Inches
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1.0
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ikl2J 12.5
m ■■ ■■
M Itt 111
5u
u
1.8
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MnNUFRCTUl^EO TO nilM STRNORRDS
BY APPLIED IHRCE. INC.
«r''
'^
thhigs tlut are tapiiririiig or rt»diiig aroimd it, ot wm^U^^S^^^.
memory, w&idi things thiw. in th« twilight or duui<jw cif SwdonmSBoS^mS^^^
" S!??''^ *^"^** «» **^ •*t«tion!Thi8 nirit .otion Jr3»e^SiJ!»VSt5tS1mr
m both dagNM. going on vimoltmieouly togethA. iti^MUM^SSlnlS mwSl^hni
only on«. ObMm. latant oonMioiun«M is qoite • diilCMnt thing ftom vnoonssioanMs W.
OM ncT«r Iw mMfOj oonMions of things i£ the ttneonsdoiirSewrbSSMrih^^
ssf^fcU S!L?*??=^*v*r^'? -p^ '^ turning tt tairs^<ysnSeSiSo uS.2
Both the Mtirs and the hrteiit eonsdonsness weeets of the o^sdoos pJtSSTs^^
T^.T^^,^^^^^"!"!;^' ^ eonsdoomess puwes from the lirtent to theMttfi de^M^
(Bee "Mental and ifoml IhilDsoiiiy.
8. AUtkeefideneesof mentalM
fSJK? >»«*^ ▼«»*<>«» fMirtloM, hut thrt aU its fnnetioos teepertoSShyWjSSJ!
ST5li£^^!S: »i!^ ««• <»• inittfisihle eonsdons SntT^rtSTtt
evanr part ef the ^i^ fa adapted to do aU these fnaetioas : and th««toN thsM is bo ittC^
the t^Miw or 0iNMdowM,li MfHtllMlesi endowed with tm& njum^OuS and aiSSaS
i*in.«adi eloieniiidi with the ••pa.ma," that fiiSKTits haSSSJ
«w '* ^L^**"**^ !^ *^*etoi^4i«MoB (Of edoseioas and nieonidoiM BaHs is oImmmM* Ih
— d h»thqf ttwae iwrts set ae iiirtrit^ ^«^ toa»ti.^ — ^a->- »^. ^^Tf^!^ *"«Mn >
, il
-^
¥"
il
CiMMllM iMtltute fo» Htotorlcai MlororH»ro<«ctkm«/ln«|lmt cnwndlnn d« mkror«productkH» hl•tor^uM
<■•
«r'
^
I CHAPTEBm.
bt,^
naai
.Mia •tomb.
ib* 4001 fMn
««oo»14
a
n
D
CotoHMd ptetM «ia/or (IhHtratiom/
P1wich« tt/oM iNiMtratiom mi '
Bound with oltMf malariat/
MfllM «««C d'MltTM dooMMnts
Tt#it bi w dini may cam* ilt«do«v» ot dittonioii
alone intarior marfin/
Oualitv of pHnt variat/
Qualit* m t|alt da I'impratMon
□ Continuowt pafination/
Pafination continua
D
La raUura tarrto paut c a mar da I'ombra ow da la
dittonien la Ions da ia marfa intkrkm*
Blank laavat addad durinf raitoration may <
vrithin dia taxt. Whanavar poMiMa, thata Hava
baan ominad from f ilminf/
II ta paut qua cartamas pafM btandiat aiouttet
Ion d'una rattauratkm appaf a iiiant dam la taxta.
mate; lonqua cala *tait potiiMa. cas pafln n'ont
paaMfilm^.
Includt^ indaM(at)/
Comprand un (da<) indax
Titia on haadar takan from: /
La titra da I'an-Mla proviant:
Titia pata of ittua/ %
H§» da titra da ia iivraison
D
I I Caption of i««ua/
n
Titra da depart da la livraiion
Matthaad/
G^niriqua (pAriodiquail da la livrai^
Additional eommant*:/ Th«r« at* some creases In the middle of pages.
Cpmmantairat Mippl4mantaira«: -tk
This itam is f itonad at tha raduetion ratio diackad bakiw/
Ca documant ast filmi au taux da rMuction indiqu* ci-dassous.
10X
14X
18X
22X
26X
30X
••
.
7
12X 1«X 20X
24X 2»X 32X
•
:'-.l
\
•
•
^>^d^
%•" ■ i-
m it keoiaMMHrjp to
ponndwork of tho
otberuatiagr mm|
047. and W lis*.
^ita ▼oUtioM or
Bive iaqwcMioat
*w or apiiit ; in
I natUr «an aot
ittflneiMiiig oq§
w ioilonioe oao
^Piiit MtioB.to
•B^tiM matter
MtioApcodaet
:iti •■
g^ aoai W
taatfoa^ia Hw,
' ^ *te??i?l^'*^ "^ atimalata aoma Und of mokmdar aetion. - ■«»««•»
„f . S*"^ *"? union batwaeii Mid and body, to be perfaat or aUthat ii raanira^ araat ba
Lat na add Ijtara, in oonnaotion with tha praeading piopoiition. that the hridaa iMftvn^
OMjdoM ttooght and «h»,»^t?ri^^bodj mnat h^^^SHlS^^^^SJSZ^
centra of tha aiah ; one half ia apirit aetion, the other halfia nudaentar Mtk»Tanaihr««?
hdf moat no wonar trambia 1^ the tread of a tho^ apM^STttSTuIa^l-mSS
iSL^tS!K'!S^**ft**^u**i!5^*^">^*«>* thaeMaeioM jM»tof STaoTiwSi
S?^w*^^^ ^*^ *S? b0dy and the nnoonaeiona part of ti&wal; the »»; mSS
for both, and aetion pftheona Und moat y«TA take phM>einSflBa half of ^^
Of miffisassiffi^ ^
aetion aMin itnagelT
•otlon la eoBflaad to tL
into tba paoTiaeaof tb
rateii aodoBt ptodmed
tWi^, Intt OBl^mtflaoali
tbaralsnevar aekton t
^uto of tlMua. whtoli _
ofimnr, Und, whether
aetion fa annniMry to
psopwbaalaotiutfon-
dlffleoltiaeiattiabay'
Intf^Hnc
ion in an its minor defidStfliSulSoirattoir *"
•- 1 up tOM^ in the body, they era yet
the one wtau^MMan in the other, Benoe loL that mMeSnSarwS^tflr
aneeeeeatyMMtofaMleoalarp«*<^ «"i;~— /5..r!RT™™*5'_" *Wtoer
le ihoodii TCMea to the boT
"^ ' uiiiMlawlWM^^ orngolato one aaotbec/
~^ *^^ ^rv^a^pav WW ^mmtmm^mm W4WMB ^ XaaWVWAVaft WWATa
a in tha other, Benoe tt^ that mO/iS^umSHmTm
eoaoM Ooagfat mut be tledto M laortartoR^S^
a
metoHlei%odybeeo«nei
Iota it oraat be united
otoeeaad coaalMi^aa
aoUmialheMiar.
Maa'abbdyie ibtu
thinfth^ggaa"**"
ooaenon betwMB _«,
tnyVanw tha fame llneb
repNatBtanira of itMtt .
___Tbia ianaaaotian for
we*e it not wattled for '
oooelant, ttie eool won
that dM not ittToli^
.ibMaalheaoalia
lottt the leaat '
ati
— »■ — — . aadfetpeiato
ewy kind of aetton in ^ anemaatat aU tinea VTOdoMMmeldadS
^^teSd? ' •»*«'»•<»* !«• Piodneea that MttoTki^f
.'^!S!!S5!'^?V'''!!!&J^?*'i**^ *o be aieee MM OTn
rf!^2!l!*V"&^ 'vj'S^^ Tkae,wai«4ha
aelkaidoaot
other wUeh la
: :ZSrrfL'r:S?^?vnr^v?w»*^ to be tfieee and eooataat : hat MM
iieaapiHwoaktboNunfvidfarotbeia. Thaa. war* ttalSSM2S^IS
d(ff«f«m rvduetlofi ratio*. Tnoa« toe larga «o b«
•ntlroly Ineludad in on* aapoauro arofllmad
b««innin9 In tha uppar loft hand eomar. latt to
ri^nTlind top to bottonfi. aa many.framaa oa
roQulrod. Tha following diogramt llluatrato tho
mathod: ,>„ ^
lUft UIIIVIVIIW.
Lor8<|u* la doeumant oat trop grand pour Atro
roprodult on un a*yl ellchd. H oat film* i partir
da I'anglo aupAriour gaucho. do gauoha i drolto.
Ot do Hout on iMia. on pranant lo nombro
d'Imogoa ndooaaalra. Loa diagrommoa autvonti
Uluatront lo mAthodo.
D
32X
1 ; 2 3
, r
1
2
3
;,:4-- ■
■■■; 5-.
6
'Wf.,
1^
m» on« ana, — taa lor oonTeying ana prodaeing tmi moieeour Mbon in the miuoiea or parts
of the body at the other end; and in the other kind, there moat be that adaptation which flti
it for reeeiTing its own moleenlar aotion from the material or moleeolar aeti<tti of the parts <flr «' •
extmnes of the body, .as, for instance, the priddng of a needie,— sjnd for conTmrjng such '
moleeolar action as will saitably produce spirit action at the centres of nnion with liu sool at
/the other end.
• Physiological science, then, without a single discordance shows most distinctly that the
human body is fully provided with these two spedaftr adapted nerve lines of tonneeti<m between
all parts of tl» body and its centres of union with the soul,^and that each kind is fully
fitted for the work which it has to perform both in coni^^g its own kind of i^Aififfllar
aetitm, and also in giving and receiving its 9wn priqper stimulus M aetion to or from mdedular
or spirit action at either end.
. The nerve lines, then, which transmit impressions or molecular aotion from the various
parts of the body to the centres, are called by^he later physiologists the Afferent or Sensory
Nerves : smne also eall them ftM Excitcur Nerves, because they excite action at the centiit Iro^ '
fbeoutside. v * , ; T ,
And those nerve lines which transmit motor or molecular action from the centres to the
muscles and various parts of the body, are called by physiologists the Efferont or Motor Nerves.
«A|)p]iy^MtrtsafrMia«iebralalMtaigthea^tof oo Carpenter and Loiuet.
however, m^ it Is lomied inttie IteMnoe^iiae or bCdl laDtfla; bat Fenier.^oueas, Yal^
•^by a vast ■mount of inwtn«able evidanoe, have fiMurl^ proved it to be ^tedin the oaiebni
lttMB° T*"^ ^ ^* oentrea at nneonsoloas Interaction, physiological testimony Is genanUy qoite
t See on Ols nibjeot, Farrier's "Fonottona of the Brain." Oarpento's "HUmaa Physiolocr.'' or
any other late flrat-olass work on the hnmannerrooasyatem. - *^u™m. ^«,w«iU8y, w
;
T
WITH THE FALLACIES OF MATERIALISM EXPOSED.
I
*|
\
:fj^'..
I
BY A CANADIAN CLERGYMAN.
rRlNTKP BY C. BI
TORONTO:
ACKWTT ROBINSO*!. 5 JORDAN STRErT,
188^.
(!*f!n^
.^f^smens^i^tit
undarjiWtatl •ttmnSTWSJSt iJtHS?' "different 8tim3al^,S^ ?**^*
■timuhu tadiff««wir-.,w -°S!f^J,"**^ ™^ nnder materkl ■Hmni«/5!L.^*?' of nutter
(didiff«KMU lori iftin^M^ TO that epttk wbidh exnlodM « t!^!/ J"?^ ••"9»*^ «o its
»i«Jttrtintliiin«SStt2r*?**""?P''"- "*^**'*^"»«MjrM«ttding
£ ■ *,
t 1
:•■! 'V J. ;
■« ■'-:■'■
iltey^Mi '*iS>;*i»j'ffl*'i^-.«'5fcsiLii!&i:
M>te Mooidiiig toiti
It its iiimiiliu. If
»«>nli»rordiff«ront
a its dwn inbawnt
h« aAtioo of nutter
«^PV baoMse tlie
f«wat from flurt 6t
' may Mam to (rat-
io tlie sttmolu of
B ohamiMU l»wi of
ion Are • train of
lyMoordiog to iti
«en a eompoiition
•»n«^F •epording
* aatnio of man.
•J -oti? in the
Mtinir MMoidinff
orotbttMB^
•. XhemolMola^ >
"P*0tliopobt
?»«^M, iapa^y
ttte pIviiMi „
■Pirit aarfl^ ^
donbttMAy iroold b* .tb« owe wera tb«re any mon uMotu nwrnMn. tu oigHuww an •wvuMa
•U ifaMe in tiMae allli«; «hla U otowly proTed by faota, and vbra «h« tlMw ^• y^y^y^ ^gi'S**
toaet When a-apark Is oommontoatodat one end toattaln of guwowdn wlakb eoinM^|rt^ a
Uaat In a qoarry.loie mserrdr of focoe In ttaia oaae lathe gimpowdar MaeU all along «h« Una. iMtadlnf
bo«h«hetanlnuidtheblaHt.and the aUmnlna ia the apark, UaU the fanpowdaria^si^oded Mane
Aot. thareaarrotar la exhaoated, leaTlng only a realdnani ot dnat; bat if ft wwe VM^tbU Qta« tb«Mm
gunpowder ootid be exidoded aeven! tfmaa in aoooapaUm ere.aU ita vwttclaa were axhanaled o<
ezpioaive power, or that but a fraotion of it oonld b«i exploded at eaoh time, Imirlmi • f^WTJi"
fafiure naaTwe mla^t perbapa have a aomatblng remotAly analogona to the roaevroin of phyilMl forea
in the hnnan booT. .. i
It is now a MmraUy adndtted fact, that aU phyai^ Mtton ia OMTtod oat bT the 00^
tiaaaiaotthebody; inoWrwoida,bythebomingomeCMae. Bofu^enMfiialMdytaeMiMnad.
the tlaane aU or^ the active parte «( it ia the reaerroir. Bo mnehot it la oxidiaod or bmat in aMi
nMleoalara«t; the aahea,ao to apeak, lathe mUeqiilarwaate. and when the aupply of anitabto tlaane
la oriuHiated, the' i eae i' >e i r ia exhanated. . ^^^ ■_ .. «. _i. , _* ,^,. ^^
TheoZuUilitt pnoeai 1« Mt in moUA in eaoh aelat the oentaea. by the attmnlna^ ipirit ae^
-that la. mbltaMfea la the tptA. When moleonlair aotton in Oe aenaory navTaa originatea a* the
extrenaa A the body, It doea ao atm|^y from the atlmiUna of ^er mpleonlar Mtlon., ....
PbyaloloMeal ftwte ahow that thare to a waate rf tta we from IWa OMue In all the^^
In aeUflDTMid tha(a la no aneh waate In any iiartioalar pact aa Wonid
uaiti uuMalllMf apeolal leaei mlra of phjalnai fnmo Ittr all the mat . . _ ^^ ._.^ ^
a. The tne nanvnir at forae In the human body la the aonl, i^^ glTeattie Miliit aUmv
And aptnt aUmutaa ante on tiia matter at the oentraa aa wi td e wi la a r sttmidna aato on fiw a^
apirit attraulua doea not pndeet Itaelf throu^ the oentrea and narraa Into title body Ufcer --*>*<'-
iStoSSledlntoSoonSeJ^^
one aUto of a pond doea not tratal over aU the pond, but PM^bom a rip^dewUph teavda overlt M.
In like mannaor; aaoleenlar attmnloa doea not project ItaaD Into tbe aouL but limply oom mnni« <a t ea
Iteefte e tatotteaoalatthaoa n treaof milon.
^^TtaTdlieovSiMoCeha^i^ ahowthataU aetionlnthe lemttaf vhyaleal
foteaa aaaklnn thetr eaulUbrtam: and that It ia Jnat in the paaaaga of farce from noOKMyunoa to
balaneattaitlotee to mly ean be obtained. In the aame way we oan learn that fibeMnngth ofttw
ftooTto jSTlheSmBg^ ttw pnaaare from non-balanoe to fialanoe: that It Is only by the addlHoa.
«??rl££Mar<)7Siu£irol aomeSd^
anttblaMitlMtdlBtnrbathtebalanoeiaapirodncworpromoterof physlealaotlon.
^^TAa^UMovwiea of ahemlatry alsoiSow ibat all tbe phyalMl oraanlaatton of homanaaweU as
^^ll^m^l »*tB««i !■ rt«n«Mtiit«<i on the prinolple that ttie ox idati o n of mafter and mp le w da r waite ahaU
awlnHwrnattar of the body inst as In the matter ontalde of It; and that Ih^ovdar to aufea op flw
wisti sanwd Iwr this oxidatton (for aU phyaioal action ayi be a eoow ml iahed onlyby oxldMlMiof
\ tttOi malnlal la betaic eonatantly brought Into the body. OxIdatUm la a gtnanl law In
"- .««.>-; ,^m-t..aStwwiir. "TK^iti^ITSU, ^ntfy,,y^yaaak.ahangoon thecristot
r::i ..
THE RELATIONS
1
.■ :; •
asTwaaM
1 '
1
t : : *
THE SOUL AND THE BODY;
1
,,!
V
■
•
■<^
m:
^^ts^^^-a^muL'^
'rsMlvingltal
„^ —..-J
•implfi
mMftr tt_.
, 7. B to eftea vmmtasiatibmriS\Sl'^ZZ!S?^^ »'• mwy of the wiUMjrr iZ^Z^Si .SS2!f™*» ™
LJS?2!SS'-P«* of the «„d to o« ih. «.*.^ . ^-._ J^ '
i^B=iS^ii^^^gg
\
la it thai b«^SiS«4
VBMy.ta mo^iu.
"•*■■• with the r^
P^of^ gunpowder
!^*Sy««gPowgwto
non kind from oUmt
on* Mt may appMr
Mfcom tha other is
■liMehoftlMmMto
B of this may wiMly
■^•nthavoutlons
•nd nuintiined in
■«t mrtty.
ufearofadtniSSw
wraiTt^
I
t
'O/byoaoSicttila
' ttw pw ae um of
fj^wmMi and of
nni oooMloiuBMii
«riier iLTSv !^r~» "^ S?*5r" V* .•" **»• ^*" o' phjiiologiod nperlflDM.. Mole-
onlir waste i» a epaetant nenlt of moleeiilar aetiM^ and we aU taiow that the deem of
HJri!!J »J^ *• *?****" of the uneoMofame part of ^ sool in earrv^ on theionetioBs of
S!l/tA*5!~S^***" P*^ *>' **»• *>'»* in thinking. feeUn«. or wiffi^aboat t^rwittiS
Mf that do not neeeeiari^intolfe the foSiTof thefody atSf Mtaeh^SSte 3 tiS
hralii alwtyi attends mnoh ttotii^t of any kind. ^^
th. ifih]?* TW f**"**^ ^ ono (tfiM ta, the aoal or body) ean nefir be the work done by
the other. Wie one may do work for the other, but the one can nerer do the work of tS
^S^lSfJSL"^" '"* eonrtitution they would require to be the^wie, andifin natu!
SllS?21S*b?«q'SSd'.**" "^ e^iM by theTeoeerity of the X'^elX^fi."^
^Mu!'l£!!!u^^&^,^S^^ the brain centre noTOr does th« Work of the infnd or
!fflJi„^*5^tte.5*"^' ''"S?*' 1*"^' *"» ^* *<»* ''o* *» *h« mind or spMt>y giTing oat
hSJ?^L21£^»K.!S!^I'SL^J^ v'^^'**??* tMJtwmWewiththesoaliitionofathoaght,
vJK£tt.^.!Ij."w*S?f S?"''V I?"* ** "*T,*" K^^ tnexpression to thelieeVSra
Tou^to the hands; bnt thinking, feeling, or wilUng. are f anetions for whieh ft is •bsoiately
ih. ^w5^ Tl^ Mul do the work of the bnin, any more than the telegraphist esn do
Sirs Sli!i°S"'"'"* ^ ^nnnmiU message eith« to or from hlmsX^The SJrtU
ifttL wSTSaC""'*"": "^ 5"^ others, all deeisiTely «ow that if thought were Io<£^
SJSht I!?jBf^S •* •"• **«|^ ^^ *»»• 8»V nutterj bnt it eaa^be piOTedthS
sSImKi^StLZI^'^L*^^ S^*^' ^'•****' «»• ^ «•»»" of the b«5n is of S
rf «LSS ^?^ T "S?**** 2f ***• w»«>n*»tons oentNs ; thsNfore the brain Is not th« otmb
^S£J'**"* •^^' "i!^ *" *«™» ^'"^ «»• <«i« o* thought Ja^mSt
™«-Sr K "S «<** ** "?«^tipiying examples to show that Se prineiptoflu^MiMdlMUs
ptonontoihddii trne of the w£ole soitf (eonsdousandnnoonsdouTM?tl5Sfr3afi uMu
!i*!i'^- *"*; ^ >^ ^^7 different tUng from the work done by the mattar of the bodr obVmZS
asnnes ai nmnm that a%m «^*i»» ^« «.^tj— i_ x*.. *..*.. » . »»»»«»
WITH THE FALLACIES OF MATERIALISM EXPOSED.
%
V
f-
BY A CANADIAN OLERQYIIAN.
TORONTO:
PRINTtD BY 0. BLAOKBTT ROBINSON, S JORDAN 8TRBST.
1883.
V ta* ' ^^W'
f. •.''■
w
e<lttMS£>S<^J»i m!i iritis^ ^^^ fwMw* Ji NqniNd in additiM to th* pom
••»
«
.
^^^n' '
»
^^^Hc't
, '
\
7
• ^
,^-u 3
\
M wiu B« raqoiTM 10
hi hoij matt b« ntk
m thrdogjb Um bodj,
a diwharfsbj it, Us
not b* «aoi«ntiy dioM
doas Mfft of tho niil
idiModiii UtyiMiion
B, or prodindnc Mtion
iitioiiial or ftutoouitio ;
lonl in tT|ir<nlnfl ili
utio. Tliig POINT of
Biatod with oQOMioiu-
prapor dot/.
JaobMnabrMu^dM.
II fitted to build v^
im of tho oonMioos
gmeiit of tho hooML
1» attOTtkm mainly to
itomatlMaij.orofiti
1 iti own B)oT«n«nti ;
Mumot b* dono Mito.
BOMioiuBiMi and iti
of til* aoaJ, bting in
1 in it» miut take np '
Idition to tha powan
ua in thabaatatata
pail]rilttad,aiaahwfll
andthatalaraaUita
oentea daflnitdj in^ ona partieolar Mrt of tha hrain, it ia batter at onee to do ao. tha
partfeniarpart of the brain, then, which btte phjniotogieal diaeoTary ahowa V> ba tha eantra
of nitton with tha eonadoaa aonl. ia the gny matter of ttie eortioal avbatanoe of the eerabramt
for that thia grey matter or oartioA rabatanoe of the eerebmm ia the i"»y» iH^n * f aaat ol
epnidoiuiieaa, maynow be regarded aa follj eatabUihed by the raaeanhai and axparimanta of
Farrier. Floarana, Volpian, ete.* . *^
^Kie eerelnnim. ^en. ia tiia eantra of onion witti the eonaokma pwt of the aoid. Of the
apaeial atnuhire of tiie whole brain, we may speak mora horeaftar ; ft ia anon^ at praaant to
u"^.?!?^ attention to the faot. lowaU supported by phyiiologieal aeienoe«fhat that pwl of
itealledtheeerebnqiiathaeentreofii^ion with the eonMioasput ^
podtion, aa a^pwt of the brain, at tha top of the ipinal oord. rad with Ullla maaa of body
between it and the exterior worId,--eo that ahort nerve linei, little in the way of other aom*
plieated nerra linee. may aarra to give ft eomittiinieation witti the outer world inaeaing. haarinff.
ate^— pra-emiiientiyqiialiilaBttaa a softaUa eentre of onion with thaeooaolovpvt otW
orfc
Kinjo.
ThmtronithiieerAral eantra to all parte of the bodyand fhMOdttt.anihoiMttaif»
linea are faiown to radiate, whleh axe of that eharaeter whioh aoite tha eonaelotta part of tha
!^rir?™^ *^ if"''^'^* *'*'*^^ lenaory io^reaaiona from the body or &a extarior
nieearabral eentre, or, in other worda, tha aerefaral hemiapharaain t^iehthegMyinttttt
andjheae nerrea meet, are in the form of a hoUow ehdl, and hang oTar tha baaal orrabamial
gan^ and tha t(m of the spinal aorl Hie gntr tnalter oeeo^ the outalda of tUa ahall t
Si?S!!'!!?*2[rf yofa»«SWorigiiiaMng & thagr^matter. aomeoot at aU pointa of tha
ilmar aide of thia hollow ahell, and eonTwging downwarda in the form of a holtoanmw. tha
BWata: whmee both Mndaof narraa paaa thaother ganglia and dSwnwatda throogh tha «5«li
aord, fi>!» «lM7 Mpan^ from thb traet, and apreaHlMnBaelfaa in paira (OMofMMh U^
apa^alfomthabod^. B^ thoa be aaei, that the eoorae of wnw^nS^S 1^
be opward along the aUteani aanaoiy narraa. whiefa thoa riafng fMun tha apttaOhalMBl
■ ad and enter the inner aide of the hdlow ahdl. where that toi5i fli««mw^£g!_S!S
\ ■
t e
Kj wg»a
ana inai a y pi T ^aa
U
, jM — D
Han ta Ihla aaMv. b
e« thU UM* work at* m aiadl bMM«t«a by lis
I. U^y wiU by no OMau gndf m litU* ttea apMl la fHtef ft a sladiAM %m4 mnl^
. ,- " *■•• •• •»•«*• »ka«. la aoaaMnMaf UtU Hmdj, «• w«r« barely a«af« Um« tm
hoa«>« ia««m«Ktioa of Dm laiMi and beat aataUlahad teato of Mi«Ma^ ^M by aaawoa Mua
•«da»lgHja o^ of Um rMMalaf p<*mmn. •.m>M fomUh t^lmM m powatfaHy Mciflr«alory
m «MlWi||la/* laaebM r— p — < m g Um aompUt aakw of aooi aad body
Ifa baltafia. wtoh Jeaaph Cook, UwU .aia«a baa raaahad an «a in whiah tha ■•• Uial will
laaallun tha «il«lM4a of Um aoal oa MiaoUfla gfoaii4a, will oa^ Aav a tifaHln adaaatkw
and bk tgadraaaa of Uial my ••*«•• froai wtikb b« qaoUa.
Tan mm% w Mink, «a varga aloMly on Um Um* «h«i oor baya ia oat loaalar Mhoola
■ay laara. from Um dlrtiaal iMilaMNiy of aMatal aad phy«iologt«al Mlaaaa, ih ^tt mhm fteda*
aiaaUl (aato rMpMllnc "" unUm of loal and body. UiaA Uioy l«ani la ya« aiaarw and dmpl*
•af«MiaUM8abhaU.«ihoolfw«Uiai,«a4andWaaeedoklBookofOod. If a»aUriall«. wlU
Uvetn the fat«»~aa probably II wUl-H •«• lead a. Um barmi and aaaoUiTatod waalaa ol
'•*^**"**» »o* »» Ik* ridi aad wall .«altl rated donaiaa of aaUd^M^
^W^B*r« had any (ear of Bariplora arUooM baiog ortrUirewB by thai oTlha taianaM j
lUfMlhalea^ «e eoa«M to havtac dwaya aoma MiiafacUoa ia baariag one aflar aaoUuTol
lhaaa baadaaia. of raUgloa adding iU taallmony la oondnaalion af a oandar aelaneeu alvaa'
by inapiraUoo, aad laaa iikaly lo ba mlaiindaralood. ■ ' " "' *^
.^Jtl^JH^HJ* "/ *J'^^^ •''•••^. Iba landanay of Um hamaa miad. after ha«tag
obteinad a knowledge of Um farta InTohrad. la to Ion. a Uiaory. Tb. mlad .^ar -Zto
dMptoa U^aory la to daapiaa kaowladga. Wa aonfaM. Uiarafora. to haWag tamJTL^^
-^•l^. aa to Um mode of «Uon balwa-. Um «HU aad U»a bod/TlMl wa ai^
ea^ahU f^Mtera ol UU- work to jadga wbaUiar or not oar Uiaory. ia ia^aral aad WTalX^
-oUjUly boraa ool by Um faal. of aalanea aad of Sadplura. aad^i -ofZu.roa?<i^h
>,iim,. ■■
»««MdpM purl of tbesoSr I^SS ftL^Xow v^~5^^^^^^ ^ "PV^r or
l'^""" illtiil^MiiZ^Tlirrr.rjMllHI^ ■ "PF Moerebwlhmi..
wonld imply ott« ddlnito loonlkm for thTJMMR^ V .^ ^^^^ *^ oooMiooMieu
TlMj mMj„ 'taSSlj d5»ibediMi faSSS .^ "*" ■** ^'*' **« eipeetod, mote than om.
*»«*£i^£^ ««« whioh the
ip||aM» hoKitt alt the omnio mSSttr Iw!r«JSlS?^i*'*u°f**'^<'" ■*>^ I^^Pi^
I own
v fitUMar to pi-
f^UlovwttM
intw^Sno l^twUi ttTlI TST "iT^ «»«)n«>ioiu moI m« tb
•w««&wt:-4heMadK5h£SK3SS^^S^ ** oowdoM OMitr^
iM*«
«t4h Um«o4
■ '"•'• »» ■wkiaf UtaM lr«th« «lMr «• k... Z»^ .ii .i. . ._ '
fort**, w^i
by tmrmiMUm
BiUkai
kM«hii4teflMr /
pwfMtty
/
AUULUTDBA mOOU
M:MM,-.^.^S^'ii
ilckoiiMztahowthAt
^ the "pqr«h«," or
the nnoonaeioiu soul
Mhed nwre linea of
ork ^i^ioh, aooordiog
im or oerabnd hamU-
ore of oooMioiuiieu
rith the nnooiiMioiu
Mted, mora than om.
int bam whioh the
11 the orguts or pwtf
BMiooa wml prepifM
pviVittaMcliain, tad
tie eentree ereete •!!
> praaaiHtij ft rtififHif
wl>iq[>lMtJeeelLiiire
I. Ftom theee cells
oh, in the warde of
r$j oeUohurnuUter)
tin of nerrei whioh
rudaljuoiia whieh
I gan Jhwile Burnt it
le oneonseioaa lonl.
* ooawioiu oentre,
witioaoffhentfaul
■oiu : ^ wmie me perfect oontinaity of erery fibre «l the main line ia reqoired onwuclo
tt. termioM in thecerebram, tiie fibres from the onconvioos centres switchSMTdownweiS
torte^^S.SSrc^tSr.-"^""''"^ «.kedlih.downw«d p«t of the line .tioSS
i« tK??JL??» ?!?**''!? "*?^???,.'P'*' *? ••^ '*»«• *»»«n«<»n«oioas oentre lies oonyenlMitly
tathelineofeonnectionjrith the oerebnun. and wheie *e«etion dependent on thntnSoS
MOOS centra leqairM. from ito chMrscter. to be elwuj* nnder the faSedinte SenSTi
OMisdoosness snd the control of conscious action froi the eerebram.x In ewi; hoJete?
ijere nnconwdoos centres dp not lie conveniently in tlie line of connection^ where t5
action reqoirss to be separate and independent of all oonMioos orersight^ con5>l rf
afferent and efferent nerre lines thronghont. ^^- "MW|«Ma«i
-jJE?*! *2??* nwthod of^nerre distribution appears, tfcon. in the light of physiolodcal
«Sr^i.{S.*fi.*^*5^*'f"P*^u*****'^^ ^''' «dwhae thew are^aient^SdX^
lines which the different centres have respectiTely and ind«iendenUy for their own use tta^
^^ »<»»• tow afferent wdeffwent lii^^ which. passinglSconJou. oS^Sek™
Sb^; 1S^'X^.:^tI **** ^^ '^^. tCough .part of their cours*. to do i^{
tor both parts of the soul. There can be no obstada in tha way of the anconscidas centre
n s rng m so o n o m < w the sa m e ti y eks as the ce r eb ru m ; because, toongh the molecular a cBMa~
used by both should b« even the same in kind, the action from th? unconsoiS wnl to S
•«.*il^^*li^L?!'*!f F*^^ *^* possibly <^iild be adopted lu suoheases as this, Is that of each
Mnire baTiaRltaown indepebdeat ■alt of nerre lines throastaont: thnsrinSead cSlhl m^a hmS
oentres, the lUtoonseiona oantrea coold have their own independent sets Snm»^^lM!S^^^^
c
i — ts^^ T^-> ww — ^M^w vwHWBw wiuu AHiTo auvuT uwu UUIOPOncu
in oompany wtth them, and so aoatter and loeate themsdvss
does not aflCeti
tei£rd'KtfS:s«i8!arn'*aOT^
neoesslty; and m«ir»OT« — «ti£.^ K^^T£a*!ytg.gr?J^S^Jfe!?»!»J^^^ gwnmdrt
OMi in any way oar mexalttieory or principles maintained in this book. ThelsMarA&br
#•
. -- 1 ' I ■■ ■ — — ■■■-^» ^^twm
te IMW »1th a Body ^
a.— iMh N«r^ Mm Miiteiity adsflai te IV Work •Msk MlkM l» paitMl lit Ikii
paH o« iIm M««d wtUi wkiaii tl ts eosaesiai , |«
X. -NnllariUas re^vlrsd la every C««u« el Uatai " " ^
Xl~ l iiiiisi«HfcaOi.>wflfc»pnitaeHfcaieyw<thwhMit>^ewi<it.!!. 9%.
• lOTIOM II.
l.-lfil»«flk*Os>ekra« jV I,
II.~-TW«chl or OoiiMioaan«M d«aMaMral«d t* kc ■• F^mUm sI Ik* 0«ehvM* m
Brain. b«l of Ihe lio«l -A proof of lh« fioal's •!»■*«■» e.
OL—TlM OareknuB the Ei^board of <'^>~ — iitsitnn tiium l».J U-lV^'" 'r ".
aadtkoBe^f ft
W. f k el B fnttko eoafi f t B ry of the for^otes Chapter ..!!!!!.]]!!!! |§
T.— fasts wkleh an explained by tU Th«ry of ihu Work. . . . . . . /...'.,,..... M
TL—BsiaikM o< Phreootofy to the Tb«orT of this Work , . m
Vn^ Ohoetly Po«« oirsr Matter, alt ..' !,
TUL-^Proofti of the Soal'i «iUteMe .' ^....'......!!.. ! m
O. -<]ertain Aiioaatie Priaslples aasaMNj |» pNMm Hm \vii kjlllill lool
andBodj ;; ; ^
X.— RMarks oa the Qofhistrlas of Hniley. Bain, and other HatsrJaHstg , . . . m
-wkUh UMy
^J '•▼•Ution
^•««i Biyk^
• kndkivlew
•re pwfMtly
•oal. 1/ w«
•ork of tkiej
I moots.
\
%^J^^!St,J^L^^^ i -*' J ' ■'it ^' 'i-^
jC^ "
«
(J-.
%"
i
_ W ■™°**™^ •«*«•«»«• "wtof Mrre linM tb«t, ooniMotiiig alone witti tiidr own
inaoBMiou ««itMi,M«inM»Uihnn,uidind«p«ndani^^ Thi«
^^S*r^^ 5S;;^gy--. ?"^ ^ V^ ymp«thetie g«ngM> «nd ttoit other onoonsoioiu
MBtTM BMv W«V«d«il nenra Ifaies braneh oat into the reepiratoiy organs^ heart, uul many
£SiSSUl£:^;cS;sJ^^ »^*^ '>^-
«idnS?Vo^'!iaL2^li^f™^ of ■oahanatni. thai th<7 would
ISSJSSL'SSSS iLi^i.^*'"*^ ttd atoo to be rabieet to the ffoddanoe or
SfjiSMr «» «>.f^ '" •»<»«» ^^©ODMlona and the nnoonfleiotu aonl, aetinTtither at
*5^'*4S?Si"i!?S*"*!"^y ' ^ '°"°^' thai in a aoitable oiganiaatio^ m^ organs ot
2sJt5i!Ss^.rr;?s^:^ «dtorrxent
tobe^^3|t*^^i^
ireiy many oJ«t wh|^. peirfonning fmotienB onder both narte of^ wnl, aeteglit^
■tonhaMowly i»r at different timea. are oonneeted by a doaC set of nerre wSL bo£
th|jo«|tewn and the nneonwriona eentrea^ Thne, aa already shown, all thowOTgSswhiS
send sansnty and toUtional motor nenre lines to the oeiebrim with branohing^3tor«Bd
antomaUo ^oU«exmm^ a* the intenrening oneonaoioos centresrhaf?*t^Sw»frid
^t eunot eiihar pna^i^ or eonTeniently eonneet with both^oentreii by aoM^^m t^
Um n^nttja, ha^e s^piwrta and indeiKm^
fltaHnrtiMr, aa llhsfaattM the manner in whiah the vmriand n^ ^imii qf the bodT thnM
oopnaetod^rti h ttoth^i yts <rf the sonl opaw^ it is i^aj ttot wfata tto W^
!S!lt22?*'.J!r^v'^ »h*^^[«r 5art,the nriokof apin aroliedtothe foot^Su excite
TS^'^IISS!" •* **ia??f ^ •™?~r/^ foot to be wil!drawn,-the oonsdow^S
,al Iha ear^teua manid^ hajtog no toowWgeofwhatis being don; below the pSntS
If!**^.?"^ ■**!!?* ^^ l*M.«*kNf the other centres of^nneonsdoussoSl^
tl»,medBlko Moiigat« ,mesaneepha^ eerdbeUom. and the optio thabmi and corpora iSriato!
i9 their oidar tipwav9 from the q^ eerd to the eerebram.lt haa been ioimd by n^ 9m*^
«d«th«M. that Kri^ Uia «-P«S^aelIon of the nna^Sd^mTalTJlTuS^
eaiphm and eo-ordinalas the action of more organs of the body than it dowalthe oen^
beneath It. yet ^ of ito actions, when initiated, go on aatomatically by a blind sympattwSo
%\
r
kCW^'^^Wi^ "^^Jk^'
one wMi Hhtit own
inotor littes. TUb
other nnoonsoioiu
M, heart, and many
kh«r oataide of the
ra thai th«r noold
to the gaJUhnoe or
itgUM mii^t often,
il, aeting eithar at
an many organs or
the oentree of botii
Aerent aenaory and
Bzdtor and efferent
bloh do^ot reqoiie
me Idndr^thme are
aool, aeting dther
TO lines with both
those organs ^rtddh
lehing ezdtor and
hare th^twofold
e respiratory, ete.,
Moessory fibres to
1 the oeretoom uid
I of t he body thqs —
lower part of the
lie foot ^nll exoite
the oonseions sool
wlow the pdnt of
nseions sool, ids.,
id oorpora striata,
nd by Dr. Ferrier
i asouiding centre
oes at the oentr»
^lind sympathetic
<t w " payene,-' nas awo us sutaDie esnnes. witn me eiaaaes of
nerre ^ whish it leqoires to p r e s stf . take oait ol,— in short, do its own proper work in
nnion with tho body, vis., the affocent ezdtor nems and the efferent motor narres whioh
oonT^ Mtomatio or invdnntaty motion: while also aU those ocgnns of the body that r«qabe
to be altetedfrm both parts of the sool are, M we have seen, eooneeted with.both k^
centres by jmitvUe nanre Unas.
nw experimental r es e a whe s of I>r. Ferrier and othor sdentists aU folly hannoniM with
this theoiy^ , Tha n neonse i ods sool performs all its work antomatieally, and also the eonjNkms
sool gives sa^iession to its emotions, ete., in the eow^tenanee or in the gesture, and does so
mooh of it* work antomatioally or inTolontarily as can be done ; thos leaving the attention
— — ^ — _ ., .i ..*
<> As UtastamtlTe cMtae manner In whloh the flonsoioos wnd will renioiid autonuitioallr. at its ^' W
MnteM. to ttimnlns oo||taf tlumgh the allnent ezottor nwrea. it i« wdllnownST^lUbL ^^
l21SSS.!^ff^!!??2? !?!?2i^''*1'^'^ **'i,^P« ■winit.i&.belanoe its body, or aet vailoarit oMmtwIm^
accgrdtog totbeki nd ofjrtlinQl^on applied V> the oniEMr ends of the afferent nei«or.nOTTee^->«vsa
fTTf ■?** ^Mgy °ffy *^ ebeclntsly imconsetom <rf its own movements. The aUmolaSioa coming
gPP-^'.^yJ'yfay ^ 5'f"£P* "M*" »•»»•■*» *be ceittiee of onion wltti the aneonaoiou son! pro:
dnoM spiri t adPon , which ^ tnm acts on the efferent motor nerves, and makee ikhe'metaiban of the
'*<«^S!l^P<'«2f*^y!L»2^ afmfathy cr Inatlnci
Woe ttie aoUona pndnoed Mr ooiwaid stimwatioa meeisabr ontfcam in all'Saaaa. ' * '
^'^>"x?^?^^ apfilt action did not intirvene at aU betwemtbe flzst aUmidiSrai
mmts^ttehody. BatthemovemantaannotQnlftmmbatvarlafeto,andvetanalwai
with a Uttdof nneooadoas tnatinot and sympathy with the plan and weU-beint of the
(dearly ahewlni the intarventlan of v&trii» nnooasebas aool thns tiSna ei
movonenta or the body^that wooid ntineeaaaarily aneomber and diatract the
cpnaeiona aool in the diaeharge of ita own proper doty; the mioonacioaa dolngitaown
alaooanylng on the movemanta initiated by the conadoaa, wnd reoiiiiln^in aneh Cat
•-t*-" -It mmt than thn aHghtaat ■nnaUlauna. ""— ~— ^ "^ —»«.•«» »-
ii.-^iSlJri.*''" fe.5'5?S^*"*"^ •** *•» "^"^ «* ^ «■■«■ «' «>• *PdT TW«h eonneet by nerve
linaa witt,tte omtreaof the oneonaeioaa aonl alone, or that an isolated firm tte eooseioaSDSss by the
"*****"** *" **" «—*»*»»' tt nt rw i in . that ttw h ala nnlns th e Tarin t ji a n d t he fl tn eaa o f moieime uii in
I n^t ■_
i the move'
I in harmony
iol% thereby
oCfaUthoae
of the
the
*^* .<>iW> g^y***^ by.<b» ajBmnlattco «t^ onterlSta dc the aitonnraeltoc ;
interventlaB between the aUmnlaMen aaf
mc o naeioBa (that ia. ratof reaohof tbeindlvldnal'aconseioaaaeaa).haan•vartbeIeaaafaaera|initlM•
l oi Ufa outer anda oC Vi» aoerant axeltoc nervaaL pi«m the
wd^ttte mpvemeote of a qriritaal ametUng. wUoIl t&n^
IMm &elMvements aeeordingly: that vrntnal somettSag ia the nnaoMBloaseMil. /
xn ereioj e, at weae oentna of the anoonaciona aonl, all Impreaatnna Mwilac fircm the ootalde
^ce vi>ttaetlon,whiahintampMdaeee mrtlewihsr aetlomor movement m the mambenof the
Then may be
however, in which motoeOlar action, laiUatai daewhsMk
ttaroui|hos
^■'^■''•^,;^&£^^is^;s:s^^jrjsss as'^aSfs.rSaj^SLSs
apMtaptlpn can produce mpbcolar actlmi. tt can of oouia aaaifir ngnlata lt7 aai'^ie movemnt „
mM?2SiiS; IS*f J:;:iS5^iS?l2'*i? *• "^ «* tim jtertToaaSi^ modifled^SiSr^nSTb^
■pintaetlon in ita pa wa gB thnongi^the Bneoaacioaa centre. '
The reader la hare referred to the lafiaat and beat physiological woilts on the aarvona syatem.,
•■i.^.jfiui'^'ji'ldi ^m Vtj ii»nitt'.^.'li^''':-a> < r.kt
■ i«^V ii> ' «^ rf i ^
nv
I!l:
iMoM naolM to be allnmiil oat lo u tolMire no put ff the bodj tdlhout neeeMuy een'
nectfcm ; th«, to Inipohw M tilfle sDMe or lBtri««?y ta tt^
IS»fSl! **'^?!S2[i^ ^TJ"^.^ Hr ^ • knnaie or iheiith to tlie eoitne of i^
with the lool (whkli an wntpcakSotgnj etiiitlar«ntte»), where they iMiii would require to
!!P!5!li2L"ff!^ out end pat themeelfei in relntionato one another eoqMponding to the
rd^Ioike wUch tiMj mutein to one another at thebthar "told: lo that the loafeanba id>Ie to
552?^ 2f ^ •*"' t diitiitot baproMion or motion item or to eaeh point reached bjra nerve
f^!irS*****",*°f '*««.««««ffl»pi^il»looldngatanian,niyoptionarre,inoneinipr«e.
lion, would reqoire to oonT» from theretbia of the «7« todurWsfarum e^y point i£^e
mM'i imam, noB^ month, i^ hands, feet, ete.; end at the Mme time erery one of theie
Mints or olJMts most prewrre the^smne relations to one another, as seen at the edrebruni,
^atjOig snrtain at the retina of the eye, otherwise his hands might appear whem his mon^
from ttf ^aSrt^SSd^'!^"^ *" *• "8»°^.*» ^ •»«^ "^^ ^ ^ -^^
<««^;i'JS£'!T2? 15;,^"^*l»njaieofilne flbrasjwhieh streteh oontinuouslv from the
oo^mvdpoii^ of 1^ bo^nUeh they toooh. down the stem of the bundle withidiioh they
™*^.~5?I!*^ tojhaeentwwhsiathey toneh the soul (in the arOToeUnlar matter of whieh
eT«qreentea,eonsefoiu or nneonsflions, is composed), it would be SnpoaaiUe lor the soul, in any
^a^U'S^^U^r^^^"^ *^ **^ impressions belonging to the diflemnt points of th«
Mj disHMt ftomi^ma anottier, whefhar in reoeiving sensory finpressions inward, or in send-
ing motor imjpcaasMaa oatwatd.
guttle spaaa and to g^hnprasaioBa to and from fine points; and if their ooter ends were
y'^^^lSj! yly!!?fi^!!!!^''*gg^ J^ Of the skin or organs of the bodT. it wonM
iTjS°JE!!^"!J!jyg?** "ygy y mef^^JaBa to or from thesa oSms or partsT Bo alao to
save spaw ttMAof barm fa^jp^
ISS?.!? *"*tti???ftf ^v^ ****«^ of a^ to itfstam,naaa alolig the stem Md
X^^'S^iSSZJ^'''^ up and^eoSu^wi^tha
iiaiBnaai;and
Jtmn^MMog^llUNne nai wldek Mlob on ftnn
ipMl.
a)aeL
■•■"•a by the matter of tha ImJ. *i!__^' ' "■ ••••• o" •ool mo ^«r« ««.* <*.' — r.JT' ""^
^ ^ - Aa afomdd iSL. U hi S^ ^ ** *** Indaenee one
Jtt .»' .^i^i'tAj^a^^^^
«noar, or Dody cod,
lont neoeMMiy obn-
thqriroaU raqnin
B oflntnia of aaion
a would Tflqidn to
(IvnOBding totho
■oofouibeidtleto
roMh^d bgrA nwo
«eiitiMMpoiiilior
rvo, IB OM iin]ifM«
erarj point in the
iTwy on* of theM
•t tho odrobmin,
r irhere liis numtti
ber ^ be evident
tinnoaily from the
B irith whioh thev
r niAttcr of whioh
!ortheioal,in«n7
MBt points of the
twud, or in send-
le in Older to tike
ir ooter ends were
>he bod y, it wonid
perte. BoAleoto
I, theie ilne flbree
»iig the Item end
brae in eeeh fibre
nk; forif, yke «
e trunk. Hien the
Willi tho
•na inToinnMiy mouoDs imai tbem They tipflj to the nerveeiaf both pMle of the eonl
(oonMione end nneonedons), but in » ipeiBid manner to tboee of the eoueeioue eonneotinc
with the eerebram. As the nneonseioas soul sots hj en uneonsdons instinot, and the motions
an peihue simpler; the nenre ends may thereiora be fewer in number, and ananoed in
relationB lesi ooneeponding to Huix ends at ike esterior, than are required at the ouSwum.
where thy are aeted on by eonsejousnoss. .
It is also importsnt to notioe, that the nerve oonneetions of the uneonsoious eentres.
whieh SM pasaad by eerehral linen, and attaehed thereto by abort eonneoting fibres, are no
ezeeption to the rule. These oonneeting fibres must bare eontinnity through the eerebral
lines to the eiterior. and be also spread in sufficient numbers at theee eentres to reoreesnt
pnqterly the parte at tiie exterior. -
It is evident that as it would not do to have impressions coming from different pointo of
the body, eonfosed and mixed up together pi the eentrwi • so neither would it do to have dif-
ferent volitional or involuntary motions. eomingfnm the eentres, mixed up together, oonfused
OT fdling to reaeh the partienUur parts of the body which are intended. If I wish to move my
forefinger, I must move only the nerve fibre of the bundle whieh connects with it > .
The degree of nerve eomj^eation, the number of fibres, and the oorreepondence of
relation in the fibre ends at the eentres, will necessarily vary sooMding to the khicl of work
performed by eaeh set of nerves, and that kind of soul centre with whioh they are conneoted.
We have now to show that the foregoing theory of this chapter witti respect to nerve
hnee is in harmony wtth physiologicar facts, and hardly assumee a principle that has not alreadv
been discovered to exist. That the nerve hoee are made up of bundles of very fine fibrw
(most of «^uch are so vpry fine as to be indistinguishable to the naked «ye), and that tiiese
fibres qpraad in the musdee or extremities, and. coming together, pass throng the body in
bundlee or in sheaths, are faete now ao well known that the quotation of physido^eal
teetimony in proof thereof is altogether superfluous. Bespeeting the continmty of^wy
indindual fijire of these nerve Imes. from its point ol location in thu mn.*!— «> ^ wtrtmities of
lieh swltoh on fkom
wen known to be
toe body to its termination in a centre. Dr. Cimaentar si^ve^r" BeA fl]h™.ui«^ y
ttecontmuity uninterruptedly from ite origin to its temdnation without any union with other'
fibres, though bound up closefy with them in the same nerve tfnnk; and there «ti-*Tpg ■
reason to believe, that the white substance of Schwan serves as an insuktori wheteby i^ «
uee or, cylinders of the contiguous nerve fibres are kept apart fkom one another, just as are
the numerous wiree, eadi havmg its own origin and terminathm, whieh are bound up together
in the aerial cable of the district telegraph." It is ftnmd that if even one fins fibre oooneet.
mg with a i|erve line be severed in any part of its course, the soul immediately loses all'
nower of sensation or of motion over that point of the body with which it conneeto : this fa^ ^
shows that the soul must have had distinct communication through that particular flbie.
'oudwwkof the
other matter and
alter of Us body.
>ody. and be Me-
i its volittonscr
•<*• im^eedoas
*« or ^irit ; in
iafluanetog one
w iodaenee one
•Pirit aetioB to
and the matter
M^^piodue
*^- •••h would
sf toe Seal «m
.J . Id
J**""* **•• mole-
•• "tbel
'^ **.'"Imm, ia towasetloo with ib» prece din g pronoeitkm *k«* tu^ tuiAm^ i,.*-,, ,
h!??l?J^ •^ • *"?^. '••pWt action, the other Ulfis moleeular action ; and the one
bd( most no sooner trembb with the tread of a thought spiritually, than thSoim^M
JembU moUoUjuj^ ; or if the one half tremble s»oS5ar5^ iom2t tSTofil^tSff
And ss this must be the bridge betwern the body and theeoueions nartol thT-SL-^dE;
murtlt be ths bridge between the body and the ticonsstoLwJTtlffSj. tuSi tokfc
to»both. andactton of theone Undmustnevsktakaplase InffoIehaU^t^ b^^
t'i
ij.
»a 1,^4- -^^^v •
psMdng MMbnd mhw liacM, an no noeptioh to theie goneral ndM, •■ MMh ia lound to be
nqntUiKl with ft number of &M flbvM, -^
n. L«tiunezt«dd,thitin«initablaorg»idza*fa»,in<»rd6rth«tBpM«nU7be60ononus«d
in tho body and nnnaeaaaaiy oompUdty aToided, all the aflenot lanaoiy or exdtor nerves
whioh biing in intj^esaiont from, in other wbrds, ezerdae minrdUanoe over, a partieoUur organ
or part of the body, ihonld oome together and nnito in their paesage to the oentrei, with the
bundle or iheath of efferent ToUtional or inTolontaiy nerves whieh give motions to that organ
ornart of the bodj. Stating this prindple in other language, those nerves givinjg motions
ana those nerves ezereising sorveillanoe over the same motions, whieh terminato in the same
loealities at their outward extremities and whieh eome to the same oentres, maj properlj oome
together and nnito in the sam^bondle or sheaUi ih their passage thimigh ttie body. This
pmeiple leaves the^eommnnieation through eaeh distinet, and properly eeonomises room.
Physiologiflal soienoe shows that this prindple is verified in the eonstroction of the nerve
linee. ThoSr in evory pair of nerves leaving the ninal eord, we find a motor line having ito
rooiin the anteri<» of the eord, and a sensory line having ito root in the posterior of the oord,
both oomiDg together, and in the same sheath traviarsing through the body to the organ at
their eztremitiee with whidi thay eonneet. The game prindple in « general way holds tme
of nerve lines terminating in the eerobrnm and other oentres, and/havinflr to deal with the
same orpmsiat the exterior.
IQ. Let ns ilso observe, that in a suitable organiiution the afferent sensory on; e^tor
nerves and the efferent motor nerves wliieh terminato in the same loeality of the ezteftor
organ or part of the body, need not neeeasaiily terminato in the same toMliiy of the eentro
to whidi they eome. Baeh set of nervee, to keep their own impressions or work distinct,
would neoessarily reqoiro a cUfferent plaoe. Thero is no need that the oentres shonid be a
typiaal or/oe timme represen toti o n of the exterior parto of the body.
" fo^ii r
T h e pri neij
. . it t on i s mij mas t ra te d by phy s tologi e al f aet . Dr.
Fertier's experimMital reseaiehes show that the areas in the eerebnim oooapied by the nerves
oi sense, are different areas from those ooeapied by the nerves of volition. The same fast
jMdds true of the mib-eranial and other aneonsdou eenfares.
0* ol the epiriloal and phy.ieal ni„Te^^^" ^* *»•*•«»«?*«» ^y the Creator ia the
CHAPTER IV.
S^i^ C^ ^ ,;^ ^^^ ,^ ^., ,,^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^
.*Uon in the other riri^iiirXnS^^^^ »*»* P"***"-- -o-a* kind^
•daptation in the body. soaskTSn it of i^i^ -5°".** *"»• •P«»i*> organisation ai3
aaUse the bo^y be snltolS forawS L/hV> ^ •nffldently intimate for thtoWpoMT F«
toUow that dS. nMilSVSn!!^!^^:,^''^ Vl^ org-istioo. it woSdSSssSS
might dwdl to aJpas. tJ-^irriliaif Su^to^S^on^' l^iSH^^' ^^^'
•Jjtod by it. Thas. we find this prindple to be^ SSL?^'?'^ *' "•*»" «' »»•
•I»rial organisatton is destroyed by death bodT^^ JS I^f *7 '•otTfof whenever this
•ool passes through the bo^y Go iotKr '.SSe^^.^fiiT* *^~* <»• •»«»»«»«. •»<! the
"*; if-T-T^^^^^ ^^fers^ "^ •"*" "^-ito«:tSi2°s
I
111
1
Mh ia lound to be
oitj be 60otu>mis«d
or exeitor nerves
Apertieakr organ
I oentrei, with the
ions to tiwt organ
M giving motions
lini^ in the seme
naj prqperlj come
ittie body. This
Qomises room,
lotion of the nerve
i(or line having its
iteribr of the oord,
dy to the organ «.t
ral way holds tme
fftodealirith the
sensory on; e^tnr
ity of tiie eztcfior
■iity of the eehtre
or work distineti
atres should be a
>logi e al f ast , Dir.
;>ied by the nerves
t. The same faot
tm^Mtmtfmtjt w ■■■ « ■■ «««,■■■ nHU^ mmvw mm tM» mum ^t^muiM^ Wliyiw ■, HHy nvw DV HMOrmUl' WSaiW.
Of eonrse wo do not mean to i^y that the disoovMriae of ptmlology hate as y«l thrown the
eleaiest Ui^t on evsiything triiieh may be Involvad in this theory; but we have aasomed no
important nhyskdogieal j^^iei^ whioh e«n really be said to be in advaneeof diseoveted teet.
The pfayiddogy of the Mntrte of the body wfaieh lusite with the eod thsn shows ns that
eaeh eentM is eon^posed of two sobstanees, vis., grey eeUnlat matt«r and perve ends; tiie inrt
snbstaaoe is of a gnfy eoloar, senii.transpaieiiit, pulpy, and eonsisting of e^ or vesides flUed
with graimUv matter ; the seeond sobstanee, white, x^aqve, and dMiSf , wideh ftems the krasr
portion of the eentres, is eomposed v^oUy of the finest nsrve flbres, wliiah spread tdnrat every,
where and teraiinate their ends iitt the grey oellt. Dr. Owmenter thinks that eaeh Utee
terminatas in a gr^y eelL These fibres are so fine aa to be iavldble to the naked «ye, thooA
pereeptible to the mioroseope. It is alao agreed that aU Mrte movements (oatward or inward)
originate or teradnate in the grqreelhdar snbstanee^ and that the seat of eonseioosnest al
the eentre ^bere it is loeatod mnst be s<»Mirh«re.ai the point whtn tiie nerve movemants
orif^nate and terminate^
The researohea of Dr. Ferrier and others now also show, almost beyond a doabt, that the
esntre at wkieh eraudoasnass is loeated is the eerebram, and that all the other eentiea are
simpbr the seats of nneonsekms or antoniatio aotioa ; in other wwds, thase leseatehes prove
that, the oerebmm is Mm emtre of vnion with the eonseioas part of the soul, and thi^ all the
Other eentrea are eentres of onion with the onoonseioas part of the sonl. (See Ferriar's
^FoiietionsoftheBaain.'') ^ -"i-rB
Bene* then, we have^ physkriogioaUy, the fondanental faeta essential to oar Uieory* The
gray eellakr aabetanee ia that niMrein. in a speoial sense, the sool dwell8--in other words,
inhensoroniteswith; and the white deMe mass of nerve flbrae wUeh makes np the rest of
the eentre, and wfaieh tooehes the soul in every eomar of the gr^ eelhdar sabstanea, i« the
great keyboard of all the nwve Mne s ^ oatwyd and towarj^ wiiwety the sool. as iterator, keeps
up eomnraaleattott with all puta of the body and with the ootdde wMld.
This grey eeUahv sobstanee is eomnum to all the eenteest and aU eonseioos or vital
aetivttv onqoaatiflnably eaunates from it and ita nerve sttds.*
,. That ^ sool mimosa tha sobstanee of the grey sells for other parposea«lse than ttal
of stadet inhabitation, or only a* a seat on whioh to fsee and tooohihe k<ybo»rd of nerves, is
not at aU improbable. Bool inhering in this matter, present in every part of the matter, and
to tho matter tooehing evei7 Jlna Aim tad in the ke yboard, may find the grey edlohtf matter
-.^wtyyy todgd ■•y.wP M > rt [ ^l e that the soul sheald always ehoose its speeial points of naien
gb^Uin«QB«ie body a* first tram the VtoiSiwtarcr In regnlatlng Ua^SiMoatiMnSSSaSm^
'X-
a* proposiitoni"
ologioaJ MieoM
• Crsalor ia the
I rtqutrtd.
nalars so olose
•ome kind of
taoisation and
Vorfom. For,
old neeessarily
of the body, it
I matter or be
whenever this
other, and the
Uie dead have
tohaveeertain
*oal, and soob
MthedUrsNot
or the longs
iaptadon that
Mrtainpoin|s
l>le eentres df
iMd ae to be
ily aeeeeeary
M pentres of
the one en d . aa d for oonTeving end prodadof this moleeolar aetioa In the laaaolM or parts
of the body at the oUier •od ; and in the other kind, there most be thai adeptetioa whieb (Its
it for reeeivinc its own moleealar eetion from the material or moleeolar aotion of the parte or
eatremee of the body, as, for inataooe, the prieklng of a needle,— and for eooTeylnf raoh
moleealar aetion a« will snitably prodoee spirit aelion al the eentree of anion with the Mral at
/ the other end.
- Phyiiologieal Mienee, then, withoot a tingle dlMorJanee showe ouMt dietinetly that the
koman bodv is faUy provided with these two speeiallv adapted nerve Unee of eonneelion belwe«
all parte of the body and iu eentres of anion with the sool,— and that eaeh ^<i >d ie folly
iltled for the work whieh it has to perform both in 0onveyin| its own kind of moleealar
aetion. and aleo in airing and reeeiving lie own proper atimolos M aetlon to or from — -"'ttn lar
or spirit aetion at either end.
The nerve lines, thMi, whieh transmit im pr ea si one or molseolar aetion from the varioos
parte of the bodv to the eentree, are eaUed taMhe later physiologiste the Afrerent qt Sensory
Msrvee : eome aLio oall them the Exeitor Nervee, beeaase they aselte aetion at the eentree froat
the outside. ^ * "
And those nerve Unee whieh traiismit niotor or moleealar aetion from the eentree to the
moaetoe and varioos parte of the body, are oalled by physiologists the Effet^t or Motor Mervea.
• AttphyalobMiels ame m Mm brala beine the aaat of ooaeeioaaaeas. Oarpentar and Loasel.
however, ftaeklll. looebd Inthe M Men«^ or bCtl H|pglie; bat VenlerTtoareBs, vSpSa
•!«., by e vaet emoant of Irrefreceble •Tldenoe, have ^learlfprovwl it lobe loeated inlSe oetebrJ
bemuplieraei
^Ian«trd to the oeatras of anoooaotoos hiteraetion, phyitolofloal leatimoay la fananUy qnlle
t See on thla aabieet, Ferrter'a "roAottoaa of the Brain." OarBenlea'a " Komao Phvsiolocv "m
other Ule flrat^leaa work on the hamaa nervooa ayatem. » j-«-»iw. w
•uy
*#'•■■'
I
;
*:
.?i
L »!.■.-
"iSL-hl^^mtsait^iik: •,
. 'ir
■1.
!!
■.. t*
11
__ jiauMMrvaaiUHHMoaninaoi anionwMiwiBirafaar wuua«iua0xiram»
of ^bodji ii in fiittl hvmooy iriOi d^vored phTiiolflgiMa fMta.' W« ahdlnow add • law
othan, whioh land atUl lailhar to aonflrni it. Thia paavUar ootaatitation of tbe^oantiM, #hiab
vsi!^em in agraatar or la«i dagraa to all tiw aoatns of ni^on with the aonl, ia.tto doabt moat
oat^Mtly obaenvbla ia tiM aaaalmiin. '
Than ia nothinc n«w in tha laet thai aft« tha aaipiitatioB xAm lag, foi hutanaa, th#
eonaaionaiiaaa aoatinaaa to lafar tha pain, aauaad hj tha antting ol tM nerraa, to the toaa and
varieoa Mrta of thrtoot, joat aa ba^ire the zamoval of the limb ; thia iaet diowa tliat th»
narra anda in^ aarateom aoatain a aartain definite and eonaaponding xalation to thoaa in
^ha toaa and loot ; nor ia it fonnd that thia ndatkm arer ahaagea to the eonaeioaanaaa on any
anbaataant inritation of the nanre anda. The aama prinApla appliaa in the aaae of all tii»
other maoiibara of tha body and their Tanooa parte. Evatv toe. anger, ato., muat therefore
' hare ita oorraaponding nerve enda in the eerebroqi in definite and joat ralationa before tho
eonaeioaanaaa.''
> Tlie laaponaiva anhnnatitf^aetlon of the nneooieioaa eoitraa in aaaaa of anipatatio&
parallel to tha foregoing, ahowa tiiat tha aaaaa prinaipleol aorreapondaat narvtf relatioa alao
ap^iaa to a oartala extent in thaee eentrea. (See also Ferriar'a azparimaota on anifiiala
divaiAed of tbaewobram— " Fonationa of the Brain.")
Again, it if well known that the nnre flbrea of both Unda — aenaocy and motor-«radlato
in immenae nanbera ftrom the optio thiJami and eorpiMra atriata, and entering the hollow aid*
of the eerobram, apread thamaelTaa in all diraetiona in eontaet with tha grey eellnlar matter
whieh oompoeea the oater aide of it. Dr. Farrier (aae *' Fonetiona of tiie Brain !') haa beao
> able to map oat a large p&rtion of tiie eanbram or aknll (in a maimer r eaam bll^g a phreno-
logieal ehart), and to ahow Taiy definitely a large nnmbarof the amaa pertaining to the nerraa
of tha dilterent aanaea and the differaot parte ol the body. In Uka mannar ha ^ aatahliahod
a large aomber of tha araaa pertaining to the volitional nerraa. Baah elaaa of aanaory nervea
and aaeh elaaa of volitional narvae haa ita oim apeeial loeation. The right haaaiaphare of th»
• oaMbrsai partaiaa to tha left aid* ol the body, and tha left hamiai^iare to tha li^i*.
Botwhatiiatpraaant apaeiallyipqMntaattonotiQaiathadiaooTaiiaa ol FarriaraMi tha
iMta, ttwt tha OKteBt of area oaeivM by aaah ahMa of niarvea ia yeryeoBaidaaabto, thai
diferent pointa in aaah area relate to diflarant parte «l the body, and that the aoattared aada
of the aervaa ie aoatain ralationa eofraapondiog tothoee of ttaeir exterior to all the extent
whieh wa alaim ta be aaaaaaary. (Ferriar'a "Funaliona of the Anain.")
TIM axpartaiiaBta of Fenriar, Oarviile, Oaret, eto., <m tha aab-enintal and other nnaon-
soioas eantiaa, alao ahow that the aama general prineiplea whieh wa have baiwi referring iti
or a divaraat aort li «nnu -^» T ^^ ■para wbJoh exDlodM it t# a iT jT' "••""■•og to Ita
1 1
lrj<
£aif tha-atiSSi^^ ^^
tUI the instant that it ioii«Jiir«^ 7rf° ^ '"•y ■»•▼• my hand • a i. «-- . i_.. j^
"» ^'~ •oouaaniealaa
Mina vnromw
Ulnow add* few
lie^OMitiin,#bieb.
ia.lio doabt most
tai butaaa; th*
«, to the toM and
t diows that tb»
latioo to thoaa in
lekmniMM on anj
10 flaw of all tii»
I., matt thanfora
ationa befor* th»
M of ampntatkm.
arvtf nlatioa alao
gats on anUaals
d motar-^^radiato
ig tlM iioUow nd»
By flallolar matter
3nin!> baa been
tmbliag a phrano-
ningtothanarraa
lie hM9 eatabliahed
of aenaory nerrea
baniaphfln of tbe
ari^il.
ol Fflrriartte the
MMMidMNibte, thai
die aoattered eada
to ail the extent
mi other vnoon*
beivi refarring tor
— L.^
•won <a the eonaeiolu aool in both degreea affeoted by moleealar aetidn in the
^^ere may be n Una of moleealar aation and eonunnnioation going on in the eawbn u n thai
•Ifeeta the eonaeio n an e aB only to a ktent degree ; bat a eommanieation of ntraaaal natnie ot
ii^mat no adoner eomaato the latent eoMdooaneea from the eerahmm than the foil flood
U9» of Mtive oonaeioaaneaa or attention flaahea iqp to it ; and the eommniiieation bonie to
the aool Mntre on the ^nga of moleonlar aation. at ooea beoomee the anl^eet of aetive thooght.
faeHng, and toUtioQ. Thoa the oonaaioaa eoal, dwalUng in hia palaee of gr*y oella, with ite
^r^ ^ narreflbraa all aroand and ereiywhara tooaUng him, ia ovw fiSly informed of all
Sf*.*"*??^ *■ ^ Magdom, and exeeotea Ua trary wiah in ita iwnotaat Mmeia nifhont
■teing from tta aaat. InjKHiahielon, let oa repeat haw iriwt haa in ^wriooa wayt been atated
before, that the aool dwella in eirery othor part of the body ai veU ae at thaw watr«». The
■OTl ^•9»«^rM«»; dwella hi aU the body ; bat the porta of it thatlp a apeeial aonw afe in
ff"T^.^*^^''*"***«~««»»'^' TheaoriiaonewhoKdw^Uiagthroaghoatthe
r*YJ °^J^ ""^ '"^ eertain phMM of intaraotive m^n with the bdd|y, and they are thaw
eentrea. Whan the bonda of intotaotife anion at thaw eentrw are roptared, daath anaoaa
and the wbole aoal laatea. -r >-»
0HAPT8BXL
BOatUm of the 0^iitre$ to thetr Partt of the Soul.
1. Aoeording to the foregoing theory of a aoitaUe organiiation, H wonld efidently than
M an emnr to ioppow that beoanw the dilTarent parte of the eelefanim have different ofllow
and work, and oonoeot with the eonaeioaa aoal at different po^te ii^ the eerebram, thaitiiere*
fore the eonadooa wol ia diirided ooiraapmidingly into different parte, with dBoM aiA work
«orrenonding to thow parte (tf the earabram with iHiieh they oonneot. ' ^
The eonaeioaa aoal ia one whole, performing all ite fanetiona aajoneandivided whole: and
any part of it ia eapable of doing what may be done \ij the whole (aw " Deaeriptkm of the
^wnaeiana Boal," at the oomineneemaalt of thia work); and therefore the parte of ^heeeiebrain
areorganiied'Withaview to their oonTanienw to the parte of the body, and not with a viewlo
sheir eonTenienw to the parte of the eonaeioaa aoal at alL The eerebral k^board reqoiiea
*■
I aaaordiiif to ita
te ttUBaJaa. U
liiar or difftrtai
l« own hbiram
MtioQ of matter
ply bMaoM the
at from thai of
*J •••■ to «!.-
^ -timoJaa of
Mmiaal lava of
> flra • tnln of
^**>^iaf to ita
'••ompodlioB
ualy aeaordiag
lataie of maa
••• «f to the
••tt9« in the
MM nerve UiMa
Aiag aeeatdiiig
*«• noleeahv '
; »««»• point
I'M. la poroly
^Madintha
> P^yateal or
IritaeitSnt
• PbyaiaiU or
omaaaiitea^M
dartef
I
1
itt
lom* phraaoilogiiti, eome dixMilj in ths tMlh of <mr ablert jhjAtHopa^ who fraakiv eonUM,
that ihoa^ «£» oaa find at thtM onttM an orgaaiiation and pajla raitabk for tha tnna-
miadon of iflttaonr or ouitor iapraalotta inward.'aiid tha tranmiaakm of motor impraaaiona
ontwaid. thfff aia nniJi&to dataet in tha oanbn^ or oth«r aantraa any mataiial or^nliMon
oonaaponding to a aini^ fonotion of tha mind'Or aooL Hera Oarpcntar, FcRiar, Loomis, ate.,
laiaht f\\ ba anotad. '
S/]:4urtl7. aocyiMbg to thia thaoary/than, tha offiea or tha work parforBMd 1» th^eerabra^
and tha othar e^itraa ia qoita diffarent and' diatinot from tha oiBoa or tha work pMormad by
tiia aonl: and ao at tha oarabnim and thaaa oentiaa, whara all organiiation of matter anda,
mattar and itawork anda, and aool and ita work iMgina. Thia lathe taaehing of oonmioik
aanae, and it iaalMjdainly tha taaahhkg of physiology. ^ . ^, ^ ^_^^ , .
. Wa find tha work^Oa eecahrmn and tha othar aantraa^ aaah of whieh oonaiata aimply of
a aonl aaat and a kayboard, to ba poialy and aimply that of oommiuiiMtion batwaan tha aonl
and tha body. Thiy have no oth«r parte and thM' htm no othar work. Tha a«rabram is thna
tha madiom of eommonieatkm batwata tha oonBdooa aool and tha body, whoraby tha aonaauma
aonl giy«a ont or raoaivaa impraaaiona from tha body and doaa nothing alaarjaataaaMagrMih
. apparatoa ia tha medium' of eommauiealioo between tha qprator and tha outaida worid. Ihia
ia ite work, and ita whoUkwork. It haa nothing jp oommon with the aool, and it does nothing
in oommon with the aonl It has nothing to do with thought, fading, or raaohition ; thaaa
things bdong to the soal. Henee any assertions of phienologisto at natoralisto that would
^mply anything oontraiy to these mino^lea are utterfy ranrioas; and ofary ^tempt to traoe
/in tha eereCram (or in any part of the bmin) an organiaatlon eonesponding to^iaiof thon^t,
' faeUng, eonsdenee, eto., wfll prove absolatdy abortiTe. ItJi the eandid aeknowledgment of
aU phydologirts that no audi orguization ean be foond. Hertall mental and physiologieai
— a eianae. and e o mmon ae ns^ tak e th e s am e sid l» . Phyriologie a l f ac ta s h o w th a t the dense m a iw
of white flbrea and the gray esUolar matter are both organised for simple material fonetimu ;
and jost as we lose aQ material organization among the grey cells, aool and ite work begins.
01 the tfgaalMti^ or work d( the sool^ physiology roTeals nothing.
aHloii M««««JlMd or M
— }m *oX:U With nSi,a^i:r!l5?^^ .•••••«— um
U-
i >
•r* l«
•»«HI ttvm .,
Bill • ri_ •T.
oim»
^F.. af M«4irv«M.
ia vkMi M«|| of thmnt m^a
Ji5P'M*« inpnilM or taptaMMMi. m^A iii .»>'': T r— " "" —^ •«• oo.
bll»4 aattor oalMa br lto^i«.£h!7^ *5?* • 4*»'w»l»« or mi — »..>.;? *"• »?°y T"?"** f«>w«r to
spiniMMoa la I
iatolUfnM.vte.
■M**iaiaiiwtv««
•ad totdlSMl lUrt JTSl-Mi!?' »•••«• »«i bMi
tkla
of
BiikiyeoniMS,.
lor tb« tmis>
I otgjtnintioa
LooiiUb, ale.,
ili«eer«bnu»
pMiormedl^
matter anda,
g of oommoik
dita Bimply of
VMn the aool
BbmmiaihiM
tlia eonaeioaa
Mfttalagraph
iworid. Thia
t doea nokhinir
ihitioa; thaaa
ita ihat wonld
tempt to traoe
latof tiiooi^t,
twladgmant of
phjaiologiai^
he denaa maiw
ial fonotioiia;
work begiiu.
I npMea indoaad t^ the linaa attrronnd-
i r«Dd ■
tion. ___ _-™ — : ,
ing D Mid I, and by tha dotted linea around V
tmi H \foaiitMa F and H being farther in from
the oatir aiurfaee of the eerebrom), repraaami ap-
projdniatelj the araaa or eeatraa of the aaaaaa.
The qpeee (B) at tho tqp of the head indndaa
the araaa wliioh eonimand ToUtional mo^WBanta
of the arma, laga, handa, etc.; apaoe (▲)• aoTOh
menta of the head and eyaa; (0) moTements of the month, Upa and tongue. (D) ia th* area
or oentie of viaion ; (I) of hearing ; (P), aurrounded bj dotted linaa. repreaenta the two araaa lb
of taate and ameU ; and (H), alao aorronnded by dotted linea, repreaenta the area o^aetoal
aenaation or touoh. (B), the anterior .or frontal apaee, la regarded by Fender aa alao mdnly
a eentre of motiona. largely of the inhibitory aort; (J), the poaterior apaee, he eonalndea, from m
the raaolt of oertain ezpflrimenta, to be the eentre of the aanae of honger, ete. .
Both hemispherea are ezaetly alike, witii the aame oentraa of aanae aiul motimi ooeopying
relatively the aame areas. Eaeh hemisphere pertaina to the oppkaite side of the bo^ ; the
poaterior and lower parte of the oaNbram belong largely to the aenaaa, and the anterior and
upper parte lai»ely to Tolition. ■ _ , . ^, . -_. __ „ '
Thne are eertain parta of the poaterior the fdnotiona of whieh Farrier waa nn^le to
determine, aa he ooidd obtain no reanlts from <dt]iar the electrode or the other means tried by ^|_
him. He had alao no better snoeeaa in regard to the frontal or anterior portion of ttie eerebrmn. "
It is evident, however, that the front befonga largdy to the Tolition", m • very large nnmfcar
of eflennt motor nervee pata from thia region to the ewpora striata, downward tothe body.
Beeanae Ferrier waa nnable to atimnkte theee nearvee in the tnai of ^.yg^i''' ^^™f j*^
of motor nervea to bo krgely of the inhibitory kind, that ia, of a Und to restrain and tegnbte
the motions instituted at otter eentraa. It would appear tiiat narvaa of thia Mnd an uaad at
otiier plaees. and we are not aware of any unf eaaiblaneaa inJifcr auppoaltion, as Wl^effereot ^
nerves of the body seem to aet, reaat and reatrain one aaother'a motion with tMTkind of
complex action. Perrier oddly enough (in a materialUtie way) hinta that these rferjnt frontal
nerves may be the nerves of attention, or aire in aome way apedally eonneeted with ^teUi-
gence. We can aee no reason for apeelally locating the attention in thia quarter more than in
any otiier. Any of the sensea have aa much to do witii the attention .or intelligenee aa the
areaa and nervea of inhibitory motion. The frontal part of the nerve keyboard mar. however, ;
be, and very lil^ is, that pcvtion whieh ia set apart for the finer manipulatinns of mtelligenee
in controlling or sending forth the m<ne subtte movamenta of the body. There is nothing,
,jfr
%
M M« ISA, ,
tmm u>« o4li«r i«
* Uila aMjr wiastr
M« Ul« VOll«i4Mll
i4 malauiacd la
if IIH<lM
•lar^adaitMiui
f»Ma, tor witioh
e-eoiiire.
*Jh««>OMlOM
I wul oaoM Um
ia b«UdlM«p
•■4ownMBla.
'}7
the
•rt^ :. . . il littie ol what tmii*m mUob ntal
Tua prapoantM al*) tmllf a no rd a with dl ih« t^U of phv^otd«Uel smrlsnse Mela.
Mllilikl^^T ^ "' *^: "^J '" ^»""k'»«. hmlinm, or .Ulio« »hani Uiin<. Ithin
NMII Ibel 4o no« n«*wU7 tnvolw Ui« fanattooa ol Ih. body •! all ||«il| wmm of
Inte always allMkla mtu>h Uum^l of eay kind ^^
*" J?* ^ *«»«^>y Uie CM (Ihat ia. the mqI or body) saa aevtv ha
..LirJlrltl!' '"^ ««^»«»*«i tho, woaM f»,olro to b« tho saiM , and if ia nataf
wooid'^S'lj'bXTSi.*^ mik- ea^ed by lb. no—ily of »h. on. bolpln. »h. oU..r
-w Jt*;i.'fi.r*"Z!n **"_.T*** •** **•• '*»*» •«»" ■•'•' doaa the work of Uie aind or
■VMt ia iWnkta, fWoIing. wilUof. ele.: bat it doaa work for the miad or spirit by fivSToot
oolttld thinking, leeling. or wdliaf. era foaatiooa for whloh it is abaolat4y
Ik. ^^^1^ TV^ *^.^.*^ work of Uie brain, any mora than Uia telegraphiat can do
2iri iii' '"S""** "»^ tranwnlta maaaafaa either to or from himsff tSwwT
f!^? °I i'wrtMourwi., ud many others, all deelaively s«ow that if Uioaght ware Seated
3tt^ Vi^SZl^^, "*• aajooeeloa. eentraa ; therefore the brain is not Um organ
^Sfir*. ^^s **•• ■•**."" ** •«»•«>•»•« batween the onan of thought and Uie boff^
»«J5S1 11^ "r* ''7 »«»»n*»f «~»P»- »o -bow that iKVinol^^^aintalSi iathia
mo^ h«^ irw of the w^ole wml (eouMiiou. and uaeon«riouV). anrUi7<iDrralated maS»
^.Sti^. i" "?"'•?«•«»«"»- it. The work done )n tiie uneoneetoue aoul in imMrtina
IJ^^*!!?'"*.' •• • '^ different Uihig from the work dooe ^ the matter of tiMbo£ eZ^MMSs
tKsTrf maSSS'^fei, iti'fS* i.***^'" *^ ^I '^'•* P««Ul^«a- dlatinel from
!h^ Z^SS ^**°" **".* ®' *^*^' ^^ "»• "PW* ••««» •» »»»• •-♦ws eeaaa at death.
^ 4'^,"**^H!i ••^ ••*»• ^^ *«»k done by sp&it and by matter ia dlir«ot and thS
omtiiotion b different. There U noU.l«g in U,/««Snl«»tlorofttnrSn7te!^^
\':
'4
•v.
foraMT woold pidbitbly indioaU gool poiran in ths latter, for iris the Mol tluil^ilds the
kiflMMd to rait iteelf, and not the k^boMd thitt oNAlee the eool-t . . .'^ ^ ^^
To jadt«b then, of haxsMi dunoter from the heed if not eltogether Amuw. for no doabt
hn thie waj the eonieioas Mai doee give Mme of ite ebereeter to the heed. Goneeiotie aonl
■eeted on Ue throne of giey eelle, iA&. kntttj point in that veet keyboard of nerves under its
tonah of inteUigenee, dwells in a palaoe of mattw. whieh, devdoped eapadoosly upward, out'
waid and forward, gifea an air of dignitj and inteUigenoe to tha whole eraniom.
OHAPTBB n.
ProofM that Thought or Coiueioiune$$ U no Function of the Cerebrum or Brain, biU of an
indwelling Contcioue Soul— A Proof of the SouPe exietenee.
I. It is daarlj den^nstrable, on the grounds of the lajke physiologieal diseoveries ot Dr.
Ferriar and others, that eonsoionsness or thooj^t, feeling anil volition, are no funetions of
any part of the earebrum or brain, and that these funetions must be performed I7 a eonsdous
^11 dwelling in the oerebruia. This may be regerded aa an argument in proof of ttie ezistenee
the soul, and aUMsiiied as the ilrst of those tW follow at a later pliM in this work.}
1. It will be admitted m onoe, on the grounds furnished by the latest physiologiflal
diaeo^iisa, that tlMM aro just only two substaneea in the eerabnim or brain that ean posdUj
in any way ba i alatad to thought, feeling or e o nsehmsn e sa, ot that, in otti e r word s , ea n po ssibl y
be aoaosired of as sapabla ol oonseiouaness or thoui^t ai^ feeUng, namely, the nsEves and
« Osipeaternmids both Itaa anterior aad posterior parik of the eerebnim aa additlona paoQliar
only to the houiaa Drain.
t Wesaa no reason to suppose that the oonsetou and the unootuetoas soul may not have some
po w er s in oommon.
1 It murt bemanlfert to any reader of Oarpent#r wd Pteler, even mode»tely aoouatot^
the mental and monl oonitltiitlon of the hamaa mind, tan* the pavcholoi^al appllwUon ctf muy
iSvSdlMSeal phenomena by both Otfpenter and ferrler are lamenUblvlleteeUve ud inoondstant ;
SitSMShaebherof them deny theoSeleooe lil the soul. «he reader lalMielyloftto infer tha« Oaft
MUMdowieoQiethlng is a maohine made op o( grey eellnlac matter and narvaa Their ludc of dear
f^SeUeotnaldlaownment between the par^mentol nature of thon^t or oraedoaniMatuBdltemaM^
Inteueotnal Olaoarnment Detwaeovne paruymanwi nawuw 01 Mioii«ii«»«r«>TOww««w""w"^™ "•-•»«>»*
^^ eoneomitonto. whloh Fenrler and OaTpenter seem k> often to jtoafnsA or mix together, prob.
ifSlL 1^ -.rf-*. f»>n» > ton «MiMiTa mndv of nhvsles. with a neaieet of metaphysioe.
lavolMtary aelioa ol iha i n as H im part ol the M«i m irrusiaa tie
r. ete. le ao« vo4ai«wi rt all, bat paraly aatomatla tStmStZ
.*• J^!*.?^ aMenUoa hm lo aU«|7w» ile owu pnwer datv
aueadydaa-
to bQlUap,
•ooaolooa
n woper won.
"JSfTSi ir^\^ "*• •■•'•••^oa* l»rt ollhaeoal mwliauntossaHaaUv or of M.
-si'?" "J^fT**^ ~** *• i"'* that part ol our nature ^hkh to SSdWUio Om.^, 4-i* I 'T*
wfcatt^WMAends ormaybeU.lnd«^do.UyofhuLrb£^ I «C
eoneeioa4partolo«natum. audUi.rafc« ihr.i-ti^T^^^rr??T^.*f r**?^^ ■ —
^^r^^-::^'^^j^EB^S^S'^^
r.^-SM""
t, J^SH^fuM^^
MJtsaMa the
(or no doobt
nseiotii aonl
es ondOT iti
upward, oat'
n, but of a%
iT«riM of Dr.
fonetioni of
f • oontsioiu
Utaezittemoe
phynologiflal
OMipoMdUy
- i
a iMKTaaana
ttona paooUar
lot haTaaoma
aoaiateawith
bslon of many
tinoonilatant;
nfartliatiliat
■ ladk of elaar
tnd ltam«i«l7
ofaUiar, pro1>>
oarabnd ara* ia totalfy daatrojad ; and therefora tha gragr matlar ia aothing mora waa •
madiom of molaeokr aetion betwaao tha organ of VbtnuA and tha narvaa kadinf to tha body.
It maat baadmittad, on tha graond of proof fomiahad by tha lataatdiaootafiaa, that though a
it poMoaaoa all ita wonted 0i4MMdtiea of raoeiTing the aanae immeacfam, aonld the hnpraaakm
<nil7 iteflh it ; if tha lenaory motkm faila to rea^ it and prodaoe eonadonanaaa, it mnat be
baeaoae tha pror eellalar medium whieh oonTeya it from the narre ia awanting.
So, alao, wlum » ycditkni ia made to move imy part of the body, and tiboogh it eannot
Toaoh tiie nerrea and move ootward if the oorraaponding gr«y mister of the eerebram ia
Tamored, yet the ovgen of thooght, whieh makaa the T<riition, ia there, and ia itaelf eonaeioiia
that it makaa the volition with none of ita parte or ea p aeitiae in reforanoe to that volitional
aat impiUrad; when, tharaftHre, the volitional aet faila to raaoh the nervea, it mnat aimply be
beeaoae the gr«y oeUnlar mediun between the organ of thooght and the nawea ia awanting.
Thna, in ttie eaae of all the animala operated on by Dr. Farrier, after the removal ofthe
grey eeUnlar matter oonneeting with pertioalar nervea of aanae or volition in the,;eerebnnn, it,
ia evident that the organ of oonaaioaaneaa oar thought waa entire in all ita pacta and eapaeitiea ;
beoMwe the animal, evidently aware of no defeet in asy'ol the pacta and powara of oonaeiova^
naaa rifr*""*"; to that parttenlar aanae or vditiaOi and manilmtly having i|^e of them
~ be diatiiMtly aeen trying to oat^ ^ aonnd or aaqee impraaaion, or to pot
impaired, eonld . . _
into the boc^ the reqniaite voUtionel movement, laittng to do ao only baeaoae the gray eAii%
madiom waa awanwig. If aoaae portion of the gray matter woe lefl entire, the etmaeioaa
to do more. So far aa the eonaefcwia
aat waa eoneemed, it aeefned to be parfeet in all ita porta } ttie failara aroae from <Si» daieet of
phyaieal maana to oany it oat
The homan aobjeeta (referred to 1^ Dr. Ferriir) with the earabral griy oaBolar m«M«
-ftimT»*»*'*tB with oer^da narvea of aenae or volition daatroyeA by diaaaaa, were eenaeiona of.
Imviag Jdl the parte a^d eapaeitiea of eonaeioaanaaa relating to the! partieolar ataaaw volition
parfaedy entire.( If; fbr esample, it waa a aoond Amj wanted to hear, or a tooeh th«y wiMited
to fed, they were qoite odnMiona of retaining their foil powera df being aUA to hMur It or to
iael it ahoud it only eome ; and they knew that they pat forth the aame eonaoioaa powera of
lieaiing or of feeling in the attempt to eateh the aenae impreaeioio that avvr they had need
whanue phyateal oomieotion waa aomplete ; they failed in henring (x f eelimr siuiply beMoaa
tibe aenae impreaaion ooold not reeoh the organ of eoinaeiiMUQeaa from want of the grey matter.
iLgain, in eaaea wlMce the aame elaaa of homfto aobjeeta had^e ee^Efbral grey matter ptctataing
o4jr
OMM|a by II, Aa
(•iAat«ii,4«M
- 1 ih
■d la ill
, , Mtioa
Mi er *alo«e«l« (
ia Mpreaateg Ua
TUepewerel
dvilfc(
Itad lo baUd np.
M UM •iHiaaU>iu
«Dl of Um hoaaai
lenlton amia)y to
AtiMUy.oroflla
ol bedoneanlo.'
looanaaa *mA ila
MMol, being ia
it, naal lake ap
Ml to the po««n
• llMblilllnle
rillai,inaliwffi
thareloae all tta
teOealortoJe
« powera ef the
wiU be required
eomaaalealioii
Ml ee dadaito and ehar »•' *• teU pl»T*«»«fi«i*J 'luawvafy «»Wm «« to
dadailely la om pertuwiAf pen of ih« brela. ti u Mlav a« mm to <lo
of the Wala. Umm. ^I«h l*u ph)p*iAlo«t««l Hmn^Mj ahewe |e be '
■a •mO. le th« (r«7 m«4Mr of th« mmUmml wi>i af Ifee
thia gray aMMer er ■■Mill rabelaaw of Um «w«braa la
be npffiii aa faftr eeteMtohed bv the
. lb««. la the aanlpa of aaUm «tih i^ eonaeliiai part ol the wml
of the vhole brala. «• m»j apeak aote b«aaflar , Ilia enoecfc a
itiea to the teel, m wall lapported bf pbyaiolofleal •eteaearUMl
li the eeatra ol enioa with the eoaeetowi pert ol ttib aoal (
part of the hrala. u the top ol the aphkal dord. and vtlh tftik m
the eilerior world, eo thai abort aerve ttnee, litUe la the way of
Uaee, auty aarre to give li eoauiaaieatkMi with the oaler wodd la
'*- q aalW aallit ftealtahU aeatre of anion wllk Ihe eoaaaloae
ee. tlw
Of
to
Mrtif
of
•g. beartaf,
part ef llM
I Ma aavebral eaaire to all parte of Ihe body aad throogh It. all Ihoae aer««
^T *^!i?T" *^ '■'^H vhtah are of thai oharaelea whieh aaiU the eoaaeioaa part ol the
M«V~be«h Ihoae thai tranamll af ereot aeneory lapraaaiona from Ihe body or G estartor
•end to the aoal. aad Ihoae thai tnuMaiileffaraBtaMiUoaa,volanlaffyerlnveMalnrv kmmt^
o o na e toa a aonl to the body. '* '"" ^
Theemhral aeatre, or. tai other woHa. the aarekrai hamiapheree hi whieh Ihe my mMH**
^Hi^^ZT^^i T ^^t^*^ ll'**"'"' -i*^ »«4 »>-g o»« tha haeal or a&«Mial
gaa^and theloBof theapiael eord. The fray mailer oeaaplaa Ihe oolalde of UHa ahell i
and the aa w e ory aad laolor aervea, origiaatlag fa Ihe gray aMMer. eome oat at aU aotelaellha
inaer aide of Ihia holkiw ahall. aad eoavarglag downwarda ia Ihe form of a hollowMM Sa
alrlala : wheoMe both klnda of a«v«a paaa the ether ganaMa add Jbwawaida tiuoMh tha ^Ml
eerd^wU Ihv aaparato from thta tr7eod apraaJTlh^^
aj^) air over the bo^y. It will Ihea be aeei. that the aootee^'^ * *
wfflbe Mward along the aflmnt aanaory aervea. whieh thoe rlalag fkom the
■MdaM enter the Inner aide of Ihe hoUow eheU, where Uuy tonah thegrw
thai theeeorae of motor mo le wlar aatton from the grey matter wUl be aleag
.«-;jSa5rUa?e?sKS,XWi,2:ri£:
or«aaaUae« tiM
%
m
Miiaiiti(m<«TolitioDforth«gi«]riiMM«rof ■BotlMrplM«<ff<rf*notli«M Bat
tt hM bam difllinall^pn^Tal^lhftt tlM gnyiB»tt«Mv«rdoM this. Tfa«r«foi« tlM organ of
tbon^t is not th* grar Mllnlnr mMmt. Irat tli»;so(a whioh •bidas ia it; sai tho gnj mtMat
ply tho msdinin%stir«ni the soal sad tho^trras,
9. tholoonoliiiiaB, than, to whiah wa «ra disttnatlj brought is, that m that* «ra only two
poasibla soMHiaes in tho oflNbmm (or bwin): aonoairaUa m the organ of thought or aon-
■Bifliiniasa. vis., tha narvas and tha gray oaUoUtr nattar; and aa it has baan alaarly damon-
Btratad by tha foieaof aatablishad faata (1) that tha nanres ara not that organ, and (9) that tha
gray mattar is also not that organ but aimpty ttia madiom or sobatanoa in which that organ
mvisibly dwells, therefore that organ of tada^t or eonsaioiisneas is the soul. Oooseions
sensation and Tolition are fonetiom neither of the narres nor of tha gray mattar, bat of an
innsible something inhering in the latter ; andithat invisible somMhing endowed with sensa-
tion and Tolition, is endowed with feeli&g, eonsdenae, and all the other powers of the eonseioas
sool, and is the soul.
IL Part of tha snbatanea of the foregoing lutgomant mAy be pat in a shorter and different
1. Cmiaoioninaaa or thought oannot be a fanation of the n«rvea of the eerebram ; beoaase
in no ease is eonseioaaness or sensation ever prodaeed hf nerve aptton isolated from its asso.
elated gray mattn, iior aan eonseioas Volition ever prodoae nerve aetion so isolated,
S. Naitbar is emisekmsneaa or thought a'fanetion <rf the gray oellular mattnr of the eere-
bram ; for if it ware, the eonaeioas power toraeeiTe a partioular sensationiroald be lodged in
the eerebral giey matter eonneeted with the/narras of ttiat pattienlar sense, and the eonseioas
power to will a parMeular volition would be lodged in the gray mattar eonneeted with the nawee
of tha^ pazlieidar volition; beoansa, as already proved by Jferrier*s eipariments, the gray~
mattar of one plaae or eonneeted irith one art of nerraa in the eerebrum, oannot do hjvitoxj
the work of the grqr matter of aaothor pliee or wmneeted with anothor set of nerves. But it
is known that the eonseioas podrar <rf reiaiving a partiealar sense or of willing a partieoUv
voUtion eodats, and ia azflrted, even wbm the gr«y eellolar matter eonneeUng with the nerves
df that pMtifoalar aanae or ^lition is eatiirely removed; therafora eonseiousness is not kdged
ia the gray esUular matter. And if nof' kidgad ia tUs or in the narvaa, these two being the
only posaiUe sidMtaiiaas in the eaiahram, it must be lodged in the invisible and eonseions sool.
mTA^iia, did the powers ol thoui^t or aoaseiousness abide in^the nervee m in the grey
•ittnlw matter of the e^^Arum, thouf^ or eomMioasaeas would be a plqrsioal faOQtion. But
•vary phvaieal fonetton iaevitiUy vaqairae a speeial phy^ adaptation of matter for ita work ;
tanaaqnently, ware timught or ecmseionsness a fonation of the nerves or of the gr«y matter of
111 ■ ■MihiHim llisiM ■milil ha S Sf****' »«*«— *-*^ »J.«a»*<^ ^* ^i«» nr lh» ntliwr. or at both, few
g^mmtm»9^ai%h»mmL rhyi<«4«,i^
m m UtrtMMti Urn b.»ljr. wiiiaily
' to U pm%wwmA\f it I*
M tmmm ia •aniMM«t<i«i m%ik
(•^ a^MT wmn ^mmtif Ui«i Um
•*•* •itM^Ml MTT* timm dt
' Mlatia t mail 11 for Um J^BPi''K^Crir^ ^ ■•««tr» at MaMia«Mi««
*^ ".TT!^ '^ f"- both nsLiTai ^^i^s.'ts,****^'* ''^ "»- '-**•-
(»^ The B«| mJn thai wa atJlmmZl ^iL n. 7^ „i .
~— -— -I Hmgiladiaai ■area, mm
at Ihaif root, with both of th«e> flomi
vufp«tor ••««i^ ol a i«M ol laaAania mil.' <^1:L^' T"""' *■.."?• •**» ««
^'.^ty?ir"w;rs:iir:rf^ .s^r-^.r»f".whuh
a!!f'>!*.!?^.***^iAt2*ditS.S^^ .„^~ t-;^^;:;;^::^^.^.^
•od tlM MMbrrua.
•ord) Iha IfaeeaaMi
>Ua Okkmgaia (whiah m^y be
the Oardbellam. mnd the Oftia
TbU gaajknlfl maM U
W ta« a««bnun or ooaMknu oaslfe.
aa a •uatiaoatloa of Ihc toiaM
.pwaH »««» vi.. i^;ii^iNrei5raisS.*llS^ **^
I. argMd for bf Bala.liM no« bMn «tti>pa«tad bf PhyatOliglMl fstj
t Tb« tnoMalar i
!■-..
ition. Bat
m, organ of
f only two
{ht or eon-
rly 4anioii-
9) that the
tnat organ
OonMiona
-, but of an
irith senaa-
eoonaeioiui
id different
n; baoaiiM
im its alio-
L
of thaeere-
te lodged in
leeonieioaa
tthen<rfea
•, the grey"
lo l>y proxy
rai. But it
apartieolar
luenenrea
mot lodged
9 being the
aefarasBoal.
in the grey
Qtion. Bat
or it* work ;
By natter of
ftl hath. fft»
other phydeal aetiTity ; and eo the eondiuon, on wnwn pmnmw •«> ''•^TV^SXT.fcTJ^SlujI-
theb «P«imente. watM bantterly impoeeiWe, whieh waa to aabdne and ■»«»1J^ »»»• "^ J2
SSe^rrSUght it^. in (ideriKat th«y might play by el«itr^
•^*%e ^ teif iSSTWe hate addnoed In thi. ehapter )mA ineritably to the foUowing
eondation. that thought or ooMoidumeM is a function of no part of the eerebram or brain.
bS^fanfaiSSble wirthtog dwelling in it, which we call the conMiooa wuly therefore, there
moatbeaionl. V v '■
V .
.#■
CHAPTER m. . V
• ' '*■■■■..■.--■■■.-■'
The C^ebrum it the Keyboard of Communication between, the Comeime Soul and the Body.
There i. Tciy abundant proof, on the ba«« of the eade plqriiol^P^
that the owebrum (or brain), with ite grey matter and uvtm. i« nothing Irtit the keyboard of
SmmunSSon betwewi th'e eon«doue wal and the body; putting »hi. in^ther word, wj
have abundant eridence. that the only function performed by the,^y inatter and neires of
.tiM eerebram. which is in any way related, to thought or oonsuousnees, is aimplr the timns.
^^7S:o\J^ impreSioni Jf aeneeor of mdeeuUr motion, of ToJition, nei&er of which
tunetkma are of the iiatui* of conedouaness or thought. ^ x, #_i
To inTeet the niibei and th» grey matter of the owebr urn with power <>« •on«ff*^»; ™J-
inc. eonedenoe, memory. Tolition. etc.. in the faoe of the deareet endence to the contrary,
K gSMTriolation of mitaphyrical and phydologieal troth, let alone common lenae. In aU
the raamplea furnidied by phydologioal reeeaiwh or erperiment. ihere is not one which giraa
any eo^^ce to the auipodtiontoat a tingle function of thought or eonamounieea ia vested
in the maahineihr of the cerebrum or brain. . ^ u ^ *i.
(I) Be^Sg with tiie cerd«l nv-diinery pertaining to Mwation : what ^k *► «»•
amis ofMowSd thAgrey matter aiaodated with them realty pertorarior us> Light ia
mdeealar action of one sort, Mund of another sort, and toudi of a sort *»«««* ««»»»?52L:
Se mom«it any of these motions rcMdi the soiii; «msdoas aensatim of •P«rtieular tod taken
C- I, whieh the eonsdoua soul r«)ogniaing, interprets on the basis <rf former satperienee.
.there tools of sense are no part of theorgan of eonsekmsness. but just *be meanjrby
«i.i^ 41.. «^..^. m^\ nbtafa^ aense imnresdona from things in the ou^ worid, which
ef eoa*n iiMi4n4jM
i.moteiha««||ik
tnm whlih Ha
>4 orpMa uw paits
— > oalp#<nMar>»
par mediae, ml
VrutB Umm mUc
li the vorda of
(Mllaiar natUr)
of MTTci whieh
a^tmati
MooMioaa aoal.
asMkMu OMlre
km of lh« ■piaal
Bto tota
%^ wagfee \
U
*'^^ ^>y*' ^ •B«WB«af «4 4^7 l|<4»r« off tteaill hM l« f*|«U«i .mmmH !•
far Im cm af •otn amttrda * "^
nm 14m ftXft'ApU^ —m a«ty awty la earn wh«« %k» xmmmamam tmum
* **" ^mtlfHmmmi^m •«ll» Um ««r.^«ai. Mk4 mhm* tlie«llM tMi 1 1 m %kat
•««« ««iM ^at/M. (y... II. .iMrMtw. lo bo «!•«,. vUm the Immolate »»«ffaiflhl 4i
^^ aiM.>«Mto4u Mlr« 4« M« Ue «Mit«H«aUr }« Ui» tin. ..I «.«o.«4«i^ », \>h^ \S
mMm r«|ttir« lo U MCMra|« Mi hUoy«i4Mt .>< .J I «Bn^t.,«4 o*«»4«hl uU mmUuTS
^mmimu Mti«a fr,«i, i^ mMtmum, ihm mmh oMlr* aiMl Im^« MMnlT a^ -ni , ) ?
•ffarwl Mi^ •ff.nni a«»T« Udm thfi^ihovl. '"'" " ' "
tUa illlijrsi MMhot ->< n.r^ JuiftbnUo., .p^Mn, lllMii. ta Um U«hl ol phj«ioi<i«l««|
>^. L?T^.*^:r* •4o|.«^ lo Um hiMMa body , uU •liilU Ihoro ar* OWwl atU ei^^
liiMo mhimh Ih* «C«r«iii MnUw ho«>« i Mpss M fely •»! t«a«|Mm<Uuily (or UMtt •«•«•.!
an ftlao n*%» • <-*• e^vrNii sod .ffwool Ua« wlikh. mmIii^ .uiwiomIoo. <imUw o« Uk^ mv L
from Om w*fcr*« t» im4« by Iho ahofo aMaoa. lkro«t«h • |>«#l .>» ilM4r mmrm l*> <lo Mtk
i!!!?* "^ tfe- -o-J Tb.w «a« b. no oh«lMU in Ih. ••* of lfc« an^owHoo- ««>u«
in #iwin Maae loo aaaae Iradlm m» ihm mmmbrum . b«a*iiM«, ihoagh Um muimmtlmt tU<m
Um a«Uno from Iha MsaBaaievf aa«l ta ili
MMMd by both thoald to mm litMHMla kiad.
Tli« •ml* »«|MV
• ttAVliMltaoan iM.Mp«n.lmt Mtaoroarr* Uamm Iluo0«
llMa <U,ing (ha *ork »t lkw«h Ui»4» ,4 nonlwt Ijf tbffM ITirthtt
•oatTM. til* uoerMiMioti* naattva anukl b**a HMif own 1
In (for '
uriB«i|ila UmI u.i«o<bi|r «<Mit4
lM<Up«n<lmt —Am ol o«rr« Uaaa Uuo
tM *<loy««4 to aoaii aooM mi IkliL la MmAoI
bool. UiiM. InHioil ol Um •
an l<> Umo) m (hoy |m<m Uia q
In ouoipMiy
iMaaal^a ajmI
<\«m oo« AltaM la Miy woy oarj|w>«r»| itioarT or prtoalpt^'mMalai^ la llitt'bawlii
" - . .. . il^- .1-1 . —t»^ •W- -Jl .. . ...
orllM
■ll««o«_,
•laaUoa wtmld
••«■ ol awvao whioli Uio teroMv iIimmmm
•*•*. Thoo4oo«faaol«l*b« Um oa« prlaolpli
• MIMrofUllbBotnaol. Bo* m pIlyalolaalMl
MS Ui ttif AlMiiro qoaa«««ioa. aatf MaMl7la»».
W. Ikorafoffo, vottia b« to o«r gMoral Umott a M^«ar of Ullto BMtnaol. Ba« a« n
haa r«»aal«4 m» auah la d a a aadaal a«r*« UnmSi Ihf aiMvo aoooa^toa aUaa
., ^ '~'l'**«*»*^«?PU«»G««*^tolak«opataMfUtwSa^^
of MA MflM MVyv inMlk ^^ '^■^ r^w
• K I
N
' ( y
^'"iM
I .
u\
V
,J«« .
■V- I . ■•■■
*,?. "~»vJ .gWy^^lJf^j
,<■ I- . V
<s
14
IniMatioo, Mgntotfcm Md rtcmp^
(1) jraote tlMt, ooimeoiing with both th« oflrafaram tad the nnoonMknu oaotrM. ua for
• pMtrfthitoooaMj,tha««a«Mth.««ei«iti«Mf7. In oth« woS^to!^wSiISb6S
£!h^LZ^ ZS2i!!J!S&T**!?* "^^ *»^' •"* ttdtinriatoiiMtlo •ettot in
•Mh raooMdiiv obooiimIoos oontra, tia., the aphul oord, medolU dbtotunta. meMifiMiihAlA.
STfcS^ri i^B^\!?^5SS",y!!!^^ •flooiaing to proof fa^iihad h7
SStSSStTSm!^ ipwiiirieMe, h»Te afrarant alitor n^ of this Om
<»BtiS '^^'l^lS^ll^^^fV'}^'^/^*:^!^^'*^'^.^^* ^^ ^'^ oim nnooitteiimi
MOtoaa. an aapanta from, and indapandant of, tha oarabnl lines ; thns the heart, liuus.
stoouid^ eta. asod many narre Unsa of this sort into the.iinaonsai<^ eentraa, oftb; mSS
IS^trthTniSJLS'^^ k^whieh nararthele^i axdta. ,«.p„^ StoSS
?;>% •*E?^ Mitomatle potor nerres oonneoted with tha nneoosoions eentras ara—
. '-^ fcSTiS? JSJl.lirl.?5fl ""^ ^^ i?^ •■ ^ ▼oUMonal motor whieb
fUrr^ ^i~ "^^ dasoand past awdi saeeeeding aneonsdons eantra (Tis. , fba aorpon
ffl no eetfaw at ratomatle motor narre linea that, eooneoting alone wiOi their own
OMoaaaioas osntias, an amanta from, and independent of . the eeiebral motor lines. This
^^^J^.^!';''!'^^'^ tff (?«rt ympathetie gangM* and most other nneomeiT
MBtraa manj ipdapendwit narre Unea braaeh oat into the req^ratory organs, heart, and manT
toSJi3r^eSJ^;JSI2iSr'^ "^"^^^ "^ "^^ "-•^ "' "^^
.^nJS'i^'^.tS^i.^f"^ ol tfie body wonld be of anah a natnia that they wonld
S^f^^t^nSL ^i^JUT!^'' «*«;*»»•'»»• bodily organs mi^t often,
5?J25T!r "* «> JO* '«f both ^ eonsdoas and the nnoonsdoos sonl. afltinr«ther al^
^*5^'*wfJS»** ■faMjtMeously; it follows, that in a soitable organisation m^ organs m
antomaiw motor narvas with eentiea of the nnoonsdoas soul.
\ u'^iJ^*?J**'***!f^''"''*>^"<**»*^o'«>^»'*b«body,wMohdoAotr«aa^
*° ^ *Sl~?Sl'i! t*"!!!!?!!^"^ £? oonneoted with eentres of «^ onsTMnd,^^
teiymtty oJ«rs wMJ. performing fmotions nnde^
s^nhaMonaly « at diffarantjmea. are eonneeted by a doaCset of nerve MneswSiboS
****/''**^*"l**'«^*?*^"««"*~* Thus, aa already shown, all those orgSswhiS
aeod ssBsocy and irolition|dmotor nerre lines to the oeiebrim with branohingT3t<w«ad
ftvtomatle ^'^^^^>>^2, 'i^ intenrening nneonsoioos oentresThiffrthiPtwofold
Mmuwtloiiw^ both k^ of eentres. Thim also many organs, sueh as the respJStoyrtto
that ettuwt eittmr p^^j or eonreniently eonneet with fiott oentre^ by aeSSflbiMto
the main Una, hare ssjiwte and independent doable lines leadi^ tobSi ttTSSbnTInd
^'2S"WII SS?S% "*• T"^ in whioh the yarioos organs of the body thqs
^y^y^. ^^^.t y** *^.^* ^^ op«!«te,itisftfand that whtathe lower iwt of ihl
2!?ll2fl?i?*^i5^ the oMer 5art,the priokofapin awliedtothe footSS excite
leajNms Keaetion atthasjitoal eori^ anieaius t£e foot to be w32Sra#n,-the oonsdons moI
•t the eeiekm mMOwl^ haiiDg no knoidedgeofwhatis being done below the poLtS
MveraMain ttw qiteal oobL Then, taUng the other oentres ofittie aneonseioas so5l^
!^i*?**t ^*'*"*!^J*'*'»?5^*^ eerebellum, and the optie thalami and oorporaliMato!
inihefar oidar vpmui from the ipinal eerd to the eerebram, it has been ftmnd bTDr ?^n^
and«ths..Jhii» irtgi tt. mpiSr^^
enipk^w and eo-Mtostes tte aoti^
beneath it. yet tf of its actions, when initiatedrgo on aatomsSLillr hy > M^ ^^ f»ympstSittr
in
inatteol kaawnitoai' ivilh' oMMtar* natort. Dr. Varitit and olh«n hkf iho md« ft
thAkiliioatytikM tti* B«rNillnMaMop«i to th* MMbma, thM aU ttmiii
ih»l>ody, by atiiflB tnm tlwiinaBMatoWiMitw, t tBOwwg •ptn to tht Inwiriadge
of lh« OOOMtoUMM. TlM giMt bOVdMI of proof tOM to dlOWtlllll OMlMioUIIMM <k>«
lMloir«lMOtt«liniiB,uid thtl nnoonMiowMM doM not nMh Ughar thui Um opito
•ndoovpoMgWalA. WhM tho owobnl m*to Uhm at* antbo hmI opw, Ihen aU tha
and aaottoas of tho bodj are opan to tha kaowladga and oontoot of the oonadotu aovl
to ioiliatet eontiaoo, famlato or atop, ae ft idaaaaa; aadwlMB motioa is thna inftiated by the '
oooMioos aDol, tha Mlad instiaetiTe, or ijBipathetie antoinatio aotton of the naeoiieeioiu aool :;,
from tta Mtttna raUerea the eooadons aoal in mnm meaaora from tha baxdam of manage-^ .
m«iK— in the aama waj that tho ahara of irrational inatinot poaassaad by * horae raUetea
hia ridar in aome maaamre fhmi the boidoi of man age m ent in keeping him eontinoalljr on
the road,* (8ee*'Fenri«r'aFanekiflBaof thoBraia.")
17. Bnt, aa haa been already atailad, a aoitaUa oiganiaation of body raqoirea to be snoh
thai the eonMioiia eonl moot bo perfaetly aUe and Aree to think, feel, wiU, and attend wltlioat
dietraotion to fta own proper duty ; and that, in-onUr to thia, the main irotfc of pvaaerring
and m a n ag in g the more eommon fonetiona of the body moat be done antomatieally or inToi-
ontarily hf the nneowwiotta sonl, and. that oven the oonaeioaa aool moat do aa mneh of ita
work antomatioaUy aa poaaible, that the attention and Tolition may thereby be left fne.
That the body ia Ana oiganiaed, wo tnut wo ham now distinetiy ahown to be the oaie.
The eonadooa aool, or " pneoma," aa we haye seen, has ita own eerebral eentre, and iost
' those eksaes of nec^ hnoa irtiioh ft reqniiea to perfonn ita own proper da^y, via., the aflarait
aenaoiy^ narvea whieh eonvqr knowledge to ft, the eff«(fnt volftktnja motor netree whioh eon-
yay volitiona from it,--alao thoaa nsKre Unea whiah fff9 oat antomatioally or involantarily
tlM eiVression of the thooghta, amotions, etOL, in the faee or peraon, and otharwiae aaitab^
iafliMiee the atatea of thi» bod^, aa required by tha eanaeiona aool.
And «h« uiwxmsflioas aool, or •« p^yobo," haa also fta aoftable eantiea, with Ihe diMaes of
nam linaawhiflbitreqnirMi topreaerTe.take oare oi;— in abort, do fta own proper work in
onioo wiOi the body, irii., the affennt exeitor name and the efferent motor nenree whieh
oonTqr aotomatie or inTolnntaty motion; whfle ahw all thoae oigana of the body that Maoin
^^^''S?^;.^ *'<>*^1><^ <>' theaoalaro,Mire haTO aean. eonneeted wtthboth Ui^ of
oentrea ^ pottihle aarre Unea.
mieeiperimantal r eaea reh es of Dr. Fenier and other aeientiata ampMy hatmonlae ttfth
thia theoiyt , The nnoonsoioaa aool parforma all ita work antomatioaUy, and also the oomMioaa
sonl giToa a^teaaioBi to ita emotiona, ete., in the oonqtenanee or in the geatore, and does so
mooh of ite work AntomatioaUy or iuTolnntarUy aa ean be done ; thos leaTipg the atkntion
■^h
* As iUmtrathre titm^^:
oentras, to itfaqialoa
fowl, dog, or any other i^ _ _^
ToUUoB oc^MoClng wiMttjaaeftrorad, wUl 1<mp, atHm,.lbr,|MlanM 'its bod^oiir Mt ruOatatjr btharwlMb
MooreUbigto ttaaklnd of Bttmnlatton applied to the ootar ends ot the idTeieat aeltor-aarrel^— «vS
In whloh the oonssioas sonl will renond aukomaUflaUy. at its '^ w
, tlumf^Jhe afflairat exeitor narrea, it it 1^ »
lel, with its oerebnl brain abstraoted, or the nerre lines of sensation ud
i^hola,
of
While to e aBH aij awr be abaotately moonsoioas of its own movements. The stlaialaaidn oomias
T^ ^ISSFS/^^^ ^f^**^* exoitor nerres to the eeiltres of onion wWi the nnconsotoos sonlpro-
dnoM spr ft ajjlon . which in torn sots on the effotent motor nerves, and makes the* aMknban of\he
body Mt MMel|nilMeIy, pwhapa ptHrMy ftrom habit, and pertly from nnooassioas synifattty or instlnoi
Waiel^M*tonsMmdnMd%oitiiiurd stimnlatlon praeiael^ oatf esm in auSasesTWomitfit psi^
^uiM ooniande that spfiit aotton did not intinrene at aU bstwem the first sttmnlaSoTi ^^^
ments^ the body. BntthemoTeittentsarenotnnifotnibntTulable,andyetarealwa'
with a UndjoC anepnscioas Instinot and sympathy with the plan and weU-beint of the
oMarly Shewlai the intsrfontiaii of spm*. The nneonssioaB soid thos takes OT
mownents or the body that wrnld anneeesssrily eneomber and dlstraot the -^
Qpnaeioas soul in the disohaige of its own proper doty; the tmoonaoloasdolncits own
alMoanytnc on the movemanto Initiated by toe oonaoioas, luid reoolrlnft in sash eai
liitttr, nn mtite than tho sllirhtost mrpMllanflt.
14 ^iHl*r,*>>*^l^*<B>^^aMMraUyofthea<HtonofaUoi^^
liaMwithtoa Motrasof the WMonadoas sonl a]one,or that uelsolatedfrm toe oonMdoosasss iTtoe
wveHLnoe tf toe oerabral nerve Unes, toat the balandng. the Tartety, and toe fltnss^movameiasin
f>>l^V»| toittated by toe stlnuaaSon ot the oatweSu of toe aflOrait axoUMiinvm Smntte
intervcntlaa between the atlmnlatien and the movemaota of a nlrltoal MmSinZwhii£^aS
™«n>Mioiis (th^ is. oat of reaob of theliSlTldiua's^^sSoawess)>M^
lslsea[ei»ovementoa«oo«dintfy;lhrtipirltnalsome«^ /
TnaDHOM at these oentrss of too onoonsaloiis seal, aU impsesatona eomlM from the ontdde
mdoeeq^taetion, whieh to tarn jpradoees nufleeolsr aetiao,or movement toSe membsvaof the
toe more-
harmony
1^ thereby
o«oU those
' If the
work,
the
Thersmaybe
howover, In whieh moleoolsr astton, initiated slaewtaeiOk
twOUj^or
^^i^*^'^*'**' '^y merely be regolated to its passes by mlrtt aotton at thito eantne: fir aa
!I*Mff!^}» <!!^ P!^^J?»>^^nlar aetloa, it oaa ofoouee easS Mcnlato it ; aadtoemovemsnt of
amnsoleto tois ,
■pMtaot ion in its
The leadw is here refened totbeli
physidlogleal worfea on the nsrvoos eystem.
\.:w
hft
'■ I
I'
i :
MdthefditioairMtoatUtMltotiieirownpKopar dotiflt. The mUiimI miUMli «iMdm«Bi«d
oa Iqr Br.FcRJMr •«« tha ombnl MMmMtfoM wwt naofad Mtod lik* m iwy» MtMurtoM
Btm7 aniaad rauMaad la«» M • atuiiy. tm the illBnlaf «M aopU^
ii«rf«<i,Mid tbm tt Mtod white tlM irtimaiakm WM 00^^
22£?iJlLl.£s£.ir •wtfJ^.r'' ^* ^ iiSKSTiii of the «J!KS*.'*>2S
pr.P<ni«r'i iiHni<wl w iWM r«lm .iHthrMiiMattohiimM> mhUato, ^ZmXw^ *HifMi»tfitofT
S!£2IIi^iftliS^*t!KS,'*'«^^ thi nofkwhkOi hM «o to p«iomS^tto
ito own piopMr doty, whik alj tto olti#4aAi;";5«.« >»tn«.ftti^^|^^ tf,^ imtwmHtoM ■onL
Hy. than. ODf ttooty (m to tt . S . of jhy mdon bHw<!«^SpL^^
|;^*|/'f : -,; ■;-.■;■.■■■■■
OBAPTEB n.
XaehNmrve lAm^uitably adt^fUdto 0$ Work.
_...__._.__„_ - - . . ...j:..:i. 4.:_
^J^ *^,*? wtttlJlj OteiaM for lliio wolk whleE ft tos to perform, oMh noiVe line.
viieth«r it brings inqxeisioois ttcm (he pirti of the body to s eentre of onion with the eooL
or «ttriM oat Tolitlmii or motloni from • oentre to the pttte of the bodj, would xeanire toto
a handle of teiy miniito iihree, end eMh flbra to stntoh in anbNUn oonttnol^ ten ftt
«itoj«ni^ in the body to tti otninitj iik the eentre ; the flbrei at the exterior, or' body enJl,
!!SL'*SS' *? S? •L""*^?^ ~ ■■ **J*^ no pMt ff the bo^ without neeeHtty ebn'
neotim : then, to in^ m Utde nmee or intriM^in the body •* poniMe, th^ woald iwraim
5»fS!! Sfftt:.^ '^*'^!Sfe^ Mf in •bundle o^iheJthto theatres of^SS
with the ioul (whMi are eoiihpoeU^of gi^ eiUubr«tttter), where they again would require to
!!P^.2iff^ out andput theniiel?«a in ralationa to one another eormpondi^ to tto
rel^«iaaa wld^ ^ inirtain to one another at thoo^
22Sf^ 2f ^ ^^f dirtiitot bnpraMion or motion flrom or to eaeh point readied byn nerre
"^ •* 55*5ft««»f •nl^)» •»• to pewelfethetaiioM rel^^
ptttaattheotherted. Thtti,lweiimipIe,inlooldngatamaB,myoptIenar»e,lnoBe^piee.
■ion, would nquire to eonvev Itom the retina of the eye tolhe eenbrum ereiy point in the
^2 ^^jy^-y.'"*''' ^. haada. feet, ete.; and at tto lame time ef«y o^ of theae
points or obJMto inost prMuire the^aame relations to one another, as seen at tiie e^hrum.
Aat^ sjrtain at the retina ol «ie ^e, otherwise h^
from ttf iSSS;^;^!^^ *• ^"^'^^ ^ -K>Te manher A toe^t
.^J\^''^^^!j!!^?bl^''^^^^ «bwi*^hioh streteheontinuoualy from the
ootwavdpoints of Oe body wli^ ttoy toqeh, down ttie stem of tto handle with whioh tiier
°° ^*^^ ^J*^^ eenlTC wtore tliey toueh tiie soul On tiie griy edtailar matter of whioh
flv«yeeatira.eon8efoui or uneooaeious. ise0mposed),ft would to impossible lor ttie soul, in any
SL *ui£2rlL!!T* ***ii? *^ *^ impressions belonging to tto diiteraat pointoof tb*
3. Obese IHMMOf^^ifadi ttonenre Une is made iv,reqnfafe to tovary flue in order to tato
up^^BtttespaeaaadtogiYeiittpresaioaatoaadfromiine pdnts; and if tiieir outer ends wen
IJfVllSiSS I?i?^"*" •" a «y - *yp«rts of the sUn or organs of tto body, it would
to inpossibla to tranamttneesasaiy inqveUou or from ttiese oigans or partoT^o «fa»to
^S^^^^'S^I?^^^^**'^ ol afcie-to its'etem. pass alolig tto stem S
2Si2rif!2r.£fJSrft!2^^ y*y- Mi^.diiferfcom » t^^ in eaeh fitoe
"ffl'U^qwf g <4P M«J%iMm bnuMh to root through Ito etan or trunk: fbr if. Uto a
bMadtof « tree, ItdunOd^loee ilir identity and tentinnity on leaehing tto< t^, than the
»*i« •** 4*W WW beeoom utlirly mixed np and eoia^QMd wfth the
[into the ftM from tiwotiierllueade.* (^^
thjCMS evm whleh awltob OB llrom
— "wh toli ew w en kau w u iu be —
implead
UmrnepaH ol (he oeMbnifltoS.
*>^^^T " ^^ ■
ff!^{t^l^,'^^Vn f-^^WTT' ■
nr will be •vidsnt
■-■;■■■■';■.■ ■'. •^^--■■''' '■■■■
8. FartiMrnion, Umw flna Sbim mvuA •(•in ■•pwrdw thamialTMi on r«Mbing th« OMtrts.
■o M lo allow of Iho wmi asting on tho fad of the on* wilboot lUrtatMng tho othte. Tbaii.
wh«n MpwaUBC thai, thMo flno ftkrw mut alio plMo thoir «nda at tho Motm (in tho crar
-oeUnlMT mMm), 1 d irtm a — Mid in rdMiwu c<»r«»poiiding to th* ^iatoim— muI it.> rthHwit
whioh Ihm suMin to ono«nolh«r at the oiher and. Tha nnwtMii j of tlOa iriU ba aam by
the following asaMplee. Wa all know that it eannot be tha pietnrain tha retina of the are
that ie imw ie dl a tel y eeen by the sool, bat the pietoie at the other end of the optie nerre in the
eeretena; and' yet the pieture in the eerebram mnat be the eame ee the pietoie in the
reti^ If.ia the ptetore in ttie retiaa, there iathe image of twolliee one-£teenth of an
ineh apart, and ahw of two flieitwiee that dietaoee apart, it ie e?ident that, in the piotare in
the ean^un, the diatanee betwoMi the two latter wiU be etill twioe that which ia between the
two iomMF; eoneeqnently tha nerve librae whioh ooadoet the imagae of the two fliee that
wre fwtUeet uart in the raMna most alao terminate fiirtheet apart in the eerebniin.
Again, ill ehonld lay the palm of my hand on tha t^ of a small square box, did nol^he
relations of the nerre flbree at the eentie of eonsdonsnese ednrespotMl in some manner to their
relations in the palm of my hand. I shoold be onaUa to teU whether this bos waa eonaie.
roand;,<»r iitegidar; and if I should wish to press down the Ud at one corner, how ahoidd
Ibe aUe to direet ▼oUtional motion to that point of the palm, did not theyoUtimMl nerre
ends in my carehrom In some manner eotieepond, in their relations, to their relatione in the
pelm of nymmdr The netre flbiee at the four eonem of the box ht the pahn mnst also.
so to^epeikk. eome to thefonr coman at the oerebrpm. The nerve flbiee at the foor comen
of a bos in ah image in the retina of tlie eye most alao be the one* which, eo to itpeak. are
loond at the foor ooniere in an image in the esrebnun ; end if I wish to pay parMar
attention to one eomer of the box, I most have a coneeppoding Toliti<mal film hrfta oaN-
bmm, f^eh willenaUe me to adjust the retina ao aa to make that eomer the centieof idsion.
4. The fongoing statement^ ae abefdj affirmed, apply to both kinds of nmree-^both
thoee which bring eensations or impreedoiks to tin eentree and those which transmit volitional
jind inTohmtory niotions from them They apply to the nervec'mf both parte of the eoul
(consdoue end uneoaedoos), but in a qMhial manner to thoee of the couscioas eonneeting
with the cerebrum. As the unconsdone soul acts by exi m>eonsdous instinct, and the motiooe
ere pwhapa simpler; the nerve ende may thotefore be fewer in number, and ananoed in
relatione lesi coneeponding to ttidr ends at th)B exterior, than are required at the CttSinun.
where they are aeted <m by consdousneee. ^ ~->
It is also importuit to nOiee. that the nerve connections of the uneoneoious centna.
which m passed by c«ehial linen, and attached thereto by abort connecting flbree. are no
exertion to the rule. Theee connecting flbree must have continuity through the eeiebral
linae to the exterior, and be also spread in sufficient numbere at theee eentree to reoreeent
properly the parte a| tiie exterior. ^
It ie evident that as it would not do to have impreeeions coming from dilferent pointe of
the body, confused and mixed up together pi the eentree ; so ndtiier would it do to have dif-
ferent volitional or involuntary motions coming frtmi the eoitrae, mixed up together, oonfueed
or fdling to rcech the pertiouUup parte of the body which are intended. If I wish to move my
forefinger. I mnet move oidy the nerve fibre of the bundle which connecte with it v
The degree o^f nerve eompUeation, the number of fibres, and the correnwndence of
relation in the film ende at the eentree, will necessarily vaiy aoomding to the kind of work
performed by each act of nervee. and that kind of eoul centre with which they are connected.
We have now to show that the foregoing theory of this chapter with renteot to nerve
Unes is in harmony with physiokgicat facts, and hardly assumee a prindple that haa not already
been discovered to exiit. That the nerve hoee are made up of bundlee of voy fine flbiM
(most of which are eo vjury fine as to be indistingnidiable to the naked eye), and that theee
fibree qpraad in the musdee or extremities, and, coming together, pass through the body in
bundlee or in eheaths, are facte now eo weU known that the quotation of phyd^ogieal
teetamony in proof thereof ie altogether superfluous. Reepewting the continaity of oveey
ittdividnal fibre of theee nerve Imee, from ite point of locatimi in the mueclee or extremitiee of
the bodv to its termination in a centre. Dr. Carpenter najih •• Baeh fibre appeare to m>«^t,fa >
m cont^uity unintemqptedly from ite origin to ite temdnadon without any nni<m with other ^
fibree, though bound up doeefy with them in the eame nsrve tfnnk; and there in^rtnms <
reason to believe, that the white eubstance of Schwan eervee ae aa insuktor; whaieby <Ube
uee or egrlinders of the contiguous nerve fibree are kept apart from one another, ioet ae are
the numeroue wiree, each having its own origia and terminatkm, which are bound up tocether
in the aerial cable of the district tdegraph." It ia foimd that if even one fine fibie ooonect-
mg with a i|erve line be severed in eny part of iti course, the eoul immediatdy loeea aU^
rfomtot smisation or of motion over that point of the body with which it connecte ; thia fa^
ehows that the soul must have had dietinet eommnwWtion throuf^ *»«M partial ?"- **<n
. )m
3
^.4^^' _^^^
.18 ■•: .;■/ ■
ainm, alio, U !■ found that «lMtrio stimulation, applied to a tmndla of nanro flbrea
ai an inlMmadiate part of tluir oonraa, produoM only a namb«r of mizad or oonfoaad
impiMiiana ov motioni: thia ahowi that tha flbrM raqnita aoma dapaa of ipfaading at tha
amtiaa to pttmit tha initiatloii of a diatinot impraadon or moranMnt in araiy libra.
Th«i, again, it is found that at tha eantrsa, whiah ara oompoaad of gr^ oallidar nattar,
thaaa b«v« flhraa do s^aad thair anda and tMminata in rolatiiins whiofa oonaapond in a
oartain waj trith thoaa of thair. ands at tha axtramitlaa of iha bodj. Aa araay eantra ia an
Mgragata ol gray aaUnlar mattar. Dr. Oarpontar thinka that aaah flbra anda in a §nj aall.
Dr. Faniar, bowarar, baa baan aUa to datarmina tha partieokr plaoaa of tha eatabnun ih«ra
atanrgraatnuu^ofthaaanarraa t«minata in tha aalltdar mattsr. Hahaainfaetmappad
out thna a krga povtioa of tha OMabnun. That portfop of ita aiaa daafgnatad tha Angalar
OTroa, ha proraa to ba tha location ol tha nanraa oi ai|^-<«ha aoparior temporo-afhiBoidal
ooBvolation, ih* loaation of tha nsrraa of haaring.— and so on irith tha othar araaa paataining
to tha othar narraa of aanaa and motion. Bnt what ia important to notia^ Dr. Fanriar'a dia.
eovniaa abo ahow that tha narra anda partaining to aaoli aanaa or ToHtion do apiaad and
anatain relati<»a to aaah othar, in tha ara* of tha aarabrtim whiah thsgr ooonpy, aorraapmiding
to thoaa ol thair aitariar to an astant in all napaota aa graat aa wa daim to ba naee asa iy for
thapnrpoaaof alaaranddiatinetaommimieationbatwamthaBoalandthabodj. . ■ •*>
Thna ia avaiy araa of tha aaralttam partaining to any paitiankr' aanaa' or Tolition, tha
aaara flbraa of a diffannt part of tha araa waca alwaya foand to aonnaat with a diffarant part
olthabodjor with a diKarant part of tha aama organ ; and tha dagraa of aorraqwndenaa in
tha ralatioia of thaaa ilbra anda at tha aarabram, with thair ralationa at thair aztarinr ends,
wfa nadoabtadly aoab aa (an tha prindpla abimad in oar thaoty) i^oald anaUa tha aonl to
wwk, withoat aonfoaiwi, all ita tabgriyhie maahihary.
So alao in Dr. Facriar'a aq^acimanta on tha snb-oraaial and othar anoonaoioaa eantraa, it
ianumilsat that tha aana piina^plaa <rf aprsading thair flbraa and giving thair anda eorrea-
ponding ralationa, jwarail ai thaaa eantrsa, though of oonrae, as might ba azpaetad, in a lass
striking dagraa^ Tlut intarraning onaonsaioas esntraa oonnaetiBg by short flbraa with tha
paaaing asrabral naiira Unaa, ara no axeaption to thaaa genaral nUaa, as aaah is fonnd to ba
BoppUad with a nombar of Hxm flbiaa, -^
n. Lrtaanertad(^thatinasiiitablaorgaiiiBati(m,inoidarthatspaoamaybaaeonomiiad
in tha body and nnnaeaaaaiy eomplioity avoidad, all tha aftaraot aanaory or azeitor narraa
whiah bting in imprasdons from, in othar words, axareiaa aorvaiUamoa orar, apartisohur organ
or part <rf tha body, ahonld ooma togathar and onita in thair PMSaga to tha oantrai, with tha
bondla or ahaath of affarant Tolitional or involmitaiy narraa whiah gita motiona to fliat organ
orpart of tha body. Stating thia prindpla in othar language, thoaa narvea givinig motions
and thoaa narvea azerdaing aarvaillance over the aama motions, whiah tacminata in tha aame
loaalitiaa at their oatward attramitiaa and whidi ooma to the aama aentrea, may prapnrly oome
togathar and onita in the sama^bondle or sheath &i their paaaaga thnnighthe body. This
pnneipla laavea tha'^aommoniaation through eaoh diatinat, and properly eeonomisaa room.
niydologioal sdanoe diowa that thia prindpla ia variflad in the eonstraeUon of the nerve
lines. Thoar in «v«7 pair of nerves leaving the ninal eord, we flnd a motor line having ita
rooiin tha antarimr of the eord, and a aanaory line having ita root in the poaterior of the oord,
both aomiog together, and in the same aheatb traviaraing throogh the body to the organ at
their aztramitiaa with whiah thay eonneet. The aama prindpla in « general way holda tme
of nerve Unea terminating in tha earebrom and other eoatres, and having to dad with the
aama orpmaiat tiia exterior.
IXL Let va dao obaerve, that in a aoitable ocganiiation tha afferent sensory o^ a^tor
narvea and the eiteant motor nervaa which tarminate in tha same loeality of the asta^r
organarpartof the body, need not neeeaaarily terminate in the same looaUty of the aehtre
to whidi thay aooM. Baah aet of narvaa, to keep their own impraasions or w«Nrk diatinat,
would n eea a sa r fly raqoira a diffarant plaea. There is no need that the oentraa ahonid ba a
^piaal at foe aimau raprasan t atio n of tha ezterior parte of the body.
Tha prina^ Btatad in thia piopodti(m ia falty iUnstrBted by phydologioal faet, D«.
Faniar'a aKparimantal raaaarahaa show that tha areaa in tha aarebnim oooapiad by the narvea
of aanaa. ara different araaa from thoaa ooeapied by the narvea of volition. Tha same faet
jMdda traa ol tha aab-araaial and othar nnaonseioiu aanikaa.
19
Pteidiarititi required in ev0ty CttUrt of UfUan, "
To b« initably otganlMd, etstr oentM of anion with Mm wml aa«t b* rash thai th« moI
«aa dirtU M or niiito with II, 4M bo alio rooh IImI the flbro oadt of tho norro Uii^i of all
Idndi iMtuOj and MparaMr, and in laah nlaMoaa ai ooRMpond anllably to IhoM whioh
thiw nialaitt to oaah oOir at Ihair oUmt «achi,,Mn ba hi diiael and oonilani eontadi with the
■ooli w that tha loal oan aet or ba aotdl oi sMpaiataty thioogh aaah n«nra flbn without
oonfniion or nizlaM of ita nKdaenhur aotttm with that of oth«ra« and bo abla Aram tha rdatlona
of thoia narva flbia aoda at tha owtrai to diatlagQlah tha filationa of tha pttrta of tha body
with whidi at Iha ollnr and tliaj oonnaat-^whathar in xaaaiviag improaataia fkom ttiaao parte
or in MiuUng votianato tham ; and thia aontaet or onion batwaan tha aool and ita oantia or
ttflrraa moat ba ao olAa aa^ aonatant atf that arary kind of aotion In tha ona moat prodnea
aomakhidofaalioointhaothar. i»v.«o«
Tha roaaona lor aaah mn organlaation of tiia aontoea of onion with tha aool hata lilbtt
mada lo vary plain in tha hMt dhi^Mor, and in all tha prariooa parte of thia work; that it ie
eeanely naoeeeaiy to vipeal them agein haia. Tha eool nmat hare polnte of the body to
dwell at or onita with, otharwiae the body eannot ba made a ptoper niettom between the eool
and the world. The nflrre fibre eiida, aepaiate and in pAmarialalioda, aniBt eome in diieet
oontaot witti the eoql, oth«wiae the aool oannol Ml «r be aeted en diiee^ «id praperiy
tlvongh ttiem; and if «hia onion or oonlaet were net eooatant, eo Iha* intoraeiion between
the aool and body mi|^l be eloea and eonatant, it woold be impoariUa. aa ihawn in th4 eariy
«ha||Un of Miia work, toeonatltole the bcAr a proper mediom between the aool and the world.
It ia now oor boaineaa to ahow that all tha taleat and the beet artaWiihad fteta of phyaio.
Ipgieal leliMa folly haraouiiiiae with the theory ataled in ttia- foreiftring ptopoaiaon. 'The
harmony, whieh waa^abea^y ahown in tha preee^ng ahaptera, auy now be madairilU^^aanr.
Of eooraa we do not aaean lo ai^ that tha disoovwlea of plnaioloey hate aa yet thrown tha
eleareet U^l on evMythhig iriiieh maybeinmlTadin thia theory; hot wahara alaomed no
important jdiyaiidogioal prtoe^triiiaheanreallybeMidtobeinadifBneeof diaeoveredteet.
The pfayaidogy of the MalMi of the body whkh onite with the aool then ahowa na that
aaah eenIM b eompoeed of two aoba t aneea. via., grey eeUolar matlw and perre enda; tiie Irat
aobatanoe ia of a groy wdoor, aami-tranapareiiit. polpy, and eonriating of eella or Teaifllea HUed
with granobr matter; the aaeood anbetanee, white, (90400, and d«iaa, widah fbrma the br»er
portion of the eentree, ia eompoeed whcdly of the flneet nerre flbreai whiah qtiaad id>oot ofory.
where and lerminale their enda in the gr«y oella. Dr. Oaraanter thinka that eaeh illMre
terminatea in a grqr eelL Theee fibree are ao fine aa to be intUble to the naked «ye, thoo^
pareeptible to the aaieroMope. It la abo agreed thai all Mrte moTementa (ootward or inwiiod)
<nigiiiate or tflrminate in tha gray oattohur aobatanea^ and ttiat the aeal of oooaeiooatteea at
the oflBtre whan it ie loiooted moat be aomawfaare ai tha point iHmre the nerro movemenla
orif^nala and terminate.
The reaearehea of Dr. Farrier and othera now alao ahow, almoat beyond a doobt, that iha
eantre at wUah emueioaanaea ia looated ie the oerebrom, and Uiat idl the other oMtree are
rimplythe eeata of oneonaeiooa or aotomatie aetioai; in other worda. theee leeearehea nrove
thatuia oerebrom ia Hm eentre Di onion with the eonaeiooa part of the aool, and that M the
other eentree are eentree of onion with the oneimaeioos part of the aool. f See Ferriar'a
**FaoetionairftheBiain.'') V *"*"«■
Bene, then, wa h«v& phyaiologiodly, the foodamental fMla eaaential to oor theory. The
grey eellolar aobetanee ia that oiiarain, in a speeial aenaa, the eool dwella— in other worda.
inharea or onitea with; and the white denie maaa of narre flbrea wUah makee op the reel of
the eantre, and whieh tooohea the aool in erery earner of tha grey eelhdar aobatanoa, ia the
great keyboard of all tha nerfo ilnee ootward and inward, wheralnr the aooL aa marator. keeoe
vp eo mm n ni aa t i o n with all parte of the body and with the ootaide worid. '
Thia gray eellolar aobetanee ie eonunon to all tha eantree; and all eonaaioaa or vital
aaliii|^ onooeatiflaablyeBunaiea from it and ita nerve endo.*
. That Oa aool may oaa tha aobatanea«ff the gray erila for other pupoaea alee than ttat
of atrial inhaUtation, or only a» a aeal on whieh to faaa and tooeh the kaybofod of narvea, ia
not at all improbable. Bool inhering Jn thia matter, preeant in avenr part of tha matter, and
in the matter tooehfaigevaty line flbre end in th e keyboard, may find tha grey eelloUtt matter
•It may indeed aeamraniarkaUa that the aool •taoold atwayat
wl^l^bo^iottliiaeaUalaraferaotara; vetitialnTOilablytrOmMU
tobnJMtegnpttiabodyatflratlwimther ^--.- -'^•-" .
• ;*'
r*
so
>«. laiSk,'
m \
(wUoh forms of ttMlf a kind of oompound, though not • ehmniflal ona) a mott oMfol M,
dthar In initiating motamcnti In tho keyboard or In rMslTlng thmn. Thli anion of tli» ,
MMOM of wral with Um gr«7 otUnUur iB«tt«r, loaitwhAt In tho oumoar of %«ompoond or of '
doublo aUianoe, may giT* aoiu it* property of powar orar mattar, and matter Its proparty of
powar OTar Sool; or.tha nay sukttsr may ba maraly tha fand oat of irhiah sool inltiatas
molaanlar moramsnts in tha kayhaaid.
Than aito thaagranfsmwtbf thanarra anda*ln tha ksyboard. car thaoryand tha faott
of physiology TarTSvldanHyhannoniBa. It has already basn vary folly .shown, that thssa most
ba aasrtain aotnapondsnaa batwaaa tha ralations of tha nsnra anda at tha aantraa and tha
ralatisna^'of tha aads of tha sama nsnas at tha aitramltiaa of tha bod^*;- Tha dsgraa of
oorraqtoodanaa by no means reqaivaa tha-«iarra Stads in tha kayboaid at wa se nt aaa to ba In
all raqpaats a fite sAnOs of thosa In tha organs from whibh tha narvaa aoatur, Tha aorrae.
pondeoaa ma«t ba sash, howafsr. that tha sool at tha oaatraa aan diftingaish dsdi^taly th»
ralatlona of Iha parts at tha other anda, and aflaek them aoaordln^. ' U may ba said that
inaah of oor knofvladga of thaaa ralations «t tha sKtramltiaa l#aoft ^ d<l( f axperisnaa, or do*
toinstlnat. This Is no doabt trae,'l>at aiparianoa or Instinat oaa old o* only thvMgh tha oaa-
of tta narvaa thaoiaalTaa ; and If tha nsrrsa ara Inadaqoatr, so ssparlaaae ar Instinat most ba
inadaqoata. Tha msana aertalnly voold ba fnadfiaata vUah wMild maka an objaat appear
nmnd In tha aersbram whieh ma sqoasa In tha retina of the ^a— whieh woold lead a man to-
bellova that a pin pdakad hia foot whan It wM priaUng the baek of his naok— or whioh wookl
lead him to tl^ b waa moving hk rl^ foot iHian ha wae moving only his left arnt
Wagrant, howavar, that the testimony of t^ ona sanaotynarva Una helpe thataatimony
of tbaa&er sensory nscwa Una. Tha ssnsosy *arva Unaa help as to lagotota the motion of th*
voUtlonal narva Unae, and th* volitkiial also h^hi tha ssnsory. Tha dagroa of eorAapondena»
hi tha keybsard, therefoia^ need ba no grsatar tUw aUows the sonl^l with tha foragoing halM«
to Inrm oosvaet Impisssiens aa to tha losalitlaa affaotad at the othei^ and. Thoogh this prin-
eipla of njrvs ooRaapondaaaa mnst hold troa of all tha aentrsa of lonion, yet of eoorsa at th»
• oneoBawihs as^tias a soMJiar dapaa of eorifaapondaya will be adafloata.
, Wo liaiva abaady In th* praaeding ei^apter shown that this lliaoty of « esrtain xalativ*
aoiraq^oadenaa In'tha narva ends at th* oentiaa of onion and thsir other aada a^ the ^ztremitiaa
of tha bodyi ia in f oil harmony witiid^eovarad physiolagiflal pMa.' WaahallDowaddafaar
othars, whieh tend stIU fofther to eonflrm it. Thie pasnUar oobstltoiion «f the^asntfM, #hisb
u|^leainagrsaterdrla«f depsetoaU tha aentras of onion with tha aool. is.no doabt moat
cUstinatly ubam »ble In tha «ei.aUiiim
Thasa ia nothing naw in the last that after tha ampotation oTm lag, foi faMtanaa, th«
aoneaioosness aontinoaa to lafer the pain, oaosad by tha sotting of tlM nervaa, to the toes and
varioos pMsflC^foo^i JQ***>befcira the removal of tha limb ; this laet diowa that th*
narva ends in^b* asrslurom sustain * aartain delinita and eotiaaponding rriation to thoaa In
\h» toaa and foot; nor Is it found that this relation aver ahangee to the aonsaioosnsaa on any
sobsaqoant Irritation of the nerve ends. The sama prinA|>le applies in the ease of all th*
ottMr mao^ters of tha body and their variooa parte. Every toe. Anger, ate., most tharsfota
' have ita eorrssponding nerve ends in the eerebrom in definite and jost ralations before th*
eonsaio Q s n ess.
> The lasponshra aotunatitf' aetion of the oneonieioos ettitraa in aaaes of ampotatkm
parallel to the foregoing, shows that the saasa prineipla <i oorrespondsnt nerv* relation also
applka to a esrtain extent in theae eeatres. (See also Ferriar's expartmaats on anliuds
divaeted of thneerebrom— " Fonetiona of the Brain.")
Again, it if weU known that the nerve fibres of both kinds— sensoiy and motor-~r*diat*
in immense nombers ferom the emtio Uu^ami and oorpcna striata, and entering the lurflow std*
of this earabrom, spread theniselves in all diiaotions in eontaet with tha grey eeUolar m^ter
whieh oompoeee the ooter side of it. Dr. Ferrier (sea «' Fonetions of ^e Brain !') has been
. aUe to map oat a large pdrtion of the eerelvom or skoU (in a manner raeambling a phrsno>
loi^oal shut), and to show very definitaly • large nombi^ of the araaa partatning to the nerve*
of the different Mnses and the diffarsnt parts of the body. In Uke manner he has eataldisbdl
a large niwber of the araaa pertaining to the volitional nerves. Eaeh elass of scpoMwy nervea
and eaeh ehkss of vdltional nerves has its own qpeeial looation. The right hemlaphsre of th*
I psrtmaa to the kit Sid* of the body, and the left hemisi^Mre t* the ri|^.
Bot wiiat i% at present spsaially jpqMrtant to notiea in th* diaoovarisa of Ferrier ai* th*
that tiw extent of area oae^^ by eaah abisa of ntarvea ia very eoosidsrable, thai
different pojnta in eaeh aia* lelala to different parts «l tha body, and that the soattared enda
of the niTTSB da snstain Nlations oorrs8p<mdlag to those of ttieir'exterlor to all the extent
whieh w* ataim «* be naameaiy. (Ferritt's •' Fonaliona of the ftain.")
Tha Mpirt^sato of Fatrisr. Oarvate. P ora t . SW. , on tfie sob-eratt i al *» d ot he r unaog .
■oloaa oentms, also show that tha aama gaosral prineiplas wliioh we have baivi referring toi
V-:
* "^F^ m^y "5^5™^*^ - f ^"
„.'""
,j* ( >• ti"^ fr
■m
I., mail tiiaiNfon
KtioiM befon tli»
91
fitv^At ^M* M at til* oMvbnni ; thooch of oovm^ m might b* npMtod, tli* MUnmtkMMk
«l«ffMta «t diflmat poiati, fraai alMtrio ■ttmolatkia, is mnok m<M dUkMh «t Ui«m <
tium «t the otNbnuD.
FarlhmMin. atf to tk* aloinMi Mid MnrtMiOT of tUa intWMliT* imkn b«lw«M th* Mol
•nd ito MBtaM, idijriokMjr wd dl aperi«iie« tliow lo diMlaoUy tltei it is ontythiag in
^jloMMM and MoitUMv wUok a prapar madiam vaqoiraa, that no additional proof ia naadad.
Th« «tiRiii( of a tbooiilit oauaa a tiWMr thiongli tha whote aarrotta or matatial fM^
on tha ooatniT, tha priok ol a pin ia fall in araty domain of tha aool. Tha two-halTad atro*-
4ara or arah M aonl and mattar apaaa tha Toid batvaw intaUigaaaa and «»/>i*«»«i«> motion,
and tramblaa aiilta with anj toaoh that aflaett aithar mattar or apiiit.
Thaaa prind|ilaa. aa an hara aboady aaid, apply in a gfMitor or kaa dagiaa ta all tha
amtraa of unon, hot in a nadal mannar to tha OMabnan or aantra ol tha ffmadoas aoal;
and ■othnfiudioat tha lato ahi^taca tha aarabmm haa oaeapiad afiront plaoain thadiaooMiona.
01oa«l]r.b»waT«, as adal and mattar maj ba alliad at tha omUaa. tha tao hava nothing in
oommoa, aithar in nbatanaa or in fonetlona. Thoa, at tha oarabram tha aool oa^aptaa a
position aoaaawhat aimilar to thai of a talagmpli oparatoc in a talsgraph offlsa faito whidi
^KMuands of wina ran from all diiaationa, aoma of vhiah tranamit mmaagaa outward and
■oma inward— ttU tar min at in g, howarer, in one k^jboard, aaoh k^ distinat, and all of tham
^ idations oorraqponding to tha diitaant qoartars from whiah th«v aoma. Tha oparator
|(m is tha aonaaioaa aoal, kia atet ia tha gi^ aallnlar mattar, and tha kayboai4 ia tha daasa,
warn nmaa of narra flfaras, aaah tooahing in aoma plaaa ttm oporator in hia gragr aaal. Bat
^1^ Tf'J**?"'*" P««»U«tty ol this talagraph offlaa ia. that tha k^ aia not maralj
withitt^raaah of tha oparatov, bnt tha tuiida batwam him and tham iaao aloaa that than ia
S?*/.?^ , *" ?*^ ^***^ *■ ■*** ^ ooMtant oontaat wi|h Mma part <d tha oparator ; ao
*°*' .'^J*. ?** * motion on 9 wiM that doaa not aHaat tha oparator. or a motton in tha
oparatortiialdoaanotaJlaatthawiMs. This laaiprooity ol aation batwaan tha aarabmm and
ttia aoaadona aoal is ooastantlf going on. tha aoaadooa aool batag, aa balora statid. aapaUa
of two dapaaa ol oon aaioasnaiB, vis., aatiTa aonaaionwiaas and latant aoaaoiooBMaa, tha
m^^qilaraati^olthaaarabnuaiaallaetadbjthaaBirit aetioa of both dMMea-thoagh in a
Ufl^ar doffcaa by tba aativa aoB B etnnaaaaa, and in a lowar by tha ktant. So alao ia tha apirH
•raon of tha aonaaioaa aool in both dagraaa aflaotad I7 midaealar aotkia in tha aarabrmn.
^ratare may ba a Mad of mo la anl a r aation and oo mmoi i i aati on going on in tiia o«Nbmm thai
uieets the eonseioasness only to a latent degree ; bat a eommonieatiim <A onaaoal natoia or
iirtaraat no aoonar aomaa to Iha hrtanl eonaoioasnaaa from the oarabram than tha fall flood
upit of aetive eonseioasneaa or attention flaahaa iq» to it ; tnd tha aommmMeation borne to
the aoal Mntre on thewinga of molaenlar aetion, at ones baeomaa the Balneal of aotiva thooghl,
£lS*L^ ^"***!S: '^F* *^ ooMdoas sool. dwelling in his palaea olgray ealla, with ito
iPr^ ^' narra fibres aU «roand and ararywhara toaaUag him, ia afar fidly infonnad of all
that tranapiraa in hia Ungdom. and ozeeatee hia «my wiah in ito iWBoleol •qmara withoni
auningftimtta aoal. ^ In oonataaion. lat aa repeat hm
before, that the aool dwalla in avary other part of tha body ai waU aa al Ihaaa eaatnii. Tha
. in • BWMralaeoae dwalU in att tha body ; bat tha parte of it thatlp a spaeial a«aa are in
K?J°"T^xi^*^^^* "***>•* •"*«■• TlMaoiliaonawhoktdw^lliagthroughoatlha
r^ '^J^* *^ '^ ^'**»^ plMas of interaetiva anion with tha body, sad thay are thaaa
«entras. When tha bonda of intametifa anion at thaaa aentrea are raptared, death
«nd the whole aoal learoa. -r --•
V 1
t
tnd other aneog.
CSUJUXBTL
BOaiitm 6f the Ctiiaru to theiT FarU <^ the 8<ml. ^
l.AfleQidiag to the foregoing theory of a 8aitablaorganiialion.it would «Tid«ntlytl»an
bean anor to suppoae that beeaUaa tha difTerant parte of the eei^bram have different oflleea
•nd work, and eonneet with the eonaaious aoul at different po&ito ii^ the eaiebrum, thatthere.
tore the eonaeious aoul is divided eorreapondin|A7lBtodiffai«nt parte, witii offioea ad| work
oonaanonding to thoae parte of tha eerabrum with whiebth^ eonneet. ' ^ ^ .
Tha eonseioua aoul is one whole, performing aU ite funetions aajone Undivided wkoia; and
m part of it is oapabla of doing what may be done by the whole (aea •< Deeeiiplion of tha
<touwious Soul." aA the oommeneement of this work) ; and therefore the parte of^aeerahrnn '
anorgBnised with a view to their eonvwiianee to the parte of tha body, and not wi^ aviaw4o
ueir aouTanianoa to the parte of tha eonadous aoul at all The eerebral k^fboaid raquina
' .
■ iwWifmw'^''^^^^''i^ J^'--'
■^'«r-^pi^^**a^^«f
92 -■
ipM*. ao thftt the moleoaltr Mtion of the on* Abf m»7 »«» inurfwf* with Iha mokealw Mtion
of Om othar flbra, and bo alio kopl in pn>p«r nUtioii ; md the narro keyboord is thiu plMOU
All •roand, giying the ooosdoiu •oul ooataot with «T«»y |Murt of it. ^ „ . , . , ^. . . _
CMlinc attontion to tho proof of this prarionslj givoi. wo shall tM onlj, that boro
physiology mad mmUX philosophy psrfoatlf agrao. Our ablest and best physiologists fr»nkly
aoknowladM that thay And nothing in the phyaiology of the earebrnm or any tMif ^o«>»
analogoos to the fanetions of thooght, feeling, voUtion or of oonsaienoe ; and aU elatma of
phNnology sabversiTe of this prind^^ are alike eontradieted b^ n>^^ <^^ ^J??!:^i!?!l^
loienoe: mdeedi
I known that i
speak <rfj)hrenology with respaet.
~ TlM prineipli
I and mental philosophers, as a ehMS, bMfsly
propodtion of thU ehaptar applies also to all the
ad the
rh^M in a lees degree; and the same dass
of
^traa.
a. The priiMipl* Mubodiedinthe — ,
oentrea of the uneonaoioits sool, thoni^
physioloffieal teattmony applies to all the ob......
$. Aeeording to this Uieory of a soitMOe organisatiea it also follows, tlat the material
organisation of any one eentre of onion will differ from the ofganisation of the other eentres.
Aseaoheentie, whether of the oonsfltoos or nneonseions pari of the sonl, has Its own pemiUar
work and its partieobMr part of the body to attend to. eaeh oontra will n eesf M a i Uybe ogrganiaed
suitable for its offlae.
To this all phydology agfeaa.
4. FnrthormeM. aeeordhig to this theory, the eetebnim and Ihaaa other oontwa^ hare n<|
dto uae thaa> that of being a meana at interaetlTe onion between the body and the sool.
. Pottiiigthk in oth«ift>tds, the eardinim and theae other oattttaa hare aoottieroM^
«tafloiding to the sool a seat or point of' onion and a keyboard of narree throogh whiehto
kaep op iH> i i n"»f"1 tiatiftn with the body. ■ »• *
The physiology of the eerebmm «id flieae eantiea, aU of whioh wa made op of ooly two
Bobstanoea-'-gny eeUvlar mattar and narva ends (the work of whieh has been asoerkained)--
wreals as wahaTessan nothing elaeu Any preteosirtis to anything mora, by mateiWkto and by
aome phrenologists, eome diiaetly in the taolh of oor ablest physiologists, who frankly eonfeas,
that tttoogh thnr ean ibid ai thaae eantrea an orgaaiaation and parts soitable for the tnna-
ff^<ii «rt q Uamtorj or axeilor imprasaloiis inward, ipd the transmission of motor impreesiona
ootwaid, ti^y are onabft to deleet in the eeiebn^ or other oentrea any material otgaaiiation
eoneaponding to a sing^ fonetlom of the mind'<»r sooL Hare Oarpantar, Fanriar, Loomis, ale.,
midht all be nooted. '
0. Lastly. •Mffkdiag to this theory, than, the oi&ee or the work performed by ih^eerebrom
and the other eaiitres is qoite different and' distinot from the offioe or the work panormed by
the sool: and so at the eeiabrom and theee eentres, where aU organiaatian of matter ends,
matter and its work ends, and sool and its waA begins. Thisisthe teaehing of oomnunk
MPiw, and it i< alto piiMn'y *^ titawhing "f p^y'^'^gy-
We find the worV^the eaiabrom and the other eantfea. eaoh of whieh eonaisis simply of
a sool seat and a kayboaid, to be poidy and sfanpfy that of eommnnkation between the sool
and the body. Th^ ha^ no other parts and thm have no other work. The eerabrom is ttios
the mediom of oommonioation brtwaan the eonsdoos sool and the body, whereby the eonseiooa
sool giTeeooior leeeiYes impreesiotts from the body and does nothing else, Jdst as a tdegnwh
' apparatos is thf mediom' of eommouieatioii between the opttmkot and the ontaida worid. Ihu
is its work, and its whohkwork. It has nothing jp eommon with the aool, and it does no^np
in eommon with the sool. It has nothing to do with thooght, fading, or raeohition: these
things bdong to tiie sool. Henoe any assertions of phranologiBta or natoraliate that woold
Amply anything e<mtrary to theee mindplea are ottetfy norioos; and erery attempt to traee
v'iB the eerebrom (or in any part of the brain) an organiaation eorresponding to^thatof thoo^t,
' feeling, eonsdenee. etc., wfll prove absolotdy abortire. Itji the eandid aeknowledgment of
aU physiologists that no sodi orgMdsation oan be foond. Hertall mental and phyaiologied
seiraee, and eommon sense, take the same sidlk Phydologioal ftets show that the dense mass
of white fibres and the grey edlolar matter are both organised for simple material fonotimu ;
and jost as we lose all material oiganisatim among the grqr cells, sool and its work begins.
Of the otganiaation or work (rf the sool, physiology reteals nothing. .
HA.
■V
^s^^fjf^s^ssv" ■^"irt'^ f;*>'Ti«p-^s>TOgirT "
* -. -■■. ■■t:--f^'
SECTION li.
A.Bi
tion.
ing D
the oat
OHAPTBRI, .x
Map of the C«r*bnm:
In this Motion we tM ft lammwy of (Mte knd expluutione whieh still farther elneidate
end support the tbeonry whioh we here edvenoed in the first seotion of this woifc.
Oar objeet is not to Mtieipete fatoreph^siologieel diseoreries, bat simply to meke a
l«eitiin«|b nse'of thoee elreedj eeteblished, or et least mnerelly reeetved es soeh. Fatare
disooreiies may poesib^ eaose some modifloetion in the details of this theory.
■ ^ MAT' or TBI oaanram, ' ,
Th* following woodeat preeenting a side view of the hwiMn eM«hram. whieh, though not
showing the Turioos 0(mToIations or pointing oat «iinately the Tsrioas OMM pertointaig to the
diKersnt perta of the body OS Ferrier does, is intended to indifloU in a genwol wev the Dwta
of the eatebrum oeeapied by the Tsrioas orsM or oMtres of voUtioa and sensation, in OP fw as -
hare at prassot been disooTsred. (flee Ferrier's ••Fonotioiis of the Brain.'*) . ,^ , ^
IMa mag presents a side TJew of the left
hemliplMnw tna esMtbrnm from the oatside,
wttiTwi loeaUon <rf the Tarioas senses and mo-
tions,]^ far aa at present disooTored.
I sMeee inoloeed by tiie lines snfroonding
1 reprassnt the Hoaa or eaot*^ of nft-
npaees indoeed by the linee siirroond-
f, and by the d^ted lines aroand F
(eentree F and H being farther in from
jbr sarlaoe of the eerebram), le pr e s s n t ap-
proximate^ the areas or eeatrea of the aansei.
The qpaee (B) at the tiqp of the head inelodes
the areas whieh f^-tmaaUk Tolitional moraoMnta
of the arms, legs, hands, eto.; spaee (A), aore-
ments of the head and eyea; (0) movements of the mouth, Ups and tongue. (D) is the area
or bentre of Tision ; (I) of hearing ; (F), surrounded by dotted linee, represents the two areas t)
of taste and smell; and (H), also surrounded by dotted lines, represents ttie areaoQaetual
sensation or toueh. (B), the anterior or frontal spaee, is regarded by Fenrier as also m^nly »
a eentre of motions, largely of the inhibitory sort; (J), the posterior spaee, he eondudes, from ^
the result of eertain experiments, to be the eentre of the sense at hunger, ete. .
Both hemispheree are exaetly alike, witti the same oentres of sense and motion oooupying
relatively the same areas. Eaoh hemisphere pertains to the oppkeite side of the bo^ ; the
postwior and lower patrta of the esMtoim belong largely to the seosaa, and the anteriinr and
upper parts lar^y to volition. . . ^. ^\, . »., ^
Thne are eertain parts of the posterior the fanetions of whieh Ferrier was unable to ^
determine, as he oould obtain no results from eithar the electrode or the <^her means tried by 1^
him. He had also nobetter suoeees in regard to the frontal or anterior portion of ttie eerebrnin.
It is evident, however, that the front belongs Uurgdy to the volitions, as a verylargejuunhfi
of efferent motor nerves pass from this region to the eorpwra striata, downward to thebo^.
Beeause Ferrier was nnaUe to stimuhite theee nerves in the front of the eereteom by^ elee-
trode. or to ascertain by other means the spedal fanotions of its area, he snpvoeee thli elaaa
of nwJtor nerves to bakrgely of the inhibitory kind, that is. of a Und to restrrin and tegi^
the motions instituted at other eentrea. It would appear that nerves of this Und ara osed a|
other plaees, and we are not aware of any unf easiUeness inJite supposition, as lllth|efleranl
nwves of the body seem to aet, reaet and restrain one another's motion with ttaM Und of
oomplex aetion. Ferrier oddly enough (in a materialistis way) hintfe that these ^armt n<»tal
nerves may be the nerves of attention, or aire in some way spedally eonneeted with taitaiU- .
genee. We ean see no reason for specially locating the attention in this quarter more than in
any other. Any of the sensea have as much to do with the attention .or intelligenoe as tha
areas and nerves of inhibitory motion. The frontal part of the nerve kojboaid mar, however,
be, and very likely is, that portion which is set apart tor the finer maaipulatinns of intdliusnea
in controlling or sending forth the more subtie movements of this body. There is nothing,
^^t
'^B^TPE-^l-SrwK-li!
[f'Trffp-^^^ wrens' ^
>!^^Ba-i.;>
:i
thwvfon, In th* twnlta addoMd by FarrUr to iMtd as to ngard the front of tho oorabnim m
iho spMial M«t of attmition or intdUgtno*; bot ittaoh r»thMr to ahow that th« front of th«
kajboMd U th«t jpdMo only whioh it Mt apart for tbattrtUundMion of tho flnar affMta of intalli-
ganea and attantkm intotlM body.*
Wbathtr tbaaa narraa oonnaoting with tfaa frontal oarabmn «ra inhibitory or not. doM
not in any way aHaot oar theory. The adoptian of tha one prineipla aaita oar theofy ai wall
aa tha adoption of the other. Farrier oonolndM they wera inhibitory beeaaaa he eoald not
eieite them by hie oleetroda. Still, it ia prematora to d«eida tM theee nerrea are inhibitory,
aa Farrier plainly admita that tha aaoont of eleetrie atlauUnf ;whioh prodaeed Mtion in one
eaaa or in one part of tha brain wae often inadeqaata to ^o eiiiiin another.
Then agidn, it ie moel important to remanber, that it iftiftt eleetridty that ia the proper
•timnlas of any nerre of tiie brain, bat eoal or epirit, a ^jmX. ma; whan the trae and Tital
atimalai ii applied it will prodoee motion in all the nmrm tj^: .. t
Some of Farrior'a aiperimanta on the earabram (we dirtfionilh here from hie exp^rimente
on the aatomatio aotion of tha anaonaeioaa eantree) eeem to lllaatrata the power of the o<m-
■eioas eoal, while in a latent degree of eouaeloanieas, to reepond antomatiaally to oaMde
•timalae. Whili aetiVa ooneeioaaneaa might be aabdoad by ehlmroform, aa in eome of his
ezperimenta, the aoal mi^t nevarthekaa be ktffntly oonaeioaB, and racpcod by eaeming atarta
of aorptiaeL feeling, ate.
Tbaaa «sperimeatal rew w e h ae of FeRte VfA other phyriologiala all dittinetly ihow tha
eei^iram to be one vaat keyboard of nerTM.aaUiola or main pomoea of whioh ia to eonatitate
a talegraphk app«rataa of eommanieation bi^kwaan the eoal and tha body. Oarpanter nry
natandly eondndea that the ▼uiooa.foUa or dipfinit in tha eortez or grey matter of the
eecabmm are to giro it a huger hayboaid ipoea. Baeh area in that keyboard nlatee to eome
aanaa or volition: and eaoh poinl in aaeh area relataa to ita own part of tha boc^. Thaa the
human oarebhun. made op of oaly two aabataaoee, tIi., gr^y eallalar matter and narra anda,
i* the aeat and keyboard of tha eonaeioos loaL Tha^^MOlBUlvitiea of derelopment in the key*
bpard no doabt give eooM eloa to tha peoaliteitiea of tha aoal ; and a good darelopmentof the
formar would probably indioata good powera in tha hUter, tor iff ia tha eoal thal^ilda the
knboard to aoititaaU, and not tha keyboard that eraatae tha aoal.t . , . ^ ^ _
To jadgab than, of human diataotar from the head ia not altogether amiaa, for no doubt
ia thia way tha eonaaioua loul does give aom* of ita ebaraater to the head. Ooneeioua ioul
ieatad on ita thqraa of grey aalla, with ^rary point in that vait keyboard of nenras nnder its
toudi of intalligHiea, dwdu in a palaoa of mattw, whieh, developed eapadonsly upward, out'
ward and forward, gitaa an air of dignity and intelligenoe to tha whole eraniam.
OHAPTBB n.
iVoo/« that Thought or Cotueiotunm U no Function of the Cerdtrum or Brain, bui of an
indwelling ConteUnu Soul— A Proof of the Soul'e exietenee.
I. It is daarly dempnstrable, on the grounda of the l»te phyaiologieal diaeoTariea <a Dr.
Farriar ai^ others, that eonseiousness or thought, feeling and ToUtion, are no funetiona of
any part of tha <Nfe«brnm or brain, and that these funetiona must be performed by a aonsdous
ioal dwaUiag in tha «eid>rum. This may be regardadaa an argument in proof of Ihaoxistenea
UtiM aoal, and elasaiflad as tha first of thoaa that lollow at a later plkeain thia work.:t
1. It wiU be admitted at onoa, on tha grounda fumiabad by tha bteat physiok>gioal
diMorarisa. Ui«t them aia jnat only two substaneea in tha oarabrum or brain that ean poadUy
kiimy way baidated to thought, feeUng or oonsokmaneas, or that, in other words, ean possibly
ha aooaairsd of as oapaUa of oonseiousness or thought an4 feeling, namely, tha nerrea and
•Oarpanter ramida both tbahntarior and poetnlar partbof the oerebram as additton* paeoliar
oily to ttaahoman Drain. ^
4 We sea no raason to mppoM tbat tha ooaseioos and tho onoonaeioaa aoal may not have some
powers In oommon.
1 It muit be manifest to any reader of Carpenter Md Jtoier, eren moda»telya<Kiaalnted. with
the menttf and moral eonstltattoo of tiie hamaa mtnd. th«t the peyotaolocioal uppUcation of mamr
«£«SShMteal phenomena by both 04>penter and 'errier are lamentablYllefeeUhre and inoo^irtant :
•SSihoaShJiaSSarot them deny the esMenM <K the aoat. the reader ialwiielrMtta infer that that
mm tm nin n m ■ « iwa*hin».i« fc wi a ahtiM tomAa np ot at » f a el l a l M matt e r a n d narr aa Their l aa a of ula a r
SSetiMtnaldlaomSeDt between the pnr^mentat natoreof thont^t or oonsoloaanaaa and ita manly
^ideal eoneomiUnta. whioh Fenrier and Oarpanter aeem ao often «o eonfnsA or mix together, probr
aSytea arisen tram a too exoloslTe stoity of pfayales. with a ne^eet of metwhyaiea.
Irain, tat of an
ilM grar oaUolM iii*tt«r. As tlMM w* th« only two ro brt M UM AT^kikU ia •OMtiliMirti «t
«h« Mntoom or brain, if thoofht, «to., to • fwMtiaB of ttio owobram or bnia •! dl, i« mom
bo A foneUon of on* or olbor (rf Umm two oobotuMM. . ^ ...
(1) II Attn bo proTod thai Um norroo In tbo oMrobrom oro noi tlio orRon of tbongbt or
«onMioa«nMm bnt onlv • link lor tnuimltlinff mMob boiwoon th»» orfM ond Om body Fmr
if UiMO nerroo www Uio orgon of donwionni«n, tbooght or oonMioomoM wonid alwayo bo
«iporiMiood wbonoTor Mlian itm in tho norroo ; oad vie* vtna, Umm mmld tAwmjn bo Mue*
in^ noTTM whonoTtr tkifo wm tbo oorrnpondinff tbooght or ToHtton { bat this io woU
known not to bo tho omo. Tboa in ■onwttion. eOMoioniOM io notor oiporionoodtiU tho
Mtloo, moving inwoid on tho norroo. boa poMod tmn thorn into tho togion of tho ^nj oollnkr
mottor; and if thaoo narroa aro tat or tho grof ooUnlar vatlor m novo d . eoMoio«aa«M or
tbooght from Um narro aation ii not oxporianoad at all Again in ToHtion, notion, moving
outward on tho nonraa, norw tnkoa |daeo till aftar tho thoo^t or volition ftodnoing itlMa
takon plaoa in tho TO«bm of tho gray mattar, and hao aant ita oonaaqnont affoot on to tham ;
and if tha gray mattar ba rsmotad or tho narvaa <«t, tho thooght or volition may tako phuM
without tha oontaqwnding notion In tha narvaa tahil« |ilaoa at alL Thia provaa that theaa
«ar6bral narvaa ara a link of aommuniaation to and from tha organ o< tbooght, hot th^r aio
not tho organ of thooght itaalf.
Thay ara alao known to bo organiiad for tha traaamiaaioti of molaeohtf aaMon to and from
tha organ of thooi^ bat thqr r«v««l no organisation oorraapondiMt to thonght itaalf.
(2) li^Mn alao ba provad that tha groy oalhdar natlar of tho oar abwm ia not tho organ of
thooght or oonsajonsnaaa, bat oniy a rnadinm of oowwwnlaation batwoon tho organ of thooght
or oonsoioaanoaa and tho narvaa faading to the bo^. Fot if tha grey aallnlar matter wore tho
organ of thooght or eonseioawaaa, than the power of thoni^t or obnaeionBnaM rohiMng to any
partiealar aanae or volition eonid never bo azardaad wkea the gray oettnkr matter of the
eeiobral aiea partaiDing to that partieoUyr aense or volition was ahniiira preeant «4 nhlnipalred.
Botitiawell known Ihat thia power of thooght or ntmsidawaniBB pettainteg to • pMrtietfar
aenso or volition oan be, and is, esareiaed, even whan tha gny mattv of the eorraaponding
oaiobral area ia totaQy deatroyad ; and therefore tlw gray matter is Bothing mote than n
mediom of moleealar action between the organ of thooi^ and the narvee leadteg to the body.
It maat be admitted, on the gronnd of proof famished by the lataat diaooveriea, that though a
aansoiy motion, moving ininrd, eannot reaoh and jptodooo thooght' or oonaeioaanaaa vnleaa
4h^f fnrrf mfMnAiwtfi gray iialliil*g wHar imimpMrwd to fai the niMJin im ; yetthoorgaoof thooffht
<ur oonadooanees is there, and ia itaalf eonaeiooa that nmo of Ita parta are impairad, and that
it possesses all ita wanted einpaeitiea of reoeiving the asnse i mpt oss i on, ooold the Im p r ssa i o n
only ilNMb it ; if the sensory motion laila to rea^ it and proqaoe oonseioasnees, it most bo
beeaase the gem eeUalar modiam whioh eonveys it from the nerve is awanting.
So, also, whoi » vdUtioii is made to move imy part of the body, and ihoagh it oannot
reaeh ^o narvee and move ootwaid if the eorreeponding grey maktor of the eerebnim is
removed, yet the organ of thought, whieh makea the vditioo, is there, and is itself eonsdons
that it makea tho volition with none of ita parta or eapaoitiee in referenoe to that volitional
aet impaired; when, tfamrefwo, the volitional aot fails to reaeh the nerves, it mast shnply be
beeauso the gnj oellular mediam between the orna of thought and tho nerves is awanting.
Thus, in tiie ease of all the aabnals operated on by Pr. Fenrier, after the removal of^Oie
gr^ oeUnUur matter oonnerting with particular norvaa of seose or volition in tho^oerebi om , it,
is evident that lUbe organ of oonaeioasnesa or thought was entire in all its parts and eapaeitieo ;
beoausa Uie animal, evidently aware of no defect in any'of the ports and power* of eoneeions*
neae pertaining to t^ partiealar sense or v<ditieB, and manilsatly having ^qsio of them
impaired, ooold be distinotly aeen tiying to cateh the aoand or asnso impression, or to pat
into tha bo^ tiie requisite volitional atovoment, faiHag to do so aaij boeaose tho gray edlalil|
medium waa awantug. If sobm portion of the grey auitter wae left entire, the eonseious
animal saooeeded to • oerttthi extoat, aad evidently triad to do more. So far aa tha eimseioas
net was eoneeraed. it see m e d to ho perfect ia all ita parte } tho faUara ajroao fiwm iSio deleot of
pbyaieal meana to cany it out.
The human subjects (referred to by Dr. Fenior) with the esrobrnl gr^ oeHater matter
■ffffBrt**'ng witii oertaia aervee of sense or volition deetroyod by diseaae, were oonseions of.
haviagiiU the parte a^d capaoitiaa of oonseioasaeoa relating to thrt partiealar iMnso or volition
parlsctly entire.; If, t6t eaample, it waa a aoand thay wanted to hcMr^ or a toaah thfy wanted
to fad, they were quite odasoioas of ratainiag ihetr fall powers df beiag aid* to hoar it or to
ied it should it only come; aad they kaew that they pat forth the same e w asab u a poirers of
or of feel^ la the attoapt to catch the sease impressioia that alvw tlMy had used
W MHI % m phytieal yMUl owM"** **■ a«>tnptote ; they faileii in twriiig nr feaHBtf ■iinply bacanaa
tlia sense hnpresd<m oould not reach the organ of eonseitnunees from want of tha gray aHkttor.
Agaia, ia cases where the same class of human sabjeets had the cei^ebral grey mattat poijWaing
K^l
M.
~\
i^
eAiffl!gffeta«ii*- -.Jiilic fi
^ 'II- #■ . ^^■«l
1
I
to aviite TOlMiMMl
pMta Mul MpadHw of lh«
• M
JMliu) la, ttw Inilyldad wm wmMloaa of no dofoeta to ter m tho
o(gu of momUniMmM wm ooBMtBod. Ib tfyfaHt, for •umpU, to
inoTO ft !•■ or incw. ho wfti oottMiou thfti ho totod with ftU his ^nu%td pow«n, ftnd that to
Ur •» thoVaMlOM toUtiooftl Mt wm ooooMmod that wm ftU right. In tho porta ftnd powan
of oonMlowaaM i«latiB« to that pwrttaolar flnflar, ha kaaw of no dataat ; ha knaw ha mada
tha ToUtkm with thofMM aoiiaotniMnaaa. and with tha aftma parta of tha aonaoiounasa, aa
•T«r ha had dona it hafon with, whan ha had powar to nova tha flnffar ; tha ilngar failad to
iBOTa, aothaaMuaaayMMrtefthaorianof thoochtwaa ftbaant,tat baeaasa tha gray aaUaUr
' Badiam batwaaa it and tha navtaa WM lanorad.
(8) Agila, it ooold not ha thai tha gva7 aaUmhtf maltar of aaothar pUaa in tha oarabrom
< ' aonld parfom ^ pfoxj tlia fonatioii of thoofht or aonaoioaaaaaa in bahalf of tha gray aallolftr
^ mattar ramorad. Baaauaa, in tha flrat plaaa, tha Bgo or organ of thought wm oonaaioaa of
doing ita tnaatiotta in aaah aMa with tha aaoM parta and powara m it poaaaaaad bafora tha
of tha gray mattar; and. in tha aaeond phMO. Fatriar'a axparimanta ahow, and ha
himaalf plainly atalaa, that tha gray oaUnlar mattar of aaah plaM in tha aarabrain ia aoanoetad
with only ita own aal of narTM; that thi^pay aaUokr «||t|ar aonnaatad with ooa aat of nartaa,
of that nartiaalar kind of
narTM and thair own im— dtataly i
proxy in tlwaght. tha gray aaUolar BiaMar mi
▼oU^on t and thia, m now |rafvad. It aannot
oaa plftM of tha o aia U i u n aaoMt do by proxy
U. ThoalorathamyeaUalaraMllarlaBOt
BorardoM by proxy tha work of tha gray ealfolar maM*i^ MUMtad with imoHiar aat ; that ha
aonld not affaat any ona aat of nanraa. axaapt |y a t l m n l ai hn tha gi^ aalhilnr mattar imma-
ilaltli iiuanaiitafl with thaaa narrM; and thai ha aoold aol prodoM anr pMtiaolar kind of
oonsoioQa aanaatlflii. oaaapt by iaaving afttiio Upa gray aaUolar mattar whlah partainad to tha
'^ atimnlaiing tha organ of thbaght throogh
I gray mattar. To ba aapabto of aating by
aapaUa of aaUng by proxy in aanaatiim and
It la plain, than, that tha grar mattar of
work of tho gray mattar of aaothar plaaa-of
organ of thought j for tiia vary aonditkma of
tlU #ay maltar ba5« ao wool* lii^ply, that wllm parta of tt w«a ramorad tha gray maltw of
ona ptaM or of ooa nai%a aManaatJon in tha oattbmm woidd hata to do by proxy tha work of
aanaationorvoliliooflorthagrqrmafttarof anotharpkaaorof anothMrnarraooDnaation. Bat
it hM baan dirtinetfyprorad that tha gray mattar navardoM thia. Tharafora tha organ of
thon^ ia not tha graw aaUnJar mattar, hot th»;aoal iHiiah aWdM in it; and tha gray mattar
ia aimply tha madionrbatwaan tha aool and tha ^kiarvM,
9. ThaiBon«liuioBf ^ban, to wUah wa ara diMnatly brooght ia, that M ihara ara only two
poaaibla raUalanoaa in tha oarabrom (or brain): aonaahn^la m tha cvgsn of thought or eon-
■diMitwtat. Til., tha narvM and tha gray oaUnlar mattar; and m it hM baan alaarly damon-
Btratad by tha loraa of aatabliahad fMta (1) that Iha narrea ara not that organ, and (S) that tha
gray mattar is also not that organ bat aimply ^a madiom or aabatanoa In whieh that organ
mviaibly dwalla, tharafora that on{an of thdoght or oonaoioosnaM is tha aool. Gonaoiona
aenaation and volition are fonationa naithar of tha narvM nor of tha gray mattar, but of an
in^ibla aomathing inhering in tha latter ; and:that inviaiUa aomathing endowed with sensa-
tion and ToUtion, is endowed with fealihg, eonaeienea, and all the other powers of the eonaeioaa
aool, and ia the aool. , „« .^
n. Pari of tha aabatanoa of Of foregoing argamant may be pat in a shorter and different
1. ConaeioosnaM or thought eannot be a foastion of tha narvM of tha eerebnim ; boMasa
in no eoM is rnmsnirmsntas or sensation ever prodaoed by narre aotion isolated from ita asso-
eiatad gray matttt, ^K» fl*a oonaeioaa Volition ator prodoM nerve aetion so isolated.
9. Naithar is oonaolonsnaM or tiioaght n'fanetion of tha grey oallolar mattar of tha oere-
bram ; for if it wwo, the eonaeioaa power taraeeiTe a partiealar sensation woold be lodged in
the eerebnl gmy matter eonneeted with tha^aarvM of that partiealar sense, and the eonseioas
power to will a partioalar volition woald be bdfad in the gray matter eonneeted with the nerves
of tha^ partiealar volition; baeaose, m already proved by Ferrier's axperimonts, tha grey
mattar of ona plaM or eonaaeted ifith one sat of nervM in the eerebmm, cannot do by proxy
the work of the grqr matter of anethnr plAM or eonoMted witti aaothar sat of narvea. Bat it
ia known that tha eonaeioaa power of roadving a partiedlar senM or of willing a murtieolar
voUtionaxists, aadiaaxertad, ovm when tho gray aallalar mattar eonneeting with the narvM
ii that pMtfawlw aanM or tpUtion is eatiirely removed; tharafora eonaeioasnen is not k>dged
la tho gray eslhriar matter. And if ao^'kdgad ia this or in the nerves, thoM two being tha
onlrpossiUa sidMtaaaMin thaembraai, it moat be lodged ia the invisible and eonseioas soaL
mTZpiiBi <Ud tha powers ol thOBriit or aonaaJonsBMs abide ial^ ntfVM furin the grey
asiltthg amttar of the eaiwbmm, thoof^ or eonsaioasaess would be a physieal fgytion. Bnt
•very i^iysieal funotion imvitdUy reqairM » apaeiai p^yfieai adaptation of matter for ita work ;
boBsaqaeni^, waso thought or ocmseioasneM a fanatkm of tha nerves or of the grey mattar of
the earebmmi than would be a speeial physieal adaptation of ona or tha other, or of both, lor
■*ff**-^"*"t""-'
i"
*
Ihtawwk; Iml •wki.no* III. cm., for boih ol lh«« «• «itir«U trojd ol •"•kW;
tK mttm o! Ui« owebrmn •!• •P«okUy MUplad for •o.wylaf ■ioUo.Im •alkm to and 1^
£ <^ of ttSliSr«d for noXl»« i- ; iod th«|rqr m.tt« of Ih. ««Jj22J.J^i^
BO SSSUonfor thought, bat i« to robttMioo Mid or«Mil..t|on. or •*^»t"°°if^5S
»XlBte« to om MOM b«tai of tb« mm •ppuMit ctmmiMtMon m thM of mothw moml or
SSfSSLSiCrto^ofTSTToMtkH... TSthM^.^Crf*;. »^
15; JCSomTI ^!fSml funotkm. wHho«t . q,Ml4 phyriaia org-iiMtlon to th« MrONram or
hMin for tho fanetkm, if • oontndiotlon of all rvMOB tnd oiiMriMiM.
IV In ifi totoir «TU«nM of th« •b«»ditj of Mppottog "«««»»»•'•<«-»«""•"*? ^
m,tnnMou of tb« o«w» or gi^ mirttw of tho o«rt>rwn;— w«« foeh th« mm. thought or
SiSiSS dS M\r3l Mbitew dMth. If thoofht or oonMkmniM- wwt • phyttod
SSuSi •SbSGS«2i— tty with two mH of prop«tlM,Tta..oao tho ordtoMT phjslj^ •»*
^^fl^tlSoiM^raudutUm ft* tho ofl&M of toCMamiiiMMon bot«o«i tbooght mi4 tte
JS^d£lJSJ?KS»S^^^ >ith.fU.tDlM..,»oo.^«i.Mlo«for«-
ffiSaTto dS»«S«irtho MTfbnim or bnto; iikl to t£o MMMd ptooo. two *Md^
SSiS?M of lEMmo tohMMOo. for ofBoM to oDtiMly ditf««it. mo «tt«lj i-P^"*"*
fiffirSS2N^imr5JSth.or,tn».,ttwoald ^U^^M^ '^J, •^^tfjfKli? ^^£^
ofmol«mli« MmmaBlo.tkm to .nj pM of tho <mfknm would, aon^ to «-»• *»J^^
•Lo tho oth« fanetloa of thought fotottog to thut aommimiorttoo ; ^'^'^^^J^^^TSI
iSmidw th«t Mt tho one 6toM of foiMlioiu to motion, iaiwdtotriy aft^ d Mth. 7«J4 "J*
STMOMUmtooM or thought to Mtltity. Mor«.T«. thi. would bo Jho mm •*«» to Ufa, for
!£ SIuE of ioS?phjri«id mM^ij to tho MBO n^im woold taoritrtiW •tonliio tho
JS^tpSST^tS;; «S^«k.oonditi^.onw*iW»F«rri«j»dothm^
^MMtlnMnto. wOTdd benttorly impoMiblo. whioh wm to robdoo md ■*oP^ »»»• "^ *I
Stto^nrSiSw ttSf. to cidor thit thoj 1^^
•^*%. iSttiifJST;. h... i^dtHHid to thi. <.hi4.fr 10^ tooTitobl, to th. foUo^ng
flondiuion. that thought or oomoidnniM. it • function of »o p-rt of the ^T^brm or bwto.
bS^ tn iiiTidbto Mmothing dwolltog to it. whioh wo odl tho ooiudoas soul; thoioforo.tharo
mtutboAioQl. * ^ * . '.
./!'
ar uid different
OHAPTEB m. , <
,• . #■■.■.-
The Cfwftrum U the Keyboard of Communication between Jthe Conicioue Sotd and the Body,
There i. rery abnndMii proof, on the bMoe of the Mine P»5y^2!S^^;«£ii;^;J*2
thrt the oerebmm (or brdn), with its grey matter mid nipM. ie nothto? Wit the keyboud of
S^mii^on between the oonwioiHi eonl uid the body ; pntttog *b» in other wordji. wo
hsTabandut eridenoe. that the only fonotion performed by the^y inatter •^\^^*ot
^OM^erebram. which i. to any way trtated. to thought or oomcioumim^ u "»?;»? *»»*,*3««:
Sdm of moleonlw impreeeioni ol mum or of mdeeular motions of Tolition, neither of whwh
funottone «re of the jnttufo of oonsdousneM or thought. ^ *. ,_,
iJinTest th#nS«r«nd the grey nutter of the cerebrum with power of conceptioB, feel-
ing. SiSSLsmSSonr. Tolitlon.*.ti.. to the f«» of the clMtest eridenoe to the eonteary,
K SSnSatton of mrtaphysical and phynok^ truth. »^,*S»1~»«°» Jlf-JJi. ^j£
the raamplM furnished byVhysiologioal rMcatch or experiment, ihore is not one whioh giyea
any countonanM to the suppodtion that a single function of thought or conioiousneH is vested
to the maehine*t of the cerebrum « btato. ' . . .. _j. *. i. j *v.
TDBegtontog with the eeiebral nv^htoery pertaining to sensation: what work do the
bstVm onenseand thftgr^ matter associated with them rMUy perfonn for "rLlght is
molemdar action of one iort. Jound of another «>rt, and touch of a^wrt ff~* *«2,f^
the moment any of Umm motions ceaeh the soul, eonsetous seuMtion of apMtienlartondtakM
plaee, wUeh the eonseious soul reeogniitog, toi
. the^e tools of scum are no part of theorgan of consciousness, but just the meanirt^
iriiidi the etmwdous soul obtftins senM Impressions from t|iings in the ou^er worid, wMctt
' ^:'^'^iVv"^.■■
imyiVMioiui it inlwpi^, Md in •oao«dM<»wi»h vhidh intorpwIMioM i« lomt ita eontipttoB
iri«l S£«t mTwSbna mMtiiitefy do., for «• h«« if rimplj »• •o«»*y *« *J* ^^f^S?;
eoM!S^of ftbI?thiDgt in MOOidHio. thmwilh. Tho •o»'^>*«P»:*^»J^«I^
252Sriy m{SI«^^ of i»t«i««teliooMi of«m<.«Pjtoii toij «h<iworkof «h*
ASB^inflSiBg on thTlM. of •nuao. Untoi^Msor ^ ««^ • »»*j2Ji^Z
W^rStSiHnSShinMj do« in thi. ««•. i. t^^
by^ inSMretoSoo if whioh. ttao oouMiou. tool form. • MMtption of *>»• *W«>«; "J *'£S!
L51!S:rJ^t.inSf.«t««J;f^^ AUtUtthon-rwi
JS^JSiffi^ I«««l^«oMdouay. option tM^
^JMt from irhi.h th.y ..m.. I torn n»y wmMptiMi of^th. obj.«t !» .••«»*^ T^,^
oMTthkn mwdy to «KiaT.y to the wnieiona mwI tho.. nwtlflo. whidi ptodn.. th. ■»■•
nrMttitetions. . .
ThM. prino^lMi twtj in a liiniltr maaam to tfl th. oth« mmm. ^ - , - ;^_, , »,j-_
/« ThJ^iligMtf to th. .^biia m«d^
4.«rtptionr55i?TO «»**«•»* th.n«»..in tU..M.donottiiiig «««%«J^iS?!^
^^tiSThoav MTtdn motoralar motion. initiatMl by the wnMioai loaL OoMotouinw. i»
3thJ^i«SISSn.M in their •rtion.thnni. i" «»r* SS°*^i2L'^*^iiftolhI
•it totoirth?«Mn?w.y Md towodne. th. mm. rmolte. Thu., thew fa noWng totte
JTmSSSthehSX t9 di^tingofah it in ito
idn^olodZTdfa^ wiU only eonfirm whet it. rm.. wh n. np to «ie pMrnnt do m«»^
S55?n£I^r3SrS oSSSi or br«n fa M^^
SoM^SSoi^ th.body,-thet eUthe workof th. «^^
Fa4sU FuHherCm^frmatory of the Foregoing Chofter.
- F«rt8 tb^ still further Aow thet th* eerebram i. tiie n«te ^^S!^^^^,^;;;;^^
..^iT tTntw wnnaa —&<!«■ thet diow. thst if the flerebmm or keyboard of the wnmiou. eoni
SSi^^^SSS^SSTbiimktt^^^ -d theeo«^o«.«nd faeut^;
M^ZS£nthr^SenffT. Une. eonneeting with the eentree of tiie imeonmioa. ^
fa1S^S!l5teSSmS^
^\^^StiSiS^^^ia^ of a monkey, dog. plg^. ifah. ^^i^'Jl^^i
that b» ttlS!Ltotteh"eto.. of the outward extrMnitie. of the narvea '^ *»?«?»*» ""i*^^
wiS^thTSnteTS th. oneooMton. «><il. the enfant ^J^SSA^JS^SS^f"
affSemotioB. whfah it hae bein aeeoetomed nuMMetooely or aatoma^dty liSSSSTi
JSffl!i.TgrdSf ^iwything tiial doeenot need the intmpoeitton or the wpaAitendmwe of
TheoriSDationof aU motion, however, depend, npon thfa toodi o» Wetfon^wllhoiitJ^
t^mihSi^SSSlSttdinoliSr »J»«»»««!'?*-^"5S11S^S^^
!li»rfl«^r.»faMi ■nnmi toheoomphit.lT shot np from ttie body and the ootar wond, and to
impNMion
itfonnaite
work of tiM
iL
•U tluik mj
■rUin moltt-
iodooloim
;■ or dbjooto
100 ivilli iho
intlMWlioto
M tks MOM
KitiUteUte
arioamm* i»
of fh* luiftiiro
lii known to
rtli«pofpoM
I bj refriw's
Mrt all ipinra
doMsavedly
ofintorMtiTe
id.— Mid that
inadoas tooL
Um flomeions
tonsdooB Mai
Dol is eat off ;
(midoaa loal.
eoM and toli-
iBunit ndtor
going tiuongh
flO UlfOQwbf '~*
&tand«Me«l
r, wUhonifho
HMOooMioai
rworiA,«iidto
■howtiuit tlM
toabtotoiniti-
pailot
oMpRMeeJUng
■■■■/ ■ »: ■ ■'■.'■■■'■':"•'
from tho omtTM of ttM onMOMknu Mgd.— «id whan inltiatod bj toooh, aMdoao antonatlMllj,
iBMhMiiMUT, and nngoidad by Iho wbt sbow of oooMioaB intdligan^. For Ulvatrationt of
ibis kind of pbanooiMt*, sM works of Floorons, Looflsl, <le.^on «bo Bsasofal of Mio OorolNral
HomisphoNs in Pigsoas, olo. ; FMitor's •'Foneliflas of fka Brain," olo. V. ^_*__^
9. It is toond, that if oao bsmiq J wro of tbe homan ostobram bO rsmOvad or dostroyM*
tbo half of tba bodf nUflh is on tbo onJKMdto sido, bat «biflh oonnoots with tiio abstraotnd
portion. Iseomptotdyparalysod; tbatis.aUpowsrofsaisatkmbvthooonsdoassoalSroaitbat
ridle of tbo bodj; and aU powor of tolition orar it. is OomploteW lost; wbllo tbo fnnMions
depsndina on tbo osntrss of tbo anooosdoas sool and OB tbs other bsmispbare of tts oerA
an aU ooinpiete. and go on as before. The eonaetoas sool also oan go on with all its f obStiMis
of thoogbt, tselUig, and Tolition, tbe same as before. It follows then from ttieoe faeto. ttal
this bendspbeie of tbe eesebnim is faidispenssbly neetasaiy as a nerve k^boaid to one side of
tbe body, and that it Is not nseessary for tboii«bt, Iseliag. volition, or anything else. ^ If this
holds troe of the one hsmisphMO, tbe same thing most hold trne of the other. H both hemis.
pheres were then removed, all jpower of sensation and yoUtion over the whole body woold bo
lost, while ihoaght, feeUng, and volition mi|ht go on as bsioto in the oenseioas seid.^thoagh
oompletdy Isolsled fromthe body. Tbe whole earebram then is the nerve k^beard between
the whde body and the eonseioas sool. and it is notUna else. If thoogbt, teeUng, ete., oan
be poeRible. dbiehever half of the oerstenm be roBe<ved. then thoogbt. feeUng. ete., are not
'located in either haU. bat in something else— namefy. in tile «mseioas soid itself. .
8. It is found, that if any of the nerves of sense or of volantaiy motion leading to iboMN.
bnun are^-severed. the oonaebas sool loses all eomteani«ation with the loealities of the body
with wbidh they oonneat This also shows that it is from the eetebrom as a eentre, and the
nerves Unas tadlating from it, that the oonMsioas soal ma intaimi eommanieation with the
Tarioas parts &l tbe body.
4. Anin (Mpeating some of the sobstanoe of a fotmOr ohapter), it is foand that iltho
nerves and grey inatter in the oonbram pertafating to,inypartiealar sense or tohtion. a«o
removed, eommonioation with the body throagh that partiealar sense or voUtioB is deelvo^ed.
bat tbe organ of thoogbt or eonsoioasness pertaining to that partiealar OMse of volition is
still nnimpaind : thas, if the part of tbe eerebnim psrtahihiff to the Tohmtary movement of
my right hand is destroyed, thoogh I cannot move my right hand, yet I have still eonseioas
power to will the movement of my righi hand. The port of the eeribram removed, oaanot
^en be tbe oigan of thoogbt ; ob nei«ber oan any parttof it wbiobstttl remains b» that omn,
beoaose it is known that one part of the earebram miver does by proxv the work of andttor
part ; thanfore the organ of thbajsht is the loal, and ^e eersbram is its koyboard of eommani-
eation with the body^ I . V
5. Lastty. if the eonseioas wiU to niove the tight hand ii located faa one part of the cer)^
bram, so then it can be proved to be loeated in eva^ otb^ part ; and thas wo.shaU have ai
many filgoas as there are parts in tbe eerebrnm. Ten Uves to a eat aro a goodly endowment,
bat traly this gift would be parsimony itself compared i^th the namher of soaU and wills with
whiob matariaUsm would endow man. . « ^t.
The cerebrum is the nerve keyboard Of eommanieation, and nothing more. For otber
important feets eonfirmi^ory of the truths maintained in this ohapter, we speaiaUy refar the
reader to Ohiqpter It^ Bee. n.
CHAPTER y.
■;* ' ,t:
F^uttt which art ExpMnei to the Thwtf o/ thi* Work, owl vhith art geturoUff tttmtraHvt of
the Maimer in which MiOeevlar AetUm and 5piril ifetion, at the Oerebrumw Brain Ce$itrt,
t^eet <me another. .■■■;;.' ■■"'>/'■.' V '•■■:■ ^■'•- ■..:■- r^'i;^ ■.-■■■
As repaatsdly stated and proved thronghoat this work, the union between tbo sool and
the matter of the oerebrum or brain oantra, in otdor to eOnstitato a suitable eodaeetion. must
bo BO close ana constant that eveqr khid oiaetion in ttio one must prodoee some kind of action
in the other; that Ui is an aUiance in whidi spirit unikp with and inheres in nutltar, and
that therefore whatover distaibs ths fonetions of the onolvinst disturb tbo fbMtions of the
oibm. When this prineiple is kept distumtly in view, a veiy large slasa of y>fo«"»^>y»gy»
pertaining to the joint notion of soul and body is fas|||y «Moant#d for, and tbo who)o talqeat
Kept clean fliom the dirt of natorialism.
1. 9anwniion o< esBselonansas in sleep :-Oa aeooont OC the neesssity of a anion on the
principle of «»Mtant eo^Mtion, as above statsd, it wonid bo imposdble lor tholiody to rest or
leenpsfat^ bad not tho<heatw protidea means of enbdning the conatant aeHtity of the owi'
sdoas sool by the suspension irfeonseioasness in alesp. ~~ ~~ ~ ^"""^
^^iL.
-.\
/
'€
i
80
urn, thiki the "t^o* Sl**°\f"^-^Sl!!!2e »T«!^ to bo .atlTriy ooi»eloi». nuj bo
r JySS^ -i^^^^^^ p„>,Wo« m.ao toajUivT tho
SSlS'ilSf -ISS?-^^ ^^^ "^ ^''~*' ""^
tho Und Mqniziog low* ni«»t^ •???*•# ti,« fnnaftimu of tho oonBoioiui aooj, whrn wralW?*
^ 4. iSdtj/or • dor«8«»»^^ Tho
tho .etioii of tto phyi^la^oo^^^JJJJJ.^ dlneo«iM«y««Ut. ofiho M»e
intimikto aUiaaoe. IntojioMM^ ow .^o" «« ^ ^ ^^ oomoIom Mia mmI good it to
Srto of tho oerebmm. »»««««f," J^J^^SST^ «">«»* <>« grotiflcation whioh.
}Kii';f^*«S':>2S*t!friJftJS^ of .00.0.-1 tond. v. ko.ptho.oal
^^^SAa>mhji'»«^ dUK— or old W -y •»«> »>• «!»»•»»«* bjtho«««
V^jli*^ ., 11 .i..t .11 thftM i4 »ffl ^AAI* agfloto piodocod npon tho body by mm^
' 7. LMtly, lot «• •Ji^S^J'^SnpSSoxy, or oW doitth, on tho wooptlon of bod
««Kataflaj«-^^ Tooddpno«oeMO.of
^Itaituiii M0«« ilMwlutoIy noodloM.
. ReUabmof Phrenology to the Theory of thi$ Work.
j*k . « ^...«^i> «ith thi. theory ond thoM fMto, how mud» of tho
# Wo may now inqniw ^'^"^g^^^^^JlA mort or at l6..t "«jny of thopro.
aootrin«.of phr«»ology i. truo^Wotow J"^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ physiologifljl
' indiotto Mmo 8«»ffr«l (wul qnjHtio.. J^«». ^J^ g^S^w in tho oonrtitntion of tho
«*'So::^*^ "-^ "' '*■ prrt«»ion.. tho following ^ now
our redi (winion. roqpoeting it:--- . _^ .^,_ ^i^ -aa|j[ ^Mke thought, fooling, or Toliti<m
^XaU.«^«v«ytMngJto>^^ SJJoint^ . ftmotion of q>Jrit
. . aftwotiim of iwttw. or 2jfOM^
|-p«»d»tonwmo^t»noe|Icmwi«h^tt^ oonunnnitottlon with
jre^iirtmim oe !«««*«» JJL'^Pi *^.^itawoAinSrito wlwto work. Bool ondbryn
»team bo
^s^^&^'Q^l^s^f&irJ^
t-bodyboloo
ndTOlftUmoi
I ombnunb
•lleomw
at
ibKWib* ntttovod.
'S¥f
:^w^^r^^\
. ^^ift^-M
Tbara ii not » lingb weU^iathMitiofttod last to irainnt the Mramption. ih«* Tarioiu
nhytiMl orauu u* looiU«l Arooiid the eerebroni or brain, one of wUeh iiiTee the Mntimentoi
itt^erolenoe. another that of eon«ientioiune«^ a *»>Wtoe ^ ?L . SL»*«.l«»?ffi2
U there anything bat the memt eonjeotnre to ■awport the ojrinion ^ t^o^^ theee
paS^ the e««!brnm or brain mioht not be endoved wfih the fonetioni of tiiotaf^t. feeUnif.
rto:. they might nenrtheUee bTthe portions of the oewbmm ojr br^ in 'W«\*>>« P^, ^J
Se ionl wwSi poeeeee theia fonotione might Inhere. There ta no eridenee to ahow that the
oonseiona eool & thne divided into different parte «r oigana for the perfwrnanee of ite fono-
tione. bat erenthing in mental edenee to show the oontW. The eonji^tM eool is one, in
aa iU members and aU its fonetidfis. The Ego, *as one whole, does aU its work.
While denying theee things of phrenology, we admit that a huge eerebnun probably indi-
«atee a hweand powerful soul, and that it indioales good phyiieal powers of obserta-
tion. and peat will api inilaential power ow the body ; wd that a good frontal and top
developmaiit may show intelleotoal al|d moral predominanoo. whdeategebrain "wward m^
ifflirkore of the general oharaeteristies of the animal The body is boittap and maintained
bT the Bowers of the seal ; and the eharaoter of the brain and other parte of the bodr^tfe, no
doubt, afleeted by the eharaeter and powers of the iooL The brains of idiots, for instanoe.
awSdktinetlypeealiar. bntsoaUoaretheotherpartsof their bodije. We ipay indeed fator
toaVaenerd waysomething of the eharaeter of the eonseioas soul from the eharapter of the
SalnThwaett inhabits; but the. true test of ito ehaiaeter ia the test of its quaUties in
4ai]ylile. / .
:\ ■■-T "■"■■■'. ^CHAPTEBVn.' ;„;.,•;
Ohtutly Poiter over Matter. •, .
1 With referenee to the power of ghosts or departed spirits to <»nteol or produee efleets
i« natter Either by "snirit.rapping^'or in any other way* the whole thing resU on the
SoS^^ lli.St5Sr<E?to be seSfc«nti»e isctaoBwhieh our w^e theory
SJrSat»5ttaig but a body, and one organiaedioo, in a manner analogous ito ^^
SS' eS VS tteluman soifi in a way eiOier to exereiae eontrol om matter, or to H influ-
^OBd by it. Of angelie endowments in these reqMets we say nM^Bf- ^^ . , ^ j V^liT
^ 2 It U lOso e^eat, that as it is by the powers of the tool that tte ^J«»J«J»ofy.^ »S*
i£ and maintained, so it is by • >ai>«», ««««P"ir^y ••'llW'i"**!*^'*''*?^^! JJ^iSSj
SLttoe^ goes to deeay. We are full belieyera in the^Tradngai *3^^ *»»• ^^^
i^erits euraeeimd anaUtiee of sottl fttwn the parents as waU as sabstanoe of body.
wl STSSvItJ satisfied, that the soul is teuly in the moat pe^ie^ ^'^JSS^A
its ewtiS^^eiistiee just before death, and that the dewepitude of dd W i^ dieproof of
SdalSt Ttotoul, io to speak, hae aequired the highest attainments of toowlejgeand
lSl3Sw.Md1S^hlgheetiwaldeyd55»«t^«^
S?S5^^«ndmore isolated fr^Tttda Ufa. ia « «K!?1S? °'/'^'*^,t" ^25!![
^awSSer Theehildishne»sof old age. arising from thebrea^ down of iU present
!^^!t«»ISm>i! U^t tiie evrainff of the first day in the roU of eternal being, with a greater day
SS? koJS. ofSrSu^db^S^ and the «ml mounta the sUei for another
world and another etage of existenee. -■ ,•...:-;.; . ■
SSM SS t?e W?^S^ Sffi^eSS^
of the mind or scml, sad i»t *« ^•<*"J"?52l iuu« axMaftad. It la no* In aooordaaae wlih eommon
^SSSmUto^; eiSlMtte^^ to ker«(«m an offloe for the sool which the litter
***^ No su^ or^ are found; tbeee parts of the twain oonstitate PWts of the keyboard. .
)\
%i
in^r
m
,1 M
• . .. . <
'. ■ ■ . > * .
'
A ''■■"■■ ■
■ *
'
■■ . ■ ■ ■ .ft-, ,
' ■
W ' •-;
■'. ■ ■ - ' ' • ■■.
■ .' -0-
OHAPTBB Vm.
.„-;■;■■..■
JProo/k 0/ (Jktf 8our$ Siciitmie*.
Hkt^bMtilMoCiQf Um aoal's nlitaDM w* UioMgiTW in Ohaptar n.,8MtiMiiL»
BM* M.*-to vUeU prooli w« mU ipasUl sttontioii. It is only in oftUr to mt» apaM «h^ w*
fSmw nvatling ttMin }i«n. Vm pcooCi gi^ m foUomi an umi*^ mvplmmtaaf to fthM*
wbioh w«r* giT«n bdbN. • r-.i.
LaH M fwiark •» ih« •ommMiMaMBt, tiak it la oftte amaaiiHr to m* tht MgenMM'wlth
iHiiob taflitob mA to disnror* th* txiatMiM of tbs Mol, joit m if th« Mo«tuifl«,of matvial-
liiie fliMriM WW* goiaii to oiTMthiaw tlM fi«ti of the whole BiU* i9»t«».
The snbetitation M^meterfaliHB in dImm of -the old, traU-eetebliihad doctrine of the eool'e
'•kielfnae. woolieertBinlj help
obligetioiw that, feet npion hint
HWH Til., intelleet. monUty or
iHenfc eiid f ev the hspniae«i of r<
■Slbe eapiOiilitiee end ohttgrti<
inflael but UtUe, if he hopee to deetioy therehr aU the
towocehip end obejQod. The faete of eouidool. ;;
«ree idU, duty, eapaeity for the miaaqr of poniah.
i--etiU lemain. The eziatenee (rf this eoneoioiuneie, and ,
^ ^„ ,_ „,_ inrolted in it. aie faeto that ewinot be gainaaid; andiV
Wit t e f a ' liteiltiiiallT Imt Ifttit t* tf^ i~e^»i /« fe~ — -t^*.^ *!.<« «« ->«lir>«t— , wtth Otm ipeman
IMoogbf^to it, itthflMa in the eaJMnee of apirit or in the aahatanoe of matter. liaMar and
mhid. or qririt are alike indeetmetible ; and ao any eombination of matter that ia poeaibie
now, is eapahle of renewal anl of inflnito eontinoanoe. An Ego made up of a oombfaiation of
matter, Mrtainly aflords to the infidel bat lew pohite of preferenee before one made of
^ If the infidel hopee to eaoape the bends of leapondhilitj by fettering his (fwnfreedmn of
will by the ehatns of mideenhur hiw or iate, his eoosdoosness f^es the lie to that hope; for li
slfowa to him tiiat even now he ia birth free and nnponrible, and ean both enjoy and^nfiw.
U an Bgo of matt«r with aoeh a eonseionwuee. is jitoiidble now, there is no eeeqpq fr&m .lh»
iMt that what is possible now, is poesible of lenewal and ollhfinito eo ntif i n sii e e ; and nnlaas
that prineiplein&h, irikioh leads him to aatieipato end drimd. a letribntive iotfire. je alif
^adit nwkea ao ttmin other things), there will be siieh emtinnaaee. If a eombinwioh'^.
sMttsr is eapahie of giring eonthuul^'of the eaaae eooaoioasneas, amid all the flax ok ebange
Sw^aeidaiioeeaBing tas timee in aUfe of aorenty yearsk whp shall prore the Im po mihility of
the oontinaity of the same eoMoioaaneae in the body of theresoneetiAn f ^
I„ tlie astiaa ol bieplMie in the bioffMwtie sells or eeiitree proTee the tgmnati of the
It is tonnd tlurfi the egg-iisims of aU aniniahi are ezaetly ihe same in ssbsliM^
eel eompoaition ; eo thet^ gsr« matter of a lion is in all reepeots the same as that of in ««.,
or of a moose, tM of a hawk, or of aAy l^ke eompoaitton wiUid» might be d hwnie al l y v^w
AU die gsnas ass eomoessd of the mmk atimsntsl ingreilienti^-'^^bwB, hydrogp, i^p:^"
eopOiined lAiliie sawMpfrapertioDs, so tiiat no ehainieal of j^byaieal tm ean distiMideh^
Isastdiflsraeioe in the one fiom the other; andaU«ndortheinleroeeope*reshowtttobewikh>\'
oat stmstore or oqpenMoii- JM» •«» »h«»» *»*»• flwk.^Nl* if »*»»*MjL<*» "^JSMf
isaigfahuor-^ eoloiwslass, riseii. stmatonleM or non<oigapaeC iobeteaeet Thi* l> ^ fm
MsSsssioA of ait seisufet «iM by tho'inieniseope and all ihe ^M^^>^ ^ t^^ ^ ^^'
istiT. Xeei^ the' wg-germ in pnpeir eonditiona, it is loinid Ihet in the seeond itege, bio*
nlairte he^Ttoiorm in toe aomK»ganiBed matter of eeehferinuand with qoiek dart-like move^-
nwisiKwwedto boild m iwd oiga«ise opt of the gam insttev the, bo!»nii blood-Tesaeb»
Bwssisa. nSree .fat short, all the |Hvto of the Varioos animals wliieb the genns MipeetlTely
JWW^ ■ Jn they»eMi>» tt oMatolaed and tailt ap the |«*J •«>/•?»«, ««»• *■ • T*IT
mtofayvMngq^ilhA^irdth^ in eaehgin ie fonne^in slieit,ayo im g anima l ,
0tm9*m eU seifsetsfrom Uf^, wi%hbow ; and yet eU the paimals eie fon»ed o^t of non-
oS^Diwp^ mat^iJi^<# ieic ^ i«ei*otsphyei*»Uy M»i m^ariaUy Hbtmmm.
^r*>Waatotlmwoar5thesoal'*eiipteneefromtheforegohi« -'
We kii^ &t,#^Nmia#^ ««(> njwoeewin «i^ige i^^hiohoausee ere ti^iMms.
llAdifEwwt JSstoKTi*.. ttalof differentlttinuas b^bn tormsd; eannotlhewloM piwjrfoat
^IwMniLniitar^beeaoseiteaU the eaeea U is ezaekly the same : theitaltfre the different
^^ito1*M ««ke vlNwiMn imnt^ibm eMMniey^tbat is not mattor. hut whidi inh«^ F it» ^
;>lM|0l^.tlMiQriBih|e8lr^^ ^■°^:\ ..}:'■■'■■.:■ .:,:... :^.:-.^ .•■-■;: ,:.. "'■•.■:.:
that minnte epeafc at atttaftmoe in"
€
m
<draof
aadfi
en of
stenei
tloa,
I
^•C
thep]
boar
l^hem
paren
arelQ
oneg
8
oaose
mi
1
fonot^
jpertii
wlM>|a
fotm<
etthei
«f«he
3
phsrt
UMibi
meinl
■ ,1
-4h«
«««
' •■ 1
ledgei
1
*AoattJs aataWoplaat,bat fbnned ouMar. AMopleat la
wtalsh tHe life fteoe haa bagonto oparaff and to form matter.
,'tife«„^ :.
^^fmf^' w^^^l'v^'^f >H^
takiiiiAtivof«ti«iat>.
mm *■'
i,Ot we my avs^io «kf IprMoiag iMta m MfoaMiooiMlnMtodia • ditfmni tea>~
til) Bvii^ini^atMiM dr tittet bM ite own irffmtfil
•*** ftf^'*?iH?*^^ *! *'»***¥^ ^'""^ "^^^
«■ of flMiMidli.^«bu4 1>^
itanm ttttU ftr ■d^<««g 'r**'f inbftonpt to it, ' ^^^
M/.^ «l*l»>«>* tl.^ «^JIM^ >f u-*^ — ,^^ iMrtlioi to It.
_^ I. Appliiiii thiM p H a rip iM te wtto th« foncoiogfMli
1. ttiilaMi!m,IM<l>*iiMtt«oIttMegt.«mnl)Mit«pc
«Im plMBoaaim of Iif«. md Uwt ft dUTeriin no rwpMt from
b» artiflditajr MMMd ; tli«fCoi;*~ibf oiraMtiTrMwwr
pknoa^M^ «! Uli, moft Inharo in torn* intMdUa am
pwinti to Dm nittlti* ol tlM afg-fiMD, ntrndy, in Dm '
,,, ^X igfd <H dlApnnt dr«9ta «itt inaffwooQiirfroni m
iMfoaned (iroinDMiUBeilA4iirBuUt«rin.tli« xMpa«D^
^dfio ginn !■ diffatfnil from iliii In Dw oDmt, ^->"~^
8. And JhifD^, M diffenmt «f «ey diniTi oom^ to
riy or p#flr of (
[ iho phWiomaiM of Dl»
rtooraiikiiMttiMfortopiodiiM
IMf iraiioh, M to ipodk, ndfljbi
Uh ocganlsM and ModiiM the
ifbieh hM boon Addod from Dm
OMUop, tborofoM tffllront •nioMls
•n-mnwh ^ m if abkn Dm a^ii fa i(^
lor, whto nott^ bat tli« iMme orliOte
of Ufo and itadiftwiiMat ooftMto
fimm odkiDi^at to oponito, OivvfoM all Um pL.,...,..^
opfi^^wbin Dm aoql is i^mor^ from Dm mattar at daaDi.
1iyii&doof ttMoii? "'^ ^^*^ "^ vomio»i,In Dm ooMbhim («r bf|tfn).^w»iiDM
. Jhpngb Itnito^w^ MtabUahod bqmd all NMonablo doabft..^Die
frmet^of^m^t. foaliiw. 9te:» §i« parfomod in DioMtobnm akma, wUdi b tba^ «
n>ai>i,jMurt of Dm"^; 7«iM^n£penona tta^i^Ulka^ a ^fit^SSu^mtSi^^
i^galao t6D»«n»na^ pdlfof thi te^7?» foOdiMnf aitiSantia ^mSuf S^
«IDinbj Dm aota te% b«Dti. or bgr Dm matted of DMl«Dn Hk ^^^ "^ ^ '"*~
iifD^ltaSi'SSSE^ "^ %pMtfriaai^ DMt aDDMMwH Umm^.^^ ^^ ^^tBmn
^*!i£r£S!S;JS**2?^ wt^ /of D&body to Dii55r«5
ii^ oS; t^ Ji«i#ipqa of^dtjbt. M
Dm
phai*
lUagjMiiai^
batwoJ^^^^^wlD.,-
' paiiaac #9"!
oCw^inaU
•f#-r "■■■
r nkatt'a '<
110 Owl lio oUmt Igo or paiaoB aiilMfcl
tUNlpia, aa tta«< idbotandon of ^
ledgad in bfaiii mlitar, la m^kfu^ to
Dm bnifli to dothaat loMtlona.
i.Th a ^
m. DAd DMngbt, Mini. m2I vomkaT aio
i fMl. and ia abaud. thara aaotfi bo a i9al in
1^ mmDht lorm oli aigaaMo* baaad ob» Dpa^
.■■;ggs
94
.! y^
Thui Ittefoitnd tilutt U ttfb right hamitj^CM of ^4 brain b* ,dMtn>7*d, flioi^|h dlooni'^
mmd^oa^w^Vb0B^ wadlh* oppn^i» dde of ^ body U Iptt. 7«t not » i^^ foM^
SSJ^mS«J3-SrSill«r fellow. If. thtiinhooghl. f«ding. "^ '»»5?',«"Jf .ff
n^faBZNTwh^^ tho brain bo 4Mtro7«d.tt foliow«thMtfcoacM.fe^
BMM?. Stho ooiaok)nkfc«iir«i4 ottiMtoM tool thonftM oitoti, mAw anJAiom wk d
uSa3&%SS^^^ iKttli h«nUph«nt ol ti^ bnOn woiotetnyod.
? ^If AolSotto?i tliSStSliot Bwformod »qr «ho ikm! dwoljlnf to «hohoinlq»h«^
it«Mt bo^SrSmod by «bo honiWKwo tKwnooltoc Bat tho f^i W«»4P]r?i!t!°S:
Thon innst Cbarafoto bo %mo Kfooo or pononi to tho aoioo bnto, whiohio noMga —«. ^
^il?Wo hSoto So l6iS^goiJ^»loo. botoopodi^ln OukF «•• 8^' n:'jK!£*£S
wd dMiilfO pwob of. tho obS'o itatonoo ; but theoo o»^ by no moooi S,SjJP«2^*S*
!!Mn««ddQoor Tho** oio numy othor oloor Itooo of oigunont. whiah, U dofdopod •• tho
rSt«^ »SS7L n^ltS ilt tW »«^" *^* t-Blto. W« diall bora mowly otto n tow of thooo
SlSSoto^pSilo^SSf thii lii«ra.to1SroIop thorn JiitptWr
' hn^^ idMrMt. ond inoft oftootifo fonn« ' ■ ..v-
^^ fi^ra io no oool to tho brain, tho mottor of tho brato nratt hnvo *w> tonetMu--«iM
^^^ loMOthor «hyiM It unit thorafon hoto on orgonlnttton to oodi lonotion. Bat to
SoteoCwhUotfiiilofoandnn onw»l»»tonoortoopoiidii^ toitofimi^-
bMidwmoliam of oowmamoWlon bSweon oool and mottor.thoralo fojm^nocKMpiaM»mx
^SSuStoSSiaiiS^ioillM montri fttootton. thoaght. floeUng.4«o. l^afim &• wnm ,
^TltaSd ondlhfiloid ttrotfOrflollod|od to tho ooino mottor. Imply two lUffownttoao-
«i«flJSIrtoffiSS^ifi«r^Two ^Swraot foMttmii to iho MAM ourtMr. toaply two
Sr&TBSSTftmrtfcnis to «ho oomo toottor >ra taipooolbio ; thoMlara <^o oit of Om
Sft&^Sl^^^ll^^ ** ooin^rthfagol^mnttor-nMioly,
SiiottortoMi no pdwor to or«|ntoo itoolf toto o body ; it n«^ <*RJW?«?« J?*? ^^J^^**
^tiSSuSmt^ST*^ thfak, feoi.^ win. with, oiytipw)-
SSt!^mJ!^^^ot^SBf. Whorator thoM io •l»wP«rty. lh«o wort bo^
SSi?S*^5«Jlr p^^ aaiiront. oooonoo. «• 'IMfelViSl!:^^
SS^lSyXtoniiMK wWoPfgiiltoio i*. niait bf ntt oMonoo dilfoitot from thit of »«»tff^
_ . . hoNvor proporty l**^. »n olomnt aiut knvc ^Bat m no
;ni<MiwtiUngimmilSiHot(tbk«k.thoooal)ma«thfi!M v.
lOiiftStpSw fitfcoooiro ooi(«ortlMo into om •aottp-M. <wtt-
tftli intoUoit. If fifkt tdiM won o pli|tfMl ftkoo. ttm^a^ othar
. omrfitili toto it. But il i^ itmnd thti no plQridaol tomi iHuMr,
ho tfMOM£% brato it «B <k|<aMs«tb>tt^ n»ivr^^
7 ClM Booit mmmSM ^ Vttki tho Hn«o ono B40 ttam )rontb fl«Mcfae«i Uffc An fgo
lJ* •*'?!f^" &Tu^<'to tho oorao Ihioqghoat UfOi bnl wwtfd bo ono of flat, ond of
I y«|«i ' bhnll wo bolio«« tho oloor otftopnoalo of. oar own orimtlov-
r|SS$|tfm)ilthf minritfiptr ,
.i;>«, sJ"..^i4^'
i-XZ
"at* »-{jg- Mij«9'^i!/M' .>'>-i'* •t^ *•*'*■
I < <
B
boimi
thodi
L
Whon
8.
tioow
•bio.
4
ilMob
6.
fhnto
ing<w
T
f%
yodid
9.
thOBil
hofo j
poond
s.
oodly
nMOoa
■oditi
nndtl
noont
Al
oat of
nudnt
fiiofoi
•17 oil
thopH
to
A
OUM^i
; Ti
. ■/■ ■ hi
Of tho
jponnd
jroMi
tfngol
nortot
B
-nf-tbo
othor
tomib
If I
y'
^
*
rn«*p|f< sA..' ••^v.-vt^^^
'\'\:' '-'.' :■•■■■■,' ■•;;■.':■.!■ ^" . .'iir-.; .M')>^- ,■ ''•■.-■ •:;:i"'i>-- .!•■:";/ ■•^J^r.-. •
CtllPdn A xk u mn d i Prm i§ tm K t M wmf to Prtmrn OUok < J<te— ■Sdhtt m giM-'^yl' Bwilyl C-
BcloM lM»rifi><^« nh|wl vhidb im Iwys bMa diiwia^ag in (btlMi ob»]>tv, it may not
b* immop«r to alMa * fnr fMi«#tl Mioin>ti« itrinetolw vliiah tm4 fc» pnswv* dMr iiiM of
tli»dikbBcMon»lMtilico(Mmluidbbd7inaUoaMtl»>^^ ,
.1. Btwy ptoptrlif most inhww in mi mmdo* or muMtuioot^iib ralMniMo, no yr op itj .
WWoTor ftpraMrtyMBttn. ■onwt«B(«r»rolMtMM«k I
. 9. Bv«7 ndMrtitDoO or mwwm htm its Own olropttri propottiM ; ind tttMO M*«v« aotht,
UMIiMIMoUOi And |»» ty M|ffT>illfti •
sTBtoj rabrtMMo or MMufle «nt«ring into • oonpoond oarriM iti own nwwiffal proMs
tiM with it, and maintoinr thorn in tho eomponnd orar aniTO, oiiohaogaahU, and intranuar-
lAta. /
4. Mo oonpoond mui ha>Ta an aaaantial propatty thw doaa not antar it by ona or aoca of
tlia alamMita. .--r""*"'^
5. livaiy proparty, diaaonrad in tha compound, that iiiaift to ba naw or diffarfnl ink'
tiiat'of any or all of tho duaanta antating ibto it, nrast be alnply a oo-bpantioti^ fir i'Mlvplt-
ing or noBtialiaation of tho p iopiMtie'a whieh entarad it in tha Tariona aba^ntf^ * ---t
To tha foragoingilTa prapoaitioas maj ba addad tha following aabordittilia ooaii ttldah
» ont-af thatt't
M
1. lUalaautaitaalidpropartlaa aithar mix (that to, anwJgamata) .with aflwra in the oom»
podid, or thagr remain dutittek
9i U we hiata di r aoratad an alMBant to be (whether misad or olhirwisa) in ii eomponnd^
thaii «M know ite propartiaa to be (whether mixed or othirf^iae) in the oompoUM V >I^A ^ ^<w
hate diaooTwadtM propartiaa of an elfmafit to ba (whether mlKed or otherwiae) in a aoi^
pomiid, than we loiow that alamant to ba (wheth« inized or othartHaa) ilk the eompo^ '
t. SlaBMnta and prqpartiee that do not mix with others ffi the eomponnd; are alwagri
aaailjdiatingaiahad in tho eomponnd. 8pirit and ita prapartiee, wUfcli e^ot be weia^,
m ea aar ad, or tasted bj ah e m i eal or phjaiaei meana, aatar aaa mix in » eompoondiirith mrttihr
and ita proparttea whUtt aan ha wei|^, measnied or teatad bj ehainieel or phjiiaal meana ; .
and theraforo thaaO atementa and thair propartiaa are eaailtjr diatlngnlihed from ona aaother4D
ft eompoond*
AMtlyiBgfibmfVitop. (4),fortheaakeof illn8tratiflai,to|hafornationof theaompoindtn^er
oiit ofhjdrofan andoxjgeii, mid the formation of the livihff eoonpoaind of Ufa, whieh Bitmj
jn aln t ai na to ba mada <M entirely of phjaieal alam«ita, and to bo » eaae preelaabr parallel to
via formation of water, it la arldflnt that no naw aete of proportiea iriiiah are iiotlb,thepdn;i-
aiy elementa, eome into.eiiatanee in the eompotind in aithar eaae. Jjid thara.la tiotfaug fin
thaphloaomenaofdthareaaatoalfoirthatoar.avioiBiahieoRaat. AU the prepartiea i^aar.
ing in eadi eomponnd, axiatad erar aotiTa in one ol mak of the j^qiaioal or apuitmd al^Mnta
autaring into tt ; andamtT froparty vhieh ajqpaam to ha paw in, the iMnaoioand, fai etther
aaaa^ ia sin^ty g eo^maraUon, or a balineing or neatialiiatiail of Ihoaa eatmng It
The a(dntioa of the qqaation <rf diiferenee between the twq eaeoa, th«^, laata on irlUkt
I loond & eaA eonpooBd, and OB what aliiBoiiti iSBtar into eaah eomp<m^
totha ifrt eaae, all the propartiaa of the oompoand #^tar aw aa^ djattngnfahad to !•
ofth««iaia|diyaiaal; thflyeaBiulte«eartainadbywoi|t^ tea^iigbyolto
pbyaieal or ahandoal apiMttn«M> There aaa, thar^prailie no immaiaiiu «Iemaat hil^ edoi.
^poniid, baeaasa eraiT aabataaae or aaaaBoe antaiiag into a oompoand oOnjee ita 'o#ii irarwrtlal
nopartiaa iHth it. Be9axiom(8).
bi tha aaeond eaae, aiany of the propartias of ^ iHiag aompoaad of Ufa are aiafbr ^
liagBi8hadtobeiiotoftiMeb8aphyrtaaI.bntapiritaal; tii7aai^natfh«i^Ww«ybia.^teii^ad
MBMi or sptusai aioaBeni ooea antar into tna itviag aompoqad <p lifa*
" Kb ttia mm^ dead phyaieal matter or protophMn, of Ub, thaao i» no pimai% ki
pagnd that was not fai^u phyaieal elemeata Oat aniicad into ijk: BamiartiMpit
<aaia^^
_^ Bat hi the Itrlag oowpoan^ of life there ar# wopartiea added to the ^Nnirtlflnt
math waira not in thaKphyiloBl; eiemanta of the dead matter or protophMon: fhiy are not
t i Hk m daaa wiy i i a al. and oaaiwt ba aaaa r tabed b y w aiahing. maaaa i iM. or fMiag by Moy
itTfoeSig, '
other p&niaal or ahemieal
tolltfOB, or ttuMo properUea
aneh are the
, oo-opezating with or
isn
of tlmeght.
and
nefng ornaatnillsiBgfllaxrfihara
#■
i*'if»fffW<
^s^^ssa^sirss^ii^iSssT^'' ""^ *»»»»»—*
■,y I
gg^ *!*^* fy<«*' [— .yJ«»W] J, "i* - ^ £oih»rtain<]r Hurt no B^ phTilail or an.
'*^*'^*<^*^ ^^ ™^**' ollite«Q amkovp tho Utteit mibmuA of
, M «• mom thai Um Mml moMrtiM •imMniD* in Htm oomnoiuil w« not
thclhing
1 !T^TZT* 1 r* ■■•^ vmm^tam mhu prap«niM. aitpMniBf in tbo oompoand wo not
nUahioMlp^rdMklof aatvlal ImabMn addad tp tiM diid iMtltt of Ufa to BAks
looji f oaad. not «l«B«it li iaunrtotol wol. "■"^TTTTt T' ?T^
,■*(«!.
OHAPTEB X.
■f:
■:':'\/\:['lm»airli$onthe S&phUtrta of HuxU^, Batn, tmd othmr '
IS^*^ dMilM tiM olrtMioe of fho «ml, imobm that oil vitd phanottian; om oiiiii
VMfftoiBfonioli^*i«oIplMnoBMno.uidt&At Iha lows ood ]>iopertijr«liioh iwrtoin tofifo
nwnMrdjIowtaBdpfoiMrtiwof mottor.whioh toko tholr riM wW oortoin oomponantt ve
teoogbt tottthw in Mfftofn proportkmo, ond nndor oortoin eondiUona. Hoxkr ilhutrotM hii
its powwt ; ond m^toina thot tho two 4mM ore «i«a|7 ponUd. ond tliot wo liovo no f^^
to aapMM tbol Mol «aton into t^ ono oom ooj noio tbon tho othor. Ho ■ow :- ^^
••WbanMpi^ Olid oiygon ore loizodin ooertoin propteiioa. ondonolaetiieiporkii.
gMMd uroo^ botwom thorn, thaj <ti«*PP||ftr> •od o ^nooti^ of wotor oqnol in w«iSt to^
tho am flCthom OMPMM in thofar ploao. tiiaito ia toot t&o alj^taat parity h^twaan th^etiTo
f^^*^*ff!^^ °'^* 7*^ •B* UwM <rf th* hydfogan ond oxygon whiehiMiTO giran riaa
^ ^ ^ ^*^^<!^'**^'* «^^ ^^'^^ <<» ^ oaanmption of tlM oxiatanooTin Oo IMng
a^tar, of a^omat^ wUbh hof no rapraaaniotlva or ao-ralotivo in Uio not BTintf mottS^
whjdl gofo liao toit t Whot batter pfailoaophiaol atotiaa boa ▼itoUtr than aoQoaitYT^ ^*y^
» P^}^ *^l*^' :*• *1>'»1'> raaoaaafkilly diapoaaa of thaao foUaofona aaaarttona of Hnxkv,
y* 5V* "*"^" *™* *"• *^ «oaaa— the formation of the oompoond water, and the fomu&tion of
the hTlng eonponnd ol life-ore not po^iOlel. either in the aloaa of elffnenta entering into the
oc»BpoQnd,orittthooUMofpropntlaadWloj»dafte ^^
^^Hnzlqrebiinathat ••there ia not tho alighteat parity batwwn the paaaite ond the oettro
y***^?***^ f™ w»of»<>'«h«hjd«ogenond oxygen whiehhoTO giren riaa toit." Wehoro
!S***Tfr *?••." ?P"^' oM the powori «w propartiea of the water ore of the aomo ebaa oa
tiioao of ita aimpio ^lamanta ; they ore oU oliko of the eloaa phydool, ond eon be aaoertoined
hyweig^ maoaoriaft_or taatkig by other phydeol or ehemiool oppUoneea, and are bat o
oo-«Vanti4» or hahuieing of the pbyaiaal propertiaa entering the eompoand. Boxlef'a
oaaon^tion, that the ionution of the living eompoimd df life Oot of tta merephyiiiaol elementa
ia on inotpaoa oxaotlylike thot of tho fOrmotion of the woter. boa olao beon aho#n to be fUae a
^f*"^ «~»P«P«**?« « Vojwtn oppeor in the Uving eompoand of l||e whloh ore not o;
tiM aamo eloaa oa t&oao of ito pl^yaieal elemanta. Th^ ora of the aloaa apiritooL and eannof
bo oloirtoinod by wafafatog. f naoaw ri n g, or tarting by any other phyiieal or eheniaoloimlit
iiMM.^ BMidaa. in tMr Oo-oparation or bolanoing with othera inlho aamo eompoandTSar
oiMftBdoroppoao^otidjtonotmixwitiipiopertieaotthoel^ . '^^'^ '
Bot oi no pM^erty eon bo foond ia a eompoand that doea not inharo in and enter it by
i|Jyaltti«|M0d<^^ «nrt ontoritby onimMoterioloai
Sffi^SE^*^ «»!.^li5»Mt •adlK^Jjyaiaol^^^ in tho deod oom.
f!!^^^^^^^tT''T*,'^ death, oafii the living ooinpoand tho momettt before it •
-!2fSt%£TS^!LSS?l^'W^ wW eondWono ore the aama. Bat tiio diatinatiTo
imtthmtUk of tili gtiaf'eatodimd eon norar be.oddad to tho daodWidlnalhingthatianot
>-#r,.
& iratw, «* eoaiiltiit liribpe^^ to leatvo the eompoand iHthoiit tho lanofil
* ft<« «»^floapoiind| in tho oompoond of Ufa. on tho Ooiitriry/iSflita
oti Bwdo to laoir^ to daotli, without the remoirol of a alaglo oMOf Ita
B« to ^ pnfiH3t aM ♦(thir ontair tnio a oompoaia or Taaro It without
aaimwii ' MbMHiaa
iwjrittirt iiimaftii-
— - - ^ — ■»— ' — ■ — .,. . ■. - ., I — -+
'tf'
^i,iis^tis^
./■
./■
TIm Mndpoaii w«l«r ai^ it
tlM llflag «e«po«id of Ub fend'
to psodnoi *
ilBiniiiff orlMitetlqr^Wlt^ «r ilk obltoAAtt }'■» iKw Oo nHHiiit
oompotmd^Ufo mutt kaivt in mmb« ium*iB«t«l«l ciMBiMt 4ko Mur Hmm
. — ^ ktoaad an nol yaniU m to fk« mmhh «v ittinlafeMgliit
Ib thi OM OM^ fho tMaralM pnkiwiaf the — unmd «at«,k tht^aMo
"y *— «y *jr°^ ''^^ *^ *y ?^ «"*«'^*wd>y Bhyri^l « Itiiditf f^i. la«iM
ottiar ««», ttM iflBalis imdafliM i^ llTiiig fldam
Dlmia^ •&«> not of th* abM^MM^nOtte byl^
iMbagfaK to inatlMr Hmrhwa, ima It «<ui b« obtdndl oahr IMm that Mnolhinit to U fooad
in liTioff iBMtw whldi b immatnial, tm whioh wo mOI miiit. Thtnfon tho two mm* in
notMraUd; farthiKis no •g»«y onploTwl in tho pradnetloB of watw that Is not domIj
phjrieal ; uid.tk«o Is an aganej Mpiofid^ tha prodnetion of Ula that la not nhyiiod H^at
agant nqat b« tho sooL ^\ r-v >
H^agr'a main oRor icema to bs, thai ha aoeapis pmpartifla in the oonpoimd whlflh an
not in tip elamenii entering it. and imaginei that then propertiea eome into eiiatebee or
beeone aetire in the damenta. onlj on their entnnee into then eenditiona, and an not ebe-
whwa onr a^tn, onehangaaUe. and intranafanUe. I>¥bm Bazl»'« ttitted and eonftaaed
prindple^ he ia onable to aee that the prapertiae of the Uring eomponnd of lilW, poaitinb
"^^.^^ ^* ^1*^ ^ f^'J^ akmenta of life ; « that the fonnatioii of the aonpoond
of life ia«ot panUel to the fotnaStionof the oompoondwater,-^ that anal. thooahin^^bL
elamntoalled the BOQlmaj enter into the one and not into the other. '"■*"^ y^t^im
Bain'a m a t a riaHani . lirat eonaia to that of Huday'a, htiafly aaoonto to thia : that matter
^^^^li'^^^^vniij halving two aeta ol propertiaa.-4he one aet. what ia ordlnaiilT ealled
nhwiflal; the othitaal. what iaorcUnaiil^flaUedmmtaL Both seta, nemthalaaB. aeeoidinff
toBalB,anpnpertiaaofmatt«. w-^i^, wnmnung
Bdn'smrtem. like Baxlay'a. ia hopeleaalj fall of eontradietiona in whatonrwaj joamaj
1. If matter, then, ia a unity with two laeea or Mti of prnMrtiea, it woold fdlow. that aa
wary atom of matter ia a udty. and haa the one aet of phTrieal pnpertiea. H mnat alao han
theolhflr. the aMntal aet. Emy atom of matter, than, bealdea poa^aaing ita phjaieal pre
pertiea, aan think, feel, wiU. ronember. No wonder that we atart with anpiiaeaa we thhik
of the vairt amout of thpoght, foaling.
honaea. ^ aoU of our iieldi, and in the granl of onr highwaja. flmeljr Bain ireada lights
when he tbinkaof the unmeaanzed svfleiing eaaaed by the preaaon ol hia alepa. and heania
thooaandBgoeeery out in the emndiinggnnl at etery footfall. ^^
9. Bnt it ia wall known that thooght, feeling, and ToUtio^ when foond a-tfftiiatad with
mttar at all. an neT« foond eoaneeted with aini^ atoma of matter, bat withan organintioB
of matter made iq;> of many atona. and that oiganiiation ia the bnin.
let na tiy hen. then, the dooUe-lMed imity and the two aeta of prapertiea lodgel in the
orgMdiednuMoroftiiebnin. Aathania bat one thinker, or Ego.lD£faiybrai£ the ilrat
qneation to cUdde, then, ia. whether the ptoverty of thought, feeling. andToUtioBjiriodged in
only tiia whole and oomplete organiaatioB of the brain, or in a part of it ; in otherwoida.
doea it need the whola organiietion of tho brain to perform th Je fanetiona, or only a part of
b^of thahalnaofthabrain. BatweknowthatiftheiJih^HaU ofthebralBberMnoved.all
of then fuMtionago on without it ; and if the left half be lemond, then faneUona go ondao
!!?l?'*WlJ*,!*^ P"???^ <rf thonght. feeling, and volition, theti, ia not lodged in either
of then h^, it eoMot be lodiad in anypart of theae halna ; th«ton it eaimot be^^^^
m <miy a part of toe Bcain. ^'
Bo. alaob the property of thooght, faeUngi and tfditiOBeaaBb^
and ooiBpMaomai^atioQ.«r the brain; in olharwotd8.it oaanol naiSl the whda brain to
SSToSw Sof^oiiL^ ^**^ " ^ '*'* **'^ ■" ^ *^ fanationa go on perfkatty with.
ISMrifaie, tha pnpiity of thooght, iaeUng. and mUtion ia lodged in naUher the whoU
I aw Ml ate capalaatiaa of tha brain, nor ia » part of it^ hot in n eoaatfena aool wUdb?
ShooldBaia and Us eiap, howenr, atlU insist on the orgmiiaed mattw of the bnitt
[ tho property of thoi4ht,feeliag; and Tolitiaa.iaeommon with ita ] ' '
25i7*"*.rl?*??? ^^JSi^ ^'^i^^ii^ii^^^^rieiS^aak ^"witbontttllriiS!
«bmmiutb«4t]«MttwotUah«(i,lfpaaorparaoa8.intho8aaabitia. Balth«B.luKfbiff
Wi
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wtliltefotoMlwllh^MXAiMwIhtokwtodbhtoptoM. llM.fertlMMtortoltott£ow
ato^j tUuMn ham alNiAf mimI oat of Us tealn to ■w«U, ttott, ute » fab* iumo. toiTo
•«lNfM|alMtMrlhtote«MMa«ti — «"•-— »«- piw«"« wowwio. «v
^ttio Ihtolw or thol», Witt wUA wo ■» ioqadiitoa. kiwws BO «M. M^
Mtog oDo «mI tlMiMM ftooo U WW A oUld •! hU wbUmt's kaoo. BbaU wo btltoroUM
•Mw itotMMBta of ow OW0 oowslowiuw. or tho ooofwoaoBd oontoadtotoiT WMrliow of tho
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