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MCROCorr risoiution tist chart 
 
 lANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2) 
 
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 J APPLIED IIWIGE In, 
 
Speech of tbc 
 
 t)on. 3obn Daggart 
 
 =0N= 
 
 ^Transportation. 
 
 IStb Hpril. 1901. 
 
 A' 
 
SPEKCH OK THK 
 
 HON. JOHN HAGGART 
 
 —ON— 
 
 TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 18th APRIL, 11101. 
 
 Hon..IOHNHAGr,ART(Southlj.n»rk). 
 Mr Sjieaker, the House is certainly indebted 
 to the hon. tnemher for the St. (.awrence 
 division of Montreal (Mr. Bickerdike) for 
 having iutrodiiced thin inlerKsting question. 
 The question of transportation and the im 
 provernent of our natural watercourses is 
 an allimportsnt one '.n the development of 
 this country. I shall follow the lines taken 
 by my hon. friends, and take up first the 
 discussion of the necessary improvement re- 
 quired froiB Montreal to the ocean. The im- 
 provements that are being made in Montreal 
 are not of sufficient exf^nt for the require- 
 ments of the trade likely to be developed in 
 that port which we all look pon, in our 
 section of the country, as our ocean port. 
 And I think the improvements which are 
 being made by the harbour board and the 
 hon. the Minister of Public Works, are far 
 behind the requirements of the case. I was 
 on tl.is commission appointed for the pur- 
 pose of inquiring into what facilities should 
 be provided, and we reported upon three 
 different plans. One of these has been 
 adopted by my h»n. friend the Minister of 
 Public Works and the Harbour Commission 
 of Montreal, but the all-important one is to 
 have dockage sufficient for the accommod.i- 
 tion of vessels, and inland dockage for the 
 accommodation of all the railways that cen- 
 tre in Mcntreal, which will give facilities 
 for the erection of warehouses and all the 
 accompaniments necessary in a port of the 
 
 importance of Mcntreal. However, I sup 
 pose the Minister o( Public Works is doing 
 all he possibly can. I know, fr<. - y ex- 
 perience as a minister of the Crown, that 
 you cannot get all what you expect or think 
 you ought to have lor the improvements re- 
 quired by your partii ular department. Uul 
 let thegovernmeut reiueinlicr this, that the 
 all-important (lueslioii is that of transport. 
 It is that wiiich the people are thinking 
 about, and the building un ol Montreal, mak- 
 ing accommodations for its sIm >piiig and de- 
 veloping and building up thi water route 
 from there to the ocejin is something for 
 which the country will cheerfully grant the 
 money. When we go down to l.ake Sjper- 
 ior, I am of the opinion of my hon. friend 
 from St, Lawrence division, that that chan- 
 nel should be at least deep enou.Kh to accom- 
 modate vessels of a draught of 30 feet. That 
 would necessitate the dredging out of the 
 channel to a depth of nearly 33 (eet and the 
 bottom ol a prism to the extent, advocated 
 by the hon. member for Montreal. 
 B} the present plans, which were spoken of 
 by the hon. Minister of Marine and Fish- 
 eries, that can be done at a minimum cost. 
 The statement was made by the Minister 
 of Public Works that he had a dredge now 
 that would remove the material that forms 
 that prism at the cost of about i cent per 
 yartl. If that is so, there is no difficult/ in 
 having complete ocean navigation from 
 Montreal to Quebec The lighting of the 
 
 -;)i?ijuc 
 
channel ii «nother'im|K)-iant nm;«i..n 1 h.t 
 has \»:en dtalt with by ihc hun Mmi«l« <i( 
 NUiint- ami FishctiM lU- ...iiipUini at""! 
 Ihi' maimer iil Ihc inlrclui iiim cit ihi; JUb 
 lerl by the him. mtiiilx:! I'" Ihc Si. l-aw | 
 rcnri- divi<i.in of M,.nliial. lit- inu»l re 
 mcinl>'i thai llul h.m. ^ciitkiiuii »a« nul | 
 ■pcakiiiK t"« "«n MniiiiicnH "nU, Ibal hi- 
 was liivinx ilw i-HiJri"'' ih'l hail iKcn , 
 Kalhcral in 111" r"ur*' "' '" .""V maJi; by ; 
 Ihc naillts "Uri'sUd llic ship .miicrs aiid 
 bu'.incss 111' ' "f M.intr.Ml, 111 lind "111 «bJl ' 
 wire Ihc culs. il ;inv. «lth rclir.mv t" the 
 li«blinn .:( the liver (ri.ui Munlreal lo I he 
 mean. I'hal eviilenre was mven, as iht 
 hon. Kenlleiuan slaleil, liy abuiit IhirlJ liv , 
 lal.biins lahed al ibnereni miles, 1 heir 1 
 
 onini.m was thai ijiver 1 y h.m. fiiend 
 
 (ri)iii the Si. U«rence Ui.isiun, as li. the fe 
 uuirenienw ..( Ih" .hannel. II.' e.,iiil.lains 
 particularly about I'rince IMward Island, 
 that it was not iiriiperly buhled. 
 
 ThBri. ia the evidence also of a numoer of 
 pilots below Q .ebec as lo the proper linlil- 
 inK of difr..enl parts of the St. Lawrence. 
 And the hon. minister (Sir l.ouis Davies) 
 knows Ihat these men stated, as «,is remark- 
 ed by my hon. friend from the Si. Lawrence 
 division, that the I'aht^ were useless, and 
 Ihat they had to sail by the liRhts in the pri- 
 vjle houses in order to avoid Belling inlii 
 difliiulty. Whal object would these pilms 
 have in makinR a statement of that kind if 
 they were not crrrect ? The hon. ministers 
 department was not on trial. The hon. min- 
 ister said ihat if he had the rinht of cross- 
 ..uestionins thffc witnesses their evi.lence 
 would hav.^ been different. I should judRe 
 so. From the skill 1 have seen the hon. 
 oendrman exhibit ii cross-exaroinmi! wit- 
 nesses betore the committees of this House, 
 particularly before the Privileges and Elec- 
 tions Committee, I can well believe that if 
 he had been the cross-examiner of the wit- 
 nesses in this inquiry they would have Bwen 
 opinions in c.jnsonance with the views of 
 th. hon. minister. Another important .[Ues- 
 lion is to have the |»rl of Montreal equipped 
 with all necessary facilities. Vf. we must 
 remember the statemenl made by the man- 
 ager of the C.rand Trunk Railway al Port- 
 land last year, that he was goinB to make 
 Portland not only the winter port of the 
 Dominion of Canada, but the summer port 
 as well— that he had deserted Montreal al- 
 p.aeiher, as ships are deserting that port. It 
 is a prime necessity then, for the people of 
 the Dominion of Canada, if they believ", as 
 I believe heartily, that the St. Lawrence 
 
 route .s the naiur«l outlet for the immtnt* 
 rounlty which extends (rom the ocean up to 
 Lake Suiierior, that within • short l""«-- 
 lie. ausc 1 lew years make or unmake the 
 siji . ess ol a nation— this route shoold re- 
 (eivc its .lue devclopmeiil and that in the 
 shoriist time ixissible we should build up 
 that niulc, Kor we have in our territory, 1 
 hehevc, the natural route for lh« immense 
 traffic which has Ix-en developed Ir.hutary to 
 the ii|i|h;i lakes and thence to the ocean. It 
 IS ihe duty of the governniint to sec to It 
 Ihil every |)o.islble means ale adopted to 
 huil.l up our facilities, an.1 a necessary part 
 \ „l this is the e.|uipiiirnt of the \<oH of Mon- 
 treal an I the iiiilirovcnienl and huhting of 
 I ihe I hji.nci from that port to the ocean. 
 \s l.i this great nieslioii of lakini! the sur. 
 ' iilus pro'ucc from the territory tributary lo 
 'lb., great ' jike., including those undevelop- 
 ed mines and timber regions of which we 
 have iiossession north of the lakes, to in 
 ocean port and thence to the centres of con- 
 sumption, one party is in favour of railroad 
 iraiisporla- on, while another favours water- 
 ways. I must give my decided opinion, 
 that for heavy freight there is no railway that 
 eve' was constructed, even with the most 
 peitecl gradients, that can compete with 
 waterways. Take, for instance, the immense 
 .luantity of iion ore that is carried from the 
 Lake Superior mines to Pittsburg, Cleveland 
 and other manufacturing points on or near 
 the lakes— that ore is carried al a rate of less 
 than I - 1 o ceniper ton pet mile. Who ever heard 
 of a railway that could carry freight at such 
 a rate? I remember staling in this House 
 some time ago, when the system of protec- 
 tion was being attacked, and when it was be- 
 ing sUled from one end of the country to 
 the other that the consumer in the United 
 States was paying for the protection of the 
 iion industri?s of the United States, that the 
 lime would come, and that shortly, when 
 iron and steel would be produced in the 
 United Slates and furnished to the consum- 
 er at lower prices than it would be pos- 
 sible to import it at from the points of 
 cheapest manufacljie in the world. And I 
 prophesied that in a few short years not onlv 
 would the manufacturers of iron and steel 
 of the United Slates furnish the people ol 
 their own country with cheaper iron and 
 steel ihan could be got from others, but that 
 they would be entering the markets of Bel- 
 gium and Great Britain and competing with 
 the producers of similar articles there. This 
 I said in the face of the statement by the 
 free trade economists throughout the world, 
 
 900504 
 
n 
 
 that luch a th*ng wa^ nn|M)'«(ihIi-. W 
 Mulhall.thcitatifitirian.ntomit thill tlw rt-ntrc 
 uf comumption i»f iron in the L'nitiil State* 
 wa^ rhiladelphta, and (hal ores mu'd Ir' 
 taken Trom Hilbao and dctKMiU'd in r^ilii 
 dclphia at a rate whu h it w.n iiiiixmihi - 
 that the oret uf the lacuMrihe rcftinii-^ l^ikc 
 Su[>enur and the west rottUi hf Lnd dnwn 
 there. Now, it jg known that the fart^ are 
 otherwise. The Americans art- Ktttin(j iron 
 and steel cheaoer than it is |lM>^^lhll• f..r liiiiii 
 to im[Kirt thf < f- )m any niunfy in the 
 wurld. They arc nuw entrrinji into rorn 
 [KJtition with all iiiher nintric!! in ihc pm 
 durtion of this artirle •■.huh, im.ri- than 
 anything kUv, shows the w^ahh ar .i i>u<i*>ihil 
 ities of 4 country- -the iirodurtiot i.f imii 
 and steel. Where docs ihc ori; i oi it- from 
 in the United Slates? I'rinrip.illy (.oni thi- 
 lake Superior ref,ion. I state hcri- that 
 our country north of Lake Siiptrior .iiul 
 throunh to the hei^jht o( land, wt- haw u-. 
 fine mines as are to he loiuid in any (loriioM 
 south ol the lake, and that our facilittt-H for 
 !>.nelting may he made as ^;uIHl or f.t-ittr 
 than those of any part of the UnitH Staits 
 If we develop the natural resources of <iur 
 country, we have a prospect ureatcr and 
 grander than have the people to the south 
 of us particularly in the dnvelopnicnt of oui 
 immense mines. From LakeSuperinr alom 
 lo the different ports of the Unitt-d S ates 
 the north shore, fancy last year tht-rt: w.rc 
 nearly 19,000,001. 'ons of iron ore transporl 
 ed. The traffic on Lake Superior through 
 the Soo canal last year aniounied to 35,1101;,. 
 000 tons, for the eight months t-ndmH in 
 November. When a jjerson considers thtse 
 enormous figures and compares them with 
 the trade of Ix>ndon, Liverpool, (Ila'-K"* 
 and other great cities, he is amazed thai that 
 little section of country surrounding Lakt- 
 Superior should* levelop such an enormous 
 traffic. Passing down the St. Marys river 
 into Lake Erie, there is a traffic of over 
 40,000,000 tons, up and 1 own, a greater 
 traffic than that of the ports of London and 
 Liverfiool co'ubmed. The figures are so 
 enormous they stagger one. ThcM- is no 
 one who I > been up there and made him- 
 self acquainted with the 'icis hut must be 
 astounded at the inimensi. rommerct that is 
 passing down those lakes. 
 
 Why is it then, that we should not have 
 that trade? I say now what I have often 
 said be ''ore, that the prime condition -s cheap 
 transportation. Let me show vo j the efTcct 
 ofcher.p transportation in di i^twig trade 
 from cne section of the country ^ another. 
 
 had! Krom Chicago to tluiM^i coa^t the ininniiiini 
 I cost 01 111,- trMn-.i«irl.iiMin ol .1 bii.h. 1 i.f 
 whtMi 1^ (J refits Tlu i.iu- enday i<. 5 i « 
 or s I ( rents Ku dimreri.v of an eighth 
 ot J mil ptr husluUfi iiris the whole pro- 
 dme ol ^'cllr,^^l(a. K msat iind tlioie mniillc 
 Malev cliveri-, it tV.nii tlu- gull through ("hn- 
 .1.10 lu ihe Hea roast 'rhr frui lion ol a cent 
 builds up i,f\i- j«-." 1 Hinther in reference to 
 ihe ..ln|,ping ol |«n dih r- across ihe ocean. 
 [f We ( an dihimish the cost ol l.e trjinspnrt 
 ation r.l a bushel of wheal from Chuago to 
 Li\(.r|KNi| by one cent, we will have the 
 whole traltir nf Net.ra«k3, Kansas und all 
 [bat country alon;- through our ports to Liv 
 <-r|H.n|, .M..iitieal geis i small |H»tton of 
 [lie traffic (nmi Chi'. i^;< irt Liverpool fruni 
 the fa* t th:.l vol. .an lav down wheat in Mon- 
 ireal at nhoiit an eiuhth nf a < erit per bushel 
 CSS than ynu (an in \ch N'oik t.r oilier .\i 
 lanti. pons : bnt that vmhth of a . enr is 
 eaten up bv t\ira itisurant r-. and put- \i<t on 
 a par with New Vork and I'hilad. 'pbin, Itm 
 if we could rediHc It one < cnt per biislu-l, 
 what an immense Iraltic innri.in alone wiiiUI 
 Wf rrciive from thai wesu rn « ountry 
 
 Now, no ( ountry 'an be great iiniens it 
 has inaiuifactiircs. and esfK-cially mar ufar- 
 tures ol iron and steel. We are with'-<il the 
 rii hes in coal which our neighbors to the 
 si'iith if lis possess; but v have what I 
 tontendisa greater natural wealth rn the 
 electrical power which may lie dfvclo|K'd 
 from the wal.-r-falls throughout all this great 
 c<iuntry 10 ibe north. Kle<tri(ity is fast 
 taking itit; place of coal in the production 
 i>f jKiwcr anil in the production of beat : 
 and in this rtsiiect naiur^- has aive" us 
 an advantage conipen .iting us lor the 
 b( k f the great coal to.n at!ons whi( h exist 
 in tht.' Cnited States ; it has given us what 
 I consider a cheaper and natur.il sourrc 
 of wealth by giving us inexhaustible means 
 ot prtiuucing cicdricity and heat. These 
 great regions to the north of us ma\ not 
 have the agrir ultiiral advamages that are 
 possessei' by more southern sections of 
 the country ; but we have in that northern 
 ■ountry what is of uiore inestimable advant- 
 a^;e to us in tinilier and iron ore. I venture 
 to say that the day will come when an acre 
 of that land up the Caiineau region which 
 is now IfKiked iip<tn in a c(,ntemptuous 
 manner, will be of more value ',0 the people 
 of this country than an .tcre of the Ijcst 
 farming land. That day must come and 
 will come, and it is well to keep this fact 
 in mind when we are starting out on our 
 career as a nation. The young men of the 
 
irn>-,try arc (uU o( laith m its fuiiirf, they 
 i.11 lurntiiitiM (lie lufcl. (hey have no nrnfid 
 nil L' in ihc men whrnc incnwjrv i» rivltcd u\t 
 on ihf |.aii, tvi-n il it i* on'/ three or tnur 
 year-. iJi^Unt. It it ihc present und the fu 
 
 Ot/aiiui Canal. Indtrd fflrrr h no • ^mti'iu 
 ti„H on fhii mult. tWUure tfi-mt to Miift ,V ■ 
 VfJfJ iftrytAiHf wt Mr/d tut tht fHif'ttst vj 
 ^niMt; m thf nari^atioH oj that tontr. Wm 
 III fu/> ifttd upon thr iffirxian /i,iv 
 
 line thai ihiy l<H»k HI What then, t«i uw \ C,it:>il Jn>m on, fmd of }t to the ,tt/i,r. 
 lirsi dut> .^ //t*,i»fn\ opinion, thi Jri-elop- , WU' huve yuu I(.r the pur|K)»c of p.jnn 
 Ml nt of /h<- ivjtiriiuiw JroM /..ikt Snf.nur ,inJ \Uiin\ ihe < irorguh Hay Into Uke NipiisinK. 
 /(l/v Huron, ,tn,i srcnriHi; of .i th.ap mrani j Vou have only On leet of a hft, and that ran 
 ../ wattf triin*/Htrt,itioH ffom th.it Uitiono/ thr he overcome ny ihrce loiks of io feet ea» h. 
 omntty to (h> port of MoHttfai. / .iw « yliVw , \\her» you ««'"'»>' •»''*■• Nipi-isintt you arc 
 Muvrr III ih<- pr.i,\-t oUhdthf (Mior^i.in /fay at the Kiimmit level, then yuu have over ■ 
 Canal and thf OtUwa Cinal. I hart loohedl hundred tuile* of tran»iM.rtion till you Kt^l in- 
 info th( mattrr / havf thoroiii^hiy studud it, \ lo the Mtllawa River. There is a destrnt 
 and / Ivlufv that ivhat ivt nrtd i\ a' JO f.M^t Hav-\o\ only 140 feet into the Mattawa River, and 
 if^afion from thf iieori^iaii /tav Iti O/tajra >ind\Utim the Mattawa River down lo Montreal 
 
 Monlnai. It Heeins m mc that the jieoj>te of 
 M.mitcal should use evtry iffoit 10 hrinn 
 arwiut the aitonittlishnunt >'i that ranal, 'or 
 if ihey L-an only yet a tithi- of the traffir thai 
 |>asses through l,jke Superior and l^ke 
 Huron, if the> can only ^ei H, 000,000 or 
 10,000,000 oi the 40,000,001- tons that are 
 carried on the lakes, and if the people of 
 Montreal provide proper facilities to the 
 ocean, which my hor.. friend from St. law' 
 
 you have a route which is not like any other 
 canal, indeed you cannot call it a canal. 
 Kxtraordinary to say, except in two or three 
 places, the depth ot water is from 25 lu 60 
 feet. 
 
 I,ake Nipiising is a ^reat deal over 35 
 feet. 'I here m just a portion of P under 
 that near the ptopohed entrance of the 
 canal into Trout Lake or the summit level. 
 Kconointcally, what would he the effect ? 
 
 fence division (Mr. Hickerdike) says it is i Ity this route you save 4"o miles to the sea- 
 IKJssihle to obtain, then I say this canal will board. Vou have no canal at all virtually, 
 make Montreal «>ne of the larj^est cities on simply ■ few locks to [ass which will detain 
 the continent of America : il we have larger you about an hour or so. 
 cities we will have flourishinn manufactures I The U^ks ought to he iboul 500 ''.•et long 
 and if wc have chca)) mearni of iransporta- 1 and al>out 60 Icet wide. That would accom- 
 tion, the whole country frc.m ihe Atlantic lo ni')daie a ship of about 8,1*00 ions. .\ vessel 
 
 the Pat ific will lienefit continuously there- 
 from. 
 
 Now, as to the passihiliiit-s of the build- 
 ing of the ^/('caV/c" /'d.v Ciiivil, I wish to 
 say a few words. My hon. friend from 
 North Norfolk (Mr Charlton) <|uotcd from 
 adtncral Symons, an American engineer, 
 who made an estimate cimcerninn the con 
 slnuiion ot the K.rie ranal about ten years 
 ayo. He showed ih.it even if they sue 
 ceedtd in obtaining a jo foot riavinalion, 
 whici) M'otilil cost iin enormous sum of 
 money, triey coukl onl> iravel ihrouyh that 
 canal at the rate t)f itin-c t»r tour miles an 
 hour, and that, thcrtfore, the canal would 
 be of no advanlane. lU- is ;>erfectly ri>;ht 
 \v rtlercmc to that. Wh^r^; you are ob- 
 liged to travel at a very -ilow rate of speed, 
 wht re you cannot u=e I'.uidlc wheels or 
 screws on .uf.juntof the lianner of crumb- 
 ling down the banks and filling up the 
 prism, you have a trouble and a difficulty 
 that are very serious indeed, and must be 
 considered in euimatint; the cost of trans- 
 IH>rtation throuf-b that canal. Kut the case 
 is entinly different in the O'eori;ioii fUiy 'Utd 
 
 ruuld then load at (Jhicago, a pretty large 
 vessel, and go right over to I.iver^Kiol and 
 from [.iverpcil back again. The argument 
 is made that you cannot get the return cai- 
 goes that can be got by vessels sailing from 
 New York which is an advantage to the 
 shipi)er. Wherever you have an export 
 trade, and it is the chea|>est from the points 
 of that export trade, the return cargo will go 
 like-wise. That is as clear as it pttssibly can 
 be. 
 
 Then, there is an.ither advaniage, and it 
 is that no foreign navigation laws can affect 
 We can sail from Dulutli or Chicago 
 through our own pons and on to Liverpool. 
 We do not need to go to Huffalu or any 
 other port. This places ('anadian shipping 
 in a better position than American shi[iping, 
 and my hon. friend knows the ditticulties at 
 present in reference to the shipping grain by 
 the St. Lawrence route. I have stated it 
 again and asain, that one of the great ditfi 
 ciilties is the want of enterprise on the part 
 of the people of the country which is <'5;>ec- 
 ially shown in the lack of adequate banking 
 facilities. You can ship in an American 
 
iKitioru I'iruuiih Amiruan tcrriiory ('• l.ivcr- 
 |MMi) a (ur^ti, at.tl yiiu ran ni->{uii.iic i loan 
 ut ;)ny iixinicrit on yntir <ar^ii. \nu fan ilo 
 'I il you dr(i|i It to -inv MixtLL'titti nl ;i tent 
 \H:r huilifl, but, at Montri'ul you hjvc not 
 itat fanliiy. 
 
 I hi'tr muUc nf iloin^ iHisinfNH is Itclttr 
 tliati that whuh wc tu\c in ihit country. 
 Sonic time at{o, m ili-^iustinK thiMjucsuon, 1 
 fell foul ot some ol thi; nhip owntrt ot Mtin 
 trval. I had noiniintion of ilninif anythmi; 
 o( the kind. Suinctlt.iiK mutt have i-i-n ai- 
 tnlmtcd to mc that 1 dut rmt %.i\. \\ hut 1 
 st.itcU was that in -hi|i|nnn 'rum Montreal to 
 l.ivcr|H»ol you want a ty|K: of vessel "tuitatdc 
 lor tliL' tialti< with <|uadru|>' t.'\|ansion en 
 ^l^t■!l, Ixnit tor the |itii -^c of i~arryin.j 
 freight, witii no to|) iiia>ts. or unyihin^ ol 
 that kind whith would rkijuiic handt to 
 manage, with the fi-wcNt po-iNihli' number in 
 the LTcw, and consuming the liast [xissilile 
 quaniity of r ■ That was the ]»!an |iro 
 |Kiscd by tht. .J particH that are iiroposmn ihc 
 the establishment of a system of transporta- 
 tion Irom the west to tli.> cast by the [Hirt of 
 Muntrcat, t»hi|>|iinK from Muntrt'^l to I.ivcr 
 |M»ol. There u one thmn th t contints 
 !.em tu rhuaf) traiisitorauon, :)nd it is the 
 couipetition of New York and 'ortland. it 
 they charged the same rate ruinparison 
 fur wheat that they do lor er ntaterial 
 that is tarried from Montreal tu the old 
 ruuniry, they would i.ot ^et one bushel '>t 
 wheat to <arry over. It is because of thi* 
 vtty lact that wheat lan be la.idcd in Mont- 
 real at one-ei^hlh uf a cent |)er bushel < heap- 
 er that it can he landed at New \'ork, Niw- 
 {toit News, or Haltimore, and that, including 
 insurance, it can be carried o\vr lor the same 
 rate from Alontreal tu [.iverp<iol, that they 
 KCt any to carry at alt. The freight which is 
 (.■\[H>ried by the port ot Montreal m the 
 sh.i|te if ^ram Iro 'i the western states is re- 
 gulated entirely by Ihe prire it takes t<i cany 
 it from the places whete it ori^nates to the 
 Atlantic ])oils. \'ou want then belter facih 
 ties lor the transport of ^rain. Vou want 
 better facilities in your port of shi[iment, 
 and you must deepen the channel to the 
 ocean. I'erhaps your vessels are j;o"d for a 
 l^rcat many purposes, and far loo ^-ood for 
 the pur|)ose that I propose they should bi 
 used for, but a difTerent class of vessel than 
 that which you have at present, sailing out 
 of the [lort of Montreal, is necessary. 
 What are the prospects ? Su[>pose this canal 
 were built and that we would be iree to lay 
 down in Montreal inin ore, ot which we 
 have an abundance on the north shore of 
 
 Lake **u|>i'fn>r. as i h.apl> as in ( li*il.in.' 
 l<H>k at Ihr developiii'M' ih.il would l.ik. 
 plate in the ^leel indusirus ot the tnunti>, 
 hut, more 'li.iri that, ii is in lli' |pii|>eri.il in 
 tere»ts, be) juse ilii.\ K<|iiit( tjv, rii.iierial 
 in I'.ii^Und ..nd the oiil> )>laie thai is a: 
 
 pre 
 
 view fo 
 
 tht 
 
 p.rpo. 
 
 ■ittnn 
 thi rii;iun that lies between lis atitl 
 the water ' d whith nm-s to Hudstio's Itj), 
 where, I be.i«.V(, are the nmsl iiuinense de 
 pMMts ,tvaital)l< lor I oiiimeic e itiat there 
 ate in the orld |i the steel nidu-.tries 
 and Ihe in i industriet lo (Weal lErinan aie 
 to mamiain tluir prcsvrti position as lom- 
 Iteiitors with |{il;;ium antl the Iniied 
 Stales, they must ^;^ t a siip|)ly of or, nonu 
 wii.ie, because ihe I'ls^.iv res ihat ihev 
 
 L'ci jt the port of llilii - U>v<nK "<■( 
 
 \\ hat I ffei t would 1 ave on llx 
 
 people of ihis K.iintry ,' j. ,t imagine lo.ooo- 
 
 000 tor.!-, or one ipu'ter i>t the lake 'reit;ht, 
 bciny ship(K'd troiii Moiitreail 1 his ( oun 
 try would iceive a de\elo]iNienl that it is 
 impossililf to estiiiiale at the prceni 
 moment- Now, I have no wish to hiiild up 
 or • |Mirt at the expense of aiiother, I lia^e 
 no iirealer love for M ilitreal than I have lor 
 (,,>ueliec, >ir St. John, or Halifax, I 1)o|h: it is 
 as has been su^yested by the member for 
 f.luebec West (Hon. Mr, I lohell.) that the 
 navi^;ati.tn of (Jiiebei may be kept open (or 
 the whole year, and that it'i-* possible to so 
 (onstrui't vessels ihat <,)iiebee may be a wm 
 i*T and a summer port. More imp(i,silile- 
 th 's have occurred in the history of this 
 e y, and it is poss;ble that it m;iy be so. 
 
 1 I k It may be so, but fi>/ a summer port 
 th>. people of this cetuntiv and of this section 
 t)f the ( cjuntry, and to the west of us, look 
 upon Montreal as the eiitreporl tot our Koods 
 and we insist upon establi^binji < omniuniia 
 lion from there to the o<ean. The Minister 
 of Marine and l-'isheries I Hon. Sir l.o^ll^ 
 havies, ) in answer to tin- lion, member lot 
 Si. l.awTeiue tlivisioM, Montreal ( Mr. Ili" kit 
 dike.j slated that any espendimre on the St. 
 l,aHr.ii(e ought to be (harmed to .Moiitie.il. 
 
 ih; 
 
 It novi rnnn f]l money was impended i 
 
 niakinn the St, Livvreme availalik, not lor 
 jthe people ol Monirtal nl-m-, but lor [lie 
 pco|)te ol the whole I >oiniMion, 1 .mi with 
 , the hnii, member tor St. Lawrence (Mr. 
 j Hirkerdike,) I slate here that tlie j;overn 
 menl should lay down ; iKflicy lor this conn 
 try under which we should have a natic. lal 
 summer port and a national winter [lort, a -I 
 the whole energies of the country should !»• 
 directed towards the developmen' of these 
 two ports, and towards providing them with 
 
facilities for carrying on the trade of the cour- 
 try. The expenditure of small sums of money 
 on the Tay canal, for insfanre, and on others, 
 might be left aside fora short time while the 
 whole efforts of the country are centred upon 
 the development of our national seaports 
 and waterways. 
 
 I admit it is difficult to do this. It is hard 
 to get the representatives of certain portions 
 of the country which derives no benefit from 
 this expenditure to vote large sums of money 
 without their particular dist' r ts getting a quid 
 pro (luo. I admit that there was a great deal 
 in the argument of the Fmance Minister, 
 that it was almost impossible to do this with- 
 out distributing public ex|)enditure in difftr- 
 enl sections of the country. But, Sir, there 
 should be some general plan laid down tor 
 the purpose of affording the best transporta- 
 tion facilities in -^rdcr to develop the resour- 
 ces of our country . Let me tell the Minister 
 of Finance and the Prime Minister that the 
 amount of money expended on capital account 
 together with the deficits on the Intercolonial 
 Railway, since they came into power, would 
 have almost secured the construction of 
 
 the Geori^an Bay Canal. Including the 
 sums voted on capital account for 1903, the 
 hon. the Prime Minister wilt hardly credit me 
 when I tell him that it aggregates $17,000,000 
 on the Intercolonial Railway since he came 
 into power, and the deficit on the ordinary 
 revenue will be in the neighborhood ot 
 $1,750,000. There is $18,750,000 more 
 than the people of Canada should have paid, 
 and for what purpose ? For practically a use- 
 less expenditure upon the Intercolonial Rail- 
 way. If there had been a proper transporta- 
 tion twiicy for the development of the natural 
 waterways of the country, the money expend- 
 ed for the purposes I have indicated would 
 have almost secured for us this magnilicent 
 undertaking. Ponder upon that. Are these 
 things going to continue or is there to be an 
 end to them ? l^t the past bt buried. Adopt 
 Slime national system. Work to the line, and 
 I bt'lieve that the system I have proposed for 
 the deretopment oj the country is one whieA 
 tvill make Canada the greatest nation, 
 commercially and in other respects, on this 
 American continent.