIASTICAIi fflSTOKY OF lEELAND, 507 St. Molaisse. Arn.n, with a similar number, by St. Enda. Bangor, with its tlii-ce tlio\isand morks, by St. Comgal. Clonfert and Anna- down by St. Brendan, with a like number of blessed inmates. Mayo, founded by St. Colman, and which St. Gerald, an Englishman, supplied ■with three thousand three hundred monks. Many other monasteriea were possessed by the order of Canons Eegular of St. Augustine, when they became confiscated to the crown. The cemetery of Clonmacnoise contained about two Irish acres, on which ten churches were erected by kings and princes of the adjacent country: Temple High, built by O'Melaglin, king of Meath ; Temple O'Connor, built by O'Connor Don ; Temple Kelly ; Temple Finghin, erroneously supposed to have been b\iilt by MacCarthy of Munster : this church was, according to Tigernach, dedicated to St. Finnian, one of the primitive Irish Saints, whose grave is situated beside the church, and which is still used as one of the i)rincipal penitential stations of this famed sanctuary, and whose well, held in the greatest veneration, still bears the name, which the annalist Tigernach O'Braoin gave it, " Tiproid Fingen." Such was its name A.D. TrS, and again A.D. 1015 it is recorded that the great oak of Fingen's chureli, at Clonmacnoise, was prostrated by a storm, which occurred in the autamn of that year. It is also wortliy of n'liiark, that the round tower,^wliich is attached to this church, and which forms an integral part of the building, has its enlrance-doorway within tlie chancel and on a level vvith the floor, a circumstance which throws much light ou the \iso of the round tower. The cliaiicel of St. Fingen's cluirch was lighted by a single round- headed winilow in the eastern v.all, in the soiith wall of which there is still in perfect preservation a curiously ornamented i)iscina. Tliis church, it seems, in after ages became the burial-place of the Mact'ar- thys, and the name of Fingen became patronyijiic in the family. Tem- ple-Kieran, the church of the holy founder ; Temple-Oauny ; Templo- Doulin ; and lastly, Temple-MacDermot, before whoso west door stands a large cro-s of one entire stone, with an inscription in antiauo and \m- known cliaracfers. The north doors arc very low, but guarded with small pillars of fine nuirble curiously wrought. Anotlier of theso churches hath within it an arch of greenish marble, fiat wrought ami bea\itifully executed, the joints of which are bo clo^e, fliat the whole npiieain to bo of one entire stone. In the cemetery, besides the crow of Temph'-Macnermot, tlu'ro are three other 'rnse'js. Those crosses wore erected in numy of the sanctiuiries and .'ilhedrals of Ireland, commeuuuating the event of their erection, n* well as the nanioa of the fotimlcra, as at Tuain, and the limits of the sanctuary. 508 ECCLESIASTICAL lUSTOKY OF IRELAND. On the west side of the cerneteiy the ruins of the episcopHl palace may still be seen. Nunnery of Clonnmcnoise was" founded early in this place ; in the year 1180 the church of this nunnery was consumed by an accidental lire. A.D. 1170, Dcrvorgilla, the daughter of Murrogh O'Mehighlin, king of iMoath, and wife to Tiernan O'liuurke, rel)uilt the said church. DrunicuiUin, in the Barony of Eglish. St. Earrinthus or Earrindeus was Abbot of Drunicuillin ; lie was also Abbot of Killbarron, in Tir- conndl, county of Donegal. This Saint is nieiitioned in the voyages of St. Brendan, and his travels in a western country are alluded to in the Acts of the Irish Saints: "Terra roiu-oiuissionis sanctonmi quani Douii- nus daturus est successoribus nostris in 'tempore novlssimu.'" The land of repromise of the Saints, which the Lord is about to give to our suc- cessors in distant ages. Let the reader pronounce on the coincidence between this passage and the great emigration from Ireland to America in those late yeai-s. Barrii. kuis was of the Kiall family : this saint died on the 21st of May, the year of which is uncertain. J.)urrow in the barony of Ballycowen. Saint (^ilumba fgunded the abbey of Diirrow about the year 546. ^ Saint Cormac Ilua Liethain, a disciple of the great CoIumbi^ is said to have succeeded him in the monastery of Durrow. It IS related of (Jormac that he and some companions of his sailed from the district of Erris, in Alayo, three times, in search ol' ^ome un- inhabited spot in the ocean, which he thought adapted to the accom- modation of a religious connnunity, but without success. In the secvmd voyage ho was obliged to take siieller in one of iIk; ( )rknoy islands, where ho would have been put to death, had mit tlie timely recommen, a great slaughter of Lelnster D Mes whs made at Dui'- row throuidi the interference ami merit.s of St. Coinuil la. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOItr OF niM.AND, 509 A.D. 1175, tlie Engli-sli laid this house of St. Colnmba and tlie ad- jacent conntiy waste. A.D. 11 86, Hugh de Laccy wlio made hiinself Lord of Meath, by conquering and massacring the Irish natives, was shxin on the 25th of July, by a hil)()ring man, whose name was (j'iley, who happened to to be along with the coiuiueror wliile inspecting the works of his new castle, ontlie site of Durrow Al)l)ey, and who, while de Lacey wab in a stooping position, severed witli one blmv of an axo the head from the bady. Having aspired to the sovereignty of all Ireland, the death of de Lacey freed Henry IL from the uneasiness, which tlie ambitious views of this powerful sul>ject had created in the royal mind. In the annals of the four masters, de Lacey is styled " tlie profancr and destroyer of tlie sanctuai-ies and churches of L'cland :" liis execu- tioner »ir "rather tlie avonger of the sacrileges, which de Lacey com- mitted, fled, and (as the annalists have it) by liis fleetness of foot, made his escape from tlie English and Irish to the wood of Killclure. lie afterwards went to tlie Fox and O'Brien, at whose instigation lie had killed tlie earl : it is not certain that U'Mey was a laborer, others put him down as a person in disguise. It was on account of the relics of this sacrilegious p'.iuiderer, tliat the abbeys of T.ective, in ]\Ieath, and St. Thomas, in Dublin, Iiad the controversy, whicli was eventually decided in favor of the latter. A similar disaster has some yeai-s since happened at Durrow: the noble proprietor. Lord Norbury, having prevented the surrounding families from burying their dead in this ancient cemetery of Durrow, and having built a eastle on the site of de Lacey's, was assiu«sinated by a band still unknown. A.D. l-Ol, 'lohn de Courcey and the Knglislimen of Meath fell into great contentions, strife and debate, among themselves: do Courcey is also styled by the four masters "the plunderer of churclies;" the ulti- mate fate of lie ('(inrccy, the coiuineror of Ulster, is not known. In one of those ponteiitions to which the annals allude, ho was attacked unarmed, ami having no weapon at hand, he ran towards a wooden cross that stood in tlu' ihureh-yanl, and having torn the shaft frou\ its socket, he dealt so formiilably on his assailants that he killed thirteen of them at the moment ; being however tinally overj>o\verod, he wiw put in fetters and .lelivered to do Lacey who hail him convoyed to London, I in the tower and condemned Mliere lie was eoni j)nsonmen ]ieri/ct 1 t. Ha ti.« lil'wd of I'lster moil. \v lin riiviu'cd ArmaLdi. and who siioiled the sanctuaries of St. I'atrick Having procured the favor of King John ho was at length set at 'II 510 EOCLESIASTICAL mSTORY OF IRELAND. PI I i ii iberty, and restored to hig conquests of Ulster. He then committed bimselt to tlie mercy of the sea, but was put back by contrary winds which rose suddenly on his embarcation: his attempt he renewed for fifteen days, and upon every repulse was admonished at night in a vision, that all his attempts to cross tlie sea to Ireland were vain, for it was preorri-ained that he should never set foot on Irisii ground, because he had grievously offended there by pulling down the master and setting up the servant. On being driven back the fifteenth time, his visions wrought so powerfully upon liis imagination, that he submitted to the decrees of Heaven— passed sentence on himself— and withdrew to France, where he died, A.D 1210. Sir Henry Spellman, in his history of English and Irish sacrile-e enumerates the frightful punishments which have befallen the ori-nnal spoliatoi-s who aided Henry VHI. in robbing the cliurches of En-dand and Ireland, as well as those which visibly have happened to their'l.eirs and successoi-s. The abbey of Durrow paid annually to the bishop of Meatli two marcs as proxies. A manuscript copy of the four evangelists of St. Jerome's translation, adorned with engravings on silver plates, setting forth that It was written by St. Columba in the space of twelve days, was pre- served in the - bbey of Durrow. October IStli, fourth of Elizabeth, a lease of this abbey was granted to N.chohis Herbert, Esq., for the term of twenty-one yeai-s.at the an- imal rent of £10. • Frankfbrd, in the barony of Eallyboy. Hugli O'luulloy, head of Ills sept, lounded this monastery for Carmelites, under the invocation of the Virgin Mary. A.D. 1454, Ilugli, the founder, died on the feast of St. Remigius. A.D. 146S, died the prior, Edward Brakan. At the general suppression of nu masteries, this convent and posses- sions were granted to Robert Leicester. Gallen, in tlie barony of Garycastle, and near the river Brosna St Patrick having left Munster, arrived at Bn.sna, where ho was enter- tained by Trian, a bishop and a foreigner, who lived at a place called Craobech; thence he procee.led to Hy-failgo, where a chieftain of that name, and nn obstinate pagan, formed a plan for murdering ISt. Patrick Odran, the faithful servant of the apostle and his charioteer, havin-r oh'. tamed information of the impious resolve of the chielVain, wiiliout communicating t',e matter to the saint, rcpiested permission to sit a while in the easy part of the vehicle. feigninLr himHoIf frmativ wearied • the apostle of Ireland complying with his desire, condesceiKh>d to act in the me,ui lime as driver. As they were going along, Failgo ad- ECCLESIAS'nCAL HI8T0EY OF IRELAND. 511 vanced, and mistaking Odran for St. Patrick, transfixed him with a lance. Failge was soon after struck dead by the Ahnight}', in punish- ment of liis crime. Giillen monaster ^ was founded by St. Canoe, or Conoc, of which he was abbot, probably about tlie middle of the sixth century. He is said to have been a native of Brecknock, in Wales, but son of an Irish prince, who had settled there, and from whom it derived its present name. Brecan, such was the father's name, is said to have had a great num- ber of children, of whom Canoe is usually stated to have been the eldest. A.D. 820, Feliui MacCromhain destroyed the church and sanctuary of Gallen. There was a celebrated school here for scholars from Wales; it was ravaged repeatedly; still it continued to exist, when Colgan com- piled his acts of the Irish saints, at which time it belonged to the canons regular of St. Augustine. , Of this abbey and its extensive possessions. Sir Gerald Moore became the fortunate patentee. Kilcolgan. This church is attributed to St. Colga. See Kilcolgan, Galway. Kilcolrmm, Doire-mor, in the barony of Ballybrit, and diocese of Killaloe. Saint Colman, son of Aengus, called so, because a descend ant of his and of Darrine or Daire ; is distinct from Colman-elo. He was of the royal blood of the kings of Cashel and a lineal de- scendant of Aengus, king of Cashel, who was slain in 490. Colman was a bishop in tlie reign of Failbhe Fland, king of (^ashel, who succeeded immediately to the throne on the death of his brother, Fingliin, A.D. 61i'. He resided in his monastery of Doire-mor (the great grove), which he had himself fouiuled. It is related that the king of Cashel liaving done an injury to Colman, ujjon which he applied to St'. Pul- cherius, who had great influence over the king, t^ accompany him to the royal residence, for the purpose of obtaining redress. Having represented the case to the king, who addressed him in a haughty tone, and refused to accede to the wishes of Colman, Pidcherius then ac- costed the king, saying: "It does not become ycm to answer in this maimer to u great pontiff, who is most holy in the sight of God, and not inferior to you, according to the nobility of this world, for ye are of the same stock." Pulchorius continued his discourse, reprimanding tho king so severely, that becoming greatly alarmed, he granted what St. Colman desired. Tlie iTUiteriuls of his life are so scanty that tlie year of liis death is not on record. I lis festival was kept at Doire-mor, on the ilOth of May, as tho annivei-sary of his new birth for heaven. Kilcpmin, in the barony of Cloidish. Matiy saints of the nanio, 612 ECCLESIAS'nCAI. HISTORY OF IRELAND. Cumin, occur in tlie Irish annals. The founder of tliis clmrch is said to have enriclied, and to liave presented to it many relics of SS. Peter and Paul. See Kilcunimin, in Mayc. Killagally, in the barony of Garrycastle. St. Trian, a bishop, and a foreigner, is said to have presided over this establishment, as abbot. See Gallen. A.D. 872, Donogh MacMoylduin, abbot of Killcalga, was slain by the Danes. Killhuaillech, in the territory of Fercal, wliich contains the present baronios of J^allycowen, Eallyboy, and Fercal. St. Lonan is said to have presided over this establishment before the middle of the sixth century. In process of time the monks of Clonmaciioise exchanged it with those of Clonard, for the churclies of Killochuir and Cluain-alahd- deirg, both situate on the eastern coast of Louth. Killochuir is said, by others, to have been on the coast of Down. Xilleigli, in the barony of Geashill. St. Sincliell founded this monastery for canons of St. Augustine. See Clane, Co. Kildare. A.D. 849, died Rea<>hta\vry, abbot of KiUeigh. June 2Sth, eighteenth of Klizubetli, this iiioliastory, with three mes- Buages one hundred and twenty -four acres of arable land, twenty-four of i)asture, three of meadow, and four of underwood : and three mes- suages, six cottages, twenty acres of arable hmd and seven of pasture, in the town of Donfeigli, in the county, with the tithes, wore granted for ever, in cajiite, to John Leo, at tlie yearly retit of 45s. (Jd. May IGth, 1578, tliis abbey, with all its temporal possessions, was granted to Gerald, earl of Kildare, anxt day sent for him, and granted what the saint required ; henceforth Pulcherius was held by the king in great veneration. Several miracles are attributed to Pulcherius, among others, his having cured of blindness a holv vir- gm Cannera, daughter of Fintan, who is considered to have been the relative of St. ^folua, of Clonfert Molua. The celebrated Datran was, m his younger days, a disciple of St. Pulcherius, ns was also Cuanchear' of whose history little is known. Besides St Cainnech, Colman of ECCLESU8TICAL ntSTORY OF lEFXAND. 615 Doircmore, Pulciicrins was intimate with St. Molua of Clonfert-molna, St. Lacteaii, of Acliad-ur, a St. Finbliar, and St. Luchern, who had been hia fellow-students at Bangor. Througli the sanctity and labors of PulclieriiiB, a desolate and xinin- habited forest became the abode of saints and scholars. Our saint died, having lived to a great age, on the 13th of March, A.D. G5^. A.D.747, died St. Cuangus Mac Ball, a man of eminent sanctity and learning, and abbot of Leathmore, where his festival was observed with that of the founder, on the IStli of March. A.D. 868, died the abbot Dubhdatul. A.D. 900, died the abbot Flannan O'Lonain. A.I). 1014, Madonna, abbot of Lethmorc, was killed. Lynally, in the I)arony of Ballycowen, and four miles from Durrow. St. Coiman-elo, the founder. See Muckamoro, county Antrim. A.D. 709, died the abbot St. Tedgalius, whose feast is observed on the 16th of April. A.D. 861, died Aidhecar, abbot, and a learned scribe, of Lynally. A.D. 884, died Eucliedius, son of Congan ; he lived to a venerable age, and was called bishop of Launella. Monisteroras, in the barony of Collstown, near Edenderry. Sir John de Birmingham, earl of Louth, in the year 1325, founded this monastery for conventual Franciscans ; it wjis called from his own name, in the Ii'ish language, Monaster-Feoris. A.D. 1511, Cahir O'Connor was blain near this monastery, by his own countrymen. This monastery was once a place of strength, having held out a con- siderable time, in the year 1521, against the earl of Surrey, then lord lieutenant. At the general suppression it was granted to Nicholas Herbert. Mugna. St. Finnian, of Clonard, is t..id to have erected a monas- tery in .M iigna of Ily Bairrcbc, having obtained the site from Carbreus, king of Leinster. Nothing more is known of it. Rathbeg, in the barony of Clonlish, oast of Birr. St. Abbhan is said to be the founder. Ptiithlibtlien, in the barony of Ballycowen and Ballyboy. St. Bland foimded this monastery. He flourished about tlie year 540 ; is said to have been the descendant of the monarch Leogaire, in the fourth gene- ration. St. Aidus, son of Brec, was educated in this monastery. The memory of the founder is revered on the 10th of June. The statue of the saint is still to bcsccii in rhis church, with hi.'j episcopal mitre, aiul a croz'er in his hand. The head of the statue was broken off bv some eacrileijious wretch. 610 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOKT OF IRELAND. Eeynagh, in the barony of Garrycaste, and near Banagher. St. Eegnacli or Regnacia, sister to the illuatrions Saint Finnian, of Clonard, was abbess of tliis church, called after lier, Killreynach. Tlie mother of botli tliose saints is also called abbess of this convent ; if so, Talacia, or Talech must have lived to a great age, as it seems the daughter was the foundi-ess, or she might have resigned the cliarge to her mother. Saint Lasra, one of the pupils or " eleves" of St. liegnacia, became distinguished not only for piety but for knowledge, having been in- structed by St. Finnian, and who afterwarjj erected a church in her own country, at Doire Mac Aidmecain, a place now unknown. Seerkieran, in the barony of Bally britt, and four r..ija en&t of Birr. St. Kieran, the founder. See Ossory, &c. A.D. 841, the abbey was pillaged, and set on fire by the Danes. A.D. 876,> died the abbot Cormac, a learned scribe. A.D. 1079, died the abbot Cellach. On tlie surrender of this monastery, the prior was seized of the site containing one acre, in which were the walls of a church, a small tower, a great stone house, covered with thatch, and two other houses, then the residence of the canons. The villa of Shyre belonging to the canons, in whicli were six cottages and forty acres of arable and pasture lands ; the rectory of Shyre or Seirkoran, its titlies and alterages, all of s'hich v/ei-e granted to Sir William Taaffe, who assigned them to James, earl of Eoscominon. BOCLESIABTICAL HI8T0ET OF ISEIAin). 617 CHAPTER LI. COUNIY OF LEITBIM. Annaduffe, or Anaghyew, in the barony of Leitrim, near Lough- bolfin. An abbey was erected here, A.D. 766. The ruins of the ancient cliui'ch still remain. The Protestants wishing to give their creed a sem- blance of antiquity, call it their parish church, having erected a con- venticle there. In the thirty-seventh of Elizabeth, this house possessed half a townland, and two quarters. Balleguarcy. In the year 1518, Cornelius O'Brien lounded this beautiful monastery for conventuo^ Franciscans. Cloon-cholling, in the baroL^ of Mohill. St. Froech, a priest, founded this monastery, which was once very famous. He lived in the sixth century, and died on the 2Ufch of December, the day on which his memory was revered. In the th'rty-seventh of Elizabctli, an inquisition being taken, it was found that this house was endowed ivith three townlands and a quarter, making in the gross fifty-two small cartrons. Crevelea, in the barony of Dromahare^ situated ou the river Bonid which falls into Lough Gille. This momistery wiis founded for Franciscans of the strict obser- vance, A.D. 1508, by Margaret, daughter of Lord O'Brien and wife to Eugene, Lord O'Rourke ; she died in 1512 and was interred here ; the building was never completed. By an inquisition taken in the first of King James, the last abbot was found to be seized of one carucato of land, and the rectory of Ivrellew containing two carucates of glebe land: the rectory of Clonlogher, one carucate: the rectory of Dreiileis, two carucates of glebe : the rectory of Ballcyhinechain, four quarters ; the rectory of Killkrumena, one carucate ; the rectory of Lisanemis, four quarters : the rectory o^ Killifargen, four carucates and all the tithes of the same. i' 518 ECOLE8U8TICAL 1II3T0EY OF lE'JLiXD. 5'i I Tlie walls of this abbey are still ei;tire, and the altar nearly so ; the building is of the same extent with the abbey of Sligo, but inferior in execution. Doirenielle, situated on the banks of Lough Melve, in lower Breffiiy. ' St. Tigernach founded this nunnery for his mother, St. Mella, who died about 787. Having lost her husband, she resolved on leading a religious and a secluded life ; in this monastery, which her son had built, she collected a number of pious females, wiiom she governed as abbess for many yeai-s ; she had another son, (.'annecli, who was a priest, and who was also a very holy man. St. Mella is mentioned twice in the calenders at the 9th and 31st of March, under the name of Doire-Melle, the oak grove of MeUe, the name by wliich her nunnery is distinguished. Her l)i'.as and saintly son Tigenuich, foun^'ed another for himself, called Killacadh. .''ee Cavan. Drumlias, in the barony of Druinahare and bordering Lough Gille. St. Patrick is said to have founded this church, and m ha^e placed over it St. Eenignus ; if sa, J3enignus must hiivo renu-.ined a very short time, as he was the constant comp.-nion of the apostle. Drunnihare. See Crevelea. Feonah, in the barony of Leitrim, Saint Caillin having converted Aodh iin, the son ot I-ciwgna, the chief of tlie country, Jiat prince resigned unto him his Catluiir or stone fortress, in order that Caillin might erect his monastic luiilding within it; of this fortress tliere are vestiges still ronuiining. According to the booK of P\^enftgh, a copy of which taken in the year 1517, for rho abbot OMioda is still preserved; it appeai-s tluit this fortress was of very great unti(iuity as well as importance , its erection is attri- buted to Coi.aing, the fearless, the si.xty-tifth momirch of Ireland in the ^rith regal list, and wl ■> llourished nearly four-hundred years before ;ho Christian era. In mentioning the resignation ,^f this fort and the surn.unding district ♦o St. Caillin, by Aodh Fin, n-ferenee is nuule to the door oftho for- tress, which was closed by a huge stone. " Aodli came o\it to the rock in the chief door of the Cuthair, ». e. for- tress, so that he gave land to Caillin, his s].iritual friend." A similar resigiuition of a pagan forlios is <>ti record, and which was given to St. Patrick and Benignus, by hughaid, lord of the country near Tuam, Co. (ialwuy, in which a ciiurch culled Killbannon wu8 erecteil : in nniiiy other instances groups oCreligioua buildings are Innnd within fortresses of the greatest celebrity in Irinh history ; buildings ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF lEELAKD. 519 vhicli btaineJ the namo of Caslieils, the principal one of wliich shall bb '\escribed in its proper pUice. See Innismurry, Co. Sligo. Tiie festival of this saint is observed on the 13th of November ; St. Caillin is by some called bishop of Down, but without sufficient autliority ; he flourished in the flfth and sixth centuries. A.D. 1377, died the abbot John O'Rodaghan, a truly good man. In the east end of the church is a window of curious workmanship ; this place was formerly celebrated for its divinity school, and was the general resort of students from every part of Europe ; there is a Avell about half a mile from the church dedicated to St. Caillin. Jamestown, a town on the banks of the Shannon, and formerly a place of note, in the Barony of Leitrim. A Franciscan friary was erected here ; but there is no record of its foundation. Here the catholic bishops and clergy met, who were opposed to the peace with Iiichiquin, and who were favorable to the views of the Nuncio Rinuccini. There are vestiges of the ancient church as well as of the fortifica- tions, which were erected to defend the furd of the Shannon. Killdareis. Probably tlie same as Carcuirshineil, I. p. the roclusory of Sinell, in Lough ^lelvin. In the biH)ks of BallyiUDto ai.d Lecan, he is called " the man of the ringing of the bell,'' or Campanarius. Killdareis means the oul of the two jialins of the hands. Killiiaille. St. Xatalis is named as the founder ; ho is already no ticed at Killmanagli. ]\rohill, in the barony of tlie same name and diocese of Ardagh. St. Manchan is the founder; was also Abbot of ^Mohill. lie is by some considered as identical with him who was surnamcd "the wise," but in the calendai's tiiey seem to be diffi'rent persons. St. Manchan'a festival was ol)scrved on the 14th of February, wliilo that of ^Nranchau the wise is held on the L'd of Janiniry. St. Maiiclian built his monastery of Mohill about tlio year COS. lie 18 the i)atron of seven churches. Many glebes, lands, vassals, fees and tithes wore given to this church, which was d- dicatod to the Virgin Mary. At the 8U))pression of religious liousoa, tlii'i abbey was seized of two cartrons of land, each containing eighty acres, together with Ave other cartrons in diftiTont town lands, all of wliich wore valued at .£2 (J^. %d. The value of money was at this time very high, a shilling then beinji{ Varly worth a pound of tiie prasent currency. If? 520 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOKY OF rRKLAM). There were bve other small establishments, which were seized bj th ';;overniuent, viz ; iviliynonyre, on s.n irtiuisition taken in the thirty-seventh of Eliza- beth, found to be endowed with a townland, or four quarters. Killyre, u- *lie same year, found to be seized of a townland and four qnartera. Kilronamna, in the same year, seized of four quartere of land. Killtagliwerke, in the same year, found to be seized of four quarters of land. ' ^ Killtobberd, in the same year, found to be endowed with four quar- ters of land. Tliacineling, a monastery for Grey Friars, was found 1 in a place of tliis name, A.D. U14, by William O'Reilly. It was afterwards given to t]>e strict Observants by Malachy O'lleilly. Tin's place is not known. As Ca\mi was the Breffney O'Reilly, this house more properly belon<^ to Cavau. " BOCLESIAgTICAL mSTOBY OF IBEULND. 521 CHAPTER LH. COUNTY OP LIMERICK. AiiBiNODoji-WoTirEKy. This abbey was founded, A.D. 1205, for Cis- tercian nicinics, by Theobald FitzWalter, lord of Carrick, and el; icf butler of Ireland, who ricldy endowed it, and having dio.',, was interrod hero in 1200. It was supplied with monks from the abbey of bavigniac ia France. A.D. 1228, William Avas abbot. A.D. 1290, the abbot, having harbored the king's enemies, wis fined in the sum of sixty nuircs. A.I). l.']07. It appears the abbot of Abbingdon paid to the convent of Kells, in Ossory, the sum of 100s. John O'Mulryan was the last abbot. At the suppression of monas- teries, eleven rectoriiH and fifteen townlands in the counties of Limerick and Kerry were granteil, at an annual lent of £57 2s. od., to Peter Walsh for ever in capito, and who was \iy compact bound to nniintain one horseman on tlie premises Api ' Ist, eignteenth of King James, Kir lulward Walsh, knight, was found to be seized of its ]»osse(*sio:is. In S|H'lMian'H history of Haefilc."o it Is reb.Ueu, that tiiis family have gono to desolation. Abbey Fenl, in die barony of Connmo. An abbey of Cisteiciann erected A.D. 1188; made a cell to Mona rnoiMigh, which see. Allaire, formerly a p' u'e of not-, ■. ♦i.o barony of Kennery. Trinitnric, . Friiiry. 'iliis ho («o vii« fouiuU,! for the order of tho lioly and undivided Trinity, i'->r the redemption of uajitives, in tho reign of king Edward I., by John, earl of KiMare. November f>b, tliirty-sevent!' m r.lizubeth, this abi)ey, with all its poMM'ssioiiH was gtaafod to Sir Meiiry Wallop, knight, for ever, by fealty oiilv in free and i<-mmon i )C0Hg«', at tlie annual rent of £2(1 17». Hd. lri»l» money, Sir Ueury e:ii;.i;»ing to maintuiu two honomou on the pro- sad ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OP IBELAin). mises, and that no part whatever of the same should be alienated to the Irish. Frcrn the invasion of Ireland by Ilenry II. to tlie close of Elizabeth's reign, almost a i)eriod of four hundred years, the insidious policy of England has exhibited, because it has engendered them, the most tragic scenes of infatuated misrule on the one side and of insubordination necessarily arising from oppression and of resistance, sanguinary but unsuccessful, on the other ; ever since that fatal period, tlie history of Ireland is that of physical or moral oi)position as circumstances dictated to the leadere of Irehuid ; and during this melancholy period, tlie ac- tuating principle, which guided tlio rulers of England in tlieir scheiues of devasiation and liorroi- — a principle which according to even Protest- ant writers, originated with the false aiul insidious Candtrensis, whoso mode of civilizing the Irish was " to exterminate them and seize their estates," seems to have boon inherited by thoir successors of the present day, who have manifestly improved on the system of thoir predecessoi-s, adding thereto all that infuriate malice and bigotry of which the gov- ernment of England, as well as her people, are so susceptible, when a consciousness of her strength can dictate aggression on the rights as well as the roligioii of the Irish people. Some largo and i)orfoct ruins of this abbey still remain. The steei)Io resembles a castle, and is supported by a plain arch, with four diagonal ogives meeting in the centre, and staira loading to the battlements. Augustiiiian friary, situated on the south side of the river Ma^ue was founded i hn, earl of Kildaro, son to oarl Thomas, who died A.D. 1315. -s. The workmanship is simply el' 'gant, the principal parts being of hewn stone, which app*«nf so fresh as to give it a niodrni. yot vonorablo aii|.oaninco. Adjoin. ;ig the cloisters wore sovond ajiartnuMits, which soom to be more anoiont than the other parts of the building. Gray friary wan founded in the year IKl.'i, by Tliomns, oarl of Kil- dare, a»id his wife Joanna, at their sole expcrso, and was consocrnted ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IBELAlirD. 523 the following year ; the founders presenting it with two silver chalices and a bell, which cost £10. Ko vestiges of this building remained in 1781, except a lofty square steeple. This abbey and its possessions were granted, to Sir Ilenry Wallop, knight. Any, in the barony of Small County, situated on a broad and plea- sant, though shallow river Tills friary was luunded for hermits of St. Augustine, in the reign of . Ilenry II., by -lohn, son of Robert, and sundry others. June 23d, thirty-fii'st of Elizabeth, a lease was mada to Edward Abs- ley, to .Tdlin and ^\iu-y Abslcy of this monastery, for the term of forty years, at the annual rent of £47 78. 6d. Ardpatrick, an ancient abbey of which there is no historical account. In the thirty-second of Elizabeth, this abbey was found to be seized of the lands of liullingowsoe, Ballycowsynyo, Ballnanyone, .and Bally- gertayne, containing forty acres of the great measure ; annual value, besides reprises, Gs. 8d. In the thirty-ninth of Elizabeth it was found, that the hill named Ardpatrick, containing three acres of the large measure, or twenty-one of the small measure, was in former times granted to the Corbeshij) or Tormonlaiid, founded in the cl)\irch of Ardpatrick ; that the said olKco of Corbor Krenach had continued by succession from time immemorial, in the sept of the Langanes, and that Maurice Langane was at that time the jiossessor. Tliei-e was a noble castle belonging to the FitzGeralds, carls of Doa- niond, sitnated on the river. Askeaton, in the barony of Conillo, and on the river Deel, formerly a walled town, now a depopulated village. Many of the towns of Ire- land owed tlieir origin to the monasteries, and since the destruction of those religious establishments, those towns have gradually disappeared. James, the seventh earl of Desmond, foundeil, A.I). 1420, this mo- nastery, whieli adjoined the castle, for conventual Frauciscuns, In 141>0, it wiw reformed by the strict observants. A.I). l.'fU, while ])ersecution was raging in all its fury uiukT Eliza- beth, a provincial chapter of the order was held in the convent of Askeaton. It was soon after suppressed, and in its ruins reminds the beholder of that temicity with which the Irish Catholic lias constantly adhered to the ancient faith, and of the unavailing efforts of the poi-so- cutor to extinguish that creed. ]{allynabraliir — town of the friars, in the barony of Small County, llio family of Clangibbon foundud this monastery for conventual Fran- ciscans, in the thirteenth century. su ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOBi uir IEELAN0. February 4th, thirty-fifth of Henry VHI., this friary, with three acres and a stang of arable land, was granted for ever to Eobert Browne at the yearly rent of 12d. Irish money. ' James Gould died in the year 1600, seized of this priory and of one carucate of land, in free and common soccage. Ballynegall, town of the strangers, in The barony of Killmallock. The family of Roche founded a monastery in this place for Dominican friars, in the fourteenth century. In the i)atent of Elizabeth, and in the thirty-ninth year of her reign, it 18 expressly called a Carmelite friary. It was, with a half carucate of land, granted to the university of Dublin. Donoghe O'Dangane was the last prior, who was, in the reign of Philip and Mary, seized of tlie site of his monastery, containing two acres and a church ; also a water mill, and four acres of tu-able^land, with six in pasture, in Ballyiuigall. Ballynwillin, town of the mill. A house founded for Dominicans, and of which there is no account, except what the records of contisca- tion sup])ly. It was granted, with sixteen acres of land in Ballynwillin, to the patentee of Ballynabraliir, which see. Carrigogonill, on the rjver Shannon, six miles west of Limerick. A house fur knights Tem2)lar was erected in this village. A.D. 1350 it M-as the seat of Donogh O'Brien, lord of Poble O'Brien. A.D. 1(51)1, it was a place of strength. Castletown-Maconeiry, in the l»arony of Conillo, and tiio seat ot Mac Enery. Here are the ruins of a very large moiuistery, and other buildings, which sutticiently evince the piety, dignity and'splendor of this ancient family. (^luain-croadhuil, or Kilita. St. Ita, styled the Brigid of Munster, was of the princely house of Decies, now in the county of Waferford ; her father's name was Keenfoolad, her mother's, Necta, both Christ iai'i-, as it appears St. Ita was baptized in her chiklliood. The year of her birth is not known, but it is sujijwsed kIic was born alxiut 4S(>. From hor earliest yeui-s she ai)[)eared to be aniimUed with the Un]y Spirit, olwerving, K'sides her other religious duties, even the fusts which the cliurch prescribed, and displaying an extraordinary degree cf mo- desty, sedateness and sweetness of temper. It is related, that while she was still very young, a room in which she was asleep, seeiticd to bo all in a blaze, and that some pei-sons who hastened to extinguish what they consiurpose of maintaining her establishment; she, however, acee])ted of no more than a snudl garden, which she deemed Huflicient. As another instanca of her disinterestedness, it is related, that nn opulent individual laid before her as an oflFering, a considerable sum of money, which he could not iiidu.e lier to take; she hapi)ened to touch it and then called for water to wash the hand which had been as if defiled by the contact of corruptible silver. She carried abstinence and fasting to such a degree, that it io s id she was adinonisiied by an angel to be les« abstoniioua for the future, and not exhausi her frame by an austerity so excessive. Severid miracles, some of which are of an extraonlinary kind, have been attrilnitcd to iier, one of them is said to have boon performed on a man, named Feargus, v bom iibo delivered LL rr* i i. til g^yil 626 KCXJLE8IA8TICAL HISTORY OP IRELAND. n by her prayers from excruciating pains in his eyes and whole body, by wliich he was brought to the last extremity. She was favored with the gift of prophecy and with the knowledge of pei-sons whom she had never seen, and of distant and secret occurrences. When Columbanus, a Leinster bishop, was on his way to visit her without giving any previ- ous notice, she ordered an entertainvnenc to De prepared, and on his arrival sent to ask his benediction, before she could have known, in an ordmary manner, that he was a bishop, and mentioned other circu.u- stauces, which she could not have learned, except by supernatural means. A theft had been committed in a nunnery, which was est-, hshed at Doire Chuisgribh, (and which must have belonged to her own institution) ; one of the nuns was unjustly accused ; and the affiiir being involved in obscurity, the abbess and the whole community waited on St. Ita to consult her : she iunnediately declared, that the nun who was charged with the offence was imiocent, and told them at the same time, who was the guilty person; one of her own maidens had misbehaved, and having left the nunnery, rambled up and down untd she was reduced to the necessity of becoming a servant some- where in the province of Connaught. St. Ita knowing by inspiration how she was situated, and that she would do penance if an opportunity was afiorded her, sent to her friend, St. Brendan, of Clonfbrt, to request that he would procure liberty for this distressed creature. Jirendan attended to the message and sent her back to the nunnerv, where she was received with great joy by St. Ita, and everything turned out as Bhe had foreseen. She had a knowledge of some transactions even of the other world an instance of which is related ; an uncle of hei-s having died, she sent for h.s eight sons, who lived in the country of the Nandesi, and upon then- waiting on the saint, slie said to them, "Your father, who was my uncle, IS alas! now suffering in the lower regions for his otfence. " siu^h was the term by which the state of purgation was then exj^ressed and 8t.ll used in the liturgy ; " Libera me, &c., dc pa-nis inferni et de profundo lacu, "and the manner in which he is tormented h,is been related to me. Let us do something for the good of his so,.I, that he may be de- livered. I therefore desire that each of you do givo, every (h-u- durin- tins whole year, food and lamps to the poor, for the benefit of l.is mul and then at the end of the year return to me." ' They being wealthy, acted according to her instructions, and on their returmngsho said, "your father is half raised from his first situation through your alms and my prayers : now go and repeat your donali.ms during tins year an ties ot the city, its possessions in and about the city of Limerick In tae thirty-filth of king Henry VIH., this sumptuous monastery, with US appurtenances, was granted to James, earl of Desmond. j£ pit'nfT'' ' ^^ '"' ^" ''''' "•^^ «^'^^^ «f ^^ possessions. Pait of he monastery has been converted into a tan-yard A largo barrack has been erected on another portion. • Gray friary O'Brien, a lineal descendant of the kings of Tliomond and Desmond, founded this monastery in the reign of Henry IH inditnit ^^'^' ^^'^^''^''P «^ ^"»eriok treated those friars with much A.D. 1534, this monastery received the reform of the strict obser- VUULO* Donogh was the last guardian. Its possessions were seized and granted for ever to Edmond Sexton. This monastery stood without the to^vn wall. On the site of which the county court-house is erected. The old church has been converted mto a county hospital. Wadding affirms that another Franciscan f ^f"g;f;"« friary, called the house of the blessed Virgin Mary and of the Ho y Cross. It wivs founded, in the 13tli century, by O'llnen the hneal descendant of the kings of Limerick and Thomond. AD. U<2, Aquilp general of the order, gave ccmmand, that regular discipline should be observed in this house. Stephen Sexton, who ha.l the first voice in the election of mayor of Lm.erick, as prior of this house, died in the year 1594. A vesL of QnnyZl "'^ ''"'''"■ ^' '" '"^'P''''^' '^"* '' ^'"^ "tuated near Knights Templar had a co, ,andery near this house of ;he Angus- tiuiuns, winch has also disai)peared. Milltown, in the barony of Coonagh. Nellan O'Mulloy erected this house for Carmelite friars. Nothing more is recorded of it Mon,«ternenagh, in the barouy of Poble O'Brien. This abbey waa founded in honour of the Virgin Mary, A.D. 1151, by Donald O'Brien, who furnished ,t with (Cistercians from the abbey of Mellifont. A.D. 1174, Donatua was abbot. A.D. 1304, Isaac was nb))ot. A.D. 1307, William was abbot. A. D. 1306, Henry was abbot. 532 ECCLE8U8TICAL HISTOBT OF IRELAND. A .D. 1579, Marshal Malby, at the head of 100 lioree and 500 foot, de- feated 3000 of the Irish, though the later fought valiantly at first; '260 were olain, ai::oiig whom was Dr. Allen, tlie famous legate from tiie See of Eome, so state tha English accounts. O'Sullivan Bearre does not mention Dr. Allci? in his history. The abbot of Monasternenagh was a baron of pailiaraent. This, monastery, with its appurtenances, was granted to Sir Henry Wallop, knight, the patentee of Adaire. Monasterna-galliagh, in the barony of Small county, near Lough- Gir. A house formerly of canonesses of St. Augustine, which was de- dicated to St. Catharine. The rectories of the parishes of Drishane, Cullen, Nohavel, Kilraeen, and Drumtariif, in the barony of Duliallow and county of Cork, be- longed to this nunnery. It was, with its possessions, giv'en to Sir Ilenrv Wallop, knight. ^ Muugret. St. Nessan, who died, A.D. 552, was the disciple of St. Ailbe, of Emly. Nessan was most probably the founder of Mungret monastery ; he never attained in the church a higher dignity than that of deacon, by which title he is constantly known ; yet his reputa- tion is so great that ho is reckoned among the fathers of the Ii-ish church. His festival was celebrated at Mungret, on the 25th of July. The monastery of the island, called Ireland's Eye, in the county of Dublin, is said to have been founded by a St. Nessan. That isle, origi- nally called Inis-faitiilen, obtained the name of Ini.miac-nes.an, from the sons of Nessan, v.-ho wore revered there on the 15th of March. Their names are Dichull, Munissa, and Neslug. ^ A.D. 552, died the abbot St. Nesaan. St. Munohin, called the tiret bishop of Limerick, is said to have been abbot of Mungret. A.D. 700, died the abbot Ailill. A.D. 820 and 834, the Danes devastated the abbey of Mungret. A.D. 1102, the 5th of October, the blessed Mugron O'Mooro, prin- cipal professor of divinity at Armagh, and in all the west of Europe, died in this abbey. A.D. 1107, this abbey was again sacked. The psalter of Cashel relates, that this establishment hnd at ono period 8i.K churches within its walls, and contained, exclusively of scholars, 1500 religious, 600 of whom were learned preachers, 500 were psalmists, and the rcinaining 500 applied themselves to contemplation, works of charity, and other 8])iritual exercises. Newcastle, in the barony of Conillo. The knights Templar erected a costlo in this place, and adjacent thereto a town sprung up, which FX3CLE8U8TICAL HI8T0ET OF TRELAXD, 533 Mme of IIa,.vej-, f„, A„g,„,i„ caaoa, at A,-oa,ia. "^ Before 1280, J„I,„ ,v,u. prior. I„ ,1,., ,,„ Heonora Pureell ™ied o^'e:-r:r;'--rjr„f'C:::^^^^^^^ r.nce of ..,.i„,, .u b„„„d „e.elf a,ul her ,,0^^ f.^ In"<,f;: H; «u, Ob gauon .l,e prior sued I.er son ir„gl,, „.,.o r.,V,ei .I.a", .t nl:' after ttird a rorH ::rrr;.rrj r""" "'° '^™' "^■°'"°^' "« nf H.^ • 1 I . ,"'°"°'"' *"** P""!^ John was put into the possession parses, borne of the rums of lliia l.ouse atill remain. '^ce a:"?,::'""".'";"'.'/" "'° "—^ »f Clun.W^,ia,„, eon J i^; b-t .:'pl*fr'' ■" '"" -- "-'"y- -- ='■ '"e annua, value. auppW t'L °r!:l'' """"'"^ "'^-^ " "^ "-»"'. --P' »'■■" " ^iU avievrto il?. '°'"""»'™' «!'-'' 'l'" government instituted, »a. at: ";:*■,:: :s^-^ '» "■» ■""'- <" ".^ ~,. ,,, ■ 534 EOCLESIABTICAL HISTORY OF IEELAOT>. i I CHAPTER LIII. COUNTY OF LONGFORD. tTornT"!;' 1" '^! ^'''"^ "^ ^''™^'' ""^ °«^»- '^^ river Innr. A.D. 901, died the abbot Moelpoil. ^ A.D. 952, died the abbot Macataliug. tb , V^"''y'""'^f '" '^^'^ ^'' C'«*^"'-«5-»«. «nder the invocation of tbo Virgm Mary ; the year of its erection is said to have been 1150 or May the 2d, the eleventh of Queen Eh-zabeth, the site of this monas- tery w.th IS appurtenances, twenty-four cottages in the town of 7ore one Imndred and eighty acres of land in the vicinity of the same, eighth acres of pasture and underwood adjacent, one messuage, four cottages u the town of Cranaghe, and sixty acres adjoining; two messuages iour cottages in the town of Eallynemanagh ; and sixt^our acTerf^^ messuages, tnree cottages in the town of Knockaghe, and sixty-four acres adjacent thereto, were granted tc Robert Dillon, and his heirs at an .nnual rent of £10 14s. 4d. In another inquisition it was d is Ardagh, in the ..irony to which it gives its name Canons Regular :-St. Mel was bishop of Ardagh. See diocese of. ^o.,^ H r^' "T""^^^ ''"^ ""^ ^'•'■"'^ ''' S^- ^"^'"«tine canons regular though no sucli order existed in Ireland until tirey were intro duced by St. Malachy and Lnar, they wore then called canon oS and^iC''Se:;i::r ^ '''''-' -' ''• ^^'^ --^«^ - ^^^- A.D. 741, died the ab))ot Beochnil. Franciscan friary, not known when it was founded. Reformed by friars of the strict observance in the year 1521 ^"onn.a oy ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IREXANP. 535 Ballynasaggard. Tlie family of O'Ferrall erected this house for brothers of the third order nf St, Francis. Cloone. Archdall places here a monastery, founded A.D. 663, but of which, ho informs us, there is no particular account. Clonebrone, in the barony of Granard, between Granard and Edge- worthstown. The two Emerias arc said to have been placed here in the time of St, Patrick, and they are also said to have been the daughtere of the unfortunate Milcho, who refused to listen to the words of salva- tion from the lips of St. Patrick, because the saiut had been his captive. It is also said, that at the time of receiving the veil, they left the ira- i>re88ion of their feet in the stone on which they stood, A.D. 738, the virgin and abbess of Clonebrone, St, Samthanna, daughter of Dyamranns, died. Her festival is celebrated on the 19th of December, A.D, 771, died the abbess Sithmath, A,D. 775, died the abbess Forblaith. A.D, 778, this nunnery was destroyed by fire. A.D, 780, died the abbess Elbrigh, A.D. 791, died t'lie abbess Lerveanvan, A.D, 804, died t..e abbess Finbil, A.D. 810, died the abbess Gormley, daughter of Flathnia. A,D. 1107, died the abbess Cograch, daughter of Unon, Deirg abbey, in the barony of Moydoe, A priory of canons regular was founded here, in the reign of King John, by Gormgall O'Quin. A.D. 1217, died Oisin, abbot of this monastery. At the suppression of monasteries, this house, with its possessions, was granted to Nicholas Aylnier, Druimcheo, said to have been a nunnery, in which St. Lupita pre- sided. Armagh seems to Lave been the place where she dwelt. Lani- gan thinks that the nunnery of Druimcheo should be attributed to St. Brigid, as she visited St. Mel, of Ardagb, and spent some time in the neighborhood, Fairgney, which Archdall omits, or rather places in Westmeath, was founded by Munis, a bishop, supposed to have been the brother of St. Mel, about the year 486, The festival of this saint was affixed to the 18th of December. Hospital of Clnndaragh. Inquisition, 27th January, thirty-seventh of Elizabeth, finds that this hospital, or termon, erenach or corbship, was endowed with four cartrons of land. Hospital of Clonebrone was endowed with eight cartrons of land in the barony of Granard, ?^p^ 636 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEr OF lEEIAND. Ianf7lf f ^''"'^'\"' ^'"°^ '"^'^^•^ '''''^ '^^' gr«-t citrons of land, in the barony of IToydow. Hospital of Granard-Kill found to be endowed with two cartrons of land, in tlie barony of Granard. ^-urirons ot Inchmore in the barony of Granard, and in Loughree. Cafe" ' "' "'"'"' '' '"""^^'^^- ^'' ^"^l^-«-' - County St. Boedhan of Inismore died on the 14th of January ; there was a bishop of this name at Ardcarn, in Rosconiuion A.D. 748, died Dicolla Mcllenidi, abbot of this house. t'n T: "^l'^^^'^^^'^^, the abbot, surnamed, "the excellent." A.U 804, tlie Danes destroyed this abbey. A.D. 895, Toictiucli, the abbot, died. A.D. 1414, died Edniond McFiadhair, prior of Inismore. Im«bohn, an i.hmd in Loughree. St. Rioch founded this monastery vh,ch cont,nued for several centuries. He is said, but erronooil fo have been the nephew of St. Patrick ; he is cahed'^Iac Laing ;; Hu ! amg. St. Aldus, bishop of Killare, visited him iij the islanS of Inis- su.iiu' ."l l";f'' '^ "' ''"•* '''' ^''' '''■ St. liioch, though recoided— his festival was the 1st of Au A-ay. Ihere are many ancient churches cf Ireland not at all enumo- Roc ofV ,' """r^'.V^^l^'r- ^^^^'«^''- ^'- Kioch of Loughree, and Roc of Gal way be identical, cannot be determined. St. Riod. is eaid to have been the son of Darerca, alias, Lemania, sister «f St. Patrick St Rioch IS not one of those whose name is to be found among the holy sons ot L.emama. See InLsanghoill, Co. Galway. This saint then belongs^to the 0th century, the one in which his 'visitor. St. 11; A.D. 750, died the abbot Fienglach. A.D. 770, the abbey was destroyed by fire. A.D. 809, died the abbot Elathmac. tn !ll!r' 'r'fy ""'''' l''""dered by the men of Munsfer. A.D. 1025, died the abbot Chonfal. A.D. 1087, the men of Munster renewed their ravages. A.D. 1089, the Danes plundered the abbey Inisclothran, an island in Lough-Ree, St. Diermit founded th^ BCCLE8U8TICAL HISTORY OP IKELAND. 537 monastery about the year 540. See Castle Dermot, County EaU- dare. A.D. 719, died the abbot Senacli. A.D. 780, tlie abbot Eochy Mac Foharty, flourished. A.D. 1050, the abbey was plundered. A.D, 1089, the abbey was plundered by the Danes and the men of Munster, under O'Brien. A.D. 1136, Aodh O'Finn, bishop or abbot, flourished. A.D. 11 GO, died Nehemias O'Dunin, principal of the schools in this abbey, and a celebrated scholar, poet and historian. A.D. 1170, died the abbot Diurmoid O'Braoin. A.D. 1193, Gilbert de Nangle, an English adventurer, plundered the monastery of Innisclothran. ^ Island of All Saints, Inis-aingan, in Loughree. Anciently called In- is-aingan, given to St. Kieran, of Cionmacnoise, by Dermod, monarch of Ireland, who used to take shelter in this island, when persecuted by his predecessor, Tuatlial ; others aflirm that it was given by a priest Daniel, " Et venit ipse presbyter Daniel repletus Dei gr,uia et insulam angin' quGJ erat in sua possessione, Deo et santo Kierano in aiternura obtulit." See diocese of Cionmacnoise. St. Kieran founded the monastery of All Saints, about 542 ; here he was surrounded by a number of excellent monks ; this was the first establishment of St. Kieran ; he continued to govern it till 548, when, having left Adamnan or Domnan, a Munster man, in ciiarge of this monastery, he proceeded to found the celebrated abbey of Cionmacnoise. A.D. 1087, the men of Munster ravaged this abbey, assisted by the Danes. A.D. 1272, died the prior Aractac Y-Finn. It is related that a descendant of Sir Henry Dillon, of Drnmrany, erected an abbey on this island, and probably on the site of the ancient abbey of St. Kieran. A.D. 1405, died Augustin Mac Graidin, and was buried in this monastery ; in many of tlie monasteries, both ancient and modern, tliero were erected subterraneous cemeteries under the churches. Augustin Mac Graidin was a learned Augustinian canon of this ab- bey : the only works of his that now remain, are liis Lives of the Saints of Ireland and a clironicle, wliich he continnod to his own time. This latter work had been bronght down to a later period by another, a portion of wliich, in manuscript, was in the possession of Sir James Ware, and is preserved in the Bodleian library at Oxford. This abbey was granted at the suppression, to Sir Tutriek Barnwall. Killglais, to the south of Ardagh ; where a sister of St. Melj my^^^^ 538 ECCLESIASTTCAI. HISTORT OF IRELAND. Echea, is aaid to have presided aa abbess; perhaps founded by St. J3rigid. Killinmore, in the barony of Granard, Archdall, quoting Allemande, conjectures tliat a St. Pulladius, who flourished about 450, founded this churcli. Len-ha, near Gra.iard. This monastery was dedicated to tlie Virgin Mary. A saint Guasact, or Gosachus, who is said to have been a dis- ciple of St. Patrick, presided here. , His festival is remembered on the 24th of January. Some call him the son of Milcho. xi.D. 765, died Fiachra, of Granard. A.D. 1205, Lord Richard Tuite founded an abUey for Cistercians, whom he brought from St. Mary's, near Dublin. A.D. 1211, the founder having been cruahed by the fall of a tower at Athlone, was interred here. A.D. 1315, Edward Bruce ravaged this abbey. A.D. 1541, Richard O'Farrell, the last abbot, was made bishop of Ardagh. Its property was seized by the crown. Longford, a market and borough town, situated on the river Camlin. A monastery was founded in the early ages of tlie Irish church in this place, over which St. Idus or Aidu?, a disciple of St. Patrick, presided as abbot, and whose feast is celebrated on the 14th of July. A.D. 1400, a very fine monastery was founded by O'Ferrall, prince of Annaly, under the invocation of the Virgin Mary, for Doi.iinicans. De Burgo affirms, th-.i, Cornelius OTerrall, bishop of Ardagli, was the founder, who died A,D. 1424. A.D. 1429, the monastery was destroyed by fire. Pope Martin V., by a bull, granted an indulgence to all who would contribute towards the rebuilding of it. Pope Eugene IV. granted a oimilar indulgence. A.D. 1448, three righteous friars of this monastery died of an infec- tious disease. In the reign of Philip and Mary, Richard Nugent obtained a grant of this monastery, and its possessions. In the twentieth of Elizabeth they were granted to Sir Nicholas Malby. A.D. 1C15, King James L granted this monastery to Francis Viscount Valentia. Sudden changes in the possessors have taken place. Instead of the children of St. Dominick, the Protestants of Ln^^- ford are at present in possession of the ancient monastic church. Moydoe, or rather Killmodan, in the barony to which it gives name. A bisliop Modan resided here, he was surnamod the " Simple." IIo is, ■ styled abbot of Killmodan and bishop of Carnfurbuidhe, by Archdall, and his death is set down at 561. KCCLE8IABT1CAI. HISTOBT OF tBELAITO. 539 Erclacua, a disciple of St. Patrick, as Archdall is pleased to call him, was a priest of Killmodhan. It would seem better to place Kill- inodan, or Rathmodan, in the diocese of Connor, county of Down. St. Johnstown, in the barony of Qranard. Tliere was a gray friary (Franciscans), dedicated to St. John the Baptist. It was situated at or near this town. CHAPTER LIY. COUNTY OP LOUTH. Akdee, or Atherdee, gives name to the barony. Roger de Pippaid, lord of Ardee, built a magnificent castle in this ^o-v- an'' for the health of his soul, his wife's, Alicia, his father's, W, -nother's, Joan, and his brethren, Gilbert and Peter, found. ' under the invocation of St. Joim, for cross-bearere, or c: -f St Augustine's order, A.D. 1207. A.D. 1425, John Hyde was prior. George Dowdall, the last prior, surrendered the mona?.^. .i the 6th of December, thirty-fii-st of King Henry VIII. On giving up the property of tiie abbey, George Dowdall was allowed an annual pension of twenty pounds until he should be preferred to some ecclesiastical benefice. He afterwards became archbishop of Armagh, and strenu. ously opposed tiie innovators. A.D. 1(512, King James, by letters patent, bearing date the 4th of June, conveyed the extensive possessions of this abbey to Sir Garrett Moore, at the annual rent of £79 8s. 4d. Tlie continuafirg of Sir Henry SpoUman allude to the sacrileges which the Stuart family have committed, and attribute the visible punishments which have been inflicted on that family as justly due to their aggressions on the riglits of the church. Catholic writers assi-m them to the defection of James I., of England, from the faith of their 040 B00£E8U8TICAL HISTOBT ot IRELAin). fathers, and Irish annah'ate might add, the spoliation of Ulster and Con- naught, hy that pedantic sovereign. Whatever may have been the cause of the evils which have been attendant to the posterity of James tnanifoid as are the evils which Ireland has endured at the liands of the' nngratefnl Stuarts, still the descendants of Irish p rents, whose ancestoi^ shed their blood m defence of the .econd James, and the last Catholic sovereign of England, will with pleasure learn, that his children have profated by the lesson which adversity supplied, and that the inheritance ot an eternal crown became to them of more importance than all the .sple.;dor, and pomp, and majesty, which .emporal sway confoi-s James II. left a son, prince cf Wales, who was, on the death of his father, declared in Franca, by the sovereign of that country, king of England, Ireland and Scotland, who, as the rightful heir of those reatms unaer the name of James III., made unsuccessful attempts towar.Is re- covermg the throne of his ancestors. He is described by de Bur-^o bishop of Ossory, t. nave been as prudent as he was pious, as marttal' as he was magnanimous. Having been frustrated in his hopes of re<^ain- ing the crown of England, be repaired to Rome, where he was received by the pontiff Clement XL, and the cardmals, with marks of particular distinction lie there married the princess Haria Clementina Sobieski he grandcluld of John Sobieski III., king of Poland, who was -nnues! tionably the greatest hero of his ago, and the liberator of Europe from the fate which the arms of the Saracens menaced. Who can, says de Burgo, sufficiently extol this renowned queen, distinguished by prudence beyond her sex, endowed witli beauty as w.h every virtue ? Who can, as is ,„eec, describe the austere man^e" of her hfe, though engaged to fulfil the obligations of the married state, while sue wonderfully brought under subjection her flesh bv prayTr bread of l,fe? Who can narrate tliose acts of piety, chanty and penance w nch she daily practiced, and as studiously c cealed -the innumerable benefits which she conferred on the membe. of reii c mmnnit.es-the extraordinary humility by which she waged aC petual warfare on tl. vanity and folly of this world, by whil, devotld to acts of mercy and sympathy, she attended the sick n the 1 os , tals :dTi:ewi'::tT''^^^^^ patroness of the poor, the ^:!:: and the ^v.dow? Tins eminent queen having been the model of ma- rons, especial y at Rome, where she dwelt so many vea,., and he pi eni o per ectK>n, was esteemed and honored, on account nZ nX sanctity, winch even ende.red her to .e enemies of her faith, and'w^ after her death an event much regretted, both in the Efern 1 1 ^ well as m foreign countries, rendered still more illustrious bv the miV^ EC. 5il cles which are said to have taken place, and adorned her exemplary She died at Rome on the 18th of January, 1735, and was, at her own request, in the habit of the Dominican nun?, interred in the Vati- can Basilica, where a marble mausoleum m^is erected to her memory. James IF., had two sons by the illustrious Maria Clementina Sobi- eski: Charles Edward, born on the Slst of December, 1720, whose genius, in unison with absolute prudence and the acutest judgment, as well as his great fortitude in arduous undertaking, combined iith cou- rage ana bravery and skill in militaiy tactia, has shone conspicuously m the wars of 1745 and 1V46, having been present m person. Charles Ed^^ard, is the pei-son iiom the English people dreaded so much, as tJie " Pretender " to the throne of his fothers. Tlie other son, Henry Benedict, duke of York, was bom on the 6th of March, 1725, and was adorned as much bj his virtues as he was by his manners and habits of life. Benedict XIIL, who was a Dominican, administered to the young print, the sacrament of baptism, confe/rinc jn him, at the same time, the name of "Benedict." Tliough young, Init advanced and matured in wisdom and intellect, Henry Benedict was enrolled in the college of Cardinals by the illustrious pontiff, Bene- dict XIV.. who was created or raised to the purple by his predecessor. The cardinal duke of York was appointed bishop of Frascati, a town in the vicinity of Rome. Animated with zeal in the cause of the church, his lingular piety, his charity, remarkable prut^ .ce, fortitude, invinci- ble constancy, integrity, and his love towards the poor, with oiher virtues, by which he conciliated the good-will and esteem of all towards his pei-son, stamp upon his brow a crown of imperishablfe glory. This good bishop daily visited the churches of Rome, never omitting to assist at the perpetual adoration of the holy eucharist, and thus edifying the faithful, so as to have been a model to- the city, and as if a mirror, by which his sanctity and good works were reflected. When the Pope was compelled by the empero-- of the French to abandon his capital, and the cardinals were dispersed, the cardinal duke of York took refuge in Lond-n, and having renounced his claims to the throne of England, was allowed a considerable pension from the British government, about the jear 1798. White friary. A Carmelite friary was founded here, to which Ralph Pippard, in the reign of King Ec ward I., granted certain allow- ances, yearly, out of his manor in Ardee. A.D. 1315, the church of this friary, filled with men, women and children, was consumed to ashes by the Scots and Irish, under the com- mand of Edward Bruce. fM 643 KOOLEeiASTICAL HISTORY GF IRELAND. II A.D. 1320, Jolin Sugdroua, provincial of the Carmelites, hold a cluipter in tliia abbey. A.D. 1489, another chapter was held. A.^. 1504, the provincial synod, which Octavian do Palatio, arch- bishop of Armagh, had summoned to meet at Drogheda, in the month of July, was, on account of the plague then raging, removed to this church. Patrick, tlie last prior, surrendered the priory and its possessions to the royal comnu'ssioners, being tiien seized of the same ; tlio walls of a church, a dormitory, and certain chambers, with five messmigea and four gardens thereiinto belonging ; sundry mossuages and gurdons in ruins ; four other gardens, a park, and other pro{)erty, all of the annual value of 27s. 2d., besides reprises, Ardpatrick, a church said to have been built by St. Patrick. No account of wliich remains, except that the apostle had lived there for Borae time. Carlingford, a borough and market town in tlie barony of Dundalk. Piicluird do Purgh, eari of Ulster, founded the monrvstery of Carb'iigford for Dominicans, A.D. 1305; under the invocation of St. JVIahichy of Armagh. Tliirty-fourth of King Henry VIII., the prior was found seized of a church and belfry, chuptor-house, dormitory, hall, kitchen, and other buildings, one acre, one park, a close, seven messuages, and a water- mill, with their appurtenances, of the annual value, besides all re])rises of£4(;s. Sd. This monastery, with its ap{)urtenance8 already enumerated, was granted for ever to Sir Nicholas Bagndl, who assigned them to Viscount llami on, oi' Claneboy. Tlie ruins of this monastery bespeak its former luigni licence. Cluain-braoin. St. Patrick I'oretold the birth of a Dichul, called Abbas Kriuitio.isis. He was abbot of Loutii, A.D. 700. (Jolgun conjec- tures, that he was the Dicliu], whose memory was reveretl at Cluain- braoin. Perhaps ho was the son of 2s'essan, of Ireland's eye. See Mungret, county Limerick. A.D. 750, Kelbhil was abbot of this monastery. Drogheda, on the river Hoyne, a i)arliamentary borough; was a walled town with four gates, which were slii.t, agreeably to aiu'ient ens- torn, every night at (ho hour of twelve. Was besieged by Oliver Crom- well ; qiuirter was offered and accepted ; the enemy liaving entered the town, the i)ledge, which had been given, was now violated ; and as Boon jw resistance on the jiart of the besieged had ceased, (bom well ordered or tolerated a gereral massacre. " During live dayt' the street* EOCLKfllASTICAL IIISTOBY Olf IBELAJfD. 643 of Droghcda ran with blood. Ilevcgo and fanaticism Bti.nulatod tho ptts.i<,„H of tho 8..MiorH. Fvom the garrison, they turned th«ir Hwords against the inliabitanfa, and one tliousand unresisting victims were iin- niohited together within tho walls of the great church, whither they luul aed ior protection."— TingnrdV England, HH<}. _ t;roniwdl, i„ his dcsputch to the npeakor of the house of ConunonH intornm that ollicer of his success in the following words :— ' "SiK.— It has ])leased (Jud to hless our endeavours at Drogheda After batternig, we stormed it. Tho e..en.y were about throe thoi.sand Htn.ng m the town. I believe we put to tho sword tho whole nun.ber «t Iho defendants. I do not think thirty of the whole nund.er-escaped with their lives; and those that di.l, are in safe custody f,„ tho Harha- does. This hath been a marvel l.ms great mercy. 1 wish that all ho.u-st hearts may give the glory of this to (Jod alone, to whom ind-e.! tho praise ot this mercy belongs. For instruments they were very inccmsid- erable to the work throughout. (,. c„omwicm. " Keally Kngland is intoxicated with the blood of lri«h victims; "and as indulgence renders tho apj.etile more insatiable, she still ihi.-sts alter tho extinction of tho Irish name and race, lest Ireland ho a slandin.. and a permanent memorial of her sanguinary and unrelenting oppressiu^n. Regular canons, or tho canons of St. Augustine, whom Archdali too frequently citnfounds. The period of their institution in Drogheda is not known. A.I). 7.'i8, (.'nan, the scribe, died here. AJ).117(>, the abbot Amlave, was expelled from tl. is monastery, bee Movillo, county Down. Saint Mary's hospital, situate without the west gate of tho city, was founded by llrsus .le Sweinele, who, with the consent of his wife Chris- tiana, granted all his possessions in Ireland for the aid ami support ot the s.ek am. infirm in this house. The transfer of tho property was wit- nessed by Kugene, archbishop of Armagh. The cross-bearei-s, folh.wing tho rule of St. Augustine, wero intro. uueod ; but the period is uncertain. A.I). io,7, Joliii Auniell was prior. A.D. 147rt, William was pri<.r. At tho suppression of religious houses, this establishment and its poHsessitms wtre granted to the mayor of Drogheda. Saint Lawrence's priory, situated near the gate of that name which B dl remains, is sai.l to owe its foun.lation to the mayor and citizens of Ufngiieda. A.D. 1300, Martin, of Termonfeckin, having slain Lawrence de 544 fxx:le8ia8tical ni8TOKr of Ireland. .;i (I I Hell, in tlie dwelling-liouse of the master of tliis priory, took sanctuary in the church of St. Mary's Jiospital. On tlie suppression, it was granted to tlie mayor of Drogheda. Dominican friary, was founded, under the invocation of St. Mary Magdalene, in the north part of the town, by Luke Ketterville, arch- bishop of Armagh, who began its erection, A.D. 1224. A.D. 1227, the founder having died, was buried in his own mon- astery. A.D. 1271, died the primate Patrick Oscanlain, and was interred here. A.D. 1290, a general chapter of the order was held here. Pope Boni- face IX. granted indulgences to all pei-sons visiting the church oi this Jionastery in the years 1399 and 1401. A.D. 1451, a iiarliament was held in the city of Drogheda. A.D. 1494, a parliament was held in Drogheda, which enacted the taw of Sir Edward Poyning, renuering tiie introduction of any bill by the Irish commons informal without the previous consent of the En>>lish jabinct. Peter Lewis was ti o last prior. Its possessions were granted to Walter Dowdal and Edward Bocke for ever. In the year 1722, March the 28th, Hugh JtlacMahon, in the prima- tial chair of Armagh, initiatory steps were taken towards the revival of the Dominican order of nuns in Drogheda. Katharina J'lunket, having retui-ned from Brussels, was constituted the prioress. She received young ladies of resjiectable parentage and innocence of life soon atlter, as novices, who were many of tliem succea- sively chosen as superioresses. Tile head of tlie martyred Oliver Plunkett, archbishop of Armagh, kept in a silver shrine, has been preserved in the convent of Drogheda, wiiich has been dedicated to St. Katharine, of Sienna. The fii-st prioress died on the Ist of July, 1767. A.D. n5!>, there were eigliteen nuns in this convent. Brigid Taaffe, prioress; Maria O'Keilly, sub-prioress; Eleanor O'Neil, Maria Plunkett, Maria Balfe, Maria Bellew, Eleanora Jolly, Brigid Dillon, Hose Bellew, Margaret Savage, Frances O'Keilly, Catharine Ford, Catharine Clarke, Anna Tracy, Marianna Bath, Maria Kirwan, Maria O'Kelly, Maria Dodd. Gray friary. The family of Plunkett founded this monastery, near the north side of the Boyne, for convonti.ul FrBuciacans, in the year 1240. jx.D. 1*^0^, Jliehard Deblet, "Rnbcrt Savnge, and .Tolm Bolo, efTectetl their escape from the prison of the town, and took sanctuary in the EOOLE8IA8TIOAL HI8T0EY OF lEELAND. 545 Church Of this abbey, where they abjured the land. Tliomas le Morson hav,„g k,lled John de Middleton, took sanctuary here in the same Tear aVZVT ^" '^"^^^ ^^'™^^' ^- ^^J-'i the land! '"' of tlte Boyne """'"' "" "'^"""^ '^"^^^^ ^^ ^ --'i^*- A.D. 1518, the strict observants reformed this house. Hen^v VTTT .'r!"' """^ ''" '"' ^'""''■"'' "^^'^ '" ^^^ thirty-fourth ot Henry VIIL, this convent, with its appurtenances, six acres of meadow and a messuage ,n Swords, was granted for ever to Gerald aZIZI the yearly rent of 38. 6d. Irish. ^.vimer, at Ang,^tinian friary, was founded in the reign of king Edward I The famdy Brandon did afterwards repair this monastery. AD 13o9, a general chapter of the order was held here At the suppression, it was granted to the mayor and burgesses of Drogheda in the thirty-third of king Henry VIII '^'^''gesses of House of St. James. Eichard is mentioned as master of this house, at Drogheda, in the vear 1^n9 ti • of it. ^ ^^^' ^''^™ ^3 no more account li-ouse of St. Bonnet. In the parliament held at Drogheda. AD 467, before John, earl of W,,,,,ter, lord deputy, it was ordered that* to'::,? " :,"'"/ '° ^"'"^" ^^^ ^^-^ ^^^^^^ of k. Bennet, in Dlgi. together with sundiy rents in Dublin ^'o^utaa, Dromcarr, five miles .ast of Ardee, between it and the sea. A.D. 811, diod the abbot Kellagh. Dromfioinn. St. Finnian, the fi,-st instructor nf «3f n i i , •„ r :"" ",711"™' r '" • °'- «■'«'"■"" -:!•: .? rt i: ities, founded this ei^bli«hment. In the several TnVl, i . T A.I). (I(,4, ,1,0 aW,o, S,. n,,„*, ,1,. ,„„ „f Bornd,, did „f ,!,„ „,„„,„ 'i.,!'Z';,„:^";„r™ *-^™''"" '- - '"- »«'" - °™-s A.D. 87(i, .lied the abbot Tiernach, son of Muireadv A.D. 8,!>, St. Ai.hm VI., surnamed Finliath kimr nf T .l„ i ,,„ v,:':''"!'" """" '""'' I'""*-'™ "f '1- "1.1.0, 'i, ,™ „,„„.i,o,. 1.1 ,„,,],, prraoo..! (,n,.„|, and „,„ „f D„„„„l|, ki„,, „nr .|,.„ir -nd, ob^rvo. A.o:,d„„, d„ri„, ,„„ ,,„,,o„,„i„„ „r .,„; Z:;', JZ^ 646 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. I of the Danes, were slain, as if it were sacrilege to expel pagan robbers •who spared nothing sacred. ' Dundalk, a market town and parliamentary borough. Cross-bearers. Bertram de Verdon, lord of the town, about the close of the reign of king Henry II., founded this religious structure for the order of Crucifers following the rule of St. Augustine, and dedicated It to St. Leonard. It was afterwards an hospital for both sexes, and ad- mitted the sick, the aged, and the infirm. _ A.D. 1270, Patrick Oscanlin, primate of Armagh, died here and was mterred in the Dominican convent of Drogheda. A.D. 1287, Richard was prior. A.D. 1425, John Myleard was prior. Patrick Galtrym was the last prior. He snrrendered the hospital lu the thirty-fii-st of Henry, being then seized of a church and chapter- bouse, a doi mitory, hall and other buildings within the precincts. This hospital, with its appurtenances, was granted to Henry Draycot and hia heirs, at the annual rent of £11. Gray friary, was erected on the east side of the town, in the reign of king Henry HI., by lord John de Verdon. In the east window of this cliurch was some curious and elegant workmanship. A.D. 1282, a chapter of the order was held here. The possession's of this friury were found by inquisition to consist ot a church, beir.y, and dormitory, a park, an orchard, two gardens, one messuage, a park called Brandon's, a rood of land, all of the annual value ol 10s. besides reprises. April 30th, thirty-lifth of Henry VHL, this convent, with a messuage and close, and four acres of arable land, was grnntetl to James Brandon at the fine of £i) 10s., and the annual rent of o'd., all Irish money. Ernatiensis. See Olonbrone. Faugher, the birth-place of St. Brigid. Nunnery of Fochart-Bridhe, said to have been founded bv St Mo- nonna, about the year G30. The accounte of this holy virgin are not satisfactory. • Her father was Maughteus, prince of the great sept of the Conalls about Dundalk, and in the county of Down, and ruler of an extensive territory, stretching from Iveah to the neighborhood of Armagh. Tho tune m which she flourished, is variously stated. She is said to luivo gone to Britain and to have established seven churches in difl\.rent parts of that country, in one of which she died, during tho lifetime of St Co- lumbkiUo. If 80, the convent of Fochart-Brighd,, must have been founded much earlier, as St. Colun.ba died A.D. 597. Usher remarks that Columba, the first bishop of Dunkeld, was probably tho person in' E0CLE8USTICAI, mSTOEY OP lEELAND. 547 ^Z'^r: ';-f "'""' "'"*' "" *'"''.- "'■-» .l.e died, is I^W Wo..., „h.l, ., .„,,«ed ,0 have bee. near Buadee, in Seal de*. pie.y, b,,i,. a „„„n,eo. nea,- Alieswon,, if W ?; 1 L T ™- It « related that al,e governed ove, one hundred and fift! vt • • the nnnncrj of J-oehart-Bridhe and havintr relld ,T '^ * '" tWto Orhii. or Serviia, .he h„i,t a, Ll^ .Ij^^'SHr' m the count, of Ar,„.gh. See Killslieve, in Armagh " °' -^}^j:srder— x:r^-;r"- es.ath=',;:i::;L:;o;.t. t^-^-"-' - -- •« ■- -^n Inismochda—tlie church ot—nillaL^edbvH.pSnnn.1- • A T) oan Tf • , , , i"""feeu oy the bcandinavians or Danes A.U 940. It ,s more probable that Inis.nochda should be nln.«,l T' barony of Slane, county Meath. It was again ra a^i and 1 ", the years 1026, 1139 and 1152. ^ ^'"'"^^ '^ Iniskin-Degluidh. St. Dageus, who attended St. Moctheus of I^utl, and wlio administered to him the holy viaticum is sa t; . ' of the royal blood of ^eil Keigillacl, a^d to" iZ: ^.Z^^T^^^^ by lus ass.du,ty m transcribing sacred books and ingenuitvr m k f elegant covers for them, as also utensils and bolls for'he ' "e of 7 church, many of which he distributed gratis in varioTj^r^^^^^^^^^^^ le also governed a college or „.ouastery, and it is related th 1 1 e ^6'' fonned several great miracles. He wa« bishop of Inis-chaoin-Sel I out he seen, not to have been consecrated, when attending mZ^ He ved to a good old age, as he did not die until A.D. 587 nr tival IS marked at tlie 18th of August. "* A.D. 779, died the abbot and bishop Flann A.D. 863, died the abbot liobartagh, a learned scribe. A.U. 8(1, died the abbot Dungal. A.D. 879, died the abbot Duibhinso. A.D. 881, died the abbot Conallan, Asicus, bishop of Elphin, Biteus ami Tassach who fabnVafn,! utensils, are noticed as such as well as Dalu, ^^^ ^^''""'^''^ '''^''^ l««t saint is described in his life, whth ^ I^I^'Tn' '' ''' opiecop.. (DageuB) abbatibus, aliisque Iliberl' "a Sis " """ chnsmaha, librorumque coopertoria: qua^dam h..n.n. ,...,,, „.._, vero aba auro atquo argento, gen.misque pretiosrH"'circumt«or " -ore Dei ot aanctorum honore. «iae 1 .LJo ;r2; i^:!^ :r 548 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND, f 1 ; II niirabiliter composuit." Anotlier celebrated artificer in brass, and of the fifth or sixth century, is Conla, who was tlie manufacturer of a Bhrine reumrkable for its beauty, preserved at Dunffrutlien near tlio eastern sliore of lougli Foyle, about tlie beginning of the 16th century; and Colgan tells us, that so great was tlie fame of this artificer, that it had given origin to several popular sayings. " Proistantia illius artificis fecit locum diversis proverbiis Ilibernis fainiliaribus. Quando enini volunt quempium tanquam bonum auri- ficem sen ajrarium artificeni laudare, dicunt." " Nee ipse Conla est eo praistantior artifex." " Item quando volunt ostendere aliquid esse irrepa- rabile vel inemendabile." " Kec hoc enieiidaret a^rarius artifox Cunla." From the many references to shrines in authentic Irish annals, it would appear, that previously to tlie irruptions of tlio Danes, there were few, if any, of the distinguislied churches of Ireland, wln'ch did not possess costly shrines, containing the relics of their founders, and otlier cele- brated saints. Hence we find tliat the Danes invarial)ly ravaged and plundered the shrines of the saints, wlierever tliey were discovered, llie relics of St. Roiuin, abbot of Drumsliallon, were put into a shrine, which was ornamented witli silver and gold. Tlio relics of St. Conloath, first bishop of Kildare, according to Cogitosus, who described it, were deposited in a shrine of gold and silver. Kill-clogher, on the banks of the Boyno, anciently called KilJ- finnabhair, where St. Liemania is interred. She was the sister of St. Patrick and the mother of his seven nejjhews. St. Nectan, one of them, and a bishop, is said to liave i>resided here. In the calendar of Aensrus. he is called Nectan de Kill-unche. His festival is noted at the 2d of May. Kill-saran, in the l)arony of Ardee. Maud de Lucie founded this commandery for knights Templar, in the twelfth century ; in the reign of Edward II. it was given to the hospitallei-s. A.D. 1327, Friar lloger Utlaugh was preceptor of Kilsaran and K'l- mainhanibeg. i A.D. 1348, William Tyneham wast preceptor. A.D. 1483, Keating, prior of Kihnainliam, appointed Marmaduko Lomley preceptor of this house. See Killmainham. Killunche, now unknown, St, Nectan, of Killunche. See Kill- clogher. St. Nectan is buried there. Knock, near Louth. Doncliad Ilua Korvail, prince of the country, and Edan Coellaidhc, bishop of Cloghor, founded this priory for canons regular of St. Augustine, A.D. 1148, and which was dedicated to bS. Peter and Paul. A.D. 1181, died the abbot Marianus O'Gorman, the celebrated KCCLE8IA8TICAL mSTOBY OF IRELAND. 54Q lishmtnt. He has written, in Irish verse, a martyrology, comprising not only the saints of Ireland, but also those of other cou^tr^ 2 work IS in Ingh repute, for its accuraey, as well as the elegan ohL du.t.on. Marianus continued in the prior, of Knock, which'he dorn d by h,s vn-tues as much as he did by his learning. A.D. 1108, Donchad, the founder, died. A.D. 1417, the abbot Henry O'Connellan, was succeeded by James Lockard, who was fined for receiving into the profession of th [ hoTse John Mac vennavanne, a mere Irishman, in the sum of 13s. 4d ' canon' of St M.r ' "'! t"'',"' '"'"^ '"''^''^ ^''^'^^ ^^^^wich, a canon ot bt. Mary's, at Louth, was elected ' bisht^'ofSy''"""''"''^'""'''^ commendatory prior, was made In November the 25th, and thirty-first of King Henry VIII the extensive possessions of this celebrated abbey were granted to Sh- j1 lung, kmght, at the yearly rent of £16 5s. 4d Louth, founded by St. Mocteus, who was a Briton, and a disciple mos probably the last, of St. Patrick's. Ti.e establishment o S . M ot hens has been Inghly eelebivUed, and he himself has been represented as a man of learmng. It was usual with the early foundei. of mo^ tenes to attach to them schools, in imitation of the plan wh U i g^t" St. Martin of Toui-s adopted. ^ St Mocteus is styled " Pater egregia^ familiar, Lucerna Lu^maden- smm (Louth men). Magnus egregius et long.vus. Having attiSnedtTe venerable age ot one hundred years, St. Moctheus died, AD. 535 and It seems on the 19th of August. ' _ Moctheus became a bishop about the year 470; received the holy viaticum, as was already observed, from St. Dageus. ' A.D. 038, died the abbot Scanlan. A.D. 700, St. Dichull, of Ernatiensis, was abbot of Louth Dultk '^^' "^''"^ '''" '""""" "^^'' ^'''^''''' '^ ^«"''^' S^"'^' «"i A.U. 823, did Can, abbot and bishop of Louth. He was a man of uncommon erudition, and as a doctor, w,u. univei-sally esteemed A.IJ. 830, the Danes pillaged this abbey. A.D. 830 thl Danes destroyed the abbey, killing and taking prison- ers many bi8lioi)s and ecclesiastics b l "" A.D. 878, died Crunmaol, bishop of Louth, a holy anchorite. AD 968 the Danes being in possession of this abbey, were at Drumshln """'"''' "'° ''''' """^ °' *^^« ^^'^^' Se* 680 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF lEELASTD. i i A.D. 981, the steeple of Louth was blown down. A.D. 1075, the town of Louth and all its churches were destroyed by fire. A.D. 1148, the abbey was again consumed. Donchad O'Kervail prince of Orgiel, and Edan O'Ccellaidhe, bishop of Clogher, did jointly erect a priory of canons regular here, after which, St. Malachy, of Ar- ma,gh, consecrated and made it a sanctuary. It is supposed that it was built on the site of the ancient abbey. It was under the invocation of the Virgin Mary. A.D. 1242, a chapter was held here by the archbishop of Armagh, at which were present all the abbots and prioi-s of the order in Ireland.' Many of thfe relies which St. Mocteua brought from Eome, were shewn to the people. A.D. 1378, William GMoney, the prior, was fined for admitting into his abbey, Richard O'Kenwall, a mere Irishman, who still remained there as a canon, contrary to tlie statute. The prior of this house sat as a baron of pariiament. John Wile was the last prior. Tlie tithes belonging to this monas- tery were granted partly to Ambrose Ap-Hugh, and partly to Robert Harrison. Mellifont abbey, in the barony of Ferrard, and about five miles from the city of Drogheda, situated in a pleasing valley. Mellifont has been one of the i-.ost important, and at the same time the most magnificent monastic edifices in Ireland. It was founded by Donogh O'Carrol, prince of Oriel, A.D. 1142, at the solicitation of St. Malachy, of Armagh. Having been built for ,nonks of the Cistercian order, particular attention was pa.d, and no expense spared in render- ing it worthy of the patronage of the groat St. Bernard, who had sent from his own monastery at Clairvaux, monks to inhabit it, four of whom were Irishmen, who were sent thither by St. Malachy, and educated in the discipline of the order, under the care and vigilance of that iahit. It was consecrated by the primate Gelasins, in the year 1157 Christian, bishop of Lismore, who was then apostolic legate, and many other prelates, and numbers of the inferior clergy Jiaving attended. There were also present Murtogh O'Loghlin, king of Ireland, O'Eocha- dha, prince of UJidia, Tiernan O'Rourke, prince o'f Breifny, and O'Carrol, prince of Oriel. On tiiis occasion the king of Ireland 'gnve, as an oflfering to Almighty God, one hundred and forty oxen, sixty ounces of gold, and a townland, near Drogheda, called Finnabhuir na ningean ; O'Carrol, of Criel, sixty ounces of gold ; Dervorghill, wife of O'Rourke, of Breifny, sixty ounces of gold, with a chalice of the same iestroyed 'Kervail, d jointly f, of Ar- »t it was nation of A.rmagh, Ireland, e shewn Emitting emained monas- Eobert e miles ne time ided hj n of St. stercian render- ad sent f whom Jucated of thai r 1157, 1 many tended. 'Eocha- r, and I 8«ve, , sixty inir na wife of e same ! V ■ ,-5 ' If 1 ■ 1 Bl IIS ''I H 1 1 f 1 , l! ja C i « t » r tl n k . BCCLE8U8TICAL HISTOET OF nUELAKD. 551 ^;:^^ material ; she also gave sacrsd vostmenta for each of the nine altars that were erected in the church. For a considerable period, the abbey of Mellifont as well as the other Cis^^^ercian houses of the kingdom, continued in connexion with the abbey of Clairvaux, to which considerable sums of money were re- mitted. To correct this abuse or practice, an act was passed in the reign of Edward III. enjoining all ecclesiastics not to depart tlie kingdom ou any account whatever, nor to raise or send any sums of money openly or privately from the country, contrary to the statute. In consequence of this enactment, the abbot of Mellifont, Eeginald, was by a jury, in 1351, found guilty of raising 664t florins from the abbots of Boyle, Knockmoy, Bective and Casliell, one half of which he had remitted to the abbot and monastery of Clairvaux; and again in the year 1370, John Terrour, the abbot, was similarly indicted for remitting the sum of forty marks to the same abbey. Little now remains of this magnificent abbey ; a few fragments of which sufficiently attest its former splendor and beauty : they consist of the beautiful little chapel dedicated to St. Bernard, and wliicli is an ex- quisite specimen of pointed architecture. This chapel had a noble east- ern window and three smaller ones on each side, nearly all of which are now destroyed, together with the entrance doorway. The doorway was ornamented with a profusion of gilding and painting in variegated colors, and is said to have been one of the most beautiful of the kind in Ireland. It has been sold, the purchaser intending to make of it a chimney-piece. There is still left an octagonal building called a baptistery, on the top of which was a large cistern, from which water was conveyed by means of pipes to the different apartments of the abbey. The lofty gateway of the abbey still remains. Through the arched gateway runs a mill-dam, by which the machinery of a mill erected on the ruins is worked. The well of the abbey, which had been tilled with rubbish, has been recently discovered. There are also some of the vaults to bfc seen. The earth around is literally strewn with fragments of walls and foundations, of which in the year 1849, it would be impos- sible to form any opinion. A.D. 1193, Dervorghilla, wife to Tiernan O'Rourke, prince of Breif- ny, died in this abbey. Slie may be justly styled "the Helen" of Ireland, as her faitlilessncss has been accessory to the English invasion of Ireland. It is to be hoped, that she has expiated her crime by a sincere convereion in this abbey. A.D. 1380, it was enacted that no mere Irishman should make his profession in this abbey, though an Irish prince founded it, and was 552 EOCLESIiSTICAL mSTOBY OF lEELAND. consecrated before the foot of an English invader ever polluted the soil ot Ireland. A.D 1472, Roger was abbot. A.D. 1479, John Logan was abbot. A.D. 148C, Jolm Troy was abbot. A.D. 1524, died the abbot Thoniaij Harvey. A.D. 1540, Richard Conter was the last abbot, to whom an annual pension ot £40 was granted for life. The abbot of Mellifont was a baron of parliament, Tlie property of Melhiont abbey consisted of one hundred acres, being the demesne land hve water-mills, eight messuages, and two huo,cired and lifty-live acres of land m the sheep-grange, together with seventy-two messuages and two thousand acres in the county of Loutli; it amounted to one hundred and eighty-one messuages, two thou«uad five hundred and ninety-six acres ct- arable and pasture land, in tlie county o." Meath, besides the Utiles of various rectories in both counties. At the dissolution, there were one hundred and fifty monks besides lay brothers and servitors in the abbey of Mellifont. At the period of the general plunder of the cliuiv h property, all its possessions wore granted to Sir Ldward Moore, the ancestor of the present Marquis of Drogheda, and under him and his descendants it iinderwent many changes and vicissitudes. Among other ornaments, were the statues oi the twelve apostles in stone, and Sir Edward, or one of his i.nrne- diate successors, conceiving they were as useful in a temporal as in a spi- ritual capacity, clothed them hi scarlet, put muskets on their shouldere and transtorming them into British grenadiers, placed them to do duty m ku lmll~'^ station which they occupied for some time, but they are now gone. *' _ S.r Edward Moore made this abbey his principal residence, convert- ing the abbey at the same time into a place of defence. In the memo- rable contederation of 1641, a considerable body of the L-ish besie-ed it • and the garrison, which consisted of only fifteen hoi-se and twent^y foot' made a vigorous defence; but on the failure of their ammunition, the loot men surrenuo.. I .nj the horse charging vigorously through the li-isli, reached I>'.og!,'>aa m safety. Monasterboice, in the barony of Ferrard. St. Boetius, of whom scarcely anything is recorded, was a bishop, and probably abbr.t of this house. The death of this saint took place in 522, the 7th of . omber A.D. 759, died the abbot Cormac, son of AIllUl A.D. 762, the abbot Dubhdainver, son of Cormac, was drowned in the Boyne. A.D, 838, died the abbot Fluithrl, a holy anchorite. EOOLE8LA.8TIOAL HISTORY OF lEKULND. 553 A.D. 958, the abbey was plundered. A.D. 1052, died Flann, a professor of this abbey and an eminer-.t antiquarian, A.D. IOjO, died Flann Mainistreacb, a professor of this abbey, a man of uncommon knowledge in learning, antiquity, and poetry. A.D. 1097, the abbey was destroyed by fire. The ruins of this ancient abbey and its round tower, situated between Drogheda and Dunleer, form a singular and interesting group. Tlie enclosure of a small churchyard, containing the shells of two small chapels, two perfect stone crosses and a broken one, are the finest speci- mens of Irish ecclesiactical antiquity to be met with in the kingdom. The round tower is also in good preservation. One of the crosses,lbout eighteen feet high and of ono entire stone, is said to have been sent from Rome and erected by order of the Pope. It is called after the founder of the monastery, St. Boetius, and is considered the most an- cient one in Ireland. On this cross are numerous devices and an inscription in old L-ish characters referring to a king of Ireland, who died A.D. 634. To the northwest of one of the churches stands the round tower, which is one hundred and ten feet high. •Its circumference is seventeen yards, diminishing gradually from its base, like a Tuscan pillar. The walls are three feet six inches thick, the door of which is five feet six inches in height, twenty-two inches wide, and six feet from the present level of the ground. It is arched and built with free stone, as are also the windows of. the chapels. In the inside or diameter, it is nine feet, and above the door it is dl-i'Ied into five stories by rings of stone slightly projecting. Termon-fechin. Termon is the Irish word expressing the Latin ono "Terminus," a boundary. The lands adjoining the monastery were called Termon-lands and with regard to these enclosures or marks of the ecclesiastical property, were canons enacted for their protection. "Let the terminus of a holy place have marks about it— Wherever you find the sign of the cross of Christ, do not any injury there." Three persons consecrate a "terminus " of a holy place, a king, a bishop, and the people. In these " termini " were erected crosses, which denoted as well as reminded the observer of the sanctity of the i^lace as well as of the boon of redemption, whereby he could, with the assistance of divine grace and by his own co-operation, secure a heavenly inherit- ance. St. Fechin of Ballysadare is said to have been the founder of this religious establishment. He died of the great plaguo in 665. Seu Ballysadare, county Sligo. 0S4 ECCLE8U8TICAL HISTORY OF IRELAin). A.D 935, died Conangenius, abbot of Tegh-fechin, and a principal presbyter of Armagh. Nunnory of, was founded by MacMahon, for regular canonesses of St. Augustine, under the invocation of the Virgin Mary. . Pope Celes- tine III. confirmed their possessions, by a bull, bearing date the 26th of February, A.D. 1195. By lettei-P patent, granted in the year 1418, the prior of the monas- tery of Louth had the first vote in the election of the prioress of Termon-fechin, ^ Tlie last prioress was Margaret liabbard. Its possessions were seized, and afterwards leased by the crown, to Catharine Bruton. on the 20th of April, 1578. ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0BT OF IRELAND. 555 CHAPTER LV. COUNTY OF MAYO. AonAoowER. Its first church erected by St. Patrick, over which he placed St. Senach, a most holy and Iminblo man. It is not supjiosed to have been a monastery at this early age, as postulants 3ould scarcely be found to enter it. Archdall too frequently asserts that the parochial or pastoral cliurclics weiv. monastic estabh'shnients. There is in tliis place a round tower, wliicli proves that it must have been a place of importance. These structures are found only wliere monastic estal)lis]iments were erected, and were intended as belfries, and also places of strength and security in cases of attack or of lire, bee Ardbrackan, in the county of Meath. Aghamore, in the barony of Costelloe, and near the borders of Ros- common. St. Patrick placed his disciple St. Loam, over the church of Aghamoro. This is also to be numbered amon^' the parochial churchca as well as tiie former, in its early days. . Annagh, in the bnrony of Killmain. A cell of Franciscans, to which belonged two (puirtei-s ami a half of land, viz. : Leaghcearran, Innany, anlitorate every vestige of our faith, the Cathohc mhab,tar.ts of Ireland, when their prie.ts wore hanged dra^^7,, and quartered, and immoiate.l to the Moloch of IVote.tanttm' and Us ascendancy laws, had no place to offer to the (io,l cf Majesty !!u.l".'""'' "" '"'""'' " "''"■'' '"""^' ^'""^^"^'^ ^■"""^-■- -•« To the Irish Catholic, then, the sneer of the Protestant is of liftlo value, when ho knows that tl.e saints of Lvland usuallv ble^.d those founlams, and that .t was customary with St. Colun.bkille'to bl.s. amoZ other thn.g., (..r the use of the fiuthful, tlu.so fountains, at wluVh tl,: eectanan snee.. so much. In the ancient life of St. C.lun.hkHio, in the Lea uu- Hreac," preserved in the l.brary of the Royal JW.h Ac demy the following passage occurs :-— ^* " Ho (r„Iu«.bl? tlie sake of leading a religious life, lie reached the county of Mayo, and on his way thither, called at the court of Eugono Bel, son of Kcllach, 658 EC0LE8USTI0AL mSTOBT OF mELAlTO. to 1 f T^ ■ ^:^'"' ^'^ ^^ ^'"^^ ^" *^« y^^'- 538, according o th four Masters and Colgan; and our St. Cor.ac visited hi.n soJe 21 Zu 1 "'?, «f /«-d«d his .ona^ter, on the banks of the Moy. Tlough some think they were distinct, still in their history there a^e co.nc,dences wh ch would lead to the inference, that tl,ere was n l^ ot Munster there ,s one point of agreement. He is said to have sailed from Ems in quest of an unknown island. Both if thev exilVfl nshed in the Oth century. See Inchmean, in Lough Ma'; rC^'" Ballynsmall, m the barony of Clanmorris. A friary for Carmelites was founded here by the Prendergasts, in the 13th century, under he invocation of the Virgin Mary. ^' ^ - Donoghbuy O'Gonnly was the last nrior At Hm ., • , mill race. Tlie whole valued yearly at 13s. 4d. sterli,,.. Ballinrobe, in the barony of Killmain. It takes its name from the river Kobha, on which it is situated. ^ " f ^''f !>'« beginning of tlie eleventh century, Tuatlml O'ilaly lord of Oules, built the Augustinian Mendicant priory of Ballinrobe 'uZe wa« also a small abbey or cell, St. John's, gone I ruin, and a small ^ called Kilerara, wliicli was a small house of nuns." Such is l de! Bcnption of Ballinrobe, made in the year 1084. The pos^l 1 Lt hou- were tew. On the 2d of July, 1G08, Tliomas Nolan c7b 1 Hn This gentleinan, Tl.omaa Nolan, before the date of the above ™t esided at t e "C.waghe," now called, Creagh in the baroiy of' Ki ! nam Nolan obtained the cattle of Crevagh and three ii^h on the fourteenth day of the first niohlh, without caring on what day of the week it fell, while you never celebrate your Easter except on a Sunday, so that you do not agree with John, 86 663 ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOBY OF IRELAAT). II l> «' Peter or the law or the gospel." The observation of Wilfrid regard- mg the paschal regulations of St. Peter was incorrect, as the day of faster was not the same observed in Wilfrid's time as in that ot St meters. Colmari, who was not acquainted with the old Eoman system, did not perceu-e the n.istake of his opponent, and continued, by asking, whether It could be supposed that their most revered father, St. Columb- kiUe, and Ins holy successors, who followed the Irish system, entertained bad sentnnents, or acted contrary to the scriptures; men, whose sanc- tity was proved by miracles, and whose example and rules he endea- vored to adhere to in every respect. Wilfrid acknowledged that they were holy men, and that as they were not acquainted with the true paschal system, their not observing it was of little detriment to them • .md he added-" I believe, that had they been rightly informed on the subject they would have submitted to the rules proposed to them, in the same manner as they are known to have observed the commandments ot God winch they had learned. But you and your associates certainly commit sm, ,t after having heard the decrees of the apostolic see, naj( of die umversal church, and those conlirn.ed by the Scriptures, you dis dam to folowthem. For although your fathers were ^aint; is the.V mall number from a corner of an island in the extremity of the world to be preferred to the whole church ? And however holy and great a performer o m.racles as your Columba was, could he be preferred to the most blessed prmce of the apostles, to who.n the Lord has said-Thou art ^mll not prevail agamst it : and I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven ?" The king then said, "is it true, Cohnan that the Lord has thus spoken to Peter ?" The bishop replied in the afl rmati n>e king added : "Can yon show that so great a power was grant dtci your Columba ? " No," said Colman. The king continued f "Do you that the Lord has given to him the keys of the kingdom of heami ?" ' ^r tn' ^'^/:r^^'^' ---'•• The king^hen concluded: d^ctlnl '"') '" " '" gatekeeper, whom I will not contra- dict, and whose decrees 1 wish to obey, as far as I know and am able • lest on my arrival at the gate of the kingdom of heaven, there sho d PortanlT^rT "r"f ''"^ T "" "'"^ '' *'" '^''^ '•-■^^d the iin- portant see of Lmd.sfarne, departed, taking with him all the Insh and 1 8 way ■;?; 1 ';^'"'''' r'- ^'^'^^"^""»" ^^ ^'-^^ establishment. ' On Ins way to Ireland he went f.rst to Ily, where ho remained a short time. EOCLESUSTICAL HISTOET OF IRELAND. 663 According to Bede, the Irisli monks, whom he calls " Scot I » w. . in summer and harvpsf- f.nm ti ^^*'' ^^"' durinjr the r ah^t^mc^ t? .1 • . ■^.n^iisn nad prepared disag^men. "'" "" ■='""-'"■« "■<- ^e cause of the of Boplun 18 assigned to the year 667. monasteiy A.D. 711, died the bisliop Boetlian slain. ^-.rDa*;' "'° ''""' ''•'"""""«= '— to IT,, and was A.D. 916, died the abbot Fearadacli Bornscarra, in the barony of CarraHi Thp Pn^r^.i-f 1 ^ , • ^o.e, *.. P,e .o>,n Xxi. ,a™ .„t„ H^e^UersrC,;;: 23d of October, ll.ird of Jame, I., i, was foand that the prior of R. r,scarr. wa. .e .ed of a „,ar,er of land, called Borristerra ; ' „„„, value, besides reprises, Se. ' »'"uuu Bowfinan, in the barony of Tyrawley, and parish of Adder^ooie Tins was a honse of conventual Fran.i^.np. ^aaer^ooit. the tior'ofBlff" ''""/"/''«, ''''' ^' ^W- l^^^, it was found, that tarZon"T''T::" '" '"'"^ "' ''^''''''^y^ -"« «-^«d of four quarters d land, with their appurtenances, tithes, &c. 5G4 ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0BT OF IBELAKD. ! Ill The name of the founder is not recorded. As this territory be- longed to the Bourkes, who expelled the ancient proprietors, it may bo supposed tliat family founded Bowfinan. Burrishool g.vesname to th'i barony, and is about two miles distant from the town of Newport, It appears from a bull of Innocent VIII., dated 9th February, 14S6, that Richard de Burgo, Lord William Ough- ter and head of the family of Turlogh, founded this monastery under the invocation of the Virgin Mary, for Dominican friars At the suppression of religious houses, the abbey was granted to Ki'.holas "Weston, who assigned it to Tlieobald, Viscount Costello- ' Gallen. Eichard O'lleyne, of this convent, was a distinguished missionary of London, and was senior chaplain to the Spanish church, where he died, A.D. 1728. Two nuns, of the Dominican order, Ilonoria de Burgo and Ilonoria Magaen, suffered martyrdom, and were interred in this house. Clare-Island, in the barony of Miirrisk, where the celebrated Grace O'Malley frequently resided. It contains about 2400 acres. A cell for Carmelites was founded here by the O'Malleys, under the invocation of the Virgin Mary, in the year 1224. It afterwards became annexed to the abbey of Knockmoy, in the county of Galway. Cong, in the barony of Kill main, between Lough-Corrib and Mask. It was formerly a town of note, as having been the residence of the kings of Connaught. Saint Fcchin erected the monastery of Cong, according to some ac- counts, under the invocation of the Virgin Mary. Otliei"s say it was founded in the year 624 by Donald, son of Aodh, nephew to Aumireach, king of Ireland, and that Fochin was for some time abbot of it. St. Mollaga is said to have been abbot of Cong. See Tulaclimhin, in the county of Cork. A.D. 1137, the abbey ot Cong was destroyed by fire. A.D. 1198, Roderic O'Connor, the last monarch of Ireland, died in this abbey, calmly resigned to his fate, having been in the eighty-second year of his life and the twelfth of his retirement from the world. IIo ■was interred at Clonmacnoise. The monarch of Ireland and king of Connaught, Roderic O'Connor, who tamely permitted the encroachments of the English adventurers, at length roused from his lethargy, crossed the Shannon with a considerable army, and proceeded towards the capital, wliich he invested. In conse- quence of the unhappy dissensions which prevailed among his troops, anvl which have been at ail rimes unfortunately tlic ruin of the Irish, ho was defeated and obliged to sue for peace. Tlio monarch dispatched depu- ties to Enjijland who met the king at Windsor, where a peace was most KCCLE8IA8TICAL IHSTORT OF IRELAND. 565 solemnly concluded b. < veen the two monarchs; Eoderic consentincr to do homage and pay tribute to the king of Enghmd, whereupon he waa to hold his kingdom of Connaught, with the title of kmg under the English sovereign, and in as ample a manner as he had done before the coming of the English. Roderic faithfully performed the treaty, to which he engaged -, adhere, while the English monarch flagrantly violated his compact. In the year 1178, the English first set foot on tlie soil of Connaught. Murrough, one of Roderic's sons, having received or pretending to have received some injury, privately despatched messengers to Milo de Co-an, who then lay in Dublin, inviting liim to march into Connauglit with a sufficient force and promising that he would be ready to assist him ; at the same time holding forth great prospects of plunder. Milo, wlio only wanted tlie invitation, immediately set out with upwards of 500 men, and soon arrived in Connaught ; but having met with a reception far dif- ferent from that which he expected, he was obliged to make a shameful retreat, with considerable loss. The traitor Murrough was deservedly sentenced to lose his eyes and suffer peipetual imprisonment. Ilavint^ been soon after wards liberated, he became the guilty cause of the mos° lamentable dissensions. William FitzAdelm de Eurgo, who, during his government of Ire- land, formed the plan of obtaining a grant of the entire province of Connaught, where he hoped he would be enabled to establish himself in consequence of its distracted state. Having been recalled from his government, he confidently applied to Henry on the subject. The king though he should recoil with indignation from an act, by which he shamefully violated his solemn treaty with the sovereign of Connau, whon.^ he defeated with a loss of 200 foot and 30 horse; in commemoration of which he founded the abbey of Knockmoy in the county of Gal way. A,D. 1201, William de Burgo ravaged the abbey of Cong. This year died the eminent Catholicus O'Dutfy, bishop of Tuam, and was here interred. A.D. 120rt, William Bourke repeated his ravages. At the general suppression, Aeneas MacDonnell was abbot, when he surrendered, being seized of the lands and possessions of this abbey all of which were granted, for fifty years, to Sir John King, ancestor to the earl ot Kingston. This family acquired vast possessions in Irelaud. iMany grants of church property have been made to their ancestor, and ^•Uhin the past year, 1852, they have been sold in the court of encum- bered estates. The abbots of Cong were continued, the last of whom Frendergast, died some years ago. The cross of Cong was sold for a hundred guineas to the Royal Irish Acadeiny by the present pastor of Cong. Cross, in the half barony of Erris and parish of Kilmore, was formerly called " Holy Cross," and is opposite to Ennisgluaire. The abbots of Ballintubber erected the monastery of Cross which was dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The superior was aj.pointed'by the abbot of the parent house, to which he was to pay (in the name of a chiefry) the sum of 30s. 4d., and the snb-pHor was to expend a farther sum of 5s., being the remainder of their income, in the support of him- self and convent, and also in defraying tl ^ e.xpenses and necessary repairs ot their house. By an inqusition taken the twenty-seventh of queen Elizabeth, this monastery was found in the possession of three quarters of land with the tithes of the same. It is now a burial-place; its ruins are strewn over with drift-sand. The whole district of Ems is held by Bingham and Carter, the first having obtained his property by fraud and ciicumveution. It is now destined for the court of encumbered estates. Crossmolina, in the barony of Tyrawley and parish to which it gives name, to the west of Lough Conn, and situated on the river Deel In the year 130G, Jolin, the son of William de Eathcogan, Walter de Usser and Walter de Cogan were indicted for assaulting and im- prisoning the abbot of the blessed Virgi --Par Crossmalyne, and also lor taking away his goods and chattels to t.:e amount and value often marcs. A writ horc.ipon issued to attach the said John, which was ac- cordingly done. ECCLE8IA8TICAI- niSTORY OF IRELAND. 567 By an inquisition taken the twenty-seventh of queen Elizabeth, this: abbey was found to possess four quarters of land, each of the annual value of 13s. 4d. sterling, and the tithes of the same. O'MuUeny was the lord of this district, Moy' Elecg, before the Bourkes and the Barretts robbed and plundered the ancient inhabitants. It is said tliat an O'Mulleny was the last abbot, and hence it has gotten its name from the cross erected there and from the family, who pos- sessed, of old, the territory adjacent to it. A vestige of tliis beautifully situated abbey does not remain. Tlie orchard is still to be seen. A Major Orme, some yeai-s ago, to shew the sincerity of his hatred to the religious establisliments of popery, demolished the ruins, pro- faned tlie tombs of the dead, and erected on the site of the abbey- church, a mansion which he did not long enjoy, having died there almost a pauper ; his body, seized by a Catholic inhabitant of the town, was detained, until a sum of money due to this person was duly ic- counted for. Tliere is another family in the neigliborhood of Crossma- lina, who possess a portion of tho monastic property of tliis abbey as its name denotes (Gortner-abbey) ; a family particularly distinguished by persecution and cruelty towards the people, whenever an opportunity occurred. Tlio unfortmiate rebellion of 1798 gave the representatives of tliis family and tlie Jacksons an opportunity of indulging their spleen And of imbru;ng their hands in the blood of the Rev. James Conry, of Addergoole. Within the last twenty yeare the vengeance of Heaven has been visibly displayed towards the Ormsbys of < Jorlner-abbey. Domnachmor, in the barony of Tyrawley, and pariah of KillrJa. The lii-st church erected by St. Patrick after the conversion of the princes and people, at :&[ullifarey. « It was erected of earth, because there had been a scarcity of timber in the district." The body of the bishop St. Muckna was buried there. See the proceedings of" St. Pa- trick in Tyrawley. Page 25G. The ruins of an ancient church are still to be s. in tlie townland of Tawnagh-mo.e, which is contiguous to the famous fountain, with whose watere the apostle baptized the multitudes whom he there con- verted. It was not a monastery in those early times, Archdall seta it down as an abbey ; however, in the next townland there was a nunnery of " black nuns," convenient to Ci-oss-patrick, and wlu'eh had been largely endowed. Archdall makes no mention of it. With this fact before us, we can infer that Domnachmore was a monastery at some period, as the nunneries were often erected in the vicinity of the others, in order tliat tlicy could have the ordinary services of religion adminis- tered without delay and without intei rrupr:on. Erew, in the barony of Tyrawley, and parish of Crossmolina, 568 ECCLESLiSTlCAL UISTOKr OF IRELAND. peninsula Stretching far into Lough-Con. Errew, of Lough-Con, has been a celebrated monastic establishment. See Gille abbey, county of Arehdall mentions, that a St. Leogar was abbot of Lough-Con, and that h.s_feast is observed on tiie 30th of September. Of another saint who IS frequently mentioned iu.the annals of the Four Masters, there is m.lla rehc an the country, and which has been preserved at Ilappa- ca tie called 'the d.sh of Tiarnan." Its use was lor the washing of tho abbots or the bishop's hands. It had been frequently used for tie pur- pose of adjuration, by the {)eople. A.D 1172, died O'xMugiu, bishop of Cork, of the people of Errew. ot Longh-Cou. ' ISGO Cathar O'Co mor marched, with his forces, into Tyrawley (probably to enforce tribute,) and destroyed nuiny houses and churches T., , •. ''^-' ^^'"'^"^ MacFirbis, historian elect of Tyrawl.y, died. 0^.^ annly hved a: Ro.ork, removed thence to Leackan, in the parish of lullg ass lyreragh, where are still the ruins of the fan.ily castle, and m wh.ch the book of Leaean was partly compiled. When the per- seeufoii eonimenced, the historian, Mac Firbis, and biographer of the UDowdas, sought a retreat in the caves and solitudes of the country m winch he continued his narrative. Assuredly the diocese of Ivillala has done gc.od service to the cause of Irish literature, through MacFirbls and John Lynch, bishop of Killala. A.D. 1104, Thomas Barrett, bishop of Elphin, the most eminent maij m Ireland i„r wsdo.n an.l a superior knowle.lge of divinity havmg (Ik 1, was iutenv.l in the abbey of Errew, of Lough-Cou ' m r' . t!'^^'*^' "''""^ ^^"''■''^' '""' *"'"■" l"''*""^''- V ^f'^'^ ^^^"ften Robert Larrett,) m tho church ut' Krrew, frou. which he t„ok hin. by force I he saint of the place, in a vision, dennmding his freedom; Mac Watten, then lord of the country, dedicated a quarter of land fur ever to St. liarnan's shrine, as an eric (rec.u.pense) for havi,,:^ n,,,r,„,a us sanctuary. Hence it follows, that a sanctuary was estai>lished in this abbey church, and that St. Tiarnan was (he founder, as his shrine was tiiere preser\ ed. A.D.lo-M, the chiefs of North Connaught-O'Conno,^, Mac Do- naghs, and tho O'Dowdan, marched against the sept of IJic-hard J>.ourke at the instigation of Hichard llarrett, bishop of Kilhila. Tho jieople of tho country fled before them, with their property, to the monastery of Lranv, of Lough-Con; but the bishop carried off tl-n prey out of the lermon liarnau, to the forces, and would not rost<.re th,.,,. i,," h..nop of the Bauit. Tradition, as well as histoi Hourkcs and the Ilarretts, y, records tho liloody deeds of tho in Tyrawley. They were said to bt tl lie ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IKELAKD. 569 " Devil's companions." The English settlers of the reign of Henry II., in Ireland, were usually culled by the natives "festering boars and goats." Much to be lamented as is the subjugation of Ireland to the English yoke, and which nothing but the unnatural dissensions of the native princes could accomplish, abstracting perhaps thu v.'ill of Hea- ven for its own counsels, in propagating the Catholic faith, many of those adventurers became national in feeling as the Irish themselves, and were the Maccabees of Ireland. Ey an in(pii(>ition taken the twenty -seventh of Queen Elizabeth, it ajopears that the monastery of Errew did possess one quarter of land, together with the tithes thereof, valued at 13s. 4d. sterling, annually. Tiie church of this ancient abliey still remains. At tlio period of the Cromwellian persecution, a few of the friars were resident. As it was within view of Eniscoe, the property of the Jacksons, reminding them tlicn of their modern title to tlieir estates, and of the sacrilegious plunder of the church, an onslaught was made on these defenceless friars. "Wild or untamed horses were procured, to which the friars were attached, and then drawn asunder, to give sport to tlie Puritau adventiu-er. One of those animals having run into the church of the abbey, he was pursued by one of the party, and having entered the door, tlie animal struck him with his hoof, dashing his brains around, and besmearing the wall with his blood, marks of which still remain. About nineteen years ago, a young Jackson, mounted on a hunting charger, in the farm-yard, fell from hishoi-se, and received an injury, of which he immediately expired ; the father died an outcast from his family ; his late re[)resentative was cut olf by fever, in 1848, while act- ing as a ]ioor-la\v olHcial, in the county of Clare. An ancient church still renuiins near the abbey, which is said to bo that of a nunnery. Inisgluaire, or Inisglory, in the district of Erris, and parisli of Kill- more, witiiin the Mullet. It is situated opjiosite to the monastery of ('ross ; it was founded by St. Ih'cndan, of ('lonfert, county Galway. On this little islaixl are the ruins of four primitive stono houses, called " Cloghans," nearly of a bee-hivo form, and three snudl churches, the oldest of which is dedicated to St. Ihvndan. Here also was a nunnery. There are singular properties attrilMiteis8 Eremites ot St. Augustine, to erect thereon a ,onasterv, under tho in- vocation of the Holy Trinity. lV,po Nicholas V. eontinned the dona- tion by bull, dated tho 12th of December, UW, wherein he granted tho inain. n license to keep u boat on tho a.ljoining river, proper for fishing, and also lor salting the h'sh for sale (this is tho Avonn.ore which sepal rates the parish of Killala from Temple-murry). » It is so written in our annals," says friar Wiliiam 0':M'..ghyr ; but according to Alio- nuin.lo It 18 a matter of doubt wlu-th.-r this house was over in bc-in-r In this pouinsuhv is a holy well, dedicatod to St. Becan, and nJiir it ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEY OK lEELAKD. 571 was a burial place, which was much frequented until the drift ^and covered its surface. To this place the people resorted to celebrate tlie memory of this saint, in large numbers ; " hence the name, whicli sig- nifies the peninsula of tiie great station." " Tur," in Irisli, the same as tour in tiic Phiglish language, and " mor," great. The I-ish word now commonly used is " Turas." Tur is also used to denote a fortress, and adjacent to the fountain is a cashell, a sort of ecclesiastical structure, whicli has been common in Ireland. See Fenagli, countv Leitrim, and Innisinnny, county Sligo. Killcoman, in the barony of Tyrawley, and opposite the peninsula of Inistormor, in tlie bay of which the French, under General Humbert, landed in 1708. Founded by St. Cumian, who is much venerated through the pro- vince of Connanglit, in the 7th century. The founder was uaried here, and at his head was placed a slab, on which were inscribed Irish letters in tlie contracted form. Tliis slal) A\as broken in contempt of every- thing Catliolic, gome years ago, by the son of a neighboring parson. Soon after, in consequence of tlie profane use which was made of it by some ill-minded pei-sons, who must have been guided by the spirit of malice and revenge rather than of charity, it was removed by John Lyons, dean of Kiliala and pastor of Kilmore-Erris to the churcli of Bal- lina, and when the present ca' edral was commenced, the broken slab was deposited in tlie work under the altar. Tlie St. IJecan, whose name is connected with the history of Inistormor was the brother of St. Cum- inian. There are two celebrated saints of this name: Cumineus Albus, abbot of lly, who wrote the life of St. Columbkille, and who governed the monastery of that saint in the year 1557. Cumincs Albus was tiio son of Frnan, a brother of the abbot Segineus, who died in 052, and who was succeeded by Suilihne or Sweeny, sou of Curthri, who presided over the abbey of Ily, until Cummian became al)bot. He was accordingly a descendant of Fergus, tlie giandfather of St. Columbkille. Cummian died, after an adininistiation ot twelve years, on tlio 2-ith ot February, A.l). G(!l). This CuminouH, tliougli different, is frequeutlv confotnidod with tlio C\iniiiiian, writer of the oncydical letter to tlio abh it of Ily. KiU'ommon, in tlie barony of Krris and i)arisli of Kileonimon 'N'orth, is another church either founded i)y or dedicated to St. (Jummian. It is now a burial place, and is Bituated at tho foot of Coriihill, and on the banks of the river of Glenamoy ; tho fishery of this river constituted a portion of its properly. St. Cummian, author of tho celebrated epistle to Seginens, abbot of lly, was a nativo of Lcuth-Mogha, or tho Boutheru half of Ireland, and 672 ECX3LESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. received his education in the monastery of Durrow. Tiiis Cummian then, as well as Cuinmeus Albus or Fin, was of the Columban order : and at the t'me, in which his treatise was published, ho appears to have been in the monastery of Dhesert-Chumin, now Killcoinuiin iu the King's county. This celebrated production was written about the year 63-t. In it he enters on the various cycles of tit. Patrick, whom he calls the " Pope " or father of the Irish church, (whom an antiquarian of our own days, Ledwich, calls an ideal pei-sonage), of Anatolius, Theo- philus. A:c. St. Cummian, surnamed Fada, i. e. the long, was one of the princi- pal abettors of the Roman computation and promoter of its adoption in the South of Ireland. As he was a Columban monk, Segineus, abbot of Ily and his disciples, who were greatly attached to the Irish method on account of its being observed by their founder St. Columba, were much displeased with Cummian for his ojjposition to it and for having, as is supposed, induced the monks of Durrow to join with the clergy and people of tho south in the adoption of the Roman practice of observ- ing Easter. In justification of his conduct, Cunnnian wrote his epistle, lie says, that " prior to his having consulted the successors of St. Ailbe aid other eminent saints, he spent a whole year in studying the ques- tion in dispute; that he searched the holy scriptures; examined ec- clesiastical history ; inquired into the various cycles, ftnd into the divers Paschal systems of the Jews, Greeks, Latins, and Egyptians." Besides a multitude of texts of scripture, he quotes passages from Origen, St. Cyprian, St. Jerome, St. Augustin, St. Cyril oi Alexandria, and Gregory the groat. He refers also to councils, and enters into the in- tricacies of the Paschal comi)utations, founding his arguments partly oa the nature and origin of the Paschal solemnity aiul partly on author- ity, particularly that of tho great body of the Catholic cluwch. Laying great stress on the doctrine of St. Cyprian, and other holy fathei-s, re- garding the unity of tho church, he says, " Can anything more perni- cious be conceived as to tho mother church than to say, ' Rome errs, Jerusalem errs, Alexandria errs, Antioch errs, tho whole world errs; the Scots and Bn'ions alone are right.' " This great man did not, liow- ever, succeed in convincing the numks of Ily, as they continued to fol- \o\v the Irish computation, tintil St. Adatnnan etiected an uniformity in its observance in all the ColumI)an momisteries. St. Cummian was likewise tho author of other valiialile works, among which should bo noticed a tract " De pa^niteiitiarum mensura," u learned epitome of the ancient penitential canons. Tiiis treatise was aiierwards iouiid in tiie monastery of St. Gail, in Switzeriaiul, with the name of (ho abbot Cuinian, of Ireland preiixi'd. It was published by Kiriu, and republished in the edition of tho " Bibliotheca patrum," dt KCCLESIiSTlCAL HISTORT OF IBELAITD. 573 Lyons, in 1677. To this day it remains a valuable document of anti- quity, i)roving beyond question, the divine institution of sacramental confession with the penances enjoined, tlie sacritice of the mass, prayers for the dead, celibacy of the clergy, and many otlver points of faith and discipline, which the Catholic church always has and will ever continue to liold. Cummian died on tlie 2d of December, A.D. 6G2, In tlie epistle to Segineus, lie mentions Becan, wlio is styled the solitary, as his brother. It would then appear, that the author of this celebrated epistle is the Cummian so much venerated in Connaught, and the founder of the churclies wjiich bear his name. Killcrau or Killchree, in the barony of Killmain, and near Ballin- robe. In tlie thirtieth of queen Elizabeth, this house was seized of half a qjiarter of land with the tithes and appurtenances thereof, valued at 6s. sterling annually. See Tarmoncarra, county Mayo. Killedan, in tlie barony of Gallon and on tlie river Moy, either lounded by or dedicated to St. Aidan, bishop of Mayo, who died, A.D. 769. Another thurcli in Erris, at the junction of the river Munnin »vith the Avonmore has been called Killteain, perhaps after St. Cormac Ilua Liathain, A\ho travelled into Erris, with a view of sailing in quest of an unkiuiwn country, and who founded the abbey on the bunks of the Moy. The lii-st has been a friary of Conventual Franciscans, which, by an inquisition taken the 12th of May, 1608, was seized of divers lands and tenements, with four quartera of land, the tithes of the same, etc. Killnatrynode. Its situation is not known. It was endowed with a quarter of land adjoining. It became afterwards united to the abbey of the holy Trinity in Lough Key, county of Roscommon. Killfinan, in the territory of Kera, now the barony of Carragh. This church, it sooins, vyuh dcdicatoil to St. Finiin, whose name it hears, and to whom is also attributed the erection of Kiluhian. Ari.'hdall calls liii't also abbot of Kathene, in Tirconnel, county of Donegal, which existed only a short time. IJatheno was commonly called Ilatiienaspuic, i. e. Bisiiop's fortress or residence. Kllmore-moyle, in the barony of Tyrawley and parish of tliat name. An ancient church of Cyclopean construction, said to have been founded by St. Patrick for hia disciple St. Clean. It seems that there whs a saint of this name at some period, in Tyraw- ley. In the pari>li of Killala, adjoining Lacken, there is a place called *' Cluain-Clean," *. e. the retreat of Clean. There was a St. Olcan, a disciple of the apostle of Ireland, wiio became a bishop and was placed at liathinuiglio, county Antrim. The Clean of Kilmore-nioyle is a dif ferent person from the bishop of Tlutlmiuighe. St. Tutrick baptized the prince of thia place and hia people in tuo 574 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OP IBELAIfD. well, wliich is contiguous to this church, an.l which is dedicuted to St. Patrick. Of the antiquity of this church there can be no doubt. It must have gotten its modem name from him, who perhaps reconstructed it. The churches of Ireland have generally been called after the priest or bishop, who founded them; sekl m after the prince or laic, who might have contributed towards the pious work. Many of the nunneries are also called after the holy foundresses. Killmore-movle means the great church of Moyle. Mil or Moyle was one of the leaders of the Firbolgs, who settled in the West of Ireland, about the first century of ChrLstiiuiity. St. Kellach is distinctly called bisiiop of liihnoio-niovle. Killala, an ancient town and formerly the residence of the Catholic bishop. See Moyne, in this county. The episcopal palace is now a house for paupers, under the system of public relief, which the English government have substituted, instead ol the more evangelical provision, which the monastic establisliments supplied without an odious infliction on the public pur^e. As Pailia- ment in its omnipotence . an make and unmake bishops, there is no episcopal pretender to dispute the succession to the chair of Mnredach with the rightful heir of the apostles. The last Protestant bishop, who IS saii to have been a silversmith, repaired before his death a breach in the round tower, which was eflected by lightning, Amlave, prince of Tyrawley, having retired from the world, built a cell in this place, which soon gave origin, as in many other places, to the town ; and probably this circumstance induced Muredach to flx his seo hero. At the top of the round tower is a beam, which evidently sup- ported a bell. It 18 one of the most perfect in Ireland ; is built in the usual form, with a plinth at its base, and tapering until it attains the elevation for its crown or apex, finished in a point. It has been put together in the most solid and compact manner. At the top some of the stones project in consequence of having been displaced by the shock which it sustained from the lightning. Its erection is attributed to a celebrated architect Gobhan-Saer, who it appeai-8, flourished early in the 7th century. It was proi.hetically said, in the ancient life of St. Abbhan, that the fame of St. Gobl.an, as a builder in wood as well as in stone, would exist in Irelanu to the end of time. In the life of St. Moling, there is mention made of a wooden build- ing, which Qobhan constnicled, "Gobbhan laid hold of it by both post and ridge, so that ho turned the duirtoach (house of oak) upside down, and not a planhof it started from its place, nor did a joint of any of t!ie boards move fnim the other." The round towers of Kiliiiacduagh and Antrim also were, it is recorded by tradition, built by this eminent man. The ago assigned to Kilmacduagh is (120, and it is also remark- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEY OF IKELAND. 676 able, tliat it is affirmed among the natives of Ireland, who speak only the Irish language, that he never visited or was employed in buildings Bouth-west of Galway or of Tipperary. It is probable, that Gobbhan was born at Turvy on the northern coast of the county of Dublin, which, it is stated, took its name from his father, as being his property, dnd which, as he was not a person of Milesian extraction, he might have received as a reward for his mechanical skill. The erection of the church of Kilinacduagh is also ascribed to the Gobbh' i saer. The masonry of the church bears a perfect similarity witli that of the tower, which indicates that those buildings were con- temporaneous. Tlie church of Kilmacduagh was built about the year CIO, by the kinsman of St. Colman, Guaire Aidhne, king of Connaught, the time in which Gobbhan flourished. Xear Killala is the ruin, or at present the foundation of a church whicii he is said to have built, and which is called KiUgobbin. It is situated in the townland of Cartoon, the property of John Knox, ot Castlerea, and a few yards from the main road. In the half barony of Rathdown, county of Dublin, about six miles from the city, is a village called KiUgobbin. A castle, not remarkable for its strength or solidity, has been erected there, it seems, as a place ol defence against the incursions of the Irish clans, who inhabited the mountains of Wicklow. It also appears, that the cave in which the wife of this famous architect was buried, was searched by the Danes for plunder, A D. 802. Tlie people still have it by tradition that the Danes ravaged Killala, but the precise time they cannot tell. See Mayo. Killnagarvan, in the barony of Gallon, six miles north of Foxford. St. Fechin, of Ballysadaro, is said to have been the founder. Lani gan would rather ascribe it to the pei-son whose name it bears. Kill-patrick, or Dnnpatrick, in the barony of Tyrawlcy, and parish of Dunfeeny. A church which St. Patrick erected when the Pagan altars there were overtlirown. See his proceedings, ifcc, page 257. ^ Tlierc is at this church a singula! isolated rock, on which are the ruins of an ancien„ Pagan Dun, or fortress. It is of equal height with tlie ocean cliff of the main-land, and distant from it about three hundred feet; it is of a triangular figure, and terminates in the shape of a cone, from a 1 ...d base to a top, the surface of which is apparently about, sixty yards in circumference. There is in the main-land precipice an angular indenture, and an angular pronn'nence corresponding with it iu the InEulated rock. Tlie ])roinineMco and indcntnro of the fracture, as Moll as the colour and quality of the rock, and the cliff, seem to corre- Kpond. 576 ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOR\ OF IRELAND. In approaching this point, one passes within a qrm ter of a mile of the extremity of it, over an arch, formed by the working of the water, or enlarged tliereby, a hundred and fifty feet broad and a hundred high, through which the water of the ocean rolls with tremendous fury, when in tlie least agitated, and which is visible through an aperture on the top of the arch, twenty feet in diameter. The insulated rock is called Dunbristo, i. e. the broken fort. One of the apertures, the larger one, is called PoU-na-shan-tine, " the pool of the ancient lire." See life a St. Patrick. At the foot of this neck of land is a well, dedicated to St. Pati-ick. It has been a penitential station to which the people repaired on the first Sunday of harvest, to celebrate the extraordinary miracles which the apostle is said to have performed, when his preaching was resisted by the votaries of the ancient superstition. Killbride, in the same parish. A church called after St. Brigid. She is said to have visited Killala, and to have blessed the port thereof, as well as St. Patrick, St. Colunibkille, St. Cannech of Kil- kenny, and St. Muredach, the patron saint of the diocese. It is within a mile of the church of St. Patrick. Killiney, in the same parish. Not a vestige of the monastery re- mains. An inquisition taken in the twenty-seventh of Queen Elizabeth, the Franciscan friary o^' Xilliney M'as seized of one quarter of land, and tithes of tlie same, valued at 13s. 4d. annually. It is at present in tho possession of an Ormsby. This abbey was beautifully situated in the picturesque valley of the Laggan, and sufHciently elevated to command a view of the Atlantic and Dunpatrick. Killfian, in the barony of Tyrawley and parish of the same name. This church was either founded by, or dedicated to St. Libana, who was celebrated in Ulster, and whose festival occurs on the 18th of Decem- ber. She was of princely extraction, and had St. Comgall, of Bangor, as lier director. This house existed only a short time. Killyn, in the barony of Tyrawley. This abbey was seized of the church of Attimas, and a quarter of land called Dromskowlogue and Carrnwnecargy, with tho tithes of tlio same. Tliere is a Killyn in the parish of Crossmolina, which now belongs to Lewis O'Donnell, who also holds the " Tornion-Tiarnan of Errew, in the same parish. Liacnamanagh, in the barony of Tyrav\-ley, and adjacent to the mo- nastery of Kilimoremoyle. Archdall makes it a monastery, but it seems that he is mistaken. Some monks took possession of tin's spot and made it part of their estate; thev v/ere 'imb.-il!]" thone o*' I*''i!h"~Fe- raoyle. St. Patrick is stated to have made a convert of Eochad, son of ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 677 the former monarch Dathy, at this rock. I lately examined it, withonl finding any vestiges of an ancient bnilding or church ; it was one o those circular fortresses so common in Ireland, with a large rock in the centre, having a cross inscribed ; it is now a cemetery for the Catholic poi)ulation. Liacnamanagh signifies the " rock of the monks," Louglicon. Island-Ghxsse. An ancient church has been erected in this island, it is now called Killbelfad, and the parish takes its name also from it. Tradition has not preserved the name of the founder ; all that is retaii)cd of his memory k,, that be was distinguished as a preacher. In this island the clergy had a safe retreat, when hunted by the Crom- wellians. Ballina was formerly known by the adjunct " glasse," and in Tire- ragh is an ancient church called " Killghiss." It is probable tliat those churches were dedicated to St. Aidus, surnamed " Glasse," who was a descendant of tlie southern Ily Fiachra, and brother to St. Faila, of Ivilltaine, in the diocese of Killmacduach. Tliere were two branclies of this family, one in the north and the other in the south of Connuught. Tlie family of O'Dowda, which belongs to the northern branch, and to which all this territory was subject, may have erected them in honor of this saint, who was their relative. And at Killglass stood also a castle, which was erected by a member of that family, quite contiguous to the church, but not a vestige of his residence remains. See^Kill- faill, county of Galway. St. Fimian, of Killfinan, is said to have been abbot of Rathene, in Tirconnell, where also the memory of Aidus- Glasse is revered on the 16th of February. Kilroe, in the barony of Tyrawley and parish of Killala. The ruins of an ancient church, built in the rude or Cyclopean sty'-. Around it are heaps of stone. This church was built by St. Patr'i , over which he placed Mac Erca, of Tireragh, as pastor. Mac Erca is the patron of the parish. It was not, it appears, a monastery in the time of St. Patrick, as Archdall asserts ; the ruins or heaps of stone shew that there were other buildhigs besides the church. It is likely, that the lirst church of Kil- roe, like its neighbor of Donnuiclimore, was made of earth. If it ever was a monastery, it was not of long duration. Mayo, of the Saxons, which gives name to the county, and is situated on a river, which falls into Lough Carra. Tliis moniJtery of the Eng- lish was built by St. Colman, bishop of Lindisfarne, who, on having re- signed tliat see, founded the monastery of Bophin-islaiul, and soon after erected the great abbey of Mayo for his Englisli adherents. See Bopliin- island. " This monastery," says Bede, " is still possessed by English resi- dents. For it is that, which having become a large one is usually called 8T . i ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0KV OF IRELAND. ♦ Muigh-eo,' and better regulations liaving been received there, contains a distingui«Iied congregation of monks, wJio being collected from Eng- land, live by their own labor in great strictness and purity under a canonical rule and an abbot." In the latter end of the 7th century, Alfred, an Anglo-Saxon prince, son of Oswy, king of Nortlmmbria, and who afterwards succeeded to the throne, having been exiled from his native soil, rei>aired to Ireland an-d, according to Bede, studied many years in its seminaries, particu- larly m Mayo. Having travelled over all parts of Ireland, he composed a poem under the name, "Flan Fin" on Ireland, consisting of ninety- SIX verses, from which are taken the following passages : " I found in Connaught, famed for justice, Affluence, milk in abundance, Hospitality, lasting vigor, fame, In this territory of Cruachan of heroes." «' I found in Armagh the splendid, Meekness, wisdom, circumspection, Abstinence in obedience to the Son of God, Noble, prosperous, learned sages." " I found in the country of Conall, Br..ve victorious heroes. Valiant men of fair complexion. The exalted stars of Erin." " I found in the province of Ulster, Long blooming beauty, hereditary vigor, Young scions of energy. Though fair, yet fit for war, and brave." A.D. 726, died the bishop §t. Muredach, son of Indrect, who is sap. posed to have been one of the Indreds, kings of Connaught. Accordin-r to some writei-s, he survived St. Gerr' Englishman, who was abbol of Mayo, :ind who died, A.D. 732, r. the 13th of March. St Gerald is said to have, on his arrival in Ireland, and before he waa elected abbot of Mayo, presided over some monks at Elitheria, which was probably a cell belonging to the abbey of Mayo. Elitheria signifies the cell or liouse of the pilgrims (called Tempuil Gerailt). Mochonna of Mayo died the 2rth of March. The year of his demise is uncertain A.D. 768, died the bishop St. Aidan. A.D. 778, the abbey was destroyed by lightning. A.D. 818, Turgesius, the Danish tyrant, in contempt of God and of the saints, burned mid destroyed this abbey. A.D. 908, the abbey was consumed by lire. A.D. 1204, William Bourke, sacrilegiously plundered the abbey. ECCLE8IABTICAL IIISTOBY OF IRELAOT). 679 A.D. 1209, died the bishop O'Duibthaigh. A.D. 1380, it was enacted, that no inere Irishman ghould make his profession here; and even to this day, some good Engh'sh priests would draw a partition in their churches between their English and Irish congregations. A.D. 14T8, died the bishop O'lliginus. AD. 1578, Patrick O'Hely, the bisxop of Mayo, suffered martyrdom, together with his companion, Cornelius O'Rourke. Eugenius MacBrehoun was the last bishop of Mayo. This monastery, with its site, containing half an acre, whereon was a hal , cloister, six chambers, a small cemetery, and three small gardens, with lour acres of land adjoining the said site, eighty acres of arable and one hundred and twenty of pasture in Kilticollo, two cotta-es and iorty acres of underwood in Ilayne, and one hundred acres of land iu Portagh, together with the rectories, churches, cfec. of Ilayne and Robin (in MacWilliam Bourke's country), and of Killcollman and Kilticollo all in this county, parcel of the temporal lands and spiritualities of the said monastery, and the tithes thereunto belonging, together with the monasteries of the Holy Trinity in the town of Tuam ; Killbrenan Craighbane and Teagh saxon, in the county of Galway, and a parcel of the possessions of the abbey of Cong, were granted, in the twentieth of queen Elizabeth, to the burgesses and commonalty of the town of Gal- way and their successors, iu free eoccage, at the aimual rent of £26 128 Irish money. Nunnery, said to have been here, and governed by St. Segretia, who died of the plague with one hundred of her nuns, in the year 664: Said to l.o.- i,,en sister to St. Gerald, who died, A.D. 732. This could not be reconciled with her death iu 6^i, and the fact of her being then an abbess. The monastery of Boplnn was founded in 667, and consequent- ly there could not have been a nunnery there at the time ponmach-Keine, now unknown, belonged to St. Segretia, who is marked m the Calendars on tiie 18th of December. The fact of her having d.eu of the plague with her nuns may be true, but it is plain, that this melancholy event did not happen in Mayo Mons pietatis. De Burgo, of Ossory, mentions a Franciscan house of this name in the county of Mayo. Nothing more of it is known. Morrisk, on the bay of Westport, and situated at the foot of the mountain Cruach-phadruig. Tlie O'Mallies, lords of the country 10Und«(l tills innnqQtn..-.r ft,- T7-„^;i__ .i>n, . . •' ♦ " " ^'3 ■"' ^'cmucs ui ot. iuigustine. At the general suppression, these Eremites were seized of one nuar- ter ot land, and the tithes of the same, valued annually at 13s. 4d ster- ling. Large ruins of it ai-e still left. 580 ECCLE8IAP"ICAL HISTOBT OF TSELixSD. mil John Garvey is the present holder of this monastery and its poases- sions. Moyne, in the barony of Tyrawley, parish of Killala, and on tho riv,^. Moy. A singular tradition is preserved concerning tliis abbey. Tlie founder was about erecting it at Rappagh, when a dove came, and by its movements attracted attention. It is said that the bird continued moving, until it reached rtie present si^f of the abbey, and then marked its foundations on the dew with its \,ings. A shower of snow in tlie summer marked out the site of a church at Ronie, called the church of St. Mary ad Nives or St. Mary Major, an event which is commemorated on the 5th of August. Tlie castles of Ardnaree, Castlelacken, l^ewtown, or Deelcastle, Castlc-Cloghans, Roppagh, Rathroe, Inniscoe, Carukill, Ballintubber, and Belleck belonged to the Bourkes. They also had castles in the Laggan of Tyrawley. The Barretts had their fortresses in Ballysakery and Crossmolina, and in Backs. Meehck at Killala and Castlerea, west of the town, belonged to the Walshes. The Lynots had their castles about Ardagh and Moygawnagli. If the tradition of the country be correct, we may suppose that Rap- pagh was the residence of the MacWilliam. Some assert, tliat this abbey was founded in 1440 ; others say, tliat it was erected in 1460. If the first year be the true one, it was founded by Edmund MacWilliam Bourke, who succeeded in that year to the dignity of the " MacWil- liam." If 1460 be the date of its erection, Moyne was founded by Tliomas, junior, who succeeded to the title in the year 1458. Xehemias O'Donoghue, provincial of the strict observants, coun- selled the erection of Moyne abbey. See Rosserk. Provincial chaptere of the order were held hero in the years 1464, 1498, 1512, 1541, and 1550. Tiie abbey is still almost perfect, except the roof and some buildinga- on the north side, which were taken down about 1750, by the then pro- prietor Knox, to furnish materials f(5r a dwelling-house, which was erected nearly on the site of the old walls and almost adjoining the great r'lu ch. The church is 135 feet long by 20 broad towards the east ; from the west door to tho tower, the breadth varies from 40 to 50 feet ; on the broadest space is a gible with a pointed window of stone, and of fine workmanship. To the eastern wall of this portion of the building were two altars, having a piscina to each ; between the altai-s there is an arched recess, which would seem to have been a place of safety for the sacred utensils of the aitai's. Enit- ring the west door, whicii iias been mutilated, in 1798, by some ITessiji defenders of the British tlirone, a lateral aisle opens to the view the Icautiful eastern window through the ! possesi- on the abbey, lie, and ntinued marked in the lurch of riorated il castle, tubber, in the ^'sakery stlerea, d their it Eap- >at this (JO. If I'^iUiara acWil- led by , coun- ? 1464, ildinga en pro- ;h was e great om the on the of fine s were is an br the 3 been rone, a gh the ECCLE8USTICAL UISTOBY OF lEKLAND. 581 S w h ^ s Hi r arch of the tower. On the right of the aisle is a range of arches corre- sponding vvitli the height of that of clie tower, done in hewn stone ; the arches, which are hoxagonal and turned on consoles, support the tower, •which is nearly in tiie centre of the clun-ch, and ahout 100 feet in heiglit. The ascent to the sununit of the tower is hy a helix of 101 steps, and well repays hini who mounts it, as the scenery around is of unsurpassable beauty. The monastic, buildings are ii>^t tottering to destruction. lu the centre of the monastic buildings is a square or arcade built on plain I)illar8 in couplets. Tlio tower and cliurch are in perfect preservation. The tower is a remarkable one not forming a square. Its ascent is ot superior workmanship, and more convenient than that of the tower of the Minster at York. Tlie abbey was surrounded with a very strong wall. Under the clois- ter was a fountain, which 8U]>plied it with water. Its situation is low, almost on the b; iks of the Mr.y. In the month of June, thirty-seventh of Queen Elizabeth, a grant was made to Edmund Barrett of this abbey and its possessions, containing an orchard and four acix's of i)asture, together with the tithes and other appurtetuuices, to hold the same for ever by fealty at the annual rent of Cs. Elizabetli's patent did not hold for ever; her patentee made way for tlie drummers and bandmen and usurers of Cromwell's puritan army. The blood of John O'Dowda, the John Nepomuccne of Ireland, was shed at Moyne, about the 'year 1579. The gore of the martyred priests of the diocese is still to be seen in the apartments of the castle of Kil- lala. A bishop Walsh //( jKiriibufi 'iiiJidiUum lost his life in the castlo of Meelick, near Killala, which was the last to surrender to CroniweH's forces, having been battered from an adjacent height by a party of soldiers iVom the garrison of Athlone. Anotiier bishop, Mac Doiiagh, was slain in Tireragh, who was not attached to any particular place, as his follow martyr. It stems tluit in the height of the persecution under Elizabeth, the holy see deemed it advisable to send such bishops, who were not known to the persecutoi-a, and who could, tii- >•( fuiv, with more pei-soiuil safety, travel over the (•ou:;{ry, continuing the people aiul exhorting them to j)erseveranco iu their holy faith. A simihi' practice t'xisted in Homo, during the pei-so- cutions, 80 that in the event of the pontiff being put to death, a bishop was -It hand ,o succeed, and keep up the succession, without its being interrupted. Tlie romuins of bishop Mac Donagh have boon interred at Proiiuird, (c-uiify SHgn.) T'lo first granteo of Moync^ abbey wont to destruction. Tlio .joxt pf)ssess(.r8 of tlio abboy were the family of Lindsay, who blow up tho roof of tho buildings with gunpowtler, nnd to whom tlio last i)rior of 582 ECCLESIASTIO^U, III3T0RV OF IRKLAND. Moyne, Catlial dubv O'Dowda (Cliarles tlie black), gave his curse, ■W'hen setting out for the Continent. I have a copy of the curse which he pronounced, in tlie Irish language ; in it allusion is made to the bell of the abbey, which the Lindsays sold, it is said, for £700, which was an enormous sum for such an article. Having been a present to the abbey from the Queen of Spain, it is then no wonder that its material was so valuable. In it, also, allusion is made to hia sons and to his pos terity. They certainly have all disappeared ; nor is there a Lindsay in the barony at present ; even the monumental slab of the family at Kil- moremoyle has fallen from its jjosition, ami lies unnoticed in the earth — the inscription being worn off. This family has been signally punished, and their property at present is in the hands of Colonel Gore. A Lind- say never set foot on the abbey lands without meeting with some mis- fortune. How truly applicable are the words of David, in the 36th Psalm :— "I have seen the wicked highly exalted and lifted up, like the cedars of Lebanon. And I passed by, and lo, he was not : and I sought him, and his place was not found." Tlie next possessoi-s were the Knoxis, who were in the habit of pol- luting the altars. They, too, have felt that there is " a God in Israel." The last inheritor, struck with the awful punishments of the family, be- came a Catholic, and is buried in the centre of the arcade. In conse- quence of litigation, which ensued after his death, tlie" property was sold, and purchased by Cliarlos Kirkwood, of Bertra, who is, during the last three years, contined in a luiuitic asylum of the metropolis. It 18 but justice to add, that the Knoxes of Tyrawley were never ar- rayed as pei-secutora of the ancient faith. They had the good sense to enjoy their estates without such an idious distinction. A prince of Spain, who was of the strict observance, and who at- tended one of the chapters held in the abbey of Moyne, is buried near the eastern window. Odbhacheara, in Tart rigia, the nortli of tlie barony of Killmaine. The saints Liban and Fortchern ore said to have belonged to this cluircii. They are mjted in the Irish annals as the smiths of St. Patricic. IJathbran, in the barony of Tyrawley, parish of Killala, and on the banks of tlie river Avonmore. A Dominican al>bey, founded by the .lorduns, in the year V2~i ; otlieix say that Sir William Hmke, the grey, and fur !pea.-s, that the prior of Urlare was seized of the site, d'c, and of twelve acres of land with the tithes thereof, and again in KJIO, the prior wa^ also found to po(«es8 twenty-four acres of land in I5allyhimne3. On the dissolution of nunasteries, it was-^ granted to lord Dillon Wlioso n-prescntative, in 1756, professed the Catholic religion. This monastery has given martyre to the Irish churcbr A.D. 1054, a chaj.ter was held in this convent. ECCLK8IASTICAL HISTORY OF njELAND. 687 A.D. 1756, there were six friars living there : Andrew Duify, pi .or, Hugh Morilly, sub-prior, Tliomas Philips, John MacDonnell, James Ile^'nes, and Doniinick Mac Jordan. CHAPTER LVI. COUNTY OF MEATH. Akdhreccan, " the liigh place of Breccan," in the barony of Navan, and witliin two miles of that town. St. Breccan was the brother of St. Carnech, of Clonleigh. See wliieli, in county Donegal. Ardbrcccan was a see of which this yaint was bishop. According to Ware, Brccan was alive in 650. Tlie death of his brother Carnech, ac- cording to Colgan, occurred about the year 530. These dates wo\dd at least give Breccan an age of 120 years in the sujiposition of his birth in tlie lifetime of the abbot of Clonleigh. Either Ware is wrong in assign- ing that year to his death, or wq must suppose, that Breccan was born long ai'tcr the decease of his brother. The feast of St. Breccaa is marked at the 16th of July. He is also one of the four prophets of Ireland. One of his p-redictions has been fulfilled centuries after it was de- livered. Among the natives of Ireland, who were much given to nar- ratives of this sort, are recorded numy predictions, which have been ful- iilled long since in the unfortunate history of Irish oppression, and to which they still cling wiih conlidence, as they give a hope of its future dclivoranco from the yoke of England ; one of which still adhered to is, that tlie liberation of our isle of saints aiul sages, of the bravo and the beautiful, will bo accomplished by the descendants of her own sons in this laiul of freedom and happiness. As the prediction of Breccan has bi'iMi f!!l[l!U*(l li!!ii? H!!ico, niav the luttor o!io be soon rofiH^ed, if it bo. so ordained in tiio councils of Heaven. Of Breccan's projihecy the words arc subjoined in Irish, but iu common characters, as the Celtic ouos could not be printed. 5S8 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEY OF IRELAND. " Tigfaid geinti tar muir mean, Measgfaid air fearaibh Eireann Budh uathaibh ah air gach cill Budh uathaibh Ri fear Erinn," The following lines are the translation of those prophetic words «' Erin's white crested billow shall sleep on the shore, And its voice shall be niute, while the upoilcrs glide o'er, And the strangers shall give a new priest to each shrine, And the sceptre shall wrest from her own regal line." Tlie prophecy of Breccan has been verified, and English heresy has given to the shrines of Irish saints " Ministers " who banished God's priests and, laughed his religion to scorn. A.D. 657, and on the 4th of September, died St. Ultan, bishop of Ardbreccan. He is surnamed Ilua Conchovar (O'Connor), and is said to have been related to St. Brigid by her mother's side, and is supposed the founder of this see instead of his predecessor. He wrote a life of St. Tatrick and also a treatise concerning the transactions of St. Brigid. A hynm is attributed to him which he wrote in Latin, and in praise of the sainted abbess of Kildare. Nennidhe Lanihghm is mentioned too as the author of that hymn. This St. Nennidho, called the clean-hnrded, is different from another of the name, and suniiimed Laomh-dea.^, abbot and bishop of Inis- niuighe-samh, county Fermanagli, who was highly respected, and is reckoned among the chief Ibundei-s of the Irish monasteries. The clean- handed was a student at Kildare, when St. Brigid, happening to be with some of her nuns not far from the moiuistcry, saw him running very fast, and in an unbecoming maimer. She sent for him, and, on his coming up, appearing somewhat abashed at the message of the saint, asked him whither he was running in such haste, he replied, as if ii! jest, that he was running to the kingdom of heaven. " I wish," said Brigid, " that I deserved to run along with you to day to that kin^^dom ; pray for me that I may arrive there." Affected I)y the observation of the holy abbess, ho requested, that she would offer up her prayers for his pursuing a steady coui-se towards heaven. She then prayed for him, and the Almighty was pleased to touch his heart, so that he did penance,' and ever after led a most religious life. She next foretold him, that ho ■was the person from whose hand in due time she would receive the holy viaticum on the day of her death. Nennidho went afterwards to Britain, V/heru he ruinalned until near the time that St. Brigid died. From the care he took in keeping clean the hand that was to administer the viati. cum to the patroness of Ireland, he got his surname. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 589 Tirechan, a disciple of St. Ultan, who wrote tbe acts of St. Patrick, was tlie immediate successor of tiiis "saint. A.D. 731, died the abbot Daniel Mac Cobnan. -S J). 760, died tbe abbot St. Tola. A.i). 779, died St. Algnied, bishop of Ardbreccan. His festival is marked in some calendars at the 8tli of March. A.D. 886, Ardbreccan was laid waste by the Danes. A.D. 992; they repeated their ravages. A.D. 1014:, died Dublislaine, a priest of this abbey, and prime an- chorite of all Ireland. A.D. 1031, Sitric, of Dublin, with his Danes, plundered and burned the abbey ; carried off upwards of two hundred prisoners, as many more having perished in the flame;. A.D. 1055, died Moelbrigidhe, a professor of this abbey. A.D. 1136, Dermot Mac Murrough, king of Leinstcr, burned this abbey. A.D. 1166, Moriertach, king of Ireland, granted a parcel of land to this abbey in perpetuity, at the yearly rent of three ounces of gold. A.D. 1170, the steeple of this abbey fell. Tlie memory of St. Breccan is revered in the island of Aran, where a churcli is dedicated to his name. His tomb having been opened to receive the body of a Catholic clergyman, who desired to be buried tlierein, a slab was found, with an inscription in contracted Irish letters, requesting a prayer for Brecan, the pilgrim. See Aran, county of Gal way. In Brechin, now the county of Angus, in Scotland, is a round tower, the door of which has the figure of our Saviour on the cross, which surmounts the entrance, with two images or statues towards the middle, and which clearly shew it to have been the work of a Christian archi- tect. Sir Walter Scott observes, in his Review of Ritson's Annals of the Caledonians, that the round towere of Abernethy and Brechin were built after the introduction of Cliristianity (of which there can be no doubt, as the figure of the crucifixion indicates), and adds, in all proba- bility, by or under tlie direction of Irish monks, who brought Christi- anity into Scotland. See Doinnach-more, in this county. Ardcath, in the barony of Duleek, was not a monastery. In this parish church was founded a perpetual chantry, with a priest to cele- brate constantly divine service. ArdinulcliiUi-. u\ the baroiiy of Pulock, and situated near Pninstown^ Another chantry, endowed as well as the former, with appurtenance'^, which was contrary to the statute. Ardsaiiech, " liill of the sallows," in the barony of Navan, and on I . I l. 690 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IKELAND. the river Boyne Tlie name of the illustrious St. Finnian, of Clonard is connected with this place. * ' Ardshme, near Slane, a monastery of wliich St. Mochua was abbot Athboy, in the barony of Lune, six miles north-west of Trim. A market and borough town, which sent two members to the Irish parlia- ment before its extinction by the British government. A.D. 1317, the 17th of October, a licence was granted to "William de Loundres, permitting him to make a donation to tlie friars of tlie blessed Virgin of Mount Carmel, in Athboy, of a lot of ground in the said town, whereon this monastery stood. A.D. 1325, a provincial chapter of the order was held before John Bloxham, vicar general of the institute in Ireland. A.D. 1372, The friars were indicted for acquiring two gardens, con- trary to the statute. A.D. 1467, another chapter Avas held. April 31st, and of Henry VIII. the thirty-first, the prior of Athboy was iound seized of a church and a belfry, a cloister, a stone tower, a mansion, a small orchard, and six small gardens, all witlu'n the precincts and ot the annual value, besides reprises, of 2s. ; also eight messua-es value 24s. The monastery, with these and other appurtenances, was granted for ever to Thomas Casey, in capite, at the annual rent of 2s Irish. Ballybogan, De laude Dei, in the barony of Moysinrath, and on the river Boyne. Jordan Comin founded this priory for Augustinians, in the twelfth century, under the invocation of the Holy Trinity. A.D. 1440, The priory was consumed by fire. A.D. 1447, the prior of this housa died of the plague. A.D. 1537, Thomas Bermingham was the last prior. A considerable number of the ancient monasteries of the kingdom, about the period of the foundation of Ballybogan, adopted the rule of the cano.is regular of St. Augustine, and were much dittused over Ireland, before the'' begin- ning of the thirteenth century. " This establisliment was surrendered in tlie nineteenth of Henry VIII., when its possessions were found to consist of five thousand two hundred acres of arable land, in various places. This pnory, with various parcels of its property, was granted to Sir William Bermingham at an annual rent of £4 3s. 4d. ' Tliiswas an excellent mode of making good, sound Protestants - stem and uncompromising defenders of British rule and Protestant 'as- cendancy in unfortunate Ireland. However this be, the savn-rn twannv of the English government in subjugating the oppressed Ctitholics o> Ireland, lias cost that proud nation millions of treasure ; and Elizabeth with all her resources, could not subdue two provinces, Ulster and Coii' ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 191 naught, until tlie government of her deputy, Moimtjoy, perceived, as well as carried out a short method of doing so, by burning and destroy- ing the crops of the Irish. A.D. 1538, this year a crucifix, wliich was held in, great veneration, was publicly burned. A.D. 1850, in the month of November, and in the metropolis ot England, the holy and immaculate Virgin mother of the Saviour, who died on the wood of the cross for the redemption of mankind, was in- sulted by the burning of her efligy, in the streets of London. In the pride and in the enjoyment of that evangelical liberty, which the doctrine of the " private spirit " confera on every dissenter from the Catholic church, and which, it seems, prompts him to heap indignity on every thing which the church of God deems worthy of veneration, let England boast of her especial enlightenment in this respect. To the humble Catholic and the sincere disciple of Christ crucified, tbe cross, which the book of wisdom calls the " wood of contempt," is his greatest glory. To him it is a consolation to venerate the sacred em- blem, at which the scofi'ers sneer, because his Saviour expired on that instrument of ignominy,— because St. Peter, the prince of the apostles chose a similar but an humbler mode of laying down his life on the cross, his head having been towards the earth,— because St. Andrew, the apostle, when sentenced by the prefect JEgeas, to undergo a death similar also to that of his Redeemer, exclaimed, on seeing that cross, on which he was to suflier : " O good cross, which received bounty from the members of my Lord,— long desired by me— ardently loved— con- stantly sought— and at length, according to my earnest desire, prepared, —accept me from men, and restore me to my Master, that he who haa redeemed me, through thee, may receive me." This apostolic predilection for this wood of contempt, is to us, Ca- tholics, the more valuable, as the sneer of the sectarian may be the more insulting. As to thee, O Mary, be it ours to exalt you, while a vile rabble ottei-s an indignity to your Son, in the pei-son of his sacred mother. You, whom all nations call " blessed "—the elect of the eternal Father, and the spouse of the Holy Gliost. Who bore your divine Son— nursed him in his infancy— endured, with him, the poverty of the stable, the cold of the winter blast while travelling to Egypt, watched over his pro- gress in years aid in wisdom, ndniinistored to his wants. You, through whom that divine Son performed his first miracle at the marriage feast ; and finally, you, who bore his sorrows on the cross, and whoso heart was pierced with the sword of grief, while he was expiating the crimes of sinful man, and efi'octing a reconciliation between the Creator a id his rebellious crcatiu-es ; "ud you, whose province it is to destroy 592 ECCLESIASTICAL IIISTORT OF niELAND, ■prfs heresy ; arid tliongh the delcide Jews were inflicting the cruellest tor- tures on " the Word made flesh," aided by a Pagan soldiery, still they respected the sufferings of his holy mother. Beamore, in the harony of Diileek, and about two miles south of Drogheda. Here are some remains of an ancient building, which, tra- dition informs us, was a p' ocoj^tory belonging to Kilmainham. Beaubec, in the same directfon as Beamore from Drogheda. In the reign of King John, Walter do Lacie, lord of Meath, did grant to the church of St. JIavy and St. Lawrence of Beaubec, all his land situate in Killokcran, together with tlie liberty of keeping a boat free of toll. A.D. 1332, King Edward I. granted a license to the abbot of Beaubec, in Normandy, to assign to the abbot of Furnes, the manor of Beaubec, near Drogheda, together with three messuages, sixty acres and a half of land, and fifty-seven shillings and nine pence, annual rent, arising from Marinston, Eenneles, and the town of Drogheda, on both sides of the river ; also a fishery in the Boyne ; saving, however, to the lords of the fee, their proper services. A.D. 1348, King Edward, in a charter, dated May 4th, recites and repeats the grant of Walter de Lacie, and farther says, that King Henry IIL had confirmed the same, and that the abbot of Beaubec, of the Cistercian order, had afterwards, with the king's license, granted the aforesaid manor of Beaubec, to the abbot of Furnes. Bectiff, in the barony of Navan, and on the river Boyne. Murchard O'Melaghlin, king of Meath, founded the Cistercian abbey of Bectiff, in the year 1146, under tlie invocation of the Virgin Mary. The reader cannot but observe, that a large number, if not the greater part of the L-ish monasteries, was dedicated to the Mother of God. Always devotion to the Virgin Afary has been practised in Ire- land. The poor reaper of Ireland, on his autumnal pilgrimage to England, to earn a few pounds wlierewith to pay the Irish landlord a portion of his rack-rent, implored Mary, the star of the sea, to protect " her dear Irish boy, wherever he roamed ;" confident of lier protection the Irish emigrant betakes himself to the waters of the mighty Atlantic, and when the winds of heaven agitato the vast deep, threatening with destruction the bark, to whose temporary keeping English rufe and landlo-d oppression, worse than Egyptian bondage, liave consigned him, the Irish Catholic, no other hope beii.j^ left, entreats Mary to suppli- cate her Son, wliom the seas and winds obey, in his behalf. Tlie abbey of Bectiff was called de Beatitudlne. A.D. 1340, John was abbot. A.D. 1488, the abbot James, of Castlemartin, received the king'a pardon for the part he had taken in the aflfair of Lambert Simnell. July the 31st, and thirty-fourth of Henry VIIL, the abbot surren- ECCLESIASTICAL Hlo^OEY OF IBELAND. 693 dered, according to the acceptation of tho word in tlie English uee, it means forced to surrender, the possessions of thi* abbey, amounting to twenty messuages and one thousand two Imndred acres of arable and pasture land, in the county of Moath, bocamd involved in the general confiscatioa ; and yet as the ^oyal plunderer progressed in his sacrilegious career, new wants arose, seemingly as cruel and as tyrannic as his thii-st for the blood of his faithless wives. Tlie abbot of Bective sat as a baron in parliament. Large ruins of Bectiff abbey still remain. The cloisters and tower are almost entiro. Caillefochlada. A.D. 869, Curoius, the abbot died. This house was situated in the ancient territory of Moath. It is now lost in oblivion. Calliaghtown, in the barony of Duleek. Of this cell there are now no remains. It was dependent on the nunnciy of St. Brigid, of Odder. It was supposed to stand near the well of Shallon, which was dedicated to St. Columbkille. Clonard, in the barony of Moyscnrath, and is near the Boyne. St. Finnian, the founder of Clonard. Tliis celebrated school of Clonard • sent forth into the vineyard of the Lord hosts of learned men, while its missionaries were not only tho ornaments of their own country, but also the luminaries of foreign and distant lu-ds. See Clonard, diocese of Meath. A.D. 838, Tl-Q ^ vnes destroyed the abbey, and put the clergy to the sword. A.I). 939, again plundered by the Danes, under Ceallaehan, kin<» of Cashell. ° A.D. 940, died St. Moel Mochta, lecturer of divinity, and the head of religion and learning in Ii-eland. A.D. did, King Congalagh granted to this abbey a perpetual free- dom from cess, press, or other charge tliereon. A.D. 9ul, died Angal, a professor of this abbey. A.D. 1135, Connor, king of Munster, spMhd Meath, and forcibly carried off the riches of the whole province, which wore laid in this church for safety. A.D. 1130, tho inluibitants of Breffney sacked Clonard, and behaved in so shameless a manner as to stri]^ O'Daly, then chief poet of Ireland, even naked, and leave him «o ; and amongst other outrages they took from the vestry the sword of St. Finnian, the founder. A.D. 1114, died Giolla Patrick, priest and principal of the schools of Clonard, a learned doctor, and universally estoemed for his un- bounded benevolence and amiable disposition. A.D. 1170, Dermod MacMurrogh, with his English hirelings, plun- 88 591 EOOLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. if The inhabitants afterwards rebuilt the dered and burned Clonard. town and abbej'. A.D. 1175, they repeated their ravages. About this time, Walter, son of Hugh de Lacie, erected the monas- tery of Clonard for regular canon* of St. Augustine. A.D. 1538, Gerald Walshe was abbot. Gerald died in 1540. At the period of tlie general suppression of religious houses in Ire- land, Clonard monastery was found to possess IGO messuages, witli their gardens ; 912 acres of arable land ; 1280 acres of pasture ; of meadow, 192 ; of underwood, 184 ; and of moor, 400 acres, a great proportion of which had been situated in Kilbreny, Ballyrdogh, and other parts of the county of Kildare, Nunnery of Clonard was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and was endowed, before the English invasion, by O'Melaghlin, king of Meath. It was founded for canonesses regular, &c. A.D. 1195, tb- lady Agnes was abbess. Pope Celestine confirmed her possessions. A.D. 1282, the abbess being dead, a license was obtained, the 16th of May, to elect an abbess in her stead. A.D. 1286, the lady abbess Felicia being dead, a license was granted to proceed to an election. A.D. 12S8, Burgenilda, the lately elected abbess, resigned. After- wards this nunnery was annexed to the house of St. Brigid of Odder, Cloonmainan is wholly unknown. Cloonmoi-fernarda, in the territory of Brpgia. St. Columbkille Is said to have placed St. Ossin, t;.e son of Kellach, over this establiah- ment. Unknown at present. Colpe, at the mouth of the Boyne. A.D. 1182, Hugh de Lacie founded this abbey for regular canons of St. Augustine, having made it dependent on the abbey of Lanthoiiy, in Jfonmouflishiro. A.D. KJOO, Bogcr, the i)rior of (\,Ipe, was attuched for stopping the Dominican friars of Drogheda in tlie liigh street of tlie said town, and there robbing them of the body of Roger Wothorell, and also for forcibly taking from thorn the bier and pall thereunto belonging. lie was lined in the sum of 20b. At the suppression of monasteries, the prior was found seized of the following tithes in the coimty of Menth : Colpo, eight couple of corn; Newtown, one and a half; St. James, one; Stagrenan, one; Pills- town an A.D. 975, died tlie abbot Gormgal. A.D. 1010, died the abbot DaUich, a chosen scribe. A.D. 1128, died the abbot Coscan. Tliis place is now unknown. The devastation of the Danes have not left traces of some of the ancient monasteries. Doiremacaidmecan. Archdall places it in this county. See Rey- nagh, King's county. Wlierever it was situated, St. Lasra was the foundress. Domnach-sarigc. Archdall makes this place a monastery. Tlie ftither of St. Cethecns lived here or was born in it. St. Cethecus &c. Soe Oran, county of Roscommon. ' L anach-mor, in campo Ethnach, near Navan. Tlie original church of Domnaghmore was built by St. Patrick, who placed there his disciple St. Cassanus, whose relics were preserved in this church and held in the highest veneration for ages after his death. A.D. 843, died tlie abbot Robertagh, the son of Flinn. The round tower of Domnachmor has a doorway with a figure of the Saviour crucified, sculptured in relievo, on its keystone, and the stone immediately placed over it ; the head of the figure reached tlie joint of tl.is upper stoao, while nearly approaching the curve of the keystone On eacl side of tlie door is a human head carved; the one partly on the band, and the other outside it. This doorway, placed at an ele- vation of twelve feet from the base of the tower, measures five feet two inches in height, and its inclined jambs are two feet three inches aaun- der, and two feet at the spring of the arch. This tower is considered to belong to tl.p 10th centnrv. Tliat tho round towers are of Cliristian origin is undeniab' Nowhere are they as yet di.scovcred, unless in connexion with the ancient ecclesiastical estabhshmontj, of the country. If they had been used for other pur- poses than Christian belfries, or for the worship of fire as some pre- tended, in ignorance of the early history of the Irish cliurch, how is it that at Tarnh, the str..ngliohl of that form of paganism, there is no vos- tige of any ttuch tower or building? nor at Downpatrick in T- awloy •nother place in which tho fire-worship was observe,!, nor in the islands ot Aran, to whidi tho obstinate votaries or priest, of the old supen^ti- tmn had fled, sooner than embrace the savinff truthii of the On-.^! ? "V\lien St. Patrick founded Armagh, there is no record of the euistc-nce of a round tower there, while the building of St. Patrick's cathedral is BO accurately described m well u the oflSce of Lis " campanariua " or R9Q ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF lEELAOT). bellman, and if a tower of this description bad been converted into a belfry, how is it that such a fact would be unrecorded? When the converted princes gave up tlieir fortresses as at Fcnagh and Killbannon, mention is made of those grants ; of the yew-tree, which the apostle planted at Newry, memory is kept in the Irish annals, and if the apostle bad consecrated the Pagan places of woi-ship to that of the true God, such an act of triumpli over tlie erroi-s of Paganism would be faitlifully recorded. At Kildare, which took its name from the oak-tree growiii<» there at the time that St. Brigid founded her church, there was no round tower until a subsequent period. The worship of Hre was carried on in many places over tlie country, and those places still retain the names wliich designate the iact, such as Greany, Tomgreany, &c., and in which uo traces of the round tower exist. The annals of Ireland point out the era of the eret Jon of some towers as at Clonmacnoise and Annadowni. In tlie former establish- ment is Temple-Finghon and its round tower, wliich is entered by a door-way from the church, and level with the floor thereof. If Bome towers remain without vestiges of an ecclesiastical building attachef' bo it remembered, that many of those churches were built of wood and consigned to the flames by the plundering Danes who devastated in particular everything sacred. These • towers were used, it appears from tlie Irish annals, not alone as beli'ries, but also as places of security for the valuables of the altai-s in cases of sudden attack, beiiirj, by their construction and solidity, capable of resisting every kin ' of military machine tlien known, and also lire. They were also in many places, as at Killala, peculiarly adapteil for the piirpose of signal towers, as well as beacons to guide tiio ■wearied traveller towards the sacred buildings, where they found reli- gion as well as liospitality practised towards them. Donnyganiey is nituated a mile east of Colpe. According to tradi- tion, was a numiery, the possessions of which were granted to the family of Draycot. Donogh-Patrick, in the barony of Kells. The apostle of Ireland founded a church in this place, his admirer and friend, Conall, brother of the monarch I^eogairo, having given him the site cr rather his own castle to be converted into a <;hurch. A.D. 745, thia abbey was destroyed by fire. , A.D. bbO, it was plundered by ih© Dunes. A.D. 1)49, renewed ravageH by the Danes. A.D. 1>5I, again ravaged l)y the barbarians. A.D. 088, til a ftbbt^ wutt [iluiideruu by Uie Bamu despoilors, who were a^siHted by Murtjigh ()'() the burgesses of the town. Part of this friary was afterwards repaired for the service of the parish, t. e. the Protestant. Drumcorcothri, supposed to have been in the barop\ of fcslane. lliia chureh was founded by St. Patrick, over which he "appointed a St. Diermit. Dniimfinclioil in the ancient territory of Mcfh Archdall quoting the "Trios Thaumaturga," says, that this estabiishi^ient was founded by St. Columbkille and St. Lugad, who i.lacod there the son of Tnchan m Hbiiot. Lugad.us was abl)ot of Drumshallon. No trace of this house exists nor of the following. Druimnittcubla, if it over existed. According to Archdall. St. Sodna j^^^rtj 598 EOCLESIASTICAL mSTOEY OF IBELAIfD. waa abbot, A.D. 458. Sedna or Sedonius was a disciple of St. Senan, of Iimiscathy. See which, county of Clare. Duleek, which gives name to the barony, is four miles south-west of Drogheda. Duleek-Damhliagh, " a house of stone," recorded as the fii-st structure of stone for a monastery in Ireland. In the calendar of Cashell, St. Kienan, of Duleek, is stated to have written a lite of St. Patrick. This eminent saint died, according to the Four Mastere, A.D. 489, St. Kienan was, it seems, a native of Meath, and was baptized by St. Patrick, when an infant. Ills birth is stated to have occurred about the year 442. His episcopacy, tlien at Duleek, could not be earlier than 4<2. Ills family was an illustrious one. Tlie Kienan of Duleek is not to be confounded with another Kienan, who was a native of Connau-dit and who went to Gaul, became a monk in the monastery of St. Manin* at ioui-s, and wlio is said to have erected a church in the territory of the Eugenian sept. To the saint of Duleek St. Patrick gave a copy of the gospels, which was then an inestimable gift. In the poem of Fiann, of the monastery, preserved in the book of Leacan, the following passage occurs, which shows us that tl- house- hold ot tlie national apostle consisted of persons who were skilled in ditferent arts. Elsewhere is mention of his silvewmith. beU- founder, &c. ' " His three masons, good was their intelligence, Tneman, Cruithneach, Luchraid strong, , They made ' DamhhlingD' first In Erin. Eminent their history." A.D. T40, died Caerl)an, of Duleek. A.D. 778, died Fergus, bishop of Duleek. A.D. 870, in his eiglity-seveuth year, Guia, abbot, bishop, anchorite, and scribe, died. A.D. 878, plundered by Uie Danes. Their leader, it is related came to an untimely end. ' A.D. 1147, the steeple was injured by liglitning. A.D. H4!), the abbey of Duleek was i)illaged by the Danes. A.D. 1170, the abbot was emi)owered by i)arliamont to erect a weir on the river Boyno. A.D. 1171, the forces of Miles do Cogan committed frightful de- struction within this sjinctuary. But tl -^ Danes of Dublin (at this time - - " i «-"vsMs.-nCc imU jiuw raiscu up as & BOOingw uguinnt the invadci-H, ibU suddenly upon do Cogan and his trooj^, and took ample satisfaction fo.- the sacrilegious outrage which he had committed. EXXJLKSIASTICAL HISTORY OF lEELAND, 699 After the lapse of eleven years this monastery was rebuilt at the ex- pense of Hugh de Lacie, at whicii time the canons regular of St Augustine were introduced, and it became, moreover, subject to the priory of Lanthony, near Gloucester. Its priors continued until the period of the general suppression, when its possessions, consisting of eighty-three townlands, became a eacrifice to the rapacity of English heretics. Those immense posses- sions were granted to Sir Gerald Moore. Priory of the Virgin Mary. In the twenty-ninth year of King Edward IIT., it was found that a priory for canons regular was founded here, by the family of O'Kelley, long before the English invasion. A.D. 1200, Gilbert was prior. A.D. 1380, it was enacted, that no Irishman should be permitted to profess himself in this priory. At the confiscation, the value of the possessions of this priory may be estimated by the amount of rent, £G6 Is. 8d. annimlly, payable by Henry Dray cot and his heire, to whom they were assigned. The fortunate adventurer, Sir Gerald Moore, obtained of its other posses- sions, a grant at the annual rent of £9 lis. 7d., being obliged to main- tain an archer on said lands for ever. Fidelity to England ; treason to God and religion ; perfidy and treachery to parents, aided by the rack and by the torture, by the sword as well as by the cannon, have been the instnnnents by which that nation has striven to implant the heresies of her bastard queen on the soil of Ireland. Having failed to establish them by sanguinary means, England tries the seductive charms of her treasury, which the spoils of nations have more than replenished, by giving to the middle classes of Iroland a system of godless education, with which she would soon undermine the ancient faith of Catholic Ireland. Hospital. A.D. 1403, the custody of an hospital was granted by King Henry IV., to Thomas Scargyl, together with sumlry gardens in the said town, being part of the possessions of St. Mary of Odder and all profits belonging to the aforesaid hospital, then seized in the king's liaiuls. To hold to him the said Scargyl, dui'ing life, free of all rent, saving, however, all taxes and impositions payable by the said hospital, which the said Scargyl conditioned to discharge. A.D. 1419, January th« '.?yth. King Henry V granted to John Tonour, the custody of the hduse called the Magdalen, in Duleek, with all lands, renta, Ac, theremito belonging, and then seized in the king's hands, to hold the same whilst they continued in that stale, free of all rents and taxes. Dunshaughiin, in tho barony of Ratoath, and within fourteen miles of Dublin. St. Secundinixs, who was a native of Gaul, and a bishop P 600 ECCLESUSnCAL UI8T0EY OF IRELAND. hi » about 439, fixed lus residence at Dunshaughlin. He is also named as a nephew of St. Patrick, by his sister Liemania. St. Seachnal or Secun- dmus, died in the year 448, and tlie seventy-fifth of his age. He was a -cry wise and lioly prelate, and the first bisliop who died in Ireland. A, T). 102C, Gearr-an-Choggay preyed and sacked this abbey. On the next succeeding day, he and his two brothers met their merited fate and were all three slain. A.D. 1027, the abbot Donoghu, esteemed the most learned philoso- pher ni Ireland, died at Cologne, in Germany. A.D. 1040, died the abbot Dennod O'Seachnasy. A.D. 1043, the abbey was destroyed by fire. A.D. 1152, the sept of Ily Bruin plundered the abbey. Feartachearbain, near Tarah. A St. Cerban is mentioned as bishop of this pluce. His death is assigned to the year 500. Nothing more is known ot him. Imlenen, in the territory of Bregia and in the neighborhood of Slane. A.D. 849, Suarlech, of Indennen, attended a convention at Armagh With the clergy of Meatli. " ' A.D. 902, died the abbot Ferghil, who was bishop of Finnabrach _A.D. ' 20, died the abbot Maolpoil MacAililla, who was respected as n bishop, anchorite and scribe, and esteemed the most learned of the .Jorthern Irish. Innismochda, near Slane, was pillaged by the Danes, Kells, on the river Blackwater, gives its name co the baronv Is attributed to Wt. Columbkille, about the year 550 ; by others to Kellach abbot ot Uy, who took refuge there from the ravages and attacks of the Danes, and ^ho is said to have founded the abbey. However this may be, mention is made of abbots of Kells long prior to his flight from Hy A.D. 092, Muredach O'Cricain was abbot. A.D. 713, in the seventy-fourth year of his age the abbot Foylcow died. "^ A.D. 802, the abbey of Kells was destroyed by fire. A.D. 804, it was rebuilt in honor of St. Columba. A.D. 800, the Danes having killed many of the monks of Ily, the abbot Kellach sought safety in Ireland. A.D. 899, the abbey was sacked and pillaged. A.D. 919, the Danes j.lnndored Kells an^d laid the chnrch, which was of stone i-vel with the gi-onnd. A.D. 10.; 1, died the blessed St. Ciaran, famed for his groat erudition wisdo.Ti and exemplary piety. ' TIi;-, ui.i.ey is remarkable for many memorable events. Tlie Danes having mndo a furious attack in the year 9(57 on this monastery, were routed w,-. n-at sluught.-.- by O'Neil the Great, king of Ireland. In ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOKY OF ntKlAND. 601 1152, the famous synod of Kolls was held under cardinal Paparo, at vhich three thousand ecclesiastics attended, besides the bishops. The abbey was destroyed six times by fire, but was afterwanl- rebuilt in a style of greater magnificence, partly by the bounty of the princes of Ireland, but chiefly by the revenues w hich were attached to it. It possessed the most splendid library of any monastery in the kingdom, having been celebrated for its manuscripts, among which was St. Co- lumbkille's book of the four Gospels, adorned with gold and precious stones. Richard Plunket was the last abbot, when in 1537, Henry VIII took into his own hands the extensive jwssessions of this abbey. The giants of Dc Lacie in 1173 consisted of 36 townlauds. In Kells it pos- sessed 90 acres ; in Grangestown, 86 ; in Corbally, 82 ; in Malerdone, 16 messuages and 300 acres ; in Kilbride, 220 acres ; in Kiltome, 350 acres, together with 19 rectories. These several possessions were granted to Sir Gerald Plunkett. At Kells is still to be seen St. Columba's house, situated outside the joundary wall of the cemetery on the north side ; in its ground plan it presents a simple oblong form measuring externally twenty-three feet nine inches in length and twenty-one in breadth, the walls being three f.'ot ten inches in thickness. It is roofed with stone, and measures in lieight from its base to the vertex of the gable thirty-eight feet. The lower part of tlio building is arched semicircularly with stone, and has at the east end a small semicircular-headed window about fifteen feet from the ground. At the south-side is a second window with a triangu- lar head about the same height from the ground, and measuring one foot nine inches in height. Those windows have a considerable splay on the inside. The apartment placed between the arched floor and the slanting roof is six feet in lieight, and appears to have been originally divided into three apartments of unequal size, of wiiich the largest is lighted by a small aperture at the oast end. In this cluimber there is a flat stone six feet long and one thick, called St. Columba's penitenti.il bed. Priory or Hospital, under the invocation of John the Baptist, was founded by "Walter de Lacie, lord of Meath, in the reign of king liichard L, for Cross-bearera of St. Augustine. A.D. 1302, John Dawe was prior. Cornelius was the last prior. Its property, all situate in the county of Meath, was granted to liichard Slane, for the term of twenty-one yoai-8, at the annual rent of £14 lOs. Chantry, founded in the parish church of St. Columb, in Kells, to celel)riite nuiss daily. Was found to have acquired property, contrary to the statute, amounting to the yearly value of £2 Ca. 8. 602 B00LESIA9TI0AL HISTORY OP IRELAND. - Killabbhan, in the northern part of Meath. St. Abbhan iounded this church. Notliing raorff ia known of it. Kill-ailbhe, of Senchua, "Tlie cliurch of Ailbe," which is attributed to St. Abbhan. Its name points out the founder. His death is marked at A.D. 540. Killeen, in the barony of Skrine, two miles south of Tarah, gives a title to the family of Fingal. Near the castle, which De Lacie built, A.D. 1180, was a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary, beautifully carved and in the pointed style. The east window was large and of considerable height, and west of the church were two towere. The ruins of many ancient tombs are still to be seen, with several figures in the episcopal habit and mitres on their heads. This is supposed to be the Killeen in which seven bishops are in- tended. Canons of St. Angustlne. St. Endens or Enda founded an abbey at Killmaine. He also founded the monastery of Arran, which see. St. Sidonius is honored here on the 9th of March. St. Sedna, the son of Neman, was abbot in the year 594. Nunnery of, was built by St. Enda for his sister Carccha, alias Fan- chea, who lived to a very great age, and died, according to the four Masters, A.D. 578. Her memory has been held in high veneration. ^ Killdu-magloin. Among the scholars of the illustrious St. Finnian of Clonard is mentioned Mogenoch, who probably is the Menoc, a Briton, who followed him to Ireland. He was bishop of this place, and his memory was revered on the 26th of December. ^ Killmainham-beg, in the barony of Kells. In the reign of king Richard I., Walter de Lacie, lord of Meath, founded this monastery for knights of the oirer of St. John of Jerusalem. A.D. 1292, friar John, of St. Bottulph, was preceptor. A.D. 1320, friar Roger Utlaugli, was preceptor. A.D. 1588, an inquisition found this commandery in a ruinous state, owing to the devastations committed by Sir Thomas Barnowall, knight,' his son Alexander, and Sir Thomas Cusack, In the thirty-third of queen Elizabeth, it wiis granted to Sir Patrick Bamewall, knight, for the term of sixty-one years, at the annual rent of fifty marcs for the first twenty-one years, and £03 12s. 2\d Irish money for the remainder of the said term. Killmainham-wood, in the barony of Rolls. Tlie fixmily of Preston founded this commandery for knights Ilosidtallcrs, in the 13th century. A.D. 1587, September 23d, a lease of the said commandery was made for the term of twenty-one years, to Henry Duke, at the i early mit off4 lOs. Killschire, in the barony of Kells, bordering on Westmoath. Tliis ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOBY OF IBELAND. 603 church was erected under the invocation of the holy virgin St. Schiria ■whose name it beara. She was venerated on the 24th of March, while Corcaria Caoin, a sistei- of here, is not met with in the calendars. Tliey were the daughters of an Eugene, who was great-gi-andson to Fergus, a brother of Neil Negilliach. St. Schiria was livhig in 680 A.D. 745, died the abbot Dubdaleithe Nagraifne. A.D. 750, died the abbot Daolgus. A.D. 8G6, died the bishop, the first and only one at Killschire, St. Conall, son of liachna, prince of East Meath, and of the royal blood of Ii-eland. Tlie memory of St. Conall waa revered in the isle of Arran, where he is interred with the three other beautiful saints of Ireland, in the same tomb. See Arran, county of Galway. Many of the Irish saints, when their last days were near, repaired to this island, in order to prepare for the journey to eternity, and to have the assistance of those holy men who served God in this famed retreat of contemplation and sanctity. A.D. S)20, died the abbot Aligns. A.D. 949, the Danes plundered and pillaged this abbey. A.D. 951, Godfrid, son of Sitric, at the head of the Danes, did again spoil the abbey. Lismullen, in the barony of Skrine, about two miles north of Tarah. Alicia, sister to Richard de la Corner, bishop of Meath, founded the nunnery of Lismullen for canonesses of St. Augustine, in the year 1240, under the invocation of the Holy Trinity. Tlie prior of Xewtown, near Trim, having enfeoffed the said bishop with the lands of Dunsenkill, reserving only to himself and the priory two pounds of wax, or in lieu, twelvepeuce annually, the bishop made a grant of the same to this nunnery. A.D. 1322, the lady prioress, Eleonora, sued John, bishop of Meath, for the advowson of Paynstown-DuUard, near Tyanoure, of which a former prioress, Alicia, Avas seized in the reign of llenry III., and also for the advowson of the church of Ardraulchan. A.D. 1347, this year, the pn'oress clanned sundry privileges in the lands of Lismolyn, Belegrene and Ardcath. A.D. 1470, Margaret was prioress. This nunnery paid to the bishop of Meath nix marcs proxies. Maria Uusacke was the last lady prioress. Sir Thomas Luttrell, of Luttrellstown, Thomas Cusack, Gerald, earl of Kildure, and liobert Harrison, were the grantees of the very extensive possessions of this nunnery, which were then worth £32 15s. iU! tlio celebrated imago of the blessed Virgin Mary nt Trim which used te perform wondei-s and Tnirack-H, which used to heal vlio bK-i-i, the deaf and the crippled, and perscMs affected with all kin Is o- di-- pi- one' they also burned the stall' of .lesus, wliicli was ii, Dubli", . .orn.^ng mirncles from Sf. fatrick's time to the piesont, aiid luwi uoen in .ao hands of Christ, while he won among men (said to Jinvo been p en tc St. I'africk in the island of Lerins). Tliey also ii. .pointed nrchl'ihom ttud 8ub-bihhons I'ur thomsulves, iind thomrli ■»•.,.■» «„„ ♦!,„ , — „-,,.. ._ WXJLKSUflTICAL IIISTOEY OF lEELAND. 611 of the Roman emperoi-s against the church, scarcely had there ever come so great a persecution as tliis from Rome (wht. Pagan) So that It 18 impossible to narrate or tell its description, unless it should be nar- rated by those who saw it." Anthony St. Legor, knight, and Richard Hayne, obtained the posses- Bions of this monastery from Elizabeth. Hie steeple, usually called the yellow steeple, waa a iofty and hand- Bome square lower, one half of which was demolished by Oliver Crom- well, against whom it held out a considerable time as a garrison Gray friary, which was dedicated to St. Bonaventure, was originally founded by John King, for the order of strict observar^s. Oth-M-s say it was founded by the Plunketts. The Observantines reformed .his houso bctorc the year 1325. AD. 1330, the Royne overflowing its banks, the building was undeiv mmed and a great part of it fell. Maurice was the last prior, who was found sehoA of the church and steeple, a dormitory, hall, three chambers, ana sundry other offices .vithm the precincts and of no value. Its possessions in 'and, aboui one hundred acres, &c., with appurtenances, were granted to Lodvyche Oludyr, pai-son of Roslaye, John Morye, parson of Waltei^tow., and John WaUly, at the annual rent of 2a. lOd. Irish money. This friary has been totally demolished. In the churdi of this friarr assizes were held before the erection of a session house on it« site Father Richard PUmkett, who wrote an Irish Dictionary, now in the public library of Dubliu, resided in this convent. Dominican friary, situated near the gate leading to Athboy, was founded m honor of the Virgin Mary, A.D. 12G3, by Geoffrey de Gene- ville, k»rd ot Meath. A.D. 1285. a general chapter of tlio order was held here. " A.D. 12yi, on the Sunday uoxt after lue least of St. Matthew a gcueral meeting was held in this .bbey, the four archbishops, bishops, deans, etc., attending, .nd enacting mcasur.^ fur iL.; good of the Irish cliurch. A.D. 1308, the founder of thi>, abh .. ".earned the habit of the >.rder. In 13(3, ho had been viceroy of Ih ! .. .. A.I). 1314, died the pi< us Lander, and was intorrad here. A.D. 1315, (I general chapte. of the o-der was held hero. A.D. 1308, the fhurch was coiw sn.cJ by lire. A.D. 1418, Madu-w IIusHoy, Samn of Galtrim, and a great bene- factor ot thiM convent, was interred here. T . .^f' l*,"*''' '" " I^"''"'^'"""' •'*''»• l"'"' »t was enjoined that the Irish ''.')uld n-^' wear siiirl, sti.i ..a witli millVon. A.D. H? ^nd iiOl, •arliamuuU were held here. in 612 ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0BY OP IRELAND. A.D. 1756, Sir Arthur Cole, created Baron Tanelagli by George I, occupied the possessions of this abbey. Tliere were at this time seven friars in tlie vicinity of their convent : Patrick Lynhain, prior, Micliael Wynn, Thomas Hiissey, pastor of the parisli of Donore, Tliomas Curtis, Pliilip O'Keilly, William Cruice, and Vincent Coffey. Brethren of the cross, cross-bearers. Tliis priory was dedicated to St. John the Baptist. A bishop of Meath is said to have been the founder, and his successors in the see were great benefactors to it. Tl}e last prior, Hussey, with his brethren, abandoned their monas- tery on the 4th of February, and in the twenty-seventh of Henry VIII. Its possessions were a church and belfry, chapter-house, dormitory, hall, three chambers, a store, kitchen, stable, and cemetery, three gardens, with an orchard within the precincts. These and other appurtenances were granted for ever to Sir Tliomas Cusack, knight, at the annual rent of 88. 5d. Irish. Tills priory was a truly magnificent bwikling. Nunnery, founded in Trim, but no account of its history remains. Greek church. An ancient church exi ted here of old. A fact which shows that Ireland was the mart of literature, and that students from all quarters of Europe flocked to her celebrated schools. Chantry. A perpetual chantry was founded in the parish church of St. Patrick. Contrary to the statute, they, the priests, acquired a castle, and ten vv nages in Trim, with eight tenoments and ten acres of land in Doiii <1 Irishtown, in the county of Meath. In return for the intentio o founder, some meek minister of the reformed creed laast be m. d by the privaie spirit to cui-se pope and jwpery, aa well as execrate that faith which jir()nij)ted the pious bequest which givta him aliiiieiit, while he maybe cehOirating the victories of the "glo- rious and immortal memory" in a bumper of genuine Boyno water. Tullen. A.D. 660, died Carnich, principal of the monastery of Tullen. A.D. 946, (lie Danes plundered Tiillcn. A.D. 961, Gotfrid and the Danes of Dublin plundered the monas- tery. On his return to Dublin, he and his army wore surprised by the Irish, routed, and ol)liged to leave their plunder behind. A.D. 1 170, Dormot Mac Murrough, king of Leinstor, and ti. Er'iuh under StrongLow, burned and plundered Tullen. Iil^i B0CLE8IA8TICAL HISTOBT OF DBELAND. 613 CHAPTER LVII. OOTOTTY OF MONAGHAN. Closks, founded by St. Tighemach. See Clones or Clogher. St. Feidlihni, the third in succession, as bisliop, was interred near Lim, in the church. A.D. 714, died the abbot Cele Tiarnach. A.D. 747, died the abbot St. Dichull. A.D. 773, died the abbot St. Fionan. A.D. 805, died tlie holy abbot Gormgall. A.D. 839, died tlie abbot and bishop Joseph, of Eossmoro, who pro Bided over several monasteries, and was esteemed an excellent writer. A.D. 1095, the abbey was destroyed by fire. A.D. 1139, died the abbot Cathal, son of Maelfin. A.l). li.'07, Ilutrh de Lacio destroyed this town and abbey by fire. Tlie English rebuilt them in live years after. A.D. 1353, died the abbot John O'Cairbre. A.D. 150C, died Thomas Biiidhe, dean of Clones. By an inquisition takon the twenty-ninth of Queen Elizabeth, tho abbot was found seized of tho site,— a church, half thatched, tho walls of a cloister, hall, kitchen, other buildings in ruins, a garden and orchard, pieces of land comnumly called taths— fifty in number, and each tath containing forty acres, all of which were granted, with the abbey, to Sir Henry Duke, knigiit ; it afterwards became the property of Lord Tiiomiw Dacre, who preferred the favor of tho English court to the patronage of tho tutelary St. Tighemach. There is still renuiining one of tho ancient round towers, and the foundation of tho church, with tho walls of a curious little chapel ad- joining. Corbeship, of Clones, was in the naturo of a collegiate church, which, (luring tlio struggles for country and creed, in tho reign of Eliza- beth, was obtained from tho Pope by Mac Mahon, for his pon. Monaghan gives nanu^ U- tho county and barony ; is a market town, and iomieriy Beat rupruBuutuilvea to i'ariiamont. 614 BOCLESIASnCAIi HI8T0KT OF IBELAND. An ancient abbey existed here, of which St. Moeldod was abbot and perhaps the founder, and who was a member of the great house of the Dynasts of Orgiel. Tlie time in which he lived is not marked. A.D. 830, the Danes plundered Monaghan, and the abbey. A.D. 912, the abbot Maolciaran, the son of Cochagan, died. A.D. 931, the abbey was again pillaged by the baroarians, A.D. 936, died Caoin Comrac, the anchorite. A.D. 1042, the abbot Ailill, or Elias, esteemed the principal of all the monks of Ireland, died at Cologne. A.D. 1044, died the abbot Moenach. A.D. 14G2, Phelim MacMahon founded, on the site of this ancient abbey, a monastery for conventual Franciscans, which was granted at the suppression, to Edward Withe. Lord Edward Blaney erected a castle on the site of St. Tighernach'a abbey. Tehallen, in the barony of Monaghan. St. Tellan, son of Colgan, a chief of this district, has given his name to this church ; his festival oc- curs in the Irish calendai-s at June the 25th. Tl^e memory of St. Kil- len, a bishop, was also kept at Tehallen, on the 27th of May ; some say he was placed there by St. Patrick. A.D. 671, it was destroyed by fire. A.D. 865, died Cosgrach, the auchorito and scribe of Tehallan. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEY OF lEELAOT). 615 CIIAPTEK £7111. QUEEN'S COUNTY. Abb]:y-Leix, on the river Nore, and in tlie barony of Cullinagli. Tliis abbey was founded in honor of the Virgin Mary, A,D. 1183, by Coreheger O'AIore. Ihe monks were brought thither from the Cistercian' abbey of Bal- tinghiss. A.D. 1421, the Tth of May, a great slaughter wa made near this abbey by O'More, of the retinue ot Lord Orniond, then lord lieutenant of Ireland. Twenty-seven of the English were cut off, the chief of whom were Purcell and Grant; ten persons of superior rank were made prisonei-s, and two hundred others were saved by flying to this monaster}'. No counties in Ireland were more dearly purchased by the English adventurers than the King's and Queen's. Tlie O'Moores were engaged more than sixty years in deadly conflict with the invaders. The lands of this abbey, 1227 acres, were granted by lease for thirty-seven years, to Thomas, earl of Orinond, at the yearly rent of £C lOa 8d., and afterwards, at their reversion, at an increased rent of £10 58. Tlie family of Ormond have profited much by their fidelity to the English govornmont. Tlie duke of Onnond, so celebrated in the Irish annals of the seventeenth century, o'.ttained enormous grants of lands, tithes, and inipro])riati li fi 616 KOCLESIASTICAL IIISTOET OF lEELAHD. Agliaboe, in the barony of Upper Ossory, near Mountrath. Saint Caniiice was tlie founder. See diocese of Ossory. A.D. filS, died tlie abbot Liberius. A.D. 784, died tlio abbot St. Yirixil or Fear main in his own country by St. Kieran, of Saigir. lie then erected this monastery, which became very respectable ; and hav- ing been a man of great virtue and sanctity, his memory has beer highly revered. Odran died on the 2d of October. ^^ Gleanussen, which more properly belongs to this county than to tho King's, and where some have placed it. St. Dlermit was the founder. lie is different from the Diermit of Inuisclothran. St. Comgan succeeded. His name occura in the life of St. Ita, at whose death she was j^resent. St. Murgenius was abbot of Glenussen. His name occurs in the calendars at the 27th of January. A.D. 915, died Moelmoedoc, a learned scribe of Glenussen. A.D. lOlG, died Coenchonnoe, a professor in this abbey. A.D. 1041, the abbey was plundered. A.D. 1028, died Couchouran, a professor in this abbey. Killdelge, in the barony of Upper Ossory. SS. Sillan and Cuanan, the hitter of whom died A.D. 721, are mentioned in connexion with this place. It is now a rectory in the diocese of Ossory. A.D. 8CG, died the abbot Congal MacFeadach ; and the four Mas- ters call him a distinguished scribe. A.D. SCO, the abbot Donough MacMoeldun was slain by the Danes. Killobbane, in the barony of Ballyadams. St. Abba- anded this establishment. No accounts of this abbey can be traced. Killcrmogh, in the barony of Upper Ossory. St. Columbkille is said to have been tho founder. Killfoelan, in the territory of Leix. Either founded by Foilan or dedicated to that saint. A Foilan was bishop of Emly. Another Foilan was brother to St. Fursoy. Leaincliuil, on the borders of Leix and llyduach. St. Fintan Corach, who was bishop of Clonfert, and who is there interred, is said to havo been abbot of lii'ia pluco. i' 'ls''1 . V IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 IttlM |50 '■^" ^ I4£ ill 2.0 12.2 ■Uuu ills U ill! 1.6 6" v: A o f A c^ &. 7 ^ Photographic Sciences Corpordtion m iV 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WCBSTIRNY I4SS0 (716) •73-4503 <9 ». ^o- ^ ^ 620 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF lEELAND. In the barony or district of Erris, county of Mayo, and parish of Ballycroy, there is an old church in ruins, dedicated to St Fintan. Here also is his well. It has been long ui^d ns a cemetery. A small creek under the church is called Cuan-Fintan. Near the church is a rocking-stone, so poised that a slight touch sets it in motion, and which had been an object of superstition with the Paga^i Irish. St. Moclionna is said to have been abbot or bisho]) of this place. A St. Moch'Hina is also found as abbot of Derry ; he was a very holy man. He lived in 704, and his festival is marked at the 8th of March. Mundrehid, in the barony of Ossory, between Burros and Annatrim, and tive miles west of Mountrath. St. Lasren, who was also abbot of Durrow, is mentioned as abbot of Mundrehid. St. Manchen, " the wise," who is styled abbot of Disert-Chuilin, in Leix, by some writers, died A.D. 052. Rosstuirc, in Ossory, and near Sleeve-Bloom. St. Brogan, of Rostuirc, who had been requested by St. Ultan of Ardbraccan, to do so, wrote a celebrated poem, praising the virtues and miracles of St. Brigid. Tlie festival of Brogan is observed on the 17th of September. St. Brendan, probably of Birr, is said to have governed this church, and was, likely, the foimder. Archdall places the death of St. Brogan in the year 525, but that date is not rccoucileablo with tho request of St. Ultan, who lived until the year 057. Sletty, in the barony of Slecveinarge. The see of St. Fiech, the disciple and favorite of St. Patrick, and to whom the apostle presented many valuable gifts. St. Aldus, bishop of Sletty, who died in GOQ, and whose name oc- curs in the Irish calendare, at the 7th of February, and to whom a life of St. Patrick was addressed by a writer called Macutlieuus, was one of the fathers who composed the synod of Fhinn Feblila, primate of Armagh and of St. Adamnaii, abbot of Ily. Seven disciples of St. Fiech rest in Sletty : Mochatoc, Augustin, Tegan, Dermot, Nennid, Paul, a hermit, and Fedhlitn. Stradbally gives name lo (he barony. In the twelfth century "The O'Morra" founded this monastery ibr conventual Fraticiscans. August loth, 1582, Queen Elizabeth was seized of this friary and all its appurtenances, which consisted of, besides other property, three hundred and forty-five ocres of land, in different townlai. ?s, all of which were granted to Francis Cosby, and his heii-s, at the annual rent of £17 Os. 3d, Irish, under i. \ obligation of fiuding, yearly, nine English horsemen (to defend and maintain Ih-itish supreuuicy). In 1609, a nertr lease waa made to llichard, bou of Alexander Cosby. ECCLTCSIA8TTCAL HISTORY OF ntELAOT). 691 Teach-schotin, in the barony of Slievemarge. St. Scutin, or Sca- than, was of an illustrious family, and is said to have been related to St. Aill)e of Euiiy. He had been a disciple of St. David, at Wales. On his return to Ireland, he constructed a cell for himself, called after him, and which seems to have been a solitary habitation. After a very edifying life spent in the practice of great austerities, he died on a 2d of January— the year being unknown. Tempuil na cailleagh, church of the nuns, in the barony of Upper Ossory. The founder or foundress is unknown. Two small chapels were dependant on it. As it is in the vicinity of Aghaboe, it may have been under its control. A round tower, in fine preservation, and some ruins of the monas- tery, are still to be seen. Tiraahoe, in the barony of Cullinagh, and south of Stradbally, an- ciently called Teagh-mochoe, from the founder. Archdall would lead us to think that St. ALochoe, of Antrim, was the founder, who does not seem to have any establishment beyond the confines of Ulster. As there were other saints of this name, it must have been erected in some time posterior to tU age of the Antrim saint, who died in 497. A.D. 925, died the abbot Moyle Kevin. He is the first abbot whoso name is recorded. A.D. 931, died the abbot Cosgrach. A.D. 951, diod Gormgall, prelector of this abbey. A.D. 9G9, died the abbot Finghen O'Fiachrach. | A.D. 1001, died the abbot Conaing O'Fiachra. A.D. lOOr, died the abbot Fensneachta O'Fiachra. A.D. 1142, the abbey was burned. A round tower, in fine preservation, as well as some of the monastic ruins, are still to be seen. The doorway of this tower is the finest of the kind remaining in Ireland ; has some things in its style peculiar to the round tower of Kildare. The doorway is formed of a hard siliceous sandstone. It consists of two di ,.ns, separated from each o^l,e^ by a deep reveal, and presenting each, a double compound rec. ,ed aroh resting on plain shafts, with flat capitals ; the carving is all in very low relief; its height is fifteen feet from the ground. The capitals of the shafts are deorared with hunuvn heads, and the bases, which are in bettor preservation than the capitals, present at their alternate eastern angles, a similar human head, and at their alternate western angles, a figure, not unlike an houi-ghiss. Tlio measurement of the shafta of tlie external arch, including the bases ond capitals, is five feet eight inches ; the breadth at the spring of the aroh is three feet nine inches, nnd at the base, four feet; and the entire height of the arch is seven feet six inches. Ada IBOOLEaiASTICiX HI8T0BY OF IBBXAHD. CHAPTER LIX. COUNTr OP ROSCOMMON. t AaECHMOH, in the territory of Artech. Archdall, and Seward in Ins Topography who seems to have copied from the former, place Dom- nal, a d.scple of St. Patrick, in this monastery. ^ He is called the son of CrimtLan, who was, perhaps, the king of Hy-Kansellagh who ,s said to have erected a large nun.ber of clun4es n the time of the apostle of Ireland. Lanigan rejects his founding hose chnrches^^ as irreconcilable with the hatred which this king bore to the family of St. Fiech. ^ Ardcarne which was an ancient see, is situated in the barony of Boyle. St. Beoadh, son of Olcan, was of royal descent, and of a very generous disposition; he has been held in high eetimation in the Irish calenda.^ The .leath of this sainted bishop occurred on the 8th of anr- kidh," iiu;r' '^ ^ """^""' ^^ " ^"'" ^"-"-^^^ ^^ '-^^' A.D. 1225, died the archdeacon Dionysius O'Mulkyran A.D. 1240, Qilla na naoml, O'Dreain, dean of this abbey, died It IS not ascertained when the monastery of Ardcarne was erected or who has been the founder. In the thirty-fitlh of Elizabeth i was discovered by the royal inquisitors, that the abbot of Ardcarne was seized of the townland of Clonecalliagh, and eight acres of land, with te tithes ; the townland of Cione«nlaghe ; two parts of a quarte mZ ' "'' ^"^^^ "*" ^'''''^'" '"^ ^^"'«^^"- ^•'^'' t''^'"- The good queen, who did not abhor courts of inquisition while they were useful in discovering the property of the Catholic churcli, granted .hm monastery, and its a,,p„rtonance3, to Trinity college, Dublin ; and th.« I rotestant college, mainly supported by the spoils of the Catholic churcli with true Protestant feeling and liberality ch>se, it« dignities to he Cathohc stiident, unless that Catholic sa.-rifices his religious convic- tions to tlic Moloch of Protestant ascendancy. EOCLESrASTICAL HI8T0RT OF IRELAND. ^gg Nunnery. A Benedictine nunnery, wliich was a cell to the abbey of Kilcreunata, in the county of Galway, existed here. In the thirty-second of Queen Elizabeth, whom Protestant writer, d.gn.ty with the title ,of " virgin," and in compliment to whom an American state nas been named, found that this nunnery (the virgin queen would not even spare the virgins of her own sex,) was built on a piece of land called Ferane Culliagh, containing eight acres of arable and pasture, annual value, besides reprises, 20d. ; and within the pre- cmcts was a church, and two houses of stone; other possessions, with tithes, &c.. all of the value of 61s. Irish mo.ey. Ath-da-larg, ford of the two forks.. See Boyle, in this county. Athleague, in the barony of Athlone, and on the river Suck An ancient monastery, of which thore is no account, save the following re- cord of one of its abbots— ^ Athta^ue.'''' '''' ^"'"'"^ ^'"'"'^"' '''*^* '^ Koscommon and Athlone, situated on the river Shannon. A market-town and parlia- mentary borough, rendered famous througli its vigorous defence against ne arms of Ivmg William III., the « Absalom" of England, andlivl thr title of earl to the family of Ginckle. ^ A Cistercian abbey was founded here, in the twelfth century, which was called de Innocentia. ^' AD. 121G. King John, by a grant, dated the 30th of May, gives to th.3 abbey four carucates of land, in the fee of Lagscueth, in exchange >r the sue on which he erected the castle of AthLe, and granted 1^ tl>e said monks the tenth of the expenses of the aforesaid casUe. ' A.D 1279 King Edwar.l I., on the 6th of June, granted to this abbey the weirs and fisheries <.f Athlone, and the toll of the bridge also eight acres of arable land, at the yeariy rent of £1'? A.D 1455, di3d the abbot Thomas Cumin, a man celebrated for ex- tensive knowledge and unexampled wisdom In the time of Queen Elizabeth, this abbey was in the possession of Sir Richard Bingham, knight, fn-st commissioner of Co.inaudit tl gether with three chapels in the barony of Athlone, Cama. KUtoLme and Drayme, collectively worth 70s. Irish money. ' Twentieth of Q.ocn Elizabeth, a grant was made to E.^.iund O'l^al- lon of Athlone, of a mill, on the water of Cbnekille, in this county and two other mills above the bridge of Athlone, with a castlo on the' eas end o the bridge, and a small piece of land adjacent to said castle, lately built in the county of Wostmeath, to hold the same at the annua ren of 12d Irish money. And on the 5tli of August preceding another royal grant was made to said Edmund, of a stnne house, and two gardens thereunto belonging, with two other houses on the soufh 6^4 ECCLTISUSTICAL HISTOHT OF lEELAND. side of the said castle, end an eel-weir on the rivpr Shannon— all par- cels of the property of this abbey. In the ninth of King James I. it was found, that a house and gar- den thereunto annexed, in the town of Athlone, parcel of this abbey, annual value, besides reprises, 12d., was, by a grant froiu the crown, in the possession of Edward Wliite, late of Ballynderry, in this county! Bais Icac mor. St. Sacellus, a disciple of St. Patrick, was bishop of this place, now called Baslick. He was one of those who attended the synod at Magliseola. Whether he was then a bishop or not, remains in doubt. Bealaneney, was a bouse of conventual Franciscans. Tt was found to contain a church, with other buildings, and a cemetery, orchard, and garden within the precincts ; eight acres of arable land and seven of pasture ; a castle in the town of Athlone, near the cemetery of the parish cburcii, in which were two chambei-s, and a parcel of land ad- 'acent to the said castle, expending from the east near the market-place, sixty feet, and in length, near the river Sharnon, two hundred feet! Tliese possessions were granted to Edmund O'Fallon, of Athlone, at the annual rent of 44s. 7d., Irish money. Boyle, anciently called Athdalarg. See Easraacneirc. A market- town on the river Boyle. A.D. 1148, the Cistercians procured a settlement at Grelacdinach. They afterwards removed to Atlidalarg or Boyle. Peter O'Morra, a man of great learning, became their fii-st abbot; afterwards promoted to the see of Clonfert, and was unfortunately drowned at Port de Caneoc^ on the river Shannon, 27th of December, 1171. "' Boyle abbey was one of the most celebrated monasteries of Eu- rope. Boyle was filial to Mellifont, and was dedicated to the Virgin Mary. ^ Aodh O'Maccnin succeeded the learned O'Morra. Ho moved his monks to Urumtc d. His successor, Maurice O'Dnbhay, having con- tinued there near three years, removed to Bunfinne ; remained in this latter place near two years and six months, when they finally settled at Boyle in the year 1161. MacDermot, prince of Moylurg, erected this noble monastery. The estates of the Macdermots have been seized by the King family, and lord Lorton is the present occupant. A.D. 1174, the abbot Maurice O'Dubhay died the 27th of December and was interred here. ' A.D. 1218, the abbey church of Boyle was consecrated. A.D. 1235, the English forces, under the command of lord justice Maurice Fitzgerald and MacWilliam Bourko, encamped within the abbey walls, sacrilegiously seized all the g..„ds, holy vestments, chalicoa, ECOLESIABTICAL HISTORY OF EttELAND. f{25 &c., belonging to this abbey, and very irreverently stripped the monks of their habits in the roidst of their cloister. A.D. 1250, the abbot Dunchad O'Daly, the "Ovid of Ireland," died He was superior to all the poets of hid time in hymnal compositions. A.D. 131.5, Rory O'Connor pillaged this abbey. A.D. 1331, MacDermot, lord of Moylurg, resigned his lordship and -fisumed m this abbey the habit of the order. A.D. 1342, Dermot Eoe MacDermot died here in the Cistercian hab't. A.D. 1383, died the abbot MacDairt, a charitable and humane gentleman. A.D. 1444, the abbot Tliady died at Rome. At the suppression, Tumaltach MacDermot was the abbot. Patrick Cusacke, of Gerrardstown, in the county of Meath, obtained a grant of the possessions of this abbey, then consisting of 2350 acres in various counties. A.D. 1603, a second grant of tin's abbey and its possessions was made to bir John King. In tJie rei^n of Elizabeth, the abbey of Boyle was converted into a place of defence. Within a few miles of the abbey, on the north side ot the Curiew mountains, O'Donnel, on the morning of the 15th of August, 1598, defeated the English troops under the command of Clif- ford, governor of Connaught. Every Irish soldier, imitating the good example of their commander, prepared himself for the approachin<. com- bat by confession and communion. Scarcely had the divine sacrifice been concluded on the morning of this festival dedicated to the holy and imnmculate mother of God, the queen of heaven, and the mother of the afflicted, when the English army appeared slowly advancing with great order and regularity. A notion then prevailed among the native Irish, that one of the ob- jects of the reformation was to impugn the virginity of lilcssed Mary, mother ot God. And this notion, which the language <.f the reformer^ then as well as the present day too fully justified, impressed such a hor- ror against the English in the minds of the Irish clergy and laity, that it rendered their detestation more intense, and the English, objects of greater abhorrence. O'Donnel, impatient for the combat, which he deemed decisive of hi. country's fate, harangued his troops in the lan- guage of old Ireland, pointing out the advantages which their situation gave them over their opponents. "Moreover," continued O'Donnel "were we even deprived of those advantages, we should trust to thj great dispenser of eternal justice, to the droa the abbey, with it« appurtenanc'es, was grante Cornelius, bishop of Elphin, with the consent of the in- habitants and of h,s canons, did grant the church of Elphin to the con- ventual Iranciscans. "o i.uu A.D. 1460, died Rnary Fitz Manus O'Connor, provost of Elphin .avs H 'ZT"^\'''^Zf'' '''' ^'"^'•^^ ^'^PP^'^--" «f monLenes, Pajs, that tins bmld.ng did belong to the friars of the third order of St Domuuck, who were at that time possessed of a church, cloister, and donmto.y, w.th the half of a catron adjacent thereto, and its tithes value at 20d. Irish money. Said tithes had been long'waste, but were «>en found m the possession of Dr. J. Lynch, parh-.n^-arv' -J"' Elphm. And it was further found, that half a ■ " i,nd of various kinds, called Kilvegoone, in O'Flanagan \i, \Z appurtenances and tithes of the same, of the am: ^ ^d L-ish, did also belong to this convent. This house, and its possessions, were granred to Terc e 1 ^f '"'•^' '" *|^« territory of Ily-Maine. St. Patrick loun. . this church and left there a St. Justus, his disciple, who, as the Tripnr i e ad s baptized St. Kieran, of Clonmacnoise, in his 'one hundred d lortieth year of age. Inchmacnerin, an island of Loughkee, which receives the river B03le St Coumba founded the monastery of this island before his departure to the isles of Scotland. It appears that all the religion houses a tnbuted in Ireland to the apostle of the Hebrides, were foutd d before his departure, A.D. 563. A.D. 1222, the nrior Maolisa O'Flyn, died. A.D. 1229, the prior Muireadhach O'Gormgaile, died. A.D. 1234, Prior Moylisa O'Gormgaile, died The greater portion of the property belonging to this monastery of canons regular, was situated in the county of Sligo; another porLn was in O Connor Reagh's country (Roscommon), all of w ach were EOCLESUSTICAIi HI8T0KY OF raELAJO). granted, with their tithes, to William Taaffe, who assigned them to Tliomas Spring Tliey were of great extent, and were concealed on account of the ^'incivility" of the country. If the incivility of Con- naught and Ulster had been exhibited in the other provinces towards the English, the subjugation of L-^land would }- ,ve been dearlv pur- chased. See Boyle, in this county. Inchniean, a cell of Benedictines, which was afterwards united tc Killcreunata, a nunnery in the county of Galway. Archdall says that It was a house for monks. See Xillcreunata. lachmore, an island of Loughree, in the Shannon. See Inchmore county Clare, and also in Longford. 30th of June, and the ninth of Queen Elizabeth, a lease of rhia abbey was granted to Christopher, Lord Delvm, for the terra of twenty- one years, at the annual rent of £6 Us. 8d. Kill-chule. St. Olcan is said to have been the founder of this house m the ten-itory of S'jimuiredhuii^li. ' This St. Olcan has been calL,. a disciple of St. Patrick. Many of the adherents of the national apostle lemained in the province of Con- naught; and it is remarkable that the people of tliis province, who are the oldest of L-eland, are and have been singularly attached to their faith. Tliey have been the steady and determined opponents of British aggression on their territory ; and even at the present day, when no battle IS to be fought, save at the hustings, their votes are recorded against the oppressive government of England; and when the thirst of conquest prompts the British ministry to extend their sway, none of the Irish soldiers are more distinguishcl than the men of "Connaught, and yet England fears to acknowledge, or is unwilling to do justice, to the bravery and courage of her Irish troops. When Irish blood is shed in her defence, or in the unrighteous extension of her rule, England only acknowledges those feats as those of " British valour and British blood " It seems that her policy in subjugating the Irish peasantry to the mer- ciless tyranny of Cromwellian plunderers has been directed towards making those people the material of her armies, when of necessitv her "bounteous shilling" must be accepted, when the poor Irish pe'asant has not the means of self-support, or of betaking himself to the free and generous land of America. Perhaps England has carried her policy in this respect too far, as the province in which ihe found the staple of her armies is well-nigh depopulatx^d, and the strong arm of the peasant, who survives 1-r cruel misgovernment, has been unnerved in the work- houses, which are memo-ials or m, nments of the devastation of the country she has misruled, and of the utility of the monastic establish- ments which she has levelled to the ground, in detestation of that faith, to which she is indebted for the groat charter of English rio-hts. E(XLE8U8TtOAL HISTORY OF IRELAKD. flgj Eillaraght. St. Athracta either founded this bouse or it was dedi- cated t« lie/. It was not her ilrst establishment. See F illarasrht Co of Sligo. . ■ -> } • At the suppression, the thlrtj-third of Queen Elizabeth, the abbe.3 of this house was seized of three carucatea of land, near the water of Lorgbella, tvo beyond the water towards the north, and one towards tli6 wesc; the whole of the anaual value of 5s. L-ish monoy, besides reprises. This nunnery, with its appurtenances, was granted to Terence U i^eirne, who assigned them to the earl of Olanrickard. Killukin, or Killunechair, in the barony of Boyle, where a St. Lune- chaina is honored, ana .vho was born before the year 627. Kilhnorc, on the banks of Louglireo, and six miles "north-west of Athlone. A priory of canons regular was erected in honor of the Vir- g.n Mary, by Con O'Flanagan, which was consecrated by Dona^^h O Connor, bishop of Elphin, A.J> 1232. O'Flanagan presided here till tlie tune of his death, wliieh happened on the 25th of April, 1249. A.D. 12fiO, died the prior Kyno O'Byrne. A.D. 1880, the prior Benedict O'Flanagan died. A.D. 1.3S3, died the prior Mathew Mac Muireadhuigh. A.D 1580, a leji.se of this priory, for the term of twenty-one years vas granted to Tyrrell O'Farrell, at the annual rent of is 10s -L-ish money. Jt was aftfcrwsrds granted to Sir Patrick Bamowall. Killomy. In the year 760, a monastery was founded here by St Cueman, of which no further account remains. Xilltullagh, in the barony of Ballintubber, and borderin.. on the county of Galway. A monastery for Franciscans of the third order and de Poenitentia was erected here, after the year 1441, of which no- thing else is recorded. Ivnockvicar, in the barony of Boyle, and on the bank of the river distant about two miles from the mansion of the Mac Dennot of the rock. According to some accounts this monastery belono-ed to the Franciscans of the third order ; to others, it was a cell of Dominicans subject to Clonshanville, situated in the same barony. Tlie monastery was erected on an eminence, but a vestige of its niins has not escaped the ruthless hands of the levellei-s of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuiies. The monastery possessed a cartron of land adjoining thereto, with the moiety of another quarter in the parish of Arcarn, the whole con- taining forty acres ^J arable, pasture, and moor, with the tithes of tlie same and an eti-weir on the river Boyle, all valued annually at 13s. 4-1. Lish money. i 632 KCCLE8IASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. A lease of this abbey was granted to Richard Kendlemarch. ^ Loiighkey. The river Boyle runs through this lake, in which there 13 an island called Trinity Island, an abbey dedicated to the holy and undiv'led Trinity having existed there, A.D. 700. A.D. 1215, the eminent Clarus Mac Moyhn O'Mulchonry, archdea- con ot Llphin, refoiu.ded this abbey under the ir..ocation of the Holy Irunty, lor Prenionstre canons. He also founded the church of Dervn- donne. See Tulsk, in this county. A.D 1231, on the 15th of December, died here Dionysius O'Morra who had rotu-ed from the l)ishoi)ric of Elphin. ' A.D. 1234, Gillisa O'GibbeUan, anchorite of this island, died A.D. 123i), Lasra Fina, daughter of Cathal Croivdeargli and wife of O Donuiail, granted to this abbey the half town-laud of llosbura, beine part of her doAver. * A.D. 1380, the abbot, who was son of MacDermod Roe died A.D. 1440, the abbot died. A.D. 14(JG, the abbey was consumed by an accidental fire, caused by the negligence of a woman. This abbey was iilial to the abbey of Premonstre, in France Its possessions were granted, with other property, valued at £2(5 13s 8d annually, to Robert Harrison Ibr ever, in Irce soccage. The annals of Longhkey were preserved here. Lysduir, in the barony of Roscommon, and in O'Connor Roc's country. " ^ This priory was a cell dependant on the abbey of Cong, in Mayo ..^. the general incpiisition it was Ibund seized of four quarters of land' with the titlies and appurtenances thereof and the vicarage of Lysdutf |md .'-,0 all the tithes and possessions belonging to the abbey of Con./ m tlie county of Rossconimon incln.lo.l, were granfed to the provost and • iellows 01 Innify College, Dublin. The English parliament at one time imposes on those "FelloNvs" the public profession .,f eelibaey, which is relaxed at another period, according as the ministry is composed of yoou and 2mm, maHhcs or otlurwU: To her military men, while serv- inginthe army, the senate .Iocs not permit the slate of marria.re lest Its burdens would render them less elHcient when called upon To Ih^ht the buttles of their country, while they deride in the Catholic church the salutary discipline of continence, which the hierarchy and cleiiry voluntarily embrace, in order that they nu,y^ unburdened with tlio trammels ot worldly obligations, as true and faithful servants, tignt the buttles of their Hi>iritiiul warfare. Maghselgu or Seola, Domnachmoro of. In tho Hfo of St r-itr'ck by Evin, it is stated that tho apostle, having come to this plain,' near'tl- phm, found three pil' u- stones, which lad been there raised by the ECCLE8USTIC VL inSTORT OF IRELAND. 688 Pagans, either as memorials of events or for the celebration of Pagan rites, on one of which he inscribed the name " Jesus," on another " Sotcr," the Greek of Saviour, and on another " Salvator," the Latin of Saviour. Monastcrevan, in the same barony. An inquisition instituted by Elizabeth, for the purpose of robbing the rightful ownei-s, in the twenty- eighth year of her reign, found that this monastery in O'Connor Dun's country, was po8ses.^ed of two quarters of land, to w.t, the half town land of Kynetty in this county, valued at 208. then waste, and for a long time concealed. The tribunal of inquisition, established in the neighboring states for the trial and i)uni.hnient of criminals, heretics and disturbers of religion us wen as of the public i)ciice, is, and has been, an object of horror to the Protestants of England : and their fellow Protestants of Holland could teach their children to wash their hands in Catholic blood, and while upbraiding the Catholics of Ireland with its abuses in other coun- tries, if such existed, they have been striving to conceal tlieir own enor- ' mities towards the unolfending and devoted Catholics who have never, even when in their power, nuiltreated a single dissenter to the ancient faith, and who, even in Dul)lin, aftbrded shelter to the persecuted Pro- testants of ICngland, when dbligod to fly the rage of the government. Oran, in the half barony of Ballymoo, and five miles west of Ros- comn.on. St. Patrick founded the cluwch of lluarangaradh, now called Killgaradh. Near this place he assigned situations to some of his Gallic disciples, who wisiiod to live in retirement. Cethecus, who is called Patrick's bisho)., is interred hero, but it does not seem that he was i-erniancntly established at this place, as ho was employed by the apostlo in visiting distant churches. Oran ai)peai-s to have been a jiarisli church and not a monastery. St. Cethecus was a native of th-'s place or of TireriU in the county of Siigo, wiiich was the country of his mother. Randown or Kyndowne, in the barony of Athlone, seven miles north of that town. A priory was founded for knights ilospitallers or Cross- bearers, in the reign of king John, and, us is said, by his L-xpress com- mand. A Philip Xangle was a great benefactor to this house in the reign ot king Ifenry III. A.D. 12l'(J, the English strongly fortified tlio castle of Pundiun. A.D. lii.'JT, I'helim O'Connor plundered and pillaged tiiis town. A.D. i;!;J4, John do Fontaynes was constublo of this castlo with the annual feo of ii40 sterliiit'. Church of the Holy Trijiity. Clarus MacM(.;^'en O'Mulchonry, who founded the priory of Loughkee, established this'chureh. «M ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. if »i Eosscommo,, tl>e capital of the county, and giv„ title to the lamny men, A.D. 1268, wluch M-as razed to tlie grouiul in 1271 Abbey of canons of St. Augnstine. St. Coenmn wa8 bishop of Ross- comn^on. The monastery of Eoscon.mon w.vs foun<]ed by the bishop Con.an, w o d.ed m 743 or 746. His monastic rule, called the law of Coman and Aodan, .vas received in three part« of Connaught. Besides e seventy of the institute, which the founder himself compiled, th abbey was celebrated for its schools and the number of its learned pr^ ^>s«ors who contmued to teach at Ilosscomn.on, until the year 1177 vhen tl.e Lnghsh army took possession of the monastery in heir route from Dublin to the West of Ireland. St. Aodan succeeded the founder. A.D. 777, died the abbot Aodan. A.D. 807, the Danes plundered and sacked the al-bey A.I). 811, died Joseph, the learned scribe of Roscommon. A.D. 813, died the abbot Sedulius, also bishop of Roscommon. A.D. 810, died the bishop Siedat. A.D. 872, died the abbot Aodh, the learned and venerable scribe of Roscommon. oi-nue or A.D. 964, the abbot Cormac O'Kellane, who was bishop and abbot o Ro.comn,on, C onmacnoise and Tuaimgreny. He .as held in „ n versal esteem for h,s groat learning an.l unboun.led benevolence. abbfy '''^'"" ^'•"'""'''^''' ""^•^'-•'^'-^ -'J prelector of this p.>t^;rH;i!::!!r ''"'^^" '''' ''^"^^^"''^' -' ^'^-' ^ ^--^ A.D. 1135, the professor Gilla Colman O'Conghalv, a scribe and connnentat.-r of this abbey was slain by the people^f c;::::': A.I). 11.,.., l,„ogh the Great, monarch of Ireland, died. He largely augmented ,he estates of fhi. hou.o, an.l direct..,! tl e H.>s to b a.med with great s..lem. :ty, a.fen.le.I by numy of the cler.v , ^.e n .g.ous n.en, thr,.ugl,..ut .he king.lon, an.l then to be .l" ....sited n a tabe,.ua..h. pre,.ar...l for it, of inunense value, in thin church. A.D. 11..8,asynu,l .,f „i| h.o <'I.Tg.v of (^.nnaught w«h held in this abbey when many g...,.! an.l e.xen.plary .lecrees wo,; nut.le A.I). 1170 the abbot Dermod OMlnu-in, a nutn „f e,xtra..r,linarv en. ..on d.o.i at InisH..hn.n, in H... .-..unty ..f Longlbr.!, in the n ! ^ ftfth yav ,.1 h,s age. In ,he san.e y.ar, hi,s sncce«..„r (Ji..lla j-,,..;,, « (; i ar,na.-n,, phu-e.i ,he renuUns of the f,>undor, St. Coeman.' in « Hhriiie nchly ornamented with silver un.l gold ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 635 A.D. 1177, a party of English arrived here on their way from Dub- lin, and remained three niglits. A.D. 1204, William Bourke, the conqueror of Connaiight, spoiled tills abbey. A.D. 1232, Tiopraid O'Braoin, a man well skilled in the antiquities and laws of the country, died on a pilgrimage at Inuisclothran. A.D. 1300, Roscommon was destroyed by fire. A.D. 1472, Theobald Burke, a Dominican friar, was, by special bull of Pope Sixtus lY., made prior of the canons regular of Roscommon. A regular succession of abbots continued until, in the twentieth of queen Elizabeth, its possessions, consisting of thirty quartere of land and various rectories, were granted, at an annual rent, to Sir Nicholas Malbye. A second inquisition was held under James L, when other property, together with the rectories and tithes of eighteen parishes were seized upon and held from the king in pure and common soccage.' We find none of tlic abbots or priore of the monasteries of Gonnau°ht sit as barons of parliament. Beyond the Shannon, the people wtro considered as barbarians, and hence they were debarred the advan- tages which British protection and impravcnmU guarwnteed. The natives of that province never rela.xed in their resistance to English rule until tiie reign of James I., when England exercised supremo control. Dominican friary. This monastery was founded in the year 1253 or 1257, by Phelim O'Conor, king of Connaught, who was interred here. A.D. 1265. ' The church was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and was consecrated by lliomaa O'Connor, bishop of Elphin. A.D. 1261, Murarius Duach O'Conneker was prior. A.D. 1293, a general chaj)ter of the order was held hero. A.D. 1308, this friary was destroyed by lightning. A.D. 1445, fiiis house having sutfored much from the calamities of war, and other misfortunes, I'opo Eugene IV. granted a bull of indul- rnce, bearing date the 6th of May, to repair the same. This year diJd Thon.as O'Comen, esteemed the most wise and prutlent man of his time. The possessions of this fi-iary, 143 acres of land, with tithas and ap- purtenances, were granted to Sir Nicholas Mall.yc, knight. In 1615, tiiey wore given to Francis, Viscount Valenria, from whoso family they' im.Hsod into the hands of Sir Arthur Cole, baron of Randagl . Tliis abbey has given martyrs to tho church of lreland,''v,ho shall be iiolicLHi i-lsewliere. In i7.')6 tiiero were sixteen friars attached tr this convent : Thonuw MuIhMly, tli(> prior; Thomas Ihvnmin, nntntor; Thonuw Egan. 8»l'i>ri(>r; Dominick O'Kelly, James Breuan, rutrick Mac Dor- 989 ECCLESIASTICAL IIISTOEY OF IRELAND. mot, Peter Cor, Ambrose MacDermot, Jolin Rutledge, Tatrlck Ken- nedy, John Keetly, John S.nyth, John Kearney, Michael Calian Anthony O'Kelly, and Domhiick Ilanly. Some of those were exer- cisnig pastoral functions. Franciscan friary of Roscommon was founded A.D. 1269, and in the following year was totally destroyed by lire. Tcagheon. See Ilandown. Teagh na nighnean, house of the daughters. Tl,e seven daughters ot lergus were honored in Connaught, on the 24th of May ; the records of whicii have perished, nor is it known where iu the province this house was situated. (Kinmoil, Co. Galway.) _ Teagh-Eaithen. St. Baithan, the son of Cuanacli, was bishop of this place. It was in Airteach, not far from Elphin. Here was also in lonner times, a celebrated school. _ Toberelly, in the plain of Roscommon. St. Brigid had been settled m this plain before she withdrew to Kildare. A cell or chapel, of the third order of St. Francis, was founded here It was found to be seized of a quarfer of land, with the tithes and an- purtcnances thereunto belonging, and adjacent to the cell, valued at l3s. 4d. _ Towemonia, in the barony of Roscommon. A monastery for Domi- means was founded here, by O'Connor Don. _ At the suppression, it was found to beh.ng to the Franciscans of tho third order, and was then seized of a church, with a small cemetery a quarter of land of arable and pasture, and the appurtenances and tith'es adjacent to the friary, valued at lOs. sterling, annually. Thirtieth of Elizabeth it was granted for the term of twenty-one years, to Richard Kindelinsho, at the annual rent of 57s '>Jd Of this moniustery not a trac. remains. The ruins of a cattle which )elonged to O'Connor are still to be seen. It is doubtful whelher this house, not distant from Tulsk a mile, ever belonge.l to the Dominicans. lulsk, in the barony of Roscommon, formerly a parliamentary bo- rough, sending two representatives to the Irish parliament This monastery was founded by Mac Dowel for Dominicans, A.D. 1448. By inquisition, tho thirty-third of Queen Klizabeth it was found that a quarter of lan.i, Killne.mhvane, with the tithes, .t,-., of the annual value of 4s. Irish money, and the «,,uirter of (Jarne, witl, ifs tifho. were m the occupation an.l possession of the n.ay,.r and bailills of (ialway Jlio abbey and i.ossessions were granted to John Fox, Ks.i. Some of the church walls and the arches of its interior aro still nretty entire. F-^"/ Keuf Tulsk is tho hill on which the kings of Connaught wore ECCLK81A8TICAL HISTORY OF IKELAND. 637 inaiignrated its name is Canifraoch. A description of the duties of the chiefofficers has been preserved in an Irish nanuscript, at Stowo, in England. Being singular in its way, it is presented to the render. The O'Mulchonrys were the hereditary marehals of Connanght. " It is O'Mulchonry's right to present the wand to the king, and it is not lawful for any of the nobles of Connaught to be present in company on the earn, excepting O'Mulchonry, who inaugurates, and O'Connaghtan, who guards the entrance of the cam. The king's horse and clothes be- come the pro]ierty of tlie successor of Daconna, and he follows O'Con- nor on that horse ; and an ounce of gold is paid to O'Connaghtan, who is obliged to smoothe the earn at every inauguration." The king of Conna;i.y cows and fifty pigs, on those days, to him also, and his surety in the district of Fiachra. Fifty calves and fifty sheep to O'Flanagan ; fifty suckling calves and fifty pigs to him also, and his surety in Tirawley and Erris. O'Connor's high stew- ardship belongs to O'Flanagan, in preference to the three other chiefs, lords of Connaught. The gnar.lianship of his hostages and prisoners,' and the omn.atid of the securities for the i.roviaion of his fleet from Slieve-an-iorran (iron mountain) to Limerick (on the Shannon), belnn«^oor-.eeperisO.Wht,; the chief ^is' Such was the household of O'Connor, as described by Torna O'Mnl dionry, d.ef poet of Connanght, who attended at the La ™ ral^of Phehm O'Connor, on the hill of Carnfraoich, A.D. 1315. CHAPTER LX. COUMY OF SLIGO. Of. A.D. 874, d ed the abbot of Achonry, Robertach MacNaserda who was made bishop of Kildare. ««eraa, Aughross, in the barony of Tireragh, parish of Templeboy. \,i3 monastery was founded by St. Molaisse, alius Lasrean, of Deveni h C^ Fermanagh; it was also called Killmantin. It w„s reflurded ?" canons reg.dar, in the year 1280, by the fan.i.y of Mac Donte^ ict No such family, at least, of importance, existed in Tireragh Li U.e annals of the Four Mj.tors, the following record is found : A.D. 1380, Donnell, son of Bryan O'Dowda, lor.I of Tirawley and Tireragh, who defended hi. territory despite of the English and Ir I who were opposed to him, died in his own town (Dunneil), on the 3d of O'lw'T^','" !!T ''f''"^y'^ M«-Firbi., the biographer of the ODowda famdy adds, that Donnell O'Dowda, who reigned thirty! year., was a builder of churches and monasteries ^ . T'.e cam, on win-ch the O'Dowda was inauLM.rated. i:„» .. ., , L^"h""'/;/' """."""' *f""««''^'«'-"«- On the' summit oHht elevated spot the earn is still visible. BCXJIESrASTICAL BISTORT OF IKELAOT). Q39 It would then appear that O'Dowda was the founder of Au^hroae. instead of Mac Donald. ^"snroaB, mlX'^ir'' "' ^1' ^t'"'' ^' ^^°^""' ^"^ S*- Airendanus, a her- T: f ^^'^P^^^^^^ - Tireragh, by some of the natives, as ;«!! aa that of St. Adanman, of Skreeno. Tl.e retreat of Airendan was in the face of a rock, overhanc^in. the stream winch divides the parishes of Templeboy ^nd Eask:; \ow called the Duach. Some ancient lime-trees add much to its pictu esZ appearance. In the centre of the stream, almost at the v rge oT the fall o .ts water, is a basin, forn.ed in the lime-stone rock, tf a fo„n omple ely orcular, and of uniform depth, in which, accord ng to t™ dition, he was wont to administer baptism. ^ St. Aileran, or Airendan, surnamed the Wise, presided over the great hool of Clonard as principal professor. A tract, written by 1 ifi Btdl extant, m w ,ch the n.ystical meaningof the names of our 11";^ FO,3n.to« as they are found in the gospel of St. Matthew, is tr^a ^ of. Il.ough small, xt exhibits, besides a great share of ingenuity v y consKlerab e b. heal and theological learning. He also w^ote a'lilTf St. Patrick winch is lost. Some memoirs on St. Brigid, and also vx i/Lcemoer, A.V. b6o, ht. Airendan died, of the ereat pestilence that raged over Ireland. ^ Tlie eminent SS. Fechin, Adamnan, and Airendan, whose labors have sanctified this district of Ireland, frequently met it is said a^ Aughns, as a central point, to converse on heavenly subjects An inquisition found that the prior was seized of the church, with a steeple, built m the form of a cattle; and a quarter of land of evry kmd, adjacent thereto, of the annual value of 5s. Irish money; he ^aIue ot 3s„ 4d. ; the vicarage of Kilmacshelgan, of the lik; value • the vicarage of Corcagh (now Templeboy), ail situate in the barony :t! •agh. The vicarage of Aheimlys, in the barony of CaH.erry with a quarter of glebe land belonging thereto, and an island (In 2.;! in ho high sea, of the value of £15 sterling, and the grange of M^Z .lerny, containing one quarter of land, of the Jd .Measure, i^ t e harony of Lurge, and county of Fermanagh The prior of Aughross, abbot of Ballysadare, and chaplain to Manns O Donnol!, was consecrated bisiiop of Elphin, on the 23d of March, At the ancient church of Dromard is the hermitage of St. Fecliin with its rud»> altar of s^nnp wl.,'-1- «-. i • - ^ ' '^i- ^ tcnin, Ki_ airar oi p.one, which was used at tl.o liine of the persecu- tion by the profossoi-s of the ancient f.ii,!.. Two other religious houses exited in the parish of Templeboy. (,..uigenioro, with its sq^e t"; dio KCCLE3TASTICAL mSTORT OF IRELAND. and church, the walls of which are nearly in ruins, is now a burial-place near which many religious were slaughtered by the persecutors, who attacked them by night; the other called Grangebeg, which, according to tradition, was a nunnery, and was also used formerly as a burial- place. The first of these places belongs to the family of Fury. The second has become the property of the Ilillas family. Aughross belon^^ to Cooper, of Markrea castle. Not a trace of this ancient monastery remains. "^ Ardnary, in the barony of Tireragh, on the banks of the Moy A monastery for Eremites of St. Augustine was founded here, A.D. 1427 which tradition assigns to the piety and generosity of the O'Dowda family Near this monastery is the hill which gives name to the abbey Oii Its summit was erected the castle of the O'Dowda, often captured'by the iinrkes and as often recovered by this ancient and martial family See Ivellach, bishop of Ivill.ila. _ AD. 1586. "The Burkes, of Mayo, collected their forces and were joined by two thousand Scottish auxiliaries, who had landed in Ulster Their object was to expel the English, who were devastating the pro- vmce, under the cruel governor Sir Richard Bingham, whose name became signalized at the attack of Smerwick castle, in Kerry, and who was known by the name of the 'Devil's Reaping-hook.' The Bourkes having mustered in all three thousand men, and having encamped at Ardnaree with their auxiliaries, Bingham, having closely pui-sued, at- tacked or rather surprised them on the banks of the Moy. Burke's men were defeated, and two thousand, principally Scotch, were slain, many ot whom plunged into the depths of the Mov, rather than be put to death by the governor's men." The walls of the abbey church are nearly perfect. Tlie west door with t>i-o human heads, has been in the pointed style, forming an arch of pretty design, and having in the interior a stoup ibr holy water Its pointed arches should have been copied, when the cathedral, which is adjacent, was being erected. ^ Ardseinliss, in the barony of Tirerngli, near Slieve Bagna. St. Patrick 18 said to have founded this nunnery for St. Lalloca, who was sister to bt. Mel, ot Anlagh. Nothing more is recorded of it. If the tradition of the country can be relied, on, St. Columbkille travelled throuHi this part of tl>e country when going to or returning from Killala, the port of which he blessed. ^ Athmoy. Clarus O'Mulchonry, archdeacon of Elphin, built this church, in honor of the holy Trinity, for Premonstre canons, which he brought from Loughkey The founder died A.D. 1251. Athmoy, with it« possessions, was granted to Robert Harrison, who assigned them to William Crorton. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF nJULAND. "^4^ Ballindune, m the barony of Tirelill, seven miles north of Boyle and a .y. for Dommicans, about the year 1427. This family has given b'shops, priests, marty.., and heroes to Ireland. n.ey are a bid o, the MacDermot, of Moyl.rg, who was descended of Ile'emon, he ttrd son of Milesms. It was dedicated to the Vir-^in M-»-v and ul \a pete wijh many monasteries of the country hi extelt^ Lrlr;;^^ '''^■ In the wenty-seventh of queen Elizabeth, the possessions consisted of a church and cemetery, with half a quarter of\and of e -erTC annual va ue 6s 8d. English money. They were granted to Fra 1' Cro ton who had assigned them to Edward Crofton. They have even tually fallen into the hands of the King family In the year 1756, there were four friai-s attached to Ballindune S:tip!:r^' ''' '-'-' ^-"^"^^^ O.Iart, Andrew Ctarj bnr':S^:^^^''' ''' -'-' ^"^^"- '^-y- «f ^^« time, has been Ballinley, now Rosslee, and anciently Imlcach Iseal. On the west side of tne river of Easkey is the ancient church of Lnlcach .i.e-il I'T.liT T'. ^" ^''"'^''''"-^ '' '^'' O'Dowdas, lords of Ty'rera^h _ A.D. 1439, the vicar of Imleach-iseal died of the plague. Ili name rTZS." " '"'^^^^^''^^ ''^'''''''''- A^'o'Boiand,::: The river of Easkey flows from the lake of that name, which is situated at the foot of the Ox mountains. The annals of the four Masters record its eruption, A.D. 1490 ■ « An earthquake at Slieve Gamh, by which a hundred pei-sons were dest'royfd among whom was the son of-Manus Crossagh O'llara. Many hiel and cows were a so k, led by it, and much putrid fish were throw Tn ad a lake, m winch fish is now caught, sprang up in this place." Eu the r,ver seems to be of older date than the Lough. In one of tl^ thfS::;^;;^;::-!::^™^^^^ At the suppression, it was granted to Sir Ilenrv Broncard, who as- signed them to Sir William Taaffe, knight. ' _ The building still remains at the end of the town. n,e workman- ship ,n general was good, and the east window is remarkablv curious. n e castle of Ballymote, which wa.s purchased by O'Doimell, of Tir- connell, fi-om MacDon.,h, w,. a square of 150 f^t, 60 high, flank^ and quoined by towe,. six feet broad in the wall, with a st.o^/rampa and parapet all round. The liont was very regular, and is on the w Ilo 642 KCCLESIASTICAL fflSTOKY OF IBELAND. a rum equally handsome and strong. Tl.is oastle and tliat of Sli^o being in the bauds of the Irish, made a considerable struggle a-aiusJ tlie reduction of this territory to the arms of the English. Iretori, Crom- well's son-in-law, having joined with Sir Charles Coote, dismantled them in the year 165± Ballysadare, anciently Easdara. " Eas " means a cataract. The abbey was beautifully situated on an eminence commanding a view of the river Uncion, with its fall, and which, in the annals of the lour Masters, is called "the beauteous stream of the salmons." St. Eechin, who died of the great pestilence, A.D. 665, was the founder ot this monastery, which was endowed with a noble and beauti ful estate, called Tearnion Fechin, by O'JIara, lord of Lyney, extending from the river to the sea (at Trodhuy O'Eleugh), now lieltra. .\ear the beach or the banks of the strand are the ruins of an ancient monastic building, which was a nunnery of the same order, to wi:, canonesses of ^t. Augustine, and named Killdaloch. In this abbey of Bally sad -ire three iuindred monks usually resided. The walls of one church are perfectly entire. To the north of this elevated church, a much larger one with Its square tower, is still to be seen, but much dilapidated St '..hm, the founder of Bally,.adare, and gther monasteries, be- onged to the third class of Irish saints. The first was deemed most holy, the cecond class very holy, and the third holy ; the fii-st blazes as the sun, the second as the moon, and the third like unto the st'irs This eminent saint was a native of the territory in which St. Athrac- ta was born. Bile, in the barony of Lyney, is stated to have been the place of Ins birth His father was Coelcharna, a descendant of Eochad Fion, brother to the famous Co:, of the hundred battles, and his mother Lassair, who was of the royal blood of Munster. When grown un so as to be educated, he was placed under the care of St. Kathy, of Whonrv m whose monastery he made considerable progress in piety and learij mg. Having completed his studies and ordained a priest, ho left his own country, with a view of leading a retired life, and arrivin.. at Fob- har,in the county of Westmeath, he founded its monastery, hi which he presided over three hundred inonks, who subsisted, as well as their abbot, on the labor of their own hands, and were sometimes reduced to great distress. _ It is related, that Domnald IJ.. king of all Ireland, having marched with a great army into the country of the Southern Nialls, for the pur- pose of fixing the boundaries of their principality,- they applied to St. Fechin, who happened to be then at a place called Tiprada, not far dis- tant from the monastery of Foure. With their request Fechin complied. and iMs influence operated so powerfully on the mind of the king, ,vs to induce him to desist from further proceedings against the Nialls, between BXLKUSTIOAL insTOKV OP mELiSD. ^43 »hom and the H„g ho p,-oc,u.ed a perfect reconciliation. Hi, i„fl„ reeTjiSr;™-!' :L%r°"'r""' ^*°'' °' '■" «-"»*■ Who. Moeaaeh;.f:r:;K:tt::i::r:fH™:;a:rfr :;■'""' on perceiving that Feclun „i.hed for .nch a favor. S fl« eTofZ yonng „,an applied to the mint to ^kt her in procnri„"h f.! , .0 »-hon> he gave a goid tor„.e, which w« p,.Lrd ,' w' IT' kn,g, ,n order that she might .„ereb, purchase' her on' r 1 ^ ^ rceogn.»,ng tile present, the Icing returned it to her „, „ "'*■ °^ liberating her son, who .fter.vards embraced t le m'ni s,r" "T h„ hol,p.t™„. I„ ,ike manner he obtained t ,e eiS^e "I'idl a' brave md.tary man, from the joint liing, of Ireland TO ,"'""• * Blaithmae, and who on being ^dismissed'^Trom*:^' a^d Xn „pt co,,,,e of aprit, and he was so .^Z:;::Z22ZXt p^r ii';rtZi^::::'rti""-a:rotr"^':-: - '°"^- Without ref«hment, e„e/. U Tril^:^ Z^TV:: m,.acles are a.tr,b„.ed to l,im (see Imay, county of Galway lliis great samt died on tjie 20th of January A D ««/ T ■ • of opinion that he did not found the monasteZ'oTM, 'd 7"- " o,,.y erected a c,u,rch there. With evcr^rrs:: t" t ^^^ tor Lamgnn, he seems somewhat too sceptical in treatin,r of Jl! fT ancent ecclesiastical foundations of the countrv (s!f f of Galway.) wuntiy. (See Imay, county A.D. 1158, died O'Duilensn, dean of this abbey. He was a skilful antiquary, ajudge, and chieftain of the country '"'""'WW terat°' " '"' ""'""' """ '"'"""' '^ "■" ■"=" '^ ""J'"*" "'•> ^oy. A.D. 1188, it was again consumed by fire AD mi V T" ?'T"" O^Dnllerian, abbot of E:asdara. A.D. 1U4, MacDonagh, the abbot of Easda.-a, died at Ecme hav.g accompanied tlnther Wiliia. O'lletegan, bishop o El, lin '' A. D. UoO, died the abbot Edmund. ^ Of e1;^;„!'''' ''""'" '''''"^' ^'" "'^«*«^ ^-^--' -- -«ner, all ot which were in a state of ruin, and of no value, with two quarters of land near this monastery. Cavan-Ardawer, and the second called Carron in lawny, containing eighty acres of arable, pasture, etc., part of the pos- sessions of this abbey, annual value £i Os. Sd. sterling. AVhen it wns taken, the said lands were in the possession of Roger J5alla-h O'llara u priest. *= "» This abbey was granted to Richard Kvndelinshe. Craobhgrellain, in Carberry. Ht. Finnhm, of C:ionard, is said to have ounded this religious house, and to have boon succeeded by St Grel lain, the son of Is'atfraecli. It is now unknown. Druimederdaloch, in tiie barony of T-rerii', also aUribrted to St I'.num; also unknown, as well as the following, attributed to St Pa! trick : — ■ Druimnoa, in Gregaria, a te.Titory adjoining Lough Gara Drumclitfe, in the barony of Drumclitle, formedy a town of some Lanigan is not inclined to assign to St. Clumbkilie the merit of erecting the monastery of J)r„mdiilb ; he is only willing t., a.lmit a« he does with regard to St. Fechin, at Bullysadaiv, that St. C'uhimba only fonnded a church in this place. At the time in which not only Columba i:ourislu..i, but also that in which St. Fechin was cut off i,y the plague, the erection of a monastery was a work „f verv liflle delay especially when the people or the prince were pleased to 'sanction and assist in It. construction. The Abb(5 Mac(k.ogh.gan write., that the pie.y of the early Christians of Ireland was Nuch, that thoy not only gave food and (Hher necessaries lor the wants of their religious houBcs, but even dodl- KCCLE8IA8TICAL HISTOKT OF IRELAND. 647 cated some of their families to the service of God, as was the custom with the Jewish people. If the history of the foundation of Imay, Co. Galway, be correct, we are therein assured, that the holy founder waa at his monastery in Easdara, when admonished to seek the island of Imay, by an angel,— yet Lalhigan will not accord to hiin the erection of that establishment. A St. Thorian, a disciple of Culumba, who fol- lowed him afterwards to Ily, is named as having governed Drumcliffe, as the first abbot. It is again argued, that as a blank occure in the names of the abbots, until tlie year 921, St. Coluniba was not the founder. Drumclitle does not ajjpear to be singular in tiiis respect. Voids of the same sort occur in the succession of the bishops of our sees. Lanigan also urges the silence of Ware with regard to its foun- dation, iSzc. Ware is al.so siluut of the Dominican convent of Clonmel, one of far later date. Ware omifs the ancient monastery of Tirdaglas, founded by Columba, son of Crimthan. A.D. [121, died the abbot of Drumcliflfe, St. Tlioi-iaii or Thorannan. He was also abbot of Baiiclior, and was honored on the 12th of June. Died also this year the blessed Maoljjatrick Mac Moran. A.D. 930, died the abbot Moyngall, son of Becau. A.D. 950, died the blessed Flan O'Becain, archdeacon of Drumcliflb, a learned and celebrated scribe. A.D. 1029, This year Aengus O'lloengusa, archdeacon of Drum- clille, with sixty other persons, perished by an accidental tire in an island called Inislanne (territory of Carl)erry). A.D. 1053, Murchad O'lleoilain, ai'clideacon of Drumcliffe, died. A.D. 1077, died Murrogh OMJeoUan, comorb of Drumcliffe and St. rolnmb. A.D. 11S7, the abbey was sj)oiled by Melagldln, king of Meath. The wrath of Heaven soon overtook him, having been killed in a fort- uiglit after. A.D. 1225, died Amlavo 0']3e()llain, archdeacon of Drumcllffo, a man of cxtraorilinary ernditiiui, and in general esteem fur i)iety, wis- dom, and unbounded hospjiality. A.D. 1252, died in this abbey Maelnmidoc O'Baolhm, comorb of St. Columb, a venerable and hospitable man, and in universal estimation in Knglaiid and Ireland. A.D. 1410, this abbey was set on lire by a l»and of plunderers: the abbot Main-ico O'Coincoii perished in the Hames. A.D. 1503, died the ablmt O'lleolhin. Drunu'ulhunb, in the barony of Tirerill and north of Lou;;! ira. 'lliis church owed its origin to St. (.'ohnub. A St. Findhbar is ^...d to have been abbot of it. Drumrath, iu the buiony of Corran. St. Fechiu founded this cliurch 648 HCCLESIASTICAL HTSTOBY OF IBEXAND. or monastery. The memory of St. Enan, a hermit, one of the people of bt. BngKl, wiis connected with Drumrath. ^ AI). 1016, died the provost of Drumrath, Cellach Ilua Maohnidhe Eachenach, ,n the barony of Tir Oilill, near the sliore of Lou^h- Arrow St. Patnck left his disciple St. Mainius as b.shop at this p£ A holy well is also there, Avhich bea.^ the name of "Tobap Maino " Lmleachfada near Ballymote. St. Columbkil'. is said to afe Teen the founder, and an abbot, St. Enna or Endeus, a disciple of his nr^ ^ over this establishment. This saint is usually callii I 7'C dan ^ I. s memory wa. revered on the 18th of September Enachaird. See Caille. Glendalluin. See Caille. Inismoro .n island in Lough Gill and barony of Carbury St ti.e tit- I ''' "'■' "''^"^"'!^ ^''^'"^'"^ ^^ '^^ "'^-^-t-'^l fi'-e. in which ti.at uuHly and numy other rare curiosities, perished. ^ lliis Lsland, commonly called Ciiuroli-island is abont f«.« -i • ength and in souk, parts half a n.ilo in bread L the d .. d si " t^e east end of the island, and in former tin.es it wa H H ^l^ Inismurrav, an isliuid in tli- Wi.^tom. a j- »'"• Aoonlmj, ,„ ,„„|i,i .s, .M„,,.,|„,| 1,^, ' ,„ i"*,,.,, , ''" Ue..„ b„ne„ i,, ,„i. I., ,. ,„„ ;„. .J,',',; ;„ '^^ - by St. Mul,,,,,, „„,! „„, ,u„|i,„|,„| „, ,„„ Vir,-i„ 5[.,r,- TlieI)iiiu«H hmdod in this isl'iiid A t^ eo- i -.i ,. . ■-•.arity, set fire to the abljy. '""" ""' *''"'^ "^'^"^^«"'«d One of tho finest ecclesii^sfical oashell. nr.w romainin.. in r- i , nnd „, whi<,.l, .f,...„gth was obviou.Iy intondo.l is t u I m ""'' It is <.f an irregular round forn.. an.f nearl ' l. , i ";""".""'^- uirsr( and without bits a consiilorabl Att-en. ii is buiir oi uaip couient, and where not shaken by tho Atlantic hi e degree of rude art. It^j Vosscd lasts, exhi- gateway is quailranguhir, ECCJ£8IA6TICAL HISTORY OF fP'^LAND. 649 meaauring six feet two inches in height, four broad, and seven feet six inches in its jambs. There are a few cells under ground, which receive light, some of them from the top, othere through their sides. A statue of St. Molaisse is still preserved here : tliere are also two cliapels built with mortar, as well as the cell of St. Molaisse, which has a stone roof. One of tlie chapels, standing by itself, has an extraordinary window, whose arch is one rough crooked stone, in its original form. There is an altar in one of those chapels, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, The structures on this island, as well as those of Imay, in the county of Galway, give us an idea of the sort of monastic building erected in the early ages of the Irish church. In erecting such structures, there could have been no delay or expense, a circumstance which accounts for the great number of ciiurches and monasteries which are attributed to many of our Irish saints. lliis island is a rock rising from the sea, witli very high precipices towards the ocean : but they gently shelve, like steps, on tlie side oppo- site the land. It is i.ihabitod by a few ta.nilies, whose ancestors have held it in possession upwards of 700 years. Killchairpre, in the territory of Tirtiachra (Tireragh), which adjoins the river Moy. St. Ca.i.ro, called the son of Breca.i, eitiier founded or Jiad this chuioli dedicated to his memory. There were many saints of this name. Near or at Skurmore are the ruins of a church or mohiustery, at pre- sent known only as " Killnamanatrh.'' This property belongs at present to a Colonel Wingfield. " Skur- Tuore is a contraction of Sknrd-more," i. e. the great inundation, a name given to rc.ord an unusnal overilouing of the river Mov, tlie waters not having Kumcieiit egress tJin.ugh the old channel, whicli joined the bay of Killala opposite the town. Near the ruins of this ancient church, which is said to have been' erected A.I). :,i)0, k an eminence, sudiciently elevated to command a ].r<.spect wiiich no pen or tongue can describe. On it. smnniit, tlio exclamation of the Koyal IVal.nist would strike the beholder, when he was contemplating the wonders of creation and giving tlie glory to tlio Omnipotent— his imagination enraptured with the scenes beforo him, he cries out, " Ju-co mare niMgmim," 15t>h<.Id tlie great sea. Tliis eminence presents to the historic mind so many memorials of Ireland's glories— her sorrows and tiie struggles of her sons, that I shall endeavor to convey to tlio mind of !h-.. ivndor the charms of itn sifi.a- tion and the iirospects laid beforo the vision of the spectator. Let tho reader imagine hiniHi^lf in the centie of an immense crescent, or an amphitheatre, which nature has formed. Directing his glance north- f 650 EXJCLESIAS-nCAL' HI8T0BY OF TBELAKD. ward, he views the great Atlantic billows, wasliing the ocean cliffs of Donegal, and as if wasting their fury on those immense b^rriei-s of its iron-bonnd coast, and again receding, as if indignant at tlie conduct of thoughtless man, whose folly and whose crimes insult his bounteoi-s Creator. One of the valleys of this northern coast, by its name remmds him of the saintly dove of the Irish church, this valley bein.^ called Glean ColumbkiUe. Directing tlie vision towards the east, the magmticent Benbulbin, Knocknarea, and its vicinity, expand before the eye, and the mind traces' those spots which have been trodden by the footsteps of a Bron, a Loman, a iMolaisse, a Fechin and an Airendan. Agam, as the vision rests on the mountains of Tireragh, he is reminded of those days in which the hunted nnssionary found shelter in their caves and retreats, and which he often consecrated by his blood The fortresses of the plains bring to his recollection those bloody struggles by which the martial sons of Ily-Fiachra consigned to the dust the^car' cases of the Saxon invaders. Toward the southwest, Kophin appears which will be evci' dear to the future of Cath.^lic Ireland as the birth! place of John Machalo, the " Lion of the Fold " ; and as if behind tiie curtain, is viewed Croughpatrick, on which St. Patrick sent forth to the throne of the Eternal his fervent wi.hes for the people, who were as yet strangei-s to tlio light of faith. Still narrowing the view, the shrines of Tirawley, its sanctuaries, nionasteriea, tlie round tower of Killala, with its other reminiscences, lay before the mind the ancient glories of tiiat territory, as well as its sorrows ; for they have been transferred into the hands of those wJio revile tho saints, mock the faith which they preached and practised, and wlio by misrule and oppression mar the designs of creation, and who inflict the peoi.le with every crueltv, because" tliey have remained faithful to that creed which reminds the\.i)pressor of his misdeeds and of his treason to the religion of his fathers. And when the watei-s of the Afoy and those of the mighty Atlantic •commingle in the vast biusin before him^itn surface unn.lHed, smootli as the oil, and a summer sun dropping golden tints on those watei-s, reflecting the charms of tiio siu-rounding scenery, -could the spectator e-xclaim, " There is no God ! " Killaracht. The ceh'brated St. Afradita presided over this nunnory, which was near Lough Techet, now Lough (Jara. She is said to have been of a princely family, in Dalaradia, of Ulster. Jler father's name wasTalan, and brother to St. Coman, of Airdno CVjmhain. It is not easy to reconcile the place of her l.irfh with this relationship. According to some accounts, she was con tern pora»-y with St. Patrick. SS. Nuthy, of Achonry, and t'o.i.uic, brother of St. Evin, are also .Muid to have been living at the Kamo time with Atliracta. If m, she flou- rished in the si-xtli century. Her memory was revered hero on the 11th KCCLESIASTICAL HISVOKY OF lEELAOT). Q^l of August, the day which the Irish calendar assign to her festival In some foreign martyrologies her name appears at the 9th of February. Killanley, in the barony of Tireragh, and parish of Castleconnor Convenient to tlie modem burial-place is an ancient ecclesiastical struc- ture called Cashell, such as was at Ross or Inistorinor, in Tyrawley Tlie ancient church of Castleconnor was adjacent to the castle, and waa the parochial cemetery ; and as the mourning cries of the survivore for a departed relative sounded harslily on the ears of the Protestant holder of Castleconnor, the present wretched burning-place was given as a sub- stitute. The following record, found in the annals of the four Masters confirms what has been said of Killcairpre or Killnamanagli, about which Lanigan is sceptical, and also shews the former importance of tins part of Ily-Fiachra. A.D. 1438, the abbot of Killnamanagli and Nicholas O'Meeny, vicar of Castleconnor, died of the plague. It would then follow, that Castle- connor was dependent on Killnamanagh, as Dromard and Kilmacbhel- gan, and Corkagli or TeP..pleboy were subject to Aughross, jis the parent establishment. Killcoonagh. Sec monastery of, county of Galway. Killuathren, in the territory of Coran. llie memory of the virgin St. Luuthriii was honored here. It is now unknown. Kilmacoon, in the barony of Carberry, and tliree miles south of Sligo. It was formerly called Kosredheach. Flandubli, a dynast of the family of the lly Fiachra, gave to St. Diermit (of the same family) the whole tract of bind lying between Droilied Martra and IJruaglichean Slieve towards the west, and from Murbhucli of iiosbriii to Aillclmidhin; and the saint, in return, gavo Flaun his benediction, which extended to his latest posterity. It is now used as a cemetery. Kiiluanuiiii.gh, in the teiritory of Luigney. St. Fechin is said to . have founded tliis iiioiiasterv. V A.D. 842, died IJreasall, son of Aingne, the abbot of Kilbmmanagh. A void of nearly two hundred years occurs in the history of this church or of its sui.orioi-s— a fact which would incline some writers to deny that St. Fechin was flio founder. Tliere is no portion of Ireland in which the ecclesiastical traditions of the country are so correct as in the province of Connanght, bwauso the ancient language has been retained; nay, when the natives met, as was the custom, at the house of a favorite vijhiger or "Sheanaahee." iiiese tra.litions were narrated and wore tlius faitlifully handed down. KillniiHse, in the barony of Tirerill, and live miles south-eant of ^* hospital to the Cistercian abbey, about the year 1272. Dominican monastery. David Mackelly, archbishop of Casliel, who TOLESUSnCiL mSTOET OF IMLiM). (JJ was a Dominican, founded llii, obbev for frinr, of l; 1243, and .applied it f„„ a,, mo, In, o^ark 1771°'' ^•"• the order were held l,e«, i„ 1289 and 1307 "'"''"""' "' patron and founder, b/.'„ ins.r^^e "d M a' wT't' '","' A^D. U90, Wilham de Burgo was prior. Edward Brown was the last prior, and on the 8fh .f a ■, , t n.t,-fi.t of King Henry VIH., '.rendered thfri^' ' i^': *^^« church and belfry, a dormitory, a chan.ber with two ^ " ""7 " two orchards, and two parks of two acres all vvitlT ' '''''^' of no value, besides the reprises -and 1 1 Precincts, and and two aces of land wii? ' ^ ^"essuages, ten gardens, besides rcpris^s:!;:^ if I^in:""^^^' ^^ ''' ^^^^ -^-. yJ^i^iZTo^rzz irrethe^;:;"^ ?7' ^^'^^ ^^-' when de Burgo visited it Ti U "" '^ *^'' establishment ™ , ni, i;;„,rrBT::roi: -- ^^^^ °-' More abbey, called St. Mary's of the rock of Pn I • near the c^.c^,, and original^ ^undel Cb^^ ^ ^^ "^^^^ andt^ ^r;";^ Sr •^^' ^T^-^ ^'- - «^^'^ '- 1272, from the ab y of M^^^^ ^t^' ^^'^ !^« ^^'^^^^ A.D Imbit of that order. ' *' '^'' '"'"^ *""« «^»™«^ the AD. 1290, William, the son of Thomas of Fethard .« a on BKlerable grant to this abbey ' "® * ^^^- .^nd ...o „.i,U in C..„e,, «.e same Wi-n^rr^lL^Sr; A.D. 1313, Thomas was abbot. Patrick S,acl:bolI wa, ,l,e la,, prior or abbot. He ,„rre„de«d to .^,.«r;,.rden;.-;-tT^t;'tr^^^^^^^^ In 1501 these possessions were demised to Sir Kenrv RMff u Mzabeth, who, it secns. did no. ,o„, continue a fZrifetuh ti^^ ll It 660 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IBELAITO. virtuous queen, as they were, without rent or term, granted, A.D. 1576, to James Butler ; and again, in the forty-second year of lier reign, they wore given to Thomas Sim'iir, at the annual rent of 2s. Irish money. Silence has been too long observed with regard to the monster evil of Ireland. Toleration, forsooth ! is to be exhibited towards an estab- lishment that is supported by the strong arm of ascendaucy, and yet, if the truth be spoken or written on Protestantism, which is not in reality a religious system, but a compound of every vice and error, of false- hood and of plunder, the most enormous and the most impious, as tlie bishop of Meaux luis shewn in his history of the variations of the Pro- testant church, those who unjustly possess the property of others, and who squander that property in criminal indulgence in the saloons of London and of continental towns, proclaim the Catholics of Ireland idolators ; the assailants of this huge and monstrous system, wliich has deluged Europe wi'^h crimes of every shade and tm-pitude, as well as purpled her fields with blood, as disturbers of the public peace— as abettors o^ sacrilege, if a national adjustment be demaiuled ; the poor of Ireland, who were sharoi-s in this projjcrty, as drones, as iilthy and as idle— as public tniisauces, should they appear at the gate or the man- sion of that individual who both unjustly and sacrilegiously retains the wealth that was piously allocated to the wants of religion and the poor of f'hrist. Verily and indeed, every calamity of our dear isle, during the long night of onpressiou wliich luis been for three hundred years the yortion of Treland, is traceable to this fertile source of every evil, both social and luitional, for it has impoverlslied the country, and through fear of forfeiting its ascendancy, as the Catholics increased in strength and numbers, it has betrayed the cause of the country by bartering or sur- roiulering its legislative independence to tlie jealousy of the British government. Tlio noble ruins of Iloro abbey, seemingly, in its mute eloquence, uttering woe on the profaner, still remain, and nro for the most part entire. The steejde is largo, forming a scpuiro in the interior, about twenty feet, supported by a variety of ogives from each angle, souio nieetitig in an octagon in the centre, others at the koy-stones of tlio vault, and the structure is 8\ipportod by two fine arches, about thirty feet high. The choir, wliich adjoins the east side of the steeple, is about twenfy-nino feet long by twenty-four in breadth : Mie east window is tliK u!i1i>.uii1Im lire hoiiiu remains of stalls. Tho gVl! .11 i.'hi!!! : in tiiij uj navo is sixty feet in length, twenty-three in bn-adtli, having on each Bido an arcado of three gotliic arches, with lateral aisles about thirteen foot broad. Da tho south sido of tho stceplo is a siuall door, I ading ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 661 into an open part, about thirty feet long and twenty-four broad, the side walls of which are much broken. In the gable end is a long window • in this portion of tlic building there is a s.nali, low, arched apartment' which was used for the safety of the sacred utensils of the altars ' Hacket abbey. In the reign of King John. William Hacket founded this monastery for conventual Franciscans. A.D. 13G3, Maurice Ilainond was guardian, who was sued, with othei-s of his brethren, for cutting timber which belonged to Sir Robert Preston, knight, and removing the same by force. Not appearing, the eherifi" was ordered to attach them. A.D. 1538, the reform of the strict observance was received in this convent. Diermit, who was the last guardian, on the 4th of May, loiJO, de- mised to Walter Fleming, of Cashel, . messuage and form in the 'said townland, for the term of forty years, at the annual rent of 5s Irish money. In the thirty-first of King Henry VIII., he surrendered this friary, containing a church and steeple, a dormitory, hall, four cham- bei-s, a kitchen, and two gardens ; eighteen messuages, eighteen gar- dens, six acres of arable land and ten of moor, in Cashel, of the annual value of £3 10s. 2(1. The same good king granted this monastery, with its appurtenances, for ever, to Edmund Butler, archbishop of Cashel, to hold the same, in' capite, at the annual rent of 2fl. lOd. Irish A.D. 1757, the lofty and beautiful steeple of this church fell to tho ground. The church measured, east to west, one hundred and fifty-foet in length by twenty-tive broad. On the south side, oj.posite the centre, is a small chai)el, with niches, aud a handsome window, as at Uore abbey. A.D. 17S1, the groat eastern window and many other parts of tho abbey were pulled down by niuderu Vandals, wlio employed lhe mate- rials in private buildings. A.D. 1172, was held the synod of Cashel, convened at the request «.f rienry II., who assumed tho boasted character of reformer of tho abuses in the church of Ireland, but the wary reformer took earo neither to pro(bice his authority or allude to those flagrant vices wliieh he was to extirpate, though he gave orders that notice in duo form should bo sent to each of the metropolitans and tho bishops of tho kiiij?- dom. Be it borne in mind, tint neither CJelasius the primate, or any of tiu. irijt..i. i,!ui„>..o ..f» I. ..I ~ — ^ ..-^. — I — ^,, ,»-,j. j,..(_ The proceedings of this synod are related in tho hiatory of O'lluUi- can, then archbishop of Cashel. A.I). 1107, Adrian IV., Bupreme pontilfof the universal church, hy CC2 ECCLESUSTICAX HI8T0BY OF IBELAND. birth an Englishman, by name Nichohis Brocspeare, by education tho disciple of'Marianus, an Irishman, who taught the liberal arts at Paris and wiio was afterwai-ds a monk at Ratisbon, issued a brief to Henry II., by which the sovereignty of Ireland was conferi-ed on that monarch. It then lay in the cabinet of the English sovereign sixteen ycai-s without an attempt being made to give it effect or accomplish what the pontiff Lad intended, or what this royal reformer should have done for the good of religion and morals, if such had been the motive or the design which he had so much at heart. » Bull of the Pontiff Adiian IV. " Adrian, the jishop, the servant of the servants of God, to his most dear son in Christ, the noble king of England, sendeth greeting and apostolical lienediction : Your Magnificence hath been very careiul and Btudiuus how you might enlarge tlio cimrch of God here on earth and encrease the number of his saints and elect in heaven ; in that, as a good Catholic king, you have and do by all means, labor and travail to en- large and .-. .'ease God's church, by teaching the ignorant people tho true and Cliristian religion, and in abolishing nnd rooting up the weeds of sin and wickedness. And wherein you have and do crave, for your better furtherance, the help of the apostolic see, wherein more speedily and discreetly you proceed, the better success wo hope God will send, for all they which of a iervo'.t zeal and love in religion do begin and enterj)rize any such thing, shall no doubt in the end have a good and prosperous success. And as fur Ii^eland and all other islands where Christ is known and the Christian relignm received, it is out of all doubt, and your excellency well knoweth, they do all aj.pertain and beloi.:- to the right of St. Peter and of the church of Rome, and we are m mucii the -More ready, desirous and willing t.. sow tlie accei>table seed of God's Word, because we know the same in the latter day will bo most severely required at our hands. Y„u Inive (our well-beloved son in Christ) advertised and signiHed unto us, that you will enter into the land and realm of Ireland, to the end to bring them into obedience unio law and under your subjection, and to root out from among them their foul sins and wickedness ; aa also to yield and ay yearly out of evt'ry liouse, a yearly pension of one penny to St. Poter, and besides, will also keep ami deleiid the rights .)f these churches wliole and inviolate. We, therefore, well allowing an.l favoring this your godly disp..siti.Mi and commendable ntlection, do accept, ratily and assent unto this ycur petition; and do grant that you (for tiie dilating of (Jod's church, tho punishment of sin, the reforming of nuwuiors, jila.uing of virtue, and tho encreasing of Christiun religion) do enter to possess that land, and there to execute, according to your wisdt)m, what^ioever shall be for tho honor ECCLESIASTICAL mSTORT OF IRELAND. 663 of God and the safety of the realm. And furtlier dso we do strictly charge and require, that all the people of that land do with all humble- ness, dutifulness and homjr receive and accept you as their lice lord and sovereign, reserving and ex-pting the right of holy church to be inviolably preserved ; as also the yearly pension of Peter pence out of every liouse, which we require to be truly answered to St. Peter and the church of Rome. If therefore you do mind to bring your godly pur- pose to effect, endeavor to travail to reform the people t'o some hotter order and trade of life, and that also by yourself and by such othei-s as you shall think meet, true and honest in their life, manners, and coa- vei-sation, to the end the church of God may be beautiHed, I'le true Cliristian religion sowed and planted, and all other things dune, that by any means shall or may be to God's honor and salvation of men's souls, whereby you may in the end receive of God's hands the reward of ever- histing life ; and also in the mean time and in this life, carry a glorious fame and an honorable report among all nations." The following is the confirmatory brief of Alexander III. : "Alexan- der, bitihoj), servant of the servants of God, to his dearly belo;ed son, the noble king of England, greeting, grace and apostolic benediction. For as much as things given and granted upon good reason by our pre- decossoi-8 are to be well allowed of, ratified and confirmed; we well considering and pondering the u mt andpiivilege for and concerm'ng the dominion of the land of Ireland to us apj)ertaining and lately given by Adrian our predecessor, and following his steps, do, in like manner, confirm, ratify and allow the same; reserving and saving to St. Peter and to the cliurch of Rome, the yearly pension of one jicnny out of eveiy house as well in England as in Ireland. Provided also, that the barbarous people of Ireland, by your means, be refonned .:iid recovered from their filthy life and abominable convereation ; that as in name, so in life and manners, they nniy be Christians, and that, as that rude and disonlered church, l)y beitig by y(ni reformed, the whole nation may hIso with the possession of the name, be in acts and deeils the same." A.I). 117!), citations wore issued by the pontiff Alexander, conven- ing the third general council of Lateran. On this occasion tlie follow- ing Irish bishops sot out for Rome: the saiiiMy Linrcneo O'Toole, of I>nblin ; Catholicns, of Tnam ; Constantino O'Hrian, of Killaloe ; Felix, of Lismore ; Augu.stin, of Waterfonl ; and P.rietins, of Linnuick. I laving arrived at Rome, they wevo received A-ith nuirked attention, ])articularly the sainted Laurence, whoso jurisdiction over tlie suffragan sees of Loin- jifijr wu^ at tlsis tiiiu* {•oiifii'iiK'd bv A U^xiuidiM* Tir. The father of tlie faitht'nl, having Inul ati opportunity of cr, ;verning with Bomo of the lioads of the Irish diurcli, became at length convinced tliat in the confirmatory brief which he hud drawn up for llcnry, he C64 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF lEELAND. liad been grossly deceived, and that the terras which were employed in that official document were as severe as they had been unmerited and uncalled for. As a mark, therefore, of his feelings on the subject, he not only put into the hands of Laurence a brief conlirming his nietropo litan riglits, but moreover constituted him his apostolic legate through- out Ireland. In the discharge of his legatine functions, the holy bishop of Dublin had to encounter anxiety and trouble. The English eccle- siastics, whom the royal reformer Il^nry had sent over as well to recon- struct the " rude and disordered church of Ireland as well as to convert its barbarous people from their lilthy life and abominable conversation," were, it appears, a lot of grossly incontinent profligates, with few excep- tions, (See life of Albinus O'Mulloy, bisliop of Femes.) To the pious and sensitive mind of St. Laurence it was a severe trial to have such unworthy men in the Irish church, spreading the contagion of pernicious example. Anxious, then, to remove this crying scandal Avith which the church of Ireland had been unacquainted under a native hierarchy, and to aftbrd the father of the universal church an opportu- nity of judging the hopeful manner in which the church of Ireland was to be reformed by English nussionaries, St. Laurence sent one hundred and forty of them, who were convicted of incontinence, to Rome for ab- solution, though he was himself at tiie time vested with authority to release them from their censures. Such were the reformei-s of Henry IL, and, it appeai-s, that the claims of this monarch to the merit o.'a zealous upholder of discipline, morals and religion were i..m])aratively more dangerous to tlie interests of the church of God than the moral pestilence whicli his profligate ecclesiastics were difl'using jis the Upas-tree. The pontitt" Alexander exhorted the martyred Tliomas-i-Bccket to perseverance in his Arm and disinterested opposiition to the aggressions of Henry IL on tlie rights and imiminiti.'s of that national churcli of which Thomas was primate ; assured him, that nuiny of these customs had been condenmed, to which the king wisiied to establish a prescrip- tive right, and ordered him not to desert his post, as by so doing, ho would betray the cnusoof (Jod and tiie church This declaration of the ixintiif, while it conlirmed the con-tancy of the l)rimate, excited the indigmition of Henry to the extreme of ]»hretisv ; hi^ rage became swollen aa the agitated billi.w ; and tlie pontift', as we'll as tlie primate, was made sensible of !iis fury. H(« furbade any of his sub- jects to hold communicalion with either. This well-beloved .son of Adrian, who was to incroimo and diiato religion and righteousness ordered the proscription of all the goods and c-lmtfois of such ]»ersons as favored their cause. Tills ardent reformer made overt proposals to tlio anti-jmpe, (luy ; he rer of Le.nstcr, slew twelve hundred of the Danes in battle, and beforo°tho expirati of Ciishell, becnieathed to this abbey three ounces of gold and an ombroi. dered vost:nent. A.D. 1088, the town was plun.lered by Done!! ]\racLoghIin, king of Tirenim«l!, Riid Rotherie O'Conur, king of Coiuutught. A.D. 1116, Emly was again destroyed by fire. ECCLESIASTICAL HlflTOBY OF IBELAND. 66T A.D. 1123, the mitre of Saint Ailbe was burned by sacrile<'iou8 robbera. ** A.D, 1192, the church and town were again consumed by fire. Fethard, in the barony of Middletliird, and about six miles east of Cashell. A house of Eremites of St. Augustine, to whose inmates kin.^ Edward I. granted a full and fiee pardon, A.D. 1306, for having ac"- quired lands, contrary to the statute of mortmain. William Burdon, the last prior, surrendered his priory on the 8th of April, thi- y-first of king Henry VHI., then containing, within the site, a church and steeple, dormitory, hall, two chambers, a kitchen, two stables, cemetery, orchai-d, and two gardens ; also twenty-eight messuages, nine acres of land, one of meadow, with a mill and bakehouse in Fethard \ annual value, betudes reprises, 13s. 4d. ; eight acres of land, with four of pasture, in Crosseard, annual value, besides reprises, 6s. 8d. Jauuary 16th, thirty-fifth of Henry VHI., this monastery, with all its other appurtenances, besides those already enumerated, were granted for ever to Sir Edmund Butler, knight, at the annual rent of 58. Irish money. Uolycross, in the barony of Eliogarty, two miles southwest of 'Iliurles, and on the river Suire. Donagh Carbragh O'Brien, king of Limerick, founded this celebrated abbey in honor of the Holy Grossest. Mary and St. Benedict, for monks of tlie Cistercian order. A.D. 1182, Gregory was abbot, m which year the founder made several grants of land to this abbey. A.D. 1207, died in this abbey the eminent and illustrious Mathew O'Ueney, archbishop of Cashell and apostolic legate of Ireland, havin-r received absolution and extreme unction. " A.D. 1249, in a general chapter of the order, the abbot of Clairvaux, in Franco, sulgected this abbey to that of Furness, in Lancashire. A.D„ 1313, Tliomas was abbot. A.D. 1538, rhiUip Purcell was abbot. William O'Dwyer was the last abbot of Holycross. It was a daughter of Magio, in the county of Luiierick. The abbot was styled earl of Holycross, aud sat as a baron of parliament, and was usually vicar of tiie Cistercian order in Ireland. A.D. 15r)l), the gloat rebel O'Xeal, as Protestants call him, made a l.ilgrinuige lu the relic of the Holy Cross, which had been preserved in this abbey. In the ...ui of Elizabeth, the abbey, with two hundred and twenty acres of land in Uolycross, twenty acres in Tluirles, one hundred and eigiity acres in other places, parcel of its possessions, were granted to Gerahi, eari of Ormond. The architecture of this abbey was unusually splendid ; its very ruins, which to tl" duj occupy u considerable space, evince the former grout- C68 ECCLE8USTICAL HISTORY OF lEELAND. nes8 of this celebrated establishment. Its steeple, supported by an im- mense gothic arch, with ogives springing diagonally from the angle« has been greatly esteemed. The choir is forty-nine feet broad, and hfty.' eight long, with lateral aisles. On the south side of the choir are two chapels intersected by a double row of gothic arches, and on the nortli side are two other chapels tinJshed in the. same style as the former. The river Suire flows near the base of those extensive and ma<.nilicent i'uins. " luchnameov. See Monaincha, in this county, Inislaunacht, alias Surium, in the bi.'runy of Offii and Iffa, on the banks of the Suire. St. Mochoemoe or Pulcherius is said 'to have founded this abbey, which he dedicated to the Virgin Mary. See Leath- more, King's county. A.D. 1184, this monastery was refounded by Donal O'Brien, king of Limerick, and endowed with the assistance of Malachy O'Foelan, prince of the Decies. This house must have been in existence some time before it was re- built or refounded, as we hud Congan abbot of it in the year lUO. This eminent m.m became in the twelfth century the reviver of monas- tic discipline in the South of Ireland, and for his learning and exalted virtues obtained a very high rank among his contemporaries. The opinion which St. Berna.u had entertained of Congan's talents and ac- quirements, was vary great, and with his assistance in collecting mate- rials, the holy-abbot of Clairvaux luu! been enabled to compile his com- prehensive and esteemed life of St. Malachy, Among other mn,ttei-s, St. Bernard, in the preface to that work, observes, " In compliance with your commands, my reverend brother and sweet friend, abbot Congan, and in obediei.ce to the wishes of the whole church of Ireland, recptest- ing, as appeal's from your letter, a plain history, without the embellish- ments of eloquence, I will undertake it, and endeavor to be clear and instructive, yet not tedious. I am satisfied as to the truth of the narra- tive, having received my inlbrmation from you, whom I cannot suspect to relate anything of which you had not certain knowledge." Hence it appeai-8 that the materials lor this woik had been sup[.liod by Con.ran and consequently the scandalous abuses to which St. Bernard alludes must have been those which occurred in particular districts of Ulster the congregations in the South, and specially in Coii-an's locality' having been at that time both ordeily and edifying. Congan has ai^o published the Acts of St. Bernai'd, and several epi.slle! addressed to that saint. This virtuous and eminent abbot died about the year 1102. "^ A.D.dS.'lS, Marian O'Bryde, archbishop of Cashell, died and was in- terred in this abbey. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 669 A.D. 1239, a new colony of monks, from Furnes, in Lancashire, arrived here. A.D. 1311, Richard was abbot. In the nineteenth of Elizabeth, the possessions of this singularly beautiful building, which consisted of one thousand nine hund.red acres of land in the counties of Waterford and Tipperary, ten messuages, eleven cottages, with other appurtenances, were granted to Cormac "Mac Carthy, at tlie annual rent of £24 Irish. They were afterwards granted to Edward Geogh, Mary ]i?s wife, and their heirs, at the same rent. Ivilcomin, in the barony of Kilnelongurty, nine miles west of Holy Cross. Pliilip de Worcester, who was chief governor of Ireland, A.D. 1184, founded the priory of Kilconiin, which he supplied with Benedic- tines from the abbey of Glastonbury, in Somersetshire. It was dedicated to St. Pliilip, St. James, and to St. Comin. Jame^, one of the brethren, was appointed the first prior. It became a ruin in the reign of Henry VIII. Killcooly, in the barony of Slievarda and Compsey. Don^igh Car- bragh O'Brien founded this abbey for Cistercians in the year 1200, and dedicated it to the Virgin Mary. This house, which according to other accounts was built in 1209', was subject to the abbey of Jerpoint. A.D. 1341, Thomas O'Koarke was abbot. A.D. 1539, an annual pension of £5 sterling was assigned toTliomas jiliortall, the last abbot. Tlie possessions of this abbey consisted in lands of 698 acres, twenty- iwo messuages, twenty gardens, two rectories, annual value £11 13s. 4d., with other appurtenances ; all of which were gianted to Thomas, earl of Orinond. Killcooly is now the seat of Sir William Barker, bart. Killmore-aradthtire, in the barony of Upper Orinond, and four miles south of Ne'iagh. An ancient abbey, founded A.D. 540. It is now a parish conventicle. Killinenallagh, in the barony of Lower Ormond, and seven miles northeast of Nenagh. In the reign of king Henry VI. a monastery wai founded in this place for Gray Friai-s, which afterwards belonged to the third order of Franciscans, November 27th, thirty-fifth of Henry VHL, this friary of Killalye, with three messuages, five acres of arable, one of marsh, and the site of h water-mill, was granted for ever to Dermot Ryan, at the annual rent of 4d. Irish money. Latteragh-Odran, in the barony of Upper Ormond. See Desert- Odran, Queen's county. Lorrah, in the barony of Lower Ormond. and three miles from the 670 ECCLESIASTICAL L'lSTOBY OF IRELAND. nver Shannon. The eminent St. Riadan was the founder of this mo "astery He is said to have been of noble extraction. His birth i^ assigned to the early part of the sixth century, as he studied under the great St. Finnian, of Clonard, and was reckoned among his chief disci' pl^. H^ was abbot of Lothra before the death of Kieran of Sai^he and had probably founded it about the year 550. St. Ruadan died i^' 684, and his festival was held on the 15th of AprU. Some wri.inc! Lave been attributed to this saint. ^ A.D. 652, died the abbot Cailknie. A.D. 708, died the abbot Colman Mac Sheaghnasey A.D. 783, died Colomb Mac Faelgresa, cah. J the Bishop A.D 840, Turgesius, the Danish tyrant, burned and destroyed the town and the churches. »"yjea tue A.D. 864, died the abbot and bishop Dinearlagh. A.D. 888, ^ied the abbot Maolgorgais. A.D. 946, died the abbot Core, son of Coinligan. A.D. 1106, died the abbot Moelmuire O'Scoly. A.D. 1154, an accidental fire destroyed this abbey. A.D. 1157, a similar calamity befell it. A.D. 1179, another fire destroyed the town nobtman.''^' '''' '"' '"'''' "^'"'' '''^'"*^' ^ '''"'''''''' '^^ g«"«'««« The hand of St. Ruadhan was preserved in a silver case in this abbey until the time of its suppression. ^ Dominican friary. Wahor de Burgh, earl of Ulster, founded this monastery A.D. 1269, in honor of St. Peter the Martyr a Dominica who w. placed on the calendar A.D. 1253, eleven montlfs Lfter his d^ A.IJ. 1301, a general chapter of the order was held here A.p 1688, James the Second on the throne, a general chapter was held at Lorrah, at which 150 members of the order attended ^ When the "Hibernia Dominicana" w ^^ npiled, James Ruddock esq^ure, who lived convenient to the abb^ i„ possession of its pr. rVT^^^^^^"'^''' """^ ''"'^ *"'" "^ ^■'' ^^^^'^^ remaining, Bernard OLoghlin, the prior, and Hyacinth O'Kennody, who in 1758 beZe Monaincha alto, Inchnameobh, in the barony of Ikerin. Tlie situa- bunt .on" rT"7 """" ""'^ ""^"'"'•- • '^'^ '«'«»d «" ^vhich it was but, consists of about two acres of dry ground, all the surrounding «n.f „r ■''.•J, T" =^-""^^'^ accessiDie; and yet on this insular Bpc^abeautitul monastic edifice was erected; not large, but constructed In so fine a stylo and with such materials a« excites wonder ho«r they BOCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF lEKLAND. 671 could have been broiiglit hither. Surely then, tlie monks, who took care to have such a structure built, and who dedicated themselves to a lite of prayer, solitude and contemplation, could not have been these idle and indolent drones an Protestant writers represent them. The length of this church is forty-four feet, by eighteen broad. The arches of the choir and the western portal are semicircular, and adorned with a variety of curious moldings. Of this abbey Geraldus Cambrensis speaks, placing before his read- ers extraordinary legends, not worth the trouble of noticing. As the vapors arising from the marshes rendered the air insalubrious, the monks removed to Corbally, a place not far from it, without the lake, where they became canons regular of St. Augustine, under the name of St. Hilary or St. Mary. A.D. 113, died in this island Maolpatrick O'Dugan. It seems that women were not permitted, as in other monasteries, to enter the precincts of this island abbey. Its property in land profitable and moor or waste, consisted of 303 acres, besides rectories and other appurtenances ; all of which good Queen Elizabeth granted to Sir Lu- cas Dillon. Moylagh, in the barony of Offa and Iffa. A monastery was founded here, under tli-i invocation of St. Brigid, for black nuns of the order of St. Augustine. At the general suppression, it was granted to Sir Henry RadclifFe. Nenagh, in the barony of Lower Ormond. About the beginning o* the year 1200, the hospital called St. John's was founded for Augustine canons, who were constantly to admit the sick and infirm. It appears that Theobald Walt<=i- the fii-st butler of Ireland, was the founder ol mis house, to which lie granted six carucates and fortv acres of land in Keremath : one carucate and a half near this place, four carucates and forty acres in the townlands of Cloncurry, Lesrony, Bal* nath, and Beelderg, under certain conditions. These canons were allowed to choose their own prior, to erect fish ponds, pools ai:'^ mills on the said lands, for themselves and tenants. Thady O'Mara was the last prior. In the reign of Edward VL tlie possessions of this hospital consisted of 610 acres of land, with their appurtenances, bet-ides roctorios, inclusively worth ^627 5s. 4d. The good Queen Elizabeth, in the fifth year of her reign, made a grant for ever of all tliis property, to Oliver Grace, at the yearly rent of £30. Franciscan friary was founded in the reign of King Henry III., by one of the Butlers, or, as others say, by O'Keiuiedv. A.D. 1344, a provincial chapter was held here. A.D. 1352, Loitl Thomas de Cantwell, a great and munificent bene- factor to this house, was interred here. 673 BX;CLESIASTIOAI, niSTORY OF lEELAKT). A.D. 1550, O'Carwill burned the friary and the town, but the castJo ■waa preserved by the garrison. At tlie suppression. Queen Eh'zabeth granted a lease of this abbey to P^bert Collum, for the term of fifty years, including other grants at the yearly rent of £22 17s. 8d. Irish money. * ^ This horse was considered one of the richest foundations in the kingdom, belonging to the order. Roscreft, in the barony of Ikerrin. ot. Cronan, of Roscrea, was a native of Ely-0'Carroll, in Munster; his father, Oran, was of the sept of this territory, and his mother, Coemri, of that of Corcobaschin a district m the west of the present county of Clare. Having attained a proper age for embracing the monastic state, Cronan, taking with him his maternal cousin, Mobai, went to visit some holy men in Connau^^ht and stopped at a place called Puayd (now unknown), where he was soon joined by several pious persons, with whom he led a monastic life After some time he left that place, and went, togetlier with Mobai to CIoni..acnoi8, where he did not long sojourn. Soon after, he com nienced the erection of several religious houses, in one of which at lusmag, (Garrycastle, King's county,) he spent a considerable time Having surrendered this establishment to some monks, St. Cronan re' turned to his own country, and erected a cell near the lake or marsh called Loughcree, which cell obtained the name of Seanruis. Here St Molua of Clonfert-molua, visited Cronan, £.nd demanded of him the hol'v eucharist, which he might take with him, as was the practice of ancient times, with holy persons, to send or g.ve it in token of communion and brotherly love. The period of St. Cronan's sojourn at Seanruis is not recorded but the cause of his leaving is said to have been the distress which some strangers who came to pay him a visit, endured, not being able to fand out the cell, and who were, in consequence, obliged to remain wan- dermg about a whole, niglit, without food or shelter. Cronan was so displeased, that he resolved on abandoning -that lonesome and solitary spot, and on removing to the high road, where he erected a la-ge mo- naster", which, in coui-se of time, grew up into the town of Roscrea In . !8 new foundation he spent the remainder of his life, employed in good works, and most highly esteemed. On one occasion he protected by his prayers, the people of Ely against the fury of the men of Ossory' On another, he assuaged Fingen, king of Munster, who was intent on punishing severely, the people of Meat!., on account of some horecs that had been stolen, and who had already marched with an army for that pun^ose ft-om Cashel, as for a. Ely Thi^ king had a great v«.iera- tion tor the saint, who, when very ohi and blind, visited the prince at Cashel. When returning to Roscrea, ronan was accompanied by tho ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOET OF lEELAND, 673 king in person, and by the chief nobility of the country. Not long after, having h\o^-oc\ hia people of Ely, and received the holy eucha- rist, he died on a 28th of April, in either 619 or 626. A.D. 800, died the abbot Fiangiig. A.D. 816, died the abbot Dioma Mac Fiani-iisa. Colgan, in his acts of the Irish saints, gives the following quotation, from an old w.iter, of the life of St. Cronan :— " The blessed father, Cronan, reqnestt % certain scribe to make him a copy of tlie four evangelists. Now this writer was called Dimma, and was unwilling to write for more than one day. Tlien, savs the saint, write until the £un ^oes down. Tliis the writer promised to do and the saint placed for him a seat to write in; b i by divine grace and power, St. Cro caused the rays of the sun to shine forty days and forty nights in . : place, and neither was the writer fatigued with continual labor, nor c i he feel the want of food, or drink, or sleep, and he thought the forty days and nights were only one day, and in that period the four evangelists were indeed not so well as correctly written. Dimma having finished the book, felt day and night as before, and also that eating and drinking and sleeping were necessary and agreeable, as hitherto. And he was then informed by the religious men who were with St. Cronan, that he had written for the space of forty days and nights, without darkness, whereupon they returned thanks to the power ■ of Clirist." This Dimma was a relative of St. Cronan, whose grandfather was Nathi. At the end of the book, Dimma calls himself the son of Natlii. The copy of the Evangelists written by Dimma has comedown to those our days, in very tolerable preservation. It has been kept in a brass box, richly plated with silver, which Thady O'Carroll, chief of Ely C'Carroll, who lived about the middle of the twelfth century, caused to be gilt, and Donald, bishop of Killaloe, repaired about the year 1220. Sir William Betham gives an account of this manuscript in his L-ish an- tiquarian researches. A.D. 827, died Ciaran, a philosopher of this abbey. A.D. 900, Cormac MacCullenan, bishop of Cashel and king of Munster, ordered by will, that his royal robes, embroidered with gold and enriched with precious stones, should be deposited in this abbey. A.D. 1047, died O'Baillen, professor of Roscrea. A.D. 1133, Roscrea was destroyed by fire. A.D. 1161, died Isaac O'Cuanan, styled bishop of Roscrea. A.D. 1174, died Conaig O'llaengnsy, superior of the canons ot Koscrea. Near the ancient church oi St. Cronan is a fine round tower, fifteen feet in diameter, with two steps round it at the bottom. About fifteen 43 6H ECCLKSIASTICil, HI8T0RY OF IRELAND. feet from its base is a window, with a regular ai-ch, and at an equal height is another window, with a pointed arch. When digging tlie foundations of a new church, some years ago, the workmen found a slab with " Cronan " inscribed upon it. ^ Franciscan friarj was founded about the year 1490, by Mulriiany O'Carroll, who married Bibiana, the daughter of O'Dempsey. Otl'iei-a say that Bibiana was tlio foundress after she became a widow. By an inquisition, taken the 27th of December, A.D. 1508, it was found, that the precincts of this monastery contained two acres, ou which the house of the friars was built, with a dormitory, hall, 'the prior's chamber, a chapel, cemetery, garden, two orchards ; and iii tiie lands of Roscrea thirty acres of arable and pjvsture : the church was I)arochial ; and a third part of the rectory of Roscrea, and the altera-es thereof, with the tithes of the above thirty acres, did belong to it. The vic-vr who served the church received the said tithes and alterages. Tlie whole was granted to Thomas, earl of Ormond, who assigned them to William Crow. Thurles, in the barony of Eliogarty, and is situated on the river Suire. A.D. 1300, the fauiily of Butler Ibuudcd a moiuistery for Car- melites. When the religious houses were suppressed, Donagh O'llowlcglmn the last prior, was found seized of his monastery, with a church, ohnp.' ter-1' ise, throe chambers, a stable, two gardens, of one acre ; also ten acr. of arable land, -.-ith four of i)iusture (the great measure), in Thiu'lcs • annual value, 13s. 4d., besides reprises. ' This monastery, with its appurtenances, was granted to Thomas, oarl of Ormond. Knights of St. John of Jerusalem. According to tradition, tlio castle erected hero belonged to those knights. Tipperary, in the barony of Clan-William, gives name to the county. Tlie Eremites of St. Augustine were her.) established iu the reigu of king Henry III. A.D. 1321), O'Biien burned this town. Donagh O'Cuyrke, the hwt i)rior, surrendered to the inquisifoi-s of Henry VIII., being then seized of the same, his church, chiipter-housd, donnitory, hall, two chambers, un inner chamber, kitchen, stable, coiuc- tcry, garden, with twuiity-threo messuages, thirteen gardens, forty-loiir acres of arable land, a mill and diim in Tipperary; and eight acres <.f arable, ten of piustnre, with their appurtenances, in Clonfud ; aiuuml value, bosiiles reprisos, 208. Irish money. Henry Vlll. granted this priory and its possessions to Dermot Ryan, for over, at the annual rent of 8d. Irinh mrncf . Tirdauhi.^, in the barony of Lower Ormond, and on tho ban'a of ECCLESIASTICAL mSTORT OF IRELAND. 675 tough Dierg. Saint Columba, son of Crimthan, was the disciple of the gi-eat Finnian, of Clonard, and was the person who administered to liim the last rites of tlie cluirch. Columba was of a noble or princely family of Leinster. Having completed his studies, he imdertook the direction of thi-ce disciples, Coemhan, Fintan, and Mocumi.i, who followed him whithersoever he went. It is related, that, liaving spent some time to- gether in other places, they remained a year at Clonenagh. Columba did not form any establishment there, but after he had left to go else- where, and on looking back on it from the adjacent mountain, he thought it an eligible site for the erection of a monastery, and advised his disciple Fintan to settle there, which he accordingly did. Soon 'ilv-.x' relinquishing that place, Columba founded the celebrated monas- tery of Tirdaglass, probably about tiie year 548. He did not long survive to superintend its affairs, as he died A.D. 552. Tlie 13th of December is assifrned as the day of his death. He was buried at Tirdaglass. A.D. 584, died the abbot St. Mocumin. lie was the brother of SL Coemglien, of Glendaloch. The first of May is assigned for his death. Ho is also buried in the monastery of Tirdaglass. A.D. 625, died the abbot St. Colman Stcllain. A.D. 801, Clemens was abbot. A.D 838, died the anchorite of Tiidaglass, St. Moyle Dichru. He was usually styled the Sage, and is said to have uttered many remark- able propliecies. A.D. 842, tlie Danes slew Hugh MacDuffe Dachrich, abbot of Tir- daglass. His festival is held on the 8tli of Jul}-. A.D. 890, the alibot and bisiiop Maelpeadar MacCuan. A.D. 927, the abbot Feargill died at Rome, on his pilgrimage. A.D. 1099, died the abbot O'Lunnergaii. A.D. 1 1 12, this a!,l)ey was destroyed by fire. A.D. 1140, Tirdti glass was biirnod by the people of O'Mar}', who, with their accimtomed barbarity, destroyed the shrine of the saint. A.D. 1102, again consumed. To(.mo, in the barony of Killnomanna. A priory of canons regular existed bore, which was dodieated to St. Domnan, or according to other accounts, to the Virgin Mary. St. Kieran, going to found the monastery of Clonmacnoisc, left Dom- nan in core of h's establishment Aingin or Angina, an island of Lougli- ree. St. Domnan was honored at Toomo, as patron. Tliia monastery of Toome wrs urprnuent on Moiuunchii. A.D. 1325, the giiardian of this house was sued by the prior of Conall for tho advowson of the church of Atlieueuiedelc, iu thia coutity. 676 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAin). King TIenry VIII. secularized, queen Elizabeth dissolved, and her apostate Miler MacGrath, archbishop of Cashell, held it, with its appur- tenances, for the term of tweuty-one years. CHAPTER LXII, COUNTY OF TYRONE. AiRECAL Dachiaroc, whose situation is now unknown, was an an- cient abbey. A.D. 805, died the abbot Moelfogartach, the son of Aedgal. A.D. 837, died the abbot Coalluch Mac Coigry. Ardboe, in the barony of Dungannnn, and two miles west of Lough Noagh. St. Colinan, the son of Aid, founded a noble and celobratod monastery liere, Ilis relics were long preserved in this abbey. His festival was observed on the 21st of February. A great many saints of this mime have adorned the Irish church. A Colman, disciple of St. rutrick, wearied with thirst and fatigue in getting in the harvest tlirough fear of infringing on the fast, would not even diink a drop of water to refresh himself, so that it caiised his death. This Column vas buried near the cross fronting the new church, imd was the lirst whose remains were deposited in the burial-ground of Armagh. A.D. 1103, Murchad O'Fhiilhecau, dean of this abbey, and a doctor In'gh in esteem for wisdom and learning, died in pilgrimage at Armagh. A.D. 1100, Rory O'AIornu did so destroy this abbey by lire, that it iniinedlately fell to decay. There are still the walls of nn old church, witli n cross, in good pre- servation, al»out lifteen feet in height, on which are several in8crii)tions. Ardstraw, in the barony of Strabane, on the north of the river Doirif. See (iiocoso of Dorry. St. Eugene was bishop of this ancient sop. Tlio festival of Eugeno was observed on the ii3d of August. His n. By un inquisition taken in 1C03, it was found tl -it this friary was seized of a quarter of land and a half adjacent thereto, of the annual value of (3s. Irish money. It was granted to Sir Henry Piere. Fubbal, a monastery for Franciscans of the third order was erected here in the fifteenth century. In the twenty-eiglith of Elizabeth, this house was seized of three quurtei-s of land adjacent thereto, annual value Is. Cd. Irish money. It was also granted to Sir Henry Pioi-s. Strabaue, on the river Foyle, gives name to the barony. A Fran- ciscan monastery existed here, of which there is no account. Trelick, in the barony of Onuigh. Conry informs us that therg was on abbey at Trelickmoro in the year G13. BXXa:,ESU8TICAL HISTOET OF IBELAKD. 67D CHAPTER LXn. COUNTY OF WATEaFORD. AcnADDAOAiN. St. Dagan, the brother of St. LIbba, of Glendaloch, and of St. Menoc, usually called Dagan of Inverdaoile, in Wexford, M'here he governed that monastery, is said to have been the disciple of St. Pulcherius, of Leathrnore, who took his pupil under his care, wheu but a small boy. He remained for many years at Liathmore, until be- coming duly qualified, atid approved by his licly preceptor, he formed the establishment of Inverdaoile. Dagan is said to have made excur- sions to other countries, and to have visited Rome. He Wiis promoted to the episcopacy before the death of St. Molua, probably about the year 600. His see was called Achad-Dagan, which seems to have been another name for Inverdaoile, or a part of it. St, Dagan was an ardent supporter of the Irish practices relative to the paschal question. His zeal on this point was so great, that on the occasion of a visit to Britain, and meeting with Lawrence, archbishop of Canterbury, and other Roman missionaries, he refused not only to eat in their company, but even under the same roof with them. Not- withstanding his warmth of temi)er in this respect, he is represented aa a man of a very mild disposition, and was greatly esteemed for hia sanctity, as appears from his having been consulted by St. Molua on the choice of a successor, and from, it is said, his having performed many miracles. St. Dagan died on the 13th of September, A.D. CIO, and was buried at Inverdaoile. Ardmoro. See diocese of nio holy bishop, St. Declan, tlie founder, died A.D. 527 St. ritan, son of Ere, 8)iccoo(ied. it seems, only as abbot. Ho waa the disciple of Declan, and had Ikhmi, before lie was called to Ardmoro, at the monastery of Coning, a }>laco near Clonmel. Concerning hia transactions, little or nothing else is known. A.D. 1174, the abbot Eugane was n subscribing witness to the charter granted to the monastery of Finbhur, in Cork. 680 ECX3LESIASTICAL IIISTOEY OF IRELAND. W A.D. 1203, died Moel-ettrira O'Duibho-rathra, who, liavin.. erected and finislicd tlie church, became bishop of Ardmore. The remains of two ancient cluirches are still to be seen here-one on a chft near the sea, in ruins, the other about a mile north-west of the ormer and is very ancient. A handsom. gothic arch, separating the body ot the church from the chancel, yet renmins, and the pilla.^ sun portmg It denote the antiquity of the building. On the west end of tns church are figures in alto relievo, done in free-stone, venerable through then- antiquity, viz. : Adam and Eve, with the tree and ser! pent; the Judgment of Solon.on. There is also a fine round tower un wards of one hundred feet in height and fortytive in circundbre'nce In the churchyard is a small low building called the dormitory of St' Declan. "^ * Ballivony, in the barony of Decies without Drun., and in the parish o btradbally. t ,s supposed that the knights Hospitallers possessed this bnildmg, which mousures one hundred and fifty feet in len.^th bv ninety broad. There are' the remains of several large out-ofHcl the ground plan of which resembles that of a religious edifice. Bewley, in the barony of De.nes without Drum, and in the parish of Killmohush, and two miles south-ea.t of Lismore. The ruins of -i mo- nastic building are here, which, it is said, belonged to the knights of bt. John, ot Jerusalem. Baillendesert in the barony of Upporthird and parish of Desart. St. Mauloc, o Perns, built an abbey here, of which there is no account See diocese of Ferns. Cappagb, in the barony of Decies without Drum, pari.h of White- church, and about three miles west of Dungarvan. Here are the re- Zpitl.*^ '"""'" ^"'^'^'"^^' '"'^ '' ^'''" ^'^'"'^''^ ^" '^'' ^'-''y'''^ Carrickbog, in the barony of Upperthird, and parish of Desart A moimsterywas founded here for conventual Franciscans, in the year 13oG, by James, earl of Ormond, and the fii-st friar was a-hnitted on Saturday the festival of SS. I'oter ami Paul. Stephen . 685 composed of many cells divided from each other, every monk providing for himself; thus differing from the Csenobium, in which the inmates lived in society and possessed all things in common, St. Cornelli, a virgin, whose cell was situated in this place, foretold to St. Carthag the future importance of his establishment at Lismore. A.D. 702, the school of Lismore was in the zenith of its reputation. A.D. 703, died the abbot Ronain. A.D. 755, died the abbot Condath. In 778 died the anchorite Suar- leeh. A.D. 812, the town was plundered. A.D. 831, the Danes plundered and sacked Lismore. A.D. 833, they renewed their ravages. A.D. 903, Cormack Mac Cullcnan, king of Munster, bequeathed to this abbey a gold and silver chalice and a vestment of silk. A.D. 913, the Danes plundered the abbey. A.D. 936, died the abbot Ciaran. A.D. 1040, died Corcrau Cleireach, the celebrated anchorite : he was a famous divine, and so greatly excelled all western Europe in religion and learning, that every contest throughout the kingdom was referred to his decision. A.D. 1095, died the anchorite Scanlan O'Cnaimsiglie. A cell for an anchorite belonged to the church of Lismore, and was endowed with the lands of Ballyhaiisy, a burgage in Lismore, six stangs of land, a field and two small gardens ; the whole of the value of £10. A.D. 1135, Domnhal O'Brien, king of Dublin, died a professed monk in this abbey. A.D. 1154, Teige Gille died in this abbey. "Was a man held in gen- eral esteem for purity of manners. A.D. 1173. This year Raymond and Earl Richard (Strongbow) wasted and plundered the Dccies. Lismore suffered ootisiderably, and the spoilers, admirable reformci's iiuleed ! extorted a large sum from the bishop to prevent the church from being burned. Strongbow sent the spoils by sea to Waterford, under the convoy of Adam de Hereford, whom Gilbert, son of Turgesius, the Danish king of Cork, with a fleet of thirty-five sail, pursued. The Danes were defeated and Gilbert him- self slain. A.D. 1174, tho son of Strongbow plundered Lismore. A.D. 1178, the English forces plundered and burned Lismore. A.D. 1207, Lismore with its churches was wholly consumed by an acciUoiilui fire. Hospital. Tlio lands of this hospital were unknown at the time of the suppression. It was founded for lepera, under the invocation cf St. Brigid. i 686 ECCLBSIASTICAL HISTORT OF rRET.iND. Molana, a small island in the river Blackwater, anciently called Dann.. fet Molanfide founded this ,ao„a.tery in the 6th Lntur, St. Fmnmn ot Clonard, when thirty years old, visited the venerable S^' Camian ot Darnns. Here «No the founder of Ross lived for eome time' See Fachtnan, diocese ^f Ross. Breccan is said to have been abbot of Darinis in tlie seventh cen- coi w!x!;::.^" '''-' -' ^^'"^^' '''- '-^ - ^^ ^----^^ - the Raymond le Gros, who, with Strongbow, plundered Lismore. is said to have been interred in this island. elected^' '''^' ^^''''' '^^ ^^^''' ^'"'"'^ ^^'^' ^^'^'P ^^^^^'y^ ^as A.D. 1309, John was abbot. A.D. 1350, Dionysius was abbot. of ltd '''^' '^" '^'''' '""^ ^'^"""^ '^^ ^'"^^^-"^^ ^«^ t^^"-^^ «'^™cates On the suppression, queen Elizabeth granted this abbey and its pos- Besaun. to Sn- Walter Raleigh, who assigned them to the earl of cir The nave and cho.r of this abbey still remain. A>n Digby, Esq. Hospital of St. Stephen. Tliis hous^- was founder for lepers, which the family of Power endowed. Jolin, earl of Morton, confirmed this edifice to tlie poor of the city. Priory of St. John the Evangelist. John, earl of Morton, arrived at Waterford in the year 1185, when he founded this priory for Benedic- tines; confirmed to tlicm certain lands; in tlie cluirter which he gave, it is called his alms-house, and it was made a cc.l .o *he abbey of SS. Peter and Paul, in the city of Bath, Somersetshire. Peter de Font«i was a munificent benefactor to this house. ^ A.D. 1202, King John granted letters of proteccion to the monks ol this house. A.D. 1260, Tliomas was prio". A.D. 1315, King Edward II. granted a charter to thisprioj/. Sir Nicholas Bath was the last prior. liio possessions of this house wore extensive, rnnsi^tin"- of sixteen carncatcs of land, value one marc ($25) each ; 212 other acres, seventy- two messuiigps, with a re/ei-sion of forty other ones; parcels of which were grant'jd to the lu'irs and assigns of William Lincoln and James 688 EOCLE8IA8TICAL mSTOHT OF IBELAND. Rice. Tlie others were given by Elizabeta to William Wyse, kni<.lit. Henry and James Wyse. * ^ Monastery of St. Savionr. The Dominicans were introduced into Waterford A.D. 1226. Their house was built on the site of an ancient tower, then waste. The steeple was a very strong buildin.^ Their monastery was called Black Friars. The present county court-hoa^e has been erected on its site. A.D. 1277, a general chapter of the order was held here. A.D. 1309, another chapter was held here. A.D. 1334, a liberate issued, b"aring date January 13th, for the pay. ment of thirty-live marcs as one year's pension to the Dominican friars of Waterford, Dublin, Drogheda, Cork and Limerick. A.D. 1335-59, liberates also were issued. A.D. 1400, Henry IV. granted an annual pension for ever of thirty marcs to these houses. William Martin was the last prior. Tlio possessions of his priorv wore granted for c er to James mdtc, at the annud rent of 4s. Irish money. A.D. 1756, the fathera of this house were .Tames Se.xton prior- I'atrick Bray, and James Shcsty. ' ' Dominican nunnery. In compliance with the wishes of the citizens of Waterford, this nunnery was founded and was dedicated to St C\. thanne of Sienna, A.D. 1742. Benedict XIV., of illustrious momor'v issued a brief, approving or remedial, by which the original proceedin.! was rendered legitimate; tlie eroction of the convent and the profos"- sion of Catluirino as well as the novitiate of .Afaria Pilkinton bein- thereby ratified and liberty given to tb. prioress to admit novices to the habit of the order and have them professed. A.T). 1750, the sisters were Maria Anasta^ia Wvse, prioress; Char- lotto Wise, Maria Moan, Katharino Ayeres, Margaret O'Dunne, and Juno O'Fl.iherty. In 175^, tlin.ngh the ro.lnetion of their revenues they were obliged to dispei-se. Th. ll.llovving year, Maria Anastasiu AVyse departed tiiis life at l^nblin in a house of lier own order. Fnu:cis<.«n friary. Lord JIugh Parcel, in 1240, founded this inonas- tery, and having died the same year, was inf..rr. 1 on tlie right of tho Jiigh altar. A.D. 1244, October 15th, king Henry IH. granted the sum of £20 annually payable on tho feast of all saints, to buy tunics for the fria,,. •ninor of Wate.-ford, Dublin, Cork, Athlnnc and Limerick (Franciscaim). A.D. 12!»;i, Kdward L L'ranfed u fintlim- ui..>. ,.c d.i..^.. (••.... ,».,>-,- f-^ be paid annually to tho said friars, A.D. 1317, tt pr )vinoittl dinpter of f lie order wns hold lioro. A.D. 14«y, another chapter iiold hero. ECCLK8IA8TICAL HISTOKY OF IBELAND. 689 John Lynclie was the last i^i-ior. In the thirty-first of Henry VIII he surrendered tlie friary, containing a church and steeple, cemetery' liall, SIX chanibei-s, a kitchen, two stables, a bakeliouse, four cellai-s and snndry other buildings, within the precincts, and of the annual v'alue besides reprises, of £5 6s. lOd. In the thirty-third of Ile.ny, it was' with an acre of meadow, and a yearly rent of £10, payable out of the city of Waterford, and 208. yearly issuing out of the said lauds, granted for ever to Patrick Walsh, the master of the hospital of the Holy Ghost at the annual rent of 83., and a fine of £151 13s. 4d. Irish money CHAPTER LXIV. COUNTY or "WESTMEATH. AuDNACRANNA. A friary of Carmelites existed hero, but its history has been 1' .t. ~ Athlone. English-town, on the Westmcath side, in the barony of Kilkeimy West. Cathal Crovdearg O'Connor founded this friary for conventual Franciscans. Isot living to finish the building, it was com- plcted by Sir Henry Dillon. A.D. 1241, the great church was consepratod by Albert, archbishop of Armagh. A.l). 12^4, Sir Henry Dillon was interred here. Athnecarne. Hobert Dillon, of Drumrany, founded the Dominican abbey of Athnecanio in the fourteenth century. In the thirty-«eventh of Henry VHI., this monastery with its R])pur- nances in the coimtioB of Meath and Westmeath, was "granted for ever to Robert Dillon at iho fine of £13 Vh. 4(1., and an annual rent of ^6d. Do Burgo, bishop of Ousory, does not record the exiatence of thiit house. Baliimo?e, in iho barony of Rathconrafh, ond ten miles west of Mul- lingar. A.D. 1218, the family of De Lacio erected a monastery here, in honor of tho Virgin Mary, for Gilburtines, an order consisting of can'otw 690 ECCLESIASTICAL IIISTOliY OK IKKLAND. of the oi'dci- of Pi-cnioiistro and nuns followins: the rule of St. Boncilict. Xlicj lived in tlio same house, but in seitarate aimrtinonts. A.D. 1324, Gerald, or Thomas, son of Nicholas, lord of Kerry, M-as prior of this house, lie died in Italy. A.D. 1341, William Harold sued the prioress for the advowsoa of the chuich of St. Nicholas of Moyashryth. She proved, in her defence, that the said William had granted to her the said church in pure and perpetual alms. This nunnery ])aid three marcs annually to the bislioi) of Mcath. Thomas Tuite was the last prior, to whom an annual pension of £4 Irish money was granted. The property of Dallimore was ample, con- sisting of 1150 acres of land, twenty messuages and rectories, to the an- nual value of £35 3s. 4d. Cloonfad, in the barony of Farbil, and about six miles south-oast of Mullingar. St, Etclien, who ordained St. Columbkille priest, was the bishop of this place, then called Cluainbile. The feast of this saint was observed on the 11th of February, and his death is said to have occurred A.D, 577. St. Senach was abbot. Ills festival is hold on the 21st of August. St. Libern was abbot. A.p. CDl, Aengus MacTiopraite was abbot. He wrote a celebrated hynm. The English or Saxon chronicle records, at the year 085, that a shower of blood fell that year in I^ritain, and that the milk and butter were turned into blood. The Iri: ' annals record a similar phenomenon in Leinster at the year 090, Clonriine, in the barony of Moy-caahell, on the river Brusna, and about seven miles south-west of MuUinsrar, ' St, Cronan, alias Mochiia, of whom little is known, was the bop of Melliji, and had been the disciple of St. Carthag, at Uathenin, before his removal to Lismorc. The place of this saint's birth is unknown. His birth probably was about the year 570. Having spent nuiny years in a most exemplary manner at Rathene, he was jdaced by (^arthag over this snuvll establishment, which waa convenient to Kathenc, at the same time tii>i>a " »i..t«, ■■t.L». ...■•. 'ri... _»• L3^ ty . _ ., ..,,,..,.._^,, ij,^. .j.jjj^. J.J _,j_ r.riiaii is connected with Clnaindachrain, alios Clonrune. His festival is ob- served on the lltli of January. A priest Ernan is mentioned in the third class of Irish saints, known EXX!LE8IA8TICAL niSTORV OF IKKLAND. 091 OS the son of Crescen, and wlio was famous through all the churches of Ireland, Ernan was a servant-boy in the monastery of Clonmacnois, when St. Columbkille visited it about the year 590; the boy wa^ endeavoring to touch the hem of his garment, when Columba perceiv- ing it, took hold of him, and placed him before his face. On the by- standers observing that he ought not to notice such a troublesome boy, he desired them to have patience, and giving him his blessing, said .' " This boy, whom you now despise, will henceforth be very agreeable to you. and will improve from day to day in good conduct and virtue, and will be gifted by God with wisdom, learning, and eloquence." Little else is known concerning this eminent saint. He was probably a native of the district in which Clonmacnois is situatsd. In some Irish calendars he is called Ernene, of Rathmui (Rathnew, in the county of Wicklow,) where, perhaps, he presided over somy establishment. His memory was revered there on the 18th of Aug-;.i. His death is affixed to the year 635. A.D. 977, died Flann, son of Moil, bishop and s rlideacon of Olu- aindachrain, and preceptor of Clonmacnois. Othei' accounts place Cluaindachrain in the county of Longford. The martyrology of Tam- lacht or of Aengua mentions this St. Ernan. Clainmhaosscna. St. Foilan was abbot of this place : it is now tJie barony of Fertullagh. A priest of this name belongs to the tliird class of Irish saints. He was the son of Aidus, a Munster prince or dynast, and who is said to have been baptized and educated by St. Coemglion or Kevin. Another Foilan was brother to St. Fursey. Another Foilan accompanied St. Livinus to Brabant. This place, as well as the following, is now unknown : Drumreilgeach, which more probably ought to be placed in Meath was ruled over by St. Ernan, as abbot. * A.D. 808, died Collatue, or Conlata, a priest of this place. Comrnirc, in the barony of Ilathconrath, and near the famous h-'U of Usncach, now aI»*o unknown. St. Colman, the brother of St. Fursey, is said to liave been the abbot. Coniry. See Killconiry. Druiinfeartain. See Inisvachtuir. Druinicree, in the barony of Delvin, eight mihss n->rth of Mullin- gar. CoUatus, or Conlata, eremite of Druim-charadh, J ■.■(', &c. See Drumreilgeach. Drumrany, or Drumrath, in the barony of Kilkenny West, and «i aiK-Ui ~\x miics nofurciBt !!i .vtiiirmc. v;tn6i-8 pU. ^ ii, in the adjoinmg barony of Brawney. A monastery was erected hero in honor of St. Henan, a hermit, whose festival wa« observed at Jirumrath on the 10th of August 603 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF 'niELAND. St. Aldus, the bishop of Killaire, visited this holy hermit, whose faro for his visitor consisted of herbs and water. A.D. 948, tliis monaster^', with one hundred and fifty persons, was burned by the Danes. A.D. 995, Brian Mac Kinnede, aided by the men of Munster, set fire to the hospital of Drumrath, wherein were three hundred men • at which time Maelseachllain and the men of Meath were subdued. A.D. 1016, died Ceallach O'Maolmidh, overseer of Drumrath. Dysart, in the barony of Mullingar, and four miles south-west of that town. St. Colman, in the sixth century, founded the monastery of Disert Mocholmoc, in the county of East Moath, to which, it seems it more properly belongs. Of this St. Colman there is no more account. Here a monastery for conventual Franciscans was afterwards founded, and in the year 1331, the prior of Kells, in Kilkenny, giied the prior of this house for a messuage, a mill, two carucates of land, twen 7 acres of wood, and forty of pjisture, in Disert Mocholmoc, t' e Bame being demised by Reginald, formerly prior of Kells to Robert de Kerdyf, without obtaining tiie consent of his chapter. Farrencnamanagh. In the third of King James I., an inquisl.ion taken on the 28th of August, found that this priory, in the barony of Clonlonan, near Ballyloughloe, and then in ruins, was seized of a car- tron of arable land, with the tithes, and other appurtenances thereunto belonging, of the annual value, besides reprises, of 12d. Farren Macheigkese, a nunnery of which there is no account, ex- cept what an iiiquiiution taken in the third of King James furnishes, to wit : That said nunnery, then in ruins, was endowed with a cartron of arable land, and all the tithes thereof, with thaso adjacent to the same, and to Ballyloughhw, in the barony of Clonlonan. Fore. St. Fechiii, of Ballysedare, founded this celebrated abbey. Fore gives name to the half barony. St. Fechin, according to the tradition in the barony of Tyreragh, must have completed his studies at the monastery of Anghris, or re- ceived instructions there before his depiirture to Fore. St. Fechin, having been ordained in the year 00.5, his jtroceptor, Nathy, of Achonry, still living, was sixty years officiating as a priest. The festival of St. Fechin is observed at Fore, with singular de- votion, oil the 20th of Jannarj'. Tlireo thousand monks are said tu have been li>cateu>. fo!!!!j!!>.'! :iho*t;t tlie year 030. Fore was known to the Irish people as the " town of tiio Books." The doorway of St. Fuchin's church at Fore, perfectly Cyclopean in ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF lEELAND. 603 its character, is composed of six stones, including tlie lintel, wliich is about six feet in lengUi and two in liei^nt, the stones be'ing all of the same thickness as the wall, which is three feet. Over fhis door is a plain architrave, which is not, however, continued along its sides and above this is a projecting tablet, in tlie centre of which is'^sculptnred m relief, a plain crass witliin a circle. In the ancient life of St Fechin allusion is made to this cross : " Dnm sanctus Fecliinus rediret Foua- nam, ibique consisteret, venit ad eum ante fores Ecclesitu ' Ubi Crux posita est,' quidam a talo usque ad verticem lepra percussus." The mill of St. Fechin, at Fore, was erected by St. Mochua, the emi- nent architect and founder of Balla, county of Mayo. Moengal is named .. an abbot of Fore, and also Lieghnan, whose festival IS observed on the 5th of February. Forcheellach, whose festival is observed on the 10th of June. St. Brendan, whoso feast is on the 2Tth of July. St. Moeldubh, surnamed the Lictle, are reckoned amongst its abbots. A.D. 705, the abbot St. Conadar died, November the 3d. A.D. 709, died the abbot Keanfaely. A.D. 745, St. Suarleeh, abbot and bishop of Fore, died. A.D. 76 ;, St. Aedgen, abbot and bishop of Fore, died. A.D. 866, died the abbot Ceallacli. Tliough young he was a sage, a celebrated wit, a noble and learned doctor. A.D. 869, died the abbot Ailile, and also bishop of Fore. A.D. 1010, died Dalacli, abbot of Fore and of Desert-Tola, in Meath. A.D. 1025, the Teriuon lands of Fore were plundered by the tribe of Criochan, on the eve of the Xativity. A.D. 1164, died here, at a very advanced age, Moel Coomghin O'Gorman, who had been professor of Loutli, and who was esteemed the most learned of the Irish, and who had many years governed this abbey. A.D. 1209, Walter do Lacio re^founded this abbey under the joint invocation of St. Taurin and St. Fechin, for Benedictines, whom lio brought for tluit purpose from the abbey of St. Taurin, in Evreux, Nor- mandy, and to wiiich he made this house a cell. A.D. 1219, Henry was prior. A.D. 1369, this house, on account of the war with Franco, waa ftAzQil into tlio king's hands, us an alion priory. A.D. 1448, William Crosse, the king's farmer on the lands belong- ing to this priory, having behaved laudably in the «aid oiHco, and above all. in erectiiii?. at hiu mi-n /•limwrH aiwi f.«..«....„ * -• -- - -i-T.-r, tiiauy ninsiig castiw, lO the groat relief and comfort of his majesty's liege subjects (and of.ourse to the great annoyance of liis majesty's Irish ones), it was thereupon en- acted by })nrliament, that the said William Crosse, farmer, should ba 664 SCCLESIAS'nCAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. prior of Foree, and should enjoy thenceforward, daring life, the several lands, churches, &c., belonging to the same, he paying to (be king tlio annual rent of 138. 4d. ; and that the monks of this house sliould, on his decease, enjoy the riglit and power of electing their prior during 'the term of one hundred years, provided the king so pleased ; aye, and in less th^.n one hundred years, a parliament, in its wisdom and omnipo- tence, declared a monster king, the slave of his brutal and adulterous passions, supreme head of the church of England, ena])ling him to rob the church, and impoverish as well as dismantle the shrines and sanctuaries which the piety and faith of their founders had erected, as well as endowed ; not only were they allocated to farmers, but to those whoso hands were imbrue 1 in the blo.id of the pious inmates, wlio we.o taught by the Catholic church, to which they adliered, to offer a prayer for even their executioners, as did the Saviour for the deicide Jews. A.D. 1491, Christopher FitzSimond was prior in this year. A.D. 1505, died the prior Edmund Dor .ha. William Nugent was the last prior, who surrendered in the thirty- first of Henry VIII. Its property consisted, besides reprises and other appurtenances, of 1150 acres of land and rectories, then of the annual value of £109 Cs. 8d. Septen.ber 30th, 1588, parliament, in its wisdom and omnipotence and in its hatred to the Catholic faith, enabled the Queen Bess, tlio glory of Protestant England, but the disgrace of her sex, as that same parliament legalized the natural iss7ie of her body .o grant by lease, for the term of thirty years, all those possessions to Christopher, baroii of Delvin. A.D. 1614, Thomas Tetyt became a sharer in the plunder of St. Fechin's Termon lands. Hare Island, in Loughreo, bordering on Kilkenny "West. The family of Dillon built an abbey hero, the history of which has been lost. Innisvachtuir, an island in Lough Sillin, or Shollin, bordering on the Iialf barony of Foro. St. Carthag built the abbey of this island. There are still considerable ruins of an ancient structure, and it is a burial place of note. St. Carthag governed the monastery of this island, of course before his removal to Lismore. Kenard, in the barony of Afoygoish, north of the river Inny. A nunnery, whoso founder is unknown, as well as the order to which it belonged. Killaro, in the barony of Rathconrath, and about two miles west of rsneach. Tlireo churches were erected hero ; the one parochial, and dodicatoil to St. Aidus ; the next was called Temple Hrigid ; and the third, calh'A the Court of St. Brigid. Hero also were three holy wells, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF lEELAND, 695 probably dedicated to St. Brigid, St. Aidus and St. Cuman, who was abbot of Killarc. AT). 5S8, died St. Aidns, son of Brec and bisliop of Killare. He is usually named son of Brec, who was a descendant of Niail jSTeio'il- laca, by his son Fiach, His mother was a Munster lady of the country now Lower Ormond, in tlie county of Tipperary. Tlie time of his birth is ii'>t recorded; but it is probable that it was between 520 and 530. Although St. Aidus seems to have been born in Meatli, wliich was his lather's country, yet he was after liis baptism and from his infancy brought np among his mother's relatives in Munster, and educated there in tlie duties of a Christian layman. Not having been intended for the ecclesiastical state, he did not apply in his early days to the pre paratory studies or learning wliicli is necessary for' that holy life. On • his father's death, Aidus, being an adult, went to Meath for tlie purpose of recovering a part of the iniieritance, the whole of which his brothera had divitled among themselves. Not succeeding in his wislies, he set out for Munster, and on liis way thitlier, passing near Ilatlilithben the monrstery of the holy bishop Illandus was taken notice of by him. T' uishop then sent word that he would be glad to see him, and on his coming np, asked liim wliy iie was so uneasy about an earthly in- heritance, desiring him to louk after a vastly better one, that of heaven. Aidus replied, that he was ready to submit to whatever tiie lioly bishop would direct him to do, and then became an inmate of tlie monastery, where, with the duties of religious obedience, he united tlio study of tlie holy Scrii)tures and of literature. Notwithstanding Iiis high birth, Aidus worked at the plougii when ordered to do so, and displayed in every respect such a truly monastic spirit, that after a certain lapse of time Illandus thought it advisaldo that he should return to his mother's country and there form a monastery. Accordingly, he repaii-ed tliitlier with some companions who were assigned to him, and founded one at Enachmacbrivin. Some time after, he went to Meath, and being there consecrated bishop, fixed his see at Killare. After his promotion to the episcopacy, ho occasionally visited Munster, and is said to have erected some churches or nllgious houses both in that in-ovinee and in Meath. Ho is also said to have visited the nunnery of Druimard, which was probably the Dronuird of Ikerin, in the county of Tippe- rary. He was on another occasion entertained by St. liioi-h, abbot of Inisbofin, in Loughree, and also by the hernxit St. Ilenan, of Drumrath. Sovorul niiracles are attriliuted to thin. Haint. Jlla dwit!'. is trs'Tlcod at the 10th of November. He is reckoned among the second class of Irish saints. IsLillbeggan, in tlio barony of Moycashcll, on the river Brosna. Tlio , ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0BV OF IBELAND. abbey was subsequently called « de flumino Dei," by allusion prc'-uoly to that river. Tlie ancient establishment of Killbeggan is attributed to St. Becan, brother of St. Connac, of the royal blood of Munster, and of St. Evin of Ross, in the county of Wexford. In the life of St. Connac mention is made of Eecan : " Sanctus Becanus, in Mumonia remanens monasterium de Killbeacain, alias Cluan-ard-Mobecoc erexit et sane' tisaime rexit." Tlie higiiest encomiums are paid to his extraordinary sanctity, the austerity of his life, and the miracles which he wrou<.ht We are told that he used tossing ihe whole Psalter every day, whetlier dry or wet, cold or warm, by the side of a stone cross in the open air outside the monastery. St. Becan lived in the sixth century. Ilia memory was revered on the 26th of May. A.D. 1200, the family of Dalton founded a Cistercian abbey here under the invocation of tlie Virgin Mary, and probably on the site of the ancient edifice. It was supplied with brethren from the abbey of Mellifont. "' A.D. 1213, Melaghlin Mac Coughlan, prince of Delvin, died here in pilgrimage. A.D. 1218, his sons died here. A.D. 1236, Hugh O'Malone, bishop of Clonmacnois, died liere A.D. 1298, the abbot AVilliam O'Finan was made bishop of Clon- macnois. Maurice O'SIiangane was the last abbot. In the thirty-firsi of Henry VIII. an inquisition was held and its property confiscated. Its posses- sions consisted of one thousand and twenty acres of wood, arable and pasture, three water-mills, nineteen messuages, eleven cottages, and twenty-six rectorirn, In the elevenui of Elizabeth, eight carucates of this land were granted to Robert Dillon, at the annual rent of £6 ISs. The remain- der had been parcelled out in 1618 by James I. to different favorites to be held of the king as of the castlo of Dublin, in free and cominon soccage. Killbixy, in the l>arony of Moygoish, an ancient town adornc! with a castle, which Hugh de Lacie erected in 1192. He also built an hos- pital for lepers, which was called St. Brigid's. A.D. 1413, May 24tl., divei^i iudnlgences were granted to this hospi- tal tor Its hotter support, as appears from the registry of Milo Sweetman, archbishoj) of Armagh. _ Killconiry and Conry, in the barony of Moycashell ; chapels an- cientiy erected in the parish of Ardnorcher. A.T). 758, died Fearfio, son of a smith, abbot of Conry. KiUkenny West gives name to the barony, about five miles north- ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0ET OF IRELAND. 69/ east of Atlilone. An ancient abbey existed here, of which St. Scannal who died A.D. 773, was abbot. Thomas, a priest and grandson to Sir Tliomas Dillon, who camo into Ireland A.D. 1185, was the founder of the monastery of Killkenny west, for «cross-bearei-s, under the invocation of St. John the Baptist. The founder has been buried here. In the eleventh of Queen Elizabeth this monastery and appurte- nances, with twelve messuages, two carucates of land in Killkenny, one in Britlass, and all *heir tithes, were granted to Robert Dillon at an annual rent of £22. The prior of this house paid one mare (£5 sterling) annually, proxies to the bishop of Meath ; n,nd in 1335 the grand ^.^riory of Kilmainham, near Dublin, had an exempt hospital in this town. Here also was a well dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Killuken, in the barony of Farbill, and about six miles east of Mullingar. St. Luican built this abbey, where his festival is observed on the 27th of July. Killmacahill, or Killmichael, in the barony of Moygoish, and four miles north of the river Iiiny. The family of Petyt "founded here a monastery for Franciscan friars of the third order. The period of its erection is not known. At the suppression of monasteries, its possessions were granted to EoberrNangle. Part of the walls of this church still remain. Killtome : now unknown. St. Nennidh was abbot or bishop of tliia church. His festival is held on the 13th of November. A.D. 740, died St. Eochad, of KiUtoma. A.D. 703, died the abbot Coiijdenach. A.D. 808, the abbot Ceallach Mac Eachty died. A.D. 849, died the abbot Colga Mac Ceally. Leckin, in the barony of Ikerin, and on the Inny. In the time of St. Fechin, St. Crumain was bishop, and who died A.D. 604, in his 180th year. The festival of this saint is held on the ^8th of June, A.D. 746, died the abbot Furseus. A.D. 943, died, at an advanced age, Ainmire O'Cahallane, abbot ot Clonmacnois and of Leckin. Lynn or Linleire, in the barony of Delvin. A.D. 741, died Comyng O'Mooney, abbot of Linleire. A.D. 778, died the holy Moyneagh O'Mooney, abbot of Lynn. A.D. 800, died Muredhach, bishop of Linleire. A.D. 927, died tiio abbot Swyne. A.D. 90S, this ul)boy was destroyed by fire. A.D. 1002, it met the same fate. m ECCLESLVSTICAL inSTOKT OF IRELAND. A.D. 1050 and 1U8 : burned in each of those yeftrs. Mnllingar, the capital of the county, priory of St. Mary. This house known by tl?e name of the house of God, of Mullingar, was founded in 1227, for canons regular of St. Augustine, by Ralph le Petit, bishop of Meath. ^ A.D. 1305, Donat O'FIaherty, bishop of Killala, was interred here. A.D. 1397, Ilugii was prior, to whom Adam Petyt granted fortr acres of land in Killbrena. A.D. 1464, the town was burned and destroyed by the people of Managh. ^ A.D. 1467, the prior, Petyt, died of the plague. A.D. 1534, John Petyt was the last prior. An inquisition was held in the thirty-fii-st of Henry VEI and a second in the tliirteenth of Elizabeth, wlien three hundred and sixty acres of arable and pasture, with tliirty-three messuages, were granted to Eichard Tuite and his heii-s male by knight's service, at the yeariv rent of £16 5s. lOd. Irish money. ^ The priory of St. Mary's paid annually four marcs to the bishop of Meath. ^ Dominican Friary. A.D. 1237, the family of Nugent founded this abbey. A.D. 1278 to 1314, general chapters of the order were held here In the eiglith of Elizabeth, tiiis convent, witli one Imndred and twenty acres of hind, were grunted to Walter Hope, at the annual rent of £10. They were afterwards given to liicliard Tuite, and eventually became the property of Lord Granard, in whose possession they have remained. In 175G tlie fathei-s of tlie order in Mullingar were, Laurence Geral- dine the prior, Thomas Hope, Ambrose Iliggins, James Barnewall Tliomas Dalton, and Patrick Mac Donagli, a lay brother. ' Franciscan friary. A.D. 1622, the friai-s of MuUifernam beou.,tai.- whidi overhan-r^ t.ie sea. It was formerly called Salenga, afto-wards Slieve Domanguirt and in the time of Ptolemy, the geographer, it got the na.ne of "the eacied promonfory." Clonemore, in the barony of Bantry, near the river Slanoy, and two imles southwest of Enniscorthy. St. Maidoc, of Femes, w.s the founder who appointed St. Dithulla the fii-st abbot. ' St. Ternoc is also mentioned as abbot of Clonmore. A.D. 740, this abbey ^• is destroyed by fire. A.D. 832, it was , ..aged by the Danes. A.D. 833, on Christmas night the Danes forcibly entered this abbey and iniunnanly inassacrod nnuiy of the monks. A.D. 835, they again atta';ked Clonemore, slow some of the monks and many more were made cai)tivos. ' A.D.018, died the learned Seanlan Mac Gorman, who was also abbot of Roscrea. A.D 1041, tlu. abbey was plundered by Dermot Mac Moilnambo. lord of Jvenselach. Clonmines, in the barony of Shelburno. The family of O'Cavanngh founded hero a u.onastery for eremites of St. Augustine. In Vi^^> it M-as enlarged and beuutilied by Nichohu.. the dork, the son of Nicholas. The Donun.cans alterwanls obtained ponsosshm of it, but de Burgo nets It down as a dubious e.stablishment of their nnlor. Nichohis Wcling was tl... 'ast prior. When ho surrendered, ho wn. then se.zed of tho same, a cInuTh and belfry, dorn.itorv, hall, threo olmnd,ers, k.tchen, cemetery, and one close within the ^ito thereof: " ' ■"'''^■' J^^1'"=^'^, ^5. 4d.i aUoufuno small towor, four TOCI-E8IA8TICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 108 messuages, ten gardens, an acre of arable land near St. Kioran'a Pyll, and the tithes of tlie said gardens ; also 2s. chief rent, arisincr from Colyn's lands in Clolinyn aforesaid ; annual value, besides reprises" 828. 8d. ' Henry Ylll. granted this abbey, vrM\ its possessions, to John Parker, for ever, at an annual rent of 2s. 4d. Irish. Tlie ruins of this extensive building are still to be seen. Darinis, an island near the town of Wexford. St. Neman, who was abbot of this monastery, flourished in the seventh century, and wa« probably the founder. His festival is obsei ved on the 8tli of March. St. Camin, who founded the monastery of Iniskeltra, an island m the Shannon (Loughderg), is said to have been abbot of Darinis. St. Qobbhan is said to have been abbot of Darinis. See.Molana, county of Waterford. Desert-cheaiulubhain, in Ily Kinsellagh. Now unknown. Was a cell buik by St. Abbhan, near Maghcruiiuidlier. Down, in the barony of Scarawalsh ; six miles north of Eimiscorthy, and on the river Derrihy. An abbey was foimded here for canons regular of St. Augustine, before the arrival of the English in Ireland. It existed at tlie time of the general suj)pres8ion. It was then found to be seized of one hundred and twenty acres of arable land, twenty of pastnro aiul five of wood, in Downe, and of all the lands aiul tenements of Ollarde Villarde. A.D. 1(537, March 24th, a grant of the same and its possessions was made to the Lord Baltimore. Drum-chaoin-chellaigh, in the territory of Ily-Kinselagh. Saint Abbhan built this abbey. Dunbrody, in the barony of Shelburne, on the river Burrow, and f.vr miles south of Kosa. Harvey de IMonte Maurisco, who was senes- chal of the whole estate b. longing to Richard, earl of IVmbroke, made a ct.nsiderable grant of divers lands to St. Mary and St. IJenediet, lor the purpose of erecting on abbey for the monks of the Cistercian order. Felix, who was consecrated bishop of Ossory, in 1178, was witness to this charter. A.D. 1170, Harvey, tlio founder of tliis house, entered into the mona8n>ry of the Holy Trinity, in Canterbury. Richnni, earl of TVMil)rokc, and hi« grandson, Walter, wore principal benefactors to this house. A.D. 1182, thti abbot and monks of Bildewas, m Shropsliire, who wore itidiided in the chnrtor of Ifarvey, made a cession to the Cister- cian ald)ey of the bie^-wil Virgin Mary, at Dublin, of the whole right and r^-^rr? ■'.trrj |t-?r-en3vu ifj figi;t uj (ic MttHFcn B gruni:, over the 7H ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IKELAND. r V fonndation of Dunbrody. John, lord of Ireland, in the lifetime c. Ills fatlier, confirmed the grant of Harvey. A.D. 1216, Ilerlewin, bishop of Leighlin, was interred in the abbey church, a grf>n,t part of mIucIi he had caused to be erected. A.D. 1290, Walter, earl of Pembroke, confirmed the grants of Ilarvey and of Strongbow. A.D. 1308, Damin was abbot. A.D. Io40, Philip de Cliicuil was abbot. Having refused to submit to the visitation of the abbot of St. Mary's, near Dublin, he was de- posed from his office. The prior, William de Rosse, was chosen in Lis place. A.D. 1368, David de Cornwalshe was abbot. Tlie .iionks of Tracton in the coiinty of Cork, having openly resisted the authority of tlieir abbot, Da . id was commissioned to restore them to order. David, for his trouble in so doing, was presented by the abbot, David Grayne'll, with ahorse, worth twonty marcs, and £10 sterling in ready money; after which David took from tlie monks another sum of £20, and being tlins bribed by both parties, he deprived tlie abbot Ricliard of his office. In two years afterwards he was convicted of the same oifence, and fined in the sum of one marc, liut received the king's pardon. A.D. 1380, it was enacted by parliament that no mere Irishman phould make liis profession in tliis abbey. A.D. 1300, David Esmonde, a burgess of the town of "Wexford, being appointed by letters patent to enquire, by the oaths of gooil and lawful men of this county, into the extortions and oiL'nces commitlod in this abbey,/w«i w/tk-h Dwr.t Inshincn tvire c.rdii(f'd, having arrived to put in force his commission, David Cornwalshe, tjc abbor thereof, with divers associates, assaulted said Esmond, with force and violence seized and destroyed the king's lettei-s, and secured Esmond in the abbot's prison for the space of sixteen days, until they compelled him to swear that he would never i)ro8ecuto any of the aforesaid persons, nor John Develyn, w.:o was a party to the transactions. A.D. 13H4, the said Develyn vas abbot, A.D. 1-102, King Henry IV. granted to tlio abbot and convent s confirmation of nil their rights and jmssessions. A.D. 1418, John Calf was abbot. A.D. 1522, Alexander Devereux was abbot. Tlio abbot f this house sat as a baron of parliameiit. Alexander Devereux, the last abbot, surrendered iiiis no'..' .4ab- lislinient in 1. ".;!!>, after having first provided for his relatives iiy the BacrilegiouH plunder of its possessions. \\y an in(]iiisifion. taken in the thirty-noventh of Henry VIII., i\\» a.!.!!>y y-a? V-!!;". •■■■ ••x-fse?.3 =;ixty £cf65 of pasture, and av «'se»»iv<» ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOKT OF lUELAND, ro5 arrange inDimbrody; one hundred .and twenty acres in Battlestown • e.glity acres in Duncannon ; sixty acres in Clonard, and -e thousand one hundred and thirty acres in various parts of the county ol" \yexford besides immense possessions in Connaught, and in the counties of Lime- rick and Waterford. In 154G, these possessions were granted to Osborne Itclimgham, at tlie annual rent of £3 lOs. 6d. While in the twent.etii year of Queen Eh-zabeth, the lands and rectories belon-^in^ to tins abbey, in the county of Limerick, were conceded to Robert Callan. The ruins of Dunbrody abbey, rising in awful grandeur at the con- flux of the nvers Suire and Barrow, present a truly picturesque nnd raagn.facent appearance, lliese ruins, including the cloister and chr .h are, perhaps, tlie most complete, and at the same time the most exten- sive of any in the kingdom. At the west end stood the porch, adorned with filigree open-work, cut in stone, while the immense gothic window which nses above the porch, displays an aniazing speciuien of curious and splendid a.-c]iitecture. The cliancol and the walls ,i the cliun h ai-e entire. Within are three chapels, vaulted and gi^oined, while *he aisles are separated from the nave by a double row of arches, with a mould- ing, which reclines on beautiful consoles. Tlie tower also is com,,lote and the ai-ch on which it rests is, for its curious and expansive curvature much esteemed. ' Enniscorthy, in tlie barony of Scarawalshe, on the river Slancv and nine miles north-west of Wexford. This abbey of canons rcmi;; wa. g.-anto.l by the patron, Gerald de I rende.-g.is(, as a cell to the abbey of bt. n.omas, ,n Dublin, a.id wl.<, ord. red that it should be governed «g.-ooably to the rules of St. Augustine, and the custon.s of the said abbey And for the health of hi. ov n sou' th.t of ius wife, those of Jus father a,i,l mother, whose bodies n^st here, he granted, for the better support ot the canons, and to contribule to the rJiefof the poor, the dM.rches of St. Se.ian, Enni..co,-thy, St. IWgid, near Ai-dles, and St John, with all liis land lyinr and situate near ti '^ hou:. . tl.o tithes of hm mills at Enniscorthy, timber from h.s wood., v..?th liberty o'' feeding tlinr cattle in the san.e. and .til other ni^,-^.y pu^tui-e. Witness" John, iHshopof Ferns, who app,.,.tod th-t r' ,. convonl should consist <•» <<.ur brethren and a priu,., t , win ■, Trondorgast grant.d two caru- cate« of land, called Oornath, adjoinin^' their house, in exchange for two raruoates which Philip do Harry had gra.u /•. tiioin in the village of fM-nda„, near the bridge ,n Cork, reserving, however, to the canon., the chapel of St. Katharine, iu the said town, with the tithes thcrcunf.. belonging, and one burj^'age. Witness luhn, hNbop of Ferns, w .. preBided from 1223 to the year 1243. mt f roe ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. December 6th, 1581, a letise of this abbey was granted to Edward Spenser, at the annual rent of £13 5s. Franciscan friary, was founded for friars minors, of the strict observ- ance, A.D, 1400, by Donald Cavenagh, surnanicd the Brown, head of his sept. In an ancient missal belonging to this monastery, we find that its dedication was on the IStli of October, in the same vear. A.D. 1476, the missal informs us that the founder died in this year. Tliis missal was Avritton in tiiis friary. Thirty-first of Henry VIII., the prior of this bouse was found to have been seized of a church and belfry, a chapter-house, dormitorv, hall, four chambers, a kitchen, two orchards, and three gardens ; annual value, besides reprises, 13s. 4d. Thirty -seventh of Elizabeth, this friary, with its appurtenances, a water-mill, an orchard, and six acres of land in this county, together with the manor of Enniscorthy, was granted for ever to 8ir Henry Wallop, knight, to hold, by knight's service at the annual rent of £10 16s. 4d. Ferns, an episcopal seat on the river Banne, about five miles north of Enniscorthy. St. Maidoc, or Aidanua, was the founder. See dio- cese of. A.D. 001, King Brandubh was interred here. A.D. 834, the Danes destroyed Ferns with fire. A.D. 830, ♦hey rei)eated thei:- barbarous conduct. A.D. P' >ther attack on Ftrns by Hie Danes. A.D. ; J the Abbot Dermot. A.D. t Danes ravaged and plundered the abbey. A.D. 1)44, died tlie Abbot Flathgus. A.D. 975, the Abbot Conding <4ied. A.D. 1106, Diarmid Mac Alurchad, king of Leinster, set fire to, and destroyed the town. In atonement for tiiis breach of huiminity, this prince founded an abbey here, under the invocation kA' the Virgin Mary, for canons regu- lar of St. Augustine, and eiidosved It with so much of the lauds of Hal- lisisin and Baliilacussa, as would form the site of u viihige; Boriu, Iloshena and Kilbridy for two villages ; and the lands of BalliHislan, in Fothcrt, near Wexford, and those of Mi:iiemoth, in FerneghenHl , al« ' a cell at Tliamoling, bcMig the chai)ol of St. Mary ; the landh of Ilii • gery with itj* fisheries, and his own chapelry ; t>getiier with all the tithtJS and first fruits of the demesne of t'erhuki-n-elicli, and a Ihigou of alo otit of every lirowing in Ferns ; the coll of Finnachia, in Ferns aforesaid, and the lunds of Ualliculum and Ballinafiissin, with three acre- mlJMi.ni.g iXw wiid oA\, Witnf?^-^?;?- Christian, of Ligmore, iegats; BCCLE8U8TICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 7or Donat, bishop of Leighlin ; Joseph, bishop of Ferns ; Domnald, bishop of Ossory ; Malachy, bishop of Kildare ; Celestine, bishop, and Laurence abbot of Qlendaloch. ' A.D. 1171, on the 1st of May, died impenitent, without sacraments or extreme unction, Dennot, the founder, and was interred here. A.D. 1172, died the abbot Briglidean O'Cathan. Dowyll was the last abbot. lie surrendered in the thirty-flrst of Henry VIII. The possessions of this abbey in lands consisted of 590 acr38, with the tiihes and appurtenances thereof, all situate and lying in this county. November 20th, twenty-sixth of Queen Elizabeth, a lease of this abbey for the term of sixty years was granted to Thomas Masiei-son, at the annual rent of £16. Fionmagh, in the territory of Fothart. Cee Camross, in this county. Glasscarrig, in the barony of Ballaghkeen, on the sea-side, and six miles southeast of Gorey. Griffin Condon and Cecilia Barry, his wife, and Roboric Bourk, her father, together with David Roche, Richard Carrin and John Fytte, of Areolon, granted all their lands in Cousiu- quilos and Trahore, with the long marsh, fishery and salvage of wrecks, for the purpose of founding tins priory for Benedictine monks, in honor of the monastery of the blessed Virgin Mary, of St. Dogmael, in Pem- brokeshire, Wales, of which their predecessors were foundej-s : this house to be subject to that of St. Dogmael, whose abbot was always to present one of his monks to succeed on the death of the prior of Glasscarrig. Tlie charter of this abbey was confirmed by Tlioraaa Den, bishop of Ferns, who died A.D. 1400. Charles Mac Mortha was prior. When obliged to surrender his abbey, its possessions in land consisted of 3(50 acres, rectories, annual value £3 lOs. 8d., with tithes &c., all situate in this county. On the feast of St. Katharine, the fifth of p:dward Vf., it was found that Dermit, the last prior, was seized of the following rectories in this county, appropriated to him and his successors- I^)roiiie, which extcnd- eth into the town of Ummw ; KilnuUapoke, Kilreny, Kilerat, and Cor- morc ; Templebodegano, Kiltenen, Clonygosse, nalledonagh, Ivillenerlde, Bollyncollen and Killemoude, and the rectories of Haliano and Tomple- niaiivne. Jloitrtown, in the barony of Shelmaliere, and about th>-ee miles west of Taghmon. In the fourteenth century, a monastrry for Carmelites M-as founded at Little llorton by Furlong, who endowed and dedicated it to the Vifgia Mufy. 708 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEY OF lEELAND, On the suppression of religions house?, this friarj was gi-anted to Sir John Davis, who assigned it to Francis Talbot. Inverdliaoile, St. Dagan was the founder. See Achad Dagan, Co. "Waterford. lliere is mention of St. David, of Inverdhaoile, on the 13th of Sep- tember, C39. Inisbeg, in the territory of IIj-Kinsellagh. St. Patrick is said to have placed his disciples St. Erditus and St. Augustine in the monastery of this island. Inistiiel, in the same territory of Ily-Ivensellagh. St. Patrick also founded the establishment of Inisfiiel, which he presented to the saints Mochonoc and Mochadoc. See Gallen, King's county. That St. Patrick has been the founder, there is reason to doubt. When the Danes seized the church of Slepte, or Sletty, those of Inisbeg and Inisiail, together with that of Inverdhaoile, were wholly foi-saken ; they are since lost in oblivion. Ivillcloghan, in the barony of Shelburne. O'More founded this pre- ceptory n)r knights Templar, which was, at the time of their suppres- Bion, given to the Hospitallers. A.D. 1326, John Fitz David was commendator ; he also governed Balliscoak, alias Ballyliack. William Keating was commendator of both these houses. At tlio general suppression, an annual pension was granted to him on the 18th of July, 15-il. The possessions of this commandery consisted of 493 acres of land and rectories ; annual value, £48 Is. 9d. Kovember 11th, thirtieth of Queen Elizabeth, a lease of this com- mandery was granted to Sir Henry Harrington, knight, to hold the same for ever, by the fourth part of a knight's fee, and the annual rent of £35 168. 8d. TJagiiincmhna, or Maghera-Nuidlie, alias Maudlinton, near the river Barrow, in Hy-Kinselhigh. St. Abbhan was the founder. His memory was particularly revered hero. Iloss-Mic-Trian, called Rossglassna Muimneach, a beautiful sea-port m the river Barrow, in the barony of Bantry ; carries on an extensive tiado, and is also a parlimuentary borough. This town was fornn^rir strongly fortified; in high repute, and adorned with umuy religious liouses. It obtained the name of " RosBglass na muinuieach," from the groat number of Munstormon who followed St. Evin thither, when ho founded the monastery of Ilossmictreoin. It is not to ho confounded with anotlier Uossglaap, in a northern ;.art of Loinslot, now called Monas- toreven. ECKILESIASTICAL HTSTORY OF niELAND. 709 St. Evin is said to have been the brother of St. Cormac, who was of the royal blood of Munster, of tlie Engenian line. Having left his own country, he arrived in the neighborhood of the Barrow, and founded his monastery of Rossinictreoin. Evin was contemporarv with St. Molua, of Clonfert-Molua, who visited him in this monastery, when its abbot, and there performed miracles. The name of St. Evin appears in several Irish calendai-s. His death is assigned to a 22d of December prior to tlie year 602, as he died in the reign of Brandubh, kin, T ma«t obey the ordera of lay ECCLESIASTICAL inSTOKY OF IRELAND. ni predccessoi, Columba, who some time ago said to me, in the spirit of prophecy— ' Biiitlien, remember these words of mine: Immediately after my departure from this life, a brother, who is now regulating his youthful age by good conduct, and well versed in sacred studies, named Fintan, of the race of Mocu-moic, or Maine (his mother's family), and son of Tulcan, will come to you from Ireland, and will suppli(;ate-to be reckoned among the monks ; but it is predetermined by God that he is to be an abbot, presiding over monks, and a guide of souls. Do not, therefore, let him remain in these islands of ours, but direct him to return in peace to Ireland, that he may there establish a monastery in a part of Leinster not far from the sea, and labor for the good of souls.' " The holy young man, sliedding tears, returned thanks to Christ, and said that ho M-ould follow these directions. Soon after, having received the benediction of Baithen, he returned to L-eland ; it appears he began, without delay, to comply with the wishes of Heaven, and founded the monastery of Teagh-Munna (now Taglimon), and there presided over one hundred and lifty-two holy monks. Even at the time of his oppo- sition to St. Laserian, on the question of the Roman cycle, lie was most highly revered for his sanctity and power of working miracles. It appears, however, that this eminent saint soon after witlidrew his oppo- sition, and agreed with his brethren of the south. He did not long survive this happy event, as he disd in G35 on the 21st of October. A.D. 777, died Kiaran, of Tuaglimon. A.D. 859, died the abbot Fiachra. A.D. 917, tlie Danes plundered this abbey. A.D. 053, died Dunlung, abbot of Taglimon and Cape Clear. A.D. 1007, the abbot Toole O'Connor died. Tintein, in the barony of Slielburne. "William, earl of Pembroke, being in great danger at sea, made a vow to found an abbey in that place wliore he wo\ild first arrive in safety— a vow which was performed by founding the abliey of Tintern, and which he dedicated to tlie Virgin Mary, and jilaced there monks of the Cistercian order, whom he brought from tlie abbey of tliat name in j\Ionmoutlishiie ; granted them thirty carucatos, lying in Carulliner, near the river Banne, witli other ]iossc«sions, and equal liberties witli those granted to the abbey of Dunbrody. A.D. 1200, John TorrcU was the first abbot. A.D. 121 9, the founder died, whoso will was confirmed by King John, giving tliis abbey thirty carucates of land, and enjoining Isabella, his coimtess, and his seneschal, Geottry Fitz Robert, to provide the Panic. A.D. 134n, the abbot, William Codd, was deposed, and David Furlong was placed in his stead. ri2 KCCLK8USTICAL HISTORT OF mELAND. A.D. 1356, David Walsh was abbot. A.D. 13SC, it was enacted by parliament that no mere L-ishman should make his profession in this abbey. The abbots -r Tintern sat as barons of parliament, the last of whom was John Pown By an inquisition taken in the thirty-fii-st of Henry YIII., the pos- sessions Vere found to consist of ninety acres, being the demesne land situated in Tintern, and two thousand two hundred acres of moor, arable, and pasture, together with the rectories of Banne, Killmore,' Clomiues, and various others. Within the same year, the Sal toes, with the rectory of Kilmore, were granted to William St. Loo. While in the eighteenth of Elizabeth, the abbey, and sixteen townlauds, with their tithes, and the revei-sion of the premises, were granted for ever to Anthony Colclough, at the annual rent of £20 is. Irish money. The church was a large building, with a great tower in the centre; the chancel part was converted into a dwelling-house, with three floore,' &c., and is now the seat of Vesey Colclough, Esq. Wexford, the capital of the county, and a sea-port, market-town, and parliamentary borongli, in the barony of Slielmaliere. Priory of canons regular, und'ir the invocation of SS. Peter and Paul, was founded, according to the most approved opinion, by the Danes, in the early part of the twelfth century, to which the Koches, a noble and an influential family, were nnmificcnt benefactors. A.D. 12J0, Jolin, bisliop of Ferns, held a synod hero on the morrow of the nativity of the blessed Virgin. A.D. 1418, Sir John Talbot, Lord Talbot of Furneval and Wexford, granted to this priory the chapel of St. Nicholas of Carrick. The prior of this abbey sat in parliament as a baron. The first inquisition, taken in tiie thirty-first of Ileniy VIIL, found in the possession of the last prior, John Ileygai'ne, four orcliards, two parks, fifteen messuages, with their gardens, und the rectories of St. Patrick, SS. Peter an^ Killuske, and various others in the county of Wexford. In the first year of Edward VI., this priory ami the greater part of its possessions were granted to Jolin Parker, at the annual rent of 15s. ^ The church of bS. Peter and Paul, or Selskir Abbey, yet remahis, with a very large tower in the centre. Knights Ilospitallei-s. This priory, founded by William Mareschal, Earl of Pem])roke, and dedicated to St. John and St. Brigid, was,' antecedent to the j)eriod in whicli tlie order of Templars was a'liolislied' the grand commandery. But Kilmainiiam being granted to the IIos- ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOET OF IRELAND. ns pitallers, it immediately became the grand establishment of that order. A.D. 1376. The prior recovered against Adam, the son of John de Boclier, sixty acres of land with the appurtenances thereunto belonging, and situate in Ballycollock, in this county. There still remains part of the old church of ?J*. John, without the walls. Gray Friars. The conventual Franciscans procured a settlement for themselves in this town, in the reign of King Henry lU., and were reformed A.D. 1486. Thirty-first of Henry VIIL, the prior of this house was seized of a church and belfry, liapter-house, dormitory, hall, kitchen and some otlier buildings, with eiglit burgages in the town of Wexford, annual value, besides reprises, 17s. February 20th, thirty-fifth of Henry, this monastery, with the afore- said burgages in Wexford, were granted for ever to Paul Turner and James Devercux, at the annual rent of lOd. Irish money. Leper Hospital. Henry IV., on the 2Cth of January, and tenth year of his reign, granted to the son of William Rochford, during life, the custody of the hospital for lepers, under the invocation of the brethren and sisters of St. Mary Magdalen, near Wexford, wijli the lands, rents, possessions, churches, tithes thereunto belonging; the said John to support the houses, buildings, &c., and to defray all other expi ^es at his own proper cost and charge. A.D. 1649. AVexford was besieged by Oliver Cromwell. As soon as the regicide had ordered liis batteries to play on a distant part of the town, on his summons being rejected, " the commander of the garrison, Stafford," admitted his men into the castle, whence issuing suddenly and attacking the wall and gate adjoining, (they were admitted, either through the treachery of the townsmen or the cowardice of the soldiers, or perhaps both,) the slaughter was almost as great as at Drogheda. By Cromwell himself, the number of the slain is reduced to two ; by some writers it has been swelled to five thousand. "Ko distinction was nuide between the defenceless inhabitant and the armed ^ Idiei, nor could the shrieks and prayere of 300 females, who hac' j_, ithered round the great crons, pi(}-;erve them from the swords of those ruthless barbarians." m IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-?) /. <- ..«?. f/j fA 1.0 I.I 11.25 Ui u lAC 1.4 2.5 2.0 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WIST MAIN STREET WHSTIR, N.Y. t4$a0 ( 71* ) •73-4503 ^ ^ ,v 'S^ ^ 4^ *A<^ 4^ »^ f/. ^ 714 ECCLESIASTICAL inSTORT OF JB,ELASJ>. CHAPTER LXVI. COUNTY OF WICKLOW. AKKI.OW ia situated eleven miles south of 'Wicklow. It was for- merly tlie residence of the kings of Dublin ; but being possessed by the Ostmen, or Danes, both barony and town acquired the name of Arklow. The town was adorned with a monastery and a castle, now in ruins. Theobald Fitzwalter, fourth Butler of Ireland, founded a Dominican monastery here under the invocation of the Holy Gliost. He died the 26th of September, A.D. 1285, in his castle of Arklow, and was interred in this friary, wliere a tomb, with his statue, was erected. ^ Pope John XXIII. granted an indulgence to all those visiting this friary on certain festivals, and also to those who gave alms to the triars. In the thirty-first of Henry VHI. the prior of Arklow was seized of the cliurch and belfry, cliapter-liouso, dormitory, hall, three chambei-s, a store, kitchen, cemetery and garden, containing two acres, with two parks, an.l three acre.: of hnid, of the great mtasuro (twenty-one), iu Arklow, and lour messuages in the said town ; annual value, besides rojirises, 298. lOd. I'obruary 4tli, thirty-fifth Henry VHI., tliis friary, with a garden, containing two acres and four messuages, six cottages, a cliai.iber, two parks, containing three a"rcs o*' tlie great measure, and three flagons and a half out of every brewing of ale, for sale, in the town of Arklow, ■was granted for over to John Travei-s, at the annual rent of 2s. 2d. Irish money. These i)08se88ions were afterwards assigned to Patrick Earnewall. ThiMo were two bretliron assigned to this convent in 175(, : James Morilly, prior, and Ambrose CVGonnor, pastor, in tlie diocese of Dublin. Uallvkine, in the barony of Arklow, and about six miles and a half north-west of that town. An abbi>y was founded licro by a brother of St. Kevin, ])robably St. Dagan ; it is now the seat of Whaley, who has erected a uiuusion on the ancieiit site, called Whailoy Abbey. ECCLESIASTICAL fflSTORY OF IRELAND. T15 Baltinglass, a market-town in the barony of Talbotstown, on the river Slaney. Dearmit Mac Murrogh O'Cavanagh, king of Leinstcr, founded tlio abbey of Baltinglass for Cistercians, iu which he Avas interred about the year 1151. A.D. 1185, Albinus O'Mulloy was abbot of Baltinglass ; attended the synod held in Christ church, by John Comyn, archbisliop of Dublin ; inveiglied, in his discourse, against the incontinence of the English clergy, for having, by their ill example, vitiated the hitherto untainted probity and innocence of the clergy of Ireland, Albinus was made bishop of Ferns. See diocese of. A.D. 1314, Griffin was abbot. A.D. 1346, the better to enable the king, Edward III., to resist his Irish enemies, the clergy of Meata granted to him; in tliis y^ar, £40 ; the county of Loutii, £20 ; the prebendaries of the church of St. Patrick, Dublin, 40 nuircs ; the prior of St. John of Jerusalem, 40 marcs ; the clergy of Ossory, £20 ; the clergy of Ferns, £10 ; and the abbot of Baltin- glass, 10 marcs, for tlie aforesaid purpose. A.D. 1377, Pliilip, the abbot, received a full and free pardon for all seditions, felonies, breaches of the peace, conspiracies, confederacies, false allegations, and all other transgressions whatsoever, by him com- mitted, and for wliich he had been indicted. A.D. 11^80, it was enacted by the parliament of the pale, that no mere Irishman sliould be ponuitted to make his profession in the abbey of T^altinglass, which an Irish prince had founded. A.D. 1488, tlie abbot received a pardon for his participation in the afl'air of Lambert Sinmell. John Galbally wivs the last abbot. At the suppression of the abbey, A.D. 1537, an annual pension was granted to him. Hie abbot of Baltinglass (Do valle salutis,) sat aa a baron of parlia- ment. By an inquisition taken in the thirty-third of Henry VIII., the pos- eessions were — forty acres of pasti one Imndred of wood, a niMl and watercourse in Baltinglass, togetlier with thirty mes.sllage^ sever laindred and twenty acres of arable and pasture land, in various parts of the counties of Wicklow and Kildare. lliis abbey and its possessions were granted to Tliomaa Eustace, Viscount Baltinglass ; and by the thirtieth of Elizabeth .i second grant was made to Sir Henry Harrington, to hold for ever, at the annual rent of £11 1!>H. Irish moaoy. Domird-Donmacliard, in the barony of Talbotstown, and six miles north-east of Baltinglass. This was one of the churches which falla- dins, the Honian deacon, foimded, who was chosen and sent a missionarj to Ireland before the arrival of St. I'atrick. 716 ECCLE8U8TICAL HISTOEY OF IBELAND. His disciples SS. Silvester and Salonius were tliere honored as it T^asthe olace of their burial. ' Glendaloch, in the barony of Ballynacor, twentj-two mile3 south of Dubhn, anu eleven north-west of Wicklow. An ancient episcopal seat. See diocese ot Glendaloch. ^ Abbey of Glendaloch, under the invocation of SS. Peter and Paul The abbey of Glendaloch gave origin to the city, which sprang up, and in which a seminary existed, whence went forth many saints and exem p.ary men, whose sanctity and learning diffused around the western world that univei-sal light of lettei-s and religion, which shone resplen- dently throughout the remote and tra^iquil isle in which the valley of Glendaloch is situated. The eminent virtues, exemplary sanctity of ti.e highly revered St. Kevin, the founder, and the miracles which he is said to have wrought, drew multitudes from the towns and cities-from case, affluence, and comfort-from the obligations and cares of civil life-from the comforts and the amusements of society, to be spectators of his piety, and to be partakers in his merits, and to be with him as their model, sharers in the voluntary privations to which hfe subjected his senses, as well as in the sufferings, wliich the cold of a cheerless and gloomy valley, on which the beams of the sun descend not, offered in return for the comforts which his pious and fervent disciples deserted ciioosing the " one thing necessary." ' A.D. 770, Glendaloch was destroyed by fire. A.D. 830, the Danes plundered and sacked this abbey. A.D. 833, they repeated their ravages. A.D. 835, the Danes again burned the abbey. A.D. 860, died the abbot Daniel. A.D. 880, the abbey was plundered by the Danes. A.D. 908, Cormac Mac Cullinan, who was slain in battle, bequeathed an ounce of gold and another of silver to this abbey. A.D.[»27, died Dowlish MacSealvoy, abbot of Timoling, and lecturer of Glendaloch. A.D. 053, died Moel Jonmain, philosopher and anchorite of Glen- daloch. A.D. 955, died the anchorite Dermod. A.D. 957, died tlio anchuiito Martin. A.D. 905. died O'Manchan, anchorite and director of Glendaloch. A.D. 972, died the abbot Coirpro O'Corra. A.D. 977, the Danes of Dublin plundered the town and abbey. A.D. i>83, the tlireo sons of Kearval Afac Lorcan i.lundured the tormon-lands of St. Kevin, but through t!io immediate intercession ot (hat saint, they mot their merited fate, and wore all slain on the day tlioy committed the sacriloijo. remaining, o ECCLKSIASTICAL HISTORY OF mELAND. 717 A.D. 1176, tl.e English adventurers plundered Glendaloch. A.D. 1177, a flood ran through the city, by v/hicli the bridge and mills were swept away, and fishes remained in the midst of the town. A.D. 1197, Thomas was abbot. A.D. 13f>8, the English forces destroyed the city of Glendaloch. It is now a city of ruin and desolation, and its fame is now only known through its history, and will be celebrated, whou even the vestiges still remaining, of its seven churches, and of its former greatness, will totally disappear. Tlie first of these ranks as the cathedral, an(' owes its origin to St. Kevin, by whom it was dedicated to the patron saints of the abbey. It measures forty-eight feet in length and thirty wide. On the south were three small windows, and at the eas't end was an arch seventeen feet six inches wide, behind which was another building, thirty-seven feet six inches in length by twenty-three in width, with a beautiful window at the east end. On the north are two small ones aiul iiic on the south, a door three feet eight inches wide, communicating tu a small building of sixteen feet by ten. Tiie church door is seven feet four inches high, three feet eix inches wide at top, and three feet ten at bottom. The jamb; are composed of four courses and a lintel at top, over which is a discharging arch. Tlie stones are the entire depth of the walls, with a reveal cut at the inside for the door, which appears to have turned on pivots ; holes are cut for bars across, and iron cramps and bolts appear in some places. Several courees of this building are of hewn stone, as well as a kind of pilasters, which project from the eads of the wall to the front and rear, and measure two feet six inches in width ; the wall of the building to the cast, within these, is detached, having the appear- ance of a more modern style. Under a small window, at the south side of tho choir, is a tomb of freestone, ornamented, and in the cemetery stands a round tower one hundred and ten feet high, uncommonly well built, and in fine preser- vation, the roof alone having suffered by the efl'ects of time. At its base it measures fifty-two feet in circumference, the walls being four ieet thick. Tlie remains of several crosses may still bo soon amongst these ruins, and tho one situated in the cemetery particularly merits notice, being one entire stone, eleven feet in height. Tlie second church (vulgarly called St. Kevin's kitchen) is now almost I M tire, having sufTcred alone in tho ruin oi' a window, the only one in tho church, which was placed about eight feet from' the south- east angle, and was ornamented with an architrave elegantly wrought. Tho area of this church measures twenty-two feet nine inches by fifteen. 'Jlie walls are three feet six inches in thickness. At tho east end is an 718 ECCLE8U8TICAL mSTOEY OF lEELANP arch five feet three inches in widlh, which comnamicates with another building, ten feet six inch^ in length, by nine feet three inches in widtli on the north side of which is a door two feet two inches wide, which communicates with another chapel of the same length and seven feet nine inches in width ; each of these buildings has a small window in the centre to the east ; the walls are three feet thick, and both measure twelve feet in height. Tlie foundation, with two or three coui-ses of the building, is laid of cut mountain grit-stone. The door is six feet eight inches high, two feet four inches wide at top, and two feet eiglit inches at bottom ; most of the stones run through the entire thickn'^ss of the wall; the lintel is five feet eight inches in length by eleven and a half in depth, and a rude cornice, projecting about five inches, and mciisur- ing four feet ten inches long by six in depth, is worked out of the same stone. A round belfry rises from the west end of the church, tlie entrance to it being a square aperiure in the cove of the church, over which, between the cove and the roof, as at St. Colamba's cell at Kells, is a large space open to the belfry, that received its li^lit from a Jmall window. The height of thip tower is about forty-five feet ; the roof of both church and tower is composed of thin stones very neatly laid, and with a very high pitch; the ridge of the roof is about thirty feet from the ground, and tlie double buildhig at the rear is only twenty feet. In this building a difference in the workmanship is perceptible, shewing an inferiority of skill and execution as well as difference of time in- the erection. The third. Our Lady's Church, the most westward of the seven, and: nearly opposite to the cathedral, is now almost in ruins ; but, from tlio doorway, and the few remains of the walls, it appears to have been built with more knowledge of the art than the other structures, or in oiher word-^, m—h later. The church door consists of only three courses; the liiV is five feet six inches in length and fourteen and a half inches in depth ; it is six feet four in heiglit, two feet six at top and two feet ten at bottom. A kind of arciiitrave is worked round the door six inches broad, and in tije bottom of the lintel an ornament m wrought in a cross. The walls ai-e carried up with hewn stone, in gen- cral of a large size, to about the ];eight of the door, and the remainder are of the rude mountain rag-stone, but laid incomparably well. At the east end was an arch of hewa stone exactly similar to that of the cathedral. The fourth church (the sepulchre of the kings, and called Reefeart) is famous for having seven princes interred within its limits. In this church is the tomb of O'Tooie, the an(!ient chieltuin of the country, with an in8crii)tion iu the Irisii character. HX3I,E8USTICAL HXSTOEY OF mELAND. tu- Tlie, fifth, the priory of St. Saviour, commonly called the Eastern Church. Of thia building little can be said, as the foundation only re- mains, A quantity of stone, renuirkably well wrought, was discovered, and on removing the rubbish, two cluster: of columns were found with curious emblematic decorations, which had supported a great fretted arch composed of these stones. The sixth cimrch is somewhat situated to the westward, and haa large breaches in its walls, long since mantled with ivy ; entirely un- roofed, there is nothing worthy of remark to be found in this building. The seventh, TempuU na Skellig, situated in the recess of the south mountain, was the ancient Priory of the Rock, and was also called the Temple of the Desert, both names being expressive of the " Irish appel- lation." The celebrated bed of St. Kevin, on the south side of the lough, is a cave hewn in the solid rock on tlie side of the mountain, exceedingly difficult of ascent, and alarming in its prospect, as it hangs perpendicu- larly over tiie lake, at a great height above the surface of the water. At a small distance from this bed, on the same side of the mountain, are to be seen Uie ruins of a small stone building, called St Kevin's cell. Inisboyne, in the barony of Arklow, on the sea-coast, and about four miles south-east of Wicklow. St. Baithen, the son of Finnaigh, was abbot of Inisbaoithin, near Kilmantan, in the western pai't of Leinster. Killgorman. St. Mogorman is said to have been bishop of thia church in the eastern part of Leinster and deanery of Arklow. A St. Gorman is also said to have been abbot of this place. It ia now parochial. Killaird, alias Druimard, which ought to be placed in the county of Tipperary, and barony of Ikerin. A nunnery, in which St. Tamtliina, the virgin, was abbess, and where her festival was long observed. St. Aidus, the bishop of Killare, visited the nunnery of Druimard. Killnaningean, now unknown, near Arklow, in the territory of Criochchualan. St. Brigid, said to have been the sister of St. Colman of Cloyne, was abbess of a nunnery here, where she was honored on the Cth of March. Shruthair more properly should be placed in King's county, near the church of Sletty. A St. Mogoroc was revered on the 23d of Decem- ber in the church of Dergne, in Ily-bruin chualan, a part of the present county of Wicklow. Archdall thinks that Shruthair may be the same as Dergne, though he places Shruthair, near Sletty, which is in the Queen's county, having a monastery there in the tenth century. A.D. yoi, died the abbot Moelpolius or I'aulinus, III 780 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOET OF IRELAND. A.D. 952, died the abbot Coincomrach, who also governed the church of Killeaspuic Sanctan fin the barony of Ratlidown, and county of Dublin), and now called Cill-da-leis. A.D. 1335, died the abbot MacCathail. Teachnaromhan, in the territory of Ilygarchon. St. Palladius founded this church, now unknown. Whalley Abbey. See Ballykine, in this county. Wicklow, the capital of Wicklow county, a seaport and market- town, in the barony of Arklow, and on the river Leitriin. In 1301, Wicklow was burned by the Irish, and in 1375, William Fitz William, who had erected the castle of Wicklow, was appointed governor of all that part of the country. In the reign of king Henry III., a monastery for conventual Fran- ciscans was founded in the town of Wicklow, by the O'Brynes and O'Tooles. Dermod O'Moore was the last warden ; and the inquisition, taken 10th of May, and in the fifth of Edward VI., finds, that at the time of his surrender, he was seized of nine acr-^s of arable land, and one acre of meadow, annual value, besides reprises, 26s. lOd. 28th July and seventeenth of queen Elizabeth, a lease of said friary was granted to Henry Harrington, for the term of twenty-one years, at the annual rent of £3 12s. 9d. Irish money. Tlie walls of this friary still remain, and are enclosed within the walls of a garden, whose proprietor seems to study their preservation. BOCLE8IA8TICAL HI8TOEY OF IBKLAITO. 721 CnAPTER LXVn. THE EARLY MARTYRS OP IRELAND— MASSACRES OF THE DANES-SCHISMA- TIOAL PROCKKDINGS OF THE EIGHTH HENRY— REIGNS OF EDWARD VL, MARY, ELIZ BKTII— EXCOMMUNICATION OF, BY THE PONTIFF ST. PIUS v.— TREACHERY OP ELIZABETH BEFORE HER DEATH TOWARDS SOME RELIGIOUS OF IRELAND, Ac— THE MARTYRED PRELATES AND ECCLESI. ASTICS OF IRELAND-DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS KINDS OP TOR- TURE USED UNDER THE PAGAN PERSECUTORS-SHORT ACCOUNTS OP NERO, JULIAN THE APOSTATE, DIOCLETIAN, MAXIMINUS, VALKNS THli ARIAN, ANASTASIUS, ARIUS, NESTORIUS, MONTANUS AND CERINTUUS, MANES, LUTHER, AND CALVIN. A.D. 452, Odran, the faithful servant of St. Patrick, was transfixed with a lance by a wicked Irish prince, named Failge, generously laying down his own life to preserve to Ireland that of her national apostle. O Iran is the only martyr on record whose blood has been shed by the lands of an Irishman within the precincts of tlie island. A.D. 500, about this year, St. Dympna, an Irish vii-gin, suffered martyrdom. She was the daugliter of an Irish prince, Darnen, or of a son of h" , king of Orgiel, and who was also the grandfatlier of St. Enda, of Arran, who having lost his wife, conceived an unnatural affection for his daughter, and wislied to marry Iier on account of her extraordinary beauty, and the great likeness slie bore to her mother. Dympna was secretly a Christian (as Englisli ladies are now-a-days privately Catho- lic), and had been baptized and instructed bv a worthy priest, named Gerebern, by whom her mother, as well as othei-s, were attended. To avoid being forced to submit to her father's liorrible pi-oposal, &he contrived to escape from Ireland, accompanied by her jiious instructor and soirie other persons, and safely arrived at Antwerp, whence she went to Gheel, then a small place, now a populous town of Brabant. Here she fonnd a church dedicated to St. Martin, near which she pro- cured a habitation for licrsclf and her companions, where thev led a most religious life, the priest Gerebern celebrating the divine mysteries for tliem in the church. Tlie king, being apprized of her flight, sailed in quest of bis daughter, attended by many followers, and havinir also 40 ^ ' o ,. I ,) /.(•fp - K'-* -.* ^a 722 B0CLE8IA8TICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. arrived at Antwerp, sent persons through tlie country to make enquiries concerning Dympna. Some of them stopped for a night at Westerloo and on tlie next morning, when paying their liost for tlie accommodation they had received, in Irish money, were tolil by liim, tliat he liad some coins like theii-s, the value of which he did not precisely know. On being asked how he had gotten them, he said that a young and very beautiful lady, who had come over from Ireland, and who lived in a retired place, not far distant, together with a venerable old priest, was in the habit of sending some of thesd coins to him for such articles as ehe needed. Having procured directions to the retreat of the virgin they saw her at a distance, and on recognizing her, immediately returned to Antwerp, and informed the king of the discovery they iiad made. Her father went with his attendants to the place, where she was, and having found her and Gerebern, endeavored to persuade her to accede to his infamous design. Gerebern, beginning to remonstrate against his conduct, was instantly put to death, and again the father strove to obtain her assent. Dynipna was iuHexible, and reproaching him with the wickedness of his proceeding, declared that she detested his gods and goddesses, j^nd that nothing should induce her to offend Jesus Christ, the true spouse of her soul. Hereupon the king liecame out- rageous, and gave orders that she should be beheaded. As all his attendants declined to obey the savage command, he became the execu- tioner himself, and irurdered his own daughter. Her remair ,, and those of Gerebern, were left exposed, but after some time were deposited in a cavern by sonij of the neighbc/ring inhabitants. They were, in process of time, removed elsewhere ; those of Gerebern to a place named Southbeck, in the Ducliy of Cleves, and those of Dympna to Gheel, where they are preserved in a precious urn and with great care, in a collegiate churcli, called after her name. Tlie day of iier martyrdom is said to have been a 30th of May ; the 15th of that month, on which her festival is kept, being the anniversary of a translation of her relics. In the Pagan era of Ireland, the worst, even of Persian practices, such as the marriage of a son with his mother, occurred tliere, as well as in other countries then far removed from the savage state. Proud England, Protestant as she is, and glorying in her spirit of evangelical liberty, in the enlightened nineteenth century, is steeped in incestuous turpitude, as her courts of justice fully attest. A.D. GIG, the blessed Maelpatrick, and Munganus the anchorite, were put to death at Old Leighlin, county Carlow, by robbers or pirates, either Danes or Saxons. A.D. 65G, St. Livinus was decapitated on the 12th of Kovember; as he is styled bishop of Dublin. See diocese of. Livinus Ireland, but bishop, untii its erection i Dublin, plat A.D. 68f conia, with 1 divine office church of 1 patron. Set A.D. 77? was put to d In the w troops, rifled tered the reli O'SuUiva to the deatl wound, whicl mortified, ret A.D. 812, were kept i through hunj A.D. 818, Bangor, conn in number, tc A.D. 824, Danes in the Blathmac wa opposition to bishop and so p.nd afterwarc foreign parts, panions, he a( long sqjournir was anxious t ing there, wh others to sta; encounter the While cel( panions, the I bystanders, ca which were c( been brought BCCLK8IA8TICAL HISTOKT OF IRELAND, 723 I-ivinus seems to have been a bishop before his departure from Ireland, but there is no authority for ranking Dublin as the scat of a bishop, until, after their conversion to Christianity, the Danes procured its erection into a bishopric, a fact which the registry of Christ's church,' Dublin, places beyond doubt. A.D. 689, July the 8th, St. Kylian, the illustrious apostle of Fran- conia, with his holy companions, Colman and Totnan, while singing the divine office, was put to death. Their remains were interred in the church of Wurtzburrh, where St. Kilian is revered as apostle and patron,. See page 338. A.D. T75, June the 24th, St. Rumold, also called bishop of Dublin was put to death. See diocese of Dublin. ' In the wars of 1580, Sir Jolm Norris, in command of the English troops, rifled the cathedral of Meclin, destroyed the shrine, and scat- tered the relics of St. Rumold. O'Sullivan Beare relates some extraordinary circumstances relative to the death of Norris. However this may be, Norris received a wound, which he concealed, through pride, and having become suddenly mortified, reduced his body to a mass cf putrefaction. A.D. 812, the monks of the monastery of Skellig, countv Kerry, were kept in close confinement by the Danes, until they 'perished through hunger. A.D. 818, the Danes broke open the shrine of F " .cr-,r ot Bangor, county Down, and put the abbot and his monk' >ed in number, to death. A.D. 824, January the 19th, St. Blathraac was n:: Danes in the abbey of Ily, while Diarmit was abbot of ti Blathmac was a native of Ireland, and heir to a principalis^ opijosition to his father and others, among whom are mentioneu a bishop and some abbots, he retired from the world and became a monk, and afterwards an abbot. Having had an ardent desire to visit some foreign parts, from which he was prevented by his friends and com- panions, he at length passed over to the island of Hy, where he was not long sojourning, when a party of Danes approached the island. As he was anxious to receive the crown of martyrdom, he resolved on remain- ing there, whatever might happen, and by his example induced some others to stay along with him, advising those ho did not wish to encounter the impendii.g danger, to make their escape. While celebrating mass, attended by his foithful and intrepid com- panions, the Danes ruslied into the church, and ha zing slaughtered the bystanders, came up to him, and asked for the precious metals within which were contained the holy remains of St. Columba. These, having been brought back from North Britain, had been concealed ^nder ■ 1 ■ ' i 1, "f ■ J ■ B ■ I ■ ^fl! B 724 ECCLKsiAancAi, hi8tct;t op raEI.AND, ground ; Blaitlimac not knowing in wlmt particular spot. Aceordinfri- •lie answered that Lo did not know where they were ; adding, that if he did, he would not point them out. lie was then put to death. The name of this martyr is marked in some Irish calendars at July the 24th probably as the day of a transij'tion of his r nains. A.D. 833, on Christmas night, the Danes forcibly entered the abbey of Clonemore, and inhumarjy massacred many of the monks. A.D. 835, they also massacred many more of tlie monks of this monastery. A.D. 838, the Danes massacred the clergy of Clonard, county Meath. A.D. 830, the Danes killed and captured many bishops and other reverend men of the abbey of Louth. A.D. 841, Moran Maclnrachty, abbot of Cloghor, county Tyrone was slain by the Danes. A.D. 843, Hugh MacP-ffe, abbot of Tirdaglas, county Tipperary, was put to death by the Danes. Ilis festival is observed on the 8th of July. A.D. 843, Aldus, abbot of Clonenagh, Qnen's county, wa? crowned •with martyrdom by the Danes. A.D. 843, Eethernac, prior of Kildare, with many ot^ -^rs of note who were there at the time, was barbarou&ly put to the sword by tl.o DaJies. Nuad, of Killachad (Killeigh, King's county), was slain by the Danes. A.D. 854, Sodamna, bishop of Slane, martyred by the Danes. A.D. 872, Donogh Mp.c Mo} Iduin, abbot of Killeigh, martyred by the Danes. In 885, O'Mannan, prior of Cluain-muiu, county of Donegal, was martyred by the Danes. In the same year, Dnnchad Mac Maeldun, abbot of Killdelge, Queen's county, and many others, not enumerated, were martyred by the Danes. A.D 917, the abbot of Trevet, county Meath, Indrech Inreachta, was barbarously murdered by the Danes. A.D. 938, the abbot Snibne, or Sweeny, of Slane, county Meath, was slain by the Scandinavians. A.D. 943, Colman, archdeacon of Slane, was martyred by the Northmen. A.D. 946, Colman, dean of Slane, was put to death by the Danes. ^v.D. 948, Probus, with ma"" others, \fns> consumed by fire in the tower of Slane chur li, to whicL the Danes were accessory. A.D 948, one hundred and fifty monks, in the abbey of Drurarath, county of "Westraeath, were burned by the Ostmen. A.D. 965, Mured, abbot of Kildare, was slain by the Danes. few years. The Da to the true the conque hordes, wh Tliough to themseb the govern seize on tin given to th spirit of th nincli patr the Iris'' \ soil of Ircl harp of Er of heroes, i the numbe been reser^ rest as a st: as well as ( the errors < system oP torch, and ECCLEflASTICAL H18T0EY OF ISELAlfn. '.25 A.D. 980, the Danes of Dublin crowned witli martyrdom the abbot of Diirrow, King's county, Moy'° Kieran O'Mayney. A.D. 973, St. FM-udacli, abbot of Rathlin Island, county Antrim, was martyred by the Danes. A.D. 1022, St. Colman honored as a martyr in Austria. A.D. 1031, ;\vo hundred perished in the flames of the monastery of Ardbraccun, county Menth, to which the Danes of Dublin set f.re. A.D. 1065, John, the apostle of Sclavonia and bishop of Mscklen- burgh, was beheaded about this year, at Eethi^, by the order of a Pagan governor. In making these savage attacks on the monasteries of Ireland, many of which were restored a ..ost as quickly as they were consuined by the flames, the Danish barbarians were, it appeai-s, actuated by a desire of enriching themselves with the treasures of the saced shrines, iu which were deposited the relics of the holy founder.'-. Hence it is, that the ebbots of the monasteries were so frequently the objects of their parti- cular fury, as they were suppose^^ to know the secret places in which tlese shrines were concealed. Ireland must, in those times, have abounded in wealth, otherwise it is not easy to account for the many ravages committed on a single monastery, as at Slane, in the course of a few years. The Danish invadere were not then Christians, and when converted to the true faith, they were as patriotic as the native Irish in resisting the conquest of our dear isle by the really more vage Anglo-Norman hordes, who violated everything, sacred and profane. Tliough the Danish predatory incui-sions, many of which were fatal to themselves, weakened and harassed the country, as well .is enfeebled the government of the native princes, yet the Danes were never able to seize on the throne of Ireland, as they did that of proud Albion, having given to the latter three monarchs, and having effectually crushed the spirit of the Britons. Had the same national spirit that exhibited so nincli patriotism and bravery on the battle-field of Clontarf,- pervaded the Iris'' princes when the foul footsteps of the Saxons polluted the soil of Ireland, the soul of r usic would not have fled, nor would the harp of Erin be slumbering in those halls wherein were sung the featg of heroes, saints, aiid sages. But according to the councils of heaven, the number of Irish martyrs is not yet complete, and to England hiis been reserved the performance of those tragic scenes wlilch shall ever rest as a stain upon the character of that country until time be no more, as well as exhibit the futility of pei-secution as a means of propagating the errors of siipcrst'tion or of heicticiil tenets. In spreading her false system of reli'jion, l-'.nghmd has employed the rack, the gibbet, tlio torch, and the fagot ; and when these instruments fail her, lying anvJ 726 ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOET OF IRELAND. falsehood, calumny and misrepresentation, which she mnst inherit from the « father of lies," and with wliicli her people, from the peer to the peasant, from the highest eUoe of her ecclesiastical regime to the most stupid of her parsons, are more than amply endowed, are industriously circulated. When the Catholic church is to be maligned and insultec" lest public attention be directed towards the huge robberies wliich England has committed in the name of religion— robberies which demonstrate her as that "scarlet lady" brimful of crime against God and his saints— intoxicated with the blood of her martyred children • and again, wlien these vile agencies prove defective, as well as unsuc- cessful, thereby demonstrating that such are not the means wliieh Heaven can or 2ould a])prove, England extends the a>gis of her protec- tion to every European liberal who chooses to associate his name with that of a political regenerator of his country, and whose breast is over- full of hatred to the Catholic church. With such firebrands she excites in foreign states seditions and commotions, which her Cecils and Palmerstons sanction by their diplomatic smiles, in order that England the land ' of Knghmd cannot l>o road without tears, wl l><;hohl that nutioi,, ouco the most zeal len wo OU9 in tho cause of Cafholiclty, ECCLK8IA8TICAL HTSTOET OF lEELAND. 727 now become its most infuriated enemy. Who will not be tonclied with sorrow to see a kingdom once attached to the centre of unity and of faith, submerged in every error and heresy to which man in the pride of his rebellious spirit has given origin? Fifteen English kings and eleven queens have renounced the world and assumed the habits of reli- gion in different convents; twelve kings were martyrs, and ten have been placed on the catalogue of saints. It is said, that previous to the schism, there was not a village in England which had not a patron- saint born on the spot. IIonv dreadful, then, to behold this land the abode of scliism and heresy ! England, it is said, received the faith in the time of Tiberius Csesar. Joseph of Aramathea, says Saundei's, with twelve disciples, introduced Cliristianity into the island, which in the time of Pope Eleutherius had spread so much, that, at the request of King Lucius, the pontitf sent them Fngacius and Damiuu, who baptized the king and many of his subjects, and having cast down the idols, consecrated many churches, and established several bishoprics. Enghuid remained firm in the faith during the persecution of Diocletian, and many of her primitive Chris- tians sealed their faith with tlieir blood. During the reign of Constan- tiiie, the tirst Christian emperor, the faith increased very much, and though many had fallen into the errors of x\rius and IVlagius, they wei-e reconverted by the preaching of SS. Germaiue and Lupus, two holy bishops, who came from France, having been sent for that purpose by the then presiding i)oiitilf of Komo. About the year 59G, the Saxon crnKpiest abnost extinguished the embei-s of the faith; but St. Gregory the (ireat, then the representative of Jesus Christ, and the successor of St. Peter, sent over St. Austin, with forty Benedictine monks, who con- verted the whole Saxon poi)ulation, and for nearly a tliousand years after, they were remarkable fur their zeal in the cause of the faith and their veneration and respect towards tlie holy Koiium ami Apostolic See. During tliis long period there were no sovereigns of Europe moro obedient to the See of Komo thitn those of England. In the vear ILM'J, King .Inhn and the barons of the kingdom made England fJudatory to the Holy See, holding tiie realms of I'iiighuKl and Ireland as iielk from the Pope, unci paying a thousand marcs every year on the feast of St. Michael, and Peter's pence accor.ling to the number of hearths in tho«e kingdoms, wliicli was tirst proim'sed b.v king Iiui, A.D. 7-l(», augmented by King Ktholf, and piii, which was always ol)served till Henry's reign, when, to satisfy a debasing j.assion for u wicked woman, ho plunged III 728 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IBELAND. himself into a vortex of crimes and involved the nation in his ruin thns making Lngland, once the glory of tlxe church, a sink of wicked. esT "npiety, turpitude, and error. In tlae year 1501, Henry VII. marr d his eldest son, Arthur, to Catharine, of Arragon, the daughter u Catholic Majesty Ferdinand; but that prince having died before the coi^uinniatioii of his marriage, she was then wedded to his second .on, Henry VII ., Pope Julius II. granting a dispensation with a v e ' of preserving the peace witli Spain. At this time Henry was si attached to the Catholic religion, that, when Luther attacked it he pei^ecuted the followers of the German heresiarch to death, and caused a Ins books t. be burned in his presence by the public 'execulw Ho then published a book defending the doctrine of faith in .he seven «acraments in opposition to Martin Luther (though some attribute it to Jislier, bishop of Rochester), and dedicated it to Pope Leo X. "^. '„ this occasion honored Henry with the title of " Detender of th^ Faith " s ..gilt. Lut becoming enamored of Anna Poleyn, and blind to everv lung except the indulgence of his lu-utal passion, he began to entertv n towards Ka,han„o the greatest ave.ion, though they had spent tw 1 live years m connubial bliss and happincis. ^ Anna Boleyn, the repuM duuyhter of Ilcnnj himself, was consid ered t e most beautiful woman in England, and perceivi;: th Zt Hion which or charms had raised in the king's breast, L wj af.! enough to refu.se him admission to her presence unless the tie of m" riage, licit or otlierwise, would sanction her assent. Such was tL ardent temper of Henry, that .ho more resisted in any .ish, e , US obje t, he desp,.od Ins acco.nplice. Aware, then, that his ne-^.ti. t.on w.th_ Anna Boleyn would be frui,h.ss, he re,s.>lved on .he r sh i :!;::;;r:i;t:;::'""'^^^^"^''^^^^^"^'^-^^^^^^^^^^^^ rnfortimate England w„« „t this period almost governed bv Tliomas AVoisey, a man of low birth, but wh..e infigning dispos , gained so much on the good will ..f the sovereign, that he Tvas . .v not only to the archbishopric cf York, but also to the high .,,i; keeper of the u.ags c.H.soence advise.l him to .eek a .livorce, at the .Bme tnno HHHunng him that his nn.rriage with Catha.me wa. nOt legal a« BIO liac been his brother's wife. Wolsey's objecri.m could not bo :;;-"'. ", ^ "*»'" ^"''^ "^""^ » dmpoimution in the case, nnd m the Mill. •( nil. irif ♦...(. ....:..i...l . . ' ' "" the iinp>'nHonted, but tl.n cause, *• * * *'j ttpi'VdtV'i one of them, as bIio all other under obligations to h tiisBt these prelates &•■ tl 1, being the Notwithstan jUuiflra Ox liCf subjef! id tl 10 ng the justice of her appeal, tlio cnso wus tried in England. Henry, certain ot a fuvorablo 780 BCCLK8IASTICAL HISTORY OP IBELAITO. issue, wislied for an immediate decision, as one of the judges was tlie prime mover of the intrigue ; but Wulsey, now viewing more calmlv the tempest wliich he had excited, portending ruin to- religion, and undei-standing the scandal wliich his obsequiousness to the will of the sovereign would cause, evaded coming to an issue on the subject. The pope, having admitted the justice of the queen's appeal, pro- hibited the cardinal legates ficm proceeding with the cause, wliich he transferred to his own tribunal. Henry tliereon sent Craiiiner to Rome to watch his affairs. The representative of Henry at Rome was a priest of immoral life, who had privately embraced the Lutheran doctrines and who was indebted to Anna Boleyn for the king's favor. The patron and the advocate seemed worthy of each other. In the mean- time Henry strove to draw over to his cause Reginald Pole and Thomas More, both of whom regarded the interests of religion too well to become his venal supporters. In order to frighten the pontifi' into com- pliance with l-is wishes, Henry prohibited, under the gravest penalties any of his subjects from recurring to Rome for any favor or grace' without his consent. With Wolsey the king became furious, because he did not expedite the sentence in iiis favor, and banished him to liis sec «.f York. Soon after, an order was given for his arrest, and on his way to London, whither the king commanded tliat he sliuuld be brought, but suffering much on his journey, and distressed in mind as well at in body, the cardinal breathed his last in the abbey of Leicester, in the month of Decemlier, 1530. "Had I served God," said he, "aL faith- fully as I served tiie king, he would not have given me over in my grey hairs." Yes, death pointed out to him the instability of earthly friwul- ship and dignity, reminding jiim, at the same time,'that our heavenly father is the only true and sincere friend, whoso chastisement is pater- nal, and whoso anger with his children, when they offend, is remedial, and conducive towards that immortal destiny wliich he has intended for us. The advocate of Henry wrote from Rome, that ho Ibnnd it impos- sible to obtain the P..i)o'8 consent to the divorce. He was tlien recalk'd by the king, and having gone to (Jernmny, ho there niarrie.l the sister or niece of Osiander, wliom he afterwards imported into England in a ciisk, lest his liege lord, Henry, would send liis head to the block for a violation of that continence -.vliich ho enforced in tiio clergy. Rut on the death of Warrham, the archbisiiop of Canterl)ury, (Janmer was appointed his suoceysor, witii the express condition cf pronouncing a sontenco of divorce between the king and his wife C.'atharine. Iloirrv, tinding that the clergy of the kingdom esjioused the cause of the injured queen, resolved on punishing them by a " prannunire," for preferring tho legatinc to the royal authority. The clergy, alarmed at the pro- ECCLE8U8TI0AL HI8T0EY OF IBELAND. 731 ceeding, and left without the protection of the holy See, offered the king the sum of 400,000 crowng to compromise the matter, and admitted his sovereign power in the reahn, both over the clergy and laity, Thomas More, seeing the ruin of England at hand, resigned the chancellorship, and tlie Pope, Clement VII., anxious to prevent the imminent daiij^er to religion, as well as to the realm, from the admira- tion of ITenry for Anna, as his mistress, endeavored to deter the king by sentence of exconnnunication, should he attempt to marry Anna while the (luestion of the divorce was undecided. Tlie prohibition infu- riated Jlenry the more, and despising the admonitions and censures of the Pope, ho v.''i« privately wedded to Anna Boleyn, before the break of day, in the montii of December, 1532, having, beforeliand, created her countess of Pembroke. Roland Lee was the officiating priest ; and it is believed by some that Henry deceived him, telling him that he had procured the Pope's permission to marry again. Under favor of the new queen, Thomas Cromwell was now advanced to the higliest honors. Tliomas was a man of the greatest cuniiini' and of the most unbounded ambition, aiul, moreover, a Ibllower of the Lutheran doctrine. lie was appointed knight of the garter, grand chamberlain of the kingdom, keeper of the privy seal, as well as vicar- general in eocloaiastical atfaira, wliieli he entirely managed as he pleased, in conjunction with arclibishop Craiimer and the new chancellor, Audley. Thomas obliged ecclesiastics to take an oath of obedience in spirituals, to tlie king, as they did previously to the Pope. Every means were tried to induce the venerable P'isher, bishop of Rochester, to take this oatb, which he at fii-st refused to do, but at length consented, adding, as a condition, " inasmuch as it was not opposed to the divine Word." This pilhir of the church shaken, it was not difficult to induco the rest of the clergy to give in their adhesion to the new order ol things. Craniner could now throw off the mask, and perform liis com- pact with Henry, lie accordingly pronounced the marriage of Henry with Catharine opposed to the divine law, declaring the king at liberty to contract nnuriage with another woman, whereupon Henry eolenmly wedded his favorite Anna on the 13th of April, 1533. Clement VH. now seeing that nn'ld measures were ineffectual, deter- mined to act with extreme severity. The marriage with Aniui was declared invalid ; the issue thereof, either present or future, illegitimate ; and Catharine was declared as restored to her conjugal and royal rights. Henry was excominuiicatod for his contumacy to the holy See, a month luiving been allou'od. him for reflection and rei>e!itancOi But the obsti- nate temper of Henry was not to bo subdued l»y mild or harsli mea sures while in pursuit of an infamous desi'-e. On his part, he {)rohibited any one from giving the title of queen to Catharine, or stylinjf her 733 KCX3LKSIA8TICAIi mSTOEY OF lEEXAND. daughter, Mary, heiress of the kingdom, though she was proclaimed as Buch by the estates of tlie realm. Henry declared her illegitimate and sent her to live with her mother, Catharine. In the meantime' Anna Boleyn had a daughter, Elizabeth, born on the 7th of September' five months after her solemn marriage with Henry, M7ho continued his persecution of the Catholics by sending to prison bishop Fisher, Sir Thomas More, and two hundred observantine friars of the order of St. Francis. And in the parliament assembled on the 3d of November 1534, a bill was passed in both houses, declaring Mary, the daughter of Catharine, excluded from the succession, and recognizing Elizabeth Anna's daughter, as heiress to the throne. The power of the Pope in England and Ireland was rejected at the same time, and whoever professed to believe in the supremacy of the holy See was declared a rebel. Henry assumed an autliority over the bishops of the kingdom which the pontiff never possessed ; for he granted them their powers as if they were secular officers, and revocable at his will, at the same time restricting them in the right of ordaining priests or publishing censures without his consent. Finally, it was decreed that the king was eupreme head of the church of England ; that to him alone it belonged to extirpate heresies, correct abuses ; and that to him, by right, belonged all tithes and first fruits. The name of the Pope was expunged from the liturgy, and among the petitions of Henry's new-fangled litany, the following one was impiously inserted :— '•' From the tyranny and detes- table enormities of the bishop of Rome, deliver us, O Lord !" Henry, well knowing that his assumption of 8i)iritual power was without precedent, and that it was condenmed by Catholics as well as by the new " apostle,^, Lutlwr and Calinn," gave ordei-s that it should l)e defended by theologians in their writiiig.s some of whom volun- tarily, others by force, undertook to maintain such an UTitcnablo doc- trine. How different was the conduct of the fi ret Christian emp ror, Constantino, when he entered the assembly of the fathers, who met at Kicp, ro ])ronounce anatliema against tlie blasjihomiesof the arch-heretic Arius:— "God," says the pious emperor, "has made you priests, and ]ui3 given you ])ower even to judge ourselves, and we are properly judged by you, for you are given to us by Ood, as gods on tliis earth, and it is not meet that man should judge goils." IIo said, in continu- ation, " that it afforded him the greatest consolation to see so matiy fathers thus united in the same sentimonts. Ily recommended peace to them, and gave every one liberty to sjjeak Jiis mind of Pole, he wreaked his vengeance on his mother, the countess of Salisbury, his brother, and uncle, who were executed, so that this noble family was almost destroyed and bronglit to ruin. He, for the same reason, began a most dreadful persecution of the friars, especially the Franciscans, Carthusians, and Brigittines, many of whom he put to death, besides bisliop Fisher and Sir Thomas More, While Fisher was in prison. Pope Paul HI. created him cardinal, which so much offended the royal tyrant, that lie at once condemned him to death. It is related of tliis holy man, that when he was about to be led to the place of execution, he dressed himself iu the best clothes he could procure, as that was, he said, the day of his marriage ; and as on account of his age, and his sufferings in prison, he was so weak that he was obliged to lean on a staff ; when he came in sight of the gibbet he cast it awaj', and cried out : " Kow, my feet, do your duty, you have but a little way to carry me." Wlien he ascended the gibbet lie entone;! the Te J)eum, and thanked the Almighty for permitting him to die for the faith ; he tlien laid I'.is head on the block. When Sir Thomas More lieard that the bishop of Rochester was condemned to death, he exclaimed : " O Lord, I am unworthy of sucli glory, but I hope thou wilt render me worthy." His wife came to the prison to induce him to yield to the king's wishes, but he refused. After fourteen months' confinement he was brought to trial, and was condemned to lose his head. When about to mount the scaH'old, he calletl to a man near him, to assist in climbing the steps. " When I am come down, my friend," said he, " I will want no one to assist me." On the scaffold he pro- tested before the people that lie died for the Catholic faith. He then most devoutly recited tlie psalm Miserere, and resignedly laid bis head upon the block. Tlius ended the lives of tiiese eminent men, whose execution spread a general gloom all over England. AVIien Pope Paul III. was informed of the disastrous turn of affairs, lie summoned Henry and all his accomplices to his tribunal ; and in cnso of contumacy, fulminated the sentence of excommunication against liitn, but without making it public, as there wa« still some hope left that Henry would change his conduct— which unf«)rtunatoly every day more and more involved him in crime. As head of the cliurdi, ho 784 B0CLE8IA8TICAL HT8T0RT OF IKEI^AND. ■ issued a commission to his vicar-general, Tiiomas Cromwell, a mere laic, to visit the convents, boih of males and females, in his dominions • to dismiss all religious who were not twenty-four yeai-s of a-e, and to leave the others at liberty to depart or remain, as they wislied-a pro ceeding by which thousands of religious were flung back into the world, whose vanities they had abandoned. About this time Queen Catharine died, having borne her affliction with patience, and before her death having written to the king a letter that would soften the hardest heart. The vengeance of the Almighty was fast impendin.. over Anna Boleyn, who had been the cause of so much misery and woe, to religion as well as to the realm. Henry's affectiun was now reaching its cooling point, as he laid his lustful eyes on Jane Seymour one of her maids of honor. Anna had still some hopes of regaining his lost -affection, by presentmg him with a male heir. In this e° pectation Bhe was however disappointed, as the fruit of her adulterous, or perhaps worse marriage, was still-born. Now her misfortune became apparent She was accused of incest with her brother, George Boleyn, and of crime with four others of tiie court. Her roval admirer at first refused to give credence to the charges, but his jealousy wiis raised, and his love for Jane Seymour likewise contributed to her ruin. Anna who could not sympathise with the injured Catharine, was at once 'com- mitted to the Tower of London. Oranmer, who entered on an iniquitous compact with Henry, was now called upon to invalidate the marriage with Anna, and declare Elizabeth, her daughter, illegitimate, as Anna was married during the lifetime of Lord Percy, earl of Northumber- land, between whom and Anna Boleyn, it was asserted, there was a contract of marriage. The charge, however, was not founded in fact, Percy having been only anxious to marry her. Anna was tried for adultery, and found guilty. She was to bo burned or beheaded, at the king's pleasure. The unfortunate woman requested permission to speak with the king, hut was refused. All the favor she could obtain was that she should be beheaded ; her brother and the four paramoui-s to undergo the same fate. On the day of her execution, the lieutenant of the Tower remarked to her, as if to console her, that her execution would be brief, as the axe-man was very expert in performing his busi- ness. She smilingly answered, " My neck is very slender." Henry the next day married Jane Seymour, wife the third, and in the fullness of his indignation at the treason and unfaithfulness of hit, dear Anna Boleyn, convoked the parliament on the 7th of Juno, 1530, and had the law passed in favor of Ellzabefii repealed, by which Mary,' the daugliter of Latliarine, was excluded from the throne. And this parliament, in its collected wisdom, enacted six articles for the regula- tion of religious affuira in the kingdom. Ist. That the transubstantia- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF ISEULND. 7S5 tion of the bread into the body of Christ in the Eucliarist, was an article of faith. 2d. That communion should be given under one kind. 3rd. That the celibacy of the clergy should be observed. 4th. That the vow of chastity was binding. 5th. That the celebration of the mass was in conformity with the divine law, and that private masses were not only useful but necessary. 6th. That auricular confession should be strictly practised. These articles were confirmed by the king and by his parliament, and penalties imposed on all who should either believe or teach doc- trines contrary to them. The king's primacy was left intact, so that Henry, in right of his spiritual headship, appointed his vicar, Thomas Cromwell, though a layman, to preside at all the synods of the bishops. When Pope Paul III. was informed of all these sacrilegious attempts on the integrity of faith, and especially of the insult oftered to tlie memory of St. TliAmas-ii-Beckr^, who was tried and condemned, as a traitor to his country, and his sacred body disinterred, burned, and the ashes thrown into the Thames, he published a brief on the Ist of January, 1538, ordering that the sentence before passed against the tyrant should be published. It was, however, delayed on account of the melancholy death of Queen Jane, who died hi child-birth, leaving an heir, Edward VI., under whom the ruin of the country was completed, as heresy struck her roots deep in the soil of JCngland. On the death of Jane Seymour, Henry began to look out for wife the fourth ; and the Pope, hoping to bring him to a sense of his duty, wrote to him a letter, in which he assured him of the sentence of excom- munication hanging over him, which, however, he did not promulgate, still trusting that he would be reconciled with the church.. At the same time the pontiff created Eeginald Pole a cardinal, and sent him to France as his legate, that he might endeavor to arrange a matrimo- nial alliance between Henry and Margaret, the daughter of Francis I. of France. Cardinal Pole accordingly set out for France, and settled the matter with the French monarch, but Henry was imwilling, and wrote to Fi'ancis, telling him that the cardiiuil wiis a rebel, and requir- ing of him to deliver him up. This Francis refused to do, and on being apprized of his danger, the cardinal cpiitted France. Thomas Cromwell, his vicar-general, now deemed it a good oppor- tunity to induce the king to choose a wife on his recommendation, and gain him over as a proselyte to his religion, which was Lutheran. He then proposed, as his future spouse, Anne, daughter of the Duke of Cloves, head of one of the noblest families in Germany, and sister to tlie clectress of Saxony, Anne was gifted with nuiny good qualities, but she was a Lutheran, and her reiati' os were the chiefs of the league of Smalcald. Henry wished to have been admiLted a member of this 736 ECCLK8IASTIOL HTSTOBT OF IRELAND. league ; and iis the Lutherans had no confidence in him, ])e ima-^ined that bj maiTying a Lutlieran princess he would thereby remove tlio difficulty which had existed to liis admission. To this marriage ho assented, and which was accoi-dingly solemnized on the 3d of January 1540, with great joy, Thomas Cromwell having been appointed hine t" rp]Jr»{/M» lT-» then arranged his will, leaving his only son, Edward, heir to the throne, who was only nine years of age, appointing sixteen guardians, who were to be, of couree, the conservator of the supremacy 47 ordering tlmt h& 738 EOCLESIA&TTCAL HTSTOBY OF IKELAND. should be brought np in the Catholic faith, but insisting that he shonld never resign the primacy of the linglish church. In case that this infant primate died without issue, tlio crown was Mary's daughter to Catharine of Arragon, and should she also depart issueless, it was bequeathed to Elizabeth, tha illegitimate daughter of Anna Boleyn. He caused mass to be celebrate! several times in his chamber, and wished that the holy eucharist should be administered to him in one kind alone. When the viatic was brought, he received it kneeling, and when assured that such a posture was unnecessary in his infirm situa- tion, he replied, " If I could bury tnyRelf under the earth, I could not shew sufficient respect to the God I am about to receive ;" but to that God he rendered not the homage of a contrite and broken heart for the heinous offences which he had co . initted against that church on which he trampeled, dyi^ig out of her communion. lie called for some reli- gious to attend him in his last moments, after having banished them out of the kingdom. Wishing to have some drink, and having tasted, be baid to his assistants in a loud tone, " So this is the end of it, and all is lost for me," and immediately expired. He died on the fii-st of Febru- ary, 1547, and in the thirty-eighth year of his reign. Eeign of Edward VI. — Edward Seymour, earl of Hertford, was one of the guardians appointed by Henry to assist in administering the affairs of the kingdom, while the young primate contin'.ied in his mino- rity. He was maternal uncle to the prince, being the brother of Jane Seymour, who died in child-birth. Although lie outwardly prcvessed the Catholic faith, he was a disguised Zuinglian, and as the majority of the prince's guardians were Catholics, Somerset intrigued with some of the principal nobility of the kingdom, pointing out the dangere to th^^ir interests should the young king be trained under their guidance; that they should, sooner or later, have to surrender the property of the church, which Henry had conferred upon them ; that the suppressed and imijoverished churches should be repaired and rebuilt, to the great detriment of the royal treasury, and that the only way to prevent such a consumi. i',!){!ii wp>' to have himself appointed governor of the king- dom. Ho CI'*! f: '?y ' nopressed 'foi.ry's will, and produced a forged one in which li^Uward was deciared head of the English church and Somer- set himself aa regent. He then procured himself the title of duke of Somerset, and assumed that of the protector of the kii uom. Having now seized supreme control in governing i realm as pro- tector, his real character was unveiled. At once his rrotentantism is avowed, and teachers are appointed to disseminate heresy. Tlie bishops are prohibited from preaching or ordaining witiiout the infant jmmate' a permission, which was sure to be refused to any one, unless to the abettors of Zuinglian tenets. Amongst the rest, the impious Cramuer, the psendo-an licly preache replete with t married a wif fear of Henrji Hugh Latime preaching in ] appointed by He invited, at who were rel Bucer, now e Peter Martyr, universities of their pupils \ every Catholic iniquity which the young pri taking a wife, the prince in tl princess Mary and Ochin to them no hopes to abolish the g November, \?tA mentary visdor the mass, the \ the sacred vessi Somerset n kinds; that tl tongue, and th with this order, and reformers i counselled by ( he exhorted hi advice from G London were a TXjiiod the effor of the clergy hi crimes of Some vengeance of E brother, Thoma kingdom, and T rine Parr, Henr «XX)LFaiA8TrCAL HISTORT OF IRELAITO. rsA tlie psendo-archbishop of Canterbnrj% witli Somerset as protector, pub- licly preached against the Catholic church— published a cr.techism, replete with the most wicked doctrines against the faith— now publicly married a wife, who lived with him privately, as a concubine, throi gh fear of Henry's rage— the protector approving such an act of impiety. Hugh Latimer, bishop of Winchester, who was deposed from his see for preaching in London against the doctrine of the real presence, was now appointed by Somerset as principal teacher of the Zuinglian lierosies. H.9 invited, at the same time, from Strasbourg, thrje famous apostates, who were religious, and well known througliout all Europe : Martin Bucer, now seventy years of age, and who '>iM» three times marned , Peter Martyr, and Bernard Ochin, and appointed them professorc in th(. universities of Oxford and Cambridge, in order to infect the minds of tlieir pupils with the poisonous leaven of heresy, while he banished every Catholic professor from those colleges. To complete the work of iniquity which he had so well at heart, Somerset appoint. •.!, as tutore to the young primate, Richard Crock, a priest who violated his vows by taking a wife, and John Check, a layman, of debauched life, to instruct the prince in the arts of vice and heresy. He also tried to seduce the princess Mary from the Catholic faith, by sending Bucer, Peter Martyr and Ochin to tamper with her; but her determined resistance gave tliera no hopes of success in making a second effort. His next step was to abolish the six articles of Henry VIIl!, and on the auspicious 5th of November, Ui7, tliis ardent reformer obtained the sanction of parlia- mentary wisdom and omnipotence for overthrowing the Catholic reb^ion, the mass, the veneration ot sacred images, and for the confiscation of the sacred vessels and ornaments of the altars. Somerset next ordained that communion should be given in both kinds; that the Scriptures should be geneially read in the vulgar tongue, and that all bishops or other ecclesiastics refusing compliance with this order, should be sent to prison and deprived of their benefices and reformers installed in their places. In this good work Somerset wn^ counselled by Calvin, who wrote to the protector a long letter, in which he exhoi ted him to abolish the Catholic religion hy perseoution ; the advice from Geneva was deemed a valuable one, as the prisons of London were accordingly filled with suspected Catholics. About this p-jiiod the efforts of Somerset were so far successful, that three-foui-ths of the clergy had shaken off the salutary discipline of continence. The crimes of Somerset were, however, approaching a fatal crisis, as the vengeance of Heaven struck him unexpectedly. He had raised his brother, Thomas Seymour, to the office of lord high admiral of the kingdom, and Thomas Seymour having gained the affections of Katha- rine Parr, Henry's last wife, obtained his brother's assent to the tnar- 740 EOCLESIASTICAL HISTORT OF mELATTO. riage. irowever, the project was displeasing to the dnchess of Somerset as in case of tliis marriage heing solen-nized, slie should resign to tlio queen dowager the precedence which slie enjoyed as the wife of the protector ; and though she would yield to Katharine Parr as the reHct of Henry VIII., her pride would not permit her to rank heneath the wife of her brother-in-law ; in this foolish quarrel the husbands were Boon engaged. To botli parties, Jolin Dudley, earl of Warwick, was an enemy. Eagerly intent on their destruction, and to accomplish it with the greater certainty, he offered his services as a mediator, while he artfully encouraged the strife, and succeeded so well that the protecto'- engaged Sliarington to accuse his brother of high treason. Somereet, when the accusation was first made, seemed to be highly displeased; but well vereed in tactics of this sort, he soon alleged that the king's life and iionor • ,ere more dear to him than his brother's life, and then gave orders to proceed with his trial. The admiral was condemned, and executed on the 20th of March, 1549, On the death of the admiral the earl of Warwick became the entire master of Somerset's mind, and having sufficient interest to appoint his friends to important places, he soon was al)le to contrive the ruin of the duke. lie recruited his party by the adhesion of the Catholic lords, who were still numerous, and on wliom lie impressed that there was no hope of reestablishing the Catholic religion while Somei-set held the reins of power. About the sanfe time the English lost Boulogne, in the ancient province of Picardy, for which the regent was severely cen- eured, not having sent timely reinforcements to i)reserve it from the French. Several of the barons and nobility had enclosed commonai'es in diti'crent jiarts of the kingdom, to the great grievance of the people, who expected redress from the regent, and not obtaining it, broke into I'ebollion. AVarwick obtained the convoking of a parb'ameiit, in which he had t\ strong i)arty. The regent was attainted, sent to the Tower, ami on the 22d of January, ir)52, he was executed, to the great joy of Pro- testants as well as Catholics. Warwick having now disposed of all his rivals, took the admini-itrn- tion of affairs into his own iiaiuls, and advanced liimseif in the po(>rage, Laving been created duko of Northumberland. Yet his ambition prompted him still farther, as he j>revailed on the prince to leave his cro\,n, by will, to his daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Grey, danghter of thd duke of Norfolk, to the exclusion of Mary, the daughter of Cathariiio of Arragon, declared illegitimate in the reign of her father. Henry, us well as that of Elizabeth, the adulterous offspring of Knwx Bolovn. Etlward VI. soon after died, in the sixteenth year of his ago, on the Tth of July, 155.'!, ami NortIiumI)erliiiid immediately gave orders to liavc Mary's j)erson secured. The secretary of the duke, wlio was a Eeers. The U2)per house of parliament was ahnost entirely led by the duke of Norfolk, lord DutUey and tlie earl of Arundel, on each of whom, Llizabetli, well skilled in intrigue, as each of tlu)8e nohlenwn was unmarried, exercised her inriuence, and through them gained over a nuijority of the peere, who outnumbered the bishops, and thus obtained a declaration in favor of her spiritual supremacy, ridiculous as it was to constitulv. a lady head of a church, a fact without scrijjfural authority, which Protestants so much admire, and withc'it precedent in history. So that the collected wisdom of the Prilish parliament has exposed itself to the contempt of the univeree, and by still U|>holding tiiat absurd t»yhtem of church government merita the ridicule of the nations by vesting it in a fenudo. All the regula- tions of religious affairs during the reign of the mhwr pritnate Edward wore restored and tliose of Mary discarded. Three-fourths of the clergy, as thq/ took wives in a former rilyn^ imiui'diately joined the reformem, an incident which explains their want t>f fortitude or religion to resist the innovations of the goverimient. Now fortified with parliaujentary authority, Elizabeth most rigoroti^ly prohibited any of her subjocta from obeying the Pope, and conunanded all to acknowledge 'ler as head of the ciiurch both in spirituals and temporals. It was also ordained that to the crown alono belonged the ap]>ointment of bishops, the convoca- tioti of synods, tlie power of taking cognizance of heresy and abuses, as well as the punislunent of spiritual deliniiuency. Though the Ang''<"«" ••liurch (if it deserve the name) was Culvinistio I \ m 7U ECCLK8IA8TICAL UISTOBT OF IRELAND, m Its tenets, wlu'cli rejects bishops as imnecesaary, together with all the sacred ceremonies of the Eoman, the mistress of all tlie Catliolic churches throughout the univeree, as well as altars and images, still this ladi/ head of the Anglican system wished that bishops should be continued, but in a manner altogether dependent on liei-self or the minister of tlie day, as at present is the case. She also desired that the priesthood, altars and sacred ceremonies should be in somewise retained as the people whom she. meant to evangelize required such tliin-^. A new hierai'cliy and new ceremonies were accordingly instituted "and a new martyrology, with Wicklife, IIuss and Cranmer, tlie hypocrite and traitor, as its martyi-s ; Luther, Peter Martyr, Henry vilL, Edward VI. and Erasmus on its catalogue of saints. The benefices and the property of the monasteries were now seized a portion being ai)plied to the puqioses of government and anotiier granted to the nobility to secure their adhesion to the new-fangled doc- trines of Elizabetli, Vicai-s-general in spirituals were appoint^], as the lady directrix was incompetent to receive orders and confer jurisdiction, unless by i)ateiit. All sacred images were removed from the churches,' yet tha fnnule !onioda«t /wad of the Anglican system retained a cruci- tix in her own chamber, placed on an altar with two candles, which she uever liglited (a late prime minister of England would ridicule the piety of good queen Elizabetli as the mummery of superstition). Tiio mass was prohibited, together with all the ancient ceremonies used in preaching and administering the sacraments ; new ones wore insti- tuted, and a form of prayei-s connnanded to bo read in English. She then procured the sanction of the collected wisdom of the na'tion to her projects, and it was ordered that all bisliops and ecclesiastics should take the oath uf supremacy uiuler ])ain of deprivation and imprisonment fur the lirst refusal, and uf death for the second ollence. The following is the form of oath which Elizabeth framed in defence of her parlii^ mentary headship of the national church : "I, A. H., declare in my conscience that the queen is the sole and supreme ruler in this kingdom of England, both in spirituals and teni- poruls, and that no foreign prelate or prince has any authority ecclosi- uetical in this kingdom, and 1 therefore, in the plain sense of the words riject all foreign authority." Eli/.abell. hoped that an order enforced under such severe penalties would bo at unco ..beyed ; but all the bishops, v, ilh fho exception of Anthony Kitchen, of Elan-ether by mutual charity, in order to preserve the faithful in the spirit of unity, and surrender them, whole and enti. ., to their Saviour. In order to fulfill the duties imposed upon us l)y the diviue goodness, M-e labor incessantly to maintain tlie unity of tlie Iloman Catholic religion, which God hath visited with heavy conflicts, to the end that his own may be tried and for our correction ; but the numbere and power of the wicked liave so far jirevailed, that no portion of the earth has escaped their attempt^s to propagate their infectious and detested dogmas, being sup- ported among others by that slave to every species of crime, Elizabetli, tlie supjiosed queen of England, under whom the worst enemies of the church have found security. This same Elizabeth, liaving seized upon the throiK' and usurped the authority and jurisdiction of supreme head of the church of England, has iigaiii plunged that country into a state of misery, from which it was beginning to emerge and to return to the Catliolic faith. Iliiving, by the violence of her measures, prevented tlie exercise of true religion, which that apostate prince, Henry VIIL, destroyed, and which Mary, his legitimate daughter, of illuslrii)us memo- ry, had restored in concert with the Holy See, she lias embraced all the errors of heresy and excluded the English nobility from the royal council, which she has filled with obscure heretics. The Catholics have been dppressed and the p'\'achers of iuicpiity established ; the sacrifice of the mass has been abolished; prayei-s, fasting, abstinence, celibacy and all the rites of Catholicity have been likewise suppressed. She has filled the kingdom with books containing tlio most liagrant lieresies, and rot content herself with adojiting and ci informing to the false and im- pious doctrines of Calvin, she has forced her subjects to embrace thoin. m ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAIO). Tlie whole of the Catholic hierarchy and priesthood throughout Eiij)y death of Elizabeth. It is said that slie was wont to observe : " If God gives me forty years to reign, I will give up even heaven itself." Unhappy Elizabeth 1 not alone forty, but nearly forty- five years did she possess the throne. She liecame head of the church ; she separated the church of England from the communion of the Roman see ; iie prohibited the exercise of the Catholic religion ; she doomed uuuiy, numy innocent persons to the horrors of exile, of imprisonment, of cruel deaths. Unhappy woman I Siie is now in eternity, and i)er- haps fruitlessly repentant of her long reign, and of the crimes arJ cruelties she had committed. A.D. 1002, some time before her death, the virgin queen, the glory of English ami Irish Protestants, issued a proclamation, ordering all the rtligious of Ireland into exile, and adjudging their effects to the j)ubUo 748 ECCLESIASTICAL UI8T0BY OF UiULAND. treasury. Some Benedictine monks, Bemardines and others, peiitionod Elizabeth to give them a passage to a foreign country. She willin-dy assented ; ordering them all to meet in Inisscattery, an island of "be Shannon. Among them— forty-two in number—two Dominicans of grave and decorous aspect, who were going as agents, to inform the Catholic princes of the Continent of the desolate condition to which Catholic Ireland was reduced, also arrived in Scattery Island ; seven other fathers of the convents of Limerick and Kilmallock (Dominicans) trjsting to the good faith of the queen, also came to the place of meeting. A line-of-battle ship having arrived in the Sluumon, the unsuspecting monks embarked ; the vessel set sail,a:id when in the' deep waters of the ocean all of them were flung into the sea, in accordance with the private instructions of Queen Elizabeth, who, in this instance imitated the cruelty of the Arian emperor, Valens. To proclaim her innocence in this affair, the good queen incarcerated the captain, crew and marines belonging to this ship, on their reaching port. Those pre- tended suffered of her justice, in vindication of her innocence, privately admonished to observe silence, she rewarded with the monastic ])roperty of the religious, who wero sacrilegiously cast into the watei-s of the Atlantic. Some of the posterity of the infamous wretJies who were immediately concerned in the horrid and sacrilegious ♦reacliery of Eliza- beth, survived in Ireland when de Burgo compiled his celebrated work. Yet Protestants with confidence assert, though the atrocity of this act stare them in the face, that the doctrine or the practice of Catho- lics is to keep no faith with themselves. Similar has been the perfidy of Elizabeth towards Mary, the unhappy queen of Scot^, whom she put to death, and whose execution she pretended to lament. A.D. 1578, Patrick O'llealey, bishop of Mayo, together with his companion, Cornelius O'Rourke, triumphed over the terroi-s of pei-secu- tion. OMIealey was a native of the province of Connaugiit, and at an early age retired to the convent of Complute, in Spain, where he prose- cuted his studies with great applause, and embraced the institute of St. Erancis. In obedience to the command of the minister-general of the order, Christopher a CapiteFontis, he repaired to Rome, in 1577, and in the following year was consecrated bishop of the diocese of Mayo (now included in Tu. i), by R.po Gregory XIII. Anxious to afford the con- fiolationsof religion to his afflicted countrymen, the bishop .^ , on after returned to Ireland, accompanied by Cornolius O'Kourke, a holy and zealous priest, and the p irtner of his subsequent trials and sufferings. u.JK'r having encountered many difHcuIties, particularly on the coast of Armoric Gaul, tliev o iutl igtii landed in safety at Diiigl e, a sea port 10 county of Kerry. The spies, whom Drury the depuiy hud at this EOCI.K9IA8TICAL HISTORY OF IREI-ASD. U9 time employed in all the harbora along the southern coasts of Ireland, soon rocognized tlie venerable strangers. They were taken into custody, and brought under a strong guard to the residence of the earl of Des- mond. This nobleman, unwilling to take an active part in those tragic scenes, and in the meantime anxious to avoid the resentment of Eliza- beth, had cautiously given directions to have them conveyed to Lime- rick, and presented before Goulden, the military officer in that district. The prelate and his companion were, by the directions of this officer, loaded with irons, and cast into the public prison. There they remained, until Sir William Drury, the deputy, had arrived at Killinallock, in the beginning of August, 1578 ; they were ordered then to be brought f.om Limerick and presented to the deputy. Threats, promises, and various other means having been tried in vain, they were sentenced to be at firet put to the torture, and afterwards strangled in the presence of the garrison ; the ordem of the deputy were executed in an unusual degree of i)arbarity. The holy prelate and his companion were stretched upon a rack ; their hands and feet were then broken with hammers ; large needles were applied, and thrust with great violence under their nails, and having been kept a considerable time under this description of torture, they were taken from the rack, and strangled from the branches of a neighboring tree. Their bodies were afterwards hung in chains, and remained suspended fourteen days, during which they were used as tii'geta by the savage soldiery in their shooting exercises. The body of a supposed robber, who was executed along with them, was devoured by dogs and birds of prey, while those of the bishop and priest M'ere left iiU.ict. The prelate, wlale on the rack, had warned Drury that before many days he himself must appear at the bar of an all-seeing Judge. The iniquitous govei'nor died in less than eight days, at Waterford, in great agony, having been seized with a distemper which baffled all medical skill, and by his miserable end fulfilling the projdietic declaration of the martyred prelate. The bodies of the martyiu were soon after con- veyed to Kilimalloc by Gerald, earl of Desmond, and buried with great solemnity in the creiate died in the 70tb year of his age. A.D. Kill, Cornelius O'Duane and Patrick Loghran, a learned and holy priest, suffered martyrdom. See diocese of Down and Conner, where the acts of their deaths are recorded. Other prelates escaped the sword, but were grievously persecutes or driven into exile. Among such sufferers are named Edmund Tanner, bishop of Cork and Cloyno; Thomas O'Hurley, bishop of Ross; Tliad- deus O'Ferral, bishop of Clonfert; and Hugh Lacv, bishop of Limerick ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF ntkLANO. m These prelates f;scaped t'"^ assassins of English heresy by slieltering themselves in the caverns of tiie mountains. Maurice FitzGibbon, the predecessor of the martyr Der? ot O'llur- ley, in the sees of Emly and Cashell, became an exile and died in Spain, about the year 1580. Nicholas Skcrrett, archbishop of Tuam, after Laving been flogged ai. ^ incarcerated, witlidrew to the kingdom of Por- tugal and died at Lisbon in 1583. Peter Power, bishop of Ferns, became suflragan to the archbishop of Compostella, in Spain, and died an exile, in 1587. Thomas Strong, bishop of Ossory, sulfragan to the same archbishop, died an exile, in IGOl. Moriarth O'Brien, bishop of Emly, died in prison, at Dublin, in 1586. Richard Brady, a Franciscf.n, and bishop of Killmore, alter having been a long time imprisoned, maimed and tortured, died at a -ery advanced age, near Multifernam, in the county of Westmeath. A.D. 1570, while Drury was deputy, 7ergal Ward, a Franciscan, and a native of Tirconnel, coimty of Donegal, was put to death at Armagh, This holy religious was exceedingly venerated for the sim- plicity of his lii'e, and the labors which he endured in exhorting and animating the people to perseverance in the ancient faith and fortitude under the severe trials which the Almighty permitted to be inflicted on the church of Ireland. He travelled over the whole province of Ulster, visiting in particu- lar those lonely districts in which the congregations were scattered without the comforts of the holy sacrifice or tlie graces of- tlie sacra- ments. While on his journey to Armagh, he fell into the hands of the pei-secntors, and after having been flogged with great barbarity, was at length suspended from the branches of a tree with the cincture which they separated from his habit. A.D. 1571), John O'Dowda, a Franciscan, was discovered by his pursuers, while in the act of hearing the confessions of the faithful who inhabited the lonely mountainous regions of the county of Mayo. He was offered his liberty, with an assurance of ample rewards, if he would otdy disclose the confessions of the people. The refusal, wliieh he at once gave, served only the more to inflame the vengeance of those implacable persecutor. Tliey seized the cord with which his habit wa-} bound, and after placing it around his head near the temples, forced and screwed it with such violence, by means of an instrument used for the purpose, that his eyes bui-st out of their sockets, and in thiy frightful state of torture, John O'Dowda expired on the 9th of June, 1579, at the abbey of Moyne, in the county of Mayo. In thus martyring O'Dowda, of Moyne abbey, in defence of the inviolability of that sacred tribunal, tlie heretics of England have con- tributed to the glory of the L-isli chin-ch another John Nepomuceno, 752 ECCI-K8I^9TICAL mSfORY OF IRELAND. who preforrefl tho block sooner than disclose the secrets Imparted to him in the confessional It is high time that Protestants, instead of deriding the weakness of tlie pious Catholic, who frerinents this holy practice, should begin to reflect that there must be something more than human in an institution for which niartyre have generously shed their blood rather than abrse the obligations of inviolable secrecy which it imposes. See Moyne, county of Mayo. A.D. 1580, the 28th of March, Daniel O'Nielan, a zealous and active priest, of the diocese of Cloyne, suffered martyrdom. This priest ■ who was remarkable for his hospitality and attention to the poor, was put to death in a manner the most revolting by two satellites, named Norris and Morgan, who had the command of the nortliern Ml-imct o'' the county of Cork, under the administration of Adam Loftns. Y'll'.o.d with solicitude for the people, this apostolic man was in the habit of making occiisional journeys to the neighboring villages for the purpose of giving consolation to the dying and the afflicted. lie was at Icno-th overtaken by the bloodhounds of persecution, and conducted under a strong military guard to the town of Youghal. Norris and Morgan, panting for his blood, refused him even the opportunity of makiiio- a defence. He was conducted to a high tower, called Trinity, and having fostened a rope around his waist and arms, his execution ei-s precipitated him from the battlements. The rope not sufficiently strong to resist the shock, the suffering martyr was left a mangled corpse on the ground. Kor was as yet the fury of his murderers satiated ; observing signs of life still remaining, they caused him to be carried to a mill not far distant, and ha ing a. cured him with chains to its wheel, they allowed it to revolve Avitli increased velocity, until the body, totally disfigured and lacerated, no longer had the appearance of a human being. A.D. 1580, Daniel O'llanrichan, Philip O'Shca and Maurice Scan- Ian, three aged priests, and natives of the county of Kerry, suffered death for the faith during this year. The laboi-s of these missionaries were not confined to the district of KeiTy. During the lapse of thirty-three yo-irs, they had been employed in preaching the divine word and administering the sacraments in almost every county throughout Ireland. At length, worn down with age and infirmity, they returned to their native countv, and dnring the persecution of 1580 were prevailed upon to take shelter in the tov,-n of Lislaghton. On the 6th of April in that year, while the agents of Elizabeth were scouring the country, these venerable priests, two of whom \.'ere blind with age, took shel -jr in the sanctuary, and while in the act of offc.-ing themselves to their God and pi'aying for their re beheaded, their bodies enemies, wei the soldiery. aving ally mam by bavint.' undt ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0KY OF lEKLAND. 753 John O'Lochran, Edmoiid Simmons and Donatus O'Ronrke, Fran- ciscan friai-8, were cruelly tortured and put to death in tlie convent of Down by a licentious soldiery under the command of a military officer, named Britton, This unfeeling leader, after filling the country with dis- may, resolved to take up his winter-quarters in tliis ancient town. On his approach the inhabitants fled and took shelter in the adjacent country, while the clergy were besouglit to consult for their safety in expectation of better days. Britton lost no time in repairing to the convent, anxious to enjoy the spoils which he had anticipated. He met these venerable fathers, but booty there was not to be obtained. Tliey were then fiven up to the military as a -holocaust to the genius of persecution, and having- undergone a variety of torture, were at length brought out into the garden and stiangled from the branches of a large oak, which over- hung the sanctuary. Manrice Kinrehan, parish priest of Mullinahonu, in the county of Tipperary, had, in company with great numbers of his congregation, been obliged to flee into the caverns of the desolate and e.\tensive mountain of Slievenamon, while Willop, at the time treasurer of Ire- land, oflfered rewards to an enormous amount for his apprehension. Spies and agents were employed ; the whole country was scoured by military parties, yet the object of their pursuit found means to escape their vigilance. At length, on the eve of all saints, while engaged in administering the last rites of the church to the dying, he was arrested, and was being conducted towards Clonmel. Tlie officer of the guard^ named Furrows, dreading a reaction on the part of the people, proposed to have his victim instantly dispatched. He was accordingly tortured in a manner the most inhuman. At length his head Laving been severed from his body, the trunk was cnt up into fragments, which were scattered on the high road, while his head was carried in triumph by his executioners to Clonmel. Thadeus Donald und John Ilanly, both Franciscans, and members of the convent of Bantry, became victims to the fury 0+' ' pei-secutors about this period. These fathei-s were exceedingly esteemed for their zeal in preaching to the people, and had, during a great period of those awful times, accomimnied the faithful along the wild and almost inac- cessible shores of the southern coast of Ireland. Having had business to their convent, and on their return to Bantry they fell into the hands of their enemies. The constancy of tliese holy men was assailed with- out success. They were accordingly brought to the summit of a steep rock, which hung with frightful height over the ocean, and having been tied bacK to oaeic vvitti tiieir own cinctures, tlicy vvui'o cjist into the waters beneath. Tlieso venerable fathera suffered on the 10th of August, 15S0. 48 764 ECCLESIASTICAL mSTORY OF IRELAND. A.D. 1584, November 2l8t, Gel.asy O'Ciillenan, abbot of Bovlo. and Hugh O'Mulkeran, were hanged at Dublin. The abbot was proffered as well at) otiier sees in Coniiauglit, the bishoi)ric of Mayo, tlieii vacant by the martyrdom of Patrick O'Nely, on the condition of renounciii'r the Catholic faith. A.D. 1594, Eugene MacEgan, a priest, doctor of theology and bishop elect of Ross, was cut to pieces. Derrnod Mac Creagh, a priest, was hanged and quartered. Dominick O'Calan, a lay brother of the Jesuit order, was hant^ed and quartered. Bernard Mac Moriarty, a priest, dean of Ardagh, archdeacon of Clonmacnois, a graduate of the canon law, having been wounded by his heretical cajjtors on the way to Dublin, died in a prison of the city. Donatus Mac Cready, having been lii-st tied to a horse's tail, was hanged and quartered. John Mao Connan, a priest, was hanged, Bernard O'Carolan, whose ears were cut off, was afterwards strangled. Daniel O'lfargan, a priest, died in prison. Patrick O'Dira, a priest, was hanged, and cut to pieces. Thomas Gerald ine, a distinguished member of the Franciscan insti- tute, died in a prison of Dublin city, where his obsequies were for four days celebrated with due pomp, and interred in St. James's cemetery, near the remains of the martyred Cornelius O'Devany, bii^hop of Down. (O'SULLIVAN BeAUKK.) \.D. 1588, John 0'Mulli)y, Cornelius Dogberry, and Calfrid Farrell, three Franciscans, had distinguished themselves, and at length became the victims of the jiersecuf ion. Tlicy had spent upwards of eight yeare in traversing the mountainons parts of the province of Leinstcr, aliidiu'*' particularly in the unfrecpiented districts of CaHow, Wexford and Wicklow, to which the people had been driven in groat numbere for ehelter; they proceeded from mountain to nuiuntain, celebrating the divine mysteries, con.soling the dying, and administering the holy sncra- menta. Their jouniies were generally performed at night, and as tlio Rcts of their order state, (Ti^ir bed was t/w rver(aken by some ca\alry, bound hand and foot, ecx;lesu8tical histoby op iseland. 755 and conveyed, amidst the insults of a savage and brutal soldicrr to the garnson of Abbeyleix. Wh«n arrived there, they were put on the rack, and having endured it« tortures for a considerable time, they were ultimately strangled, bowelled and quartered. Thus did thev, with the apint and fortitude of the ancient martyrs, generously sacrifice their hves in support ot the ancient religion of their fathers. Many more of the Franciscans shed their blood in defence of their faith ; among them were the following:— o ""'="' A.D 15(Jo, Koger Mac Comguil, of the convent of Armagh, waa flogged to death. fe > «*» A.D. 1569 Daniel Doolan, of the convent of Youghal, county of Cork, was beheaded. ^ A.D 1579, Thadeus O'Daly, of the convent of Askeaton, county of Limerick, waa hanged, bowelled, an-^ quartered at Limerick Leadtd^" ^^^^' "^''^^ ^'"'''"^' ""*' ^^'' """"^'"^ ^^" ^^keaton, was be- In the same year, William, of the same convent, was han-^ed and quartered. ° A.p. 1582, nmdeus O'Moran, of the convent of Enniscorthy, was flogged and strangled. ^' In the same year, Felix O'llara and Henry Delahoyde, of the county ot biigo, were hanged, and cut in quarters. Kogcr Donnellan, Charles Goran, Peter Chilian, Patrick O'Kenna, Roger O Ilenlan and John Pillan, of various convents, in the province of^Leinster, were incarcerated during this year, in Dublin, where they A.D. 1588, Derrnod O'Mulroney, of the convent of Galbally, county ot Limerick, was beheaded. In the same year, Thadeus O'Boyle, of the convent of Donegal, was belieaded and mangled. In the same year, Patrick Urady, of the convent of Monndian, was put to the torture, and beheaded. A.D. 1580, Donatus O'Muirhily, of the convent of Irrtlagh, county Kerry, like unto St. Stephen, proto-martyr, was stoned to death. A.D. 15110, Mathew O'l^yn, of the convent of Kilkenny, wto tor- tured and bol loaded. A.D. 151)1, Terence Magt-nnis, Manns O'Fedling, and Oge Mac Laughlin, of the convent of Mnlfifernam (Westmeath), were confined in the prison of Ballybay, and afVerwards in Dublin, where they died A.I). IflOS S..!.*... ..!.«- o-tl. L' i;-_ tt T-v .. — - - - . . ■ "'" • ^"^"' ^■'■•"'" assriJGvitsulIwred deafii for his fa.tJi, at Lifford. Having rejected the proftVred advantages of defec- tion fiom the Catholic church, he was hange.l «„« quuitored, his heart was taken and thrown into the fire, aa were «bu his entrails and 756 ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOET OF IKELA>TJ. abdomen. He expired, imploring the prayers of the Catholics who V re present, and urging the executioner to use dispatch in putting an end to his life. While iiis torture was proceeding, aa earthquake struck terror into the persecutors. At the same time, John O'Cahan, having refused to affirm on oath the royal supremacy, was condemned to endure a similar death. His chaplain, who was ottered his liberty and ecclesiastical preferments on the usual terms, was hanged and quartered. A.D. 1G15, Bernard and Arthur O'Neil, Roderick and Geoifry O'Calian, Alexander MacSuarley, and Lewis O'Laverty, a priest, were put upon th^iir trial for high treason, and convicted on the testimony of an infamous gambler, whom the viceroy, Arthur Chichester, thirsting not 60 nnich for their blood as for their estates, suborned to do the work of carnage and plunder. The jury was composed of English and Scotch heretics, whose properties were also situated in Ulster, and to whom the vicinity of those Catholic nobles was a subject of alarm and inquietude. The jur", without delay, found them guilty. James I., king of England, to whom the fact of their conviction was made known by the viceroy, replied, thai their lives would bo reprieved if they consented to abjure the Catholic faith, and embrace the religion of the state. These victims of Chichester's iniquity, having rejected the base terms of the king, prepared for death, their fellow-sufferer, the priest, giving them sacramental absolution. They were, according to their sentence, hanged, quartered, and their entrails cast into the fire. At the same time, Patrick O'Moore and Conatus O'Keenan, a priest, cliargcd with a similar offence ol high treason, underwent the same fate. — 0'Siii.uvAN Bkauke. A.D. 1(1^3, Arthur Mac Geoghcgan, a Dominican of the convent of M\illiiigar, was crowned with nmrtyrdom. Having finished iiis studies in Spain, atul on his return to liis native country having been arrested and imprisoned at J^ondon, he endured numy injuries, aiuJ accused of high treason, as wan the cuatum^ (as if a false charge preferred by tlio fell enemies of the Catholic church would deprive him of the glory of laying down liis life for the faith,) tried aiid convictctl— was at length ied to the scaffold, makiug thereon a pn vision of his belief and of tiio religious order to which he belonged — hanged, and cut in pieces while half dead, and his entrails burned. It is related, that while the execu- tioiior was holding forth his heart to the people, and was about to exclaim " Hchold the heart of a traitor I" that ho turned his eyes towards this functionary, and spat upon him. A youth ^-^ho was standing by while the executioner was casting his bowels into a fire, perceiving the liver of the martyr, throw it in with a stafi" which ho held, and retired, execrating the religion of the martyr ; his sacrilegious ECCLESUSnC'AL niSIWRT OF IRELAND. 757 hand immediately trembled, and a violent pain or oo.ic having seized the youth, lio involuntarily cast himself into a neighboring pit. Some •women, of wliom one was a heretic, having approached the place of execution, perceived a deliglitfu. fragrance, and a German, who waa a maniitUcturer of those articles which females use in decorating their features, perceived also this delicious odor. Falkland, who was deputy of Ireland, and one of his judges, acknowledged that ho was punished on account of this holy martyr.— De Bukco, bishop of Ossory. A.D. 16;37, the venerable John O'Mannin, of the convent of St. Dominic, at Derry, a foithful observer of discipline, was in the habit of fearlessly wearin'^ the costume of his order before the here^-'cs ; at length arraigned, he was proffered ample rewards if he abjured the Catholic religion ; both rewards and torments wore despised while he openly professed his faith. The virtue of the rack was tried upon him, twice or thrice a week, with a view of subduing his constancy, but without success. Being at length raised on a gibbet, and allowed to fall fiuddeidy, his back was broken, on which a bunch remained until Lis deatli. A.U. 1641, the illustrious and most reverend Roche Mac Geo-rjiefan. of the convent of MuUingar, a master of theology, prior provincial of Ireland, and bisliop of Kildare, worn out with age and sorrow, having endured much trials and persccuiion from the herjtics, at length yielded bis spirit to his Creator. A.D. 1041, March 23, Peter OTIiggin, of the Dominican convent of Dublin, arrested and thrown into prison, where he sulfered privation, was at length hanged at Dublin, though his innocence was defended by the adversaries of our faith. While in prison, he Wiis enabled to have the benelit of sacramental absolution from the prior of the order, who used to obtaia admission in disguise. His constancy under torture, and the joy beaming in his countemince, moved many of the Protestants to tears and sighs ; while others wiio were still more maddened, vented their upleen on his dead body, exposing it to ridicule, and denying it burial within the city. While it wius being conducted outside the gates, the head was broken by the blow of a musket, and other insults woro oili red to his remains. In the same year, Peter OTIiggin, prior of Naas, in Kildare, obtained the reward of his constancy in the faith. I'etor was an admirable I)reaclier, and was accused of doguuitizing against the established heresy. Having been for some time kept in prison, and there being no i>fut)f {)j which he could be convicted >i it lapidil olfenco against tho laws. ho waa jyromised liiicrty and preferment if he only spurned tho Catholic faith atul embraced the doctriticH of Protestant Kngiand. On the morning of tho day which was to be his lust in this life, a messenger I 758 ECCIJ58IA8TICAL HISTOKY OF IBELAND. •wan despatched by tlie deputy to his prison, offering acceptable terms but tiie holy sufi'erer was intrepid, and wary as the serpent in replying to the person who conveyed the message. "Let the deputy," said he " deign to send me an autograph of his promise, leaving me the option of choosing life or its surrender, that at least the present fear of death may exculpate me." The deputy imagining that the constancy of the Buft'erer was shaken, sent the a :>»graph as desired, and when ascending the scaffold it was stretched to the father, who, with a smile in his countenance, received it — the heretics are in ecstacies of delight, while the Catholics are blushing already for the scandal that would ensue were the terras of the government accepted. Holding the paper in his ];and, lie openly assailed the injustice of the enemies of the Cailiolic faith, reproached the judge with pronouncing an inicjuitous sentence and addressed the Catholics in the following words : " Dearest friends and chihlren of the holy Iloman church, since I have fallen into the hands of our enemies, privation, contumely, and the horrors of a fetid prison have been my lot, and the absence of a crime rendered my mar- tyrdom matter of doubt. The cause, not the pain, nudics the martyr. A provident God and the all-powerful protector of innocence, disposing all things sweetly, has so maiuiged, that although I have been accused with legal infractions, this day condemned as 1 am to deatli, behold the ttuthonlic instrument of my innocence ; tlio guaranty of freedom and vice-royal preferment should I swerve irom the Catholic religion. I call God and men f.. witness that I despise those otfeiN, and that I do willingly and joyfully embrace this struggle for my faith." Having so Baid, and having returned the autograph, he ordered the executioner to do bis duty. Uttering a deep sigh, and giving " thanks " to God who gave him constancy to pereevere, ho departed, having battled the cun- ning of the viceroy and confounded the expectations of the heretics. This holy martyr of our church is different from the former sutferer in the cause of faith, as De Burgo shews. A.D. 10-42, Father Stephen Petit, while ho was aninuiting the Catholics, and iu the midst of danger and warfare consulting for their eteriud salvation, discharging with great credit tho functiona of con- fessor and proachor, was sliot by the heretics. ytej)hen Petit belonged to the Dominican convent of Midlingar. Jle was observed by the Puritan rebels, while in the act of confessing a Boldier. Having received tho sacraments, ho died next day of his wound. AD. 1^4-9- abr>ut fli<> anitm t!i>w> PiivixiMwi ir,.,.,.!... ,^e t\... ,^..,],.- .^r Bt. Doniinick, was put to death in hatred of his faith. A.D. 1642, Connac Kgan, a lay brother of tho order, was hanged. A.D. 1047, Scptenibor 15th, ilichard Ihirry, a Dominican, prior ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORT OF ISELAND. 769 of the province of Munster, and a preaclier-general, has adorned hia faith and the Irish church, to which he belonged, by a cruel martyrdom. A number of persons, with many ecclesiastics, having taken shelter in the great church on tlie rock of St. Patrick (Cashell, as it was then called,) where they resolved to defend the sacred ornaments of the altars and some moveable effects, it was besieged by Morgan O'Brien, baron of Inchequin, a matricide, and a man whose hands were stained with the blood of many illustrious ecclesiastics ; having at length suc- ceeded, not, however without loss on both sides, as about eight hundred were slain, and all the ecclesiastics put to the sword. Richard Barry was reserved for a more arduous conflict. A cai)tain, the first to enter the church, beholding Eicliard Barry, addressed liiin as follows: "I promise you protection if you cast off v.hat garment (for he wore his habit), so odious (3 us, and which excites cur indignation as well as vengeance." The father replied, " This habit represents the life and passi.m of my Saviour, and is also the banner of thdt spiritual warfare in which I have engaged from my ydutli, and which I am now unwilling to abdicate." The promises ms woU as threats of the captain being rejected and scorned, Barry was handed over to the soldiery, who at first buffeted him, spitting upon the vene- rable martyr, and offering other insults and contumely. Again, having tied him to a chair, a slow fire was applied to his iegs and tliighs, in which torture he continued about two hours, the blood bursting- thronwh the pores, and his eyes beaming rays of light towards heaven ; hia death was at length accelerated, a sword having been driven through him from side to side. A i)ious nun, and a tertiary of the Dominican order, sought hia body, and having found it, announced the fact to the vicar-general. On the fourth day, the soldiers Imving retired, the vicar-general, accom- panied by the clergy who survived, and the peoj)le, together with Henry O'Cullenan, notary apostolic, visited the body of the nuirtyr. All recognise the vestiges of his passion ; his feet and legs roasted with the fire, and the wounds of his aides still gushing fountains of fresh and pure blood. Having fonned in jirocession, the body was conveyed to the convent of his order, where it wua deposited, while they eutoned jver it the "Te Deum." A.T). lOlO, John de Bnrgo, a nobleman, was condemned to death for having harbored a j)riest who celebrated the divine mysteries in hia mansion ; his property was entirely confiscated. De Burgo lived a holy lii'e, ant! tlu'd in a in.^iriiior rorrospondin:^ '.viih it. H;iving lioon oiieuni u restoration of his property, and also his life, should he oidy conform to heresy, the intrepid soldier of Christ replied, " that ho preferred a heavenly to an eartiily estate." no ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOBT OP IRELAND. A.D. 1648, tlie convent of Killmallock, county of Limerick, having been stormed by the heretics, Gerald Geraldine, a clerk, and David Fox, a lay brother, while on their knees, and their rosaries suspended from their necks, in expectation of death, pierced with swords, and left weltering in their blood,, were at length shot by the soldiery. The otlier inmates escaped, thus disappointing the rabid soldiers who attacked the convent at night, in order to surprise the fathers, and gloat over their sufferings. A.D. 1648, about the same time, Peter Costollo, a Dominican of tlie ITrlare monastery, county Mayo, was pierced with a sword, thus yielding his soul to his Redeemer. About the same year, Gerald Dillon, of the same convent, finished liis life in prison through hnnger and privation. A.D. 1048, Donald O'Naghten, a lay brother of the Dominican convent of Roscommon, having been flogged, was put to death by the sword, A.D. 164i), James O'Reilly, an eminent theologian, an eloquent orator, and a poet, on his way from tlie convent of Waterford to Clon- mel, fell in with the Cromwellian soldiers, having his rosary in his hand. Bcuiig inlrrrogated by tlie fonatics, he replied, " I am a priest, a religious, though an unworthy one, of the order of St. Dominick. I have strayed and met with you ; 1 am a Christian, a Ronuiu Catholic ; as I lived, I shall die, if it be the will of God." Immediately attacked ; Lis execution, which he bore with fortitude and patience, continued an hour. Rqieafing the sacred names of Jesus and Mary, and invoking tlie intercession of St. Dominic and other saints, the sword at length put an end to his sufi'erings. A.D. U)4f), Dominick Dillon, distinguished alike by birth and virtue, prior of the convent of Urlare, county of Mayo, havi.ig been appointed preacher to the Irish Catholic forces by the nuncio Rinucciiii, was cruelly put to death at Drogheda, when that city was captured by Cromwell. At the same time Richard Oveton, sub-prior of the convent of Athy, having also taken refuge in that city, sulfoi-ed death. They were both bi'liouded iti i)resence of tlie Cromwellian foops in detesta- tion of their faith and their religious calling. A.D. 1650, Miler Magrath, aliius I^Iicliaol a Rosario, of the convent of Clonmel, having been arrested wliile administering sacraments to a dyhw, person, was immediately sentenced to the gallows. lie placidly underwent his fate, giving thanks to God. When captured, the sacred |)ix was found in his iiuiid. A.D. 1651, Ambrose O'Cahill, of the Dominican convent of Cork, an admirable preaciier, having met a troop of cavalry, and immediately recognized as a religious was cut into pieces. Ilis nicmbera wore ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEY OF IRELANP. T61 Bcattered in dilterent places, as if intended to become the prey of ravens. A.D, 1651, the illustrious Terence Albert O'Brien, bishop of Emly, was put to death. See diocese of Emly. A.D. 1651, James Wolfe, a Dominican, a preacher-general, vene- rable in years, and a native of Limerick, was arrested by the Cromwel- lian soldiery, and without delay was sentenced to be hanged. "When about *o be launched into eternity, he joyfully exclaimed, "We are made a spectacle to God, to his angels and to men — to God," said he, "that we may give him glory; to angels, that we may aflbrd them joy ; and to men, that we may give them sport." Having so said, ho consuunnated his sacrifice. James Wolfe was a grave and prudent man, many years prior and preacher-general of the convent of Limerick, from which he. was absent during the siege. When it was taken and the ecclesiastics put to the sword, Wolfe, solicitous of the salvation of souls and of consoling the Catholics, privately reached the city, and after eight days was 1 otrayed and delivered over to the heretics. The heroic conduct of his companion and fellow-martyr, John Collins, of the same convent, is entitled tu notice. While the fortress of Eiinraty was besieged by the Catholic troops, in the presence of the nuncio, miuiy bishops and of the whole army, this father preceded the troops, carrying the crucifix and also in the habit of his order, lie irritated the Cromwellians, while encourasrin"' the Catholic soldiers to contend for their altars and their homes : thoujrh many bullets were discharged at his person, which is represented as diminutive and contemptible, he escaped intact, still preceding the assailants, until the Cromwellians were forced to surrender. He as- sumed the province of exploring the jjositions of the lieretical forces, so that he could bo of service to the Catholic cause by his observations and counsel. But in so doing, he exasperated the Cromwellians so much that he was proscribed and placed beyond the hope of favor or mer?y. Being at last arrested and ;•< cogm'sed by the persecutors, who l)rovided a portnr' of his figure, he was put to a glorious death after a long disputation with his ciiptoi's. A.D. 1651, Laurence O'Ferrall, a professed member of the Domini- can CO-- lit of Longford, and Bernard O'Ferrall, a preacher-general, sufl'ered death for the faith. Tliey were, while in prayer, both arrested at Longford, in the church of their convent, early in the morning. The raivliitvn 1.-1 lisc y^r ^ri iiiiiri;t, viitfcl lii^ use vuhli;j:, IlllllctcU l)!i ncniUi'U Tfiore than twenty-four mortal wounds, and yet before be expired, he received the last rites of religion, as ho had piedicted. Lau. once was hurried before the governor, who recognised him, and M res ECCLE8IASTICAI, HISTORY OF IRELAN- who at the same time sentenced him to be gibbettod, because, for the sake of his faith and the autlioritj of the apostolic nuncio, he adhered to tlie confederate army. Tiie day after being led to the place of execution, the tyrant, in deference to some pei¥^msion, granted him three days— a favor which was no by means agi-eeable to tlie servant of Christ, as he chided the mediators, and as he sougl.t the Almighty not to suffer the crown of martyrdom to be snatched from him or delayed. At length the hour for his immolation arrived, he addressed the Catho- lics in consoling terms, and inveighed with such eloquence, force and argument against the established heresy, that the governor, overcome with confusion, ordoi-ed silence t^ be imposed by the execution of the sentence. Then the martyr, bidding farewell to the people, and adjust- ing his rosary about his neck, and holding a crucifix, quietly fixed his hands under a scapular which he wore, and then presented himself to the hangman, by whom he was suspended, and while left in that state, raising both hands from the scapular, he held up the cross as a trophy of his victory. The governor, as well as the people, struck with the prodigy, ordered that the body should be honorably taken down, and at the same tine gave permission to the clergy and people to celebrate his obsequies in a public and solemn mnnner. A.D. 1651, fathf" William O'Connor, of the Dominican convent of Clonmel, a man acceptable to God and his neighbor, was arrested by the heretics, and having endured many insults, as well as stripped of his garmont, life was ended with thj swords of his captors. A.D. 1651, Tliomas O'lliggin, of the convent of Cloi.mel, was arrested, thrown into prison, and at length sentenced to the gibbet, obtained the palm of victory. A.D. 1651, Vincent Gerald Dillon, of the convent of Athenry, was imprisoned at York for the faith. After much suffering through'hun- ger, squalor and other privation, he obtained the crown of martyrdom. Stephen Petit, of the same convent, while hearing the confession of a Catholic soldier, was shot by the heretics; thus reaching the goal. James Moran, of the same convent, a lay brother, Dominick Black and Richard Ilovedon, also members of Athenry, were offered as happy victims to their Itedeemcr. A.D. 1652, John O'Cullen, of the convent of Athenry, the model of discipline and religion, much devoted to prayer and fasting, although of infirm health, and who learned almost all the sciences without the assistance of a preceptor, refuted the heresies of the day, consoled the Catholics, and shunned no danjror in ussertiu" tlie authsM-ity rf the apostolic see. Being at last captured by the heretics, ho cheerftiliy sur- rendered his life for Christ. His head was severed from the body and fixed on a spike, as a trophy to the persecutors. EOCLIBIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 763 A.D. 1652, Edmund O'Beirne, o? the Dominican convent ol Eos- common, twice sub-prior of tliat noiise, encountering perils for liis faith, his country, and for tlie honor of the apostolic see, and, therefore^ particularly marked out by the sectaries, at length was captured. Having been stabbed with swords and halberds, and besides shot, pur- pled the sincerity of his zeal with his blood. A.D. 1653, Eaymond Keoghy, of the same convent, having been captured, was put to death in detestation of the faith. In the same year, sister llonoria de Burgo sealed her virginity with the purple of martyrdom. She was descended of Eichard, lord of Lower Connanght, (Mayo). When fourteen years of age, she put on the habit of the third order of St. Dominick, having received it froia Thadeus O'Duane. provincial of Ireland. Having erected a nunnery near the convent of Eurrishool, in Mayo, she there lived a very holy life, v/ithout, as is said, the commission of a mortal sin during her life. Iler life in danger from hunger, as well as that of her sister nun, llonoria Magaen, who could not be separated from her in life or in death, and having implored, as their only succor, that of the spouse of their immortal souls, a young stranger (supposed to have been an angel) came to the gate .vith an abundance of provision. The religious of Ireland having been dispersed in the last persecution of Cromwell, this pious virgin, with her companion llonoria, attended by a servant-maid, withdrew to the island of All Saints, in Lough-ree, was at length captured by the sectaries and stripped of all their goods, nay, their clothes, in the month of February. llonoria was rudely thrown into a boat, by which three of her ribs were broken, and by which her existence was ended. The faithful maid < veyed her to the convent of Burishool, in compliance with her request. Having gone out in search of Honoria Magaon, who was left behind in a wood, on her return she found llonoria de Burgo in an attitude of prayer, though sleeping in the Lord. Honoria Magaen was also stripped of her garments by barbarian soldiers, and having received many wounds, being, moreover, younger than her companion, and dreading the loss of her chastity more than life, she strove to escape into a neighboring wood and there concealed herself in the hollow trunk of a tree, where she was found perished with cold. She was also conveyed to Burrishool, and interred with llonoria de Burgo. A.D, 1653, Thadeus Moriarty, prior of the convent of Tralee, ob- tuiMod the crown of uiariyiduiu. He spared no lubor in defeiiding tJio orthodox religion and in maintaining the supremacy of the iioly see. While the persecution was raging, he was ottered liberty to depart the kingdom, but ho deemed his presence necessary through compassion for 764 KOOLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. the Catholics. Having been arrested and conveyed to Killarnoy he was sentenced to be hanrred. Having ascended the platform, he' ad- dressed the Catholics in terms of consolation to them and destruction to the heretics. He yielded his soul to God, the sectaries themselves awarding him the crown of martyrdom. He suffered on the 15th of October, in this year. It is sin-^nlar that the heretics themselves placed, day and night, a watch over his tomb, lest his remains would be removed. A.D. 1653, Brother Bernard O'Kelly, of the convent of E scommon havmg endured imprisonment and irons, and compelled to sell throu-^h privation, the garment with which he was clad, sentenced to 'death "at Gahvay, bravely surrendered his life in the cause of religion ^ A.D. 1654, Hugh MacGoill, of the Dominican convent of Rathbran m the county of Mayo, a man of literature, modesty and innocence of lite, and master of novices, prompted by zeal, spontaneously arrived at Waterford to console the Catholics surrounded with danger to their eternal welfare, freely professed himself a priest and a reli-Wous He was seized by the heretics and condemned to be hanged, slmdinc on the platform of the gallows, he addressed to the bystanders words which Bunk into the very flesh of the sectaries. The Catliolics gave him an honorable interment. A.D. 1656, John Flaverly, of the convent of Coleraine, prior of that house, was cast into a river and stoned by the barbarous soldiery of Cromwell. "^ In the same year, James O'Reilly, of the same convent, was flo--ed to death by the soldiers of Puritan England. ^'^ _ A.D. 1657, John O'Laiglilin, prior of Deny, having suffered all the privations of imprisonment and want, was offered preferment if he would abandon the Catholic religion. He was strangled and his head severed trom his body, having thus earned tlie crown of the martyr A.D. 1660. Father Gregory I , of the Dominican co.,4nt of Galway wa3 driven into exile v..... .nat city was captured by the Cromu^clhans. He set out for Italy, the country in which he pursued Jus studies, and died there an exiie. _ A.D. 1664, Christopher O'Ferrall, of the convent of Dublin, Domi- nican, died. He studied at Louvain, and having returned to Dublin he became prior, and had been a pious, diligent and prudent coniessor. He and the provincial, Joiin Chart, were thrown into prison because they maintained the supremacy of the holy See. Christoj.her w:is detained in the dungeon three > lars. without tlm n«o of -i hoc] • he reposed his frame on the cold earth. The rats frequently gnawed' his feet Chnstoiilier O'Ferrall bore a singular veneration towards Mary, the holy and immaculate mother of God. ology, He ECCLESIASTICAL mSTORT OF IBELAin). 765 About the skme time, Arthur Panti, of the same convent, was incar- cerated at Dtibliji, for no other ciime tlian maintaining the pontitical authority of tlic successor of St, Peter, lie died in exile, at Seville, in Spain. A.D. 1065, Raymond O'Moore, of the same convent, a descendant of the illiistrioas family of the O'Morradh, died in prison. He studied with great applause in Spain, and hi ving returned to Dublin, was thrust into prison, where he spent three years under the same atHictions as his brethren aforesaid, for the same offence of maintaining the unity of the church in its visible, supreme, and infallible head. At the end of the third year he was called to enjoy a kingdom in which there is no persecution. A.D. 1665, died William do Burgo, of the house of Iserkelly, county Gal way, and of the convent of Athenry ; was driven into exile in the year 1650, when Cromwell and his Puritans overran and ravaged the kingdom. He sojourned in a French monastery called Vanne, where he died. A.D. 16G5, died John O'Fahy, of the convent of Athenry, a man of mortification and a model of piety, master of students and lector of the- ology, and much revered by the Catholics. Whenever he travelled, he went on foot. The kingdom having been ravaged, and religion left pros- trate, he was forced into exile about the year 1652. He set out for Italy, and lived at Viterbo, where he died. A.D. 1680, Mark Barnewal, of the Dominican convent of Dublin, having studied in Portugal with great merit, returned to Dublin, where he preached and instructed, to the great advantage of the people. The ^oror.'"-t,ion again renewed, drove him into Portugal, where he died as he had lived. A.D. 1686, Dominick Lynch, of the convent of Galway, studied in Spain, and having returned to Ireland, resided in his native place, although the son of a Protestant minister. The rose grows amidst the thorns. Though lie was detested by the heretics, they still coveted his society. His life demonstrated that the works of faith and grace are not given us by birth or nature, but by a good and glorious God, through our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. He suffered much in the persecution of 1680, having been in prison an entire year, and the heretics themselves admiring his con- stancy and placidity of mind. Having been set at liberty, he calmly resigned his soul into the hands of his Redeemer, whom ho faith- fully served; A.D. 1691, Gerald Fitz Gibbon, of the Dominican convent of Kill- mallock, studied in Spain, and on his return to his native country, was constituted sub-prior. He alone was able to provide in abundance all If! 169 B0CLK...A8TICAL OTSTOBY OF lEELAND. things necessary for the maintenance of fifteen religious. This eminent man, falling into the hands of the soldiers of William, the " Absalom" of England, was put to death in this year at Listowel. A.D. 1691, Richard O'Madden, of the convent of Portumna, was a man of singular piety and prudence, and eminently versed 'in the science of the saints. The victory of Dutch William at Au-hrim gained over the Catholic army, to > ' 'ch the "hauteur" and the^pride' of a foreign commander was mainly accessory, enabling tbem to devas- tate the country, this good father was obliged to conceal himself in an almost inaccessible marsh, where he continued hfteen days. At length there being no one to bring him food, consoled with the sacraments and the bread of life which a secular priest administered, he calmly resigned his soul in the month of August, and in the seventieth year of his age. A.D. 1693, Reginald Mac Donnell, prior of the convent of Goula, was a sincere and simple man, as well as prudent. When the Catholic troops were defeated in the cause of their rightful sovereign, he waa obliged to go into exile, and died piously at Louvain. A.D. 1608, Thomas de Burgo, prior of the convent at Athenry, waa a man of good and exemplary life, and an excellent moralist. As the heretics could not drive him into exile, because of his infirmity, they ejected him from the convent. Having been strengthened with the sacraments, he departed this miserable life in the ninetieth year of his age. A.D. 1701, Walter Fleming, of the convent of Ruthbran, county of Mayo, died. Doing driven into exile, he sailed for France in the same Bhip with de Burgo, afterwards bishop of Ossory, and having after the lapse of a yenr returned, was arrested on board ship at Cork, where he remained in irons beyond twelve months. Having been again put on board for France, and seized with illness during the voyage, he lay a long time in an hospital at Nantz. Having received the^last rites of religion, he died at an advanced period of life. A.D. 1702, John O'Murrogh, a good man, and prior of the Domi- nican convent of Cork, died in prison, having endured an incarceration of four years, as he was disabled by gout. A.D. 1704, Clement O'Colgan, of the Dominican order, studied *vith advantage in Spain. Having, after the devastation of Ireland by the Dutch soldiers of William, repaired to Franco, and thence to Rome, he there taught philosophy in the convent of St. Sixtiis. Desirous of serving his native isle, he returned, and having been arrested by the heretics, at Derry, he was imprisoned there two years, and at length died in defence of his faith. A.i:. 170^ Lazarus Lynch, ol the Dominican convent of Galway, a BOCLESiASTlCAL H18TOEY OF lEELAND. 767 eagacious and prudent confessor, was driven into exile, and died at Naiitz, as full of piety as of yeare. A.D. 1707, Daniel Mae Donnell, of the convent of Urlare, county Mayo, having returned from the continent, was discovered on board the ship, whicli lay at anchor, as a religious, and immediately flung into prison, wliert lie was detained fourteen months in irons ; at length he was obliged to rcembark for France. Again venturing to Galway, he was arrested a second time, thrust i. .prison, and kept there over six years. lie at length, broken down by sullering, resigned his soul to his Creator. A.D. 1707, r-^lix Mac Dowel, of the convent of Tulsk, returning from Rome to Ireland, and having disembarked t Dublin, was arrested and kept in the ■ '■■ sest conlinement, until a glorious death put an end to the suft'erings o ' . truly pious and religious man, on the 3d of February. A.D. 1708, 1 rt-rence O'Ferrall, a member of the Dominican ^ > vent of Longford, performed the functions of missionary apostolic in England, was imprisoned at London, where he endured many priva- tions while in conlinement; at length set at liberty, he repaired to Belgium, and thence again to England, where he was a second time sent to prison, and again released as a German. He at length died in Spain. A.D. 1710, James Barrett, a nobleman, released from the cares of life by the death of his wife, assumed the Dominican habit at Cork, where he lived in the practice of great humility and mortitication. He put on the dress of a shepherd, and attended the cattle of an English- man, until his death took place. A.D. 1713, Dominick MacEgan, of the Dominican convent of Tralee, having completed his studies in Spain, returned to Ireland, and arrested at Dublin, was cast into prison in the year 1700. By his exhortations he reclaimed the vicious, administered to them sacraments and especially to those convicted of capital oftences, and brought ba.-k many from the poisofi of heresy to a knowledge of the true faith, while he was a captive. He at length surrendered his soul into the hands of Ilim who gave it. A.D. I'JGS, died the primate Edmund O'lleilly. See diocese of Armagh. A.D. 1681, Oliver Plunket, primate of all Ireland, was executed at Tyburn (London). See diocese of. About 1650, Ilcber Mac Mahon, who was bishop of Cloghcr, and who assumed the sword in defence of his creed and ci ;intry, was igno- miniously put to death by the positive instructions of Sir Charles Coote, at Enniskillen. To Heber Mac Mahon allusion is made in the Koiuau Vision, a 768 ECCLESTASTICAL HT9T0RT OF IKELAND. poem, wliich the venerable Hardiman, of Galway, has inserted in the collection of Irish minstrelsy : — " And when he fell (Owen Roe O'Neil), meet to fill such place ! Uad'st thy own priest to countervail his loss, And o'er his prostrate banner rear the cross. And well be did thine errand ; — but the ^rave, When hath it ceased for human hopes £o crave 1 The grave hath closed on lleber; great heart! Proiul germ of nature, so matured by art, Had genius, culture, all, thou costly proy, But decked thee for the tomb 1 Thou envious clay, Oh ! what a mind thy leaden sleep hath bound, Pure as pervading— lucid as profound ! Spirit of Eogan, chafe not, if mine eye, The while I speak of lleber, be uot dry ; Nor deem thyself forgot — had he remained To rend the wihsring yoke his valor strained Almost to breaking ; had his happier hand Swept the pale, palsied Saxon from the land; Blasting the iron sceptre which it bent. Given us hopes, happinois, enfranchisement, No— not success, had taught another's fame To supersede my memory's vital claiui." • A.D. lo52, the heroic stiffcrings of Emer Mathev.s, bishop of ( gher, are also 'ecordcd in the annals of those disastrous times. Tliis venerable prelat.;, while discharging his pastoral duties, fell into the hands of Coote, one of Cromv/ell's most strenuous supporters. Having been for many days exposed to the indignities of a licentious soldiery, the prelate war at length conducted to Eiiniski'len,. loaded with heavy irons, and cast into a dungeon. Hero lie evinced the fortitude of a martyr, while his enemies were incessantly demanding bis blood. lie was eventually sentenced to death— hanged and bo celled ; bis head struck off, set on a spike, and ])laced in the juiblic market. A.D. 1080, Peter Talbot, archbishop of Dublin, died in prison. See diocese of. A.D. 1(545, Malachy O'Queely, arclibishop of Tuain, was slain in his attempt to recover Sligo. The archbishop, Teigo Conell, Augustine Iliggin, with other clergymen, were killed, and j)itifally mangled, nnd so left in the wuv. A.D. 1704, Dominick Burke, bishop of Eli)hin, died. See dioceso of Elphln A.D. 1650, BoetiuB Egan, bishop of Ross^ was handed fvo.vA the branches of a tree, by the reins of iiis own horse. Se« Clonmell, county Tippcrary. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOKY OF lEELANT). ^69 About tliis time, Doctor O'llegarty, a priest of the diocese of Derrj, was dragged from a mountain cavern and slain on a rock on the banks of Loughswilly, by a Captain Vaughan, son of a Cromwellian officer. Tliomas "Walsh, archbishop of Cashell, died an exile, in Gallicia (Spain). Eobert Barry, bishop of Cork and Cloyne, and Patrick Coinerford, bishop of Lismore and Waterford, became exiles, and were received at Nantz with great kindness by both clergy and people. Edmund O'Dwyer, bisliop of Limerick, and John Culenan, bishop of Eaphce, took refuge in Brussels. Walter Lynch, bishop of Clonfert, withdrew to Hungary. Edmund U'Dempsey, bishop of Leiglilin, repaired to Gallicia, in Spain. Francis Kirwim, bishop of Killala, repaired to Rentes, in Britanny. Hugh Burke, bishop of Killmucduach, was sheltered in England by his friends. Andrew Lynch, bishop of Killfenora, was sheltered in Normandy by the illustridus primate Francis de IFarhii. Arthur Magennis, bishop of Down, died at sea. Nicholas French, bishop of Ferns, died at Ghent, in Flanders. The illustrious Florence O'Mulchonry, archbishop of Tuam, died at Madrid, full of services to the church and of sanctity. This holy prelate, from the fountling of a college to the composition of a catechism, shrunk from no labor that could iu his opinion benefit the people of his native land. When Wexford had been stormed through tlie treachery of Stafford, CromM-ell gave orders, that an indiscrimiiuito massacre should take place; accordingly, buth clergy and people were put to the sword, ^ix members of the Franciscan order were selected, upon whom the re object of the vile consi)iratoi-s against, his life at- tained, ho was belieuded at Clonmel on the third day after sentence was pronounced. Such was the melancholy end of the popular, 'eloquent, zealous and energetic pastor of Clogheen. His life was sacrificed in the thirty-eighth yvrr- of his a^e, and his remains have been de])osi(ed in the ruined churchyard of Shandragan. But the p. /secutors of father Sheehy did not long escape the vengeance of tliat God who, even in this life, vindicates the cause of the just and the innocent. With tlie exception of one, all the conspirators, as well as the jury, met with violent and awful deaths. Sir Tlumms Maude died a lunatic. — _.._!- „,._ 3JJ Kiior. 1,'iie ui tuc jUrj, womca with remorse, committed suicide; another was found dead in a privy; a third was killed by iiia own horse; a fourth was drowned; a fifth was E0CLE8USTICAL mSTOBY OF IBKLAND. 773 Bhot, and BO on to the end of the list. H.e wretched prostitute Dunlea tell into a cellar, thus ending her miserable existence. Tuohey, con- victed of a felonious offence, was handed, and Lonergan, having assumed the profession of a soldier, contracted a loathsome disease, of which he died, m the capital of Ireland. The various kinds of torture employed by the Pagan emperoi^ of Kome during the ten pei-secutions with which they strove to impede the propagation of the Catholic faith, have been described by different authors. •' Some were put to death in an erect posture, as was our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. St. Peter, with his head towards the earth; others in the manner in which the martyrdom of St. Andrew is repre- sented. M-ny were made to pass their arms under the transvei-se beam of the cross, having their hands nailed to the upper part. Some were suspended from trees by the hands, their arms having been first tied behind their backs and heavy weights attached to their feet. Females were hung up by the hair, a torture sufficient to cause death; more hung up by one or both feet, the head downwards, and in many in- stances a large stone tied round the neck ; others had their hands nailed to a beam, with enormous weights at their feet. Fire was nnother instrument to which the persecutors had recourse borne of the martyrs were placed, as was St. Lawrence, upon gridirons: othei-s plunged into caldrons of boiling oil or pitch. Many were suffo- cated with smoke, or dressed in a garment smeared with some intlam- mable matter, and burned at a stake. Some were cast into fiery furnaces • others crowded into a ship which was ignited when at sea; othera inclosed in a brazen bull and roasted alive; more were tortured by red hot plates of iron a])i)lied to their sides; others were thrown upon the earth and molten lead poured over them, or were impaled ui>on a spit and roasted before a slow fire. Scourges were also used as instruments of tortui-e, some of which were of leather, of cane, of the tendons of o.xen, of iron links, and Bomct.mes of iron rods shaped with thorns, and which were called 'scorpions." The nuutyi-s were generally tied to posts; some, how- ever, were placed in a kind of stocks, and so scourged to death. Iron instruments were used in pulling out t'le teeth and eyes, and hooks or combs for tearing off the flesh. There were also knives for fluy.ng and axes for cutting tho martyrs into pieces. More were put to the wheel and the rack, embowelled, beheaded, strangled, and tiirown to wild beasts. Tims the blood -A' th« jM-irtv^, watered tho viii(>yar.l of the Lnrd during three hundred years, and "for eTer'^'praised tho name of tho Lord, who has vouchsafed to hand over the country of Ill IOCLE8IA8TICAL HI8T0BT OF IKELAOTJ. our birth to be tried aa gold in the furnace, and to have her tested in the bitterest ordeal to which a nation ever has been subjected. The direst foes of the Catholic faith have perished, while that faith remains and ia verdant as tlie bloom of *he spring. Nero was the fii-st persecutor of the Christians. This wretched prince, having committed many acts of injustice and unparalleled cruelty against his subjects while occupying the imperial throne of Home, was at length suddenly and unexpectedly abandoned by his guards. Seeing that his rain was imminent, ho retired from his palace and knocked at the doors of several of his friends; but Nero was refused admittance by all ; whereupon he left the city in search of a hidin-^- place, accompanied with four of his freed-meu. The companions of iJs Higlit were obliged to conceal themselves and the monster Nero in a sandpit. In the meantime, the Roman senate proclaimed Galba empe- ror, Nero as an enen- to the state, and condemned him to be dragged to the place of execution and there scourged to death. Informed of this decree, despair seized Nero, and in the moment of his rage, he stabbed himself with a poniard in the throat. Immediately afterl cen- turion arrived, who, wishing to preserve his lile till he should be pub- licly executed, oflfered him assistance, which, however, he rejected exclaiming, " It is now too late," and he immediately and miserably expired. Such was Nero, who caused the holy apostles SS. Peter and Paul to be martyred, because their prayers brought down the vengeance of Heaven on the impious impostor Simon Mixgm, who endeavored, by his magical skill, to frustrate the preaching of tiiose apostles. Sucii was the man who looked on the flames which were devouring the imperial city of Rome, from the tower of a fortress, and to which ho was acces- sory, or at least, of which lie was stiongly suspected by the inhabitants. Having thereby incurred the odium of tlie Kcmuins, and having failed to gain their esteem, he resolved to fling on the Christians the infamy of burning the capital of the empire, well knowing that harsh measures against the followers of the Redeemer would bo agreeable both to Jew and CJentile. In the primitive ages of tJie church, tlie Jews, not knowing the nature of the eucharistic sacrifice, whicli was then, through prudential motives, subjected to the discipline of the " secret," charged the early Christians with infanticide— a crime of which the Jews tiiemselveshave been convicted, crucifying them, in derision to the Saviour of man- kind. Tlie monster Nero accuses the Ciiristians with burning the Roman capital, and thus wrongly inculpated, their blood is shed, in order to ECCLE8U8TI0AL HISTOKY OF IRELAND. 775 gratify their Pagan enemies, and to conciliate towards Nero the good opinion of Jiis subjects. Tlie Catholic who is one in name as well as in reality, has cause of joy and consolation when he knows that such a monster as Nero was the firat whose imperial edict shed the blood of the early martyrs— that blood which has given life and energy and victory to the laith which was proscr'bed. The conduct of the modern adversaries of the church reminds one of the first calumuies uttered against tJie professoi-s of the true faith. Catholics are not now charged with the crime of infanticide, as of old ; another name is more applicable, according to our modern foes. Catho- lics are now-a-days " damnable idolaters ;" and those of the British empire, as were those of tiio Roman capital, have been cliarged with the burning of London, as well as witli the plot of blowing up the senate-house— a plot of which British ministers are equally suspected, nay, to which they have given maturity, consistent with their plans of aggression on the rights and liberties of Catholic subjects. And to perpetuate the memory of this plot, and to fling the odium of this nefarious design on the Catholic body, the artful ministers gave It the appellative of a "popish plot," appointed a national festival to celebrate their happy escape from the machinations of popish ene- mies, and also erected a " lying monument " in tlie capital of proud England, which now, in its mute language, administers reproof to the vile calumnies which the Protestant governors, as well as the Protes- tant people of that country, have basely uttered against the Catholics of the realm. Another fell enemy to the Christian faith was Julian, the apostate, who undertook to destroy utterly the church of Christ, wlio declared himself the enemy of the Redeemer, and the worshiper of the gods. His animosity to the Christian religion suggested to him the impious project of rebuihling the temi)lo and city of Jerusalem, in order, as he conceived, to falsity the ]jrediction of our Saviour relative to ita destruction. Julian, by letter, invited the Jews to assoml)le from every quarter of the globe, and assist in his foolish design. He ordered mate- rials to be procured at his own expense, ajjpointing Alypins to superin- tend as well as liastcn the work. The old foundations of the temple were dug up in a very short time, thus verifying the prophecy, "that not one stone should bo left upon another." The trenches were at length open — tiie stones of the foundations were ready to be set next morning— the Jews were in transports of delight, when a sudden earth- quake retilled the trenches, scattered the materials, overturned the con- tiguous buildings, and buried many of the workmen in the bowels of the earth. Struck with awe and astonishment, yet not deterred from III II 776 ECXLESIASTICAI, HI8T0ET OF lEELAND, prosecuting tlie design which the apostate Julian suggested they renewed their attempts. Then, indeed, from the earth bui-st forth a flaming tori'ent of fire, which, continuing its eruption, rendered it impossible to approach the trenches without being consumed. It ceased at intervals, but began to flow when an eftbrt was made to . approach. ^ The total ruin of the Christian name and the reestablishment of Idolatry were the objects which the wicked an^bition of this apostate wretch had contemplated. Yet he published no sanguinary edicts nor did he draw the sword against the Christians ; but by pecuniary mu'lcts by troublesome and vexatious suits and insults, he cruelly persecuted tliem. The clergy he stripped of their privileges; the pensions which Constantme the Great had granted for tlie support of ecclesiastics, virgins and widows, he suppressed, in .order, as he sarcastically observed to teach them evangelical poverty. Ho forbade them to sue or plead in courts of justice, alleging that suits at law were at variance with the principles of their religion. He shut up the schools of the Christians m order to deprive tliem of knowledge. . He exacted large contribul tions wherewith to repair his heathen temples. He levelled many of the Christian churches, converting the sacred utensils of the altars to pagan purposes. Having reigned nearly two years, he liad an engagement with the Persians, A.D. 3G3, and seeing, in the . .at of the battle, some Persians betaking themselves to flight, he raised his arms and his voice, animat- ing his soldiers in tlie pursuit, when a Persian knight shot a well-aimed arrow, which pierced his side and entered liis liver. Having striven to extract the fatal arrow, he lacerated his hands, and his strength failing, he fell from his hoi-se. Pvemoved to a neighboring hut, where he pro- cured surgical assistance, which apparently restored him, and havin- again mounted his steed, in order to lead on and animate his troops, hi^ strength forsook him, and Julian, the enemy of religion and its holy founder, expired that night. It is related, that when he received the latal wound, ho iilled his hand with the blood which flowed from his side, and dashing it into the air, exclaimed: "Galilean, (the name he gave the Saviour in derision,) thou hast conquered me." Dioclesian, who has had the infamous celebrity of sacrificing more of the Christians than any other tyrant, having held the empire twenty years, was obliged to abdicate by his son-in-law, Galorius, who had the support of the army, and who at c.nce assured Dioclesian that his renunciation of the sovereignty would be either spontaneous or compul- sory. Tlie wretched emperor, left no alternative, abandoned in his'old nge, and an object of contempt to all, he became so weary of life, that throwing himself on the ground, he was wont to writhe in the 'most ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOET OF EBELAND. 777 friglitful contortions. At length, overpowered with melancholy, he resolved on hastening his own death. In prosecution of this design, he deprived himself of food and sleep, thus terminating his wicked 'and miserable existence. Maximinian was the associate of this monster in the atrocities which were practised on the Christians, as well as in the government of the empire. In the miserable death which his crimes deserved, another instance of an avenging Providence has been mani- fested : even while at his banquets, such was his ferocious disposition, he caused men to be devoured by a savage bear. As his abdication of the empire was in some degree forced, he was constantly plotting for its recovery. He gave his daughter to Constantine the Great, in marriage; and as he was jealous of his son-in-law being vested with the purple, lie resolved on his assassination. Relying ou his daughter, he desired to obtain admission to Constantine's bed-chamber, with the intention of despatching him while buried in sleep ; but the daughter, who loved her husband more than her father, sliewed him into another apartment, where a person was sleeping, whom he murdered. Leaving the victim of his treacherous project weltering in his blood, he, on retiring, met Constantine, who was aware of his resolve and of the bloody deed he had just conmiitted, and who resolutely ordered tlie tyrant to choose the manner in which he would prefer to die. Having selected that of strangulation, his infamous life was thus miserably terminated. Miiximinius, in tlie cruelties which lie directed against the Christians, was little inferior to his predecessoi-s. Overthrown by Licinius, he escaped to Tarsus, where he was clo.^ely besieged, without hope of saving himself by flight. Having prepared a final banquet, as he called it, he gorged himself with food and wine to such a degree, that the poison which ho subsequently took produced no immediate effect, but it reduced him to such a miserable state, that he lay four days in tlie most dreadful agony— unable to take food, yet swallowing handsful of earth in his frenzy. Stung with unutterable agony, and as if having a fore- taste of the torments of hell, ho daslied his head again.-st a wall with such violence that his eyes burst from their sockets. The violence of the poison consumed his flesh to such a degree, that ho could be scarcely recognized. In the midst of his agony, inviting death to disengage him from his torture, his soul left its miserable tabermide, according"© the woe pronounced by the prophet Zacliary : "And tliis shall "be the plague wherewith the Lord will strike all the people that have fought against Jerusalem : their flesh shall consume away while they staiid upon their f-et, and their eyes slsall consume away in their holes, P,aa their tongues shall consume away in their moutli." The emperor Valens, who was an Arian heretic, became the sworn porsecutor of the Catholic churclu Having Buffered much from the 778 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOKr OP IRELAND. Arians, tlie Catholics sent a deputation of eighty ecclesiastics to wait upon the emperor, and lay before hira their grievances. Instead ot giving redress, the impious tyrant treated the etnbassy with the greatest disrespect, giving, at the same time, secret orders to have them put to death. The prefect caused them to embark in a vessel, whose sailors were instructed to abandon and set it on lire. In this horrible manner those ecclesiastics rendered up their lives. There were very few cities that did not groan under the effects of his cruelties. Having arrived at Antioch, he put many Catholics to the torture ; others he caused to be drowned, while the number sent into exile for the faith was almost incalculable. Valens published an edict, commanding all the monks to be forcibly enlisted, and at the same time confiding its execution to Lucius the false bishop of Alexandria. Lucius, at the head of three thousand soldiers, proceeded to the deserts of Nitria, where he slew many of the holy Eremites, having banished many more to the swamps of Egypt. But in the year 378, the justice of heaven overtook Valens, for while the Goths were preparing sm assault upon Constantinople, a holy monk named Isaac, thus addressed him, " Whither dost thou Ijasten, O empe- ror ? Thou art doing battle against the Lord ; but he shall discomfit thee. Thou shalt fail in the struggle and never more return." Valens in a rage, replied, " I shall return and make thee pay with thy life the penalty of thy rashness." The monk was sent to prison, but Valens returned not. Overthrown and flying from the field, he was struck with an arrow. Having taken refuge in a neighboring cottage, and a troop of the enemy's cavalry having arrived, who finding the door shut, not knowing who was then its occupant, set fire to the hut. Thus the unhappy emperor perished in the niidst of the flames, in the fiftieth year of his age. Anastasius, who held the empire twenty -seven years, was a violent persecutor of the Catholics. He was raised to the throne from a private life against the will of Euphemius, the zealous patriarch of Constanti- nople, who, aware of his hostility to the Catholic faith, opposed his election till he had sworn to observe the ordinances of the council of Chalcedon. Disregarding his oath, he the more pei-secuted the Catho- lics, as if his enmity was the more enkindled by being obliged to swear to the observance of the constitutions of this council. He was soon, however, struck with the divine vengeance, of which he was forewarned, and of which St. Elias, patriarch of Jerusalem, had a wonderful revelation. In the year 518, this holy bishop, then ninety years o:"age, was in conipany willi St. Sabba, a monk, in tiie vicinity of Jeru- salem ; when the hour of refection came, the patriarch refused to par- take of food, telling his companion, that at the very histant the tyrant ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOST OF IBELAHD. 779 had expired. On that evening, a thunderstorm arose, and the emperor, affriglited at the bolts of heaven, still more alarmed with remorse for his persecutions, fled from room to room in liia palace, and at length concealed himself in a small apartment. His courtiei-s, on entering, found him dead. Great as have been the injuries inflicted on the church of God by Pagan as well as heretic princes, sucli as Valens and Anastasius, yet heresiarchs have done her more serious evils, for false teachings and specious sopliistry are more pernicious, as they are the more insidious, to the cause of truth than the stake or tlie gibbet. Arius, the author of that foul heresy which bears his name, was bom in Africa. Having arrived in Alexandria, he attached himself to the schism of Meletius, which he afterwards abandoned ; was ordained a priest and intrusted with the care of a parish. Upon the death of the patriarch Achilhi, Arius entertained the hope of filling the patriarchal chair; but seeing that St. Alexander was preferred to tliat dignity, he began to censure the conduct as well as the faith of the prelate. Arius accused him of falsely teaching that the divine Word was the Son of God, begotten from eternity and coequal and consubstautial with the I ather. Arius, on the contrary, taught blasphemously, that God created the Word after the manner of liis other creations ; and that in consequence of his superior holiness, he wna honored with (he title of the Word and Son of God. In vain did St. Alexander admonish this blasphemous wretch. In a synod which the saint convoked, this impious doctrine was condemned ; its author obliged to fly the city and retire to Pales- tine, where, through intrigue and deceit, he succeeded in gaining the favor of some bishops. Endeavoring to propagate his errors, Arius caused a great commo- tion through the East ; and the emperor Constr -..i; le, in *he hope of at once extinguishing the heresy, conceived tlie idea of having a council assembled at Nice, wliere three hundred and eighteen bishops formally condemned the doctrines of the heresiarch, and exliibiting the scars and wounds they received in defence of the true Catholic and apostolic faith, declared that Jesus Christ was the true and eternal Sou of God and consubstautial with the Father. Arius, having refused obedience to the decree of che council, was banished by Constantino to Illyricum. His followers, nevertlieless, succeeded in pereuading the emperor that lie conformed to the doctrines which the council taught, and that he, moreover, swore never to depart therefrom. It was tlierefore agreed that Arius should be admitted to the com- munion of the faithful, and being for this purpose conducted to the church at Constantinople in processional triumph, and having arrived II 730 ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0SY OF IRELAND. at the great square of the city, the holy patriarch, in the meantime imploring the God of the true iaith and of all consolation not to permit such a profanation, he was struck with divine vengeance. I]a\inff been seized suddenly with violent writhings in his bowels, Arius asked whither he could retire ; he was accompanied by a domestic, who waited at tlic door of the apartment whicli he entered, xlis bowels burst asun- der internally and came forth, an immense flow of blood accompanyirx^ them. Th.us^ as another Judas, perislied the arch-heretic Arius. After considerable delay, some of his friends entered the place and found him dead. ISTestorins imitated Arius in the persecution of the church by the teaching of another impious doctrine. In the year 427 or 428, he was elevated to the patriarchate of Con- stantinople, and at first evinced ranch z-d against the heretics, particu- larly the disciples of Arius. He brought with him from Antioch a priest named Anastasius, whom he one day instructed to state in his sermon, that the blessed Virgin should not be called Mother of God, but only tlie Mother of Christ. The people, greatly scandalized at this new doctrine, called on the patriarch to punish the rashness of the preacher. Instead of correcting this insolence, Nestorius on the follow- ing day ascended the pulpit, defended the false proposition of Anasta- sius, openly declaring that Christ was not God, and that therefore his mother could not be called Mother of God. In another sermon he said, "If any one shall dare to call the Virgin, Mother of God, let him be anathema." lie denied the hypostatic xmion of the " divine word " with the " human nature " in Christ, and affirmed tliat the Word was united to Christ merely by grace, as it is united to the saints, but in a manner more excellent. He declared that the Word dwelt in the humanity of Clirist, as in a temple ; and thence concluded that this humanity of our Redeemer should be honored as we honor the purple of a king, or the throne on which he sits, always denying that the Son of God was made man and died for our salvation. Some abbots (called in the Greek church Archimandrites) who refused to adopt his errors, were imprisoned by the patriarch and most cruelly scourged. At length a council, composed of one hundred and eighty-eight bisliops, at Chalcedon, condemned the doctrine« of Nestorius, deposed him from the patriarchate, and pronounced against him the sentence )f excommuni- cation. Tlie people, who waited all day \vith great anxiety to leani the decision of the council, returneu thanks to God with every manifestation "^ j^y? when it was announced. They attended tlic bishops to tUu- dwellings with lighted torches ; ladies preceded the procession, carrying thuribles of incense through the streets, which were brilliantly illumin- ECCLESIASTICAL mSTORY OF IRKLAND. m ated. Tlie liercsiarcli was banished by the oniperor Tlicodosius, and liMBombly died in exile. Some relate that, in a moment of despair, li& dashed out his brains. Others say that he died of a cancer in tiie mouth, the worms proceeding from which devoured his tongue, wliich had pro- nounced 80 many blasphemies against the divine Son and his virgin mother. Montanus and Cerinthus resembled these heresiarchs in their hostility to the church, as well as in the dreadful deaths which put an end to their impieties. The iii-st, after having grievously afflicted the church of God witli his abominable tenets, and perverted many with the assist- ance of two women who laid claim to the gift of prophecy, at length suspended himself from a beam, thus ending his wicked career. Of Cerinthus, St. Ireneus relates that he went to Ephesus to dispute with St. John or to disturb the faithful who had obtained the grace of conversion. God speedily punished him ; for, entering the public baths where the holy evangelist was, the saint exclaimed, '' Let us go hence, my brethren, lest the house tiill." Scarcely had they departed, when the baths fell with a dreadful crash, burying Cerinthus alive in the ruins. Manes, chief of the Manicheans, also jnet with a miserable end. The son of Sapor, king of Persia, was sick rlmost to death, and being despaired of by his physicians, his father became inronsoluble. In the height of rashness lanes undertook to restore him to health, provided he would embrace his doctrines. Tlie prince was accordingly intrusted to his care ; however, he died tiie same day ; whereupon the king was 60 enraged, that Manes was condei.^ned to death The impostor was sent to prison, but he eluded his fate by bribing the guards, and having made a long stay at Mesopotamia, w)dther he &ed, and fancying that th-^ anger of the king was assuaged, he returned to Persia. Sapor, aware of his return, ordered him to be seized and flayed alive with sharp- pointed reeds. His skin was inflated and exposed to public view. St. Epiphanius, who records the fact, saw the un)..ted skin, one hundred years after. The great reformer himself, Luther, closed his career by a death which corresponded to his immoral and intemperate life. He had been a professed religious of the order of St. Augustine ; but throwing off the cowl, he married the abbess of a certain nunnery, and at length, in the year 15G4r, having feasted sumptuously, as was his custom, he was attacked suddenly in the night by mortal pa'ns, and died, as he had lived since he became a rebel to the church of God, amid feasting and iniquity. His remains were brought to Wittemberg, on a kind of triumphal car, followed by the abbess, who was his concubine, and their three illegitimate children. li 782 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IBELAinj. Ecolarftpadius, a monk of the order of St. Brigit, and who was afteN wards tlie companion and disciple of Zuinglius, died in the forty-ninth year of his age, and one after the decease of his master. It is .-ecorded that he made frequent attempts on his own life, and finally succeeded in putting an end to his existence by poison. It is also asserted that this wretched apostate, when about to expire, exclaimed, " Alas I I shall Boon be in hell." Calvin strenuously labored in extending the kingdom of Lucifer, and became the occasion of ruiu to myriads of souls. He died at Geneva, in the year 1564, as well as Martin Luther, and in the fifty-fourtii year of his age. Theodore Beza, who preferred the society of a f.,ir damsel to the salvation of his immortal soul, and who admitted to b-, Francis de Sales, that her charms, at tfm saim tuns calUmj tier into tfw presence qfthc holy lishop, outweighed the arguments which the saint advanced with a view of eftecting his conversion, affirms that Calvin died most placidly ; otl >rs, who have written his life, quoted by Katalis Alexan- der and by Cardinal Gotti, state that he expired invoking the devils, cursing his life, his studies, and his writings, his ulcers sending lorth an intolerable stench. "Demoncs invocantem, dejerantem, execrantem, vitoB Buse diras imprecantem suis studiis ac scriptis nuiledicentem ; deni' que ex suis celeribus intolerabilem faitorem emittentem, in locum suura descendisse." Thus Calvin departed, to render an account to the Lord of life and death for the myriads of soula perverted and lost through his means. liBCLKeiASTICAL HI8T0EY OF IKliLAJO). 788 CHAPTER LXVni. CLAUSES OP THE rEVAL E>JACTMENTS OP ELIZABETH, JAMES, Ao AOUNST ru, CATUOLICS-RESTRICriO.VS OP THE CALIPH OMAR OX THE CI UI3 TIANS OF .TERDSALEM SrUIKINOLY SIMILAR TO THOSE OP EVOLAVD SYMPATHY W,TH IRELAND ON THE COXTINEXT-COLLrGES iWND^^^ ■OR IRISH ECCLESIASTICS-CROMWELL'S RULE IN IR,.^VND Ac PRO CLAMATION OP HIS COMMISSIONERS-NOIiLES AND PEO ^E dI'^^iZ CONNAUGHT-STATUTE OP WILLIAM HL-RKGISTRATION AH Op'ouZ ™-^L.A.ENTARY UETHUNS OP THE STATE OP O^^J^^^ In perusing tl.is brief outline of tl.c l.ostlle career of the geat P««an and heretical pc^ectoi-s of the Catholic church, an aHinity i« ealily perceptible between the n.echani.n which they .et in motion in order to ext.ngimh the Christian religion and that which the heretical ..overn- ot he iaith and the insidious policy of Julian the Apostate, and of Valens, the Aruu. emperor, .is their .nodels, have enacted against that creed wh.cl. they abandoned and which was professed by large n.nube. ot the Lnghsh ijeople at that very tin.o and by the whole of the inhab- lantsot rehuu-a policy which the llu.,elU and other plunderer, of he church would still adopt, as well as reueu the limbs of Ireland, h.ng bound HI th. irons of oppressi.m and pe.-secution, had not over- grown her numacies and b„,>t them .vsunder in her elforts to be free, lluit the contract be tamiHar, a nun.erieal list of the penal statutes is subjom.,!, winch were enacted in the reig,.8 of Elizabeth, James, and Cluules, as well as during the usurpation of Cromwell, including tho registratum act, which surpassed them in its deadly ui„, nt c.e extinc- tion ot tlio Catholic priesthood of Ireland. 1. Aseeoml refusal of tho oath of supremacy, even in spirituals, to be punished as high (,vas,m.—(r.th Eliz., cap. 1.) 2. To defend or extol (he auth.uity of the Human See, punishabU lus high treason, if the oHeiice was committed a second time. 3. To obtain a bull or use the samo-high treason. 784 B0CLE9IA8TICAL HISTORY OF IBELAKD. 4. To persuade or reconcile any one to the Catholic religion — ^high treason. — (2oth Eliz. and 3d of James.) 5. Priests, religious, and otliers initiated in the Roman rite or orders, coming or remaining in the kingdom, subjected to higli treason. 6. Any of the aforesaid priests, &c., remaining six months in a seminary after the promulgation of the statute, punishable at their return with high treason. — ('27th Eliz.) 7. To conceal a bull or instrument from the See of Rome, or even a reconciliation either proposed or offered, punished as treason. 8. To harbor or conceal those who make proselytes to the Roman religion, to be punished with high treason. — (27th Eliz.) 9. To receive, harbor or assist an ecclesiastic, knowing him to be such — high treason. 10. To refuse leaving the country (or return without, licence) when ordered — high treason. — (35th Eliz.) 11. To engage in the service of a foreign prince without first swear- ing allegiance and the royal supremacy, and at the same time vowing and guaranteeing in some formal manner a resolve of non-conforming with the Catholic faith — high treason. — (3d James.) 12. Tiie first refusal of tlie oath of the royal suprempcy, &c., pun- ished with a " prffimunire," a punisliment involving confiscation of moveable and immoveable property — perpetual incarceration and depri- vation of legal rights. 13. To propose or defend .i"y spiritual authority in the see of Rome — punishable with the statute ■ pnwmtiniro. 14. To bring or carry or receive crosses, images, and other badges of popery, bucI' as relics — punishable with praiinunire. 15. To assist any one in the execution of a diploma granted by the Holy See — a case of projmuniro. — (27th Eliz., 2 chap.) 10. To harbor or assist any one living in colleges or foreign semi- nariea — a case of prasmuniro. 17. A second refusal of the oath jf allegiance — prajmunire. — (3rd James.) 18. Not to disclose the name, if known, of an ecclesiastic ordained in foi-eign parts — imprisonment. — (:^7tli Eliz.) ID. Recusants already judged or suspected — imprisonment. 20. Refusing to attend Protestant conventicles or Protestant ser- vice— impribonmcnt without rocogniza'ioo to be liad.™ ('55th Eliz.) 21. A married woman refusing the oath of allegiance — imprison- ment. — (od James.) §3- A !!ia rioti woman cotivictod of rocusRnpv. to \i& iinnrison^d. and the husband to bo mulcted with £10 sterling per month, or iu the third part of his landed property. — (7th James.) ECCLESIASTICAL HI8TORT OF IBELAOT*. ^gS 23. Catholics unable to pay tlie fines into the royal treasury to be imprisoned until the whole would be paid.— (23d Eiiz.) 24. The residence of the recusant liable to be forcibly entered, when to be arrested.— (7th James.) 25. An absentee from the Protestant church for a vear, shall find security for good behavior.— (23d Eliz.) 26 AH recusants prevented, under pain of death, from goinij beyond five miles, in any direction, from their houses.— (23d Eliz ) 27. Recusants not allowed to approach within ten miles of London — (3d James.) 28. Recusants forbidden to enter the palace of the soverei-n or the heir apparent.— (3d James.) ° 29. Absence from the Protestant church each Sunday, punished with a fine of twelve pence.— (1st Eliz. 2.) 30. Absence on festivals or holidays-fi-jc of twelve pence 31. Absence for a month from Protestant service, punished with a mulct of twenty pounds.— (Eliz. and James.) 32. Inability to pay the twenty pounds, punishoa with confiscation of etiects, lauds and tenements.— (Eliz. and James.) 33. Optional with the king to receive or refuse the twenty pounds line, or levy it on the property.— (Sd James.) 34. All lands and tenements held by recusants under a royal title cede to the king for the offence.- (25th Eliz.) * 35. AH penalties and fines for recusancy due by the predecessor are entailed on the heir, if recusant.— (Ist James.) 36. Refusal of sacraments according to the Anglican form, punishod ho fii-st year with a fine of twenty poundn, the second year forty, tho third refusal sixty pounds, and to be so mulcted in each successive year — (3d James.) -^ 37. Tlie informer entitled to two pounds sterling, of the recusant's. 38. Tlie rocusant servant to be fined ten pounds each month, should he persevere, «\:c.— (3d James.) 30. If a married woman was recusant, two-thirds of her jointure (»ir dowry to bo confiscated to the crown.— (3d James.) 40. Catholics for each suit in a court of justice, to pav a fi.ie of one hundred pounds.— (James, &c.) 41 Parents not having their children baptized wi hin % month after their b.rth ncoording to the Anglican fi.n>_". ^ 43. Burinl in any other than a Protestant cemetery or chnrcU~-fln« of one hundred pounds.-<3d James, chap. 5 ) 786 ECCLESIASTICAL IIISTOBr OF XBKLAND. 44. To send youths abroad without licence— fine of ten pounds. 45. To employ a lector or schoolmaster, not a Protestant, and not having liberty to teach— a montldy fine often pounds.— (23d Eliz.) 46. A recusant teacher or Catholic retaining him— a daily fine of two pounds British. — (1st James.) ^ 47. All the goods, moveable and fixed, of a Catholic going to pro- hibited regions, confiscated, during his lifetime, to th« crown.— (23d EIlz. and 3d James. 48. The education of a son beyond seas in the Catholic religion- confiscation of the ofi-ender's property, moveable and immoveable"— fSd Charles.) ■ ^ 49. A Catholic residing within ten British miles of London— fined one hundred pounds British.— (3d James.) 50. A Catholic exercising any function contrary to the statute, the 3d of James, punished with a fine of one hundred pounds. 51. Catholics debarred from holding offices ; could not be advocates, ..iministratoi-s, or officials in the courts ; could not practice medicine or pharmacy; nor serve in the army or in the fleet; nor command in camp or fort.— (3d James.) 62. Catliolics disqualified to enter appeals, «fcc.— (3d James.) 53. The husband of a recusant wife incapacitated to hold office.— (3d James.) 54. Marriage contracted in any other rite than the Anglican, deprived the wife of a right to a jointure from the goods of her hus^ band, &c.— (3d James.) 55. Catholics disqualified from instituting actions at law, presenting to benefices, and also from becoming executors or guardians.- (3d James.) 56. Young men educated in foreign parts without licence, excluded from inheriting any of their paternal property.— (Ist & 3(1 James.) 57. Catholics declared subject to the ecclesiastical censures of Trotestart ministers, and to their consequences.- (23d Eliz. and 3d James.) Such were the penal enactnuMits passed to repress tlio growth of popery under tlio auspices of t!io bastard Elizabeth, whose unjust occu- pation of the throne brought those evils on the country which she govenu'd, and on the faith which could not recf»gnizo her as the lawful sovereign, to the exclusion of the rightful heiress, whom she put to death. Hitherto the name of that queen has Ijeon revered. But Eng- land, fast emerging from the foul her^ ies in which Elizabeth involved the realm, will Hmin bliL^li "* »'>" .•rp.«i».,/.jo. „i' i,„_ , ,.i- ? „• '- "■•'-■ 'nrtn!i-.--»3 oi iier pL-Dpic, consigning, us fur as p(wsible, to oblivion and infamy, the name of a queen who could 80 fai forget the natural modesty inherent in her sex, aa to have '< the fiCCLESIASTICAL HI8T0KY OP IKELAKD. 787 natnn..l issue of her body " declared .^.itimate, though she wished to be reputed a " virgin queen." A« well pronounee her a virgin a! call • her tat er a man of one only wife. Her cri.es against reHgio^ d virtue have been veiled with that charity which the faith she pLcuted inculcates. Her infamous career of hatred to the Catholic church has of necessity become hereditary in successive governments, entailing on the country all the confiscations and robberies of her successor, James • the decapitation of his son, Charles ; the usurpation of Cromwell, who' It IS said, with his own ha.nl, struck off the head of his soverei..n • thj expulsion ot James 11. by rebels; the slaughter of Irish CathoHcs'who maintained his ngl., to the crown, in antagonism to hfe son-in-law, Wil ham, and all the evils, social and religious, to which Ireland is and has been subjected. Comments on such laws are unnecessary ; they themselves bespeak the deep-rooted animosity of the plunderers by whom they were enacted. In tl^ year 637, when Jerusalem was captured by the Maho medan caliph Omar, restrictions strikingly similar to those of En-^and were imposed on the Christians of that city. Perhaps the legislators of our country modelled their penal enactments on those of the'^caliph «h«, 1 "h"'' '^ Oniar against the Christians r-Tliat the Christians hall build no new churches, and that Moslems shall be admitted into them at all times. English reformers have seized the churches of Irish Catholics, loav ing them to worship God and celebrate the tremendous mysteries in the caverns and lonely vallies of Ireland, while a watchman was placed on an eminence to give notice when the priest-hunter was approachin.. 2d a.ticle:-They shall not prevent their children or friends from professing Islauiism, or read the Koran. The Irish schoolmiwter was proscribed ; education was proscribed and of course th^ reading of th. BihU wa. judiciously set aside, though now the only standard and teacher of true Protestant religion. Yet having placed education beyond the reach of Catholic Ireland Protes- tants have the unblushing eaVontery to charge us with ignorance 8d article :-They shall erect no crosses on their churches, and only toll, not ring their bells. ^ The crosses .of Irish churclio« have been repeatedly prostrated Ashamed of their unholy warfare, against the emblem of redemption, 1 rotostants now erect crosses on their own churches. In Ireland the use of bells was altogether prohibited until of late years. 4th article: — ^Tliev shall not wmir tha A-ni. dressy «-?- i J, „ - — — •-• ral oulogy, and hearts panting with sympathetic emotion for the Bufferings of the Irish priesthood were prepared to receive them with etrL'i.:l affection and provide thein with uLeUer iVom the vengeuuco of English persecutors. In vt.ri;)U8 parts ot the continent, college* for the reception of Irish ECCJLESIASnCAL HISTOBT OF IBKLAND. 789 Btndents were m a short time established. Under the protection of Philip n., king of Spain, and other benefactoi-s, who munificently endowed them, they soon multiplied, and while the Irish church could thus calculate on a regular succession in the ministry, the malice of England was confounded and her nana, became a by-word of contempt and scorn throughout Europe. In 159.5, the Irish seminary at Lisbon was founded by cardinal Zimines, who had ever taken a lively interest in its welfare, and wlio was, according t? his own directions, honorably interred in its church. Another establishment was founded about the same time at Evora, by Cardinal Henriques. In 169G, the Irish college at Douay, in Flanders, had been founded. Christopher Cusack, a learned priest, of the diocese of Meath, had through his influence con- tributed much in advancing this literary retreat. He also by his exer- tions founded the colleges at Lisle, Antwerp, Tournay and St. Omer. Seminaries were established in Bordeaux, Toulouse, and Nantz for Irish students, under the patronage of Anne, queen of Austria. The Irish college on the hill of St. Cxenevifeve, in Paris, was a gift from the French government, and to which the baron de St. Just had been a great benefactor. In 1582, the college of Salamanca was founded for Irish students by the states of Castile and Leon, Philip IIL being its principal patron ; and about the same time two extensive seminaries were erected, one of them a royal establishment, at Seville, for the education of Irish missionaries, to wliich Sarapater, a learned canon of tliat city, was a principal benefactor. In the last year of this century, the baron George Silveria founded the Irish college at Alcala de llenares; he afterwards richly endowed it, and it became, in the seventeenth, a source of incalculable benefit to the Irish church. At Madrid there was an agent appointed, who handed to the Dominican missionaries who completed their studies in Spain, the viatics of eighteen golden coins called doubloons, given by the king ot S])ain to enable them to return to Ireland. Those estabbVhmonts, which arose in rapid succession throughout the Continent, had in a few years defeated the object wiiich the ruthlosa enactments of Elizabeth had presumed to contemplate. The spirit of persecution, already sufficiently violent, now became desperate and mfiiriated. Proclamations without number were issued; all who had children or wards in foreign countries, were ordered to notify their names to the local magistrate within ten days, to have ther.i recalled within four months, and on their return to present themselves before the constituted authorities. ihiis raged the storm without a calm over the ancient church of Ireland. Terror became general ; the country in its desolate beauty, and its religion with all its loveliu^ and benedictions, was involved ia Miw*^' 790 ECCLESLiSTICAL HISTOEY OF lEELAND. universal ruin. Yet the bark of Peter, like unto Noah's, ascended the waters of this new deluge, with which English heresy strove to sub- merge her ; secure in tlie promises of her Saviour, and moored to (lie rock of apostolic unity, as firm and immovable as the heights of the eternal hills, the national church of Ireland, though her beauty has been sullied is spreading her roots deeply in the very strongholds of error and cor- ruption, and through her people demolishing tliat huge Colossus of crime and turpitude wherewith English heresy would infect the univei-sal fold of Christ, The regicides of England having seized the helm of government Cromwell should appease their a])petite for plunder, as well as satiate that indescribable phrenzy and malice whicli this unhappy ]a„d hug exhibited during ages against that faith which has given England every thing that ennobles lier history and renders her constitution tlie most perfect that human wisdom ever devised. As the country was parcelled out to tiiose sanguinary wretches whose descendants still mar the boun- ties of creation by their savage treatment of the tenantry of Ireland, penal fences were necessary to protect them in their wholesale robberiel of the Irish proprietors, who were doomed to destruction, and of the Irish tenants, whose rights were respected and sacred under the native proprietary, as well as to punish them for that ullegiance Mhich prompted a recourse to arms in defence of their king, their country and their creed. The articles promulgated under the hypocrite Cromwell and the mur- derer of his sovereign, and t.o whom a (/mt^ful country would assign a statue in the new senate-house of England, did not the sarcasm of Daniel O'Connell, Ireland's faithful sou a-:d liberator, prevent tlie design, are in perfect unison with his masked piety. No. 1 pro ..les that no scholar of the Irish nation be permitted to teach the art of writing, speaking or aritlmietic. Ko. 2. No one could send his children beyond seas to any seminary for the purpose of pursuing his studies in the arts and sciences, under pain of confiscating his effects and of legal disability. No. 3. Tliat no one whose parents were Irish should bo admitted as an apprentice in a town or in mercantile business. No. 4. Tliat no Irishman be admitted, eitiier publicly or privately, to any office or function. (Ilibernia Dominicana.) No. 5 provides that no ofttces be conferred on Irishmen while an Englishman could bo found capable of holding it; that tlio Irish should be merc'y hewcrs of wood and drawers of water ; that only wages snffi. cient to »uj>j)ort nature should bo given, so that they could not attain ■wealth, but remain in the condition of eertk and vasaals without hope of ever attaining any station. No. a. That Irish nobles should be confined in some fortified district KCCLESIASTICAL HI8T0ET OF IRELAND. 791 and within certain limits, so tliat if they crossed its borders, Cromwell's soldiers wore at liberty to deprive them of life and property as rebels and oiitlaws. No. 7. That Irish stewards be only retained three years by Crom- well's rabble soldier-farmers, giving them or imposing on them a tribute, which would leave means only for food and raiment. No. 8. That all Irish youtlis, having reached the fourteenth year, , should be enlisted in the land service or in the marine of England, that they might expiate tlie blood of Britons, shed in Ireland. No. 9. Whoever harbored any one adhering to the see of Rome was declared guilty of high treason. No. 10 provides that Irish women, now too numerous, am. therefore lialle to p'ostitutio^i, be sold to merchants, transported to Vii-ginia, New England, Jamaica and to otiier countries, there to obtain a livelihood by their labor. (Ilibernia Dominicana.) No. 11. That Irish soldiers be disarmed; all commanders strictly inhibited from enlisting them even as foot-soldiers. No. 12. That Irish nobles, whose parents were not of English descent, should wear in their hats yellow wreaths or ribbons, under pain of capital punishment ; inferiora were to be branded on the right cheek ; non-compliance with this article involved its forcible insertion; a second offence against this famous criterion of Irish degradation exposed the pei-son to the treatment which is inflicted on spies. No. 13 provided that castles or fortresses should be erected in the ports of Ireland, in wiiich no Hibernian was permitted to locate himself, lest danger should ari^e to tlio commonwealth. No. 14. That Irish farmers should send provisions to the government stores at the lowest price. (Ilibeinia Dominicana.) No. 15 provided that Irish farmei-s should be removed as far as pos- sible from the fortresses ; that the best farms should be reserved for the druininci-s and bandsmen of his Puritan army ; the worst assigned to the L'isli, and at the liigliest price. No. 1(5. That Irish farmers, holding ten acres, should sow one with hemp or flax to provide canvas for the fleet. No. 17. Tliat, wherever a scarcity of wood existed, the farmers should preserve every year si.x apple-trees, as many pear and ashen ones. No. 18. That after three years no one, of what condition soever, should be permitted to reside in Ireland, unless he abjured his faitii, renoiincod all dependence on Home and Roman doctrines ; tiuit all boys should be educated in the Protestant religion, and be compoiled to fre- quent the Lord's Suppfr, bo tliat through this jnrni^ practice, God would prosper the arms of the republic and render its throne invincible. 192 EOCLESIASXrCAL mSTORT OF IRELAND. No. 10. Tliat law processes should not be tried by juries of twelve men, but by the judges ; that all criminal causes should be subjected to and decided by committees of four, selected from a panel of twenty-four competent and honest individuals, who were to perform the usual cir- cuits in each province. (Ilibernia Dominicana.) No. 20. That the names of tlie Irish fiimilies in each county should bo annually registered— the head of each family made responsible ibr his servants and lodgere. No. 21. That cattle, oxen or other efiects taken away from the Eng- lish should be replaced by fines or the efiects of Irishmen living in the barony or district. No. 22. In case of murder or death inflicted on an Enghshman, and that the homicide escaped, all the Irish inhabitants of the county were held as accessories according to the judgement of the supreme tribunal or its commissaries. The articles of Cromwell were not permitted to remain inoperative. A persecution under the usurper arose, the most bitter and unrelenting on record. The Israelites under the bondage of Pharaoh were far more mercifully dealt with. Tliey were overpowered with work ; their fii-st- born males were alone consigned to the jaws of death. Not so in Ire- land—the youn;': as well as old, male as well as female, were indiscrimi- nately slaughtered and starved, while the Jewish slaves had abundance of bread and oil. So that Catholic Ireland could bewail her desolation in th« language of the prophet Jeremiah in his Lamentations, chap. 2, V, 21 : " Tiie cliild and the old man lie without on the ground : my virgins and my young men are fallen by the sword : thou hast slain in the day of thy wrath : thou hast killed them and shewn no pity." It was not suflicient to slaughter, torture, stone, and put to death all those who fell into their hands, but even those wlio escaped the sangui- nary regicides were to be expatriated as quickly as possible. Intent on tiie extirpation of the Irish, and on the ruin of every one who could offer a temporary resistance to the government of the usurper or to the foul heresies of England, the commissaries-general of Cromwell issued the following proclamation, A.D. 1652 : — " Whereas it is well known, through the experience of many years, tliat Jesuits and seminary priests, as well as persons initiated or ordained in Ireland, hold it as a duty to seduce the affections of the people from tlie obedience due to the authority and governir.ent of tho»English com- monwealth, and under the pretence of instruciiug the people in the Catholic religion, excite them to rebellion, with the view of introducing a foreign power and jurisdiction nvnr tlic Tsati'^!-., whicli conduct has been accessory to the barbarous and cruel homicides of ICU, and tho war that sprung therefrom. And since miny of those persons, having ECXJLESUSTICAL HISTOEV OP IBELAND, IBS obtained due autliority to remove to foreign parts, delay their departure, and under color of protection strive to draw over and seduce the people into their pernicious practices. Wlierefore, that said pei-sons may not have opportunities of any longer corruptirg the people and prosecuting their rebellious intentions, from which neither admonition nor clemency can reclaim them, though by their practices they expose their lives to danger, as well as their unhappy and languid nation to complete misery. The said commissaries order and enact that all Jesuits and seminary priests and othei-s, constituted through any authority or juris- diction derived from the Holy See, within twenty days from the publi- cation of this edict, within their respective districts in Ireland, depart the kingdom (wind and weather and opportunity permitting), or at longest twenty-eight days, &c., and that no Jesuits, seminary priests, or others aforesaid, come to or r.-main in any part of this nation after the term of said days, without special licence from the parliament or the Protector, and if they return, remain. Sec, then each and every one of them will be liable to the penalties and confiscations enacted against Jesuits and seminary priests in England, in the twenty-seventh year of Queen Elizabeth, by which it is commanded that they all depart and do not return. (A priest known to have returned, and when arrested, was by the fact guilty of high treason, sentenced to the gallows, to be taken down when half dead, beheaded, quartered, bowelled, and burned, his head affixed to a stake >ind exposed in a public place his goods and effects confiscated.) " And it is further enacted and commanded, that all pereons who, after the aforesaid days, will willingly receive, console and harbor any Jesuit, seminary priest, deacon, &c., having pretended authority from the See of Rome, knowing him to be such, said persons harboring them will be subject to the penalties in this c^se expressed and specified. "And further, it is declared that the aforesaid statute of Elizabeth will be put in force in this kingdom ; and all judges, commissaries and others entrusted with the administration of justice, are hereby autho- rized and commanded to.give the aforesaid act full and due execution; and all such persons, &c., having civil or military authority, will use due diligence in seeking such Jesuits, &c., so that if any found in this realm, contrary to this proclamation, they may be seized and impri- soned, until tried according to law. "And the chief officers of the parliament, within their respective districts, are hereby required to give due publicatioi to this edict, and signify to the said commissaries of parliament the time and place of the pu jl»ohing of this edict. Given at Dublin, the 6th of January, 1652. " Charles Fleetwood, Edumiid Lullow, Miler Corblet, John Jones commissaries," m ECCLESIASTICAL mSTOHT OF tBELAKU Tin's liorrid persecntion lasted two years ; none hut a horde of rob- bers conld have given it execution. In the year 1654, the inventive genius of the regicides gave birth to a new project, that of cutting ci those whose blood their swords did not taste, through hunger, fair;i'nfa. and the other corporal privations deen^ed more effectual than dea* itself. Tliis was the indiscriminate confiscation of the properties of rhe Catholics, and their banishment into the province of Oonnauf'ht, wh -h was so devastated and overrun wlti. roeeds and shrubs, that there w scarcely left a vestige of a human residence except a few huts, which belonged to the Cromwellians themselves, and ^r separated from each other. The Catholics were confined in this desert province, as in a prison, having neither f(\)d nor raiment, houses or tents to shelter them, many of whom perished of hunger ; others, driven by hunger, perished in the rivers, cliffs and promontories with which that province is over- spread. The Cromwellians, though intoxicated with Catholic blood, still thirsting for the utter extinction of this devoted body, enacted a law which assigned any one of those doomed to Connaught, if found beyond the limits of this province, to the penalties of higli treason, nay, rendering it lawful for any to slaughter or hang him at pleasure, without enquiry or process. A cruelty unheard of! a persecution, cruel beyond description, reduced the wretched Irish Catholic nobles lo the greatest misery. Thus cruelly, as if besieged, and wUiiout refuge, hunger directed them to the sea, the sea to the cliffs and rugged rocks, and those rocks as if repelled them back to the bloody swords of Crom- well's satellites. And in order that no sort of cruelty would be defec- tive in the sanguinary statutes of Cromwell, who wished to appear aa if desirous to exp' everything bordering on humanity, mercy or indulgence from his code, it was further enacted— that a meetingof four pereons constituted a ca^^ital offence ; carrying or possessing any kind of arms, a capital offtnce ; to censure or find fault with the government of the arch-rebel was declared high, treason. Tlie nobles and gentry being thus blocked up in the province of Connaught, permission was given to some merchants and to a few of the nobles, who did not possess estates, and to all plebeians or peiusants, to fix themselves in the other provinces, not, however, in the towns and cities or castles which their predecessors had constructed, but in the country parts, where they were kept in slavery worae than Egyptian, and with hellish penalties hanging over their devoted heads, if enfringed. rfo. 1 provided, that none of them, under pain of death, would dare to proceed beyond a mile from the parish in which he dwelt, with- out special licence in writing. (Iliberuia Dominican.) ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IKELAND. 705 iitiiir :N-o. 2 provided, that if robbers and marauder either forcibly or clandestinely seized the property of the Cromwellians, it should be exacted threefold i'rom the impoverished Catholics. The inrcrnal spirit of Cromwell's statutes is still perceptible in the tyranny of the Oiange landlords towards the tenantry, over whom they exercise almost the power of life and ueath. The rack-rent oppressi »nd mipoverishes. The fear of eviction continnally haunting the poor man, breaks down his energies of body and mmd ; at length, prostrate and without hope, he betakes himself to the emigrant ship, cui-sing the laws that oppressed him, and invoking the vengeance of Ueaven on the village tyrant who drove him into exile. The picture of Irish misery is not overdrawn, as appears from Pro- testant writers themselves. "The miseries," says Leland, " which the wretched Irish have endured, were affecting, even to their very enemies Thousands perished by famine, and the kldcom resources sought for allaying the rage of hunger were more terrible than even such a calamity." " The famine of Jerusalem," observes Cox, " did not exceed that among the Irish." « Whosoever," writes Ilolinslied, " siiould travel from one end to the other of i-ll Munster, even from Watorford to the head of Smerwicke, which is about six ore miles, he would not meet anie man, woman or child, saving in towns and cities, nor yet se* anie beast —but the very wolves, the foxes, and other like ravening beasts-many of these laie dead, being famished, and the residue gone elsewhere." Spenser attests the same desolate condition of the country. Spenser immediately -^ter the famine and plague of 1563, recommended Eliza- beth to execute the abominable plan of destroying the fruits of the ' earth throughout the country, in order, as he observed, " that the Irish might be driven to the necessity of devouring one another." " The end will, I assure you, be very short, for although there should none of them fall by the sword, nor be slain by the soldier, yet their being kept from manurnnce, and their cattle from running abroad, by this hard restraint they would quickly eomume themseUea and devour one anotlier. The proof whereof, I saw sufficiently in the late wars of Munster." Oh, England ! what crimes have you not committed under the pre- text of religion ? What have you not done in the name of that sacred Gosj)el which teaches charity? Statute (!.— William III., sess. 1, chap. 26. It was enacted, " that all popish archbishops, bishops, vicars-general, deans, Jesuits, monks, friars, and all other popish regular clergy, and all papists exercising any ecele^ Biastical jurisdiction, shall depart this kingdom bofore the first day ot May, 160S ; and if any of them shall be at any time after the said day within this kingdom, they shall be imprisoned, and remain there until they bo transported across the seas, out of the king's dominions, when- 796 ECCLESIAS'nCAI, illSTORY OF IRELAND. over the king, his h.cirs or successors or chief governors shall think fit • and if any so transported shall return again into this kingdom, then to be guilty of high treason, and suffer accordingly. "And all such popish archbishops, bi^■hop3, &c., in this kin< Jom shall, before the 1st day of May, repau- to the cities of Dublin, Cork Kiiisale, Yough.al, "Wexford. Gahvay, or Carrickfergua, and there remain, until thore sUal' be conveniency of shipping tliem for their trans])ortation, as aforesaid, every of thoin on their iirst coming into any of ^he said cities or towns giving in their names to the mayor or cliief magistrate, who shall register the same, and return an account thereof to the clerk of the council within ten days. And the said may ,r, &c., and also the collector and surveyor of the port, shall give their best assistance in transporting them. " And from and after the 2rch day of December, 1697, no ix.pish nrchbibiiop, &c., shall come into this kingdom A-om any parts beyond the seas, on pain of twelve months' imprisonment, and then to be trans- ported in manner aforesaid ; and if after any such cranspoitatioii, any of them return again into this kingdom, thoy shall be guilty of high trea- son, and suffer accordingly. " And |ny person that shall, from and after the said first day of May, knowingly conceal or entertain any such popish archbishops, bishops, &c., hereby required to dei)art out of this kingdom, or that after the said day shall come into this kingdom, shall, for the first offence, forfeit £L^0, fbr the second, double the sum, and if he olfend a third time, shall f'ti-*" .. all his lands and freehnld estate during his life and also all his goods and chattels, one moioty to the king, his heirs and successoi-s, and the other moiety to the inlbrmer (so as it exceed not £1,000), and the surplusage of what shall remain, to the king, his heirs and successors. Tie said forfeitures for such third c.ffenco, to bo recovered by bill, i)hiint, &c., m any of the king's courts uf /ecord at Dublin, or at any of the assizes in the respective comities. "And that ujKm information upon oath to any jiiwtico of ♦he peace in his resi)ectivo county against any that shall knowingly entertain any such impish archbisln.p, bishop, &c., the said justice ot the peace shall immediately issue a summons in writing, under his hand, iv.piiring the persons so informenmw ottt of Hwh ooKuty w/ure hi« or t/wir ahvih lu'ii, into any other part of tho kingdom ; and all and every Popish priest or priests who shall not make sucli return and enter into such recognizance with siitHcient suro- tiuaus aJorosiiiiJ, and being thoreof convicted at the uasizua or gcuorul Tm EGOLESIAanOAL HI8T0KT OF IRELAin). quarter sessions of such county or counties of cities or towns, wherein he or *hey shall dwoll or be apprehended, shall severally be conunitted to the common gaol of the respective counties, cities or towns where he or they shul' be convicted, there to remain without bail or mainprise till be or they be transported." " And that all and every Popish priest or priests so convicted as aforesaid, shall bo transported out of this kingdom in like manner iw Popish regulai-s, and incur like penalties upon their return into the same as are inflicted on Popish regulare by an act entitled, ' An act for ban- ishing all Papists exercising any ecclesiastical jurisdiction and all re.'u- lars of the Popish clergy out of this kingdom.' A J all and every The clei'ks of the peace are hereby required to transnut within twenty days after evPry such quarter sessions all and every such return to the clerk of the council in this kingdom, upon the penalty to forfeit to her majesty her heii-s and successors, the sum of ten pounds sterling for every' such neglect to do the sa.ne ; the saiJ penalty to be recovered by bill plamt or infurnmtion in any of her majesty's courts of record ; which transnutting of the said return shall be incumbent on them, th-, said clerks of the crown and peace, to prove by receipt in writing under the hand of the said clerk of the council, who is hei-eby require.l without iee or reward to give such receipt on the penalty of £JU slerling; wJiich said penalty is to be recovered by bill, plaint or information 'in a ly of her majesty's courts of record; which return, so transmitted, shall h, kept b.y the said clerk of the council to be viewed by any person requiring to see the wime, without fee or reward. '*And to the end that such Popish priests: lately have been or may be convicted of the erroi-s of the Romish church, may not sufler through want of maintenance or other mischievous effects of lesentment of bigoted I'api^tH, be it enacted, that every such I'opi.sf, prie>ts being approved of as converts and received into the church by the a-phbis,t(km (f the lawn against tho i\)\^\A\ clergy will, it is hoped, in the next age root out that i)estilent restless and idolatrous leligion I !" Itt this book it is stated tlijii iU Prolrsfatif rpmvpal «/;/<■« diseovorod parti-b of J i at tuo frijirie* of f^oulay, near i\.itumnu; of Killcou- I 800 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRKLAND. nell, near Aughrim ; and of Kannalfish, near Lou -hrea (no such convent 88 Kannallish) ; in convents near Athenry, Meelick, Clare-Galway and Dunmore ; and the last in tlie lionse of Thady Glynn, a Popish priest in Duninore, who kept a seminary there. A raong tiieso papei-s were copies of the acts of the chapters of friai-s minor, lield in Dublin from 1717 to 1729. From these acts it appears that this single order alone, in 1717, had 61 convents ; that in 1724, they had 62 ; in 1729, 65, The abstract of the returns, wliicli this book contained, is as follows : Dioceses, 26 ; mass-houses, 6tM, of which 229 had been built since the commencement of the reign of George I. ; priests officiating, 1445 ; friaries, 51 ; nun- neries,9; Popish chapels, 64 ; Popish schools, 549. Little did those episcopal informers imagine, that in less tlian one hnndred year? after this date of their parliamentary espionage, Protest- ant statesmen would strike off ten Protestant pretendei-s to the name of bishops ; yes, one eftiectual blow of the axe has been given to the root of the evil ; anotlier, vigorously applied, will, it is to be hoped, soon shiver that establishment which has been so long an incubus on the energies of the nation ; a libel on the name of religion ; the cause of deadly strife, Avhich its avarice fomented; which left the widow's only Bon prostrate in his blood ; which has arrayed man against his fellow-" man, party against i)arty ; which has produced anarcliy and confusion ; which caused and still continues to effect distrust in the Catholic body, on that a^cotint oppressed bi/ the government, because that establishment is consido'- by them the monster evil of Ireland, and which brings upon it ' im of the Catholic people, being as it is the source and fountain ry evil by which the welfare of the country is impeded aad retaruc ■■ iHtM^i^ rf-4^>.*^ «V HCOLBSIASnOAL HI8T0EY OF IBKLAKD 801 ■I CHAPTER LXIX. TVO UNDOUBTED APOSTATES OF TIIR IRISH CHURCTT, MILER McGRATH. ELIZABETH'S BISHOP OF CASHELL-HIS RETURN TO Ti-;, CiTHOLIO CHURCH-HUGU OURVVEN, BISHOP OP DUB.MN, SCHISMATICS AND DIS- GUISED HERETICS-BROWNE OF DUBLIN, PROCEEDINGS OF-DKFECTIOxV OF IRISH PRELATES-FEWNESS OF THE SECOND ORDER OF THE CLERGY WHO JOINED THE GOVERNMENT-REMOVAL OF INTRUDERS BY 'tHE PRIMATE GEORGE DOWDAL AND WILLIAM WALSH, AFTERWARDS BISHOP OP MEATH-CHARACTER OF THE NEW APOSTLES AND REFORM- ERS OF THE IRISH CHURCH BY PliOTESTANT WRITERS-CALUMN X" ON THE EARLY IRISH CHURCH REFUTED. With all the advantages which were open to the ecclesiastic or lay- man who einbi-aded the refonniiig tenets, the law ciuirch of Ireland litw signally failed as a religions esfal)lishinent, for the vast majority of the people have continued faithful to Rome, the centre of Catholic unity. With regard to the proselytes from the body of the Irish hierarchy and clergy, the numlfcr is small indeed when wh consider the efforts madtf to subvert the faith and e.\tir])ate its ministry or its priesthood. A few, however, have fallen into the snares of heresy. As children and inherit- or of the true faith, we should rather pray for the return of those sheep which occasionally stray from the fold rather than by scorn and reproach harden them in their perverse ways, always keeping in mind the admo- nition of St. Paul, » He that stands, let him take care lest ho fall." There will bo in the fold at all times mercemiries who woidd i'ather prefer their own selfish views than the glory of Jesus Ciirist and the triumph of his church. If, then, wo find the oakn or the cedars of the church bend, there is wanting the sap of lunnilify, which so much assanilates the life of the disciple with that of the true model and spousp of our immortal souls. Among the whole episcopal bo'^[eara, in wlium the whisperings of consciei;ce wco not altogether stitleil. She died soon after, wasted with grief The wretclied archbishop married n second one, to share with him the plunder of the Catholic chun^Ii. llnwever, lie siiewed no zeal in persecuting the followers of the ancient faith, nor in making proselytes to the religion of Queen Elizabeth. These latter Bees he resigned in 1G07, having first received, in the shape of an erpii valent, the bishoprics of Ivillala and Achonry, Loth of which ho retained nnt'l his tUatli. To these were annexed tlie vicarage of Kil- inacullaii in the dioce'^e of Elphin, with the rectory of Infra duoa J^oiUf«y iii the mtiiiu } ihu t'ectOi'lea of Castk-tiontiOr And Skiiiiu iii ihti EOCLK6IA8TICAL HISTORY OF IKELAJND. gOS Bee Of KillHla and the prebend of Doughcrne, with the rectory of KiL lorhin, m Achonry. We can then form un estimate of the temporal advantages wliich this unhappy man derived from his desertion ot" the ancient laith, and of those whicii tiie wicked Elizabeth would lavish on othei-s equally pliant in sacriHcing conscience and public duty. Miler Magrath became i.ilirm, and was bed ridden during the last two years of Ins life, lie died iu December, 1622, at the advanced age of one hundred years. A friar of the Franciscan order, Eugene O'Duffey, composd some pointed verses against Miler, hoping that they might cause him to reflect on the unhappy state of his soul, and return to that church in which alone he could -o Balutem ipsius totojam animo inhians, teneriori ilium amplexu hie exci- piam, daboque meis officiis operam, ut sanctissimus Dominus noster clementer cum illo agat ; plane mihi pei-suadens fore, ut sua sanctitas paterna, qua in omncs utitur, benignitate hunc resipiscentem aspiciat, illiusque errata condonet. " Deus raternitatem tuam custodial. " Bruxellis, 29 Januarii, 1G12. " Paternitatis tu^ Arnantissimus. " Dclecto nobis in Christo, admodum Roverendo patri fratri Mau- ritio Ultano min. obser. regiii lliberniaj proviuciali." " To our beloved Very Reverend Father in Christ : " I have read with great attention all tliose particular which you havy signified to mo, regarding the individual tiio Lord Milcr Magrath. I commend exceedingly that thought which he hiis manifested, of returning to the bosom of the church. It will be witii you to exhort liim Hcriously not to abandon the resolution which he has formed, but rather emjdoy all his strength aiid energy in bringing it to an issue, for whicli purpose he ought to depart from Ireland as quickly as jmssiblc. Exti-eniely solicitous as I am for his salvation, I shall, on my part, receive him here with most tender affection, and I shall, by every means, use my influence and l>est endeavors to efiect, that our jnost Holy Father nuiy act with clemency to.rards him ; being fully per- suaded his holiness will look on him, returning once more to the way of snlvation, with the same paternal regard and affection which ho is accustomed to shew unto all, and will pardon his erro'-s. " May God protect your paternity. "Brussels, 2ath Jamiary, 1012. " To our beloved the Very Kev. Father in Christ, Maurice Ultan, provincial of the friars miuor iu Ireland." EOCLKSIASTICAL HISTORY OF lEELAND. 805 It is, then, undeniable that the prelate Miler Magrath had formed the resolution of returning to the Catholic church, as this letter evinces his intention, several years before his bed of sickness reminded him of his approaching dissolution. The good work of reconciliation with the church, and of peace with his own mind, as he did not act on the advice of the nuncio to withdraw from Ireland, seems to have been deferred until the mercy of Heaven interposed, and reduced him to that state in which the hollowness of temporal advantages is calmly and dispassionately viewed, in which the mind of man, no longer fluctu- ating, gives realization to resolves perhaps frequently made and as often abandoned. Two years confined to hi« Ud, it is generally allowed that this was the period in which his return to the Catholic church had been effected. In the fii-st year of his illness he composed his own epitaph ; and fully convinced of the weakness of man when without the support of Gocl's grace, he quoted the words of the inspired writer, anxious to hold himself up as an example of that weakness as well as a warnin<^ to his fellow-countrymen: "It is the Lord who judges me; let him who stands take heed lest he fall.''-Cor. 1 : 4. Here, then, we have an humble and a frank avowal of the fall, melancholy, indeed, of an exalted ecclesiastic. However, the letter of the nuncio and the humi- lity of the avowal whicli the epitaph conveys, leave no doubt on an unbiassed mind that Miler Magrath retracted the errors into which his avarice led him, and that he died a contrite and obedient child of the Catliolic church. The epitaph has been inscribed on his monument in the cathedral of Cashel, and is as follows " Venerat in Dununi primo sanctissimus olim PatriciuK, nostri gloria magna soli Huie ego secundcns, utinani tam sanctug, ut ille, Sic Dimi prinio tempore prnosul oram, Anglia lustra decoin setl post tua scoptra oolobain, l'rini;ipil)us phicui, Marto tonante, tuig. llic ubi giini positus, non sum, sum non, ubi non sum Sum nee in aniliolius, sum sed in utrofiuo loco. 1021, Dominus est qui me judical (1 Cor. 1.) Qui Stat caveat, no cadat. Tiie following translation gives the meaning of those words : " Patriclr, the glory of our iglo and gown, First sat a liisiiop in tlie see of Down. 1 -.viKli that [, suooocding him in place Ah binhop, had an equal share of grace. I MTVed thee. Knirluml Rrio ,.„..»„ :.. : And pleased thy princes iu the midst of waw; 606 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. Hero whore I am plaoed, I am not, and tlius the case ia, I'm not in bi>th, yet am in both the places. 1621. He thnt jiidgeth mo is the Lord; ' i3t him who stands, take care lost ho fall." Hugh Curwin, or more properly Culweii, a native of Westinoreland- eliire, and archdeacon of Oxford, was raised to tlie archiepiscopal see of Duhlin, vacant by tiie expulsion of George Browne. Dissianilation, perfidy and base ingratitude are attributed to Curwin. lie liad been raised to the cluiir of Dublin by queen Mary, and whilo she occupied the throne he proi'esscd hinis^elf a sincere supporter of Catholicity. Had that queen allowed her feelings to have been swayed by the recollec- tion of jtast events, Curwin could have had no expectation of fiivtir or dignity at her hands, Jle had been one of tlie most strenuous advocates for the marriage between Henry VHI. and Ainia Buleyn, and even delivered a public discoui-se to that eti'ect before the king in tlie royal chapel at Greenwich, which soon after was triumphantly refuted by the learned and virtuous Peto. On her accession to the throne, Mary dis- played an almost unexanqded degree of high-nnndedness ; she forgave Curwin, and promoted him to the dignity of one of her own chaplains. Within the short space of live days after his consecration he liad been, through her favor, appointed lord eluu)cellor ot Ireland, and in less than two yeai-s was constituted lord justice, together with Sir llem-y Sidney. Dignities, both civil and ecclesiastical, having been lavished upon him, beset his mind with reflections at variance with his sacred vocation. When Mary, of illustrious memory, was no more, and when the dangiiter of Anna Boleyn, Elizabeth, ascended the throne, the propen- sities which Curwin had fondly cherislu'd began to nuinifest themselves in a new and more extensive sphere. His ambition and inordinate love of pleasure became the fatal source of his ruin. He forgot his higli estate, and at once yielded to the storm. To aggravate his guilt and enlarge his final account at the tribunal of an all-seeing God, the unfor- tunate Curwin held ordinations after liis defection from the faith. Tlio bishops Loftus of Armagh, Craig of Kildare, John Dovereux of Ferns, and Cave-iagh of Leighlin, received consecration at his hands. Besides other favors which luxd been heaped upon him under tlio auspices of Klizabefh, ho was constituted by connnission, keeper of the great seal of Ireland, and in 1503, became a second tiiuo lord chaiicelk)r. Ireland was a theatre of too limited a range to gratify the inordinate amhition of Curwin. Anxious to figure in some of the wealthy and influential sees of England, he at length found moans of having himself translated to the more lieretical soil of the English diocese of Oxford, where, how- ever, liis career was short, having died about a year from his translation at Suiubroch, near Burford, iu ihw month of November, 1508. ECCLESIASTICAL IIISTOKY OF lEELANP. 8or Tlie see of Dublin having been vacant about A.D. 1535, the first object of Thomas Cromwell, who had been a menial in the kitchen of cardinal Wolsoy, and who was constituted by the royal schismatic, Henry VIII., vicar-general in sjiirituals and temporals, was to select a fitting instrument wherewith to establish the English schism as well as the tenets of Lutheranism, with which the heart of the vicar-general was imbued. Get)rge I'rowne, an Aiignstinian, and then provincial of that order in England, was the person, in (Jrom well's opinion, best adapted to work the cause of buth heresy and schism to advantage. Browne had been, ere this, a raidc Lutheran, and under the mask of a grave and religious demeanor concealed a heart and a mind capable of any enterprise how- ever desperate. The infamous Cranmcr consecrated Urowne in Lond, _i, and accompanied by certain commissioners, who were to be his auxilia- ries in preaching the royal supremacy to the people of Ireland, Browne immediately set sail for the green isle. Before their dei)arljre from the English capital, tlicy received instniclions from the vicar of the lay pontifi', wliich were deemed as important in working innovation. The nobility were to be overawed by threats ; to the ecclesiastical body cheering prospects and splendid promises were to be held out; nor was bril)ery to be omitted, if occasion would require; v ' ilc the royal displeasure was a drug that would operate advantageou>ly on the nu)ro violent. Thus tauglit, Browne with his heroes embarked for Dublin, confident tliat their task was an easy one, and that the clergy, nobility, gentry and people of Ireland would at once submit to their measures. On their arrival in the metropolis of Ireland, they discovered that the execution of their design would be a work of formidable difficulty. Some of the prelates and many of the nobility having been summoned to the castle, the new archbishop undertook to open his commission, and gravely urged them to subscribe to the strange usurpation of the spiritual supremacy of Henry. All heard the proposition with astonishment, while the jjrimate, (ieoi-ge Cromer, instantly rose from 'is seat, and openly protested against the measure as an innovation On the same day he issued circulars tf> all his siiil'ragaus, to the clergy of the pro- vincer5, summoning them before him. The daring attempt of raising a schism in Irelatui, aiul the profane conduct of the archbishop of Dublin, were explained by the iirimate ; he called on them to sui>port the reli- gion of their fathers. In the meantime messengers were dispatched to Koine, in order to acquaint the father of the faithfu) with the nature of the schismatical project, which, for the first time, threatened the church of Ireland. The excitement among all ranks, native as well as Anglo-Xorman, became alarming; the descendants of the native ancie/.L Irish viewed .^•V^, -'^^ v^, •>^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1

. 809 from the unity of the Catholic church. Dominick Tirrej, rector of the cluirch of Shandon, in the county of Cork, was advanced to that see by Henry VIII. and held possession of its temporalities until his death though the pontiff Paul III. promoted thereto Lewis Macnanmra! William Miagh had been in like manner placed over the see of Kildare and became a member of the privy council. Alexander Devereux' ubbot of Dunbrody, having surrendered that magnilicent establishment' and Laving subscribed to the lay-pontiHcate of Uenry, was immediately placed over the see of Ferns. Before those acts of servility and sin, Devereux had taken care to provide in an ample manner for the com! forts of his own friends. Having appropriated a considerable portion of the abbey possessions, he bestowed on Stephen Devereux the estate of BattlestowM, with all the lands extending from the moor of Clonard to Bishop' lands and to the mearings of Ballymnthy. He conh'nued in the see until I0O6, the year in which he died at Fetliard, a village in the county of Wexford, where he was interred in the chancel of the parish church. That schism would at length be clad in the armor of heresy was indeed expected, ^e prelates and clergy saw that at no distan't day the surrender of their faith would be demanded. They were, however prepared to endure any sacrifice, however painful, rather than renounce the creed of their fathei-s and predecessors. Among the firmes. in resisting innovaiion was George Dowdal, primate of Armagh, while the Lutheran Browne, of Dublin, espoused the cause of^tlic new teachei-8, and who, on the following Easter SuiMJay, A.D. 1551 caused the new liturgy to be read for the first time iii the cathedral of Christ Church in his own presence, that of the deputy and a few of the magistrates. Kot fin.ling the prelates so submissive as they expected, writs were fc.rmaliy directed by Sir Anthony St. Leger, the dei)utv, to all the arch- bishops and bishops of the kingdom, summoning them to appear iu Dublin. The meeting took plac ,. the council-chamber, but i.o sooner had the deputy concluded the reading of the proclamation than the pninate, George Dowdall, arose and openly protested against the whole Bcheme as a daring innovation. The i.rinuito forthwith retired from the room, the entire body who were present departing with him, except the Lutheran R.owne, Staples, bishop of Meath, and John Fiale, an itinerant Carmelite, who was soon after intruded on the see of Ossory as the price of his aiiostasy. Staples was a native of Lincolnshire, and held for some time a eituation in the hospital of St. Bartholomew, in London. While ilen-y was establishing schism in England, thereby facilitating the inroads of heresy, Uio orthodo.xy of Staples became the subject of just suspicion 810 BCCLE8IA8TI0AL HISTORY OF lEKLAin). ■while he ia said to have forfeited ahnost every mark of respect from hia flock ihrongh his immoral conduct. John Bale was born in the county of Suffolk, and was blessed with a conscience p-f^pared to essay in any mart. Taking ad^'antage of the general confusion which novelties in religion introduced, Bale fled from his convent at Norwicli, sec up on his own account as preacher of sedi- tion, at first in York and afterwards in the more extensive market of London, where, however, the prison became his only recompense. John Bale should have been content to remain in confinement, had he not abandoned his faith, and through this new claim on the protection of the vicar Cromwell obtained his liberty. Not meeting with that encouragement which he thought was due to his talents, he resolved on hazarding an essay in Germany, which, how- ever, being already too well supplied with laborei-s of his description, ho took leave of the reformers there, and sailed for Ireland. Now constituted by Browne, the bishop of Ossory, John Bale tried lus religious sickle in the city of St. Canice. The infamous conduct of this intruder, during the few months that he spent in Kilkenny, was such that the Catliolics of that city could not tolerate. While in the act of reviling the Catholic religion and jesting their faith, the wretcli was assailed by the populace, five of his domestics were slain, and the apostate liimself nar- rowly escaped a similar fate. Bale enjoyed the dignity into which ho was intruded by another apostate but six months, wlien Mary ascended the throne. Foaring that vengeance would at last reach him, he sud denly disappeared, and took refuge in Switzerland. Ossory was never more insulted by his presence. During the reign of Elizabeth he returned to England, where he consumed his days in comparative obscu- rity, and died about the year 1563. When, at the meeting convened in the council chamber, the pii- luato, George Dowdall, had, with the prelates, quitted that assembly, Browne, having taken the proclamation in his haiuls, stood up and addressed the few remaining in the room : "Tliis order, good brethren, is from our gracious king, and from the rest of our brethren in England, unto whom I submit, as did Christ to Cresar, in all things just and lawful, making no question why or wlierefore, as we own him true and lawful king." The excellence of Browne's reasoning must bo duly appreciated by the admirers of the private spirit, and by those wlio prefer the fleshpols of Egy[)t to the more im]>ortant concern of eternity. Taken as samples of reformei's, Browne, Stajjles, and tlioir kindred spirit, John Bale, were not tlu> peiwuia dt stined to overthrow the ancient faith of Ireland, which extolled its naino over Europe. Soon after, n public disputation took place, at the special desire of the viceroy, in St. KCCLS3IABTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. 811 Mary's abbey, before the clergy and a vast number of the people, which Lad nearly contributed to give a fatal wonnd to the cause of tho informers in Ireland. On this occasion the Catholic faith was powers fully defended by tho primate. Staples, of Meath, appeared as the advocjite of innovation. Tho Catholics in triumph claimed the honor of victory. After this signal defeat an atfampt on the primate's life waa feared. He was soon aj'ter obliged to withdraw to the Continent. Bribes, threats, and promises were held out in abundance ; stations of trust and honor were presented to tlie laity ; wealth, promotion, and pleasure were set before the eyes of the clergy ; yet, to the honor of the priesthood, and their attaclnnent to the centre of Catholic unity, those snares were spurned and treated with contompt. Out of the whole episcopal body, as it stood in tiie reign of Edward VI., not one could be induced to abandon tlie ancient religion, except Stai)[es, bishop of Kil- dare, whom orthodoxy was questioned before his promotion to that see, Magcnis of Down, and Burke of Clonfert, both of whom, under the influence of vile manee, had long before subscribed to the schismaticul usurpation of spiritual autliority by the king. Besides Bale, of whom T'otice has been already taken, a few priests were weak and depraved enough to adopt his conduct as a model, and who, after their dereliction of the faitli which St. Patrick planted in uur island, were recompensed with mitres, wealth, and pleasure, in exchange. Small, indeed, has been their number, as the authentic annals of that era mention 'only Robert Travels, Thomas Lancaster, and William Casey. The iii-st of these was consecrated bishop of Leighlin in the year 1550, and became the first Protestant bishop of that ancient see. Sir James Ware repre- sents him as a cruel and covetous man, and an oppressor of the clergy, and refers to the authority of Tliadeus Bowling, chancellor of Leiglilin! Lancaster was consecrated, in the same year, by George Browne, and placed in the see of Kildare. The revenues of his diocese not sufficiently amj)lo to meet his outlay, the deanery of Kilkenny was annexed to it as a supplement. William Casey was also consecrated by Browne, in tho yea"- 1551 and was immediately after promoted to the see of Limerick. When intruders were -cmoved under Mary, William Casev, of Limerick, judged it prudent to retreat from tho conflict. lie repaired to some part of the Continent, along with his wife, or ratlier his concubine. On tho accession of Mary the clergy were again placed over their flocks, wliilo the friends of order and morality began to congratulate each other on the anticipated fall of novelty, and on the restoration of ccclesiiu-^tical discipline and ancient truth. Tho return of George Dow- dali, tho j)rimato, to tlie see of Armagh, in 155.'J, realized those expec- tatioufl. No sooner replaced iu hia see, than this excollout prolate coin- I i I I 812 B0CLE8IASTICAL HISTORY OF ISELAM). ■ menced the real and sincere work of religious reform ; and to do it with energy and effect, he convened a national synod in St. Peter's church, at Drogheda, almost all the C=itholic bishops of the kingdom attending. "In it," says Sir James Ware, "several decrees were made for reviving the rites that had been formerly practiced in the church and some decrees were also passed against ecclesiastical debauchees." In the following April, 1554, the primate, together with William Walsh, doctor of divinity, and afterwards bishop of Meath, received a royal commission, investing tiiem with authority to proceed a^-ainst immoral ecclesiastics, and to depose those prelates whoso recreancy had done such mischief to the fold of the great Sheplierd of our souls. Accordingly, Browne, of Dublin, was removed from tiiat see, which he obtained in the disguise of a Lutheran heretic. Staples, ot Meath, wn^ cashiered, having too long enjoyed the fruits of his trea- sons against religion, and immediately after, Lancaster, of Kildare, and Travers, of Leighlin, were deposed. Casey, of Limerick, and John Bale, souglit safety in an early retreat. Such 1 ave been the sanctimonious characters who came to Ireland in the sixteenth century, intent on the overthrow of the ancient faith. Tliey have been faithfully delineat'^d by Spenser: "Whatever dis- orders," says this writer, "you see in the established church tlirough England, you may find here, and many more, namely, gross simony, greedy covetausnesa, fleshly incmtmence, careless sloth, and generally all disordered life in the common clergyman." " So deformed and over- thrown a church," observes Sidney, another Protestant writer, " there is not, I am sure, in any region, whore the name of Christ is professed." And, says Leland, " There were few churches to resort to, few teachere to exhort, fewer still who could be understood, and almost all, at least for the greaier rt of this reign, of scandalous insufficiency." (See Appendix the inn.) These are the individuals branded by their own writers, and the apologists of Englislj reform in religion and of Britisli misrule in Ire- land, with the heinous vices which Spenser enumerutes, who had the unblushing impiety to pull down the altars which the sainted fathers of the Irish church erected and revered, to trample on the noss of Christ, to profane the image of his virgin mother, and expose the sacred vessels of the sanctuary f r sale in the public market. Unable to subvert the ancient faith of Ireland, unable to overcome the resolve of the Irish people in maintaining the integrity of that faith through its union with the see of Rome, unable to extinguish it by the Bword, the torch and the gibbet, the f'lith of the Lisli Catholic is to be assailed by calumny and misrepresentation, and then Protestaut ECCLESIASTICAL HI8TOET OF IBKLAITO. 818 writers, Usher among them, would feign make ns admit, that the ancient belief of Ireland ha undergone a change, and that it was pei^ fcQtly similar to those tenets which Protestantj of the present day pro- fess. In the human mind there is a constant inclination to impugn truths incontestibly established, and in many instances self-evident. Can it be believed that Usher, who was a man celebrated aa well for accuracy as for antiquarian research, could have had the temerity to advance such a paradox ? That St. Patrick, or any of Iiis immediate successors of the Irish church, had not recognized such doctrines as the supremacy of the Roman pontiff, the sacrifice of the mass, purgatory, the invocation of saints, and other tenets, now and at all times so stead- fastly believed by Catholics. Hence, according to Usher's theory, it follows, that the Christian religion must have been corrupted in Ireland at some period antecedent to the sixteenth century. But we are not to wonder at the folly of man. In modern times a Berkeley denied the existence of matter and the testimony of his own senses"; in ancient times Pyn-hus maintained the doctrine of general doubt, questioning everything, even his own existence. Ledwich Las called in question the existence of St. Patrick, which Usher admits ; but Ledwich, who was an tllitei'ate bigoi, instead of deserving notice, is only worthy of the lowliest contempt. On the contrary. Usher, who had been deeply versed in the antiquities of Ireland, through the bigotry which has sullied his character and which aggravates his malice, has acquired an additional shade of perversity in that determined recklessness with which his onslaught on the ancient faitii of Ireland is accompanied. The intole- rance of Usher, during the reign of James I., is well known to every one acquainted with the history of that period— of the man " who would not have the sword borne in vain," and who would in all things short "of the effusion of blood," have the penal statutes enforced. When, however, Catholicity could not be extirpated by the ruthless use of that Bword, the miserable expedient of calumny is recurred to, peihaps from a desire to wound the feelings of the peo[)lo by maligning the ancient faith of Ireland. Hence, wretched parsons now-a-days wander over the country with no argument save that which a shilling or a bag of rice may raise in the mind of a starving peasant, and with the calumny of Usher improved by this itinerant fanatic, who ventures to assert that St. Patrick was a J 'rotestant. Good heavens I what a stock of patience the Irish Catholic requires when thus taunted I What useful auxiliaries the apostles SS. Peter and Paul would have acquired in such heroes as some of our Irish parsons, when they were entering Rome to preach tho Go3pel to its inhabitants and its senators? Bags of rice and Pro- testant coins would be admirable missionaries in that rich capital. The apostle of Ireland a Protestant, and the doctrines of the undent Irish 814 BCCtEBlASTICAL HISTOEr OF mELAJTO. church similar to the heretical tenets of the Protestant church ! That St. Patrick derived his jurisdiction from the bisliop of Rome i& uot denied by Uslier. In the fourtli life of St. Patrick, contained in Col- gan's " Trias Thaumaturga," it is read : " Wiierefore, St. Germanns sent the blessed Patrick to Rome, that with the permission of the bishop of the apostolic see, he might go forth to preach, for order so required. But St. Patrick, having arrived at Rome, was most honorably received by the holy Pope Celestine, and the relics of saints having been deliv- ered to him, he was sent into Ireland by Pope Celestine." Again, in his life of St. Germanus, Eric writes : " Germain directed Patrick to the holy Celestine, Pope of the city of Rome, by means of Segetius, a priest, who was to give testimony of ecclesiastical probity for this most excellent man before tlie Holy See ; and having been in its judgment approved of, being supported by its authority and strengthened by its benediction, he repaired to the regions of Ireland." Nennius also states: "He (Patrick) is sent by Celestine, Pope of Rome, to convert the Scots (Irish) to tl-e faith of Christ." It is then evident that the source whence St. Patrick derived hia ecclesiastical jurisdiction was the apostolic see, over wliich the holy pontiff, Celestine, then presided. Hence, then, it is clear and evident, tliat the discipline and tenets of Catholic faith taught and professed by the pontiff of Rome were and must have been identically the same as those which St. Patrick had been sent to announce to the Irisii nation ; a trust which the apostle of Ireland lost no time in executing, and which he performed with such extraordinary success, Heaven itself nlling on and approving incontestibly the truth of liis doctrines. Can any unbiassed pei-son, and whose mind is free of bigotry, venture to affirm that the great and saintly apostle of Ireland, having been spe- cially authorized and sent by the holy Pope Celestine to preach and instruct the Irish in certain dogmas professed by the father of the faithful himself, had, on his landing in the country, suddenly and recklessly renounced all his professioiw, and entered on the teaching of a creed- altogether different from that which he had received from the See of Rome, the apostolical fountain of all jurisdiction ? Such an act would argue nothing short of insanity ; such a dei)arture from an original commission as St. Patrick's is not on the page of history • Buch an instance has never occurred. Even the base Browne, of Dub- lin, did not belie the commission which he received from Cromwell a mere layman, to preach Lutheran doctWnes. Either Pope Celestine believed in the tenets of the Catholic ■ ith as they are taught at this day, or he did not ; he --ither believed in the sacri- fice of the mass, in sacramental confession, in purgatory, in the invoca- tion of saints, or he rejected those doctrines. If such wore the doctrines ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0KY OF IRELAND. g^J Of Pope Celestine, it follows that St. Patrick must Lave in like manner beheved them and have taught these doctrines to our Irish ancestors We have, then, an idea of what the religion of Ireland had been in the tfth century. Should, then, any one assert that the holy pontift' Celes- tme knew nothing of those doctrines, practised none of them, taught none ol , hem, the man who could atteu^pt to make so absurd an asser- tion becomes at once an object of public scorn ; having all the nionu- ments ot antiquity oi)posed to his audacious position, he might as well reject the authority of all historical evidence. Such an assertion has, however never been advanced, and we may again conclude that the tenets of the Catholic faith, as a this day held in Ireland, were the identical uoctrines taught to our forefathers by the great and illustrious apostle ot the nation, when he came, in the year 432, and converted them to the Christian faith. ^ Never was there a people in any portion of the Christian world who evmced a more profound and reverential attachment to the ancient doc- trmes handed down by their apostle than the ancient Irish. Of this assertion tlie paschal controversy is a sufficient proof. It was not a controversy involving anything dogmatical, having been a mere matter of dmciplme. Still, before a point of the sort could be settled, before a departure from the ancient usage of the Irish church could take place and before the Alexandrine cycle could be introduced, synods were held' deputations were sent to Rome, lettei-s despatched from the Pope elect and the Roman clergy to the primate of Ireland, Thomian, and to other prelates and ecclesiastics, demonstrate the e.xtraordinary tenacity of this Irish nation to their ancient traditions. Yet in maintaining all this uproar, they used as an argument that they had received their paschal eye! ■ from St. Patrick; that any othe.- computation differing with it was a mere novelty, which could not be admitted as a substitute If then, instead of a point of disopline, a question of dogma aro-o ; if an attempt were made to corrupt the faith of the countrv ; if a dogmatizer (such as Browne of Dublin) had set up a new ten'et, the opposition given on the paschal question supplies a response. If they had made such a reclamation in a matter of discipline, what would they not have done it faith had been imperilled ? Usher, who has been accurate when the subject which lie treated did not clash with his temporal interests, endeavoi-s to mai.itain that the creed of the ancient Irish was totally distinct from that of their Catholic successors of the present day. In order to establish this singular proposi- tion, the Protestant archbishoi) made a favorite selection from the several articles of Catholic faith, taking also notice of Irish Catholic discipline It credence be given to Usher, the ancient Irish were unacquainted with the fiupremacv of the bi.liop of Rome, egmUi/ with hhmelf, whose III 816 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. jurisdiction was parliamentary or by letters-patent, or of the sacrifice ot the mass, or of the real presence in the eucharist, or of prayera for the dead, or of the invocation of saints, of images, or relics; moreover the use of chrism was never practised among thein ; everyone ',vas allowed to read the Scriptures, and the clergy (argues tiie intolerant bishop) were allowed to marry. Really with the doctors of his class marriage seems to be and to have been the perfection of their evangelical system • to them marriage seems as necessary fen appendagp as the Bible itself. How does Usher endeavor to sustain his position? lie attempts to maintain it by giving garbled extracts from the mystical works of some ancient Irish writers, placing on them a construction suitable tD his view, despite common sense and truth, while he industriously passes over in silence those clear and conclusive authorities which would at once lead the reader to the knowledge of what the ancient faith as well as the practice of the Irish church really had been. " I shaU quote," says Usher, " ' ancient writers ' in order that wo may judge who have departed from the religion of our ancestors." Let us, then, examine those quotations by which he endeavors to main- tain a proposition so singular. In treating on the subject of the mjpremacy of the Pope, Usher refers to two authorities, whom he assumes as Irish, namely to Sedulius and Claudius. The first was an Irish ecclesiastic of the ninth century. With regard to Cla'-uuis, there is not sufficient authority for supposing that he was a nnLive of Ireland. On the contrary, the text that would justify the assumption is not admitted by antiquarians. Mabillon omits the word (Scoti), and another author maintains the Claudius referred to was of Turin, who according to all authorities had been a Spaniard. Sedulirs, in his commentary on this passage of Isaiah, " Behold I lay a Btone in Sion for a foundation," observes, "It is certain that by the stone Christ is signified." Claudius thus expounds the passage : " ' On this rock I will build my church.' that is, upon Christ our Saviour, who granted unto Peter, his faithful lover and confessor, the participation of Lis own name, that from Petra (the rock) he should be called Peter." From these passages Usher concludes that both Sedulius and Clau- dius had taught the foundation-stone laid in Sion and the rock on which the church is built is Christ. But is there a Catholic who denios it? Tliat Christ is the rock, the great corner-stone on which the £• ' ''tual edifice rests, is a truth which the Catholic church inculcates ; but does li follow that Christ, the invisible head or the invisible corner-stone of the Christian puperstructure, has not or could not have appointed a visible substitute, a visible head, to govern his church on earth, and without which the whole fabric of religion would crumble into chaos and con- fusion, as Protestantism has become, under the bliiid guidance of the ECCIJ:8U8TICAL mSTOBY OF niKLAND. 817 floveroign or the minister, an indiscriminate mass of spiritual ruin ; one day rejecting as non-essential, another viay adopfing as essential or' fun- damenta!, articles which the church of God, founded on the visible rock Las always taught. Witiiout the attractive unity of a centre or the authority of a head to decide tJid pronounce delinitively. Protestantism has dwmdled into as many different sects, as numerous almost as there are mhabitants in the country, and us widely asunder as the poles, for two of them cannot agree in their interpretation of the Scripture, the only guide they , dmit. Tlie necessity of this visible headship and tlie actual constitution of this authority were truths of which Claudius had been convinced, and hence it .s he observes, " That Christ our Saviour granted (not unto John, or Thon.as or James) but unto Peter, his fiiithful lover and con- fessor, the participation of his own name;" or as it is elsewhere expressed, "the participation of his own power," in the following words : " And I will give unto you the keys of the kingdom of heaven whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven." Had Claudius said that Christ never granted unto Peter a participation in his name or of his authority, then indeed there miglit have been room for .m objection Claudius, however, asserts the contrary. The belief of Sedulius and Claudius, it is clear, relative to t)ie supremacy of St. Peter and his successors, has been identical with the doctrine har " ^ days of the apostles, and which in all ages and i> with such reverence and fidelity by the Catholic ch To 8uj)port his view, Usher takes a solitary r;:G written by St. Secundinns, in honor of St. Patiick, wx vers to prove that the ancient Irish church was not ac^ the supremacy of St. Peter. In a part of the hymn are^hese s^onC "He (Patrick) is constant in the fear of God and immoveable in the faith, upon wliom the church is builf as upon Peter, whose apostloship also he hath obtained from God, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against him." In this quotation there are three subjects of panegyrism ; the first, the nature of the apostlesl.ip which St. Patrick received ; the second, the stability of the apostleship; the third, the consequences of that stabilily. But whence tlie sowce of this apostleship communicated to St. Patrick? Was not St. Patrick, as we 1 ive already seen, in com- munion with the St. of Eorae, where St. Peter fixed his apostolic chair, and in which ho received the plenitude of apostolic jurisdiction from St. Celestine, the successor of St. Peter? St. Patrick built up, clad with apostolic authority, the particular church of Ireland, and' as that church has been inseparably attached to the chair of Peter, it is entitled 63 ^ om the elioved •mn ;oa- ith SIS EC0LK8U8TICAL HWTOBY OF lEBXAHD. I to shfire in tlie glorious privilege of fighting under the apostolic banner and conibating and overtln-owing its common enemy. Iinmoveablo in liis faith, St. Patrick never separated from the rock of the church, with which he continued in constant communion, and hence the holy author of the hy."in, in his pi ^uliar poetic langua<'e, pronounces his eulogy. If St, Patrick had obtained elsewhere than at Rome the essentials of ordination and jurisdiction — let us suppose from some Arian bishop cut off from the church by the Nicene fatliers— could the Irish antiquarian Usher pronounce the apostledliip of St. l*atrick derived from St. Peter in that case ? Assuredly not. What, then, becomes of the jurisdiction of archbishop Usher himself? He has gotten none from Home or the apostolic chair ; his authority is parli'unentarian, with no rigiit save that which plunder and robbery confers, and which places its votariet, either episcopal or laic, as branches cut off from the parent-stock without the sap oi' apostolic growth, witho' ♦^^ the waters of grace, without authority. While Usher adopts the expedient of keeping before the mind of the reader extracts alone, which seem as if i'avorable to his cause, and which, he feigns, warrant separation from the church of God, and in which he culpably strives to confirm the adiierents of Protestantism in the abyss of error f>.nd heresy, he studiously secludes the avowed and unequivocal testimonies of some of the most illustrious saints of the Irish church. lie passes over in silence its i)ublic acts, which boar on the very question of the pontifical supremacy of the Eoman see, and treats with indifference the most interesting canons of our ancient church. St. Colurabanus, who flourished in the sixth century, and whose learning and sanctity confer glory and honor on the Irish church, and whose zeal contributed to light the fire of faith in distant countries, may be admitted as a witness in the controversy wiiich the arrogance of an intolerant bigot and persecutor has called into existence. In his fourth epistle to Pope Poniface, Columbanus, a father of the Irish church, thus addresses the sovereign pontiff: "To the most lovely of all Europe, to the head of all the churches, to the beloved father, to the exalted pre- late, to the pastor of pastors," &c. Proceeding with his letter, he says, " For we Irish are disciples of St. Peter and St. Paul, and of all tlie divinely inspired canonical w-iters, adiieritig constantly to the evangelical and apostolical doctrine. Among us neitiier Jew, heretic or schismatic can bo found, but the Catholic frhh unaltered, unshaken, precisely aa wo have received it J cm you, w^o are the successors of the apostleo. For, as I have already said, we are attached to the chair of Peter, and although liome is great and renowned, yet with us it is gi'eat and ilhis- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF lEKLAin). «19 trw-^ mly on account of that apostolic chair. Through the two apostles ot Christ j-ou are almost celestial, and horm h tlie head y attempt to illustrate it. With Ushor and the modern abettors of his doctrines, l^.ome is not a celestial citv • she 18 the srarlet lady; her pontitf is an Antichrist, and the Konma Catholics are idolatoi-s, that Ushar and others may enjoy the, plunder of the church. But to proceed to .he further illustration of the subject- wht^n, m the seventh century, the paschal question had reached its limits ot excitement, and when the fatiiers of the Irish church could not be prevailed upon to come to a fixed resolution, what had been the plan of action, to whic. the leading prelates and ecclesiastics instantly acceded? An appeal to the holy see-a proceeding founded not only on the doctrine of the supremacy which they had received, but also on an exprei?s canon ratified and handed down by St. Patrick himself— a canon enacted when there was no Usher, no schismatic or heretic pre- tender to seize the fleece, utterly careless of the flock. This canon, con- cise as it is decisive on the subject, is contained in the following words : ' • '■ Si^ quae quffistiones in hac insula oriantur, ad sedem apostolicam reforan- tur." " If any questions arise in this island, let them be referred to tho apostolic ^90." Or as more fully expressed in a caaon copied by Usher himself from an ancient book of the church of Armagh and passed in the synod of Patrick, Auxilius, Secundinus and Benignus, substantially to the following eftect: "If any diflicult caust arise, which cannot be easily decided by the Irish prelates and the see of Armagh, we have decreed that it shall be referred to the apostolic see, that is, to the chair of the apostb St. Peter, which hath the authority of the city of Eome." The doctrine of the spiritual authority of the apostolic see comprehended in this canon was steadfastly practised by the pastors of the Irish church at all subsequent periods as it was confirmed by the apostle himself, and as it is still observed in the Catholic church of Ireland at the pre- sent moment, nay, even acknowledged by the Protectant government of England itself, which occasionally attempts through its agents to sway the councils of the pontifl'. If the supremacy of the Koman see had not been an universally received doctrine, why had the apostle of Ireland recurred to Rome before he assumed the onerous duty of its conversion I St. Patrick could, if this step had not been deemed necessary, l-.ave re- ceived his ordination and the jurisdiction for his missionary labors from St. Germaine of Auxerre, or from St. Martin of Toura. They were pre- lates of acknowledged eminence ; their sees had obtained a high ranJ: in the Christian church ; yet they were tho very bishops who rcfcrrei' St. Patrick to Poj e Celestine, in order that from him, as the source of apos- tolic authority, our ai)ogtle might receive licit power to enter on his 820 ECCLESIASTICAL niSTOET OF lEELAND. glorious conquest, on tliat sublime enterpriae, wliicli heaven especially assigned to St. PtUrick. Tl'" doctrine has been handed down, preserved as the most sacred inlieritance — an inheritance which the robbers of the sixteenth and seven- teenth centuries could not iilch from the Catholics of Ireland. thou"h " they tried the sword in vain," and which will, if that sword were again tried in order to rendor permanent the plunder of the church, with the blessing of heaven continue to be handed down, until the seven- hilled city of Rome be dissolved by the precui-sor flames of judgment, and without which the national cliurch of Ii'eland would become as asta^'- nant pool unrefreshed by the waters of the pure and apostolic fountain. On the subject of the sacrifice of the mass, as well as on the 7-cal presence of tlie body and blood of Jesus Christ in the cuiiharistic sacra- ment and sacrifice, the bigoted bishop and usurper of another's title appeal's to have been completely bewildered. Coerced by the unvarying as well as unequivocal testimony of our writers, our liturgies, our canons. Usher was obliged to admit that tho ancient Irish had been in the constant practice of offering up the e.icha- ristic sacrifice, and that masses, termed requiem ma^sie, used to bo cele- brated daily. So interwoven is the doctrine of the eucliaristic sacrifice with the records of the nation, that the antiquarian himself should reject the antiq\iities of Ireland if he had ventured on the denial of this practice. In his life of St. Brigid, and in his beautiful description of the church of Kildare, Cogitosus says: "There were two doors leading into the church ; that by one door, ihc bisliop, together witli hi.s clergy, entered, for the purpose of immolating the sacred Lord's sacrifice, and that ' / the other, the abbess and her nuns entered, that they might enjoy the banquet of the body and blood of Jesus Christ^ In tiio at'ts of St. Columbkill, written by Adauman, it is stated, that when St. (.ronan had been on u visit at the monastery of Ily, he was directed by St. Columba to ofler the sacrifice, or, as the saintly author himself expresses it, " y« make, according to custom, the body of the Lord." In tho ancient life of St. Kieran, of Saigir, we read, that on every Christmas night, that saint was accustomed to repair to the nunnery of St. Coc- chea, " that there ho tnighf offer up the body of Christ.'''' In fine, when ever any of tho ancient Irish writers treat on this august and subliuio subject, the terms they invariably cnq)loy are " the sacrifice of salva- tion — tho sacrificial mystery — the mysteries of the sacriiice." Adnnt- ting the practice of tho ancient Irisli churcii. Usher strives to cscapo from the difiicidty, as well as attempts to d >ceivo his readers, by j)ro« teiidiiig that it had been only a Bacrifico of tlianksgiving, oH'crcd as Buch for those souls who were in pi)<;i>ssion of eternal lin]>piuess, and that it had not' been oelieved or practiced in tho a* cient Irish churcii iw I ECCLraUSTICAL niSTOKT OF IRELAOTJ. 821 & propitiatory sacrifice. To establisli tliis sweeping conclusion, garbled quotations are made available from Adamnan's life of St. Columba. In one of these the writer says: "That ColumbkiU caused all things to be prepared for the eucluiristic sacrifice when he had seen the soul of St. Brendan received by the angels." On another occasion, when the death of Columbanus, bishop of Ldnster, had occurred, Columba is repre- sent 3d as having acted under similar religious feelings, for, said the saint, "I must tliis day celebrate the holy mysteries of the eucharist, for the reverence of tluit soul, whicii tliis night, being carried beyond the Btarry firmament, between the choii-s of angels, ascended into paradise." From those passages the archbisliop labors to make his readers believe that with the ancient Irish the oblation of the eucharistic sacrifice was always one of tlianksgiving, and that it never liad been one of propi- tiation. Every Catliolic holds that the sacrifice of the mass is a 8acr^ fice botli of thanksgiving and of propitiation. In the cases in which St. Cohunba offered the holy mysteries, they were intended as acts of thanksgiving to the Almigiity, " wlio is wonderful in his saints," the propitiatory value of the sacrifice benefiting the celebrant, the I'iving, and the dead. IIow, tiien, draw such a comprehensive inference ? Does it then follow that the Irish church did not believe in its efficacy as an oblation propitiatory for the living and the dead? Unhappily for the cause of the archbishop, the canons of the ancient Irish church decide against him, witli unsparing vengeance. The acts of a national cluircli give us the surest and most indisputable data by which the faith as well as the discipline of that church can be ascertained. The ancient canons of the Irish church as clearly point out as the firmajnent demonstrates the glory of (}.k1, the doctrine of nnr church regarding the eucharistio pacrifice, as one of thanksgiving and also one of propitiatioji. In an ancient canon contained in D'Achery's collection, (lib. 2, cap. 20,) the synod says: "The church offci-s for the souls of the deceased "in four ways— for the very good, the oblations are simj^Iy thanksgivings ; for the very ba' laid before tho reader wor.ld l>o amply Buflicient to assure him that tlio real j)resence of Christ in tho cuchiu-isl I t V 824 ECCLESU8TICAL inSTOBY OF IRELAND. had been a dogma always believed and taught from the very birth of our national church. Could the belief of St. Columba have been otherwise, when ho desired his visitor, St. Cronan, " to make, according to custom, the body of Christ " ? What could the words of Cogitosus mean, when he assures us that St. Brigid and her nuns entered by one door, " that they mi'dit partake of the banquet of tlie body and blood of Jesus Christ." At least on this subject of controversy the reader may expect from tJsher some historical evidence through which he may assail the ancient doctrine of the Irish church. However, finding that the eucharia ia distinctly called the body of the Lord, the body and blood of Christ, the sacrament of the most sacred body and blood of the Lord— expressions which perfectly express the doctrine which the Catholics of the present day hold, nuiintain and believe; finding tlicse passages scattered over the writings of the ancients of our national church ; unable to resist the plain and obvious language they use, Usher is compelled to wander from the subject and place himself under the protection of an extract, which he selected from the writings of the commentator Sedulius, of whom notice has been already made. Li his commentaiy on St. Paul's first epistle to the Corinthians, chap. xi. ver. 2i, and on the words, " In remembrance of me," Sedulius observes, "that Christ has left a memory of himself unto us, just as if one that was going on a distant jorrney should leave some token with him whom he loved; that as often as ho beheld it, he miglit call to his remembrance his benefits and friend- ship." It would be hard to discover in this passage aught wherewith to impugn the ancient doctrine of the Irish church on the eucharist. To the bigoted nn-nd of a Protestant archbishop, whoso hatred to the Catholic church was unmitigated, it belonged to discover a meaning which excludes the real presence of Clirist in tlie sacrament. Sedulius was speaking the language of Catiiolics, when telling us that Christ has lofTt a memory of jiimself. Every CJatliolic acknowledges that this mys- terious iMicrament is commemorative of t!ie sufTerings of Christ, although Christ himself bo verily and substantially contained therein, yet in a manner not subjected to our senses. His real ])resence under the sacra- mental species by no means prevents it from being n memorial, nay, it nnikes tlio menmrial more imjiressivo and the more endearing. In the language of our countryman Sedulius there is no expression which indicates a denial of the real presence. On the contrary, tiio very samo expressions have lieen uttered ami re-echoed by numy of the must emi- nent (itichirs and Catholic writers of every ago. St. Thomas of A.|uiii, in a lesson whicii ho hJ M-ritten for tlio feast of "Corpus Christi,' says, "That iu the sacrament is kept up tho ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOBT OF lEELAND. 623 memory of tliat most excellent charity wliicli Christ manifested in hia passion, and that in the Last Supper, when having celebrated the pasch with his disciples, he was about to pass from this world to his Father, he instituted this sacrament as a perjMml memorial of his passion, and thus has left a singular consolation to the persons grieved for his absence." St. Thomas was a believer in the real presence, and yet there is no difterence between his language and that selected from the commentaries of Sedulius. Usher seems to have had a peculiar predilec- tion for the commentator Sedulius ; to have set a peculiar value on hia testimony ; to have had a peculiar veneration for his name ; while at the same time he ;'/-ts most unfairly and dishonorably wilh the writin<'3 and character of this illustrious author. In a passage immediately pre- ceding the one already noticed, and in which Usher seemed to find something favorable to his strange proposition while commenting on the words of Christ, as recorded by St. Paul, "Take and eat, tint is my body," Seduliusj has these words: "As if St. Paul had said, ' Bewara not to eat tliat body unworthily, whereas it is the body of Christ.' " Lest this passage should militate against his extravagant proposition, Usher has, altogether omitted it, and again, while it contains an explicit avowal that the eiicliarist is the body of Clirist, it serves to illustrate the com- mentator's meaning of the sentence wl;ich immediately follows. What then, becomes of the candor of Usher and of that cause which he espouses ? The whole chain of circumstances connected wiih the history of tha Irish church, the testiinoiiy of ancient records cleuily demonstrate the weakness as well as the lolly of the cause which Usher has gratuitously undertaken to establish. It catmot bo forgotten, that the apostle of Ireland had converted Ethnea and Felhlimia, the daughters of Leogaire, the momirch. In the tripartite life of St. Patrick, written by St. Evin, a renmrkable account of this I'uspicious event is given. " Put when they luid been more and more desirous to behold their spouse, the holy nuin (St. Patrick) says to them, ' Cloth<>d in mortal flesh, ye cannot see the Son of God; but to behold him in the brightness of .lis majesty, it is necessary to lay aside the corniptiblo covering of fleiih, and lii-st to receive his body and blood hjimj eonccaUd a/Lr an invisible manner uiuhr the form and tijxvies of bread and wine.^ On hearing these words the virgins, inflamed with more ardent love, instantly begged to receive the communion of tli'j sacrament of the body and blood of Christ^ Could a Catholic of the present day more clearly or more expres- Bively write or speak of the real ])resence? In the fourth life of St. Urigid it is related that St. Neiinidh, " the cleanhanded," on hearing that the blessed Prigid was sick, went to «eo her, and at the hour of her departmo she received t/ie body and blood of our Lord Jemm Christ, t!i* II I liiJ 826 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOBY OF rBELiND. Smi of the living God, from tLe most pure hand of the saint, as she herself had foretold. In like manner it is read that '• St. Fechin having been strengthened by the sacrament of the most holy body and blood of the Lord, resio'ned his soul to his Creator." St. Columbanus, after having enjoined in liis Penitential the necessity of confession before mass, has these words : " For the altar is the tribunal of Christ, and his body, whi'^h is there with his blood, marks out those who approach in an unworthy stale." Cau language be plainer than this? How could the body and blood be there upon the altar, if they were absent ? if there was nothing but the figure ? Yet with these histo' ical facts before him, pointing out clearly and unmistakeably the doctrine of the ancient Irish church, a man employed in illustrating its antiquities strives to mislead his readers on the most important dognm of Catholic faith, in order to give a tempo- rary circulation to sentiments utterly at variance with those antiquities which he explored. As even the sacred Scriptures have been corrupted by those who preceded Usher in the work of calumny and of plunder, we are not to be surprised that an attempt has been made to misrepre- sent the ancient belief of the Irish church, which her ancient records so btrongly attest. Even the circumstances connected with the history of her mission- aries plead against the assumption of the intolerant Usher. In the early ages of tlie Irish church her missionaries or her apostles were scattered over the surface of Europe. Columbanus was at Bobbio, in Italy ; Gallus, at Constance; Rumold, in Mechlin; Virgilius, in Saltzburg; Donatus, in Tuscany ; and her monks were located in Continental monasteries, all of whom were in constant connection with the head of the church, and were held in the highest esteem both by the apostolic see and by all ihe prelates of all the national churches throughout the western world. Could this esteem, this veneration be paid to them; could Ireland be denominated " the island of saints," had her missioi»- aries and her people denied the real presence of Christ in the sacrament, rejected the sacrifice of the mass, or renounced the suprenuicy of the holy see— doctrines whicl at that time had been professed all over the Christian church ? The rejection of these doctrines would have placed Ireland beyond the pale of the Christian world, and yot when she did not believe them, according to Usher, solitaries, pilgrims, rocluses, students, princes, d'c, were Hocking to her hospitable shures to acquire learning and virtue and perfection in the halls of her colleges and monasteries. If her doctrines were such as Usher would feign, ]>. jw iiavo they escaped the censures of coiileiuporary writers ? Or if her doctrines have been materially altered, how have the er.; of the change and the name of the innovator escaped the researches of the learned antiquarian t ECCLESIASTICAL HI8T0RT OF IBELAND. 82T If such -were the case, tlie archbishop would not have been driven to the rniscrablo expedient of quoting isolated passages on which to raise his superstructure of calumny and misrepresentation. No such record can be found ; no such ainialist can be discovered ; no change attempted in the constitution of the Irish church until Henry VIIL, in admiration of Arna Boleyn's " fresher beauties," and in his brutal lust, overwlielmed England with schism and crime, and led her into heresy, whereby the land lias been inundated with turpitude of every sort, including calumny and misrepresentation, which are necessary to conceal and keep from public view the enormities and the heinous abuses and oppressions prac- tised in the sacred name of religion. Purgatory is another subject against which the researches of Usher have been directed. Tliough the clear and convincing testimony of ancient canons and the countless instances of prayers for the dead, which are to be found in almost all the ecclesiastical records of the country, Uslier hazards his vagaries, and asserts that the practice of praying for departed souls had been an affair altogether unknown to the ancient Irish Catholics. In a tract said to have been written by St. Patrick, entitled, " De tribus llabitaculis," we read " That there are three habitations under the power of the Almigjity : the first, the lowest, and the middle ; the highest of which is called the kingdom of God, or heaven ; the lowest is termed hell ; and the middle is named the present world, or the circuit of tiie earth. The extremes of these habitaticms are altogether contrary to each other, but the middle hath some resemblance to the oxtremes. For in this world there is a mixture of good and bad, whereas in the kingdom of God there are none bad, but all good, but in hell there are none good, but all bad ; and both these places are supplied out of the middle. For of the men of tliis world, some are exalted to heaven, others are thrust down into hell. For like are joined unto like, that is to say, good to good, and bad to bad ; just men to angels, traiisgressors to disobedient angels. Tlio blessed are called to tlie kingdom prepared for them from the beginning of tlie world, and the wicked are driven into eternal fire, which is prepared for the devil and liis angels." Tiiis quotation is the groundwork of Usher's attack on the belief of the Irish church, relative to a middle state, or a place of pin-gation after death. In the first place it is to be observed that a great diversity of opinion exists with regard to the authorship of the tract from vvliich ho quotes. Some ascribe it to St. Patrick, others to St. Augustine, and many to St. Bernard. In the second place, admitting it to bo the work of St. Patrick, Usher is supplied with a mere negative argument ; nor d(ies it follow f'om the silence of the author that he did not believe in tlie existence of purgatory. In the third place, an account of this state 828 EXX3LE8IA8TICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND. of temporary punishment was foreign to the object which the autlior contemplated in this work, which was to give a general description of the three principal states of man, that of trial, and those of misery and happiness. The damned souls in hell can have no happiness, for they cannot hope— for they can never expect to enjoy the beatific vision. Not so with the suffering souls in purgatory, for they have hope, and where hope is there is happiness. In the prison of purgatory, souls suf- fering for venial faults, as the justice of Heaven demands the last fertiiing, are certain of at length beholding their God, and of becoraia-. partakei-8 of his glory. They are then to be numbered among the happy, and hence it is that the author was not called upon to°enter professedly into any particular description of the state of those souls whose end is happiness. And finally, this quotation does not sustain the view of Usher, a3 it does not say that these souls are exalted to heaven immediacy after their death. The writer treats of two classes of men or of souls— the just and the unjust. Had he stated that all go to hai.piness immediately and without delay, there might have been an argument on which Usher could lay hold, even if it were admitted the authorship belonged to St. Patrick, but no such thing is asserted. An inference, then, founded on this quotation but ^elbj prmjes that tlie Catholic doctrine of purgatory had been unknown to the ancient church of Ireland, To this quotation Usher adds a canon ascribed to an ancient Irish synod, which is as follows: "That the soul being separated from the body, is presented before the tribunal of Christ, who rendereth its owa unto it, according to its actions ; ind that neither the archangel can lead it unto life until the Lord judge it, nor can the devil carrylt unto pain unless the Lord do danm it." Really, it \i difficult to discover how it is that this canon militates against the doctrine of purgatory, in the ancient church of Ireland. The archangel cannot lead the soul' unto life uutil it is first judged ; who denies it? and even then the canon does not state, that when judged, the soul is forthwith introduced into heaven. Besides, a transitory state of purgation is life, for the soul detained therein is just in the sight of God, and consequently has life, aiid will become, according to the divine mercy, a partaker of the kingdom of heaven. In conclusion. Usher makes some unmeaning references to St. Patrick's purgatory in I^ugh-Dearg, not, however, worth notice, ns if Lough-Dearg and its penitential station had anything to do with the belief of the ancient Irish church. The canons and liturgies which have been already placed before the fcadcr, when treating of the sacrillce of the mass, are of themselves Bufflcient to repel his fruitless attack. In addition to tliese, the follow- ing canon Is Ibuud in D'Achery's collection of the canons of the ancient ECCLESIASTICAL mSTORY OF IRELAND. 829 Irisli chiifch (lib. 11, cap. 9.) : "fiynoJns ait Nunc eccles-a multia modis offert Domino. Priino, pro seipsa. Secundo, pro coinmemora- tione Jesu Cliristi, qui dixit, ' Hoc facite in meam commemorationem.' Tertio, pro aninmbua defunctoriim." "Tlie cliurch nowotfers the sacri- fice to God in many ways ; fii-st, for itself; secondly, for the commemo- ration of Jesus Christ, wlio said, ' Do this in commemoration of me ;' and thirdly, /«/• the souls of the dqjarted:^ Here, then, is an express canon declaring the belief of the Irish church, on which the vision of Udiier could not dwell. Can sncli a man have been sincere in concealing the truth of historical research from the Protestants of Ireland ? In the life of St. Pulcherins, it is stated that he was accustomed to pray for the repose of the soul of Ronan, a chieftain of Ely, and that he had fre- quently recommended the soul of the same chieftain to the prayei-s of the. fjiithful. In a life of St. Brendan, which Usher himself quotes, it is read that " the prayer of the living doth .profit much the dead." In the ancient life of St. Ita, it is recorded that " she had constantly prayed for the soul of her uncle, and that 'alms were given by his sons ' for the same pui-pose." Yet Usher has closed his eyes to the refutation of his extravagance, which these historical facts contain. And yet despite the authority which they stamp on the doctrines of the church of Ireland, Usher maliciously strives to impress his readei-s with the idea chat the fictions of his own mind have been the tenets of that church. Images, prayers to the saints, are also deemed worthy of the notice of this Protestant archbishop. lie gives an extract from his fiivorite commentator, Sedulius, to the following effect: "That it is impious to adore any other besides the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost ; and that all the soul owetli unto God, if it bestoweth it upon any besides God, it committeth adultery." To this he subjoins a passage iVom Claudius : " That God doth not dwell in things made with hands, nor in metal or in stone.'' Who affirms that he does? Wliijt luis this in con- nexion with the respect which the ancient as well as the modern Irish Catholics paid and do pay unto the cross, and to the images of Chiist and his saints ? Surely no Catholic adores the cross, nor does ho believe that any divinity resides in the metal, stone, or any otlier material of which the imago may be constructed. As has been already observed, Claudius was not an Irishman: on the contrary, he was the iconoclast bishop of Turin (and as such, the model of Usher), against wliom Dungal, a learned Irisliman, had written Jiis celebrated work, " Responsa contra perversas Claudii Turonensis Epis- copi sententias." "Responses to the perveree opinions of Claudius, bishop of Turin ;" a work that could not have been unknown to Usher, m an antiquarian, and which alone would have been sufficient to con- 830 ECCLESIASTICAL JtlSTOBY OF IRELAND. I vmce Lini that the practice of paying a relative veneration to the cross, to relics and images, and of invoking the intercession of saints, had been universally observed in the ancient church of Ireland! Against the heretic Claudius, Dungal has published the work already mentioned, and in that work entere on the doctrine of the invocation of saints, observing: "If the apostles and martyrs, while in this world, could pray for othere, how much more so can tliey do it after their crowns, victories, and triumphs?" We meet with the practice of this devotion in the recorded acts of all the Irish saints. The metrical life of St. Brigid, written by St. Brogan in the seventh century, concludes with these words: "There are in heaven two holy virgins who may become my protectors, Mary and Brigid, on whose patronage let each of us depend." In like manner St. Livinus, an Irishman and a martyr, in the epitaph which he had composed to perpetuate the memory of St! Bavo, at Ghent, thus itnplores the prayers of tliat saint : " Tliis church which ^thou hast founded, mayest thou, O holy Bavo, protect by thy merits." There have been in the ancient liturgy of the church of Ire- land (the cureus scotorum), masses appointed for the festivals of the blessed Virgin, for those of the apostles and other saints ; while the collects of all these masses contained the prayers of both priest and people, imploring the intercession of these saints, through the infinite merits of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Cin-ist. It is, then,-a fact undeni- ably true, that these Catholic doctrines had been believed and practiced in the ancient church of Ireland, exactly as they had been from the introduction of the Gospel in all the other national churches of the Cliristian world. Tlie chrism is another subject to which the criticism of [Jsher has been directed, and in his view of this matter he recui-s to a letter which Lanfranc addressed to Gothric, in the eleventh century, that prelate complaining, that among the Irish, chrism had not been used in the administration of baptism. Chrism is not an essential of the mcred rite of baptism, otherwise, what should be done when necessary baptism is conferred by laics, who can have no access to the oil of chrism ? It wfis nothing more than a mere ceremony, and theretbre its use or its omission was neither opposed to Catholic faith or contrary to the apostolical institutions ; this. Usher perfectly well undei-stood. In various churches d liferent ceremonies have been usee" when the sacrament of baptism was conferred, which, with time, fell into desuetude ; in fine, ceremonies have nothing to do with faith ; and hence, tlie church of Ireland not deeming the use of chrism necessary, did not enjoin its observance. As the attention of the archbisliop Lanfranc was directed tn p,uo\\ a triflinc f)mis8ion in tlie rite of baptism, our antiquarian Protestant bishop of Armagh ought to have informed us why it is that the Irish ecclesiastics KCCLK8IASTICAL HISTORY OP IRELAND. 831 were not acensed of maintaining the supremacy of the Pope, the real piesence, tlie eacriiice of the mass, &c. Why pass over these eLentials ? If tlie dogmas professed and believed in Ireland were different from those of the Gallican church, whence this TSTorman bishop camo, why has he not censured them ? Why has he passed over these great dog- mas in profound silence? Because, since tlie first ray of Christianity beamed on the Irish people, their belief was the same, continued the same, and her people triumphantly continue, despite the sword of the persecutor, to practice and declare their faith handed down from the era of her glory to the momont that the iron rule of England has tried their souls in the fellest oi-deal to which a nation has ever been sub- jected. The letter of Lunfranc is therefore detrimental to the cause of the learned antiquarian. According to Usher, the use of the Scriptures had been general among the ancient Irish people ; they were then biblicals, according to Usher's own heart ; and in order to establish his thesis, the advocate for the reading of the Scriptures without note, or comment, or autlwrity, to instruct, or correct, or restrain the vagaries of the mind in its interpre- tation, if false or incorrect, quotes an extract from Sedulius, which is given in the following words : " Search the law, in which the will of the Lord is contained." And Bede is also brought to the rescue, when treating of the successors of St. Coluinba. " They observed," says the Venerable Bede, "all those works of piety and chastity which they could learn in the prophetical, evangelical, and apostolical writings ; and all who went in company with Aidan, whether they were shorn^or laymen, were obliged to exercise themselves either in the reading of the Scriptures or in the learning of the Psalms." Tlianks to the researches of Usher. What an important discovery ! But where is the inference in favor of his views ? Assuredly the Catholic church does not pro- hibit tlie reading of the Scriptures, provided the sacred records be perused with proper dispositions, not with the view of extracting there- from opinions which the private spirit of every one who is "blessed with a littl^ learning assures him to be the right mode of interpreta- tion.^ It appears, then, that the associates of St. Aidan, the bishop of Lindisfarne, were in the habit of exercising themselves in the reading cf the Scriptures. Surely, in Aidan they had a safe guide and an admU rable expositor, who did not wish to lead men's minds captive with the vagaries of private interpretation. Sedulius, indeed, observes, " Search the law," but he does not give licence to every one to adopt a meaning of his own, or interpret the law, setting thereby at naught the authority of the church, wl.ich is the pillar .and the ground of ti uth. Though the fathei-8 of the Irish church labored in procuring copies of the sacred text, which they transcribed, there was still only one church subject 6S2 EaXESIASTICAT, HISTORY OF IHELAinj, to the one head, the visible representative of Christ and the sncccssor of Peter, while Usher and his readers of the Bible can boast of their extraordinary success in establishing various religious structures, all aomirably nnited in hatred to the Catholic church, but all of them elegantly disagreeing among themselves, and each of them sturdily maintaining the orthodoxy of his own private spirit, by quoting extracts from the sacred writings. The ancient fathere of the Irish church were too artless to permit dabbling of this sort ; they had no plunder to retain from the rightful owners ; they had no temporal interests to sub- serve, as those strange and modern pastors of Protestantism; they allowed no man to preach the Gospel until Jie had been qualified by a necessary course of training, of education, and by the reception of holy orders ; they allowed no lady, however exalted, to assume tJio supre- macy over the Irish church, much less ladi/ j)reac/iers and ladi/ con- fessor's; they had no madmen, with their followers, nor the dupes of a Southcot, nor the more modern interpreters of the Scriptures the Mormons. Is it not a melancholy reflection, that the splendid talents of snch a man as Usher have been idly M..sted in endeavoring to ni)hold a con- troversy so extravagant and groundless, and one in which ho could not succeed? What a pity, that rare endowments, such as nature lavished npon him, were not otherwise employed than in striving to fasten on the ancient church of Ireland the fictions and the fancies of his own mind as the religions tenets of that church, and corresponding, as ha meant to shew, with the muititudinous erroi-s of the Protestant system. Such a procedure would be inexplicable liad we not known the posi- tion of Usher, not as an antiquarian, but as a Protestant archbishop, imbued Avith the current fanaticism of the day. IIo was a bigot and a persecutor, an implacable one, also, of his Catholic countrymen. To the abominable spirit of religions bigotry and intolerance he became a vic- tim, and laboring under its influence, ho has composed a book which, if otherwise worthless, has left to posterity an awful exemplification of the baneful eflf ■ .;; wuic.h they produce on society. Though the (vAw^iey of the Cath^Mc clergy be a matter only of dis- cipline, being !,«i iv an eccleslrtstical law, and having no immediate connexion whatever with the principles of the Catholic faith, yet it has been subject to the prying research of the great Prot( Rtant censor. According to his view, the salutary discipline of celibacy 1 ! no exist- ence in the ancient church of Ireland, and hence he maintains thp*- the Catholic clergy of that church were allowed to marry, or haAo wive< and children, as the Protestant clergy of his days, in the fullness of ike mw eimrtaelical liherty, thaught fit to do. As the ancient discipline of celibacy gives the clergy of the Catiiolic church a uecided superiority ECCLESIASTICAL inSTOnT OF IREI.AKD. 833 over their pretended rivals, lience it is, that Protestants in general strive to depreciate its observance and its utility. In support of hip favorite scheme, Usher retiars to the sixth canon of the synod, called of Patrick, Auxilius and Isserninns, which runs thus : " If any clerk, from the door-keeper uj) to the priest, shall be seen without being habited in his tunic, and if his head be not shorn accordin/j to the Roman m ainer, and if his wife will walk out without her head veiled, he shall be con- temned by the laity, and separated from the church." In the fii-st place, it is manifest that this canon cannot be reckoned among the number of those ascribed to St. Patrick, because it enjoins the observance of the lioman tonsure, which had not been in .oduced into Ireland until about the middle of the seventh century ; this canon must have been framed at tliat or a subsequent period. Besides, from this canon it cannot be inferred with any degree of certainty that priests had been permitted to engage in the married state. The canon says, " If any clerk from the ostiarius (the door-keeper.) xip to the jpriat (usque ad sacerdotcm) shall be seen," A'c. Is it, then, certain that the priest was included within the prohibition which this canon enacts ? It can signify the clerks or ecclesiastics verging towards the otHce of the priesthood, but not the priest. Nay, even admitting that this canon embraced the order of priest, it would certainly be at variance with many of the most ancient constitutions of the Irish church. In tlie penitential of Cumniian we find a canon which condemns not only the marriage of a monk, but also of a clerk. " If," says the canon, " a clerk or a monk, after he has devoted himself to God, shall return to his secular habit, or mai /"y a wife^ he shall do penance for ten years ; three of which he shall spend on bread and water, and shall ever after abstain from the use of matrimony." According to Oolumbanus, in his Penitential: "Ecclesiastics who were married before they had taken orders, and whose wives were still living, were bound to abstain from them under pain of being considered as adulterers." The twentieth canon of this penitential is contained in these words : " If any clerk or deacon, or ecclesiastic of any degree, who was a layman in tlie world, with sons and daughters, shall, after his conversion (to religion), know his wife, and beget a child, he must know that he has committed p.aultery, Avherefor ho must do penance for seven years on bread and water." In like manner the twelfth canon of the Penitential attached to the " Cui-sus Scotorum " ordains: " If any clerk ofcsuperior degree toko had a loife^ and after his digriity {prdinatimv) shall again know her, he must be considered as having commii,ted adultery ; if a olerk, he must do penance on bread and water for fonr years ; if a dea-' con, for six ; if a priest, for seven ; and if a bishop, for twelve years. From these canons it is evident that the ecclesiastical law of celibacy 53 834 ECCLESUeTICAL mSTOKV OF IRELAND. hud been observed in the ancient clini-ch of Ireland, and con?eyiiently tlio exphination given to the one on which Usiier rests liis staft", must be admitted as tlio most consistent; it was drawn up in the seventli or eighth century. Had the marriage of priests been then tolerated, it can be presumed that the same indulgence liad been extended to the aitinctive badge, peculiar to it alone. Lutherans and Calvinists alike, £trangei-s to tho graces of the sacraments, consider chastity m a thing impossible, and on that account suspect ami accuse its professors in tho Catholic church, with its outward observance only. They have risen in judgment against it, as \injust witnesses, belying ihemselvos in their own ini divine Majesty u new canticle, whim no other Inus known. St. Epiphnnins, in his oxjxwition of Catholic faith and discipline, says : " Virginitatem solitaria vita proximo scipiitur quam in plerisquo sexns utriusque Monachis videtmiH"— "a solitary life approj)riatc!y follows that virginity which wo behold in tlio monks of b.)th Hoxos." To those he adds the continent, widows, eluisto spo.uses. In the Gospel and in I ho writings of the fathers of the church, we have many encomiums on the virtue of chastity, which every sincere Catholic ninst revere, m-IiIIq the Protectants nf Kj.gbtnd, now famous for bastards as M-ell as IJiblcs, deride and depreciate this salutary disciidinp, to which the Jew and the Gentile paid the homage of his veneration and respect. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY W lEELANT). 837 And Tertullian, in eulogizing the virtue of chastity, says : « It 19 the flower of morals, the honor of our bodies, the glory of the sexos tiie integrity of our blood, the safeguard of our race, the foundation of sanctity, the prejudgment of every good and virtuous miud." Ill ■ p h ti t\ tc m hi th W( sc hu on Rtl St bii vol rcc poi pill Ofli APPENDIX. I. Sees founded in the fifth cntury, and which have merged into the larger pn« in the course of ages, are as follow : The see of Sletty, Queen's county.-St. Fiech its fender and first bishop already not.eed in the history of the archdiocese of Dublin ^' See of Beg-Erin, .r little Irela„d.-St. Ibar, bishop, abbot and founder of Beg-Enn, on the coast of Wexford. '"unaer or people of that prov.nce. His family was an illustrious one. whose opulence and honors were accessible lo I.,ar , but his resolution of preferring those ve ly teasures winch ne.ther n.o.h nor rust consun.es, remaining unshtken he became ho constant companion of St. Patrick in ail his subscc.uc' t labors t'l ■ u 7 tomtones of Leinster and Munster, and ranked justly i„ the nun.bcr o nost favor,te d sciples. The apostle of Ireland entertained such an opi. n^f h s zeal an „ h.s Wrtues, tinU he invested Ibar with authority t preac through Ireland. Ills mission was attended with abundant fruit, as n mber were converted to the faith through his instrumentality settled af.r*7- """'/'r ""''"" "'"' "'"-'' "'■ ''"^^'^'^ -^■•-t^'i '-. i-^- settled at Jbg-Eru. an.l there founded his great monasbxy and school, in which human knowledge and the science of heavenly wisdon. were taught and incnl- cated. ir,s establ,shment was open to all ; the stranger r.s well as the native student gratuitously received his educ.lion, and in a short period the fame of at. JDars retreat became more and more cclei.rated The precise period of his pron.oti.n, to the dignity of bishop is not known, »".t ,n all probability it must have taken j.lace about the year 4(50 His festi val us marked on the 23d of April, and the annuls of Ulster and Innisfailea record his death ,n the year 500. The fact of this saint's death. A I, fiOO points out the futility of the opinions of tho..e who nutintain that an EpiscJ paey was estal.lished previously to the arrival of St. Patrick, and that St. Ibar OBiLiatna as a bishop iiefore tluit time. West rnshell, in Sligo.—Seo Elphin. See of Duleek, county of Meath.-St. Kicnan or Cenan was the founder of 840 ArPENDIX. this see about the year il2. The monastery was erected two years befoio. and in pursuance of the example which other bishops had set, it was raised to the dignity of a see. St. Kienan was a native of Meath and descended of a noble family, and was baptized when an infant by St. Patrick. The saint wrote a life of the apostle, which -.vas greatly esteemed. Kienan's death took place on the 24th of Novem- ber, A.D. 489. The school which was attached to the monastery, such had been the reputation of its founder, attained the rank of a rival establishment with that of Armagh. See of Oran, in Roscommon. — St. Patrick is said to have erected a church here, called Killgaramh (the ancient name of it being Iluarangaramh). St. Cethcgus, whom some call bishop of Oran, was a disciiric of St. Patrick. He was born in Tirelill, his mother having been a native of lis district. His father was a native of Meath and of the district of Doranach-sarige, near Duleck. St. Cethcgus is well known in the Irish calendars, and is called St. Patrick's bishop, or his suffragan. He is said to have been emjjloycd as bi.shop in various places far distant from each other ; for instance, sometimes at Domuach-Sarigo and other times in Tirerill. Cethcgus was buried at Kilgaramh. There is no certainty that he was the bishop of this see. His death probably took place before the year 497. See of Slane, county of Meath.— Venerable through its antiquity and the character of its bishop, St. Ere, who was tiie particular friend of St. Bridget. She accompanied St. Ere to Munster, whither he had gone on a visit to his friends, as he was of that province, and on business connected with the general interest of the Irish church. They attended the synod held in the plain of Mngh-Femyn, and in which Ere spoke highly in honor of St. Bridget and of iho miraculous powers with which (iod had gifted her. Ere was the son of Dego, who disregarded the injunction of the monarch Leogaire, by which any of his attendants were forbidden to show any mark of respect or civility to the apostle of Ireland, and who, on receiving St. Pal nek's benediction, became a believer in the truths of the Gospel. As St. Ere died in his ninetieth year ond in the year of grace 514, it is not improbalile that he was consecrated before the decease of St. Patrick, or about 4G5. See oi Ardmorc, county of Waterford.— St. Declan was bishop and founder of this see. Declan was descended of Ercus, prince of the Desii, and by his exalted virtues obtained universal respect and veneration. Declan flourished in the fifth cent'.-ry, and became eminently distinguished during a considerable portion of the si.xth. The precise period in whicii he founded the see of Ard- niore is not exactly known ; but it mnst have been some years after the death of St. Patrick. This saint is mentioned as one of tiie four prelates who were officiating in Ireland prior to the arrival of St. Pn trick : (he year o' his deatii A.D. 527, which took place shortly after that of St. Ailbe, of Emiy, is quite sufficient to refute such an assertion. Of his missionary labors in the territory over rthirh m prrsidoii, ond of iiJN cxaUcd vlrt daut evidence in the murtyrologies of Duiigall uud Acngus. ii'K and sanctity, there is abun lii APPENDIX. 841 The ruins of the once celebrated cathedral of Ardmore, with its round tower, hanging on an eminence over the ocean, still exist as a monument of the piety and religion of former times, and still remind the traveller of those days of her splendor and independence in which Ireland adorned her domestic altars and erected others in the lands of the stranger. See of Louth, and county of, &c.,-St. Moctheus its founder,-wa8 the seat of hterature, and moreover the asylum of the poor. This saint was a Briton and havmg boen many years the companion of St. Patrick in his missionary labors, was at length consecrated bishop and established his residence at Louth The schools of Louth became celebrated, and it is on record that one hundred bishops and three hundred priests, eminent in sanctity and learning, received their education within the sacred walls of the monastery of Louth. Gratuitous education was one of the plans which Moctheus formed for the general couver- Bion and happiness of the Irish nation. It seems that the Almighty blessed this saint with a long life for the benefit and advantage of religion and literature. He lived to the age of 100 years and his deatli occurred A.D. 535. ' See of Rathcoipa, near Down.-St. Tassach, the prelate from whom St Patrick received the last sacraments, was the founder of this see His death is supposed to have taken place before the year 49t. Uath-Muighe, county of Antrira.-St. Olcan, or Bolcan, bishop and abbot of Rathmuighe, is considered the most learned of all those who conducted edu- cation in the fifth century. Having been baptized by St. Patrick, he repaired to Gaul for the purpose of prosecuting his studies, and on his return home was promoted to the episcopal rank and was settled in Dalrieda. St. Olcan founded the monastery of Rathmuighe and its schools, whioli became pre-eminent for scriptural and theological instruction. Among his scholars is reckoned St. Mac Nise, who afterwards became the first bishop of Connor. He is said to have written several valuable works, which have become a prey to the wreck of time or the fury of persecution. His natalis, or the dajr of his death, is marked on tl.e 20Lh of Feljruary. See of Domnagh-Patrick, county of Galway.— St. Falertus, whom St. Pat- rick placed there, was the founder. It is not known whether his consecration took place before or after the death of St. Patrick. See of Antrim.— St. Mochay presided here : was a disciple of St. Patrick. Mochay died A.D. 497. His consecration may be admitted as reaching baett to the year 405. ; ich the Catholics maybe relieved from the penalties to which they are liable then we desire tiiat all shall not only embrace it with alacrity, in manner as we have ulr.'udy said, but also express their utmost gratitude to his majesty and his illustrious parliament for so great a favor, and prove themselves worthy of It. Finally, wo entreat your lordship to take n.casurcs that this letter shall be communicated to all bishops and vicars apostolic of the empire, and in the hope that (I V will promptly and unreservedly conform to the things which, in virtue of the power rssigned to us, have been decreed. We pray Almighty (Jod that he may bug preserve your lordship, and in the meantime I declare myself attached to you with all respect. " Your most obedient servant, "J. B. QuARANTOTTi, Vice Prefect. ^ " M. A. Uai.eassi, Substitute. " To the most illustrious and Right Rev. AViiiiAM PoYNTER, bishop of Ilalia, Vicar apostolic of the London dislrict. " From iht College of the J'n^aganda, at Rom, Wh February, 1814. APPENDIX. Ml VI. « Genoese Letter to the Rigf^f jRev. WUliam Pcyrtter. "Most illustrious and Right Rev. Lord :-Your lordship lately informed »e of your intended speedy return to England, earnestly requesting me atthe ame fme at length to make known to yon the sentiments of his Holines . h regard to the conditions to be ' acceded ' to, and ' permitted,' in order ^, t e Ca hohcs may obtain the desired act of emancipation, f.om governm nt Hi Hohness, therefore, to whose decision, as was my official dntv, I had r'ldfh whole subject, being forced by the present unexpected change of Zt^l agam to ab.de far from the city, before the exnminat.on th'eof, w ch h d ong smco commenced, could be fully completed, has, in his exceeding prudence d^ med to pronounce in a solemn form his judgment on a matter of so g et H,n ent. lie has, however, deigned to dcch.re to me his sentiments with regard to the cond.t,ons wh.ch 'alone' (totally rejecting all others whatsoever h^erto proposed,) his beloved children, the Catholics of Great Brit w. h a safe consc.ence accede to, in case the long-hoped-for act of their emanc ! pafon be passed. For his Holiness trusts that the august king of ZZH am, and the most serene prince, his son, in their own singula! clemency 1 dom, and generosity, will most certainly crown with new favors and benefits tose already conferred on the Catholics, especially as they have found 1 always most faithful and prepared, with the Divine assistance, to endure h^ worst dnngers rather than fail in anywise in their duty to their soverei" Ihc pomts, however, that may now come under consideration, and which the aforesanl government, to secure its own and the state's tranquillity ami safety, seems to require on the part of its Catholic subjects, are the olu.: u eguu.ce to bo taken by them, the n.ode of appointing bishops to the vacant es, and the rev.son of all rescripts, briefs, and constitu.ions, whatsoever of the sovereign Pontiff, before the same be put in execution "As to the first, his Holiness flatters himself that th-^ government of Great nr.taan would by no means exact fron, the Catholics any other oath, but such as. whilst ,t gives to the government itself a still surer pledge of the fidelity of the Catholics, may at the same time, neither clash in the least with the princi- pies of the Catholic religion, nor cast any affront upon the same most holy relU gion of Christ. In case the 8for..sai.l act of emancipation be enacted, so as in ivery respect to be favorable to the Catholics, his Hoi,..eHs ^ill permit them to take that one of the following forms of oath which the government shall think ...ust advisable ; for each of them seems perfectly calculated to answer both the ftbove-mentioned ends, and therefore cannot Imt satisfy the government " The first is as follows : < I swear and promise u,K)n the holy evanKelists Obedience and fidelity to his royal majesty George the Third. tiial i wiii not hold any communicat I also nromiso ion, I unspicious connexion I come •e privy to any plot, or keep up a ny if it shall either at homo or abroad, to injure the public peace ; and my knowledge that anything is projecting either in my dio- 853 APPENDIX. ccse or elsewhere, to the prejudice of the state, I will reveal the same to the gorernment. " The second is : ' I swear and promise that I will contiuue faithful and entirely subject to bis royal majesty, George the Third, and that I will not in any wite disturb the peace and tranquillity of this realm, nor give any aid or assistance to any person who either directly or indirectly may be an enemy to his majesty and the present government of England.' " The third : ' I swear and promise ooedience and true fidelity to our most beloved Lord, George the Third, whom I will with all my might defend against all conspiracies, assaults or attempts whatsoever, against his person, crown and dignity; and if it shall come to my knowledge that any such are forming against him, I will reveal the same to his aforesaid royal majesty. Moreover, I also faithfully swear and promise, that I will with all my might pruserve, support and defend the succession of the crown in the family of his majesty against any per- son or persons whatsoever, within or without the reahu, who may boast or pre- tend a right to the crown thereof.' " With regard to the election of bishops : ' His Holiness first most earnestly exhorts and absolutely commands those whose custom it is to name to vacant sees the Persons to be presented and recoinniended to the Holy See, to use the utmost care and diligence, that such only be admitted into the number of candi- dates, who to their other pastoral virtues join the most conspicuous prudence love of peace and fidelity to his royal majesty. Moreover, although any one of the proposed forms of oath to be taken by the newly-elected bishops, may bo more than sufficient to content the government, nevertheless, for the greater satisfaction of the aforesaid government, his Holiness will not hesitate to per- mit ' that those to whom it appertains may exhibit a list of the candidates to the king's ministern, in order that government, if perchance any of them be dis- liked or suspected, niny immediately point out tlie same, to have him expunged;' but so as that a, sullment number may remain for liis Holiness, out of which to elect, wliom he may judge in tiie Lord most worthy to govern the vacant sees. "As soon tiierefore as the legislature of Great Britain shall promulgate in due and authentic form, its aforesaid act of emanci}»ation, conformable to the sentiments of his Holiness, as above expressed, with which I presume the Bri- tish governme'it is already acquainted, his Holiness will on his (lart likewise send a timely brief to uU the Catholic bishops and faithful of Great Britain, in which he will publish to the universe his sense of gratitude towards the clemency and generosity of Great Britain ; will exhort the Catholics, especially after thin uewly-received favor, to adiiero with still more fervent loyalty to their august king ; and finally, in a solemn form, will permit them to observe what I have hitherto stated with regard to the oath and the election of bishops. " As to the revision of rcacrijjts, of which mention is made by me in the head of this letter, or, as it is termed, ' the royal exetjiiatur,' it cannot become the essentially injurious to the liberty of the church and that superintendence which is of divine appointment, it would bo truly criminal to allow or concede it to tht APPKNDIX. 658 lay power ; and in fact it has never been permitted to any country • for if some even Catholic governments arrogate such powers to themselves, that is to be attributed not to the right exercise of due authority, but to an abuse which to prevent greater evils, the Holy See is forced, it is true, to endure and tolen'itc but can by no means sanction. However, that no injury or danger whatsoevei is to be dreaded .n England to the public peace or his royal majesty, from tnis indispensably-necessary independence of the Supreme Head of the church ia feeding and instructing the flock of the Lord, besides other most evident proofs wh.ch It would !>e tedious to specify and which are most notorious, namely, that the object m question is fully provided for by the very method prescribed to the bishops and vicars onostolic, which is to be found in Article 1st of thv < Quo». tmnarmm,' published by the sacred congregation for the propagation of the faith, where they are severely prohibited from inserting in the reports which they are bound to send to the Holy See touching their respective churches any- thing that may regard the political state of the country. " Hence it is to be confidently hoped, that the government will by no means persevere m its determination on this head, since the church cannot yield her right and the exercise of such a right as constant experience shows is in no wise injurious to the government. " To conclude, I have been induced to give yon the above statement from a view that the same may serve as a rule of couduct to your Lordship, whom in the mean time, I heartily pray the most bountiful and Almighty God to bless with a prosperous journey and abundance of every happiness. " LAwnENcB Cardinal Litta, " Prefect of the Congregation for M i». IX « ^ ^^^ Propagation of the Faith. Right Rev. Wir.UAM Poynteh, " Bishop of Halia, and Vicar Apostolic of the London District. "At Genoa, 2Qlh of April, 1816." vir. Penitential Cannns of the Ancient ChttrcA of Ireland. Among the ancient Irish, the penitential canons, so characteristic of primi- tlve times, had been most rigorously enforced even down to the eighth century, and would in all probaliility have been continued, did not the confusion, which the Danish ravages had cansed throughout the nation, interfere. In order to give the reader an idea of the nature of tlu.se penitential canons, as observed in the church of Ireland, some ore enumerated from the ancient penitentials, And pnrtii'ninrlv that, nf Pnmmlfin ... 4U^ -.1 I- -* J.1 • . *^ •• ■ " i "~ 'nr ^!iwc vt uicrn wonia ocfujiy U'lO iimcfi space. In the flth chapter, the canon ohiains, wifh regard to the crime of muf. der : " Should a layman maliciously murder another, he must withdraw fVora the church for forty days and do penance for seven yearn on bread and water j 884 APPENDIX. but he is not to be allowed to the holy communion until placed on his death-bed. Should he kill another by accident, he must perform a similar penance for fiye years. If a person should intend to commit murder, but had not the power of perpetrating it, he was to do penance for three years. Should any person in a quarrel maim or injure another, so as to render him deformed, he was bound to defray the expenses attending the illness of the injured man, and to do penance for six months on bread and water ; but should he be unable to meet these expenses, he must perform the penance for a year. The sin of drunkenness was punished by fasting on bread and water for a week : if attended with vomiting, e fast was to be continued for fifteen days. The crime of adultery was punished f •/ a penance of three years, during one year of which nothing was allowed but bread and water. The sin of concupiscence, even in thought, was punished by a penance of one year. Immodest conversation was subjected to a penance of forty days. For fornication, a penance of two years was to be enjoined. For the crime of perjury, a penance of three years was to be enjoined : if the per- jury was committed in a church, this penance was to be continued for eleven years. Should a layman, through a motive of avarice, be guilty of perjury, he was bound to sell all ho had and give it to the poor, after which, retiring into a monastery, he should there serve the Lord during the remainder of his life. A simple lie, unattended with injury, was punished by a repetition of thirty Psalms, or the constant silence of three days. Should a man be guilty of theft, he was to make immediate restitution and fast one hundred and twenty days on bread and water : had he frequently committed the crime and was unable to make restitution, he should do penance on bread and water for two years, and of another year one hundred and twenty days, after which he was to be recon- ciled to the church at Easter. He who indulges a hatred for his brother, so long as he neglects to overcome that feeling, must do penance on bread and water. The person who, through envy, is guilty of detraction, or who willingly listens to the detractor, must alike do penance for three days on bread and water. Should a man be guilty of usury on any account, he must do penance for four years, one of these years on bread and water. In fine, whoever refused to receive guests under his roof or neglected to exercise hospitality, so long as he thus persevered or did not give alms, he must for an equal period do penanco on bread and water ; but should he remain obstinate in his avarice, he is to be separated from the faithful." Another celebrated penitential observed in those times, was thu' of Colum- banus, or, as it is called, " Dt pmilentiarum mnsura lazanda," and which is altogether distinct from the monastic rule ; this latter one being intended for the monastic institute : the other was an universal ecclesiastical canon. (Flem- ing's Collections.) " Si Laicus alium occlderit odii meditatione, septem annis pceniteat (in pane et aqua) ct quadraginta dies abstineat se ab ecclosia : circa antem exitura vitro, „ — -jjui uv!, Tviuuiatie, Bcu cosu, uuuiiciuium pcrpo' travit, quinque annis pceniteat. " 8i voluerit et non potuerit, tribus annis poeniteat APPENDIX. 855 " Qui per rixam, debilera vel deformetn horainem fecerit, reddat impensas medicis : oegritudinem restituat et medium annum poeuiteat in pane et aqua : si nou habuerit, unde reddat, uno poeniteat. "Si Laicus fidelis inebriatur, pcEniteat unam hebdomedam in pane et aqua: si per ebrietatem vomitura facit, quindecim dies pceniteat. " Si quis adulterium fecerit, id est, cum uxore aliena, aut sponsam yel virgi- nem corruperit aut Sanctimouiatem, tribus annis pceniteat, primo ex bis, in pane et aqua. " Si quis fornicaverit de Laicis, duobus annis poeniteat. " Qui concupiscit meute fornicari, sed nou potuit, anno poeniteat, maxime ia Quadragesima. " Qui turpiloquio vel aspectu coinquinatus est, quadraginta dies poeniteat. " Si quis perjurium fecerit, Laici tribus annis poeniteant. Clerici quinque subdiaconi sex, Diacoui septem, Presbyteri decern, Episcopi duodecim. ' " Qui perjurium facit in Ecclesia, undecira annis poeniteat. " Si quis Laicus per cupiditatem perjurat, totas res suas vendat et donet Deo in pauperibus, et conversus, in Monasterio usque ad mortem, serviat Deo. "Mendax et non nocuit, damnetur tribus annis tacendi vel tn^mta Psalmos cantet. " Si Laicus seme) furtum fecerit, reddat quod furavlt et in tribus Quadra- gesimis cum pane et aqua poeniteat. Si s^pius fecerit et non habet, unde reddat annis duobus in pane et aqua poeniteat: et alio anno, tribus quadragesimis (120 days) et sic postea in Pascha reconcilietur. " Qui odit fratrem suum, quamdiu non repellit odium, tamdiu cum pane ct aqua sit. Qui causa invidioD detrahit vel libenter detrahentem audit, tribus diebus, in pane et aqua, soparetur. " Si quis usuras undecumque cxegerit, quatuor annis pteniteat, uno ex his in pane et aqua. Quicunque hospites non recepit in dorao sua, sicut Dominus p'ra- cepit, quauto tempore hospites non recepit neque eleemosynam fecit, tanto tem- pore puenitcat in pane et aqua, permanens autem iu avaritia, alienetur." VIII. Cunus Seotorum, or Missal of Iht ancient Irish. Tlic liturgy usually called Cursus Seotorum, was that which had been first brought to Ireland by St. Patrick, and was the only one that had been used nntll "■ .ut the close of the sixth century, i. e. during the times of the first clasi anu second of Irish saints. About this ,,eriod the Gallioan liturgy (Cursus Gallorum,) was, it is probable, introduced into Ireland. The Cursus Seotorum is 8upi)0He(i to have been the liturgy originally drawn up and used by St. Mark ""- ' .-..rnrMrln !ui!u«ca uy ot. urcgory r>.wiuii/,cii, flasil, and other Greek fathers; then by Cassian, Honoratus, of Lerins, St. Ca-sarius of Arl' , St. Lupus, of Troyes, ond St. Germaino, of Auxerre, from whom St. 856 APPENDIX, Patrick received it, when setting out on his mission to Ireland. A opy of the " Cnrsus Scotorum " has been found by Mabillon, in the ancient monastery of Bobbio, of which St. Columbanus was the founder, and which missal that learned writer believes to have been written at least one thousand years before his time. The canon in this liturgy is almost the same a,s that of the Roman missal ; but in the " communicantes," after the names of SS. Cosmaa and Damian, it has Hilary, Martin, Ambrose, Augustine, Gregory, Jerome, Benedict. It contains two masses for the dead ; one a general mass, and the other " Mlssa Sacerdo- tis defuncti," (the mass for a deceased imest.) Among the feasts are the assumption of the blessed Virgin, the chair of St. Peter, the invention of the holy cross, the nativity of St. John the Baptist, the feasts of SS. Peter and Paul, of SS. James and John, of St. Michaol the Arch- angel, of St. Stephen, St. Sigisnuind, and St. Martin, of Tours. It has a peni- tential annexed to it, and a " credo," the same in substance as that called the apostles' creed, but not as forming a part of the mass. The Cursus Gallorum had been introduced into Ireland during the times of the third class of Irish saints. This liturgy is ascribed to St. John the evan- gelist, and was followed by St. Polycarp, St. Ignatius, St. Irenaus, and others. In process of time it contained a great number of masses for Irish saints, and r ticularly the edition which had been used by the monks of the Columban jrder. This Cursus continued until the twelfth centi'ry, when the Roman liturgy and offices were introduced intr^ Ireland by the legate Oillibert, bishop of Limerick, and were universally received about the time of St. Malachy TX. While he (Usher) and eleven other Irish bishops declared it in form of pro- testation, " a grievous sin to allow Catholics to exercise their religion freely," &c. In the diocese of Meath, the most extensive, the most wealthy, and most English diocese in Ireland, it appears from Usher's own report, that, A.D. 1622, in two hundred and forty-tliree livings there were about ninety churchei in ruins ; sixty ruinous ; fifteen chancels without churches ; eighteen churches without chancels ; about half a dozen in good repair, and fifty in indifferent repair, and all this after a profound peace of twenty years. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. LANDS OF IRISH SEES IN STATUTE ACRES. m'T^'Vp, ■ ^OO'OOO 563 Meath and Olonraacnois 29 000 2fiQ S'^sher ■■.'.■.■.■.■.■:.■;:;; 22,000 591 Down and Connor 12,000 411 Yl'^T 28,000 531 t"^^^^ 22,000 216 ^'^Ph"^ 1,000 392 ^^'■'"T 77,000 102 Dublin and Glendalough 34 qqq q,q Kildare and Leighlin. ' 13000 835 Ferna 1300^ g^^ Cashel and Emly 20,000 046i ^'?!"^, 3,000 306 ^^'''''«° 6,000 795 Kerry and Limerick g 000 720 Lismore and Waterford g 000 Cloyne and Ross ],' go^OOO 661 '^^^"^ 64,000 600 Killala and Achonry 45,000 452* ^'Ph'"- 42^000 843 ^'""f«'^ 7,000 794 Kilmacduagh . g^OOO 950^ ^'^f'^rioTtL 9000 237 Total of acres according to Protestant returns 492,000 869 The Protestant holders of those lands which have been appropriated by the Catholic nobles and princes of Ireland to purposes strictly re- liirious. and wliinli in O.ixthnMn timna -nt^-^ „„„..i: i i_ ^v _ . , .■• churches and the poor of the different congregations, have, some of them, within a period of a few yeare, say fivm 1839 to July, 1842, bequeathed I ^5° ADDITIONS AND C0BBECTI0N3. enormous sums to their relations. {Probate of IJpisco^al Wills in Ire- land, etc.) Fowler, of Dublin £150,000 Beresford, of Tuam 250,000 Agar, of Cashel .\ 400,000 Stopford, of Cork 25,000 Percj, of Dromore 40,000 Cleaver, of Ferns. 50,000 Bernard, of Limerick 60,000 Knox, of Killaloe 100,000 Verschoyle, of Killala. 60,000 Porter, of Clogher 250,000 Hawkins, of Kaphoe 250,000 Total amount £1,635,000 Number of benefices in the Irish Protestant Establishment, 1,556 worth per annum : 1 County Down. £2,800 1<^ 2,000 to £2,600 20 1,500 to 2,000 23 l,200to 1,500 48 1,000 to 1,200 74 800 to 1,000 148 600 to 800 481 400 to 600 386 800 to 400 465 30 to 200 The Catholics of Ireland are then j^lundered of the enormous amount of £2,000,000 annually, for the support of this alien Establishment, which entails the burden of another million of money fc* the support of military and police to coerce the voice of the Catholic people. Yet with all this plunder, the Protestant Church of Ireland needs, occasionally, Parliamentary assistance. We find gra jioney made at different periods for Protestant purposes : Building churches. £525,371 Glebe houses 336,889 Kildare Place Society 170,502 Charity schools 1,105,867 Society to suppress vice 1,991,000 Number of parishes in Ireland without a member of the Church of England, 151 ; with less than 77 Protestants, 860. Number of acres subject to tithes, 13,603,473. The crreat Cinirnli of Armaali Tnf>n«nrpi1 in lonrrfli '\AC\faa^- f1^n ~w»)^ hall, 30 feet; the kitchen, 17 feet: safe for sacred ornaments, 7 feet. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTION& 859. The other cathedrab which the Apostle erected through tlit; Island, measured sixty by twenty-six feet— a size to which the IrFsh people ad- hered in subsequent ages with the greatest tenacity. Tlie entrance door- way was always in the west gable ; a window in tlio east one gave light to the Altar and to the body of the church. Seldom are lateral openings found in the ancient churches of Ireland. The kitchen was a sort of ecclesiastical edifice, and the one which Sl Patrick erected at Armagh, was m existence A D. 995. Armagh, which is called in the Irish annals the city of St. Patrick, was profaned by English troops, A. D. 1596. Even Irish Catholics were base enough to join in the profanation. Eomley, an English officer was visibly punished, while Baker, another in command, sincerely re- pented and became a convert to the Catholic faith. Derry was profaned by an Englishman named Eandolph, who, on having landed at Derry, stabled the horses of his troops in the (Jhurcb of St. Columbkille, A. D. 1564 O'Neil laid siege to Derry, which was re- taken, and the sacrilegious profaner of the Sanctuary was defeated and slain. Easmacneire, County Eoscommon, now called Assalyn, is one mile west of Boyle — erroneously supposed to have been identical with Ath- dalarg. In this latter place the memory of St. Maccan, a holy bishop, was revered on the first of December. The former, when founded by St. Columba, was governed by SL Dachonna, whose successor was enti- tled to the clothes and the hoi-se of O'Connor, King of Connaught, and whose privilege it was to follow the sovereign on that horae. Easmac- neire is also called, in the Annals of the Four Masters, Easdachonna. A. D. 748, died Fursey, of Easmacneire. ""^ILCOMMON, County o'J Mayo. Cummian, a priest, is supposed to be the author of the epistle to Segineus, Abbot of Hy, on the Paschal contro- versy. So is Cummian, the white, who succeeded Segineus in the abbacy. Had he been the author, it is not easy to believe that the monks, who were much attached to the mode of celebrating Easter according to the practice of St. Columba, would have chosen the author of an epistle im- pugnii.^^' their observance of the Paschal Feast, as Abbot of the Order. Cummian, the white, is considered the founder of this Monastery in Mayo, where he is interred, according to tradition, which affirms that his remains were brought from Hy, where he died and was interred. This Cummian was the relative of St. Columba. An entry in the Annals of the Four Masters, shows that Cummian, the long, Bishop of Cionfert, was not here interred; it also confirms the tradition of the country. A. D. 1162, the relics of Sts. Maenon and Cummian Foda, i e., the long, were removed from the earth by the clergy of Cionfert Broadan, and they were enclosed iu a protecting slu-ina 860 ADDITION" AND CORUECTIONa I KiLPlAN, in Mayo, is attributed to St Finan, of Bopliia laland, and who ia not to be confounded with Su Finan, of Kiuity. MovNE, County Mayo. The following entry in the Four Masters, gives us tlie period in whioh a general massacre of the clergy of Tirawley took place. A. D. 1582, Captain Brabazon (who was appointed Governor of Con- naught in the absence of Sir Nicholas M-.'Hy in England) went to Ti- rawley in the spring of this year, and pmndered and devastated the whole territory from one extremity to the other, for ht, continually moved from one camp to anotiier among them. Neither the sanctuary of the saint nor the poet, the wood nor the forest valley, the tower nor the bawn, was a sliclter from this captain and his people, until the whole territory was destroyed by him. At the period of this massacre, th- See of Killala was not provided for according to the Canons. When the Bishop, MacDonogh, wiis slain by the Ormsbys and Coopers, Killala was also vacant This bishop was consecrated in the Pontificate of Benedict XIII., who ascended the Chair of St Peter, May 24th, 1724, and who died in February 1730. Twenty years of his Episcopal life were devoted to his arduous dutie . In order to escape from his pursuera, ho was in the habit of putting to sea in a boat MoNAGiiAN, Monastery of, etc. The English, throughout every part of Ireland where they extended their power, were persecuting and ban- ishing the Orders, and particularly they destroyed the Monastery of Mon- aghan, and beheaded the Guardian and some of the friars. {Annul F. M.) Skrine, County of Siigo, whither a portion of the relics of St Adam- nan was conveyed when his body was brought from Ily to Ireland. Por- tions were assigned to Raphoe and Drumhome, in Tirconnel. Eatiiene, Monat.tery of, was situated in the barony of Ballycowan King's County, instead of Westmeath. After the expulsion of St Carthag, this Monastery, it appears, was not refounded until the time in which St Fidhairle ua Suanaigh flour- ished, and who died, according to the Four Masters, on the first of Octo- ber, A. D. 758. His Festival is observed on this day, and he is also vene-''te "l as the patron of Rathene— an honor not conferred on any but the 1-^ nders of churchea A. D. 1113, died Diarmaid ua Oeallaigh, successor of Ua Suanaio-h. A. D. 1136, died Saerbretach ua Cellaigh, successor of Ua Suanaigh. A stone cross erected here, was called the cross of Ua Suanaio-h. At Rathene was also venerated, on the 11th of March, the memory of St Constantino, one of its abbots, and who is called by Marian Gorman a Britoa CONSENTS. Eccleaia$lieal -■■. \nce of Armagh and its -: ig'tn Sees. p„ge. Armagh, Primo < Seo of Ireland, ... 28 Mcath, 59 Clonmacnois, 68 Cloglier, 7j Down and Connor, 77 Killmore, 33 Ardagh, 85 RapLoe 92 I^erry, 95 Ecdesiadical Province of Leinster, with, its Siffragau Sees. Archdiocese of Dublin, gg Kildare and ^44 Leighlin, 149 Ossory, 157 forns, J72 Eccleiiisticul Province rf Mumter Suffra- gan Seen. Arohiepisoopal SeeofCaahell.&c, .. 188 Emly, united to do [i_ Cork, 214 Killaloe, 299 Kerry, ir Ardfer ,. 226 Limerick, 229 Waterford and 235 l.isniore, 239 Cloyne and o^; R088, 249 EccUainstital P. ovinee of Connaaghf -Arch- diocese of Tua/r., artd Suffragan Sm. '''""^'n' 253 Killalo, 272 E'plii". .".'.',' 299 Aolionry ,-.-.,-.,,, S!!?. 5!°"'"«''^ ..'.".'..'.'.'." 308 Kilmacduagh and 312 KUllenora, 3^3 Wardenship nf Giilway. Wardens of, &c., 316 See ff Galxcay. Bishops of, 320 Missionaries and eminent men of Ire- ) 321 land on the continent of Europe, j 351 Monasteries of Ireland. Couvty Antrim, Achndubhtiugh, Acha'lcin, Antrim, A rdmasnasca, Ballycastle, Boithbolcain, Bonamnrffv CarrickfergHs Connor, Domnach-Braoin, &c., Glenarm, Oooil, or Wood-born, Kellti, or Diseiirt-Kellach, Killeaspuicbolcttin Lambeg, Unella, Massarene, Muckamore, Rachlin, Uathiiige, Rutheiispiiic-in ic , Rathnioane^, Rathmuighe Rathmurbuilg, Ratlisithe, Tiiliich, Armagh, . Culdeos Teiiiplo Brigid, '^g^ . 354 . ib. . ib. . ib. . 355 . ib. . ib. ib. . ib. . ib. . 35G ib. ib. ib. . 357 ib. ib. ib. ib, 358 ib. ib. ib. 359 ib. ib. ib. 3G0 ib. 303 3(34 F 62 OONfENTB. Temple-Fcarta, sgj Dominican, j^, Franuiscan, jj, Clonfeackle, j^ Killmore, jjj Killslere, jj, Killslieve-Cuilin, 3(55 Stradhailloyse, jj. Toirgrany, 382 County Carloio, 35(3 Achad-Finglass, jjj AthadiJy, jj, Ballymooje, jjj^ Killarge j^ Killlbrtkern, 3og Old Leighiin, ;},. Saint Stepiien'8 Priory, jb. Leighiin Kridgn, jb St. Mullin'8, ib, TuUach 3(j(j County Cavan, 370 Rnllylinch, jj, Cavan, jjj Domnaghmure^ jb Dromlomnion, jb Driimliilian, jb Killacliud, 371 Loughoutcr Jb. Muuutcri' uj;ht, ib. Cmnty t. r, 370 Deagli, Ceanindis Clare ib. ib. ib Corcuniroe, j|, •"•""'« 373 EnniKkerry, jb Innii-fidlio i^, Inchycronane, jb Inohmiire, ji^ Ini.'^anlaol, 37^ InJKkoItrn, j;, Inixliiingho, 075 Inii«nngananach, jb InJKcatha , jj, Inintymon, 370 Killcarnigt. 37,^ Killfobiick, ib. Killfnnora, n^ Killaliic ji,' Killnacalliagi ^^^Q Killt. Stephen, jb. Uofuighmore, jb. Fermoy, jj^" ^^'«"dy, 391 Glanore, ib Crange or Graney, Jb. luchrie, i|,_ Injiiscarra, jb, Innisliercan, 392 Inispict, ii, Killbcaean, ib. Killchuilin, ib. Kilerea, ib Franciscans, ii, Kiilcrimthcr, 393 Killnamarlibhan, ib. Kinsaie, jb. Regular Canons, jb. While Friars, ib, Lexnu. ib. 'uoim. ib. Mftur ib, MiJdIeton, ib. M<>urno, 3r;4 Oniolau'gie, i|j, R"*', , , ib. Tinioleagui', 395 Tranton jb, TuainiMMigfaidhe, lb. Tulatliinhlu, SU0 CONTENTS. ,868 Tullelash, 395 Weenie, ;(, Youglial!, ih Dominicans of, 397 Cou.Uy Derrij, 398 ArrngpU, &c , 398 Camus, i|j_ Coleriiine, \\y Dominicans of, , 399 I'orry, ^y, Dominicans of, 40I Dizcrtdgliill, ii) Domnach-Tola, i[). Dnnboe jj, Dungiven, ;{,_ Magilligan n,_ Moycosquin, ji, County Dmfgai 402 Arstrath, 492 Baillenagraairtach jb. ItaillemacMweeny, 494 BotliconaiH, j(j_ Clonleigh, j), Conwall 405 Cnoduin, j(, Donegal ;(,. Dronitliuoma 4'-o Fatlien-Miira, ji) Garton, [\y Hillfiithuir. ^^ Invci-naile ;[, Inisoacl 407 Inisaincr, j), Killiarron, j(, K'ilyl>pg8, ib. KiiliMlonnoll, ib Louglidcarg, jb Moville, or Maglibiio, jb. Maglipribcg j|, R«phoe 408 Ratlicunga, jb Rathmulien jb Sathri'gindi'n jb Torre-idlanil jb Tuiach-dubglaiHie, Jb CoHtitii D Mt, 400 Achndcaoil jb Ar licnixe, jb fiftnH" ih. IMnck Abbey, 4n Cantl'-Uny jb Clu' .indanih, jb. Cumber jb Down-I'utrick 412 Priory of Canons regular, 413 Cross-Bearers ib. Cistercians, 414 Franciscans, jb. Df (imore, jb. Brumboe, jb. Dundrum, jb. Erynach-Carrig, 415 Gray Abbey, jb. Hollywood ib, Iniscouroey, 4jg Kilchdlpa, ib. Kilmbian ib l.in-Huachill, ib Mnghbilo ib." Neddrum, ^ij ■^'ewry ...'!!,".' ib. Newtown 423 ^«"'' .'.'.*.".'.' ib. >lieve Donard, 419 Toberglory, ib. County 0/ Dublin, 420 Castlenock, 400 . Clondalkin, ib. ('lontarf, -^^ Dublin, 42J Abbey (,f V.Mary ib. I'riory of H. Trinity 422 Nunnery, &c , ib 'St. Sepulchre, ib Nunnery, &.o., , ib St. Olaves, ib VVitewlian 4^4 Priory of All Hallows, * ," Jb. Abbey of St. Thomas, ib" Priory of St. John, .125 Friary of St. Saviour, 42(1 Do. of St. Francis 407 A uguBtinians of H. Trinity, jb. Carmelites, 403 Ho.spital of St. Stephen, ib. Stoyno HoBpital ib. Allen's d( 429 Finglass jk Glacsmoro, 43Q Grace Diou, ib Holmpatrick, 43^ rnniHpiitri(!k, ib Kllniainhani, jb Kilnais, , ^3. KillNJiaghlin, jb r.unk, .....,,... jk Nunnery of, 43J MiKirtown, ib Monntown jb Palnivrstown : 1. y ' soi CONTENTS. P«go. Saggnrd, ....,.,.. 435 8t. Catliarine's, 43c St. Dulouglrij, 430 Sw^-'ds, , 437 Nunnery of, ji, Tallaght, ii,; County Fermanagh 441 Cluain-Innis, Jb. Devenish, jj,, Domnachmore, 442 Gola ib. Iniseo, jh. Inisrooha, 443 Lisgool, ib. Ross-orry jb. Cofunly Gnlway, 444 Abbey Gormogan ib. Abb«y Knocknioy, ib. Aughrim, 445 AhaHcrath, Jb. Arran inlands, jb. FranciHcans of, 450 Athonry jb, Franciscans of, 451 Ballinahinch, ib. Carmelites of, ib. Beugh ib. Boile an Clearr ib. Clare-Galway ib. Clochin-C'intualaig, ib. Clonfort, ib. Clonkenn, 454 Clontuskcrt ib. Cloony vornogp, ib. Cluanfois ib. Crevt bawn, ib. Dundryiian, ib. Duninorc, ib. Knngluluno, |b. Nunnery of, 455 St. Mary's, &o., ib. Franciscans of ib. College of St. Brendan, ib. *'»11'K ib. Fidhard» ib. Galway, ib. Fmnciscans of -b. Dominicans of, 455 Augustinians of, 457 Carmelites of, ib. rBpucliins of. 45P Kniglits Toinpliir of, ib. Nuns of St. ("lure ib. Nuns of St Douiiuio, 459 Nuns of St. Augustine, 460 Nunnery, ib. Imay 461 Inis an Ghoill, ib. Iiiis()uin, 462 Kilbought, 463 Kilbrenan ib. Kilcorban, ib. Killcolgan, ib. Killconnell, 464 Killcoonagh, ib. Killcrcunata, ib. Killfaile, 465 Killine Bondina ib. Killoebhain, ib. Killmacduaeh, ib. Killmacdara, ib. KiUtulla, 466 Killmurry, ib. Kinaickin, ib. Loughreagh, ib. Magholj, ib. Meeliok ib. Muckonis, 407 I'allice, ij). I'oriunina, jb. Rathinat, 468 Ross, ib, Rosserelly, 409 Sleusbancdgh ib. Teaglisaxon, ib. Teniplenioyle, ib. Tombeola, Jb. Tuam, ib. Coniily i/Keiry, 472 Aghadoo, 472 Aglianiore, ib, Ardfert, ib. Hallina.skeligs, 473 Innisfiillen, ib. Irrelagh, 474 Killachad Conclien, ib. Killagb ib. I.islaghtin, {b. Miinastprni Oriel, ib. Melcliedor'H Clmrch, 475 Odorney, ib. Ruttoo, 475 "kellig, ib. Traleo, 4b. County (if Kitiare, 478 Atli.y 478 Castlederniof, ib CliiM- 479 Clounugli, 48C ^■^ OONTENTB. 865 Clonoiirry, 4^0 Diseart Fulertach, 481 Glassnoidhen \\^ Orange Nolven jj,, Graney, 51,^ Great Conall, 452 Killybegs, ij, Kilcock, jjj Kilcullen, jj, Kildare, 433 Kilhill, 4gg Killossy, if, Killru' it,' Leii% ib! Maynooth, jj, Monasterevin, j}, Moone, 439 NaoB. ib Saint Woolstans, 490 Timolin, jf, Tully ; 491 County of Kiifcmvy, 492 Callan, jj, Dcarmagh, jj,^ Fertagh, j^ Fiddown, j|j Freshford jj, Grange Manach 493 Terpoint, jjj Inistioge, 494 Kells, i,, •fi'lftRliy, 495 Killampry, j^, Killcleheen, jj, Killphian, jj, Kilkenny, jj,' Killmanagh, 499 Knocktopher, 599 Rossberean, jj, Tibrach Fachna, 501 King's Cmnty, 592 ^j" ib, Clonfert-Miilloo, 593 Clonmaonnig, j^, Drji.iuuillin, 59^ Diirrow ji, Frankford, 519 <^»"'"" .".". ib. KilIcol>(an, 5 j j Killeomin, , , , . , . JK Killiigolly 512 Killbuacilpch, . ji, Kiiieigb ;;;; .^ KillioJuin, ib. Tr. . Papto. K'n'ty. 512 Lemanchan, 5^3 Leathmore, ;(, '^ynally 515 Monisteroris, jf, Mugnu, WW jb." Rathbeg ;,j" Rathlibthen, , , _ ^ jk' Roynich, 'W gig Seerkioran :u County Leilrim, 517 Annaduff, " ' jj^ Balliguarcy, '' jj,' Clooncholling, ^j,' Crevelea, jjj' Doiremella, '_ gig Drumlias, jt Druinahare, ji, Feenah, -y" .lamestown, g^g Killdareis, :k Killurtille, ' jk' Moi'iu,.. "'!;!;::; ib: Thacineling, g2Q Cwinty of Limarick, 521 Abbingdon ju Abbey Feal, m,' Adttire, "* j,,' A"y 523 Ardpatrick ji^ A^kpaton, jil" Ballynabnvbir, jf, Hallynpgall 524 Ballinwillin, ji, Cai igngonill, jj,' Tastletown Maceneiry, ji, Cliiain-predhuil j)," Cluain-clftidooh, 528 OBibaiiy ;;;;; j^ Kildimma, -J Killfinclina, Kilhnallook, Kiilratha, [[][ KiilNhano Kilitoel, ib. ib. ib. 530 ib. Killtoidhil jj, Kynnotbin, j^, '•'l^Pi-'ek ......'. ih." Milltown goi .M onanternonuxh, jj, Moiianternagalliagh 532 Mungrnt " '^^ Hatb-Koiilp, «o« -• ' "-......w lb. I I 866 00NTENT8. Pop*. County rf LingforcJ, ,'ia4 Abbey Shruel, ib. Ardagh ib. Ballynasaggard, 535 Cloone, ib. Clonebrone, ib. Deirg Abbey, ib. Drumcheo, ib. Fairgnoy, ib. Inchmore, 536 Innisbofin, ib. Inni.'iclothran, ib. Island of All Saints 537 Killglais, ib. Killinmore, 538 Lerrba, ib. Longford, ib. Moydoe, ib. St. John's Town 531) County of Louth, 539 Ardee, ib. Ardpatrick, 542 Carlingford, ; . . ib. Cluanbraoin ib. Drogheda, ib. Dromcarr, 545 Dromfioin, ib. DronishalloD, ib. Dundulk, 546 Ernatienma, ib. Faugber ib. Inninmocbda, 547 Innisken-Degbadh, ib. Killclogber, 548 Killsaran, ib. Killunclic, ib. Knock ib. Louth, 549 Mellifont, 550 Monasturbuioo, 552 Tcrmonfechio, 653 County of Mayo, , 555 Aghagower, ib. Agbamnre, ib, Annagh, ib. Balla, ib. Bftllontully 5.')6 Rail yha-incH, 657 Rallina-glaHse ib hallynnmall S.'iH Ballinrobn, ib. Bnllintolibpr, 559 Boghinoy^n 660 Bopheu liilund, ib. Tag». Borrisoarra, 663 Bowflnan, ib. Burrishool, 564 Clare Island ib. Cong Ih, Cross, 5e j Crossmolina, jb. Domnachmor, 567 Erew, ib. Inisgluaire, 569 Inchmean 570 Inistormor, ib, Killcoman, 571 Do ib. Kiliorau, 573 Killedan, Jb^ Killnatrinode, ib. Killfinan, ii,. Killmoreraoyle, ib. Killala, 574 Killnagarvan, 575 Killpatrick, jb. Killbride, 575 Killiney, ib. Killfian jb. Killin, ib. Lcacnamanagh, ib. I.oughcon 577 Killroe, ib. *W<'. ib. Monspietatis, 579 Morrisk, jb. Moyne 58O Odanheera, 582 Rathbran, ib. Tcmplemury, 583 Rathcolp ib, Rosfieriuk, ib. Strade, 684 Tarmoncarra, 585 Tcarmonderbhile ib. Urlaro, 586 County of Metilh 687 Ardbrcccan, ib. Ardoath 689 Ardinulohan, ib. Ardsailech, ib. Ardslane, 5ieen'» County g^ A'''>oyl«'». ib. Aghaboe gjg Aghniai-art, ' •,, 630 Inchnican, Fnoliinoro, "."C" Kiilcliule Annatrim, 617 Cluncnagli, jt Killaraght, Killnkrn *.','.'" KiJImore, KiUoniy, Kilitiiilagh, [[['' Knockviuar, Loughkpy, lamluff, '...'.'.'. •Afaghsoola, [b MonuHtorovan, ggj ib. C81 ib. ib. ilw ib. ib. 632 ib. 888 00NTENT8. Oron 033 KaDclown, jjj Koscommon, jb. Teagheon, (see Raodown,) C36 Teaghnanighean, jb. Tcagh-Bttithen, jb. Toberelly, jb. Towemonia, jb. Tulsk, ib. Counly of Sligo ('.38 Aclionry, ,b. AnghroM, jb. Ardnary, 640 Ardiienliss jb. Athmoy, jb. Ballindune, C41 Balliiiley, jb, Kallymote, ib. Ballysudare, 642 Bennada, 644 Bilo, 045 Caille, ib, Cai'.levinde, jb. Cashell Jorra, jb, Clogherinure, ib. Cloueyoneaghan, ib. Court 040 Craobhgrellain, ib. DrnimL'derdaloch, ib. Druimnco, ib, DrunicliSe, jb. Eachenach, 048 Emlcaohfada, ib. Enacbiird, (see Caille,) ib. (ilendiillain, (see Caille,) ib. luismore, ib. Inittniurray, ib, Killcairpre, 649 Killaraght, 050 Killauley, 051 Killcounagh, ib Killuathren, ib. Killmacoen, ib. KillnanmuBgh, • • ib. KillrutNHe, ib. Knorkmore, C52 Skrine, ib. fligo, 655 Snamlathir 056 Teiiiplo- house, ib. Co'inty of Tipperr.ry, 650 Ardfinnan, ib, AtbiiMcl, 657 Cdbir, ib. Paic« Carrick 658 Ca»hell, ib. Clonaul, 666 Clonmcl, , . , , ib. Cluainconbruin 666 Coning, ib. Corbally, jb. Domnaohmore, ib. Knily, ib. H.ilycross, 067 inuhnanieo, 608 IniHlaunaeht, ib. Kilcuniin, 669 Killeooly, ib. Killmorearadtbire, ib. Killinenallagh jb. Latterach-Odran, ib, Lorrah, ib. Monaincha, 670 Moyl'igh 671 Nonpgh, ib. Roscroa, 072 Thurlea, 674 Tipperaiy, ib. Tirdaglass, jb. County of Tyrone, 676 Aireual Dachiaroo ib. Arooe, ib, Ardstraw, ib. BuUynasaggart, 677 l-"li>g'>er ib. Corrock, ib. Dromnacbmore, ib. Drumdubhain, ib. Dungannon, 078 Gcrvagh Kerin, ib. Killiny) ib. Omiigli, ib. I'ubhal, ib. Strabane, , ib. Trelick, ib. County Waterforil, 079 Aclmddagain, ib. Ardmoro, ib. Ballivony, 080 Bf'wloy, ib. Baillendcsert, ib, Cappngb, ib. Carrickbeg ib. Cathuir Mac Conohaigh, 081 Clashmoro, ib. Croflko, ib. Domnaobmoro, ib. Dungarvan ib. CONTENTS. 869 Tppo Innisdatnhle, 682 Killunkart, 683 Killiire, jb Killinboynan, jb. Lismore, jb. Molana, 68C Mothell, jb, Rhincrew, jjj Waterford, ggy Cnunty rf Wesimcnih, 689 Ardnacranna, ib. Athlone, jb. Athnecarne, jb. Bnllimore, jb Cloonfad, 690 Clonrane, j(,_ Cluainmnhaoscna, 691 Drumreilgoach, jb, Comraire, jb Coniry j^. Drumfoartain jb Driimcree, jj, Drumrany, jj, Dysart, 692 Farrenenamannagh, jb. Farren-Macheigkose, jb. Fo'* .'.' ib" Hare island, 694 Inniflvaclituir, jb Keniird, jjj Killaro jj, Killboggan ggg Ki»''''ty 696 Killconirv, Killknnny West, jj, Killuken, ggy Killmichacl, ju Killtoonie ji. Lockin, _* jj," Lyn, or Linleire, j{, Miillingar, fjfjg li«th«Kh '' Q,jg Kathcnen, -.u Tonghbaithen ^^ Teaghtelle, jj, Tipport, 7(30 Tober, ib. Tnsternagh, 70O County nf Wexford, 701 Abbey Killbrayey, jb Acbadabla, jb. ArduoCoeman, jb. Ardlathran, jb] Ballyback, ;i,] J^eg Erin, 7^3 Camroea, j[, Carnsore, jb, Clonemore, jb, Clonmines jjij Darinis, 7Q3 Desert-cheandubhain, jb. Down, [ j,j" Dromchaoinchellaigh, ib. Dunbrody jj," Enniscorthy, jj," Fpi-nes, -, 7Q(j Fionmagh, nn-r Glasscarrig, ... jj^ Hoartown, jjj' Fnvcrdhaole, 708 '"'"beg .....'.'.'.'. ib. Iiiisfael, jjj Killcloghan, ' ' ' ' jb] Maghinemhna, or Maudlinton, ib! Rosmic-Trian, jb Si'anbotha, j^q Teagbmunnu, jb, Tintern, 71 1 Wexford, 7^^ County of Wicklow, 714 Arklow, Jb Biillykine, jb^ Biiltinglaes, 715 Donnrd jn^^ Glondaloch 7J6 Inii-bdyno, 719 Killgdrman, jb. Killaird, ; jb Killnaningean Jb. Sliruthair, jb, Toacbnaromhan, 720 Whall(>y Abbey, (see Ballykine.) .... ib. Wicklow ib. IBRATDU. Page 722.— Re«d, A. D. 910, the blessed Maolpntrick and Mungauus, uiichorite, with umf cihera, wore martyred by ibo Daues at Old Lsighlia. SAINTS OF IRELAND. AbWian, 386, 466, 488, 666, 708 Abhland, 400. Adamnan, 92, 408, 639, 652, 653. Adanman, 359. Aedgin, C93. Aedan, 72. Acdh, 609. Aeagus, 438, 619. Aengus, Mac Nissa, 77, 355. Africa, 486. Aldan of iMayo, 259, 573, 578. Aidan of Northumberland, 25, 32^ Aidan, alias Maidoo, 171, 706. Aidan, C8, 112. Aidus, (Black) 145. Aidus of Killare, 536, 692, 694, 699. Aidus, (King,) 545. Aidtis, (Abbott,) 366, 620, 692, 694. Aidu.s, Mao Corbre, 358. Aidus-Glasae 577. Aidus, Mac Breo, 515. Aidus of iSlrtty, 620. Ailbe, 3, 189. 194, 479, 501. Aireiidanus, 639. Ailild, (Aluu AiUla,) 628. All)ert 86. AlbinuH, 347. Algnied. 589. Alither. 503. Altin. 678. Alto, 344. .^tmniciiad. 374. Ampadan, 112. Ampliodan. 112. Anatoiius, 348. Aodan. 634. Argiihast, 429. Armetug, 72. Aromous or Aaron, 618, Asious, 299 629. Athractn. 631, 650. Audoon. 430, Augustine. 708. AuxiliuH, 27, 28, 462, 488. Baitellaoh, 609. Baithon, 408, 636, 719. Barr, 214, 386, 472. Barr, 515, 682. Bwrindtius or Barrinthus, 407, 452, 508. Beatus, 401. Becan, 62, 392, 570, 573, 6b6. Benedict, 5. 446. Bcnignua. 29, 447, 518. Beoadh, 622. Berach, 627. Berchan, 443, 447. Bitheus, 299, 841. Blaithmac, 5G3, 723. Boedhan, 454, 530. Boetius, 552 Bolcan, 355, 841. Brecan, 447, 449, 587. 589, 618. Brendan of Clonfort. 226, 308, 451. 455 402, 472 5G9, 693. ' Brendan of llirr, 447, 502, 503. Brigid. Patrone.-s of Ireland, 144, 412, 481 576, SH^* 605,636. > ^ ""Oi Brigid, 342 /3. Brigid, 719. Brogan, 020, 686. Bron, 144, 299, 045. Brugacius, 325, 359. Caidoc 346. Caillan. 77. Cailin, 518. Caiinin, 374. 686, 703. Cannora, 376. Cannice, (See Kenice.) Canoe or Conoc, 511. Caradoc, 447. Carecha. 602, 628. Carneeh, 404. Carpre, 649. Carthng, 239, 684, 694, 699, Cast^anu.t, 595. Cassidus, 377, CataMus, 340, 689. Cathubh, 354. Cayman, 080. Ci'ananach, 447, Celeohrist, 404. Celsus 35. Cera. 391, 585, 699. Corban, 600. Cetamaria, (Ist Irish Nun,) 677. Cethecus, 255, 595, 633, 840. Cethenus, 255. CiaruD, 600. INUJSX. 871 Cinnia, 13. 677. Cobdenach, 677. Cooa or ( liuchea, 381, 482. Coelan, 374. Coeman, 447, 529, 631, 634, 606, 650, 669, 701. Coom(j;hen. (See Kevin.) Cobhtach O'Muredach, 146. Colga,4C4, 511. Colgan, 403, 404. Colnmn of Annatrim, 617. Colman cf Ardboe, 676. Colman of Dromoio. 81), 414. Colman of Cloyne, 246. Colnian-elo, 357. Colman of Mayo, 324, 500, 577. Colman of Camus, 398. Colman of ("luainmuin, 628. Colman of Austria 351, 725 Colman of Clonenagh. 617. Colman of Clonfert, 308. Colman of Doirenior, 511. Colman of Kilmueduacii, 312, 405. Colman, son of Aid 670. Colman, Stellan, 675. Colman of Dy«art, 692. Colman. 675, 692, 723. Colman, Hua Fiaclira, 710. Colmai), 338. Columba, son of Crimthan, 617, 675, 677. Columbanus, 25, 332, 050. Columkille, 324, 412, 488, 502, 550, 600, 601, 606, 640, 691. Columb, (a I'riest,) 677, Comgull, 404, 409, 723. Comgun, 527, 019. Cona. 255. Conadar, 093. Conall, 398, 407, 447, 464, 603. Conan, 255. Conchenna, 305 474 Conodus, 027. Conlaeth, 144, 486. Constans, 442. Corban, 403. Cormac, 272, 508, 557, 570, 609, 696. Cornelli, 685. Corpreus. 398, 842. Cronan, 240, 382, 354, 446, 417, 672, 690. Crumain, 097. Cuanna, 445, 464. Cuan 701. Cuanan, 019. Cuangus, Mac Dall, 515. Culint'UM, 434. Cumania, 434. Cumian, Fadn. 308, 571, 572 Cumian, Fin. 571. Cumin of Ardnecoemin, 701. Cumin of Killiire, 695. Cumininis, 354 695. Cumineus, Hua Kieran, 358. Dabpoc, 4i'7. Dabonna, 402, 628. Daoliuft, 172. Duirau, 07U, 708, 714, 842, Dageus, 5 17, 842. Darorca, 305, 462. Darioc, 402. David, 708. Declan, 3, 189, 345, 666, 679, 840. Derbhilia, 331, 585. Derlugdacba, 480. Dermot, 83, 478, 536, 597, 619, 651. Dichulla, 702. Dioholla, 648. Dichull, 440, 473, 542, 613, 648. Dimma, (Black.) 355. Dinima, 528, 673. Doclionna, (i/t'i.sMocbonna, or Maocan, 628, Domangart, 359. 419, 501, 702. Domangen, ^2, 395. Domnal, 022. Domnuii, 537, 675. Domnoc. 501. Donatus, 341. Doulagh, 436. Duach, 1st and 2nd, 30, 360. Duclionna the Pious. 78. Du.iciid O'Uraoin. 09, 504. Dvmpnit ~Zi. Dysioud, 102. Echea, 539. Ellas, 347. 350. Emeria, 535. Enan, 048, 690. Enna, 648. Enda, 72, 445, 507. Eochad. 360, 097. Erard, 80. Erclaous, 359. 539. Ei-c. 07, 144, 484, 007 608, 681, 840. Erditus, 708. Ernan, 408, 608, 090. EsBcrninus, 27, 482. Etchen, 320, 090. Ethnea. 434. Etto, 338. Eugene, 95, 076, 842. Evin, 708, 709. Fachna da Ria, 313, 605. Fachnan, 246, 394. Faila or Foila, 403, 465. Falertus, f See Felartus or FulartuB.) Fanohea, 443, 602. Faranan. 145, COO. Fechin, 448, 401, 506, 553, 564, 575, 639 642, 645, 647, 651, 692, 700. Feidlimid, 72,83, 478, 613. Felartus or Fulartus, 255, 454, 628, 841. Feradach, 358, 725. Fcargille, (S^ee Virgiliua.) Fearfugillus, 420. Fcrgumith, 443. Fergus, 77. Fethlin, 360. Fiaohna, 529. Fiacra, 405. 495. Fiacre, 62, 339. Fioeh, 100, 144, 020. Finblmr, (Sbq Kftrr^) bI2 INDEX. Finan, 323. 437, 473, 474, 476, 480, 512, 528, 573, 013, 656. ^ Fincliea. (i02. Finclm. ,384, 393 Fiiidkar, 647. 682. Finian 62, 325, 416, 506, 512, 545, 593, 646. ' Fionan, 613. Fintan, 366, 617, 645. Fintaii, Curach, 308, 453, 619, 620. Fintan, (Anchorite,) 618. Fintan. Maeldubh. 492, 618. Fintan, Mudhu, 700, 710. F'laniian, 222. Florentins, 429. Foilan, 338, 3r)8, 619, 691. Forchellacli. 693. Fortkern, 368, 582. Fothad, 361. Fraech, 393, 517. Fricor, 346. Fridoliiius, 321, Frigidian, 339. FuJartus. (See Felartus.) Fulartach, (Hermit.) 63. Fursey, 337, 447, 468. Gallus, 336. (iarbhan. 214. 681. Gerald, 259, 578. Gorebern. 721, 722 Goar, 354. ^"^^i'^n- If . 308, 393, 495,515,674,686, Gobnafa, 383, 447. Gorman, 719. Gormgnll, 448. Grellan or Grillin, 640. Guasuct, 538, Henan, alias Enan, 691. Ibar, 144, 189, 702. 839. Idus, iiliax Aidus, 538. llland, 515. Isserninus, 27, 28, 482. Ita, 379, 452, 524. Jarlath, 259, 454, 469. John, 351, 725. Justin, 597. Justus, 455, C29. Kellach. 406. Kenice, 129, 495, 016. Kevin, 111,714,716,717,719. Kienan, 67. 598. 840 Kieran 3. 68, 157, 189, 359, 378, 384,603, . Killon, Mac Luibney, L'^8. Killeen, 409. Kilian, 338. 723. Kilian. (Abbot,) 503, 614. Lachtnan. 492, 503. l-aidgcn. 503. f.Alloca, 640. Laaerian, 72, 149, 441, 711. Lasrean, 355, 378, 620. Lttsra, 510. 595. Laurence OToole, 106, 176, 664. Leogar, 508. Libbha, 112, 679. Libliana 576. Libern, 690 Liedania, 157, 512. Lieghnaii, 693. Liemania, 462, 548. Livinus, 100, 722. Loam, 255, 555. Loman, 68, 609, 648, 842. Lonan, 512. Lua, alias Molua. Luathren, 651. Luuhern, 515. Luotigorna, 378, 527. Lughach, 475. Lugad 364, 597. Lugeiis, at'Oi Molua, 379. Lugnat, 462. Luiuan, 697. Lunechairia, 631. Lupiia, 13, 364, 535. Luroch, 95. Maocailleus, 144, 484. Maciionna, alms Macoan, 620, 629. Macarten, 71. Mac Cecht, 465. Mac Dara, alias Senach, 465, 466. Mac DuHe, Dachrich, 675. Mac Duffe, Hugh, 724. Mac Erca, 257, ■>77. Mac Lasre Terennan, 360. JIac l.onguis, 447. Mac Ni8,sa Aengus, 77, 355. Mao laiiua. 482. Maplbrigid MacUornun, 34, 92, 302, 400 Maelruan 346. 437. Maimbnlus. 349, Maiidut. 316. Mainend or Magnend 355. 431 Malaohy, 36, 78, 98, 215, -410, 421, 550. Manchan, 368 382. Manchen, 513, 519, 620. Manius, 257, 648. Marcellug, 347. Mavateus, 324. Maugina, 628. Mad, 85, 484, 534. Mella. 518, 534. Molchedor, 475. Meiohuo or Milohuo, 85, 534. Meldan, 463. Menoc, alias Mogenoc, 602, 679 Michan, 428, 646. Mc.bby, 443. 481. Mochadoc, 708. Moohell(H3, 529, 681. Moohoemoe, 411. Moclioenioc, alias Puloheriug. Mochonna, alius Macan, 399, 620 628 Mochon.ic, 708. Moolmuiin, 675. INDEX. 878 Mochteus, 73, 549, 550, 841 Mochua of Balla, 555, 590, 693. Mocliua of Antrim, 354, 420, 621, 841 Mochuinma, 414. Modan, 538. Modwenna, alioi Monenna, 365. 546. Mocldod 014. Moeldubh, 693. Aloelmochta, 593. Moena, 308, 453. Moelpatrick, 722. Moongal, alvm Marcellus. JVIogornian, 719' Mogornan, 402. Wogoroc, 719. Moiagga, 396. Wolantidhe, 086. Molaisse, 3oO, 441, 500, 638, 639,648, 649 Moling, 172, 3G8. Moliiu, 222, 379, 380, 503. Monenna, alias Modwenna, 365, 546 Mosacra, 435, 702. Moyle Dichru, 675. Muadnato, 045. Muukna, alas Muokin, 256, 567 Munchen, 229,513. Munganus, 722. Munissa, 532. Munia, 535. Mura, 406, Muredach, 578 Muredach, 259, 272, 648, Murgenius, 619. Natalis, 406, 499. Katfraoich, 486. Nathy, 305. Nechtan, 402. 548. Nehemias, 359. Neman, 703. Nemius, 446. Nennidhe, 442, 588, 697. Nessan, 189, 215, 386. Nessan, 532. Neslug, 532. Odran, (Abbott,) 378, 608, 619. Odran. (Martyr,) 610, 619, 721. Oena, 69. Olcan, 359, 573, 630, 841. Osnata, 045. Ossan, 009. Osein, 594, 005. Palladius, 5, 538. Patrick, (Apostle,) 0, 27, 29, 59 98 <)Q 188, 25i, 412, 510, 032 ' ' ' Patrick, (Abbot,) .■?48. Petranus, 434, j42, Phian, 495. Pulcherius, 511, 513, 608, 681. Quilian, alias Kylian, 346. Rantic, 346. Eegnacia, 516. Reguius, 467. Kiooh, 536. Roo, 536. Ronan, 545. Ruadan, 670, Rumold, 102, 723. Saoellus, 255, 624. Salonius or Solonius, 5, 23, 716. Samthana, 535. Sanotan, 720. Scanall, 697. Schiria, 603. Scota, 377. f>cutin, 621. Sebdana, 486. ^''"600°842'^"" ^*"''^"^^' ^' ^^®' ■^^^ Sedna, 158, 386, 393, 597. Sedulius, 103, 324. Segretia, 579. Setlan, 112. ^*°*842^^ 255, 360, 465, 466, 555, 690. Senell, 417. Senan, 373, 375. Seven Sons of Liemania, 462. Sidonius or Sedna, 602 Sillan, 417, 441, 619. Silvester, 5, 23, 710. Sincha, 608 Sinchell, 612. Sinell, 72, 441, 479, 495, 519. oodanina. 607. Sodelbia, 434. Solonius or Salonius. Sorar. 405. Stelian, 374. Suarla, 07. Suarlech, 693. TaluUa, 645. Tamthina, 719. Tassach, 416, 583, 841, Tedgallius, 515. Tellan, 614. Telle, 391, 699, Terennan, MacLasre, 31, 360. Ternoc, 702. Tiernan, 5b8. litSfi ^^' ^^^' ^^^' ^^^' ^«^' «13 Thorian, oliat Thorannan, 647, Tola, MacDunchad, 03. Tola, 58'J, 594 Totnan, 338, 723. Tressan, 347. Trian, 510, 512. Tullogh, 712. Victor, 687. Vinoc, nlias Finian, 358. Virgilius, 343,610. Vulganius, 346. Ultan, 67, 72, 338, 588, 842. Ultan son of Ere, 679. Wiro, 101. Witta, 347.